IVRI AR 122.pdf

ANNll AlL BEPOllTOFTHE lfiJDIAN VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTEIZATNAGAR & MUI~TESWARAND ITS REGIONAL RESEARCH CENffiESFOR TH E YEAR 1972INTRODUCTIONThe Indian Veterinary Research Institute is the premier centre for research in veterin&y science and animalhusbandry in the country. From a modest beginning in December, 1889 if has attained the stature of anInstitute of National Importance. With this report the Institute has successfully completed its 83rd year, whichcoincides with Silver Jubilee of our Country's Independence. The Institute has campuses at Mukteswar andiZatnagar and Regional Research Centres at Palampur, Port Blair and Bangalore. The Institute has maintainedexcellent traditions by richly contributing to Nation's economy. Its research and teaching activities have receivedworld wide recognition.OBJECTIVESThe main objectives are (1) to conduct problem-oriented research on Gontagious and infeGtiCius diseasesof farm animals and poultry, (2) manufacture, standardisation and supply of veterinary biological products,(3) to conduc1 research on animal nutritien, animal genetics and breeding, animal physiology and pharmacology,breeding and nanag-ement of poultry, poultry technology, (4) veterinary public health, (5) render expert advicein veterinary slience and animal husbandry, (6) extension activities to disseminate the results of proven economicimportance tofarmers in particular and lay-men in general, and (7) post-graduate education and training.ORGANIZATIONAL SET UPThe In~tute now comprises twelve research Divisions viz. (1) Bacteriology and Virology, (2) BiologicalPrcducts, (3) Parasitology, (4) Animal Nutrition, (5) Poultry Research, (6) Animal Genetics, (7) Pathology,I(8) Physioloy and Pharmacolog

2Distinguished Visitors to various Campuses and Regional Centres1. Shri V. V. Giri, President of India.2. Dr. B. Gopala Reddy, Governor of Uttar Pradesh.3. Shri Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, Minister of Agriculture, GIL4. Shri K. C. Pant, Minister of State for Home Affairs.5. Prof. Sher Singh, Minister of State for Agriculture.6. Shri Dharam Datt Vaidya. Cabinet Minister, Uttar Pradesh.7. Dr. M. S. Swaminathan, Director General, I. C. A. R.8. Dr. B. K. Soni, Deputy Director General, I. C. A. R.9. Dr. C. L. Comar, Cornell University, U. S. A.10. Dr. R. V. S. Sain, University of Sydney, Australia.11. Dr. ·E. Knudsen, FAD HO, Rome, Italy.12. Dr. I. Settergren, Royal Veterinary College, Stockholm.13. Dr. H. J. Hansen, National Veterinary Institute, Stockholm.14. Dr. Mudher AI-Falluji, Dean, Veterinary College, Baghdad.15. Dr. P. A. Putnam, Chief Beef Cattle Research Branch, USDA-ARS, Maryland.16. Dr. Karl Horst Knoss, Animal Husbandry Expert, Indo-German Project. Mandi.17. Mrs. L. C. Stokes, President, Himachal Krishak Samaj, Simla.18. Col. Vishnu Sharma, Secretary, Himachal Krishak Samaj, Simla.19. Shri N. Chikke Gowda, Minister of State for Animal Husbandry, Mysore.20. Dr. K. Kristensen and Dr. M. Jensen, of Danish Team.21. Drs. Berj and V. Iron, Department of Biochemistry, University of New England, Australia.22. Dr. H. K. F. Hoffman, FAD, Flome.23. George H. W. Hutton and Mrs. Hutton, FAD Country Representatives, in India.24. Mrs. Irwin Funkerj, UNDP, New Del hi.25. Shri Dharam Rao AfzaJpurkar, M. P., Mysore.26. Shri Pampan Gowda, M. P., Mysore.27. Shri Tuna Draon, M. P., West Bengal.28. Shri M. Satyanarayan Rao, M.. P., A. P.29. Shri P. Venkata Reddy, M. P., A. P.30. Shri P. Ankineedu Prasada Rao, M. P., A. P.31. Shri Arvind Netam, M. P., Madhya Pradesh.32. Shri .Prabhudas K. Patil, M. P., Gujarat.33. Shri K. Ramkrishna Reddy, M. P., Andhra Pradesh.34. Shri K. Mallanna, M. P., Mysore.35. Shri J. G. Kadam, M. P.!6. Shri S. Kurayanappa, M. P.

345. Dr. Nguyen Muor, Ministry of Agriculture, Hanoi.46. Mr. N. D. Mao, Secretary of the Embassy of DRVN.47. Dr. Roberto Meicelles De Mirando, Departmento Nacional de Pesquisa. Brazil.48. ADY Raul da Silva, Agropecuaria-Min. of Agriculture Brasilia, Brazil.49. Dr. M. I. D. Sharma, Director, NICD, New Delhi.50. Dr. P. Bhattacharya, Member, National Commission on Agriculture. New Delhi.51. Dr. C. Perumal Pilai, FAO Regional Veterinary Officer, FAO Regional Office, Bangkok. Thailand.52. Montagnal Daniete and Ganivet Alvin, Ewle Veterineire-Maisons Altort, France.53. Dr. S. Berger, FAO Adviser to UNICEF on Nutrition Training. Poland.Dr. J. B. Shrivastav, Director General of Health Services, Govt. of India, New Delhi.Dr. S. N. Ray, Emeritus Scientist (I CAR), G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, PantnagC!lr.Dr. R. L. Kaushal, Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal HuSbandry, J. N. Krishi VishwaVidyalaya, Jabalpur.57. Prof. D. Anastas, Prokopanon, Higher Veterinary Medical Institute, Sofia.58. Prof. Dr. Yuichi Tcmabe, Giver University. Japan.59. New Zealand Scientists Delegation.

4IMPORTANT EVENTSThe year 1972 which is the 25th Anniversary of our Country's Independence is significant in Institute'shistory. With the active support of Director General. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, the Director,Dr. C. M. Singh made vigorous efforts to invite the President of India. Shri V. V. Giri to lay the foundation stoneof Modular Laboratories of this Institute. Mahamahim. President Shri V. V. Giri visited this Institute on 19thMarch 1972 and laid the foundation stone of the said laboratories. in the presence of a large audience. On thisoccasion Shri Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, Union Minister for Agriculture, Dr. B. Gopala Reddy. Governor of UttarPradesh. Prof. Sher Singh, Shri K. C. Pant. Minister of State for Agriculture & Home Affairs and Shr; D. O. Vaidya,Uttar Pradesh Health Minister were also present, besides local V. I. Ps, Army & Civil dignitaries.An exhibition was organis-ed where panels depicting various activities and liveetock under cross breedingactivities were exhibited.The Regional Centre of I. V. R. I. for research on Foot and Mouth disease was established under thecharge of Joint Director-cum-Officer Incharge at Bangalore.

President of India laying the foundation stone of modular laboratories.Dignitories with the President of India (L to R) Dr. B. K. Soni, Deputy Director General, (Animal Sciences,)I. C. A. R., Shri D. D. Vaidya, Cabinet Minister, U. P., Shri K C. Pant, Union Minister of State forIrrigation and Power, Dr. B. Gopala Reddy, Governor of U. P., Shri V. V. Giri, President of India,Shri Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, Union Minister of Agriculture, Dr. M. S. Swaminathan.Director General, I. C. A. R., and Dr. C. M . Singh, Director, I. V. R. I.

Dr. C. M . Singh, Director, I. V. R. I., delivering the welcome address during the visit of President of India.The President of India delivering his presidential address.

Research collaboration with Institutes, Universities etc.6The V. P. H. unit at Calcutta continued its research and teaching activities at the All India Institute ofHygiene and Public Health Calcutta. Details have been given under the Report of Division of Veterinary PublicHealth.Research collaboration at International level.The UNDP/SF Nuclear Research Laboratories in Divisions of Parasitology, Animal Nutrition andPhysiology and Pharmacology continued their respective activities according to programme. The radiationattenuated vaccine against lung worm of sheep successfully completed the field trials. A proposal is underconsideration to set up a laboratory for production of this vaccine in Jammu and Kashmir.The WHO/FAO centre on Brucellosis at Mukteswar continued to render useful service and provide~eference material for abroad.The work under PL-480 Project on Bovine Lymphosarcoma/Leukemia, particularly in Indian buffaloes isperiodically reviewed by counterpart Scientists at USDA, National Animal Disease Laboratory, Ames, Jowa(U. S. A.). They have highly commended the progress of the work conducted under this project.Post-graduate education in VPH at All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Calcutta, and UNDP/SFcentre of Excellence for advance studies in poultry production were continued with good attainments.Three veterinarians from New Zealand were imparted training in the diagnosis of rinderpest, sheep poxand foot-and-mouth disease.

7Statement showing the financial results of the workfng of I.V.R,I, IzatnagarBranch and BangalQre Branch for the calendar year 1972JZATNAGARReceiptsSale of Biological ProductsSale of AnimalsSale of Dairy productsOther misc. receipts.ExpenditureAll India Coodinated ProjectsP.l. 480 SchemeSummer Institutes at IVRII. C. A. R. FellowshipsPension and other' retirement benefitsNon-plan ExpenditureMain Institute and Summer InstitutesB.P. DivisionP.L. 480 SchemePension and retirement ben eftsPlan ExpenditureSummaryTotalTotalSalaries and T.A. etc. of officers and staffAssets rncluding purchse of animalsFeed and Upkeep of animalsCost of chemicals and glasswaresOther misc. expenditureB.P. Division including pay, T.A. etc. of officers and staffExpansion of I. V. R. I. and its P. G. College of Animal SciencesFive Year planunderthe IVthIzatnagarBangaloreTotal Non-PlanExpansion of IVRI and its p, G, College of Animal Sciences under IVth Five Year Plan­All India Coordinated Researc ProjectsSummer Institute IVRI (Plan)LCAR. FellowshipsIzatnagarBangloreTotal PlanRs.17,97,717.6135,017.4312,956.9311,04,607.85Rs. 29,50,299.82£ 0.5038,48,398.507 .90,207 .9~4.63,509.!:i72,43.578.2713,82.841.4212.49.943.7085,44,321.715,50,895.5332.88,662.941,34,290.8760.550.421.84,347.5939,662.68""R"-v.""'2""'.0""7:-:. S",,;,:"":.21 r"1-6Rs. 67.28.535.7212.49,943.701,34.290.8739662.68Rs. 81,52.432.9785,44,321.7'5,50,895.5332,88.662.9460,55042" 1,84,347.59RS:-1.26.28,178.19

8MUKTESWARExpenditureNon-PlanPay of officersPay of EstablishmentAllowances & Honoraria etc.Travelling expensesInterim reliefleave salary and Pension contribution'Other ChargasGrant-in-aidScholarship/Fellowship of Institute.Scholarship/Fellowship of the l.eAR.Pension and other retirement benefitsSeminar and conferencesRs.1,52,227.407,44,524.708,31,689.3125,413.132,50,639.202,710.008,96,027.206.543.004,307.35i9:r4.072"2911,375.4531,140.0912,000.00Expansion of I.V.R.1. under Fourth Five Year PlanPay of OfficersPay of EstablishmentAllowances & Honoraria etc.Travelling expensesInterim reliefleave salary and pension contributionOther charges63,220.4'034.327.8559.684.709,367.8017.751.7511.11.736.9512,96,089.45Foot and Mouth Disease Central Typing Laboratorv (Plan)Pay of OfficersPay of establishmentAllowances & Honoraria etc.Travelling expensesI nterim reliefleave salary and Pension contributionOther charges4.273.053,094.555,275.75294.001,458.2556.705.4071'7i"'6TOOAll India Coordinated Project for Goat forMohair/Pashmina Production (Plan) Grant-in-aidPay of officersPay of establishmentAllowances & Honoraria etc.5.967.066,565.95

9Travelling expensesInterim reliefLeave salary and pension contributionOther charges1,154.451,953.1523,272.2538,912.85"Total Non-Plan" Plan" Centrally sposored scheme (Plan)" Coordinated Project (Plan)" I.C.A.R. Fellowship/Scholarship" Pension and other retirement benefit" Seminar & ConferencesGrand total:29,14,072.2912,96,089.4571,101.0038,912.8511,375.45 .31,140.0912,000.0043,74.691.13RECEIPTSSale of sera and vaccinesDairy productsPoultry productsSale of fruits, plants and vegetables etc.Rent including water and electricity chargesApplication fee, tuition fee and diploma chargesMiscellaneous30,733.9935,502.903,662.453,278.6367,972.983,426.501.09,408.36Total: 2,53,985.81

10SUMMARY OFDIVISIONAL REPORTSBacteriology and VirologyProduction of monovalent foot-and-mouth disease vaccine has been augmented. FMD virus type Au hasbeen isolated studies were conducted on its immunogenicity.Attempts were made to study the role of sheep and goats as carriers of rinderpest virus and transmiss'lonof disease. Investigations ware conducted on the use of tissue culture rinderpest vaccine amongindigenous cattle, buftaloes goat and sheep. Further work is in progress.Formalised sheep vaccine using Russian strain of sheep pox virus was prepared to study its immunogenicityagainst indigenous strain of sheep pox virus. Sterility and potency test were carried out. Field trialsin exotic cross bred and indigenous breeds has shown encouraging results.Studies were conducted on leptospirosis, using a battery of antigens comprising 12-15 serogroups.Preliminary investigations on the develop:nant of combined vaccine against haemorrhagic septicaemia and blackquarter were undertaken with promising results.Besides potency testing of brews of mammalian and avian tuberculin investigations on standardizationof diagnostic procedures for tt:lberculosis and Johns's disease in domestic animals were undertaken.Work on efficacy of enterotoxaemia aluminium chloride crystals precipitated and ,alum precipitatedvaccines in goats has given satisfactory results.Supply of brucella antigens was·maintained.of V. foetus strain 1980.Efforts are being made to produce the antigen from cultureBiological ProductsResearch activities included improvement of production procedure of various biological products. 3,35,52,233doses and 4,01,596 mlof various biological products were manufactured and 3,20,07,986 doses and 3,88,111ml were issued.Parasitology DivisionThe species infests cattle all around the ye~r and has four generations in a year.tick requires 47-98 days for its completion and is influenced by weather conditions.The life cycle (i)f thisIn experiments with chemosherilants against the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans), 1 % Tepa at a doseof 0.348b per litres fly incluced sterility of low degree. 1 % Apholate at 0.348ju litre/tick induced sterilityof low degree in the poultry ti~k (Agras persicus). This tick when exposed to 2,OOOr did not exhibit sterilityof a high order.The susceptibility of different species of mam:nJls to Fascia/apses buski was investigated andpreliminary screening of a number of drugs against this parasite showed that Distodin, TetrachloroethyleneBnd Zanil possess antihelmintic activity against F. buski in pigs.In connection with immunisation studies, a series of experiments were carried out to assess the worm(Ascaridia galli) bruden in 1, 2 and 3 weeks old chickens of assorted strain, after challenging them withembryonated eggs, both irradiated and non-irradiated.The behavi our of the infective larva of (Bunostomum trigonocepha!um) was studied in detail in rabbitsand guinea-pigs.

Studies were carried out on the epidemiology and incidence of Haemonchus contortus infectiQn in sheepand goats and the findings were corelated with meterotological data. The rate of infection and worm burdenin sheep was also studied besides ascertaining the efficacy of few drugs against H. contortus.The rabbits infected with metacercariae irradiated at 4 and 5 kr. did not show presence of any flukeswhen autopsied between 52-66 days, after giving infection though upto 39% migrating and dsveloping flukes wererecovered from the control group. The sera collected from rabbits exposed to irradiated metacercariae did not give anyprecipitin lines though in rabbits infected with non- irradiated metacercariae two precipitin lines were observed.The hyperimmune sera gave only one precipitin line.Studies on lung worm (Dictyocaulus filaria) showed that the enteric and lymphatic route of migration of larvawas not indispensable for its development. A systematic surveyaf lungworm in many localities in HimachalPradesh and Jammu and Kashmir State revealed that some localities were highly endemic while others were relativelyfree. A radiation attenuated lungworm vaccine for the control of D. filaria infection in sheep hasbeen developed and about 6,000 doses of this vaccine were prepared during the period under repo,rt.Drug resistance studies in poultry coccidia are in progress.Animal NutritionInvestigations were conducted on (1) feed technology and processing- use of agro- industrial by-products,as cattle feed, (2) Cattle and buffalo nutrition, (3) sheep and goat nutrition, (4) pig and laboratory animal nutritionand (5) ruminant digestion and metabolism, (a collaborative project under UNO P /SF).Poultry ResearchWork on All India Coordinated research projects on poultry for egg and poultry for meat continued accordingto programme. The broiler breed gave a weight of about 1260 gm. at 10 weeks. Work on further improvementis in progress. Optimum levels of protein and energy for broiler growth have been determined.Further, work has been reported on deoiled salseed meal, as a source of energy. Work has been carried out onpoultry marketing, preservation of eggs conditions for manufacture of chicken sansage and quality control.Research activities are planned to development of high yielding strains. The centre of Excellence for Advancedstudies and research in Poultry Production continued in the Division successfully.Animal GeneticsA completely new freezing technique for semen from quality buHs was envolved named 'Tupol-IVRf'. Semenfrozen by this technique has shown a recovery of 50-60%. In the area of evolving a new breed of cattle so far390 first crosses and 37 second crosses have been produced out of the former 38 have come in milk. Theaverage milk production rate per day is about 8.53 kg. Seventeen transferrin phenotypes were recorded in SahiwalFriesian crosses.PathologyExperimental studies have been conducted to assess the comparative ameliorative effects of chloridesof calcium, magnesium and aluminium against fluorssis in animals. Further studies were conducted on arterialdiseases in goats. These included various lipids and total proreins both in serum and different arterial tissuesof fibrousplaque. Efforts were made to find out if infectious bronchitis vaccination produces any untowardeffect in the respiratory and urogenital system of birds.Studies on Marek's disease (MD) included pathogenesis of MD isolates, pathology of contact Infection,and a study of emproyo inoculation. Trials were conducted on the adaptation of avian encephalomyelitis virusin chicken embryos. Other activites comprised me>rtality pattern amongst laboratory mice, rats and rabbits.Facilities were provided for laboratory diagnostic service throughout the country.

Dr. C. M . Singh, Director, I. V. R. I., explaning to the Union Minister of Agriculturethe future development plan of the Institute.

Shri Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, Union Minister of Agriculture, alongwithProfessor Sher Singh, Union Minister of State for Agriculture,Dr. M.S. Swaminathan, Director, General I.C.A.R., andDr. C.M. Singh Director I.V.R.I.-Dr. M.S. Swaminathan (Centre) with (L to R) Dr. G.L. Sharma,Dr. B.K . Soni, Dr. C.M. Singh and Dr. B.S. Rajya .

Physiology and Pharmacology1'2The division was engaged on research to deterimine the comfort one of crossbred calves of the Institute.Effect of biostimulator on improvement of growth in growing lambs was studied. Endocrinological stwdies wereconducted on Hariana heifers. Work is in progress on economics of Barbari goats. Five indigenous plantshave been screened, ifol the first instance, for pharmacological activity against round worm of poultry, sheep andgoats. Incidence of poisoning in livestock from poisonolJs plants has been investigated ..Biological SMndardizationAttempts have been made to study the complement fixing activities of spleen and mesentric lymph nodesuspensions from animals infected with virulent rincerpest virus. Twelve trials for potency test of anthrax sporevaccine were carried out. A number of salmonella field strains were examined, and certain Salmonella strainswere serotypad.ExtensionThe Division was engaged in various activities to bring the results of researches to the knowlege offarmers.Staff courses for senior officers of State Departments of Animal Husbandry were organised sl:lccessfully.Some bulletins/leaflets were also published.On the occasion of Silver Jubilee Celebrations of Indian Independence, besided extra-curricular activitiesan Exhibition, Open day and Farmers Day were organised.Biochemistry LaboratoryThe laboratory was engaged on standardization of p-nitrophen yl phosphate method for estimation of acidand alkaline phosphatase in buffalo blood serum, lipid constituents of buffalo plasma aAd erythrocytes. Researchwork under the All India Coordinated Project on Slaughter House By-Products was continued ·according to approvedprogramme.'VRI Regional Research CentresBangalore :-This Centre has recently been esta~lished with the appointment of Joint Director and a .nucleus Staff. At present physical facilities and infra structure are being arranged.Palampur :-Further studies have been conducted on evaluation of phak in poultry rations. The resultsindicate that it can replace a part of rice bran. Studies were continued on the growth rate of Jersey X Localcross bred calves and adaptive research on calf starters. Maintenance, DCP and energy requirements of Jerseycross bred animals have been studied. Studies on high altitude fodders are in progress.Port BlairFurther studies were conducted on the incidence of stephanofilarial dermatitis among buffaloes. Preliminarystudies were conducted on parasitic species involved in naval sore. Examination of flies was continuedto elucidate the possible vectors. Some helminthic parasites were also collected.

13DIVISION OF BACTERIOLOGY & VIROLOGYRESEARCHFoot and Mouth DiseaseA total of 1,99,108 doses of 10 ml each of monovalent FMD vaccine were prepared and 48,985 doses of40 ml polyvalent vaccine were issued. The two Inoxa Italian vaccine autoclaves were commissioned.From an outbreak of FMD occurred at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, FMD virus typeA22 was isolated from the animals reported to be vaccinated with polyvalent FM D gel vaccine. This virus gavebetter fixation with "Middle East A22 serum" than with type 'As' serum. The virus isolated was successfullyadapted in goat kidney cortical cell and myocardial tissue culture and an inactivated vaccine (A) has beenprepared by conventional method i.e. 50% Alhydrogel and 40% virus and formalin (Analar) in a final concentrationof 0.06%. This vaccine has been tested in hill bulls and compared with the conventional gel vaccine (8) preparedwith the present' AI': virus in order to assess the degree of coverage of immunity by type As vaccine on typeA 22 • It has been observed that both vaccines are sufficiently immunogenic when challenged with homologousstrain of FMD virus type 'A', whereas with heterologous strain only partial protection was noted. Some moretrials in large number of animals are in progress to arrive at a definite conclusion.Attempts have been made to study the efficacy of AEI as inactivating agent over formaline. Foot andMouth disease virus type A and Asia I were propagated in primary goat kidney cell cultures. A batchof virus was divided into two parts, each part was inactivated with AEI and formalin separately. Inactivatedvaccines were incorporated into aluminium by hydroxide gel adjuvant. Vaccines were tested for sterility, safetyand innocuity in biological hosts.The hill bulls which were found to be free from Asia I antibodies were immunized with the above vaccine.The antibody titres by SN Index and protection test wtih homologous needle challenge were carried out to assessthe immune status. It has been observed that both the vaccines, prepared by using inactivated AEI and formalin.were found to be immunogenic. The use of AEI as inactivant offers advantage over formalin in a waythat the vaccine prepared can be used immediately after prepa(ation.Some trials have been made on the comparative evaluation of saponin and aluminium hydroxide gel asadjuvant in the preparation of FMD vaccine. It waS found that animals vaccinated with vaccine containing 10%aluminium hydroxide gel with 0.2% saponin or with conventional aluminium hydroxide gel vaccine, withstoodthe challenge.Preliminary investigations have been undertaken at I. V. R. I. Dairy farm, Izatnagar/Mukteswar, on calfhoodvaccination against FMD. Batches of calves from below one month to a few months old were inoculated twicewith FMD with conventional gel vaccine at an interval of 3 weeks in varying doses. It was recorded that thecalves below one month of age which received vaccination twice at an interval of 3 weeks withstood the challengewithout showing any generalization. All other groups including centrals showed varying degree of. generalization.RinderpestFourteen specimef)s were received during the year 1972 from different parts of the country suspected forrinderpest (RP) or rinderpest like diseases. None of these were found positive for M.D.C. One specimen wasfound positive for R.P., 7 were negative and 6 were unfit for examination. Attempts have been made to studythe role of sheep and goats as carriers of R. P. virus and transmission of the disease.

1,4Two hill bulls were inoculated with, -1 ml of 1 % suspension of 'rinderpest virulent virus of Hissar strain.Two susceptible sheep and 2 susceptible goats were housed with them in the same chappar. The inoculated hillbulls exhibited typical thermal reaction, symptoms and lesions of rinderpest. Both the contact sheep c!evelopedthermal reaction upto 104.5 while the contact goats did not develop any pyrexia. The blood from the reactingsheep.collected'St the height of thermal reaction could infect hill bulls and sheep. The lymph nodes !rom reactingsheep proved positive for rinderpest by agar gel precipitation test.Extensive investigations have been undertaken to study the use of the tissue culture rinderpest vaccineamong indigenous cattle, buffaloes, sheep and goats.(a) Four each ~f Haryana calves and buffalo calves vaccinated with. 2010 100 and 40 10 100 tissue culturerinderpest vaccine 21 months earlier were challenged with the virulent virus keeping 2 buffalo calves ascontrols. The control animals reacted typically exhibiting thermal reaction, m~uth' lesions, diarrhoea andrecovered, while none Qf the vaccinated animals exhibited any symptoms and lesions.(b) With a view to assess the immunising power of T.C.R.P. vac'cine among susceptible goats, 5 batcheswere titrated in goats. The vaccinated goats were challenged 3 weeks later with GTV and these were foundto be immune. The control animals exhibited thermal reaction and lymph nodes collected from a few reactinggoats proved positive for rinderpest by agar gel diffusion test. The titre of the virus in goats was found to bethe same as in hill bulls and as such this vaccine can not only be used safely but also effectively amongthe goats in the same dose.(c) Eight batches of T. C. R. P. vaccine have been tested in susceptible sheep. The vaccinatedsheep were challenged 3 weeks post - vaccination with virulent rinderpest virus, keeping 2susceptible sheep as controls. The control sheep reacted upto 105°F. The lymph nodes from reacting~heep proved positive for R.P. by gel diffusion test. The vaccinated animals were found to be immune.The titres of vaccine were found simiiar as in bovine. The post-vaccination sera have been found to neutraliseT.C.R.P. virus when diluted to 10 1 •(d) Five batches of T.C.R.P. vaccine have been titrated in susceptible buffalo calves. These animals werechallenged after 3 weeks keeping 2 healthy buffcalves as controls. The post-vaccination sera have beenCi:ollected and SN!;o titres are being found out. The result of challenge with 3 batches have indicatedthat there is a difference of about 1 log in the titre as compared to the titres in hill cattle.Studies on the use of lamb kidney/buffalo calf kindey cell cultures for the preparation of T.C.R.P. are beingcarried out.'Sheep PoxThe formalised sheep pox gel vaccine using Russian strain of sheep pox virus (SPV) was prepared on thelines of Russian workers with the view to stuqy its immunogenecity against indigenous strains of S.P.V.Preparation of vaccineThe virus obtained from U.S.S.R. was propagated in 2 to 4 susceptible sheep by injecting 30 millilitre of10% virus suspension in phosphate buffer by subcutaneous and intradermal routes in the shaved skin ofabdominal region. These sheep were sacrificed between 8 to 10 days post-infection and oedema fluid alongwith infected skin tissues were collected. It was stored at -20°C- for use in vaccine preparation. The vin,lstitre was found to be more than 10 6 per millilitre.The eomposition for vaccine was as follows :-Aluminium hydro~ide gel (AI hydrogel)Phosphate buffer (pH 7.6)10% virus suspensionFormalin (40% Formaldehyde)50 parts25 parts15 parts0.05 parts

1:5A 10% "(w/v) virU's suspension Was prepared with infected 'mLfscle arid oedema fluid' in cnil1ei:i phosphatebuffer. Virus extraction was done at +6 to +8° C. Its .bacteriological sterility was checked; Alhydrogel anaphosphate buffer were mixed and autoclaved at 10 Ibs. pressure for 30 minutes. The mixture was~ cooled to 10to 15° C before adding the virus suspension. Virus absorption was allowed for 24 hours at 10-15~ C withperiodical stirring. The temperature of gel virus mixture was raised to 20 to 25 0 C with intermittant mixing for24 hours. The vaccine was then stored at +10 0 C for 10 days for maturation.Sterility testIt was done by seeding the vaccine on usual aerobic and anaerobic (blood agar, nutrient/broth and Robertson'sbroth) culture media. These ware incubated at 31.~C for bacterial growth for- a period of 7 days.Potency testIt was performed by vaccinating fau; susceptibie· sheep/lambs with 3 ml of vaccine by subcutaneous routeunder the inner aspect of thigh. These vaccinated lambs/sheep were challenged with 200 RD of virulent Jaipurstrain of SPV on 21 st day post-vaccination including equal number of susceptible sheep/Iamb as controls.The vaccine was considered to be potent if all the four vaccinated lambs/sheep withstood challenge andat least 3 of the four control sheep/Iambs developed typical pock reaction at the site of inoculation. From theseresults, it is evident that Russian Strain of SPV,is Jmmunogenic against.indigenou~ Jaipur strain of SPV andcould be used for preparin~ efficacious vaccine against sheep pox in this country.Field tri~rs with formalised ~heep pox gel vaccineExtensive trials were undertaken to establish the efficacy of vaccine under field conditions during naturalsheep pox outbreaks. The field trials with this vaccine w~re carried out in Rohtak and Hissar districts(Haryana), C.S.W.R.I., Avikanagar (Rajasthan), Uttar Pradesh, I.V.R.I., Izatnagar and Maharashtra. It was quiteencouraging to record that the vaccine when tried on the face of outbreak checked the spread of disease andwas found to be safe in exotic cross-bred and' indigenous breeds of sheep.leptospirosisA total number of 501 serum samples either collected or received from 12 States, were examined for antibodiesagainst leptospirae, using a battery of antigens comprising 12-15 serogroups. The serum sampfes werecollected from animals with history of different disease conditions such as abortion, haemoglobinuria etc., anda small proportion from in-contact animals or animals without any known clinical history. Of the 501 serumexamined, 178 showed significant titres (1:100 or higher) of agglutinins of one or more antigens belongingto 11 serogroups; 181 showed agglutinins of only one serogroup, and 47 of two or more serogroups.Among positive reactors, nearly 40% showed agglutinins against Hebdomadis group arid 12% against Pomona. Theother serogroups encountered were Sal/um, Pyrogenes, Autumnahs, Cynopteri, Bataviae, Australis and Tarassoviin a range of 5-1. About 28% of positive reactors whose multiple reactions against two or more serogroups.Sixty two human serum samples from P.U.O. cases were screened against Leptospira infection. Out of 62Sera, 8 showed serological evidence for Leptospira infection in titres of 1: 100 and above, against one or moreserogroups of Leptospira among 8 positive sera, 2 were positive for Autumnalis (1 :300), 1 for Grippotyphosa(1 :100) and 5 sera showed positive reactions against multiple serogroups such 'as Autumnalis, Icterohaemorrhagiae,Sal/urn, Pyrogenes, Australis, Grippotyphosa and Hebdomadis (1:100 to 1:10,000 titre).Five hundred sixteen transplants of bacterial cultures were supplied to the various institutions throughout thecountry,for production of biological products and for research and teachin9 purposes._

Preliminary investigations on the development of combined vaccine for control of haemorrhagic sei>tioae~mia and black quarter were undertake!). A c;:ombined vaccine was .pr~pared by Incorporating' H.S'. oil adjuvantvaccine and aluminium hydroxide and alum precipitated Black 'quarter vaccines. The immune status of theimmunised hill bulls with the above mentioned combined vaccine was assessed by serological and guinea-pigsprotection test. It has been observed that the combined vaccine has shown promosing results with regard to theimmune status against H.S. and black quarter.Tuberculosis and Johne's DiseaseTwenty two thousand and two hundred dO!5es of johnin were manufactured, standardised and supplied tothe H.D.B.P., I.V.S'!., Izatnagar for issue to the field.Potency testing of brews of mammalian and avian tuberculinePotency tests of two brews of mammalian tuberculin prepared by the B.P. Division were conducted andthe brews were passed for issue to the field.Potency tests were also conducted on two brews of avian tuberculin, samples of which were received fromthe B.P. Division. The test results were satisfactory and the brews were passed for issue to the field.Apart from the above studies, investigations on the standardisation of diagnostic procedures for tuber - Jculosis and Johnin diseases in various species of domestic animals were undertaken. Tuberculin ar)d Johnintests were conducted at the Central Cattle Breeding Farm, Suratgarh and the animals belonging to the VeterinarySection of this Institute. The passive haemagglutination test using polysaccharide and proteins antigenswas developed for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Also macrophage migration inhibition test and leucocyticmetabolism inhibition tests were tried. Although partial success has been achieved with the above tests" f~rtherwork is in progress.AnaerobeSupply of vaccineA total of 38,400 doses of black-disease vaccine were prepared and tested for sterility, safety and potency.17,000 doses qf lamb dysentry vaccine were prepared and tested for sterility,' sa feW and potency for despatch todifferent State Farms.IProphyJactic vaccination against Enterotoxaemia in goatsStudies on the efficacy of enterotoxaemia aluminium chloride crystals precipitated and alum precipita\edvaccines in goats were conducted with a view to use these vaccines in goats since there is intensive upgradingand development of goat ,industry. So far the efficacy of .these vaccines were not tested in goats. Experimentaland field trials in local goat and Pashmina goats with alum precipitated aod aluminium chloride crystals precipitatedvaccine gave similar results. The goats were inoculated with 2 ml SIC of the vaccine and the dosagewas repeated after 14 days interval. Serum was collected from vaccinated goats on 10th day of second inoculation.Both the vaccines were able to invoke an antitoxin titre of 5 I.U./ml serum of epsilon antitoxin of ct.per'rigens type D, which gave satisfactory immunogenic response. A total of 116 Pashmina goats and hillgoats were vaccinated.Two anaerobic cultures were received and Ct. perfrigens type A and C/. septicum were isolated andidentified. C/. pe,firgens typa- A was isolated from a case of mastitis in 8 cow.

17BruceJlaThree batches of A.B.R. antigen were produced during the year.the field.The culture of V. fetus strain 1980 was obtained from Weybridge and is being maintained in the labora­Efforts are being made to produce the antigen.tory.1585 ml o~ antigen was supplied'toMycologyInvestigation into an obscure skin disease, lichen tropicus, which has been affecting army animals duringsummer and monsoon eacl:! year, was taken up. The condition hinders the army operation considerably asthe chief sites of involvement are saddle and girth are,as, withers, neck and head,SPECIMENS~heep PoxTwenty 'specimens suspected to be sheep pox, (lPD, goat pox and other virus diseases were dealt within t~e laboratory.'RabiesSixty three specimens from suspected cases of rabies were received from various parts of the county forc,onfirmation of diagnosis. Out of these 28 were positive and 32 negative for ~abies and remaining 3 were\Jnfi1.Tuberculosis and Johne's disease'.' I'One hundred thirty specimens were received for bacteriological examination. Out of 61 specimensexamined for tuberculosis, six were found positive and One of the isolates was typed as M. bovis. This materialwas received from a cow of Agricultural University, Pantnagar. "Out of 69 specimens examined for Johne'sdisease, fifteen were positive and the remaining were negative.Anaerobe, During the period undsr report, seven specimens ware received from different State Govt. Departmentsand other institutions. Out of the specimens fiva from sheep the presence of beta toxin of G/. perfringenstype C was revealed in the supernatant of intestinal contents, and C/. p9rflingens type C could also be isolatedfrom one specimen.SupplV of culturesTwo hundred and thirty nine anaerobic culture t~ansplantsProducts Institutions and Veterinary Colleges in India.were supplied to various State Biological

18DIVISION OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTSThe main functions of the Divisioa 'during the year 1972 consisted of large scale production, testing andissue of veterinary biological products to States, Army, foreign countries, World Health Organisation, Food andAgriculture Organisation of the United Nations etc. Work was carried out for the product improvement. TheDivision participated ill the teaching programme of the post-graduate students. Work pertaining'to the breedingof laboratory animals was continued.During the year 1972, 33.9 million doses of biological products were manufactured and 32.3 millio,ndoses were issued. This compares favourably with the previous year's achievement. It would appear that duringthe rear 1972, the pmduction and issue of biological products has been stepped up significantly. Based onthe principle of "no profit no loss", there was a gross profit of about Rs. 4.85 lakhs. During this period, therehas been significant achievement in the way of incieased production of poultry vaccines, tissue culture r1nder·pest vaccine, as well as freeze dried goat tissue vaccine. Arrangements were made to undertake in future theproduction of tissue culture rinderpest vaccine so as to replace completely freeze dried goat tissue vaccine. Alist of the 'Various biological products manufactured and issued during 1972 is given on the followin!;J',Statement showing production and supply fiQure of veterinary biological products at !. V. R. I.,Izatnagar dur'ing the calendar year 1972.Ser. No. Name of product Manufactured Supplied1. B. Q. Vaccine 3,10,100 doses 2,80.200 doSes2. Fowl pox vaccine (CEVL) 31,54,000 " 31,80.1003. Anthrax spore vaccine . 1,87,0801,31,1204. Ranikhet disease vaccine (L) 80,67,400 " 72,56,80Q5. H. S. Adjuvant vaccine 4,42,500 " 3,66,900 ,.6. Enterotoxaemia vaccine 3,25,550 " 2,96,150 ?)7. Horse sickness vaccine 34,460 " 36,.720.8. Mixed Strepto Epui vaccine 3,483 " 3,48-3 t9. Brucella aportus coloured antigen 3,560 ml 3,560 mJ10. Brucella abortus plain antigen 1,15,000 ml 87,750 ml11. Brucella abortus positive serum 166 ml 144 ml12. Brucella abortu,s strain (19) vaccine 9,784 doses 9,7.84 doses1~. Sal. Abortus Equi 'H' antigen 500 ml14. Sal. Pullorum coloured antigen !:i,670 ml "5,530 mf15. Sal. Abortus equi vaccine 30 doses 30 doses16. Sal. Pullorum positive serum 175 mi 72 ml17. Sal. Pullorum plain antigen 5,000 ml 4,250 ml18. R. D. Vaccine 'F' stram 50,70,100 doses 51;71,400 doses19. lapinised swine fever vaccine 29,91527,000"20. F. D. GOllt tissue vaccine 1,34,06,3001.29,09,400"21. R. D. Rinderpest ti9(tue culture vaccine 22,30,45020,28.655"22. Fowl Spirochaetosis vaccine 8,260,.23. Tuber.ulin concentrated 50,400 49.450

24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.C. C. P. P. Vaccine 1,06.800 doses'Avian tuberculin 10,725"Mallein I. D. P. 33.450"Ma,lIein subcut. 5,090Anti rabic vaccine 5% carbolized2,68,810 mlRabies vaccine (L) CEO for dogs5,656 doses*Foot and Mouth disease vaccine(Polyvalent)48,760 doses*Johnin 20,200 ,.Healthy calf serum2,870 mlP. P. L O. antigen 345 mlH. S. Adjuvant vaccine for sheep and goat3,35,52,233 dosesTotal4,01,596 ml·Manufactured at Mukteswar and supply is made from this office.The research activities were conducted on :­(i) Bacterial vaccines(ii) Viral vaccines(iii) Small animal breeding.191,06,800 doses7,13044,6052,8142,82,540 ml6,313 doses44.53220.2003,420 ml345 ml15,140 doses3.20,07,986 doses3.88,111 ml(i) Bacterial vaccines - Production-oriented research on studies on the improvement at procedurefor better yield of epsilon toxin in the manufacture of potent enterotoxaemia vaccine was undertaken using theindigenous peptone and other laboratory/technological knowhow. The epsilon toxin contents could beincreased to 2000-4000 m. i. ds. per ml and this was a definite improvement over the standard minimum levelprescribed for this vaccine, i. e. 1000-2000 m. i. d. per mi.(ii) Viral vaccines - The work in respect of production of rinderpest tissue culture vaccine wasundertaken. During the year, the production of tissue culture rinderpest vaccine was stepped up and 18 batchesof this vaccine were produced, which consisted of about 36 lakh doses. Out of this, 6 batches were issued comprising17.08 lakh doses. There had not been any shortfall in the supply of tissue culture rinderpest vaccine.Based on these experiences in respect of production and testing, it is envisaged that during the year 1973, itwill be possible to switch over entirely to the production of tissue culture rinderpest vaccine to replace goattissue vaccine in future.(iii) Small animal Production-During this period, the production of small animals has been satisfactory,inasmuch as 19,000 mice, 2,400 rats, 952 guinea=-gigs, and 455 rabbits were produced for the supply to theDivision of Biological Products, and other Divisions and outside agencies.. Research work on the growth rate, age at maturjty and litter size in gui~a-p!gs has been carried out usingfeed mixtures to improve upon growth-size and litter size in the Fl generation. The work is being continued inthe year 1973 as well.

20DIVISION OF PARASITOLOGYTick vectors of bovine blood parasites in IndiaClean colonies of Boophilus and Hyalomma species were established in the laboratory and techniquesfor their maintenance all round the year were perfected. Studies on the taxonomy, distribution, biology andecology of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus (Canestrini, 1887) and other species of ixodids.laboratory populations of larva, nympth and adults raised from the engorged females of Boophilus receivedfrom few iocaiities in Jammu and Kashmir Siaie, Haryana, Himachal Piadesh and many localities in Uttar Pradeshagreed in all essential morphological details, thereby leaving no doubt that the specimens from above statesbelonged to one single species- B. micloplus. The biological studies also support this finding.The distributional records from various localities in the above states are new. The species we,re rare inBareilly district about a decade !;lack. Besides cattle it is found in small numbers in sheep, goat, horses, dogsand pigs. The infestation with different stages of the tick is heaviest from mid-July till mid-October and lowestfrom mid-April till June.B. micfOplus is a one host tick. In Izatnagar the shortest period observed for completion of life cycle(including th~ engorgement of female) was 47 days and the longest period observed was 98 days.Studies on the effect of chemosteriJants on the reproduction in stable fly St"moxys calcitrans L.Work done and results achievedFrom the laboratory bred colony of stable fly Stomoxys calcitlans, pupae were raised and kept individuallyin test tubes plugged with cotton. When males and females emerged from these pupae they were sorted outand each sex was caged separately to avoid mating between the two sexes. 3-4 days old males were dosedwith 0.348 lu litres of 1 % tepa. The contral group was dosed with the solvent alone. In the first experimentto males were released 24 hours after dosiDg in a cage having 10 virgin females alongwith 10 normal malesi. e. the ratio was 1 : 1 : 1. These females laid a total of 3881 eggs out of which 275 eggs hatched (7.0%)whereas in the control group 5 females laid 1517 eggs Ol:lt of which 952 eggs hatched (62.7%).In the next experiment a total of 20 m?les were treated with the same dose and released 24 hours aftertreatment, alongwith 10 normal males in a cage with 10 virgin females of the same age i. e. the ratio was 1female; 2 treated male: a normal female. These females laid a total of 3562 eggs out of which 124 eggshatched (3.48%) whereas in the control group 5 females laid a total of 1628 eggs out of which 1011 eggshatched (62.1 %) .This indicates that sterilized males could complete with normal males in the ratio usecl.Effect of Gamma-radiation arid chemosterilant on the reproductive potential of ticksFrom the laboratory colony of Argas persicus the males and females were obtained from nymphal stageswhich were kept individually in tubes. 5 males 7 days old were dosed with 0.348/U litres of 1 % apholate and48 hours after treatment were allowed to mate with virgin females. These females laid 316 eggs out gf which102 eggs hatched in the first hatch (32.8%). In the control group hatching was 80.01 % (5 females laid 367eggs out of which 294 eggs hatched). In subsequ'ent hatches the percentage of hatch was more

21or less same. In the next hatch the 5 males 7 days old were dosed with 0.438/u of 1 % aphotate a.od after 48hours of treatment were allowed 10 mate with equal number of virgin females. There females on being fed laida· total of 286 eggs out of which 73 eggs hatched (25.0%). Whereas a control groug hatching was79.56% (5 females laid 372 eggs out of which 296 eggs hatched. The results show that males could be sterilizedby chemosterilants.Experiment with gamma radiationVirgin males exposed to 2000r were allowed to mate with normal females 2 days after exposure. It wasfound that 5 females. laid 362 eggs out of which 122 larvae hatched (33.7%) whereas in control group egghatching was 81.2% (5 females laid 383 eggs out of which 310 larvae hatched). ViJlgin females were exposedto 5000r and allowed to mate with normal males 48 hours after exposure, out of these females only one femalelaid 52 eggs but none of the eggs hatched. The rest of the females died without laying eggs. The results showthat there is some sterilizing effect of irradiation on both sexes.Biology and control of ,cascloiops;s buski, an intestinal.parasite of man and pigsStudies on the incidence of Fasciolopsis buski infection in the definitive host pig and if! the snail intermediatehost, Helicorbis coenosus were conducted. About 28% of tf:le pigs were found infected withF. buski. About 2% of the planorbid snails, H. coenosus examined from Nekpur, a suburb of Ba,reilly werefound naturally infected with the cercariae of F. buski.Eggs recovered from para6ites collected from abattoir were cultured in the laboratory for obtainingmiracidia. Laboratory bred young H. coenosus were exposed individually to the miracidia of F. buski.Metacercariae were raised from the cercariae shed by the infected snails. Clean piglets were infected withthe viable metacercariae of F. buski.During the year one more drug i. e. Zanil was tried. 16 piglets were treated with Zanil at the rate of15 mg. per kg. body weight. On post-treatment examination some animals did not show F. buski eggs in thefaeces and in the others there was a sharp decrease in the E. F. G. value after ,the first medication. Further,another dose of Zanil will be given to the animals still showing F. busk; eggs in the faeces.Immunisation of chickens against Ascaridia galllIn continuation of 'previous studies further work was conducted on the worm burden at periodical intervalsafter immunization because the worm burden is eliminated or expelled by the chicks. Further, the pathogenesisinA. gal/i infection is more due to the immature stages c:ausing diarrhoea, inflammation, and necrosis of theintestinal mucosa followed by death in some cases. Young chicks infected with A. ga/li have a poor growth rateand lowered vitality. .The mean worm burden 20 days post-infection was 70 in-1-week-old chicks immuni~ed with 500irradiated eggs while in the control group infected with the same number of non-irradiated eggs, the mean wormburden was little over 90. In subsequent weeks of the the infection, the mean worm burden declined to lowlevels in both the experimental and control groups with the result that on day 90 post-infection, the mean wormburden ranged from 5-8 in the experimental and the control groups. These worms were rhe residual adult parasitesir.t the lumen of the intestine.When challenged, with 100-0 embryonated but non-irradiated eggs, on day 30 post-immunisation, the eggsof the challenge infection hatched and commenced growth. On day 10 post-challenge, the mean worm burdenwas; 67 in chicks immunised with irradiated eggs, 55 in chicks immunised with non-irradiated eggs, and 108 inthe challenge and age-cohtrol group of chicks. The wo'rm burden following the challenge infection was alsoprogressively expelled or eliminated with the result that, 90 days after immunisation or 60 days after the challengeinfection. the mean worm burden (this includes adult worm originating from the immunising and the challenge

22infection} ranged fram 2-6 in all the groups including the challenge control. When 2-week or 3-week oldchicks were used for immunisation the worm burden was expelled or eliminated at faster rates. The challengeor age control group of chicks also had lower worm burden. Further work is in progress.Host parasite relationship in Bunostomum tr;gonocephalumThe donor animals for B. trigonocephalum infection are being maintained for the regular supply of theinfective larvae. Attempts were made to establish the hilok worm infection in rabbits and guinea-pigs. Inrabbits, both oral and percutaneous route was adalpted for giving infection with the infective juveniles ofB. trigonocephalum.The dose of 50,000 larvae proved fatal since all the rabbits died on the 10th or 11 th days after givinginfection. On post mertem examination, the lungs showed pneumonic changes and few developing larvae (4thstage). No larvae were found in the liver end intestine.The rabbits which were given an oral dose of 25,000 larvae sustained the infection and on being slaughtered60 days after giving infection, were found negative for the developinQ larvae or worm either in the lungs onintestine. The morphological studies of the 4th stage larvae recovered from the lungs were conducted.The guinea-pigs which received percutaneously 20,000-25,000 larvae either died or were slaughtered between10-60 days after giving infection. The developing 4th stage juveniles were recovered only from the lungs.None of the further developmental stages were recovered from the lungs or intestine beyond 15 days postinfection. Thus it appears that the rabbits and G. pigs are unsuitable laboratory animals for the infection ofB. trigonocephalum under normal condition.Studies on the Incidence, Ecology and Epidemiology of Haemonchus contortus of sheepand goatsA survey done on the incidence of Haemonchus contortus during the year showed that the infection ratein sheep and goats that the rate of infection is highest in the month of October, 1972 (100% sheep & 90%goats) and minimum in the month of March & July 1972.The maximum worm load during the year was studied. Here interesting thing to note is that animals canharbour 1282 worms at subclinical stag,e of the disease. Like the rate of infection, the maximum worm burdenalso gradually increased and reached maximum, in September (1282) than again gradually started declining inthe subsequent months.Studies oonducted so far on seasonal out put of eggs of Haemonchus contortus in experimental lambsshowed that e. p. g. of all the animals gradually increased from May, 1972 onwards and reached maximumin October, 1972. It started declining in the subsequent months ..In order to find out the comparative efficacy of various drugs a pilot experiment was planned on fourchemotherapeutic agents viz. Wopell, Thiabendazole, Nilverm and phenovis at various doses.The post-treatment e.p.g. fell down to the nil in case of Nilverm and Thiabendazole and 300 - 600 in caseof phenovis but in case of Wopell it remained 1800 - 3600 eggs, proving that Wapell is least effective whereasNilverm and thiabendazole can be regarded as the drugs of choice.In a collaborative project with A. G. D., e,ffarts were made to find out' the efficacy of the drug commonly usedfor deworming sheep. Pre-treatment incidence of gastrointestinal nematodes' injection in weaned lambs and adUltsheep were 95% and 70% respectively, which fell down to level of 5'0% and 31 % respectively after treating theflock with Phenovis & Nilverm. The preliminary observation have shown that Nilverm is comparatively moreeffective than Phenovis.

Studies on development of drug-resistance in poultry coccidia23Studies were extended in due drug resistance in Eimeria necatrix by continuous low. level administrationof codrinal @ 0.1 % in drinking water. Oocysts, uptill 12th subpassage, were recovered and were propagated forfurther subpassages. The work is in progress.Studies on immunological response and on radiation attenuated vaccine againstFasciola gigantica infectionWork on standardisation of radiation dose to sufficiently attenuat the metacercariae of F. gigantica was continuedin rabbits. Three groups of 4 rabbits each were infected. The metacercariae shed by naturally infected snailscollected from field were used in these experiments. Two groups were infected with metacercariae exposed to 4kr and 5 kr while the third group was a control one.It was observed that the two groups of rabbits infected with irradiated metacercariae did not show anyflukes when autopsied between 52 to 56 days after infection while in the control group, migrating and developingflukes were recovered upto 39%.To study the antibody response in the rabbits infected with F. gigantica, agar gel diffusion test was carriedout using saline extract of adult flukes as antigen. The test was standardised with hyperimmune sera raised againstthis antigen in rabbits. In the sera of experimentally infected rabbits, two precipitin lines were observed whilehyperimmune serum gave only one precipitin line.The sera collected from rabbits infected with metacercariae exposed to 4 kr and 5 kr did not give anyprecipitin lines. This further lent support that metacercariae exposed to 4 kr and 5 kr did not establish in rabbits.Further work is in progress.Studies on immunodiagnosis of cysticercosis in Pigs and coenuriasis in sheep and goatsDiagnosis of larval tapeworms infecting domestic animals is a complex problem because of cross reactionsdue to various common fractions that these larvae share. Anti-sera had been prepared in rabbits against four typesof larval tapeworms viz. hydatid, coenurus, Cysticercus tenuico/lis and C. cel/ulosae.Sera from goats naturally infected with coenurus were subjected to passive haemagglutination test. Thistest had given satisfactory results when tiied in a limited number of goats naturally infected with coenurus. Innaturally infected goats, the test gave a titre up to 1 in 2560.Studies on the subcutaneous immunization of guinea-pigs with gamma irradiated larvaeof Dictyocaulus filariaPreliminary studies on the subcutaneous immunization of guinea-pigs with gamma irradiated larvae ofDictyocaulus filaria were undertaken. A double vaccination schedule with gamma irradiated larvae of D. filariawas found to confer an acquired immune response in the guinea-pigs. Of the two irradiation doses used for theattenuation of the larvae, the 50 kr-irradiated larvae stimulated a better immune response in the host as comparedto the 40 kr irradiated larvae.Studies on the radiation attenuated vaccine with particular reference to lungworm ofsheep and goats Dictyocaulus filariaThe maintenance of pure Dictyocaulus filaria strain has been continued through serial passage in givinghealthy donor animals.

Ca} Incidence of lungworm infection24A systematic survey was conducted to ascertain the incidence and tRe pattern of disease particularly in thehilly regions of Himachal Pradesh and Jammu Kashmir. This study has shown that some areas are highly endemicwhile the others were relatively free. The infection in sheep ranges from 50 percent to 77 percent or even morein some areas. Studies on the epidemiology and incidence of lungworm infection in other areas will be continued.(b) Studies on the radiation attenuated lungworm, Dictyocaulus filaria, vaccineFollowing intensive studies on the effects of ionizing radiation on the infective larvae of lungworms, a radiationattenuated lungworm vaccine for sheep and goats was developed. The vaccine is administered orally intwo doses of 1000-2000 irradiated larvae given at an interval of four weeks. Resistance developed by thisvaccination procedure was sufficiently strong to protect lambs from an otherwise lethal infection. Field trialsinvolving over 6000 animals in the endemic areas of J & K have confirmed these findings. It's commercial useis now anticipated with considerable inierest.Cc) Immunological studiesA series of experiments was conduc~ed to study the immune response of the host following infection withnormal and irradiated larvae.Sera from lambs vaccinated with irradiated larvae and from uninfected controls were tested for circulatingantibodies by the passive haemagglutination test. It was demonstrated that fowl red blood cells counted withethanol insoluble fraction antigen were found suitable for detecting antibodies in sheep. The antibody andimmunoconglutinin response in lambs, vaGcinated with a double dose of irradiated larvae was also determined.The first dose of vaccine induced a poor response while the second dose produced a variable pattern. There wasno correlation between the humoral response and the ability of lambs to withstand challenge infection.Further studies on the antigenic make up of D. filaria worms was also conducted by means of auchterlonysagar gel diffusion technique. It was found that several precipitin lines appeared in the sera from lambsinfected with normal larvae. In sera from lambs vaccinated with irradiated larvae fewer baRds were observed.There was evidence of sharing of antigens in eggs, larvae, excretory and secretory products and the wholeworm extract.Cellular reaction against the infective larvae of D. filaria was also studied. It was concluded that peritonealcells from passively sensitized mice showed a strong adherence to the larvae. The ercytophilic andopsonic antibodies were not detected in rabbit, guinea-pig and sheep antisera.Serological studies using the agar gel precipitation test, the indirect haemagglutination test and alongwith passive immunization experiments failed to substantiate the importance of the humoral antibodies.

25DIVISION OF ANIMAL NUTRITIONInvestigations were carried out on five major projects of the Division. These projects are (1 ) FeedTechnology and Processing-Use of Agro Industrial by products as cattle feed, (2) Cattle and Buffalo nutrition,(3) Sheep and goat nutrition, (4) Pigs and laboratory animal nutrition and (5) Rumen digestion and metabolism.Besides, there is one research project which is in International collaboration under UNDP with theInternational Atomic Energy Ager,cy, Vienna. This project is on rumen digestion and metabolism. During this yearabout 18 Ph. D. scholars and 7 M. V. Sc. students are working for their Post-graduate degrees.Feed technology and processing-Use ofAgro-Industrial by-products as cattle feedDried and ground citrus peels and pulp in concentrates for ruminantsIn continuation of the experiments reported during the year 1971, experiments with lambs and buffalo-bullswere conducted. Experiments with lambs indicated that wheat bran can be replaced successfully with the driedcitrus peels on the basis of protein without any detrimental effect on the animals. There was no significantdifference on the concentration of TVFA and the nitrogen fractions in the rumen liquor of the lamb fed with thecontrol diet and the diets containing citrus peels. Experiments with bull calves showed that one-third of theconcentrate mixture can be replaced by citrus peels. The concentrate mixture consisted of one part of maize, onepart of groundnut cake and one part of bran.Studies on the utiiization of oak kernel as a grain substitute in animal feedingComparative feeding and metabolic experiments were conducted under the following two phases to assessthe nutritive value of oak kernel for livestock rations.Phase 1Ten adult sheep were randomly divided into 2 groups of. 5 each for allotment to two treatments. The sheepunder treatment 1 (control) were fed solely on oat hay. In treatment 2, 400 gm of oak kernel were offered in themorning and restricted amount of oat hay in the afternoon. This system of experimental feeding was followedbecause the animals were found reluctant to consume oak kernel if the oat hay was made available ad lib. Thebody weight of the sheep was recorded at fortnightly intervals. After the preliminary feeding of 45 daysmetabolic experiments were conducted.Phase 2On completion of phase 1, the sheep in treatment 1 were fed with 300 gm of maize against the averageamount of oak kernel consumed by the sheep under treatment 2 of phase 1. The sheep on oak kernels were fed300 gm of oak kernels during this period. After a period of 30 days, metabolism trial was conducted.From the comparative digestibility trials, it was observed that digestibility on crude fibre and protein wasdepressed whereas digestibility of soluble carbohydrate was not affected. The urine of sheep under (Jakkernel feeding was found to be flaky. The body weight of the animal on oak kernel was depressed. The energyvalue of the oak kernel was about 55% of the maize. Oak kernel cannot be used as sole source of concentrate.Utilization of Sea-weeds as cattle feed'1The chemical analysis of the sample of sea weed meal received from Mis Cellulose by-products of Indiaindicates that it Gontains crude protein 13.2%, ether extract 0.72%, crude fibre 10%, calcium 5.58%, phosphorus0.84%, total ash 33.72% and soluble ash 24.!'i4%.

26Since the ash content in this sample is very high, it cannot be used as roughage source. Therefore, studiesare being conducted to utilize this sea weed as a source of mineral supplement. The studies are in progress.Cattle and Buffalo NutritionEffect of varying roughage to concentrate ratio on the growth perfomance of CrossbredheifersExperiment. under phase 1 to 3 fram birth to 13 months age on cross-bred calves raised on limited milkintake pertaining to Holstein x Hariana, Brown Swiss x Hariana and Jersey x Hariana have been reported in theyear 1971. During phase 4, it was planned to take 13 months old heifers of all the 3 crosses and feed th~m on 3levels of concentrate allowance, namely 1 .0, 1.5 and 2 kg of concentrate mixture per head per day with ad libgreen maize or alike fodders upto 7 months of pregnancy. Eight heifers each of Jersey and Brown Swiss crosseswere selected for the study. These animals were randomised into 2 groups with 4 heifers of each cross in twogroups. These groups were fed 1 kg and 2 kg of concentrate allowance with ad lib feeding of maize fodder.Since maize was not available throughout, jowar/bajra/oats were fed to the animals in an entire period of 240days. The Brown Swiss crosses have grown at the rate of 473 gm and Jersey animals have grown at the rate of411 gm per head per day. There was no significant difference in the growth of these animals on either ofthe treatments. Further studies are in progress.Studies on growth rate and carcass quality of buffalo calves as influenced by differentplanes of nutritionPart of the report has already been presented during the year 1971. Twenty four male calves of 8 monthsage were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups. Two grossly divergent rations that is a concentrate basedration containing 80 parts concentrates and 20 parts straw and the all roughage ration containing 80 parts legumeand 20 parts straw were selected for the studies. Each of the two rations were fed at 2 levels of feeding-fullfeeding and 75% of the full feeding. After attaining the live weight of 300 kg the animals were slaughtered fortheir carcass quality. Six metabolism trials were also conducted under each treatment.Animals fed all concentrate rations attained slaughter weight of 300 kg in about 16-18 months of age witha dressing percentage of 53-55%, whereas those fed all roughage, rations pttained slaughter weights in 20-24months of age with a dressing percentage of 49-51 %.Investigation on the utilization of farm grown fodder for milk production in cattle andbuffaloesThe main objective was to study the effect of replacing concentrate mixture by farm grown nutritiousfodder for economic milk production. Twelve lactating cattle and buffaloes after the parturation were selected anddivided into 2 groups (6 each of cattle and buffaloes) on the basis of age, body weight and number of lactationand the animals were fed according to the Morrisons standard. In group one in each species upto 8 kg of milkproduction, the animals were given berseemjlucerne/cowpea and in group 2 the rations were based onconcentrate mixture and wheat straw. The study was conducted for complete lactation. Three trials in each speciesin each treatment were conducted according to the stage of lactation.In general, the results indicate that green fodder based ration gave better milk yield irrespective of thespecies. The effiCiency of land utilised for milk production by adopting various crop rotations have been calculated.Effect of various planes of nutrition on the growth of Holstein x Hariana and HarianacalvesThe objective of this project was to d~termine the optimum growth rate of cross-bred calves and Harianacalves fed 100%, 115% and 130% of the NRC requirements. In all 36 calves (18 cross-bred and 18 Hariana) at 3months of age were selected for the experim~ )ts. It was observed that zebu calves consumed upto the extent of

27115% of NRC requirements whereas crossbred consumed 136% ,of NRC requirements leading to superior growthin the cross-bred calves. Metabolism trials have been conducted and balances of energy, proteins and mineralshave been determined.Studies on buffalo nutritionThe study has been divided into 3 phases. In phase 1, the newly born calves will be reared on limited milkintake with ad lib calf starters upto 3 months of age. In phase 2, the buffalo calves will,he fed on 3 differentlevels of protein to determine the optimum pniltein requirement upto 9 months of age and in phase 3, the growthstudies will be continued from 9 months to maturity.Twenty four newiy born buffalo calves were procured from Military Dairy Farm of Bareilly and Lucknow.These animals were divided into 2 groups and were fed 150 kg of milk in 90 days and 100 kg of milk in 45 dayswith ad lib calf starters and greens. From 8 calves rumen liquor and blood were also collected fortnightly whichwas analysed for VFA and glucose respectively. The concentration of VFA in the rumen liquor showed a rapidincrease, in the second fortnight. The growth siudies are in progress.Studies on trace elementsSamples of feeds and fodders were collected from various farms and other areas of Jammu and KashmirState for determining the trace elements content in the feeds of hilly region. Simultaneously blood samples werealso collected for the analysis.Sheep and Goat NutritionEffect of protected proteins on the growth rate of lambs and mutton productionPart of the work has already been reported during the year 1971 whe,re it was observed that protecting thegroundnut cake protein with formaldehyde helps in the better utilization of ground nut cake protein when it is fedat' a lower level. During the present series of experiment~ it was planned to determine the effect of growth rate offeeding the protected groundnut cake protein at a higher level of concentrate feeding. In this case 4 groups oflambs having 5 animals in each group were selected when they were of 1 ~ months of age and were fed the 4treatments. In treatment 1, formaldehyde treated GNC was incorporated in concentrate mixture. In treatment2, 50% of fomaldehyde treated groundnut cake was replaced by fish meal. In treatment 3, untreated groundnutcake was fed. In treatment 4, untreated groundnut cake was fed according to the protein requirementof NRC. Animals on groundnut cake protein protected with fomaldehyde grew faster than the other two groupswhere untreated groundnut cake was fed but growth was better because of more higher intake of nutrientsrather than better utilization of protein.Effect of different forage to concentrate ratio on the growth and carcass composition oflambsIn this study 4 levels of concentrate to wheat straw were studied to observe the growth rate in lambs.These ratios were 90:10, 80:20, 70:30 and 0:100 concentrate and rou,ghage respectively. In the last group theroughage, was dub hay. Eighty eight animals were taken and were divided into 4 groups containing 22 animals ineach group. These animals were of about 1 ~ months of age. The composition of the concentrate mixture wasmaize 50 parts, groundnut cake 25 parts, wheat bran 12.5 parts, meat-cum-bone meal 12.5 parts, common salt1 patt and _mineral mixture 2 parts; concentrate mixture was fortified with vitablend. In trial of 138 days theanimals grew at the rate of 97 gm, 98 gm, 72 gm and 57 gm per'he~d per day with a dressing percentage of53, 52, 53 and 49% on empty body weight. SImultaneously metabolic trials 'were also conducted.

Bumper barley crop as source of good quality fodder.Nlltrition and metab_olism liQuid scintillation spect ..... ro~m"'e,.._,t""e.:..: r.'--_______ ___J

A Press Party on a round of the Agricultural Farm .Good quality fodder for Livestock of the Institute.

28Pig Nutrition'Nutritional studies with sal-seed meal as a component of finishing rations in the largewhite Yorkshire pigsIn the present study, an attempt was made to incorporate the deoiled salseed meal in the rations offinishing pigs and determine the feeding of deoiled salseed meal on growth rate and efficiency of feed utilization.Consequently, 12 female weaned piglets were divided into 3 groups on the basis of age, littermate andbody weight. They were fed upto 5 months on the same rations. After 5 months, group 1 was fed with thecontrol ration containing 60% yellow maize which was replaced by deoiled sal seed meal by 50% and 100% intreatments 2 and 3 respectively. There was no significant effect on the growth rate but the animals fed with thedeoiled salseed meal had poor feed efficiency. The animals fed with deoiled salseed meal has less digestibility ofprotein. The energy value which was determined in the present trial was about 55% of the maize.Growth and carcass studies of large white, large white x landrace cross-bred, andlandrace breedsIn this project it is envisaged to study the growth rate and efficiency of feed consumption at three differentphysiological stages, namely weaning of 50 kg body weight, 50- 70 kg body weight, 70.:90 kg body weight, todetermine the economic stage of slaughtering these animals for economic return in three breeds. The growth ratehas been observed in the large White Yorkshire pig which was 446 and 444 gm beiween weaning to 50, 50-70and 70-90 kg body weight. The feed efficiency during this particular period was 3.4, 4.0 and 4.5. Studies withlandrace breeds are in progress.Rumen Digestion and MetabolismStudies on the utilization of various types of roughages in cattle and buffaloesThirty two male growing calves, 16 each of zebu cattle and buffaloes of about 1 t to 2 years of age weretaken for the study. In all five experiments were conducted. In each experiment 3-4 animals of each species ofsame age and body weight were taken. One animal in each group was having a permanent fistula in the rumen.Digestibility trials were conducted and at the end of digestibility trial VFA production rates were determined byisotope dilution technique. There was no significant difference in the digestibility of proximate principle inboth the species of animals. The concentration and production rates of total volatile fatty acids were similar inboth the species.Preliminary studies on the use of liquid diets containing urea and molasses for thegrowth production of buffalo calves and cross-bred calvesThe objective of this experiment was to investigate the feasibility of using urea as liquid diet for growthproduction in buffalo and cross-bred calves. The animals were fed with urea molasses mixture containing 2.5%of urea to molasses, 2% mineral mixture and 1% salt with a limited quantity of roughage which was given at therate of 600 to 700 gm dry matter per 100 kg of body weight The limited amount of intact protein 300-500 gmwas also fed. It was observed that animals grew at a normal rate depending upon the species of animalsinvolved.

29DIVISION OF POULTRY RESEARCHForewardDuring the year under report, the stress in poultry research in this Division is essentially on the successfulimplementation of the two All India Coordinated Research Proiects on poultry for egg and poultry for meat. Theentire scientific staff in Genetics and Breeding besides those engaged in Poultry Nutrition research are required towork for those two projects. The results obtained are very satisfactory. Furthermore, the Division is also engagedin teaching and training of ten final year M. V. Sc. (Poultry Science) and eleven previous year M. V. Sc. studentsand four Doctoral Fellows and one post Doctoral Fellow in different disciplines. The main results of researchconducted during 1972 are outlined below.ResearchThe two All India Coordinated Research Projects have yielded very satisfactory results. The I. V. R. I.White Leghorn strain has been adjudged by the Evaluation Committee as one of the important laying strains tobe used in the All India Coordinated Research Project by the different participating centres of the project. Therandom sample laying test conducted by the Government of India at Bangalore has also shown similar results forthis strain.Similarly, the cross between the indigenously available White Cornish and New Hampshire, developedat this Division has given an average live weight of about 1 kg. This is very near the projected live weight of1500 g at 10 weeks of age and further work on improving the broiler stra ins is underway.The projects in the area of Poultry Nutrition are reoriented to fit into the general pattern of All IndiaCoordinated Research Projects on poultry for eggs and Poultry for meat. The optimum levels of protein andenergy for broiler growth were determined in two experiments. Results showed that optimum growth in pure bredbroiler strains was obtained with protein levels ranging from 21-24% at a calorie: Protein range of 128-143. Ofthe three breeds compared (White Cornish, White Rock and New Hampshire) as suitable base p'opulation forbroiler selection on the basis of body weight responses, White Cornish proved to be the choicest. In another_series of experiments, it was observed that the protein as well as energy requirements of broilers are influencedby the seasons. Duri'ng summer months, less energy but more protein were needed while in winter and rainyseasons, a slightly lower protein level but higher energy content were more efficient in yielding maximal broilergrowth. Preliminary experiments involving variable levels of Vitamin A content in broiler rations indicate that foroptimal broiler growth, a maximum allowance of about 3000 IU of vitamin A per kilogram of diet was adequateas against a recommendation of 6000 I.U. by the I.S.1. Further experiments to confirm this finding are in progresswith layers, growing chicken and broiler with a view to evolve suitable formulation, which can be adopted by theprivate poultry producers and commercial feed manufacturers. A series of feeding trials emplying deoiled salseedmeal conclusively proved that this material could be utilized at a level of 5% in the laying rations as a source ofenergy. Since this product is much cheaper than yellow maize which it replaces, the cost of the ration could beproportionally reduced thus helping the poultry producer in economizing on the feed.Research on poultry marketing has received attention during this year. The investigations have shownthat high temperature coupled with humidity brings about egg quality deterioration within two days as a result ofdissolution of thick white. It was found that this could be prevented by oil spraying of eggs with a colourless,odourless mineral oil. The process for preparation of dried albumin granules has been standardized. Thiswould help efficient utilization of discarded and substandard eggs into a useful material which has many industrialapplications, besides being a protein source in human dietaries. Efforts have also been made to standardize

Modern laying Pens.

A very highquality Holstein Bull being used for cross breeding work at the Institute: .Hariana X Holstein Cross-breed progeny for more milk.

the cond;tions for manufacture of chicke I has a high potential in protein supply ano also in'1" h n sausage., f d . k' .uti IZlng t e meat from old and culled birds' t .. ~uman 00. Further, quality control wor IS In. In a a nutrltl~progress f or stonng cured chickens , dressed b'l rOI ers an, .• n sausage.A pilot experiment in the area of PQultr h . I \owed that hatchability of eggs could be hastenedy P YSIO C M h' . . b . I d .yours y providing a 40-W bulb d' . " are researc activities are elng p anne to giveb 48 . h bunng Incutmaximum support to the development of high yielding I in the projects on poultry for meat and eggs.Other activities including extensionI. Besides r~gular activity, the Division has sUpplie logical material by wrty of embryonated eggs andchicken of vanous age groups t d'ff . .. "Institute. In all, about 20,000 embryonated eggso I erent 01VlSIonw:re prepared and supplied as experimental material to Divisions during this year. About t 3,000 day-oldchicks were also supplied Chick Sexing T ... parted as a routine to all our N.D.P.H. and M.V.Sc.. . raining IS beau try SCience) students but the tra'lnl'ngrs was temporarily withheld due to non-availabilityof (P space I dUring.this year.'About 510 tcoursefto aas prepared to meet the requirements of birds in•• L.. ___ •• 1 •• ~. • •• Ult:: fJUUlLry farm beslaes the experimental ones diets.0 poultry This f have cost tbe Institute . Rs. 3,89,069 had it beenbought from commercial firms but by preparing it oursel a net saving of Rs. 6,300 was realized.IThe Di~ision is also engaged in actively advisin try farmers on matters of poultry feeding, managementand allied aspects. Analytical and I't g work is also l:Indertaken at the request of private. qua, y coparties. About 100 samples of feed and feed' ed' received from different states in India were analysedand the concerned people were advised appropria;:I~~ I nical advice for formulation and quality control ofpoultry feeds has also been rendered to var'lo . ever we were requested.us partiesThe Technology Section of this Divisio h d and sold about 6667 kgs of dressed chicken. lheExp . n as proce 'enmental Poultry Farm produced a total of 5,47,000 J out of which .4,86,613 were disposed off as tableeggs. The total amount realized f'rom the sale of table ell and dressed btrds was about Rs. 1,00,227.

31DIVISION OF lANIMAL GENETICSA completely new freezing technique has tindigenous materials. This has been developed Spl een evolved at the Division of Animal Genetics using onlynamed 'Tupol-IVRI' (Tube polythene) and has sho~ cificalfy to suit field conditions. The new method has been60 per c~nt in buffalo and bull semen respectively. n a recovery rate even after two months storage at 50 andThe 'Tupol' freezing operations are extrelsealing at present is of the order of 500 doses per ely sim.ple and can be adopted even in villages. The rate ofThe 'Tupol' method will also obviate the use of ins( hour which can be considerably increased with automation.have been completed on 502 buffalo cows and 421 tmination gun and disposable catheter. Field trials with 'Tupol'lpercentage conception rate was 40.38 in the field case.s. were followed u~ an~ ~iagnosed for pregnancy. Themethod was given to 275 buffalo cows, out of whh condition. A control uSing "quid semen under conventionalception rate with liquid semen in the same area wa h 261 were followed up for pregnancy. The average cons40.6%.A programme of pilot testing of buffalo bdeveloped at r.V.R.r. is being automatised. ull semen is being taken up on mass scale. The techniqueIn the area of evolving a new breed of cattleduced out of which 221 are males and 206 are ferT so far 390 first crosses, 37 second crosses have been prorentbreed groups and the average milk production ales. So far 38 first crosses have come in milk in three diffestein,Brown Swiss and Jersey crosses. The secO! oer day is 8.53 kg, 8.28 kg and 7.34 kg respectively for Holproposedthat all the three breeds wili be combined d grade crosses will be available by the end of next year. It iswith Hariana to produce a new breed of cow by 1978.A ,sheep unit comprising of 1400 ewes has t.by crossing Muzaffarnagri ewes with Dorset and Sc een organised to produce a new breed of mutton type sheepalso in progress. So far 404 have been born and i uth Down breeds. Additionarry trials with Corridale rams are'e being studied for growth, feed efficiency and productionTransferring polymmphism was studied in H .were recorded out Qf which phenotypes having 1 Istein x Sahiwal crosses. Seventeen transferrin phenotypesarreles were present in low frequency in the crossb F and TfE were more frequent in native cattle while thesecompared to exotic and crossbreds. ~ds. The Tf allele D1 , O2 were very low in native breeds as

32DIVISION OF PATHOLOGYThe activities of this Division have been concentrated in building diagnostic services with effective diagAostictechniques including diagnostic reagents, problem-oriented animal health research and educational and specializedtraining programmes. These activities do not only provide comparative investigational research in areas of diseaseoccurrence but could also be expected to develop a potential source in generating an educational environmentfor the young budding scientists so as to establish a team of expertise in disease problems of different livestockspecies. To cite for example, the headway made through the research on recently recognized Marek'sdisease has led to the development of quick and precise diagnostic techniques with ultimate goals, ofdeveloping an ideal vaccine and consequently a training programme in the form of a Summer Institute inAvian Pathology was organised. The outcome of the results have also led to space a national seminar onMarek's disease under the auspices of Government of India in a very near future during 1973.The integrated use of different disciplines of pathology in the development of the diagnostic competencyform a main bais of the organizational set up of this Divisi()n. At the same time, an insight has alwaysbeen kept to concentrate on research projects which have posed priority in view of their emerging nature_and causing a likely threat to livestock industry.To a large extent, these functions are a natural outgrowth of the research competency which thelaboratories have to develop for avoiding economic loss due to problem diseases of emerging and exoticnature. Keeping in view these facts, the work in different laboratories of the Division has to keep pace inidentifying the disease problems to broaden the basis of operation at different levels in an endeavour to formulateways for diminishing the losses due to disease problems and prov1de appropriate health cover.Ameliorative measures against fluorosis in animalsIt was proposed to undertake experimental studies to assess the comparative ameliorative effects ofchlorides of calcium, magnesium and aluminium" which have been claimed by sonie' workers to have sucheffect against fluorosis.The experimental feeding of 21 bovine male calves was initiated in January, 1972 after the receiptof the animals and various requisite chemicals in bulk. Earlier the animals were fed normal routine rationwithout any supplementation for nearly 4-5 months. Towards the close of the period and prior to supplementingthe diet with NaF and amelioratives, urinary and blood samples of all the 21 growing bovine calveswere collected. Levels of calcium (9.2 to 11.5 mg/100 ml serum) and inorganic phosphate (5.0 to 8.5mg/100 ml blood) were normal. Rate of fluorine excretion through urine was between 5.0 and 7.8 ppm(average being 6.34 ppm).Three months after the commencement of the above feeding schedule, blood and urinary sampleswere again collected.Inorganic phosphate and alkaline phosphate contents of the blood/serum sampleswere normal and did not show any variation due to different supplementation schedule.Most authorities on the subject agree that apart fromfluorosis, is the urinary concentration of fluorine.the lesions, which might become manifest ofNeither the clinical signs nor the histopathological changes are of themselves sufficient to permit a firmdiagnosis of chronic fluorosis. The urinary concentration of fluorine in all the 21 experimental ca Ives duringthe pre-experimental stage was 5·8 ppm (av. 6.3 ppm).It was observed that the average contents of theurine due to supplementation could rise least (by 1 to 2 ppm) in the groups fed AI 2Cl o as ameliorative,Whereas in the control group (without any ameliorative) the average value of urinary fluorine concentration

33nearly trippled (or increased by 10 ppm). Magnesium chloride at higher level of administration wasalso virtually as much effective as AI 2 Cl o• The average values for the remaining three groups (fed CaCI 2, at higherand lower levels, and MgCI 2 at lower level) were found to be intermediary. Total F excretion also followednearly the same pattern, i. e. being the least in groups fed AI 2 Cl o a nd higher level of MgCI 2 , highest inthe group fed no ameliorative and intermediary for the other groups.While any of the animals fed NaF and one or the other ameliorative simultaneously has so far not shownany clinical signs of chronic fluorosis, two of the three control group animals have developed localisedexostoses on the metacarpal/metatarsal bones, and the third calf of this group appears to have similar lesionsin diffuse form.The daily ingestion of fluorine through the concentrate mixture and greens (20-25 mg/day) as well aswater (30-50 mg/day) varied between 50 to 70 mJ. At this level of intake the cattle excreted above 15-20 mgof F through urine.Thus, the experimental calves received in all about 600 mg of F daily, out of which 540 mg was fed asNaF, a compound from which the animal can readily assimilate fluorine as compound to certain other compoundsof fluorine. Further wQrk is in pr.gress.Arterial Diseases in ruminants (goats)In this year biochemical studies were taken up in respect of various lipids and total protein, both in serumand different arterial tissues of fibrous plaque.The materials for this purpose were collected from thirty goats Hom similar lot used for previous study.About 15.0% of the animals were in varying stages of pregnancy. Prior to slaughter, by random sampling15-20 goats were numbered on the day of slaughter and blood from these animals were collected to obtain serumsamples. The aorta, its corresponding heart and head were also collected after slaughter. Varying degree ofgross sclerotic lesions (1-100) in the form of fibrous plaque in these aortas were seen. Similar materials from10 goats having no visible gross I~sions (fibrous plaque) in aortas were employed as control for this' stUdy.Coronary arteries were dissected out from the coronary grooves whereas cerebral arteries (basilar andcircle of Willis) were collected from the base of the brain. All these materials from both the control as well aspositive cases wer~ stored in deeJi) freeze at -20°C for further use.The various serum lipids fractions viz. phospholipid, sterol, free fatty acids, triglyceride and cholesterolesters were adequately separated on thin layer chromatograms both in control and positive groups. An extraspot could be visualized between the spots of sterol and free fatty acids. The chromatograms of aortic lipidsresembled those of serum except that the spot of free fatty acids was not so distinct as the other spots. Almosta similar observation could be made out in coronary al,ld cerebral arterial tissue.A resemblance between the lipid/phospholipid pattern of caprine arterial tissue, caprine serum and bovineaortic tissue and bovine serum could be observed.So far medial defects (Gomplete type) and fibrous plaque have been observed in the renal arteri~s.

34Pathology of Respiratory DiseasesDuring the period under report. study was undertaken to know if LB. vaccination produces any untowardeffect in the respiratory and urinogenital system of the birds. For this purpose, two batches of formalin preservedspecimens were received. Iii the first batch seven specimens were from chicks vaccinated with LB. vaccineat day old and sacrificed at 4-5 weeks of age. The chick after vaccination had no respiratory or any othersymptoms. Four specimens were from, unvaccinated control of 5 weeks of age. In the second batch, eightspecimens were received from LB. vaccinated chicks and four were unvaccinated control.Histological examination of lung. trachea. air sac and kidneys revealed no significant difference betweenI.B. vaccinated and control groups of specimens.Studies on Marek's Disease(1) Study on pathogenesis of MD isolatesIt was taken up with an objective to study the difference in tissue reaction in respect of acute and classicaiMD virus prevalent in QUi country. One day old chicks were inoculated intra-abdominally with MD infectedblood and observed for 12 weeks. The results indicate the involvement of nervous tissue more withclassical strain, whereas chicks inoculated with acute strain showed visceral organ involvement inaddition to lesions in the nervous tissue. Lesions developed first in the skin. The lesions in skin of chicksinoculated with acute strain appeared as early as 11 days post-inoculation (DPI) and were more marked ascompared to classical strain inoculated chicks where lesions in skin appeared on 21 DPI.Localisation of immunofluorescent antigen (IF) in the skin of inoculated chicks was done by fluorescentantibody (FA) techinque. I F antigen was observed in skin of chicken inoculated with acute as well asclassical MD strain. sacrificed from 14 DPI to 88 DPI. The concentration of IF antigen in the skin of cruralregion was more than brachial region.(2) Study on pathology on contact infectionIn view of contagious nature of MD isolates, an attempt was made to establish the contact infection in oneday old chicks. Contact donors chickens for acute as well as for classical type of disease were in between28-42 days old. The clinical signs of paralysis in acute MD type in receipient chicks appeared as early as 6th daywhile in classical MD type it came on 54th day. The intake of the disease in recipi~nt chicks were moreas compared to those inoculated with acute and classical MD infected blood.(3) Embryo inoculation studyExperiment was undertaken to study the specific tissue changes in embryos with MD isolates to providea repeatable means of diagnosis. The infective blood was inoculated into 4 and 5 days embryos by yolk sacroute.Control embryos were inoculated with blood obtained from cocks of MD free flock.Tissues from inoculated as well as control embryos which died after 8 DPI were collected for histopathologicaland immunofluorescent studies. Gross lesions were observed on liver spleen and CAM. Histopathologicallythe CAM exhibited gelatinous oedema of the mesoderm. appearance of haemopoeitic centres, accumulationof pleomorphi,c round cells and a few heterophils with occasional proliferation of ectoderm. II) majority of casesskin presented lesions characterised by accumulation of pleomorphic cells near the feather follicles (FF). Nerveshad oedema, degeneration or neuritis and accumulation of a few round cells. Bursa showed marked degenerationof lymphoid follicles and infiltration of large number of heterophils which in some cases were replacingthe follicular areas. Changes in liver and spleen were that of degeneration which resulted in frank necrosis insome of them.

35FA technique was applied to see the localisation of IF antigen in embryonic tissues. IF antigen wasobserved in majority of the embryonic heart tissue after 14 DPI. Liver, skin, spleen and CAM showed thepresence of IF antigen inconstantly. In chicks, hatched from inoculated embryos, the IF antigen was presentconstantly in all the organs under study. No IF antigen was noticed in embryonic tissues inoculated with bloodfrom MD free chicken.Studies on Avian EncephalomyelitisSix day-old chicken embryos obtained from flock reared in isolation were inoculated by the yolk sacroute' with 0.2 ml of 1 : 10 AE saline-brain-suspension. Simultaneously, 3 to 5 uninoculated and inoculatedcontrols were also incubated. The inoculated and control embryos were opened on the '18th day of incubation.The gross changes of AE in the embryos were marked stunting muscular dystrophy and oedema of the head andneck muscles.So far 15 chicken embryos passages have been made and by the 15th passage a 50% take has beenrecorded. Further work is in progress.Studies on Mortality in Small Laboratory AnimalsDuring the year under report, postmortem examination of 2061 small laboratory animals of various speciesthat died in the Institute was conducted.(a)Mortality pattern amongst loboratory miceMortality pattern amongst laboratory mice was studied during the period under report and the variouspathological conditions were encountered on postmortem examination of 1490 mice.(1) Splenomegaly and HepatitisThe most important entity encountered was hepatitis and splenomegaly which accounted for 524 cases.Detailed investigation of some of the cases revealed salmonella infection. Gross and histopathological examinationsrevealed involvement of liver and spleen.(2) Pneumonia in micePneumonia was encountered in 266 cases. Morbid material on histopathological examination revealedin some cases widespread areas of bronchopneumonia with necrosis and perivascular accumulation of mononuclearc.3l1s and plasma cells. Bacteriological examination revealed the presence of Mycoplasma, Staphylococcusaureus, Corynebacterium pyogenes and Pasteurella sp.(3) Spontaneous mammary carcinomaSix cases of spontaneo'us mammary carcinoma were encountered for the first time from the mice colonysince the project was started. Eight cases of such tumours were observed some years back. The tumoursvarying in size from amarble to an areca-nut were observed in female breeder mice and were nodular on palpation.Detailed gross and histopathological studies were conducted. Further work is in progress.(4) Leukaemia (Thymic Lymphosarcoma)Leukaemia was observed in five breeder mice (four female and one male). The prominent feature was alarge thymic tumour filling out most of the chest cavity with concomitant enlargement of $pleen and liverwithout any pathologic changes in the blood. Lymph nodes were not enlarged. Microscopic studies wereconducted. Further work is in progress.

36(5) Spontaneous Adenocarcinoma of the lungA mouse showed tumourous nodules in the lung on postmortem examination. On histopathologicalexamination, the tumour Was identified as adenocarcinoma of the lung. !t had its origin from the lining cells ofbronchi composed of columnar cells replacing most of lung parenchyma with intrapulmonary dissemination.(6) Miscellaneous and other conditionsMiscellaneous and other conditions consisted of cases of enteritis, nephritis, ascites, abscess in the axillary,region, cannibalism, Haembartonella infection and anomalies. An unusual anomaly characterized by the completeabsence of left fore-limb and left pectoral girdle was encountered in one untreated mouse. In one mouse, heartblood smears revealed organisms morphologically indistinguishable from Haembartonella muris mussuli.(b) Mortality pattern in laboratory ratsOn postmortem examination of 145 rats, various pathological conditions were encountered:(1) Pneumonia in iatsPneumonia was the most important condition observed in rats.collected for histo-pathological and bacteriological examinations.(c) Mortality pattern in rabbitsMorbid material from ten cases wasVarious pathological conditions were encountered on postmortem examination of 221 rabbits.Amongst the various conditions encountered, microscopical examination revealed intestinal coccidiosistaking the highest toll in most of the cases.(d)Mortality pattern amongst guinea-pigsOn postmortem examination of 205 guinea-pigs, various pathological conditions were observed.(1) PseudotuberculosisDuring the month of June, 1972, an increasing and unusual mortality was noticed in guinea-pigs. Onpostmortem, histopathological and bacteriological examination, the cause of mortality was ascertained as pseudotuberculosis.(2) Hepatitis and splenomegalyAnother important entity encountered in rats was hepatitis and splenomegaly. During the period underreport, morbi,d material from 14 cases was examined. The gross and histopathological picture was similar to oneobserved in mice. Bacteriological examination revealed organisms morphologically, culturally and biochemicallyindistinguishable from Salmonella sp. in five cases only. The necessary cultures have been sent for serotyingand the results are awaited.(3) Spontaneous reticulum cell sarcomaIn three rats tumorous growths involving brachial and axillary lymph nodes, mesentery, lungs, spleen andkindney were noted.(4) Spontaneous mammary tumoursTwo tumorous growths of varying sizes were observed.(5) Miscellaneous conditionsThese consisted of cases of ascites, pyaemia and abscess in the groin.

37(6) Miscellaneous and other conditionsSome cases of hepatitis on histopathological examination.showed pericellular and intracellular fibrosis~ ...,indicating some toxic condition. Ringworm was observed in one guinea-pig and microscopical examinationrevealed the presence of Trichrophyton sp.Studies on the Pathology of Ovine livers. , 'IDuring the present survey over 6000 livers from sheep of different age groups were exairliried forevidence of microscopic abnormalities. From these, 408 livers were collected in 1 0% formal~saline forhistopathological studies and a few in absolute alcohol for glycogen.Of these, 29 livers (7.10%) failed to reveal any miscroscopic lesions and were considered as "normal".Eight and six livers showed changes associated with cloudy swelling and fatty changes respectively. Twolivers revealed changes associated with the presence of lipofuscin and melanin pigments. Livers were bluish tobluish-black in colour and pigments were encountered in the hepatic cells of centri!obu!ar region, and inthe hepatic cells of centrilobular region, and in the hepatic cells surrounding the biliary triads. Pigments wereacid fast to Z.N's., PAS positive, positive for silver reactions by Fontana's stained with oil red 0 and werebleached completely in about 20 days by 10% hydrogen peroxide, but were negative for iron and bile pigments.Pigments gave positive characteristics for both melanin and lipofuscin. Such a condition has notbeen recorded from sheep from India and is the first record of its kind.Two livers showed occurrence of hepatomas. Growths were of tennis ball size situated over visceralsurface of diaphragmatic lobe. Histopathological studies were conducted.Eleven livers showed lesions associated with nobulflr hyperplasia. Cells showed extensive fatty changes.In a few, abscesses and/or necrosis with or without organisms were encountered in the areas to the neigh.bourhood of these lesions....Sixteen livers showed evidence of abscesses which resembled granulomas.by a well developed fibrous tissue capsule and were with or without organisms.Lesions were surroundedNine livers had changes associated with amphistdmiasis. Livers were enlarged with thickened anddilated bile ducts and packed with parasites. Microscopic changes were conducted.Some of these specimens examined histochemically for glycogen revea.led that, in general, there wasgeneral depletion of glycogen in the liver. Hyperplastic bile ducts contained PAS positive material withsimilar materials within the body of parasites.Fifty five livers showed changes associated with cysticercosis. Besides this, some of the lesions also showedabscesses, fascioliasis and schistosomiasis as additional lesions. Ninety eight livers showed occurranceof fascioliasis. Livers were hard to cut with thickened and dilated bile ducts. Changes produced by adultparasites were mostly confined to intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. In addition, this infestation wasalso associated with cysticercosis, schistosomiasis and hydatidosis in a few livers.One hundred and seven livers showed evidence of schistosomiasis. Monolobular cirrhosis and pseudolobulationwere the additional features. Besides these, this infestation was associated with abscesses,amphistomiasis, cysticercosis, fascioliasis and hydatidosis in a few livers. Some of these specimens examinedfor glycogen showed a general depletion.Sixty five livers showed the occurrence' of hydatidosi:;, In addition, this infestation was also as..sociatedWith abscesses, cysticercosis, fascioliasis and schistosomiasis in a few livers.

38Studies on the Pathology of Mammary-Glands of GoatsThe present studies were undertaken to elucidate the various pathological conditions and the degree oftheir involvement met within apparently healthy goats slaughtered for meat.Thirty eight glands were subjected to bacteriological examination.On histological examination, 88 were considered normal being at different stages of lactation or induration,but revealed two important features. Thirteen glands showed corp'ora amylacia, seven apocrine metaplasiaand in two presence or corpora amylacia and apocrine metaplasia. The remaining 64 quarters revealed variouschanges.Of these, pathological conditions, "cystic disease", "epitheliosis", "fibroadenoma", "Iipofibro-adenoma"and "intraductal carcinoma" have not been reported previ ously from any part of the world, and these constitutethe first records in this species.Studies on the Pathology of Neoplastic disease in chickenDuring the course of present studies, 5,700 autopsied birds were examined for neoplastic conditionsat Indian Veterinary Research Institute and Military butchery. From this 268 specimens, suspected forneoplastic growths were collected in 10% formol-saline for histological examination. Of these, 215 werefound positive for neoplastic growths on histological examination.Of these, 41 specimens accounted for Avian Leucosis Complex only.observed, whereas the rest were of the lymphoid type.One case of myeloid leucosis wasFemale genital system, showed the highest incidence for tumours whereas respiratory system, myscyloskeletalsystem and skin had the lowest incidence,. Involvement of various organs was also studied.Of the various neoplastic diseases, leiomyomas of the oviduct and mesosalpinx had the highest incidence.A first case of 'car~iriosarcoma' was observed in the well of the oviduct from this country. The 0 tumourwas rounded in outline. The cancerous epithelial cells resembled those seen in the oviduct with diffuse neoplasticchange in the supporting connective tissue stroma.Tw~ cases of 'carcinoma leiomyomatosum' were observed.Adenocarcinomas involving the ovary (1 case), oviduct (9 cases) and metastatic growths (14 cases) wereencountered and detailed studies were carried out. Five granulosa cells tumours of ovary were recorded and itsgrowth pattern studied. One case of the coma was recorded which is the first record in avian species. Grossand microscopic studies were conducted.Liver showed two neoplasms of blood vessels; one was benign type (cavernous haemangioma) and theother a malignant haemangioma. One bile-duct adenoma was also encountered in the liver, characterised byproliferating immature bile ducts replacing the normal liver parenchyma. Growth was focal and no metastasiswas observed.Fibrosarcomas originating from the epicardium of heart was observed.No metastasis was observed.One case of histiocytic cell sarcoma originating from the striated muscles surrounding the tibia characterisedby uniform swelling, and the cut surface being greyish-white to greyish-brown in colour was observed.Microscopically, the growth consisted of round cells which had their origin in mesenchymal or reticular cells,replacing the muscle tissue. - -

Post-Mortem examination39Disease Diagnostic and Investigations Services(a)Domestic animals: Caprine 748, bovine (above one year of age) 244, Bovine (below one year of age)108, Equine 3, Ovine 718, Swine 380 and Canine 5 : Total-2206.(b) Poultry: A Total number of 11487 birds were necropsied and various disease conditions wereobserved.Diagnostic servicesA total number of 352 tissue specimens in f~rmalin were received from various parts of the country forhistopathological diagnosis and various disease conditions were encountered.Fifteen sera samples were received for serological test for Marek's disease by agar gel precipitation test.Out of these, 6 sera samples were found to be positive for MD antibodies.Apart from pouitry, about 200 tissue specimens from various species of zoo birds were received forhistopathological diagnosis. About 100 of them have been processed and examined.Morbid materials from mice, rats, rabbits and guinea-pigs was examined which revealed different diseaseconditions.Material received from outside for diagnosis: large animalsMaterial in respect of 387 animals was subjected to histopathological examination and the results werecommunicated to the concerned parties.Small laboratory animalsHistopathological examination of 173 specimens was done.Microbiological and Serological ExaminationsMaterial was received from 73 large and 152 laboratory animals for microbiological/parasitologicalexaminations and 38 specimens from large animals were examined serologically.Routine processing of the tissues for histopathological examinationOne thousand eight hundred seventy three specimens were processed and 11,869 blocks were made andstained slides supplied to different laboratories.Field InvestigationVarious disease problems amongst different livestock species (cattle and goats-3, sheep and goat-1)causing heavy mortality were investigated in field.Health coverage and treatment of the livestock in the InstituteVeterinary dispensary is entrusted with the work of providing veterinary aid to the Institute livestock. Itlooks after the shed facilities of experimental animals of Pathology Division and transportation of dead animalsfrom the Division for postmortem.Sp~cialisedCourses and Training ProgrammeDuring the year 1972, a Summer Institute in Avian Pathology was organized from 15th May to 14th Jun"e.Twenty two participants from various States of the country participated.

40DIVISION OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGYThe important events of this Division during the year 1972 can be briefed under research, teaching andextension programme. Emphasis was made in taking up limited number of research projects which are productionoriented, problem solvingor basic and fundamental in nature. The infrastructure for experimentation was developedin the shed area and basic facilities in the laboratory were further developed. To improve upon teaching thepost-graduate students audio-visual facilities were created. Several members of this Division took part indiscussion/lecture in the courses organised by the Extension Division of this Institute.In the Animal Climatology laboratory studies were initiated in determining the Comfort Zone of thecross-bred calves which have been produced at this Institute. The Animal Climatology Chamber has operatedround the clock for 28 days at a stretch. The findings in this project are expected to be of great use inimproving upon the housing and management of crossbred al1imals so that the maximum production can beobtained.I n the Rumen Physiology laboratory the effect of Biostimulator (prepared from spleen collected from theSlaughter house) in the improvement of growth in growing lambs have been studied. The resuits of the piiot trialsare encouraging.In the Endocrinology laboratory studies have been made on the quality and quantity of artificially inducedmilk in Sterile Hariana Heifers. From the feeding trials in rats it has been observed that the induced milk doesnot differ from the natural milk. From the studies of the Post Graduate students the Estrus cycle pattern andOvulation time in Primipara Barbari Nannies have been determined. It has been also observed that the breedingof Barbari goats at an early age has limited effect on production of twins in subsequent kidding. The economicsof goat rearing in limited numbers are being calculated from the stall fed goats.In the Pharmacology laboratory five indiginous plants have been initially screened for its pharmacolgicalactivity against round worms of poultry, sheep and goat. Since the result were encouraging chemical characterisationof active compounds have been done for detailed pharmacological investigations. From this laboratory24 li1res of 'Mange Cure' and 4 litres of 'Ringworm Cure' have been prepared and utilised for the treatment of331 and 40 animals respectively. .In the toxicology laboratory the incidence of poisoning in livestock from poisonous plants has been investigatedfrom 73 plants reported from the field. The insectiside residue of DDT in livestock products (milk, eggand meat) has been evaluated. It has been observed that in 4 weeks residue level of DDT in meat, goes downto safe level if the animals are prevented from consuming the commercial DDT in concentrate fed earlier evenat a high level of 1000 parts per million. Deoiled Sal Seed Meal in the Poultry ration at a level of 10% in thefeed was found to have no adverse effect on the quality of the eggs. Eggs contained 0.02% tannins at this levelof feeding.

41DIVISION OF STANDARDISATIONResearch-Attempts have been made to study the complement fixing activities of spleen and mesentericlymph node suspensions harvested from an imals infected with virulent rinderpest virus.carried out to correlate the HI an1ibody levels with immunity to challenge infection.Studies were alsoTwelve trials for potency test of anthrax spore vaccine were carried out successfully in guiniapigs with aview to replace sheep and goats. Potency testing of H. S. Oil adjuvant vaccine in rabbits gave the encouragingresults. Role of cytophilic antibodies in the defence mechanism against Pasteurella mu/tocida are being studied.Studies on the level of certain naturally occuring serum factors like complement, conglutinin, immunoconglutininand I]eterophile antibodies in apparently healthy buffaloes, zebu cattle, sheep, goats, fowls, pigs, horses, dogsand men have been carried out.Ninety Salmonella field strains comprising eleven serotypes were examined for antibiotic sensitivity. Allthe strains were highly sensiti'lle 'to ampicillin while 11% of the strains were resistant to chloramphenicol. Drugresistance was transferred from three out of four mUltiple drug iesistant Salmonella to recipient E. coli strain.Serotyping of 64 Salmonella strains from the field revealed that Sa/m. tvphimurium was the mostcommon serotype among the animals. Occurrence of S. pul/orum from poultry has been recorded in Calcuttaand Uttar Pradesh.

42DIVISION OF' VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTHThe staff of the Division during the year under report remained engaged primarily in procuring the basiclaboratory facilities i.e. lab. accommodation, chemicals, glassware and the most essentially required laboratoryequipments. In this connection it may be stated that the majority of the staff members of the division wereappointed in the later period of the year 1971 or in the beginning of the year 1972 and they were to start theirwork from a scratch. In addition to this the staff members remained actively engated for more than thr~e monthsin successfully completing the "Summer Institute in Veterinary Public Health" held at this Institute during theyear 1972.Details of the work done under different projects, with existing facilities are given below:Atherosclerosis and its controlAttempts to grow endothelial cells in tissue cultureThe work was taken up in hand to study the direct affect of different lipids on the endothelial celfs of theaorta of goat foetiLGoat foetii were collected from the Shahdana slaughter house and their aortas were coHectedwithin 45 minutes of the slaughter of their mothers. Hearts of the foetii were invariably seen beating whenthese were opened in the laboratory for the collection of aorta.For attempting cultures of the aortic endothelial cells the aorta was cut into small bits of about 6 sq. mm.which were then treated with concentrated solution of trypain for 10 minutes at 37"C. The suspension wasfiltered through two layers of surgical gauze into centrifuge tubes containing equine serum .. The tubes werethen centrifuged for 20 minutes at 2000 r-p.m. The sedimented cells were inoculated into Eagl'e's growth mediumcontaining Eagle's solution 80 ml, equine serum 10 ml, tryptose phosphate berth 10 ml and the right concentrationof terramycin and penicillin.The endothelial cells got attached with the glass within 1 to 2 hours of incubation at 37°C. The growthmedium of the tubes was therefore changed within 1 to 2 hours of incubation, so that the unattached cells maybe washed out. The attachment of the cells was in focal areas but the growth of the cells on the whole did notcome well.Three different concentrations of trypsin Le. 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0% were then used for the trypsinisationof the aortic pieces. The endothelial cells in these trials attached only for few hOLlrs. After 24 hours, onJy afew foci of the attachment were visible which did not show proper type of cell growth later on. Furt~er workwill be con.tinued with a fresh batch of trypsin as the one which has been used is very old and might have lostits activity.Experimental production of the lesions of atherosclerosis is to be taken up in piglets so that furtherstudies could be taken up in animals in which the lesions have been experimentally produced. For this purposepiglets have been purchased from the U.P. Govt. Central Dairy Farm, Aligarh.Studies on the parameters of measles HI test with the object offurther simplifying the existing proceduresThe effect of addition of Kaolin suspension to sera, either befgre or after absorption with monkeyerythrocytes was studied. In both procedures the time of Kaolin treatment was kept constant, 20 minutes.Both treatments gave similar results.The results were confirmed under field conditions in Mysore State.

43In view of the published report in the literature that Kaolin also absorbs specific antibodies to arbo-myxo·and neo-viruses in human and animal sera, experiments were carried out with 4 different brands of Kaolin.Three of these were supplied by pharmaceutical firms in our country, whereas the fourth, namely BOH was ofBritish make. In parallel trials carried out with significant number of cattle, sheep, and goats sera no appreciabledifference could be detected in the HI antibody titres. The treatment period in these trials varied from 20 to 40minutes.In the original procedure of HI test, sera were inactivated at 56°C for 30 minutes.This was to preventthe haemolysis of monkey eruthrocytes. However trails with several samples of cattle and buffalo serarevealed that under the environmental conditions of collection of blood and separation of sera at Izatnagar,haemolytic complement was no longer evident. Therefore the heat treatment was omitted and this reduced thepre-treatment period in the HI test.The sensitivity of erythrocytes from 3 types of monkeys namely rhesus (Macaca mulata), the bonnet(Macaca radiata) and the langoor (Macaca langor) were compared. In general, there was no significant differencein the haemagglutination titres, which ranged from 64 to 2048. Only one langoor monkey was availablefor comparative study and its cells were agglutinated to a titre of 2048. The lab. observations v"ere confirmedin the field trials.Preliminary observations with few monkey samples emphasised the need for using !iuch anaesthetic andeuthanastic procedures that will not affect the stability of the e'rythrocytes on storage. In some instance ifVadministration of barbiturates rendered the blood dark; such samples tended to haemolyse quickly.The number of units of antigen used in the HI test was found to initially affect' the antibody titres.Whereas, units in the range of 2-4 produced similar results, higher number of units caused a linear decline ofantibody titres. The recommended number of units in the field trial was 3 to 4.The original procedure recommended an incubation of atleast one hour of the antigen-serum mixtures beforeaddition of erythrocytes. Trials carried out in the laboratory showed that this period could be reduced to 30minutes without any adverse effects on the titres.Studies on the effect of bacterial contamination on HI antibodytitres in cattle seraExperiments were carried out to find the affect of bacterial contamination on HI antibody tit res in cattlesera. Three hyperimmune sera namely RPHB 191, anti-measles rabbit A and anti-measles red calf were incubatedat room temperature and 37°C while frequently exposing these to atmospheric contamination for a period of 14days. The sera were tested daily in triplicate for HI antibody. It was observed that there was no fall of antibodytitre upto 14 days although the sera got highly contaminated.Effect of heat on measles haemagglutininMeasles haemagglutinin were inactivated at 4 different temperatures viz. 45°C, 50°C, 55°C & 60°Crespectively for 20 minutes. Haemagglutinin activity was titrated in triplicate against the same batch of cells.The original titre of measles antigen was 256. After heat treatment the titre fell down to 64, 64, 32 and 8 respectivelyindicating that the increase in temperature brings down the titre of haemagglutinin. Thus the measlesantigen should be stored at lower temperature so that it retains its haemagglutinin titre.Enterotoxin production by Staphylococcal isolates from milk and milk productsTwenty six milk samples were examined for Staphylococcus aureus with and without enrichment andemplying 4 media viz; Vogel-Johnson agar, Mannitol salt agar, S-110 with egg yolk and 10% Bovinablood agar.

44Results are as follows:No of-samplesexamined Direct \ Throenrich Direct Throenrich Direct Throenrich Direct Throenri chI26 8 26 22 22 26 NIL 26Microbiological studies on milk products in relation to Public HealthOne hundred sixty nine samples of various milk products (cream, butter, cheese, curd and Khoa products)were screened for the presence of various pathogens of human health significance. One hundred forty eightcultures of various pathogens of public health significance were isolated. Out (i)f these 42 staphylococci, 75 E.coli, 14 salmonel/a, 4 corynebacterium and 12 fungal agents (Aspergillous and Rhizopus), have been identified.The viable count of these organisms ranged fiOm 10- 3 -10- 6 imi, whiie coliform ranged from 10- 2 to 15- 11 iml inthese milk products. Serotyping of salmonella & E. coli organisms is in progress.Role of dairy environment and personnel in contamination of milk and milk products•with food poisoning organismsMilk samples from 19 cans, 6 cows and from one milk filter from the I. V. R. I. dairy and two samplesof cream and milk from N .D.R.I., Karnal were collected for isolation of aerobic food poisoning organisms.The bacterial isolates from these samples ara being examined and the organisms identified so far aregiven below.1. Pseudemonas aerogenosa from 7 samples2. Staphyloccoccus species 13 strains from 19 samples3.6 strains from 6 cans4.2 strains from 2 cases of N.D.R.1. Karnal.Bacteriological studies on gastroenteritis and diarrhoeal diseases in manwith special reference to food·borne infections and intoxicationsDuring the period under report, more than 200 stool samples were collected from cases of gastroenteritisfrom the I.V.R.I. hospital several species of bacteria have been isolated some of which have been typed and willbe reported later on.

45VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH UNIT OF I.V.R.I. AT AIlH &PH CALCUTTAResearchSanitary Control on Slaughtered Pigs in CalcuttaWith a view to find out the sanitary conditions of the pig slaughter house and of the processing ofslaughtered pigs in Calcutta, the microbiological assessment of the total viable bacterial load on the surface of themeat prepared for sale was made. Attention was also paid to the presence of specific pathogens responsiblefor "food borne diseases".Meterial-Superficial muscles of one square inch area from right thigh, left thigh and back of pigs readyfor the market processed by either scalding or burning were collected in sterile containers and brought to thelaboratory in thermosflask containing ice.Methods-Standard plate count, coli-count and examination for specific pathogens (Salmonella, staphylococcusand Clostridium perfringufis) were made following the techniques described by Thatcher. Forty eightsamples were collected for examination during the months of August and September, 1972.Results-Standard plate count ranged between 1000 X '3 3 to 225 x 10 7 per square inch area of thesurface of the meat. There was not much appreciable difference in count in the carcasses processl2d byscalding and burning all though usual higher count was observed with back muscles.Coli count was hil at 10- 3 dilutions in 38 samples and rest showed coli-count in the range between200 X 10 3 to 100 X 10 4 per square inch of the meat.A few strains of Staphylococcus aureus (six) and Sa/mor.ella sp (two) were isolated from the surface ofthe meat samples.Salmonella strains isolated were from burnt carcasses and S. anatum, S. barei/ly were the species involved.One E. coli 0 : 25 strain was also isolated from the sample showing highest coli-count.This study indicates that the pig meat prepared at the Calcutta Slaughter House is contaminated with potentialpathogens from extraneous source and sanitary condition prevailing during slaughter and processing is oflower standard than desired which might lower down the keeping quality of the product to a great extent. Furtherwork is required to study the changing pattern in different lots at various seasons.This work was carried out in collaboration with Dr. S. K. Das, Superintendent, Pig Slaughter House, Calcutta.National Research CollaborationField training programmes of Joint DPH and MVPH course on survey of human and animal brucellosis inand around Singur was conducted by Dr. G.P. Sen and Dr. P.N. Khanna in collaboration with the staff membersof the All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health (AIIH & PH) Calcutta. The study led to the followingobservations :-Ninety six human cases were selected for this study according to the place, age, sex and symptom ofcases. The epidemiology and distribution of serum titres were also studied. Of the 96 cases, 80 were febrile(with three positive cases) end 16 were a-febrile (with two positive cases). The predominant symptoms inpositive cases were intermittent fever, body-ache and joint-ache, the duration of illness being one week to one year.The observations on 43 samples from bovine brucellosis were made. The population of goats, sheep andpigs in the area were very negligible and no organised goat, sheep or pig rearing farms/centres were located inthe area or vicinity. The changes of human brucellosis cases (found in this study) having been acquired fromthese sources appeared to be very less. The epidemiological data pojnted towards the possibility of human infection·from bovine sources as are commonly observed in the U.S.A.

Objectives46DIVISION OF EPI...;.EMIOLOGYRetrospective studies on the pattern and frequency ofdiseases in imported cattleIn efforts to improve the milk production potential of indigenous cattle/ our country is presently adoptingthe method of importing exotic germ-plasm through the import of exotic cattle. In this process, it has beennoticed quite often in the past that there had been heavy losses by way of morbidity and mortality consequentto stress, poor accJimati:tation and lesser or no disease resistance amongst these animals. An investigation intotheir exact etiology has 110t been worked out in any detail so far.It was, therefore, proposed to undertake a research project in this Divisieln :-(a)(b)Plan of StudY(A)to .. .",ork out the various causes of morbidity and mortality (immediate objective)to get the base-line data for the establishment of a systematic disease surveillance programme (thenext year and in the Vth Plan objective).Collection of data on the number and distribution of exotic cattle in various livestock farms in thecountrywise done by enquiries from :-(a)(b)(c)The Ministry of Food, Agriculture, Community Developments €I- Cooperation, New Delhi.Directors of Animal Husbandry in various states, andProject Coordinator, All India Coordinated Project on cross-breeding in cattle, I.V.R.I Izatnagar.(B) Having ascertained the distribution, certain proformas were used for collecting the information on .each individual animal at the following selected farms by personal visits. In selecting the·farms, considerationwas given (a) to the number of animals that were being maintained, and (b) the cooperation that was anticipatedthrough prior correspondence and previous visits of the Epidemiologist.(1) Indo-Danish Project, Bangalore(2) Composite Livestock Farm, Bangalore(3) N.D.R.I. Bangalore(4) Indo-Swiss Project, Patiala(5) Neeli Buffalo Breeding Farm, Nabha(6) Government Livestock Farm, Hissar(7) Veterinary College Farm, Gauhati(8) Government Livestock Farm, Barapetta(9) Government Livestock Farm, Khanikar(10) Agricultural Univer!_)ity Farm, Pantnagar(11) I. V. R.I. Dairy, Izatnagar(C) The required information collected from these places through the use of proformae as well as personal'interviews with the respective State Directors/Farm Superintendents were analysed employing the incidence ratesan.d crude mortality rates as indices for morbidity and mortality respectively. In order to get the final figures forthIs purpose, the ~ol\owil"\g were dOl"\e :-(a) Computation of the age at the time of showing the illness as well as at the time of death were madefrom the date of birth of the particular animal.

(b)47Grouping of the animals was done in respect of illnesses and deaths relative to gastro-intestinalsystem, respiratory system, infectious origin, toxaemic conditions (other than those of infectious origin), reproductivecause and miscellaneous causes (including wounds, teat blindness, undiagnosed conditions, etc). intoeleven convenient groups starting from 0-6 months upto 133 months and above. The animals were than sortedout breed and sex-wise in these different groups In each farm. For these computations, although presently onlythe hard calculating machine and hand calculations have been done, efforts are being made to encode the informationand use a computer for analysiS.ResultsThis study although represents only a sample of the exotic cattle population in the country from the year1965, nevertheless, gives a fair idea of the diseases to which the exotic animals are subjected to in this country.GeneralThe causes of diseases and deaths vary widely and do not seem to differ appreciably from the pattern observedin indigenous cattle although the losses due to high morbidity and mortality are greater in these exoticcattle as compared to others. This is especially so with regard to infectious causes. Hygiene and proper constructionof sheds, especially the floors on which the animals are to be housed if not properly attended to, seem toplay an important role in producing hoof-trouble commonly observed in these animals. Further, these exoticcattle being mainly stall-fed need exercise and fresh air for maintaining normal health.These, being primarily milch animals, have certain problem associated with milk production and the resultantmetabolic imblanc8. Milk-fever is not of infrequent occurrence in high milk yielding cow at some of the wellorganised farms like the Indo-Danish Project at Bangalore. The use of milking machines in such farms has posedthe problem of mastitis due to residual milk left in the udder, if not properly hand-stripped at the end of milking.Another problem in these high-yielding cow is the occlusion of the teat canal through which milk flows. Accidentalrupture of the milk vein leading to death of the animals is also not infrequent.Breed-wiseAs far as incidence rates and crude mortality rates are concerned these rates are higher in 1971 as comparedto previous years in respect of Holsteins whereas these decrease gradually in Red- Danes. (Year 1967has shown considerable incidence and crude mortality rates in both the breeds due to causes of infectious origin).Age-wise(a)(b)Sex-wiseupto 12 months of age, the diseases of the gastro-intestinal and respiratory systems predominate;causes of toxaemia (other than infectious) apparently predominate from 7 months to 9 years with apeak of occurence in 7-9 years of age.(a)(b)(c)the overall incidence rate is almost the same in both the sexes although the crude mortality rate ishigher in males than females for all causes.The incidence rates for causes effecting gastro-intestinal system and respiratory system are higherin males than in females, whereas those for diseases of infectious origin are inconclusive. The crudemortality rates for gastro-intestinal causes are inconclusive whereas these are higher in males thanin females for respiratory causes.The incidence and mortality rates for diseases due to toxaemic conditions are higher in females thanin males (this observatiol'l is subject to small sample bias).

48DIVISION OF EXTENSIONField Projects -It has been decided that the work on projects on cattle development and poultry productionwill be run by the respective Divisions and the Division of Extension will collaborate.The Division organised Lecture discussion sessions on Animal Health and Production in collaboration withthe Division of Poultry Research, Animal Genetics, Animal Nutrition, Pathology and Estate Section, in the followingInstitutions :-Advice to Farmers- More than 15 farmers sought advice on the problem of Animal Health and Produc­Suitable replies were given to them in consultation with the respective Divisions.tion.(i) Shri Gulab Rai Inter College, Bareilly (ii) Islamia Inter College, Bareilly (iii) Shri Darbari Lal SharmaInter College, Rithoura.Visitors-During the year, 25 parties from various Veterinary College, Army Extension Training Centres,Farmers Training Centres, Agricultural Universities and National Institutes besides other Scientists and farmersvisited this Institute and they were taken around the various laboratories and farms to acquaint them with thevarious research activities going on at this Institute.~ublications-One Extension, bulletin in Hindi entitled "~q~t:r mlf-.hr ij- ~f'

49BIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORYThe Biochemistry laboratory was placed under the independent charge of Professor of Biochemistry fromJune, 1972. Primary aim was to build up basic facilities needed for the research activities. At the same timethe teaching and research activities have been strengthened.ResearchIn the area of large animals research it was proposed to investigate in detail the biochemical nature ofbuffalo tissue constituents. Certain studies were undertaken to standardize the p-nitrophenyl phosphate methodfor determination of acid and alkaline phosphatase in buffalo blood serum samples and the procedure has beenstandardized.Studies were also carried out to characterize in detail the lipid constituents of buffalo plasma and erythrocytes.Result of this study have been presented at the annual meeting of the Society of Biological Chemists(India) at Pantnagar University, and this work has been now taken by a postgradute (M.V.sc.-Final) student forfurther study.The buffalo serum albumin was also chemically isolated and purified in order to elucidate its physicochemicalproperties. Few studies, viz. electrophoretic pattern and molecular seiving of this protein have beencompleted. Further work is in progress.The Biochemistry Laboratory has also been selected by the F.A.O., UNICEF Project as one of the Centresfor higher training and reasearch in food science and nutrition. These sections are likely to come up shortly.The All India Coordinated Research Project on Utilization of Slaughter House by-products is engagedprimarily in formulating a reasonably priced protein feed/food for animal/human consumption. With this in view,the whole blood and/or serum obtained from slaughtered animals is being processed to yield a wholesome edibleprotein which may be incorporated in the food/feeds as the protein supplement.Besides this, the above Project has also taken up extensive work on the manufacture of biochemicals fromthe slaughter house material. Till today cholesterol from brain, glycogen from liver and serum albumin fromblood have been isolated in reasonably pure form. Work is in progress.Post-Graduate StudiesThere are two Ph. D. and four M. V. Sc. (Final) students working in the various projects and their work isprogressing satisfactorily. These projects are as follows :~(1) Lipid metabolism of lactating and non-lactating buffalo mammary gland (Ph. D. project).(2) Fatty acid Bio synthesis in lactating and non-lactating buffalo mammary gland (Ph. D. project).(3) Lipid composition of buffalo erythrocyte membrane (M. V. Sc. project).(4) Effect of hypervitaminosis A on erythrocyte membranes in chicks.(5) Biochemical changes in brain in Marek's disease of chicks.(6) Chemical studies on buffalo meat.Three more Ph. D. Students have joined after being awarded the C. S. J. R. Fellowships.In M. V. Sc. (Previous) there are ten students (one major. and nine minor) and their progress is alsoaccording to the schedule.To strengthen our teaching programme, seminars and journal club discussions are regularly being heldweekty and fartnrghtty respectively. Titl today 132 seminafS and 17 joU'l'fl'aI club drscussions have been held.

50REGIONAL STATION. BANGALOREThe Regional Station of the Indian Veterinary Research Institute came into existence from 1 st Feb., 1972with the appointment of Joint Director-cum-Officer Incharge.The primary objective of the project is to develop adequate facilities to manufacture foot and mouthdisease vaccine on a large scale and to conduct research on various aspects on the control of this disease.The project forms a part of the Fourth Five Year Plan programme. The project will have assistance fromthe Government of Denmark in respect of expert advice regarding the technical know-how for large scale production,training programme for the Indian personnel, supply of certain equipments, chemicals, glassware etc.Government of Mysore have transferred to the Government of India nearly 7 acres of land with a fewnon-resi6lential and residential buildings at Hebbal to locate the main laboratory and also about 111.75 acres ofland at village Ramagundanahalli about 12 km. away from Hebbal Campus to focate the i90lation units etc.Research work undertaken and conducted during the yearImmediately after taking over the laboratory building and construction of the cabin for work and arrangingfor other facilities, laboratory work was initiated.One junior Virologist was deputed to Virus Research Centre, Poona for a short training in handling celllines, particularly BHK::n. After a couple of passages using the media obtained from the Virus Research Centre,the cells have been preserved in liquid nitrogen at -180°C. It was possible to revive the cells after storage inliquid nitrogen. The media required for maintenance of cell line and the suitability of different chemicals purchasedfrom the market for preparation of the media are being tried. The BHK21 media supplied by Virus ResearchCentre, Poona was utilised for comparison.Different strains of foot and mouth disease virus types 0, A, C and Asia I adopted to tissue culture,guinea-pigs and cattle tongue were procured for our work from Mukteswar and are stored at _20DC. The workof handling the virus strains by passage in different host systems would be undertaken only after the facilitiesin the laboratory become available and also the security to prevent leakage of the virus from the laboratory isdeveloped, namely building of compound wall, disinfecting tanks for the effluents from the laboratory etc.One field specimen collected from an outbreak of foot and mouth diseasQ is under processing.Acquisition of land and buildingsSome non-residential and residential buildings have been taken over.of remaining buildings is being pursued with the State Government.Matter regarding taking possessionThe land at Ramagundanahalli, about 111.75 acres for setting up of isolation unit for this project has beentaken possession of, surveyed and boundary pillars demarking the area have been laid. However, there aresome encroachments which are yet to be cleared by the State Government.Progress in construction of buildings, alterations to the existing ones, etc.Plans for the development of the area with regard to the alterations of buildings and construction of newones has been discussed in detail with the Central Public Works Department authorities taking into considerationour proposed phased programme of development for vaccine production and research. The main developmentto report are the receipt of the design for compound wall, estimates and sanctions for the same and the workis to be undertaken in the near future. For a continuous uninterrupted supply of water which is an essential pre-

51requisite for this laboratory, for tapping the underground water source, the Geologist of the State Department haslocated two sites for borewe" and the sanctioned work is being taken up by the CPWD. Alterations to electrical'lines in the present laboratory building for utilizing some of the equipments has been executed. The sanctionfor the modification of one of the buildings to be utilised for small animals house has been given to the CPWD.One laboratory cabin with laminated sheet, ultra violet lamp, exhaust fan, etc.tissue culture work.has been constructed forProcurement of equipments, grasswares, chemicals etc.After the necessary processing, a number of equipments, viz. hot air oven, bacteriological incubators,centrifuges, analytical balances, refrigerator. deep freezer cabinet, microscope etc. and a number of items ofglassware and chemicals required for the laboratry have been purchased.

52REGIONAL ANIMAL NUTRITION RESEARCH CENTRE,PALAMPUR (H.P.)Further studies on the evaluation of phak (rice mill by-product) as a substitute for ricebran in poultry (layer) mashesSeventy two WLH layers, just coming into lay, were divided into four groups, further sub-divided intothree replicates of 6 birds each. Each group of three replicates was placed on a control or one of the threeexperimental mashes and additionally supplemented with grit at 5 g per head per day. Rice bran was incorporatedat 36% level in the control mash. In the three experimental mashes 12, 18 and 24 parts of rice bran werereplaced by phak assaying 6.3% crude protein and 32.0% crude fibre.The crude protein and crude fibre contents in the control mash assayed 20.3 and 8.5% respectively andin the experimental mash containing the highest proportion of phak the values were 17.6 and 13.4% respectivelywith intermediate values in the other two mashes. The gross energy contents of the mashes in kcaljg droppedfrom 4.08 in the control mash to 3.93 in the mash containing phak at 24% level.The production of the lot! of six birds on the four mashes was noted before (2 weeks), during (11 weeks)and after (2 weeks) the experimental feedmg. The differences in production between groups were statisticallynon-significant. The live weights of the birds recorded at two points at an interval of one month during theexperimental period also did not show any significant change in the different groups.The weight of eggs produced by the birds during a fixed period of ten days on mashes containing 0, 12,18 and 24% level of phak were 54.4,54.1,55.4 and 56.3 respectively. The apparent differences were statisticallynon-significant.The average dry matter intakes of the birds on the mashes in the above order estimated during a 4-daymetabolic period were respectively 115, 119, 124 and 123 g/headjday. The intake on the last two mashes was'significantly higher than on the first mashes. The metabolisability of gross energy was also significantly higheron the first two (69 and 70%) than on the latter two (64 and 62%) mashes. The differences in the total metabolisableenergx intake on the four mashes were, however, statistically non-significant. The ME value of the fourmashes, in kcaljg worked out to be 2.80, 2.79, 2.54 and 2.44 respectively, the values in the first two mashesbeing significantly (at 1 % level) higher than in the latter two mashes. The digestibility of proteins on the fourmashes was 82, 81 and 80% respectively and the corresponding values of caloric protein ratio were 138 : 1,145 : 1, 133: 1 and 138: 1 respectively. The average balances of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus in thebirds on all the mashes were maintained satisfactorily.The results showed that phak, which is easily and cheaply available locally may be judiciously usedto replace a part of scarce rice bran, which is imported from down plains at 4 to 5 times the cost of phak.Studies on the growth rate of Jersey x local cross bred calves and adaptive research oncalf startersPhase 1-Studies on the growth rate of Jersey cross-bred calves were continued. Observations on the growth rate of9 calves (4M + 5F) each in the control and 1/3 milk replacement groups from birth to six months of age havebeen completed. The calf-mixture used was constituted from common feed ingredients without any animal proteinsupplement. The average growth rate of calves in the two groups was 0.36 and 0.30 kg/head/day.

53The OCP and TON intakes in the control and 1/3 milk replacement groups averaged 86 and 96% and 78and 99% levels respectively of the standard. The shortfall in the OCP supply was due to the abrupt unavoidablefall in the quality of roughage under the practical farm conditions which shows that roughages could not bereplied upon as a source of OCP.The endogenous urinary nitrogen (EUN) and metabolic faecal nitrogen (MFN) values of calves frombirth to six months of age were calculated under the conditions of the feeding trials. The EUN values were foundto be significantly affected by the caloric density of the ration. The MFN values were found to be significantlyaffected by the crude fibre content of the ration. Further work is in progress to see if improvement in the levelof OCP intake will help improve the growth rate of Jersey crossbred calves in this locality.Studies on maintenance DCP and energy requirement of Jersey cross-bred animalsPhase ISix adult bullocks and three non-producing cows were divided into three groups of an average live weigl1tof 189 kg. Paddy straw basal roughage fee! ad lib ...",as supplemented by three isoc~ioric concentrate mixtures,differing in protein content, such that the DCP requirement of animals in the three groups was theoreticallysupplied at 100, 125 and 75% levels of the presoribed requirement. The three groups were mtated in the threeperiods of one month each in accordance with the switch over design. Seven day metabolic trials were carriedout at the end of each feeding period.The average dry matter intakes of the animals on the three levels of protein intake were recorded. Thedigestibility data between treatments were. not significant in case of dry matter, ether extract, crude fibre,nitrogen-free extract or the gross energy. However, between treatments the differences were very highlysignificant in case of crude protein digestibility. The average values were high8it on the level of crude proteinsupplementation.The average intakes of TON and OE were recorded; the apparent di-fferences in energy intake being nonsignificantilQ keeping with the plan of the experiment. (The data on energy intake measured in terms of TONand OE showed a highly significant correlation and 1 g TON equalled 4.43 kcal DE). The, average intakes ofOCP in gjday on the three levels of protein intake shlOwed highly significant. The actual planes of nutrition onthe three levels of protein intake Gompared to the prescribed maintenance requirement. The balances of nitrogenin gjheadjday on the three treatments in order were + 3.0, + 6.4 and + 2.3 respectively.A dispersion of OCP intake on N retention showed the existence of a highly significant correlation. t~nanalysis of covariance between sexes based on residual degrees of freedom showed that the apparently w-r:dedifferences in regression coefficients between sexes were not significant and that the regression equation basedon the pooled data was highly significant. The OCP requirement of adult cross bred animals of an average liveweight of 189 kg for nitrogen equilibrium worked out to be of the order of 51 g/he~d/day.Elliet and Topps (1963) in their studies on the protein requirement of ruminants used the logarithmic transformatic;mof OCP intake data in working out the regression of OCP on nitrogen balance. Calculated in thatmatter, the apparent wide differences between sexes were narrow~d down and a highly significant regresion wasobtained for the pooled data. The maintenance OCP requirement of animels worked out in this manner wasraised to 61 g/headjday.The data on the digestible N intake and the urinary nitrogen output of animals were examined with a viewto work out the EUN of the experimental animals. A highly signiHcant regressio n was obta'ined and the EUN

54value was calculated as 21 mg/kg live weight. The EUN value was also calculated on the basis of dispel'Sionof digestible nitrogen intake data on log transformation of nitrogen output in urine. The regression for thepooled data was again highly significant. Calculated in this manner the value was raised to 35 mg/kg L.W.The data on nitrogen intake and faecal output of nitrogen per unit intake of dry matter were examined witha view to work out the MFN of the experimental animals. There was no significant correlation. The total faecalnitrogen was, therefore, corrected for insoluble feed residue nitrogen. The soluble nitiogen in faeces apparentlycontained the MFN along with any unabsorbed digestible nitrogen but again no significant relationship was ob.served between the digestible N intake and the soluble N in faeces. The proportion of digestible nitrogen thrownout in the faeces as soluble N was, however, found to be influenced by the crude fibre level in the ration. Thehighly significant regression was utilized for correcting the soluble nitrogen output in faeces. Dispersion ofdigestible N intake on corrected soluble nitrogen in faeces resulted in a significant regression and gave thevalue of MFN which was of the low order of 0.05 g/1 00 g dry matter intake. The relationship was also workedout after subjecting the corrected soluble nitrogen in faeces to logarithmic transformation and the significant reg·ression raised the iviFN vaiue to 0.07 g/i 00 g dry matter intake.The extremely low MFN value is in keeping with the low maintenance DCP requirement of Jersey crossbred animals. A 60 percent level of the prescribed requirement appeared to be adequate under the conditions ofthese experiments.Phase 11-A small repeat trial was carried out to confirm the conclusion in Phase I of the study.The same six bullocks and three non'producing cows were used in the trial.Their ad lib local hay rationwas supplemented with scheduled quantities of a concentrated mixture to theoretically supply 50·60 percent ofthe prescribed DCP requirement. A seven day metabolic triarwas carried out after a preliminary period of twoweeks. The hay was of a poor quality containing only 3.2% crude protein. In this respect, it was poorer topaddy straw (4.19% crude protein) used in the previous trials. The concentrate mixture contained 12.06%crude protein compared to 11.44% in the low protein concentrate mixture used with paddy straw rations. Thetotal dry matter intake of animals on the hay ration w.as 2.08 kg/100 kg live weight or 78 g/kg WO. 75 againstthe average of 2.61 kg/100 kg live weight or 95 g/kg WO. 75 on the paddy straw rations supplemented with thelow level of protein in the first phase of study. The lower consumption on the hay ration may be partly due tothe poorer q~ality of local hay compared to local paddy straw.The average intakes of DCP and TDN for animals of an average live weight of 199 kg were 56 g and 1.75kg/head/day respectively. Estimated in terms of DE, the energy intake was 6.72 Mcal/head/day. Thus, themaintenance requirement was supplied a,t a level of 38% DCP and 105% TDN (vide Sen & Ray, 1964). Theanimals recorded an average N balance of (-) 1.7 g/head/day and a 1.5% depression in live weight duringthree weeks of experimental feeding.The low level of DCP intake compared to the stipulated level is ascribed to the lower intake of availableenergy. While on the low protein treatment in the previous series of trials in which paddy straw formed thesale roughage, the average TDN intake, consequent to a higher dry matter intake was attained at alevel of 154 percent, in the present trial the level of TD N intake was only 105 percent. Assumingthe equivalence of TON and DE data obtained in this trial, 1 g TDN equalled 3.84 kCElI DE.(Statistically a highly significant value of 4.20 was calculated). However, if the standard value of 4.4kcal DE/g TDN was taken into consideration, the TON intake worked out to 6.72/4.4=1.53 kg compared to1.75 kg calculated in the usual manner. Worked out in this manner the level of TON intake was 92 percent onlyof the prescribed requirement. It would appear that DE is a better measure of available energy intake than TON.

55The data on DCP intake and N balance in individual animals were subjected to statistical analysis andbased on the highly significant regression obtained, the maintenance DCP requirement of animals of an averagelive weight of 199 kg was calculated to be 72 g i.e. at 49 percent level of the prescribed requirement.Studies on gross yields of dry matter and crude protein from three varieties of Penniseturnpedicellatum grassPennisetum pedicel/atum seeds were sown in July, 1971 on plots on which farm yard manure at 500 q/hawas applied. In 1971, the seeds were sown in Mayan plots in which farm yard manure was applied at 1000q/ha. It followed that doubling the rate of fertilization with farm yard manure raised the gross yield of drymatter to three times and more than doubled the yield of crude protein. In the year 1972 seed beds wereprepared applying 1750 q/ha of farm yard manure and 200 kg/ha of a German fertilizer containing 15% each ofNPK. The seeds were sown in early July. In all the three trials there were no significant differences betweenthe PP a , FP 10 or PP 15 strains in gross yields of dry matter or crude protein. The crude protein content in thegrass at haivesting was of the order of 8 percent. in the third trial, logging of plants which was apparent after twomonths of growth was maximum in case of PP 3 • variety. Perhaps the rate of fertilization as carried out wasrather on the high side. In another trial the crop from seeds sown in late July, 1972 has been allowed to maturefor the seeds formed to drop down naturally with a view to observe the adaptability and the growth of thegrass in the subsequent year.Studies on the gross yields of dry matter and crude protein from Setaria SphacelataIt was felt that Setaria Sphacelata grass may be adapted for provision of greens during winters under nonirrigatedconditions in this locality. Limited studies showed that the grass may be advantageously planted undernon-irrigated conditions at slightly lower altitudes (say 1100 m above sea level) in this region to provide forgreens under non-irrigated conditions.

56RESEARCH CENTRE, PORT BLAIRIncidence of stephanofilaria I dermatitis among buffalo hostsBuffalo population in the area is very small in comparison to cattle. Therefore, attempts were intensifiedfor ear-sore and naval-sore lesions. Out of 311 buffaloes examined, 49 showed naval-sore lesions (18) and earsorelesions (22). Scrapings showing worms comprised navalsore (9) and ea-rsore (12).Preliminary morphological studies on parasitic species involved in navalsoMorphological studies on parasitic species involved in navalsore are in progress. Measurements of limitednumber of Stephanofilaria sp. from navalsore have been taken. Further studies are in progress.Search for possible vectors among humpsore feeding fliesExamination of flies from humpsore lesions was continued. Out of a total of 5286 Musca sp. and Lyperosiasp. flies, two and one species respectively, showed the presence of juveniles of Stephanofilaria sp.Initial studies on biology of vectors in laboratoryIn four batches, a total of 176 Musca sp. and 154 Lyperosia sp. were kept in cages which did not livebeyond 2-4 days. No larvae or eggs were found on the breeding media of cowdung mixed with wheat bran.Further attempts are in progress.Preliminary studies on histopathology of humpsore lesionsA few pieces of humpsore lesions were processed. Adult parasites and microfilariae were present in differentareas of the sore tissue. The ulcerated areas showed the presence of microfilariae only, while the adjoining proliferatedareas showed the adult parasites only. The parasite containing field presented hyperkeratosis, acanthosisand degeneration of sebacious glands, whereas the areas containing microfilariae were denuded of the epidermisand showed cellular reaction around the microfilariae.Collection of helminth parasitesNo such data is yet available. In the absence of abattoirs, whenever any postmortem 'examination becameavailable, helminth parasites were collected. On post-mortem examination of two animals of a Govt. farmone animal had 1,737 amphistomes, 36 Oesophagostomum sp. and 7 Setaria sp. This animal had been broughtto the Islands in 1969 from NDRI Regional Station, Kalyani.All Ind ia Coord inated Research ProjectsThe following All India Coordinated Research Projects continued to function during the year :-(1) Cross Breeding of Cattle (2) Investigation into the Respiratory Diseases of Poultry & their Control(3) Poultry for Eggs (4) Poultry for Meat (5) Project on Pigs (6) Sheep for Mutton (7) Utilization of SlaughterHouse by-Products (8) Investigation into the Biology and Control of Stephanofilarial Dermatitis (9) BloodGroup and Biochemical Polymorphism in Farm Animals (10) Investigation on Calf Mortality.The detailed report in reslDect of each project has been separately prepared.

57General SummaryAn important event has been the visit of Mahamahim President of India, Shri V. V. Giri to this Institutewho laid the foundation stone of Modular Laboratories on 19th March, 1972; the year 1972 also being the Silverjubilee year of our country's Independence.In regard to research activities, besides production of tissue culture vaccine in Division of Bacteriologyand Virology, further work was conducted on rinderpest and foot and mouth disease. Sheep pox vaccine hasgiven promising results in field trials. Research projects were continued on leptospirosis, tuberculosis and Johne'sdisease, enterotoxaemia etc. The WHO/FAO Centre on Brucellosis cQntinued its activities effectively.A number of veterinary biological products were manufactured in Biological Products Division and issuedto various Central/State/organised farms. Research activities were continued on improvement and augmentationof veterinary biological products.The Division of Parasitology was engaged on studies on toxonomy, distribution, biology and ecology ofcattle ticks. Some chemosterilants were tried against stable fly. Further wOik was conducted on antheiminticactivity of certain drugs. A series of experiments were conducted to assess the worm burden of chickens.Studies were conducted on parasites of sheep and goats and efficacy of few drugs was assessed. A systematicsurvey of lungworm of sheep was carried in many localities in Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir. 6000doses of radiation attenuated lungworm vaccine were produced and issued. The work under UNDP/SF projecton production of lungworm vaccine has received due recognition.Division of Pathology was engaged in research on fluorosis of animals, arterial diseases in goats, studieson respiratory and urogenital system of birds. Work on Marek's disease was intensified. Trials were conductedon adaptation of avian encephalomyelitis virus in chicken embryos. Facilities were provided for laboratorydiagnostic service throughout the country.Division of Animal Nutrition was engaged on utilization of agro-industrial by-products as cattle feed.Cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pig and laboratory animal nutrition. Work under UNDP/SF project on ruminantdigestion and metabolism has been appreciated everywhere.Division of Poultry Research, inter alia, continued its activities under the All India Coordinated ResearchProjects. The broiler breed attained a weight of 1260 gm in 10 weeks. Further work was continued onutilization of deoiled sal seed meal. Activities were intensified on poultry technology. The Centre of Excellencefor Advanced Studies and Research in Poultry Production continued in the Division successfully.New freezing technique for semen from quality bulls has been evolved. In animal breeding so far 390first crosses and 37 second crosses have been produced, 38 have come in milk. Average production per dayis 8.53. 17 transferrin phenotypes were recorded in Sahiwal-Friesian crosses.In Division of Physiology and Pharmacology efforts were made to determine comfort zone of cross-bred calves.Other research activities comprised rumen physiology and endocrinology. Pharmacological activity of certainindigenous plants was also studied. Incidence of poisoning in livestock has been studied.Division of Biological Standardization conducted studies on complement activities of spleen and mesentriclymph nodes suspension from animals infected with virulent rinderpest virus.was conducted.Potency testing of some products

58Division of Extension conducted staff courses, published a few bulletins/leaflets. During Annual Daycelebrations 'Open Day' and 'Farmers Day' were organised. A number of visitors were shown round the activitiesof research Divisions.Biochemistry Laborator'YResearch work was conducted on estimation of acid and alkaline phosphatase in buffalo blood serum, lipidconstituents of buffalo plasma and erythrocytes.Regional Research CentresF.M.D. Virus Vaccine Laboratory, BangaloreThe Centre was established in February, 1972 with the appointment of Joint Director-cum-Officer Incharge,and a nucleus staff.Regional Animal Nutrition Research Centre, PalampurFurther studies have been conducted on evaluation of Phak in ,poultry rations. Studies were also in progresson growth rate of Jersey x local breed calves. Further studies were in progress on high altitude fodders.Regional Centre, Port BlairStudies were conducted on inciden ce of stephanofilarial dermatitis among buffaloes. Preliminary studieswere conducted on parasitic species involved in naval sore, possible vectors of hump sore, their biology, histopathologyetc.c ,

59POST GRADUATE STUDIESBesides normal research and extension activities, post-graduate education also received equal attention.The response to admission for various post-graduate courses has been quite encouraging. The following postgraduatecourses are being conducted, in addition to the National Diploma and short'term courses :-(1) Bac:teriology and Virology, (2) Pathology, (3) Parasitology, (4) Animal Nutrition, (5) Animal Geneticsand Breeding, (6) Animal Physiology, (7) Poultry Science, (8) Veterinary Pu blic Health, (9) Biochemistry,(10) Pharmacology and (11) Gynaecology.A number of post-graduate scholars who are pursuing their post-doctoral. doctoral and master's coursesare recipient of Senior/Junior Research Fellowships of I.C.A.R., C.S.I.R. and UNDP/SF. A certain number ofpost-graduate students are recipient of Graduate Assistantship of IVRI.A resume is given below :-(1) Sevpn post-graduate schQlars continued their Ph.D. programme in bacteriology and virology and two havesubmitted their thesis" Three students have completed their M.V.Sc. (Final) and four are pursuing studies inM.V.Sc. (Previous). One scholar obtained Assoc. of IVRI.(2) In the Division of Parasitology, 11 scholars are pursuing their Ph.D. programrTIe and two have submittedtheir thesis.(3) Eight doctoral candidates are engaged in research in the Division of Animal Nutrition. Three have sumittedtheir thesis.Six students have completed their M.V.Sc. (Final) and two are in M.V.Sc. (Previous).(4) In Poultry Research Division ten scholars are engaged for their doctoral programme, and one post-doctoralcandidate is engaged on research in the Centre of Excellence for Advanced Studies in Poultry Science. TenStudents have completed their M.V.Sc. (Final) and 11 are in M.V.Sc. (Previous). One scholar obtained his Assoc.of IVRI.(5) Twelve doctoral candidates are supplicating for Ph.D. Degree in Animal Genetics. Five have completedtheir M.V.Sc. {Final} and 3 are in M.V.Sc. {Previous}.(6) One post·doctoral scholar is conducted research in Division of Pathology. Eleven scholars are engagedin their doctoral programme and one has submitted his thesis. One candidate has submitted his M.v.Sc. (Final)thesis and 2 are in M.V.Sc. (Previous).(7) In Division of Physiology and Pharmacology, ten scholars are working for Ph.D. degree. One has submittedhis thesis, and six candidates are in M. V.Sc. (Previous).(8) Four scholars. are working for Ph.D. degree in the Division of Biological Standardization.(9) In Biochemistry Laboratory, Two Ph.D. scholars are pursuing their research work. Four scholars havesummitted their M.V.Sc. (Final) thesis and 10 scholars are in M.V.Sc. (Previous).(10) In IVRI VPH Unit at All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health Calcutta, one candidate worked forhis M.V.Sc. (Final) in VPH under the Professor of Veterinary Public Health.(11) Three students from Philippines successfully completed diploma courses one each in NDPVM, NDAHand NOAH.

60BUILDINGS AND CONST~UCTION WORKSI. Major works sanctioned(a) Construction of building for Feed Processing Section.(b) Construction of a laboratory building for Andman Centre at Port Blair.(c) Re·organisation and augmentation of Power Supply.II. Major works awarded by the C.P.W.O.(a)(b)(c)(dj(e)(f)Building for Rabies Block.Residential quarter at I.V.R.1. Izatnagar.Sheds for Gattle, Sheep and goats of Standardization Divisien.Construction of cement godown.Construction of irrigation channel.Divisional building for Standardization of Veterinary Biological Products.(g) Divisional building for Physiology and Pharmacology.(h)(j)Divisional buildings for Pathology, Epidemiology, Veterinary Public Health and Exp3rimental Medicine andSurgery 'Y' shap3d building.Construction of six breeding house each having 10 pens.III. Major works completed by the C.P.W.O.(a) Construction of six breeding houses each having 32 pens.(b) Building for Bacterial Vaccine Block.(c) . Construction of road in Poultry Farm.(d) Extension of Post-graduate student's Hostel.(e) Construction of sheds for Pathology Division.

61IX LIST OF PUBLICATION PUBLISHED DURING THE YEAR 1972Division of Bacteriology and Virology1. Agarwal, K.K., Prashad, A.K. and Kumar, S .. (1972). A note on the development of serum plate colouredantigen for the diagnosis of Avian Respiratory Mycoplasmosis in chickens.Indian J. Anim. Sci. 42 (2): 142-43.2. Ahuja, K.L. and Khera, S.S. (1972). Isolation of Salmonella in relation to mortality and carrier state in pigs.Indian J. Exptl. Bioi. 10 (3): 241-242.3. Chandra, S., Yadav, M.P. and Kumar, S. (1972). Studies on Ranikhet disease: Characterization of isolates ofRanikhet disease.Indian J. Anim. Sci. 42 (1) : 38.4. Chandra, S. and Kumar, S. (1972). Studies on Ranikhet disease: Adaptation and propagation of Ra(likhetdisease virus in cell cultures of chicken embryo fibroblast.Indian J. Anim. Sci. 42 (1) 41.5. Datt, N.S., Sehgal, CL, Sharma, G.L., Pandey, M.C. and Kumar, S. (1972). Studies on African horse. sicknessvirus type IX (Jaipur strain). Host range pathogenecity including adaptation to guinea pigs and mice.Indian J. Anim. Sci. 42 (6) : 438.6. Datt, N.S., Sehgal, C.L., Sharma, G.L. and Kumar, S. (1972). Studies on African horse sickness virustype IX (Jaipur strain) Immunological studies with mouse adapted virus.Indian J. Anim. Sci. 42 (6) : 442.7. Datt, N.S., Sehgal, C.L., Kumar, S., Sharma, R.N. and Sharma, G.L. (1972). Studies on African Horse sicknessvirus type IX (Jaipur strain). Adaptation of the virus to embryonating chicks and development of a modifiedvaccine strain.Indian J. Anim. Sci. 42 (8) : 601.8. Joshi, R.C., Shukla, D.C. and Bansal, R.P. (1972). Rinderpest diagnosis by Agar gel Double Diffusion Test.Indian Vet. J. 49: 449-456.9. Jana, A.M. and Mallick, B.B. (1972). Studies on the non-specific resistance against bacterial infection(Salmonella enteritidis) I. In vitro studies.Indian Vet. J. 49 (5) : 441.10. Kumar, S., Datt, N.S., Sharma, R.N., Mathur, B.B.L. and Sharma, G.L. (1972). Studies on African horse sicknessvirus type IX (Jaipur strain). Development of modified mouse strain vaccine.Indian J. Anim. Sci. 42 (6) : 446.11. Kumar, S., Mathur, S.B.L., Sharma, R.N., DaH, N.S. and Sharma, G.L. (1972). Studies on African Horsesickness virus type IX (Jaipur strain). Further studies on mouse adapted vaccine.Indian J. Anim. Sci. 42 (8) : 597.12. Kwatra, M.S., Sharma, G.L. and Singh, G. (1972). Haematological changes in ducks and fowls infectedexperimentally with Mycobacterium avium.Indian J. Exptl. BioI. 10: 125-128.

62'3. Kwatra, M.S., Sharma, G.L. and Singh, G. (1912). Relative su~ceetibil}ty of ducks and fowls to experimentalinfection with Mycobacterium ayium. -Indian J. Exptl. Boil. 10: 186-188.14. \ KWatra, M.S., Sharma, ·G.L. and Singh, Gajindar (1912). Some evidence on the genesis of giant cells in ,tuberculosislesions in poultry.Indian J. Exptl. Bibl. 10: 321-323.15. Mathur, B.B.L., Verma, K.C., Agarwal, K.K. ~nd Kumar, S. (1972). Serological survey for the detection ofcertain common respiratory infections in migiatory birds.Indian J. Anim. Sci. 42 (2) : 144-45.16. Moorthy, A.S.R. and Singh, S.P. (1972). Studies on the bacterial fibre of the female genital tract of goats.Indian Vet. J. Vol. 49 (7) : 644.17. Mukhopadhyay, A.K., Sen, G.P. Singh, G. aiid Kumar, S. (i9i2). Comparison of two vaccine againstBrucella abortus infection in guinea pigs.\Tl~)aTl~. ~Tl)m. \;\\\). ~o\. Xl \'2).18. Sen, G.P., Joshi, T.P. and Singh, G. (1972). Brucellosis in meat animals in Calcutta.Indian J. Anim. Hlth. 10: 197-198. .~.Shukla, R. R. and Singh, G. (1972). Studies on tuberculosis amongst Indian buffaloes.Indian Vet. J. 49: 119-123.20. Sen, G.P., Joshi, T.P. and Singh. G. (1972). Incidence of brucellosis among pigs in India. A short note.Indian Vet. J. 49 : 971-972.21. Sikdar, A., Singh, G., Banerjee, M.C. and Sha(ma, R.N. (1972). Isolation of Candiqa pseudopropicalis from.cases of abortion among mares.Indian J. Anim. Sci. 42 (3),22. Sen, A.K. and Uppal, P .K. (1972). Adaptation of sheep pox virus in embryonated eggs.Indian J. Anim. Sci. 42: 427.23. Sharma, R.N., Gupta, B.K., Kulshrestha. S.B., Kumar, S. and Rajya, B.S. (1972). Investigations into an outbreakof Blindness in chicks.Indian J. Anim. Hlth. Vol. XI: (2).24. Tewari, S.C., Oatt, N.S. and Kumar, S. (1972). Studies on African Horse Sickness virus: Haemagglutinationand haemagglutination inhibition tests with ptJrified virus suspensions.Indian J. Anim. Sci. 42 (8) : 593.25. Uppal, P .K., Wise, O.R. and Boldero, H.K. (1972). Vetrastructural characteristic of Mycoplasms gallisepticum,Mycoplasma gallinarum and Mycoplasma melegridis.Res. Vet. Sci., 13 : 200.26. Uppal, P.K. and Kumar, S. (1972). The problam of foot and mouth disease and its control.Indian Farming 22 : 129.27. Uppal, P.K., Singh, I.P., and Kumar, S. (1972). Role of sheep in the epidemiology of foot and mouth disease.tl1dran J. Anim. Prod. 3 (3) : 123.

Chhabra, R.C. and Singh, K.S. (1972).63Division of ParasitologyOn the cycle of Spirocerca lup; : Pre-infective stages in the intermediatehost. J. Helminthology, 46 : 125-137.Chhabra, R.C. and Singh, K.S. (1972). Histochemical study of spirocercosis in dO,9S. Indian J. Anim. ScL, 42:305-308.Chhabra, R.C. and Singh. K .S. (1972). Development and pathology of Spirocerca lupi in experimentally infectedkids and lambs. Indian J. Anim, Sci. 24 : 232-238.Chhabra, R.C. and Singh, K,S. (1972). Development of resistance in Spirocerca {upi infection. Indian J, Anim.Sci. 42 : 355-357.Chhabra. R,C. and Singh, K.S. (1972). Diagnosis, treatment and control of Spirocercosis in dogs. Indian J. Anim.Sci. 42 : 203-207.Chhabra, R.C. and Singh. K.S. (1972). On Spirocerca /up; infection in some parasonic hosts infected experimentally.Indian J. Anim. Sci. 42: 297-304.Dhar, D.N., Tewari, H.C. and Rao. Y.V,B. (1972). Prevalence of lungworm infection in sheep in Kashmir.Indian J. Anim. Sci. 42 (2): 112-114.Dhar. D.N., Tewari, H,C. and Rao. Y.B.V. (1972). Studies on radiation attenuated helminth va~cine 2. Fieldtrials with the radiation attenuated Dictyocaulus filaria vaccine in sheep in Kashmir. Indian J, Anim.Sci. 42 (2): 106-111.Gaur, S.N.S. and Deo, P.G. (1972), Observations on the transmission of Ascaria lumbricoides (pig and humanstrains) in certain heterologous hosts. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 42,4, : 281-284.Mittal, K.R. and T~wari, H.C. (1972). Serological studies in Dictyocaulus filaria (Rudolphi, 1809) infection.A preliminary note on the immunodiffusion test. Rivista di Parasitologia Vol. XXXIII No.1 Marzo 1972.Ravi Chandra and Singh, K.S. (1972). Histopathological studi~s on toe lesions caused by AmoeQotania spher.oides(Raillet, 1892). Indian J. Anim. Sci. 42 : 45-50.Srivastava, P.S. and Singh, K.S. (1972). Histopathological study of immature fascioliasis in guinea-pig. IndianJ. Anim. Sci. 42: 120-126.Srivastava, P.B. and Singh, K:S. (1972). Early migration of Fasciola gigantica Cubblold, 1855 in guinea-pig.Indian J. Anim. Sci. 42: 63-71.Srivastava, P.S. and Singh. K.S. (1972). Some ohservations on the pathology of e.xperimental Fasciola gigantic ainfection in rabbit. Indian J, Anim. Sci. 42 : 72-76.

64ANIMAL NUTRITION1. Ranjhan, S.K., S.K. Shukla, V.P. Kumar, I. Pathak, N.N. and Joshi, B.C. (1972). Effect on growth rate and.carcass composition in large white Yorkshire pigs on various plane of nutrition during growing finishingperiod. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 42: 453.2. Sawhney, P.C., Bedi, S.P., Singh and Bisarya, S.C. (1972). Studies on the digestibility of proximate andmineral utilization in growing calves on ration containing urea as partial protein substitute. Indian J.Nutr. & Diet. 9, 217-24.3. Sawhney, P.C., Bedi, S.P. Singh (1972). Trace elements content of hill feeds and fodder of Kumaunrange Naini Tal (UP). IndianJ. Anlm. Sci. (9) : 42.4. Sawhney, P.C., 8edi, S.~. Singh and Bisarya, S.C. Milk production in cows on poor quality roughage (WheatBhoosa) supplemented with cone. mixture containing different levels of urea. Indian J. Anim. Sci. (9).5. Sawhney, P.C., Bedi, S.P. Singh (1972). Haemoglobin status of animals of the hilly areas of HimachalPradesh. Indian J. Nutr. and Diet. 9.6. Miss U.R. Kapoor, O.N. Agarwal, V.C. Pachouri, K. Nath and Mrs. S. Narayan, Relationship between..!diet, the Cu and content of wool and fibre characteristics. J. Agrc. Sci. Cambridge 79, 109. 14.7. S.K. Ranjhan and S.J. Daniel (1972). Effect of varying roughage to conc. ratio on the growth rate ofHolstein (Bas taurus) Holstein x Hariana and Hariana (80S indicus calves). Indian J. Anim. Sci. 42,9,666.8. S.K. Ranjhan, R.C. Katiyar" P.N. Bhat and B.L. Raina (1972). Studies on growth responses of cross Bredcalves. Effect of limited milk intake on the growth of cross bred calves upto 3 months of age. Indian J.Anim. Sci 42, 11.9. M.M. Jayal and B.P. Misra (1972). Utilization of Chicken excreta as a protein source to replace ground nutcake protein of a concentrate mixture in the ration of cattle: A note. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 41, 613.10. Katiyar, R.C., Ranjhan, S.K., Bhat, P.N., Raina, B.L. (1972). Comparative studies on the growth rate, voluntary v'food consumption and utilization of nutrient in cross bred calves. Indian J. Animal Sci. 42, 11.11. Katiyar, R.C., Ranjhan, S.K., Bhat, P.N. and Raina, B.L. (1972). Effect of varying forage to cone.ration on growth rate of cross bred calves. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 42, 11.12. R.C. Katiyar, S.K. Ranjhan, (1972). Economics of subsidairy Animal Husbandry programme for the small andmarginal farmers. Indian Dairy Man. 5, 1.13. Pathak, N.N. and Ranjhan,. S.K. (1972). Effect of two levels of energy and protein intakes on the weight gainof pregnant large white pigs their litre size and litter performance. Indian J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 42-12.14. (Miss) U.R. Kapoor, K. Nath, B.P. Singh and S.K. Ranjhan. A note on the nitrates in some common feeds andfodders in relation to Livestock feeding. Indian J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 42-3.15. V.K. Vijjan and R.C. Katiyar (1973). Type of tannins in deoiled sal seed meal and oak kernel. Their metabolicbehaviour in sheep. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 43. 5.

65POULTRY RESEARCH DIVISIONPublished1. V.R. Sadagopan, T.D. Mahadevan, S.S. Verma and S. Bose (1972). The effect of varying energy and proteinlevels in rations on the internal quality of eggs. Indian J. Poultry Sci., VII (3) : 15-18.2. V.K. Goel (1972). Animal Protein supplements in chick rations (A Review). Indian Poultry Review, 4: 235.3. George lances, V. K. Gael and B. Panda (1972). Endocrine behaviour and certain semen characteristics ofWhite Leghorn cocks fed salseed cake and damaged wheat. Indian J. Poultry Sci. 7 : 27-33.4. S.V.S. Verma (1972). Sal its contribution in National Economy. Indian Poultry Review, Vol 3 : 3-4.5. S.V.S. Verma and B. Panda (1972). Studies on the metabolizable energy values of salseed meal (Shorearobusta) and sal seed cake by chemical and biological evaluation in chicks. Indian J. Poultry Science7:5-12.6. S.V.S. Verma, K.K. Pal and B. Panda (1972). Salseed-A new source of animal feed. The Mysore PoultryFarmers Association-SC)venier, 25-26.7. R.K. Kumrah, T.D. Mahadevan and B. Panda (1972). Efficiency of chlortetracyclin in controlling spoilage ofdressed poultry meat stored at different temperatures. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 42 : 430-433.8. S.C. Mohapatra (1972). Artificial insemination in poultry. Indian Poultry Gaz. 56 : 48-51.9. T.S. Johri (1972). Vitamin requirements according to energy level of the ration. Poultry Guide, 10(4) : 23 (1972).10. T.S. Johri (1972). Cereal free and all vegetable protein starter rations. Poultry Today, April 1972 pp. 17.11. K.K. Pal, U.C. Saxena and T.S. Johri (1972). A pointer for selecting good quality rice bran for poultry rations.The Mysore Farmers Association, Souvenier (1972) pp. 10.

0.vB.66DIVISION OF ANIMAL GENETICS1. Arora, R.L. and Luktuke, S.N. (1972). Studies on equine reproduction: Foal Heat. Ind. J. Anim. Sci.,42 (3), 199·202.2. Bhattacharya, A.R. (1972). Oestrus and ovarian activities of buffaloes in different months. Ind. Vet. J., 49: 54.3. Eapen, K.J. and Goswami, O.B. (1972). Inheritance of plasma amylase activity in White Leghorn. Ind. J.Hered., 2 : 129.4. Goswami, O.B. and Eapen, K.J. (1972). Effect of age and lactation on biochemical variants in Hariana cattle.II. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity. SABRO, 4: 73.5. Khan, B.U., Benjamin, B.R. and Luktuke, S.N. (1972). Physiological and histopathological studies on ovaryin Indian buffaloes. Jour. Rem. Vet. Corps, 11 (4) : 3-7.6. Khanna, N.D. and Sin~lh, Harpreet (1972). Serum albumin polymorphism in four Indian Cattle breeds. IndianJ. Anim. Sci., 42: 470-71.Khanna, N.D., Singh, Harpreet, Tandon, K.N., Mazumder. N.K. Sinha, D.P. and Singh, Harpla (1972). Studieson blood group antigenic factors in ten Indian cattle breeds. J. Anim. Morph. Physio., 19: 54-62.Khanna, N.D., Singh, Harpreet, Bhatia, S.S. and Bhatt, P.N. (1972). A rare haemoglobin variant in Afghancattle crosses. Anim. Blood Grp. biochem. Genet., 3 : 59-60.9. Luktul

67DIVISION OF PATHOLOGYList of Publication During 1972.Sharma, R.N., Mohanty, G.C. and Rajya, B.S. (1972). Skin manifestations of Marek's Disease. Current Sci.41 (19) 708-710.Sharma, R.N. and Mohanty, G.C. (1972). Skeletal muscle lesions in Marek's disease. Indian J. Poult. Sci. 7,(2) 5-7.vSharma, R.N., Krishna, S.G., Mohanty, G.C and Rajya, B.S.(1972) Studies on the pathology of Marek's disease I.Pathological response of chicken embryos to MD isolates. 2nd Poultry Sci. Symposium. Ludhiana.Mohanty, G.C., Acharjyo, L.N. and Rajya, B.S. (1972). Epidemiology of Marek's Disease (MD); studies on theincidence of MD precipitins in some zoo birds. Ibid.Mohanty, G.C., Sharma, R.N· and Rajya, B.S. (1972). Epidemiology of Marek's Disease (MD) : Use of featherfollicle precipitinogen and serum precipitins in diagnosis and their efficay under certain conditions. Ibid.Mohanty, G.C., Shamla, R.N., Krishna, S.G. and Rajya, B.S. (1972). Studies on the pathology of Marek's Disease(MD). fl. Localization of viral antigen in embryonic tissues. Ibid.Rajya, B.S., Mohanty, G.C. and Sharma, R.N. Pashu Rag Vigyan ki nai Dishayen. Kheti 24 (12) 40-41.Sharma, R.N., Gupta, B.K., KulshrElstha, S.B., Kumar S. and Rajya, B.S. (1972). Investigations into an outbreak ofblindness in chicks. Indian J. Animal Health. 11 (2) 193-198.Mohanty, G.C., Sharma, R.N. and Rajya, B.S. (1972). Marek's Disease Alumni Asson. Bull. IV, 36-40.Sah, R.L., Acharjyo, L.N. and Mohanty, G.C. (1972). Ulcerative enteritis (Quail's disease) like condition in 200birds. Indian J. Poult. Sci. 1 (4) : 29-33.Kaushal, B.S., Dutt, B. and Vasudevan, B. (1972). Influence of certain dietary elements on the formation ofurinary calculi, gain in we'ight and some blood constituents in calves. I. High dietary phosphorus intake,or avitaminosis 'A' or both in calves. Indian Veterinary J. 49 : 39-48.Kaushal, B.S., Dutt, B. and Chakrabarti, R.L. (1972). Some evidence on the role of high dietary phosphorus andmagnesium intake in urolithiasis in calves. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 42 (11) : 905-910.Charan, K., Iyer, P.K.R. and Kaushal, B.S. (1972). Diffuse pulmonary calcification and ossification in a goat(Capra hircus). Indian J. Anim. Sci., 42 (10) : 824-26.Mataney, C.F., Bhatia, K.C., Iyer, P.K.R. and Kaushal. B.S. (1972). Urolithiasis in a guinea-pig (Cavia porcel/us).Science & Culture, 38 : 148-149.Iyer, P.K.R. and Mataney, C.F. (1972). Spontaneous mammary periacinar fibroadenoma in a rat. Indian J. AnimalSciences, 42 : 460-463.Iyer, P.K.R., Rao, A.T., Acharjyo, L.N., Sahu, S. and Misra, S.K. (1972). Systemic nocardiosis in a Hill Mynah.Mycopath. Mycol. App!. 48 : 223-229.Dutt, B., Rao, T.S., Chakrabarti, R.t. and Iyer, P.K.R. (1972). Note on the occurrence of Sq. Cell carcinoma in agoat. Indian Vet. J. 49: 1196.

Charan, K., Iyer, P .K.R. and DlJtt, B. (1972). Pathological studies on os~eor~nal ~syndromeJ. 49: 743-750.68in goats. Indian Vet.Charan, K. and Iyer, P.K.R. (1972). The occurrence of Fasciola Gigantica, in the ,kidney of a goat. Indian Vet. J.49: 1062-1063.Rao, A.T., Acharjyo, LN. and Iyer, P.K.R. (1972). Ha9moside~osis in' a Moscoby duck (Cairina Moschata). CurroSci. 41 : 342.lal Krishna, Iyer, P.K.R. and Sharma, R.M. (1972). Studies on the pathology of combined melanin and lipofuschinin ovine livers. Indian J. Ani. Sci. 42 : 827-828.Gill, B.S., Iyer, P.K.R. and Sharma, R.M. (1972). Soontaneou$ metastatic calcification in fowl. Indian J. Ani.Sci. 42: 975-977.Khanna, R.S. and Iyer, P .K.R. (1972). Occurrence of diffuse cortical necdosis associated with calcification inovine kidney. Indian J. Ani. Hlth. 11 : 215-218.Paliwal, O.P., Charan, K. and lal Krishna (1972). A case of Hepatoma in sheep. Indian Vet. J. 49: No.1 0 : 1975.DIVISION OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY1. Kiran Singh, Khub Singh, Soni, B.I

694. Mittal, K.R. and Tewari, H.C. (1972). Serological studies in Dictyocaulus filaria (Rudolphi, 1809) infections.A preliminary note on the immunodifussion test. Revista di Parasitologia XXXIII (1), 29-34.5. Mittal, K.R., (1972). Standardisation of Veterinary Biological Products (in Hindi). Kheti 24, (12),43-44.6. Srinivasan, V.A., Mittal, K.R., Jaiswal, T.N. and Srivastava, S.K., (1972). A preliminary note on the effect ofdifferent animals sera on the germination of Bacillus anthracis. Indian Vet. J. 49 (7), 641-44.7. Tewari, H .C., Mittal, K.R. and Ghandhra Rao, Y.V.B. (1972) A preliminary note on the passive haemagglutinationtest to detect circulating antibodies in sheep vaccinated with irradiated larvae of D. filaria.Indian Vet.J. 49 (1), 11-14.8. Tewari, H.C., Mittal, K.R. and Gandhara Rao, Y.V.B. (1972). Sonle observations on the serology cif D.filaria (Rudolphi. 1809) infection. Indian Vet. J. 49 (3). 246-249.REGIONAL ANIMAL NUTRITION RESEARCH CENTRE1. Negi, S.S .• Gi", R.S. Katoch, B.S. and Kaushal, J.R. (1972). Determination of digestible energy in ruminantrations. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 42, 84.2. Pal, R.N., Pachauri, V.C. and Negi, S.S. (1972). Comparative Nutritive value of oak kernels vis a vis maizein cattle rations. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 42, 341.3. Pal, R.N., Negi, 5.5. and Sharma, D.O. (1972). Utilization of phak (rice mill feed) in poultry mashes. IndianVet. J. 49, 1065.4. Gill, R.S. and Negi, S.S. (1972). Digestibility and nutritive value of green hybrid napier. JNKVV ResearchJournal. 6, 72.5. Pal, R.N., Sharma, B.N. and Negi, S.S. (1972). Evaluation of machine dried vis a vis conventional grass haysprepared in Himachal Pradesh. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 42, 873.Veterinary Public Health Unit, Calcutta1. Brucellosis among pig in India-a short note. Indian Vet. J. 49 : 971.2. Comparison of two vaccines against Brucella abortus infection 'in guinea pigs. Indian J. Anim. Hlth., 2 : 203.librariesTECHNICAL SECTIONSIzatnagar-During the year, 661 titles of journals were subscribed. 1588 new books were added to thestock, thus making the total number of books at 15.729. Under the scheme of inter-library loan, the library hascatered to the needs of different veterinary colleges, agricultural universities etc. by supplying books, journalsetc. Students and research workers in veterinary science and allied subjects from all parts of the country visitedthe library for consultation.Mukteswar-The number of new books added during the year was 400 making a total of 8876. Tota Inumber of journals/periodicals subscribed during the year was 105 and about 25,000 publications were consultedby the research workers and scholars. The library issued 1500 publications. 300 periodicals were loanedto various institutions on inter-library loan programme.the use of research workers and scholars.About 5000 journals were loaned to Izatnagar Library for

70ENGINEERING SECTIONIzatnagarThe Section had to perform the following duties:-1. Refrigeration engineering.2. Electrical engineering.3. Mechanical engineering.4. Agricultural engineering.The main function and responsibility of this Section are:-1. Maintenance and upkeep of the modem scientific machines and equipments received in differentDivisions/Sections from time to time.2. Distribution and utilization of electric energy in the residential and non-residential buildings.3. Maintenance and repair of electric and electronic instruments.4. Production and supply of gns (K. Oil) and (Petrol).5. Installation, maintenance and repairs of refrigerators, freeze-dryers, high vacuum equipments formanufacturing biological products.6. Manufacture and fabrication of panel-stands, boxes, almirahs, test tubes stands, water troughs, traysand rabbit trays etc. and many other gadgets demanded by the scientists at this Institute from time to time.7. Maintenance and upkeep of automobiles and bullock carts.8 A number of scientific instruments and apparatus and other laboratory equipments were- examined,repaired and re-installed. These are enumerated as below;-PH meters, electric autoclaves, hot air ovens, 'steam sterilizers, parafin baths, muffle furnaces, securaincubators, feed mixing machine, refrigerators, egg cooling cabinet, spectrophoto meters, dental drillingmachines, air com pressers, vacuum pumps, hot plates etc.Units of electric energy cO!lsumed in the residential and non-residential buildings of the Institute were13,15.053.K. oil gas produced and supplied to the various Divisions/Sections was 1,57,630 eft.MukteswarThe work of the section included (a) pumping and supply of water (5,19,12,100 litrE'S), (b) 2,03,945 kgsteam gEnerated and 2,952 litres distilled water produced, (c) 2,00,993 kg steam produced and supplied for autoclayework, 8,580 cu.m. gas, (d) 3,56,393 units of electricity were supplied by Hydel and 618 hours electricitywas generated by standby generating set, (e) 615 quintals of grains were ground. One pump was repairedand overhauled. A 800 Kva transformer was installed. Services were rendered to the laboratories effectivelyin maintenance and repairs of equipments, vehicles etc.

71ESTATE SECTIONSIzatnagarDuring the year 1972, 570.660 acres cu~ltivated land was put under Kharif crops and 242.59 acres underRabi crops. 10,380.890 metric tonnes green fodder and 546.686 metric tonnes dry fodder was produced in abovecropped land for feeding the livestock of the Institute. 31.377 metric tonnes wheat seed, 6.12 quintal Lahi seedand 21.842 metric tonnes oats seed was produced during the year 1972. 10 acres land in field No.4 and 1 acreof land near Gate No.1 were shaped and levelled for efficient irrigation.In the process of mechanizing the farm operation two 4 bottom mounted ploughs of USSR origin ModelP.N. 4-35-A, and two forage harvestors were purchased during the year.This will help in bringing higher efficiency in agricultural operations and timely harvesting of fodder.MukteswarFarm Section: The activities of this section is to cultivate fodders green grass and vegetable and to maintainthe apple gardens. 55.1 hac. land is under cultivation of this section. During the year under report 7226.42qts. '1fPen grass and maize was supplied to Veterinary Section of this Institute for use of animals. About 1560q s. hay was collected by this Section. 2470.53 qts. maize used for preparation of silage out of which 106 qts.maize was used for ,:-reparation of silage meant for Central Potato Research Station, Mukteswar. 15.22 qts.vegetable leaves was supplied for the feeding purpose of small animals. An income of Rs. 2828.22 was receivedfrom the sale of fruits and vegetable from the gardens maintained by this Section. 81.39 qts. fertilizers of differentkinds were used in cultivation. Besides this different types and qualities of flowers were maintained in thelrestitute campus. Some experimental work on fodder grasses in progress under this section.Estate Section: The activity of this section is to purchase grain, maintenance, arrangement and also toprepare feed and mixture for use of animals. During the year a sum of Rs. 1,88,309.45 was spent for purchaseof grain and hay and preparation of feed and mixture. About 500 quintals boddlng (pine leaves) were collected.Seven deparmental work under estimate, 372 jobs of repairs etc., petty work were under taken by this section, inaddition to daily routine work of manufacture and packing etc. of 323 Rly. boxes and 261 post boxes.Forest Section: The total area under laboratory comes to 3466.8 acres out of this area 2736 acres comesunder forest which has been divided into 20 compartments. Rest of the area namely station areas consists of landaround the Institute and 8 out Kraals. Out of the total area 50 acres land has been transferred to the CentralPotato Research Institute, stationed at Mukteswar. 14.83 acres of land comes under motor road, P.W.D. (U.P.)and 1.31 acres land to Canal department, U.P.IzatnagarThe total plantation work of different plants done during the year is 6,700 plants.MEDICAL SECTIONThe attendance for medical treatment was 49404 new cases, 49084 old cases and 2929 emergency casesThe Hospital has facilities for minor operations, clinical laboratory tests sllch as pathological tests (3145). biochemicaltests (39) and serological tests (35). The X'ray plant which was installed on 9- 8· 1972; had taken 114X'ray film and conducted 149 screenings. The hospital provided facilities for proplylactic treatment against smallpox, cholera, typhoid etc. Assistance was also provided to local family planning unit.MukteswarOn an average daily 72.1 indoor and out-door patients were treated. Other activities included (1) vaccinationagainst small pox, cholera, typhoid etc, (2) implementation of family planning programme in addition totaking public health measures such as adequate sanitation of the campus. Facilities for X'ray and screening werealso provided (3). A total of 33 labour cases were attended successfully.

72VETERINARY SECTIONMukteswarThe activities of this Section· included the purchase of small and large animals, their maintenance, breedingand supply for research work at Mukteswar and Izatnagar. During the year under report, 1158 large animals werepurchased and 171 large animals were bred. 16,989 small animals were also bred at this Section. 181 large andsmall animals were received from Izatnagar. 125 small animals were purchased. 3066 small and large animals weresupplied to Izatnagar. 14537 small and large animals were supplied to different laboratories at I. V. R. I.,Mukteswar. A total number of 25458 large and small animals are/were maintained in this Section. A sum ofRs. 8836.65 were earned by sale and auction of small and large animals. Out of this Rs. 1000.00 were earnedfrom State Vaccine Institute, Patwadangar, by supply of 500 mice. Rs. 1847.70 were earned by commands at 7riding and 6 pack ponies maintained by this Section. The other important activity of this service Section is themaintenance or dairy animals and supply of milk and milk products. The Mukteswar dairy possess Afgan, Afganhill and cross-bred cows. The total milk yield during the year is 57786 litres.InternationalCONFERENCES/SYMPOSIAL/SUMMER INSTITUTESDr. B. Panda, Head, Division of Poultry Research under F.A.O. Fellowship programme sponsored byI.C.A.R./UNDP (SF) India-88 visited a number of Scientific institutions during August-October 1972, such asU.K. Canda, U.S.A., Australia & Japan. The aim was to study latest Scientific and technological developmentsin the field of animal science with specific reference to poultry science.Dr. S.K. Ranjhan, Head, Division of Animal Nutrition was deputed to attend the expert panel meeting onthe use of radio isotopes in tropical animal production held in Indonesia in October 1972.National1. Symposium on Poultry, Physiology, Housing and Management held in March 1972.2. Workshop on Epidemiological studies on Foot and Mouth Disease held at Mukteswar, in April 1972.3. Meeting of Advisory Panel for Regional Animal Nutntion Research Palampur April 1972.4. Indian 80uncil of Medical Research Seminar on Tissue Culture held at Mukteswar from 8-10 May, 1972. Dr.C.M. Singh, Director Was the General Chairman. He also chaired session and conducted the plenuarysession. The seminar' was largely attended by medical and veterinary scientists from all over the country.5. Sympo~ium on Poultry Breeding and Genetic$ held in June 1972.6. General Body Meeting of Indian Poultry Science Association, June 1972.7. Summer Institute in Avian Pathology from 15 May to 14 July 1972.8. Summer Institute in Veterinary Public Health, in June/July 1972.9. Symposium on Processing, Preservation and Marketing of poultry and poultry products, in December 1972.Staff courses in collaboration with Directorate of Extention, Ministry of Agriculture.Government of India10. Staff Course in subject Matter and Extension Techniques in Animal HUSbandry December 1971 jJanuary 1972.11. Staff course in Disease Surveillance and Extension Techniques December 1971 jJanuary 1972.Short Term Courses12. Training in use of Scintillation counter under UNDPjSF Project, conducted by Dr. R.A. Leng and staff ofN.R.L. in March/April 1972.13. Training on separation technique under UNDPjSF Project conducted by Dr. Kristen and staff of N.R.L. inNovember 1972.Besides, the officers from various Divisions, attended a number of meetings, conferences, seminars etc.Divisional Seminars were held regularly in various Division topics of mutual interest were discussed.

Project Code No. BV·1.011TitlePrincipal investigatorColtaboratorsProject Code No. BV·1.013TitlePrincipal investigatorCoHaboratorProject Code BV-1.0l4-TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorsProject Code No. BV·1.018Title'Principal investigatorCollaboratorsProject Code No. BV-1.019JTitlePrincipal investigatorCollaborators73-LIST OF RESEARCH PROJECTS FOR 1973Division of Bacteriology & VirologyProduction and standardization of cell cultured inactivatedvaccine against foot and mouth disease vaccine.M.C. PandeyB.S. Begi, I.J. Prasad, R.N. Sharma, A.C. GoelTo study the efficacy of acetyletheleneimine (AEI) asinactivatin~ agent using primary calf kidney corticalcells infected with FMD virus.P.K. UppalS. KumarComparative value of Saponin and aluminium hydroxidegel as adjuvant in the preparation of F.M.D. vaccine.P.K. UppalS. Kumar, M.C. Pandey, S.K. DasCalf hood vaccination against foot and mouth disease.P.K. UppalS. Kumar, S.K. Das, P.N. BhattStudies of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus in BHKCell line 21.P.K. UppalS.K. Das, S. Kumar1.02 RinderpestProject Code No. BV-l.02'ilTitlePrincipal'investigator:CollaboratorsProject Code No. BV-1.022TitlePrincipal' investigato!!'CoUaboratos:.Survey of diseases simulating Rinderpest.R.P. BansalR.C. Joshi, S. KumarStudies on role of sheep and goats as careers ofrinderpest virus and transmission of disease to cattle.R.P. BatlsalR.C. JOihi.

74Project Code No. BV-1.024TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. BV-1.025TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaborators1.03 Sheep PoxProject Code No. BV-1.031TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorsProject Code No BV-1.032TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaborators1.04 RabiesProject Code No BV-1.041TitlePrincipal iiwestigator2.000 Bacterial and Rickettsial Infections.2.01 PasteuProject Code No BY-2 011TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaborators2.02 Tuberculosis and Johne's disease.Project Code No BV-2.022TitleSerological tests for the assessment of immuneresponse of vaccinated animals(a) Indirect gel diffusiontest. (b) Indirect Haemagglutination test.R.C.JoshiR.P. BansaiStudies on tissue culture rinderpest vaccine prepared iniamb/buff calf kidney cell cuJture system.RP. BansalS. Kumar R.C. JoshiTo evolve a suitable vaccine against sheep pox.S. KumarAK. Pandey D.C. ShuklaProduction of live attenuated sheep pox vaccino andits field trials.A.K. PandeyS. Kumar, D.C. ShuklaSurvey of bat population rodents and wild and domesticanimals for the existence of rabies infection.B.K. KathuriaStudies for development of combined vaccine forcontrol of haemorrhagic septicaemia and black quarter.N.C. SrivastavaP.C. Harbola, S.S. KheraStandardising diagnostic procecures for tuberculosisand Johnete disease in various species of domesticanimals and studying the problem of non-specificreactions.

75Principal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. BV-2.023TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaborator2.03 BrucellosisProject Code No. BV-2.032TitlePrincipal investigatorProject Code No. BV-2.033TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. BV-2.034-TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaborator2.04 LeptospirosisProject Code No. BV-2.041TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaborator2.05 Anaerobic-InfectionsProject Code No. BV-2.051TitlePrincipal investigatorProject Code No. BV -2.052TitlePrincipal investigatorGajindar SingtK.D. BhayaExperimental vaccination against Johne's disease.Gajindar SinghK.D. BhayaProduction and standardization of A.B.R. Antigen.T.P. JoshiTo explore the significance of vaccinated strain of brucellaImmunization of Cattle.T.P. JoshiS. KumarTo find out the possibility of differentitation of animalswith post vaccines reactions from those suffering frombrucellosis.T.P. JoshiS. KumarStudies on leptospirosis with particular reference toprevalence in the organized farms.P.S.R.C. MurtiS.S. KheraStudies on Black disease Vaccine.P.C. HarbolaDevelopment of purified rllulticumponent clostridialvaccine for protecting sheeps against.(a) Entrotoxamia due to Ct. welchi; 'C' and 'D'(b) Lamb dysentry due to Ct. welchhi 'B'(c) Black'disease due to C/. odemations(d) Maligna toedema and braxy due to C/. septicum.P .C. Harbola

76BV. 2.06 GlandersProject Code No. BV-2.061TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaborator2.11 MastitisStudies on diagnosis of glanders.Gajindar SinghO.K. RayProject Code No. BV-2.111TitlePrincipal investigatorCEliiaboratorStudies on Mastitis with particular reference to eafiydiagnosis of preachnical infection and of disease producedby mycoplasma.5.5. Khera6'J. C. Srivastava2.13 Infectious abortionsProject Code No. BV-2.131TitlePrincipal investigatorCOllaborators2.14 Disease InvestigationProject Code No. BV-2.141TitlePrincipal InvestigatorCollaborator3.000 Myxorix InfectionsProject Code No. BV-3.01TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaborator5.000 Tissue CultureProject Code No. BV-5.01TitlePrincipal InvestigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. BV-5.02TitleStudies on abortion syndromes of Farmstock.S.S. KheraS: Kumal, N.C. Srivastava. P.S.R.C. MUltiDisease lnvestigation diagnost~c se.rvice and supply ofbacterial type cultures.S.S. KheraN.C. SrivastavaDiagnosis of Mycotic infection including isolation identificationof fungi flOrn pathological condition.A. SikdarGajindar SinghOevelopment amj study of diffeTent cell lines of specialinterest in the Veterinary Science.RP. BansalRC. joshiStudies on transformation of continous cell culturesand its implications.

Principal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. BV-5.03TitlePrincipal investigator6.01 Doctoral StudiesProject Code No. BV-6.011TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. BV-6.014TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. BV-6.015TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. BV-6.017'TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaborator6.02 Master StudiesProject Code No. BV-6.027TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. BV.6.02STitlsPrincipal investigator,Collaborator77S.K. ChawlaS. KumarAssay of possible occurrence of virus and Rickettsiain calf lamb and goat kidneyemployed for different vaccines.S .K. Chawla6.000 DOCTORAL AND POST GRADUATE STUDIEScell cultures beingStudies on serological diagnosis of chronic bacterialdiseases.Gajindar SinghG. L SharmaStudies on foot and mouth disease virus vaccine indifferent domestic animals susceptible to this disease.A.K. PandeyN.S. OattStudies on Contagious Ecthyma and goats pox anddevelopment of vaccines against them.A.K. PandeyN.S. DattStudies on rickettsial infections in ruminants.M.N. KulkarniN.S.DattStudies on sheep pox virus.Privabrate SarkarS.P. SinghStudies on propagation of foot and mouth disease virustype 'C' and Asia I in buffalo calf kidney and itsimmunogenicity.H.N. ChauhanP.K. Uppal...

78DIVISION OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTSBP-1.Viral VaccinesProject Code No. BP-1,07TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorBP-2. Bacterial VaccinesProject Code No. BP-2.01TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. BP-2.05TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorBP-3. Sera & Diagnostic AgentsBP-4. Cell Cultures Viral VaccinesProject Code No. BP-4.01TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. BP-4.03TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. BV-4.03TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorStudies on the infectivity and antigenecity of thechick embryo adapted rabies vaccine.P. MadhusudanSubhash ChandraStudies on the improvement of procedure for betteryield of epsion toxin in the manufacture of potentEnterotoxaemia vaccine.Roshan LalA.K. SinghH.S. Adjuvant Vaccine-Imprdvement through aerationtechnique.S.,S. NangiaM.S. YadavProduction of rinderpest cell clJltme vaccine.Y.P. NandaT.P. ParaiUse of cell lines for titration of R.P. cell culture vaccine.Y.P. NandaT.P. ParaiUse of cell lines fOT titration of R.P. Cell culture vaccine.Y.P. NandaT.P. ParaiProject Code No. BV-4.04TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorStudies with swine fever virus in tissue cuJtufe.K.C. SinhaR.P.Misra

79Project Code No. BP-4.05TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorsSP-6. Post Graduate Studies 'Ph. D. ScholarsProject Code No. BP-6.01TitlePrincipal investigatorGuideProject Code No. BP-6.02TitlePrincipal investigatorGuideProject Code No. BP-6.03TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorStudies with R.P. cell culture vaccine in buffalo calvesand zebu cattle.Y.P. NandaT.P. Para;, K.C. SinhaStudies with Rinderpest virus adaptedculture.Y.P. NandaT.S. GulrajaniStudies on swine fever virus.R.P. Misra1.S. GulrajaniInfectious pneumonia of pigs.R.S. lachhiramani1.S. Gulrajanion the cellDIVISION OF PARASITOLOGYEntomologyProject Code No. PS·' .05TitlePrincipal investigatorProject Code No. PS-1.06TitlePrincipal investigatorHelminthologyProject Code No. PS-2.02TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. PS-2.03TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorStudies on the effect of chemostetilants onreproduction in stable fly stomoxys calcitrans L.S.C. SrivastavatheEffect of gamma-radiation and chemosterilants on theproductive potential of ticks.S.C. SrivastavaBiology and control of FaSCiolopsis buski, an intestinalparasite of man and pig.H.C. MalviyaKr. Suresh SinghImmunization of chickens against Ascaridia go/II.G. SubramanianKr. Suresh Singh

soProject Code No. PS-2.04TitlePrincipal investigatorProject Code No. PS-2.05TitlePrincipal investigatorCollarboratorsProject Code No. PS-2.06TitlePrincipal investigatorProtozologyProject Code No. PS-3.04TitlePrincipal investigatorImmunologyProject Code No. PS-4.01TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorsProject Code No. PS-4.02TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code 'No. PS-4.03TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorsProject Code No. PS-4.04TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorsHost-parasite relationship in 8unostomum trigoecopha(um(Rudolphi, 1808)V.K. Srivastava~Epicemiology, ecology and control of Haemonchuscontortus.A.S. ThakurR.L. Sharma, Kr. $uresh SinghEpidemiology, ecology and control of liver-flukeinfecfion_P.G. DeoSludies on the development of drug resistance inEimeria necatrix of poultry.M.N. MalhotraStudies on immuno1ogical response and on radiationu(usfilaria.D.N. DharKr. Slifesh Singh, O.K. Ray

81rnvitro StudiesProject Code No. PS-5.0tTitlePrincipal investigatorPost Graduate StudiesProject Code No. PS-S.04TitlePrincipal investigatorProject Code No. PS-6.05TitlePrincipal investigatorProject Code N.o. PS-S.09TitlePrincipal investigatorProject Code No. PS-6.11TitlePrincipal investiga10rProject Code No. PS-6.13TitlePrincipal investigatorProject Code No. PS-6.16TitlePrincipar investigatorProject Code No_ PS-6.17T~tle-Pfincipat investigatorProject Code No. PS-6.18TitlePrincipal investigatorCytochemical analysis of pathogenicity of TrichOnonasfoetus in chick liver cell cultures.N.N. SharmaStudies on biology of chickens coccidia and immuneresponse following infection with irradiated cocysts.M.N. MalhotraTicks (Ixodidae) of domestic animals in Bareilly andsome studies on Hyalomma (Hyalommina) sharif 1928.R.C. NaithaniStudies on the bionomics and control of some Hyalommaticks infesting livestock in India.M.H. KhanStudies on the toxonomy, biology and host parasiterelationship of Oesophagostomes of pig.S.R.G. MurlidharamStudies on the effects of certain anti-coccidial agentson exogenous and endogenous developmental stagesof poultry coccidia.N. SatyanarayanacharyuluSome studies on 6aigeria pachyscelis (Racil & Henry)-a hookworm of sheep and goat.Zaffarulla AnsariStudies on Schistosoma masale Rao, 1933 includinghost parasite relationship.Smt. Gita BiswasAnaplasmosis: Chemotherapy and cyto-chemistry..A.K. Misra

82Project Code No. PS-6.19TitlePrincipal investigatorProject Code No. PS·6.20TitlePtinoipa\ investigatorProject with International CollaborationProject Code No. PS-7.01TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorsAll India Coordinated ProjeetProject Cpde No. PS-8.01TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorInvestigations into certain aspects of Stephanofilariasis indomestic animals in India.B. PatnaikImmunological studies in bovine theileriasis.P.S. SrivastavaStudies on radiation attenuated vaccine with particularreference to lungworm (Dictyocaulus filaria) of sheep& goats.H.C. TewariD.N. Dhar, Kr. Suresh Singh, O.K. RayCoordinated project of research on the investigationand control of Stephana-filarial dermatitis in domesticanimals.B. PatnaikM.H. Khan~ANtMAl NUTRtTlON DW\S\ON. AN-1. Feed processing and Technology-Use of Industrial by-products as cattle feedProject C::ode No. AN-1.06TitlePrincipal investigatorProject Code No. AN-1.07TitlePrincipal investigatorProject Code No. AN -1.08TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorAN-2. Cattle and Buffalo NutritionProject Code No. AN -2.03TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorsUtilization of sea weeds as cattle feed.M.M. Jayal,Nutritional studies with Dhup cake.M.M. JayalNutritional studies with Neem CGke.S.S. BediV.S. VijjallEffect of limited milk intake on the growth rate Holstein xHariana, Jersey x Hariana and Brown Swiss x Hariana crossbred calves.S.K. RanjhanRC. Katiyar, P.N. Bhat

83Project Code No. AN-2.07TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorsProject Code No. AN-2.0STitlePrincipal investigatorAN-1-2 InvestigationProject Code No. AN-2.01TitlePrinr.jp_8J j.l)lIes!.igalDlCollabotatorAN-3. Sheep and Goat NutritionProject Code No. AN -3.04TitleStudies on Buffalo NutritionP. 1, Effect of two levels of milk intake snd adlib calf starter ongrowth and rumen development upto 3 months.P. 2. Studies on growth rate from 3-12 months of age on differentprotein intake.Kedar NathS.K. Ranjhan. U.R. Kapoor. S.S. TripathiAmeleorative measures against flourosis in cattle.B.S. KaushalDistribution of trace element in the feeds and fodders.P.C. SawhneyS.A. KhanEffect of different forage to concentrate ratio on the growthand carcass composition of lambs.Phase 1 -Using wheat straw as the basal roughage.Phase ~-Using dub hay as the basal roughage.Principal investigatorCollaboratorsAN-4. Pig and laboratory Animal NutritionProject Code No. AN-4.0BTitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorsR.C. KatiyarQ.Z. Hassan. S.K. Ranjhan. P.N. Bhat. S.J. DanielGrowth and Carcass studies of large white and large whiteLandrace and Landrace pigsat different live weights.Aditya KumarB.C. Joshi. S.K. Ranjhan. B.L. RainaAN-5. Rumen Digestion and metabolismProject Code No. AN-5.14TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. AN-5.17TitlePrincipal investigatorBiochemical studies of rumen microbes connected withcellulose and protein metabolism with special reference toenzymes and protein biosynthesis.C.K. WahalP.C. Sawhn~yStudies on typing different count of rumen microflora incattle buffalo. sheep under various dietary conditions.R.V.N. Srivastava

84Project Code No. AN-5.18TitlePrincipal investigatorProject Code No. AN-5.20TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. AN-5.21TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. AN-5.22TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorAN. 6 Post GraduateProject Code No. AN-6.04TitlePrincipal InvestigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. AN-6.05TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. AN-6.06TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. AN-6.07TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorEffect of supplementation of sulphur (Sodium sulphate) onprotein metabolism and volatile fatty'acids production ofHariana calves at low levels of protein intake.P. KumarStudies on the production rates of microbial pmteins in theruminants Phase I.U.B. SinghArun VarmaStudies on the production rates of microbial proteins in thefumen Phase II.Phase I Measurements of amino acid entry rate, urea recyclingin blood pool of calves fed on different level of proteins.·U.B. SinghD.N. Verma, P.K. Sharma, Murari Lal, Jai KishanStudies on the protection of dietary proteins from microbialdegradation in the rumen.S.P. Singh BediV.K. VijjanStudies on growth rate and meat quality of buffalo calvesas influenced by different.V.P. AgarwalG.V. RaghavanEffect of various planes of Nutrition on the growth ratesin cross bred and zebu calves.I.A. SiddiquiG.V. RaghavanInvestigation on the utilization of farm grown fodders formilk production in cattle and buffaloes.J.C. GuptaG.V. RaghavanComparative studies on the efficiency of Feed utilizationby growing cows and buffalo with the help of Radio Isotopes.M.L. ChaturvediU.B. Singh

85Project Code No. AN-6.0S'TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. AN-6.0S·TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. AN-6.01'TitlsPrincipal investigatorCollaborator'Project Code No. AN-6.1 j:TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. AN-6.1 fTitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. AN·6.1 s:"t:itlePrincipal investigatorProject Code No. AN-6.19TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. AN-6.201TitlePrincipal investigato.CollaboratorEffect of tannins on the I:liochemical aspects of protein andcarbohydrate metabolism.S.A. Khan. P.C. SawhneyBiochemical studies on the effect of dietary zinc alongwltharea in cattle nutrition.S.P.S. BediP.C. SawhneyEffect of protected proteins on the growth rate. wool pro.duction and carcass quality.B.C. BhargavaS.K. RanjhanNutrition and biochemicai studies on the effect of excessivedietary zinc and manganase in cattle.B.S. KaushalP.C. SawhneyEffect of feeding urea to the growing buffalo calves as thesale source of nitrogen with high supplementation of molassesas energy source.C.B. Jo'nriS.K. RanjhanStudies on protein. calcium and phosphorus requirements oflocal adult male sheeps for maintenance on work done underthe ICAR scheme to study the nutritional requirements ofsheep under range and agricultural conditions approved byNagp!Jr University.V.P. ShuklaDetermination of urea-molasses diet as the main source ofNitrogen and energy for growth production in youngbuffaloes calves (Bos-Bubalus L)Jai KrishnaU.S. SinghResponse of urea-molasses diet as the main source of nitrogenand energy for growth production in your buffalo calve(Bos-Bubalus L).N.N. PathakS.K. Ranjhan

86Project Code No. AN-6.24titlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorPto)ec\ Code No. AN-6.25TtilePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. AN-6.26TitlePrincipal investigatorCoiiaboratorProject Code No. AN-6.27TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. AN-6.28TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. AN-6.29,TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. AN-6.30TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. AN-6.31TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorStudies on the efficiency of feed utilization in cattle andbuffal,oes fed on cow pea & maize fodder with ,specialreference to rumen fermentation rates.R.S. UpadhyaU.B. Singh.Effect of trace elements (Copper and cobalt) on cellulosedigestion.K.K. SaxenaS.K. RanjhanEffect of variable caloric densitymetabolism and efficiency ofMuzaffarnagri lambs.O.R. BhatiaS.K. Ranjhanand rations on rumeAmeat production toThe effect of different dietary energy concentration suppliedthrough various roughage to concentrare ratios on themutton production intensively fed Muzzafarnagri lambs.Hyder AliS.K. Ranjhal'lResponse of urea molasses diet as the main source of nitrogelland e'nergy for cheven production in Batbari goats.Murari LalU.B. SinghStudi~s on the pattern of V F A Production in the Tumen andthe digestibility of nutrients in farm sted and departmenta'iambs.O.R. Mohan KumarG.V. RaghavanStudies on the growth rate and body-faunated and defaunated lambs.J. Ram PrasadG.V. Raghavancomposition ofStudies on the relative levels of various nitrogen fraction'Sin the rumen liquor of faunated and defaunated lambs.M,S. Partha SastryG.v.. Raghavan

87Project Code No. AN-6.32'TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorStudies on the effect of protected fish meal on growing lambs.R.N. PalS.K RanjhanProject Code No. AN-6.33;.17itJePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. AN-6.34:TitlePrincipal investigatotCollaboratorEffect of diferent forage to concentrate ratios on the milkyield and composition.B. RautS.K. RanjhanStudies on the utilization of protein in growing calves.Capt. B.S. SharmaU.B. SinghDIVISION OF POULTRY RESEARCHNutrition-Project Code No. 1.04TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorsProject Code No. 1.0&TitlePrincipal' investigatorCollaboratorsProject Code No. 1.07TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorsProjest G:ode No. 1.0S:Tit1ePrinciparinvestigato",CollaboratorsStudies on the optimum protein and energy requirements ofdifferent broiler breeds.V.P. RaoV.R. Sadagopan, T.S. JohriProcessing, analysis and quality control of poultry feedsand feed ingredients.O.K. ChaturvediK.K. Pal, S.V.S. VermaBiological evaluation of maize oil cake. I. Utilization of maizeoil cake in broiler rations. I!. Determination of ME of maizeoil cake.S.V.S. VermaB. Panda, K.K. PalIn vitro evaluation of protein quality of poultry feeds.T.S. Johri •P.V. Rao, V.R. Sadagopan

88Project Code No.1 .09TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorsProject Code No.1.1 0TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorBreedingProject Code No. 2.10TitlePrincipal investigatorCollabaratorsProject Code No. 2.11TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorsTechnologyProject Code No. 4.06TitlePrincipal InvestigatorCollaboratorsProject Code No. 4.07TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorsProject Code No. 4.08TitlePrincipal InvestigatorCollaboratorsEvalution of vitaminpoultry.P.V. RaoS.K. Singh, T.S. Johri, V.R. SadagopanA reCluiremnts of difforent breeds ofCalcium and phoshorus requirements for broilers.S.V.S. VermaB. PandaAll India Coordinated Research Project on Poultry for meat.S.C. MohapatraS.P. Sinha, A.P. Pande, K.K. Pal, Iqbaluddin, S.C. SaxenaRP. Sharma, S.C. Arya, S.P. KhareAll India Coordinated Research Project on Poultry for egg.B. PandaS.C. Mohapatra, V.B. Ayyagiri, O.K. Chaturvedi, P.N. Sharma,M. Kuppuswamy, Satya PaUl, S.D. Ahuja, T. Kotiah,S.K Agarwal, K.S. Rao, A.K. BanerjeeElectrophoretic pattern of albumen of eggs treated with eggspraying oil and stored at different temperatures.S.S. VermaV.K. Gael. B. PandaStudies on processing of pOUltry by-products for animalsfeed.S.S. VermaN. Sharma, N. Neelakantan, B. PandaPilot project studies on manufacture of chicken sausagesand cured chickens.B. PandaS.S. Verma, T.D. Mahadivan, N. Sharma

89Physiology, Housing and ManagementProject Code No. 5.03'TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorsProject Code No. 5.04TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorsExtension and Operational ResearchProject Code No. 5.05TitlsPrincipal investigatorEffect of intensity of light on hatchability and subsequentgrowth of chicks.D.P. GulatiS.I

90AG.3 Biometrical and CytogeneticsProject Code No. AG-3.12TitlePrincipal investigatoCollaboratorsAG.4Animal ReproductionProject Code No. AG-4.08TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorsProject Code No. AG-4.12TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorsProjectCode No.AG-4.13TitlePrincipal investigato,CollaboratorsProject Code No. AG-6TitleKaryotyping of chromosomes in Indian farm 21nirnais.B.R. BenjaminO.B. Goswami, P.P .. BhattStudy of freezability and fertilizing ability oi bull and buffalospermatozoa.N.C. SharmaM.R. Ansari, K.J. Eapen, P.N. Bhat, D.j. RoyStudies on sub-fertility and infertility in farm animalsS.N. LuktukeL.N. PUibey, A.R. Bhattacharya, S.K. Singh, N.K. Sinha,C. Sharma. N .S. PariharStudies on cattle and buffalo bull 6emen.N.S. SidhuS.N. Kaushil

91Project Code No. PT-2.061TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorsStudies on lamb and kid mortalty.O.P. PaliwalLal Krishan, M.L. MehrotraPT.3. Diseases of Avians (Poultry. Turkeys, Ducks & wild birds.Project Code No. PT-3.01TitlePathology of Respiratory Diseases.Principal investigatorR.L. SahCollaboratorsG.C. Mohanty, B.B. MullickProject Code No. PT -3.02TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorsProject Code No. PT-3.OSTitlePrincipal investigatorCoiiaboratorsPT-5 OncotogyProject Code No. PT·5.01TitlePrincipal investigatotCollaboratorsStudies on Marek's Disease.G.C. MohantyB.S. Rajya, R.N. SharmaStudies on Avian Encephalomyelitis.R.L. SahG.C. Mohanty, B.S. RajyaStudies on transmissible tumours.B.S. RajyaG.C. Mohanty, S.C. MahapatroDIVISION OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGYPP. l-Animal ClimatologyProject Code No. PP-l.03TitlePrincipal investigatorCOllaboratorsTitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratOFsTitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorsPP 2-Rumen PhysiologyProject Code No, PP-2.03TitlePrincipal invesHgatofInvestigations on the zone of thermal neutrality for Haryanaand their foreign crosses.B.C. JoshiKhub Singh, N.K. BhattacharyyaClimatic influence on productivityB.C. JoshiN.K. Bhattacharyya, P.C. Sanwal, J.K. Pandey, J. MoustgaardStudies of the thyroid function in relation to climaticconditions.J.K. PandeyP.C. Sanwal, N.K. Bhattacharyya, J. MoustgaardUse. of Biostimulator in Animal production.B.B. Mahapatro

92TitlePrinci.pal)investigatorCollaboratorsDigestive Physiology of buffaloes and Goats.B.B~ MahapatroN.K. Bhattacharyya, D.C. Shukla, J. MoustgaardPP .3-Energy MetabolismProject Code No. PP-3.02TitlePrincipal investigatorResting heat production in Hariana and their foreign crossesin relation to their heat tolerancE'.D.C. ShuklaPP.4-Endocrinology (See under N.R.L.) Physiology & Endocrinology).PP.S-Post Graduate teachingProject Code No. PP-S.04TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboiatorProject Code No. PP-6.05TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. PP-6.06TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. PP-S.07TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. PP-S.OSTitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. PP-S.11TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorRuminal and Postruminal digestion of rations with nitrogenfrom different sources in growing lambs and kids.O. SreemarmarayanaB.B. Mahapatro,Studies, on some aspects of reproduction in Barbari Nannie?rShiop~jan PrasadN. K. 'B hattacharyyaStudies on the supression of ureases activity in Horse gram(Dolichos bitlorus) and on the production ot volatile fattyacid.s and nitrogen constituents in buffalo (Bos-bubalis) fed.with different sources of nitrogen.A.B. Amba PrasadB.B. MahapatloA study on the possible effects of sal meal feeding on thePhysiology of Hy. line layers.Oaya Shanker SinghN.K. BhattacharyyaStudies on some aspects of altitude acclimatization in goats.D.C. ShuklaN.K. BhattacharyyaStudies on upper critical temperature in Hariana and itsforeign crosses.Khub SinghN.K. Bhattacharyya

93Project Code No. PP-6.12TitlePrincipal investigatorCOllaboratorProject Code No. PP-6.14TitlePrincipal invesitgatorColloboratorProject Code No. PP-6.15TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorPP.7-Pharmacology & Plant ChemistryProject Code No. PP-7.02TitlePrincipal investigatorPrincipal investigatorPrincipaf investigatorPrincipal investigatorPrincipal investigatorPrincipat investigatorPP.S-ToxicologyProject Code No. PP-S.QlTitlePrincipal investtgatorCollaboratorProject Code No. PP-S.02TitlePrincipal investigato~Collaborato~Water metabolism in Hariana cattle and their fofeigncrosses under different controlled environments.S.K. SaxenaB.C. JoshiPhysio-chemical status of normal, thermally stressed andhormone stimulated oviduct in high and low egg producingfowl.A.K. RaiB.B. MahapatroStudies on the pharmacological actions of some drugsbovine theileriasis.L.D. SharmaN.K. BhattacharyyaChemical & Thermaeologieal investigations of indigenousmedicinal plants for their anthelimintic activity.(1) Anthocephalus indicus (Hindi-Kadam)Jawahar Lal(2) Ficus glomerata (Hindi-Gular)Suresh Chandra(3) Momordica eharantia Lini (H· Harela)Y.P. Singh(4) Nyetanthes arbortristis (H-Harsingar)Y.P. Singh(5) Semecarpus anacardium Linn. (Hindi-Bhilawa)Y.P. Singh(6) Paederia faetida (H-Gandhali)Y.P. SinghSurvey on the zonal distribution of toxic plants around thepasture field in India and the incidenGes of poisoning tolivestock.M.S. SastryS.N.DubeMonitering of DDT residue in feeds and fodders of thelivestock and livestock products.M.S. SastryP.P. Singhin

94Project Code No. PP-S.04TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorSurveillance and monitoring of the residues and toxicity oforganophosphorus p3sticides in the feeds and fodders oflivestock.Y.P. SinghM.S. Sastr'lNuclear Research Laboratory(Physiology and Endocrinology)Title Synchronization of heat and control on the efficiencyof reproduction in farm animals (sheep, goat, buffaloes)(i) Sheet (ii) GoatPrincipal investigatorJ .K. PandeyCollaboratorsP.C. Sanwal, V.P. VarshneyNew Projects taken up under Special Fund Project IND-5/05 (IND-89) Animal Physiology and Endocrinologyfinalized in consultation with Dr. J. Moustgaard UNDP Expert in Physiology and Endocrinology.Project Code No. 1.TitlePrincipal investigatorCo" abo rata rsProject Code No.2TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorsProject Code No. 3TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorsProject Code No. 4TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorsProject Code No.5TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorsClimatic influence on producticity.B.C. joshiN.K. Bhattacharvva. p.e. Sanwal, J.K. Pandey, J.MoustgaardStudies of the thyroid function in relation to climaticconditions.J.K. PandeyP.C. Sanwal. N.K. Bhattacharyya, J. MoustagaardHormonal induction of lactation in barren cows.J.K. PandeyN.K. Bhattacharyya,~J.ReproductiveGoats.J.K. PandeyMoustgaardDysfuction in Ruminants-Buffaloes andM.M. Raza Nasir, K.P. Agarwal, N.K. BhattacharyyaO~esti~e Ph\fsi{)\09V {)i bufia\oes and goats.B.B. MahapatfoD.C. Shukla, N.K. Bhattacha!'Yta, J. Moustgaard

95DIVISION OF BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION~'BS 1-VirologyProject Code No. BS-1 .0'1TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorsProject Code No. BS-1 .02TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. BS-1.03TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorsProject Code No. BS-1 .04TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorsBS 2-BacteridlogyProject Code No. BS-2.0'1TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. BS-2.02'TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorBS 3-lmmunologyProject Code No. BS-3.03:TitlePrincipal investigatorProject Code No BS':'3:05,'TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. BS-3.06iTitlePrinCipal investigatorCollaboratorStandardisation of Swine Fever Vaccine.V.P'. SinghMrs. S.P. Ramchandran, K.R. MittalStandardisation of Newcastle Disease vaccine using someserological tests.Mrs. S.P. RamachandranV.P. SinghStandardisation of Rinderpest vaccine by serological' andcell culture methods.S.G. MuHick.Mrs. S.P. Ramachandran, V.P. SinghTesting of Viral vaccines from production centres.S.P. RamachandranV.P .. Singh, S.G. MullickStandardisation of anthrax spore vaccine.T.N. JaiswalK.R. MittalTesting of bacterial vaccines from Production Centres ..K.R. MittalT.N. JaiswalProduction of Salmonella diagnostic sera and serotyping"ofSalmonella cultures.B.R. GuptaStandardisation of potency of H .S. Vaccine in laboratoryaninlals.K.R. MittalT.N. JaiswalStudies on certain serum factors in relation to disease andimmunity.K.R. MittalT.N. Jaiswal

96BS-4 National Collection of type cultureProject Code No. BS-4.01TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorsPrincipal investigatorCollaboratorEstablishment of National Collection of type culture centrea) VirusesMrs. S.P. RamachandranV.P. Singh, S.G. Mullickb) BacteTia\LN. JaiswalK.R. MittalBS-5 Tissue culturesProject Code No. BS-5.01TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorsBS-6 Post Graduate Stuqies (Ph. D. Programme)Project Code No BS-6.02TitlePrincipal investigatorGuideProject Code No. BS-6.02TitlePrincipal investigatorGuiqeProject Code No. BS-6.03TitlePrincipal investigatorGuideProject Code No. 8S-6.03TitlePrincipal investigatorGuideBS-6 Post Graduate Studies (M.V.Sc. Programme)Project Code No. 88-6.04TitlePrincipal investigatorGuideStandardisation of viral vaccines be cell culture methods.Mrs. S.P. RamachandranV.P. Singh, S.G. MullickStudies on different type of vaccine against avianSalmonellosis.B.R. GuptaB.B. MullickImmunological studies in fowls in relation to gram-negativebacteria.T.N. JaiswalK.R. MittalStudies on the virus specific antigens. in rinderpest infectedtissues and in cell cultures.S.G. MullickMrs. S.P. RamachandranStudies on Corynebacterium Pyogenes C. pseudotuberculosiswith particulars reference to the immunological aspects.A.M. JaFlaK.R. MittalStudies on the level of complement conglutinin, immunoconglutinin and heterophile antibodies in buffaloe serum.D.C. MauryaK.R. Mittal

97DIVISION OF VETERINARY PU BLiC HEALTHProject Code No. VPH-1.02TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. VPH-1.04TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. VPH-2.04TitlePrincipal investigatorProject Code No. VPH-2.06TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. VPH-3.01TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorsProject Code No. VPH-3.02TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorSpontaneous arterial diseases in pigs.N.P. BhallaM.C. PrasadStudies on spontaneous arterial diseases in buffaloes.M.C. PrasadN.P. BhallaEnterotoxin production by staphylococcal isolates from manand foods.C.C.P. RaoBacteriological and retrospective studies on gastro-enteritisin man with special reference to food borne infections!intoxications.S.B. KulshresthaH.N. MisraControl of Rabies in Bareilly City.5.5. GhoshC.C.P. Rao, C. NatarajanStudies on rickettsial zoonoses.S.S. GhoshK.R. Mittal1. Titre of the project:Name of Principal inves1igatof :Other Investigators:Collaborators:Year of start:Whether continued:RESEARCH PROJECTS FOR THE YEAR 1973VPH Unit, CalcuttaStudies on pyrexia of unknown origin with particularreference to brucellosis among human patients in Calcutta.Dr. G.P. Sen, Bacteriologist (Zoonosis)Dr. B. Ghosh Ray, Prof. of Microbiology, All India Institutoof Hygiene and Public Health, Calcutta.(i) Head, Division of Bacteriology & Virology, IVRI,Mukteswar.(ii) Dr. S.S. Ghosh, Junior Bacteriologist (Zoonosis).(iii) Dr. P.N. Khanna, Prof. of Veterinary Public Health.1973Yes.

982. Title of the project·:Principal investigator:Collaborators:Year of start:Attempts on the isolation of influenza virus from slaughteredpigs.Dr. P.N. KhannaDr. G.P. Sen, Dr. S.K. Das1973DIVISION OF EPIDEMIOLOGY1. EPD.l.01investigator2. 1.02InvestigatorsRetrospective studies on the pattern and frequency ofdiseases in imported cattle.C. NatarajanMultiphasic serological survey on diseases of exotic cattle.C. Natarajan and N.K. Majumdar.BIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORYProjects proposed during 19731. Myelination in protein malnourished rats.2. Biochemistry of buffalo semen.3. Physicochemical properties of buffalo blood proteins.4. Role of liver in the metabolism of food constituents in buffaloes. 1-Metabolism of carbohydrates.REGIONAL ANIMAL NUTRITION RESEARCH CENTRERAN-1. Utilization of Agro-Indu~trial by Products for feeding livestock and poultryProject Code No. RAN-1.04TitleStudies on the evaluation of 50yabeen seeds in poultry mashes.Principal investigator5.5. NegiCollaboratorR.N. PalRAN-2. Nutritional Requirements of cross bred (Jersey x Local) Animals for growth and milk productionProject Code No. RAN-2.01TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. RAN-2.02TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorGrowth rate of Jersey cross bred calves on normal planes ofnutrition vis a vis adaptive research of calf starters.V.C. PachauriS.S. NegiPlane of nutrition of Jersey cross Bred cows under practicalfeeding conditions.V.C. Pachauri5.S. Negi

99Project Code No. RAN-2.03TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. RAN-2.04TitleRAN-3. Improvement of Fodder ResourcesProject Code No. RAN-3.02TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. RAN-3.04TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. RAN-3.05TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorProject Code No. RAN-3.07TitlePrincipal investigatorCollaboratorStudies on the maintenance DCP and energy requirementsof Jersey cross bred animals.V.C. PachauriS.S. NegiPackage programme for the feeding of high producing milchcows (Jersey cross bred) in Kangra district.Impregnation of poor quality roughages with non- proteinnitrogenous compounds.R.N. PalS.S. NegiStudies on Alpine grasses.R.N. PalS.S. NegiFurther Studies on Pennisetum Pedicel/atum grass'­determination of nutritive value.S.S. NegiV.C. PachauriStudies on the comparative nutritive value of local hay, paddystraw and wheat bhoosa.R.N. Pal.S.S. Negi

100LIST OF STAFFThe following officers were in position ;_ADMINISTRATIONName and qualificationsDesignationDr. C.M. Singh, M.S., Ph.D. (Mich)Dr. G L. Sharma, M.S., Ph.D. (Mich)VacantShri R C. Srivastava, SAS." A.N. Chadha"J C"' ..... J...." I\·L. vellJ" K.K Gupta, S.A S.Accounts Officer ...... , VacantDirectorPrincipal-Cum-Joint DirectorRegistrarSenior Accounts officerDeputy RegistrarAsst. Adm. OfficerAccounts OfficerShri M.D PandeyAssistant Registrar" H.K. Qamra Stores Officer" U.S. Jina Asst. Adm. Officer" Prakash Chandra Asst. Adm. Officer" M.K. Mukerjee, B.Sc., Dip. Lib. ScL, M.Lib. Sci. LibrarianNames of Scientists/Research Workers alongwith qualifications and designations1. Dr. S. Kumar, M.S., Ph.D. (Minn.)2. Shri Gajii"Jdar Singh, B.Sc., M.V.Sc., (Pb.)3. Dr. 5.5. Khera, B.Sc., M.V Sc.,Dip. Bact. (London), Ph.D.4. Shri R.P. Bansal, B.Sc., M V.Sc. (Hons.)5 Dr. S.K. Chawla, M.V.Sc., Ph.D. (Agra)Head of DivisionBacteriologistBacteriologistVirologistVirologist6. Dr. P.K. Uppal, M.V.Sc., Ph.D.(Agra} Ph D.(CClntab.) Virologist7. Shri M C. Pandey, M.V.Sc. V'rologist8. Shri A.K. Sen, M.V.Sc. Junior Virologist9. Shri B.S. Negi, M V.Sc. Junior Virologist10. Shri U. Prasad, B.Sc., M.V.Sc. Junior Virologist11. Shri R.N. Sharma, B.Sc., M.V.Sc. Junior Virologist12. Dr. P.S.R.C. Murti, M.V.Sc., C.Sc. (Hungry) Junior Bacteriologist.

13. Shri A.C. Goel, M.V.Sc.14. " B.K. Kathuria, G.V.Sc.15. "B.U. Rao, M.V.Sc.16. Dr. S.P. Singh, Ph.D. (Leeds)17. Shri AsimSikdar, M.V.Sc.18. "A.K. Pandey, M.V.Sc.19. " R.C. Joshi, B.Sc., M.V.Sc.20. "T.P. Joshi, B.V.Sc. & A.H., Assoc. IVRI.21. " B.B.L. Mathur, B.Sc., M.V.Sc.22. " P.C. Harbola, M.V.Sc.23. "S.K. Dua, M.V.Sc.24. " N.C. Srivastava, M.V.Sc.25. " K.P. Tripathy. B.V.Sc. & A.H.26. "K.D. ghaya, G.B.V.C27. " D.C. Shukla, M.V.Sc.28. "L.D. Mishra, M.V.Sc.29. "S.K. Das, M.V.Sc.30. " P.S. Dube, M.A., B.Lib.Sc.Junior VirologistAsstt. VirologistAsstt. Virologist (upto July, 1972)Asstt. Prof. (Bact.)Asstt. BacteriologistAsstt. VirologistAsstt. VirologistAsstt. BacteriologistAsstt. VirologistAsstt. BacteriologistAsstt. Bacteriologist (Upto May, 1972)Asstt. BacteriologistVeterinary OfficerSenior Research Asstt.Senior Reserch AssistantSenior Research Assistant (upto 30.11.1972)Senior Research AssistantProjects(a)All India Coordinated Project for Epidemiological Studies on foot and mouth disease.Dr. S. Kumar, M.S., Ph.D. (Minn.)Shri A.K. Mukhopadhyay, M.V.Sc.Project CoordinatorAsstt. Virologist(b)All India Coordinated Research Project on goats for Mohair/Pashmina Production.Dr. S. Kumar, M.S .• Ph.D. (Minn.)Project CoordinatorDIVISION OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTSNames of the Scientists/Researce Workers with their qualifications and designations1. Dr. T.S. Gulrajani, Ph D. (Contab) Head of Division (On long leave)2. Shri K.C. Sinha, G.B.V.C., Assoc. IVRI. Head of Division3. " P.C. Gangulee, B.Sc., M.Sc., B.Sc. (Zool) Serologist4. "Roshan La!, B.Sc., M.V.Sc. Bacteriologist5. •. Y.P. Nanda. M.V.Sc. Virologist (Tissue Culture)6. Dr. (Mrs.) S. Rawat, M.Sc., Ph.D. Animal Breeder7. Shri P. Madhusudan, B V.Sc., Assoc. IVRI. Virologist (Rabies)8. "Subhas Chandra, M.v.Sc. Junior Virologist (Rabies)9. " M.L. Ahuja, M.V.Sc. J.R.P. (Animal Breeding)10. "S.S. Jawa, L.V.P.11. " R.N. Seth, L.V.P.12. " S.S. Nangia,13. "A.S. Narula, M.V.Sc.14. " Gopal Narain, MVSc.15. " M.C. Santoshi, M.V.Sc.16. " R.P. Misra, M.V.Sc.Asstt. SerologistAsstt. SerologistAsstt. BacteriologistAsstt. BacteriologistAsstt. VirologistAsstt. VirologistAsstt. Virologist

10217. Shri H.S. Mehta, G.V. Sc.18. " G. Majumdar, B. Sc., G.V. Sc.19. " Arun Kumar, M.V. Sc.20. " M.S. Yadav, M.V. Sc.21. " I.H. Siddiqui, M.V. Sc.22. " T.P. Parai, M.V. Sc.Senior Research AssistantSenior Research AssistantSenior Research AssistantSenior Research AssistantResearch AssistantResearch AssislantDIVISION OF PARASITOLOGYNames of Scientists/Research workers with their qualification's and designations1. Dr. (Kr.) Suresh Singh, M. Sc., Ph D., D.'3c.2. Dr. B.V. Rao, B.V. Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D.3. Shri H.C. Tewari, M.V. Sc.4. " B. Patnaik, G.B.V.C., D.V.P., M.S.5. Dr. N.N. Sharma, M. Sc., Ph.D.6. Shri V.P. Sharma Deorani, B.V. Sc., M.V. Sc.7. Dr. A.S. Thakur, M.V. Sc., M.S., Ph. D.8. Shri S.C. Srivastava, M. Sc.9. Dr. D.N. Dhar, M.V. Sc., Ph. D.10. " P.p. Oeo, M. Sc., Ph. D.11. " G. Subramanian, M. Sc., Ph.D.12. " H.C. Malviya, M.Sc., Ph.D.13. Shri M.N. Malhotra, M.V. Sc.14. " V.K. Srivastava, M.V. Sc.15 "Ravi Chandra, M.V.Sc.16. " R.C. Naithani, M.A., M.Sc.17. " Vinai Kumar, M.V. Sc.18. " J.e. Verma, M.V. Sc.19. " M.H. Khan, M. Sc.20. " Ramjilal Sharma, M. V. Sc.21. " D.K. Ray, M.V. Sc.22. "J.R. Rao. M.V. Sc.23. " A.K. Sinha. M.V. Sc2.4. Dharam Vir Singh, M.V. Sc.25. Miss Rizwana Mion, M.Sc.Head of DivisionParasitologistSenior Scientific Officer (lV)Helminthologist-cum-Project Coordinator.Prof. of ParasitologyHelminthologist, S.D. Project AndamanHelminthologistEntomologistAsstt. Scientific OfficerAsstt. Helminthologist (Asp.)Asstt. Prof. of ParasitologyAsstt. HelminthotogistAsstt. ProtozoologistAsstt. ParasitologistAsstt. Helminthologist (Asp.)Asstt. EntomologistResearch Assistant (S.G.)Senior Research Asstt.-do--do--do--do--do--do--do-

103DIVISlON OF ANlMAL NUTRITIONNames of SCientists/Research workers with qualifications and designations1. Dr. S.K. Ranjhan, M.V.Sc., M.S., Ph.D.2. Dr. V.N. Murty. M.Sc .• Ph.D.3. Dr. P.C. Sawhney, M.Sc., Ph.D.4. Dr. G.V. Raghvan, M.Sc .• Ph.D.5. " U.B. Singh. M.V.Sc .• Ph.D.6. ., Indra Kumar, M.Sc., Ph.D.7. " K. Nath. M.Sc., Ph.D.8. Shri M.M. Jayal, B.Sc. (Ag.), Assoc. IVRI9. " B.C. Joshi. M.Sc.10. Dr. P. Kumar, M.V.Sc .• Ph.D.11. " U.R. Kapoor. M.Sc .• Ph.D.12. Shri B.K. Sharma,13. Dr. R.C. Katiyar. M.V.Sc., Ph.D.14. Shri K.C. Wahal. M.Sc. (Ag.), Ph.D.15. Dr. R.V.N. Srivastava. M V.Sc .• Ph.D.16. " R.S. Pantley, M.Sc .• Ph.D.17. Shri S.P. Singh B~d;; ·M.Sc.18. .. M.Y. Khan, B.Sc.; M.V.Sc.19. " V.!? Shukla, B.Sc. (Ag.), Assoc. IVR.20. ., S.J. Dan ....· B.Se., Assoc. IVRI21. ,. K.K. Saxena, M.Sc.22. ,. S.A. Khan. M.~/23. " Q.2. Hassan., M.Sc.24. .. Arun Verma. M.V.Sc.25. " K.S. Rao, M.V.Sc.26. "V. Leela Prasad, M.V.Sc.27. ., V.K. Jain, M.V.Sc.28. "Aditya Kumar, M.V.Sc.29. " V. Ravi Prakash, M.V.Sc.30. Dr. V.K. Viiian. M.Sc .. Ph.D.31. Shri S.K. Srivastava, M.V.Sc.32. " D.V.G. Krishna Mohan, M.V:Sc.33. .. D.N. Verma, M.V.Sc.34. " K.C. Tirpathi, M.V.Sc.35. "V. Rama Bhadra Sastry. M.V.Sc.36. " P.G. Reddi, M.V.Sc.37. Miss. Urmila Chetal. M.Sc.Head of DivisionAnimal NutritionistBiochemistProf. of Animal NutritionSenior Scientific OfficerB io- PhysicistBiochemist (A.C.)Asstt. Feed Technologist·Asstt. Animal NutritionistAsstt. ScLOfficer (NRL)Asstt. BiochemistHealth PhysicistAsstt. Animal NutritionistAsstt. BiochemistMicrobiologistJunior BiochemistJunior BiochemistAsstt. Prof. of Animal NutritionSenior Research Assistant-do--do--do--do--do--do--do--do--(0-- do--do-~dc­-do--do--do--do--do--do-

104DIVISION OF POULTRY RESEARCHName of the Scientists/Research workers with their qualifications and designations.1. Dr. B. Panda, B.Sc., (Vet.), Hons, M.Sc., Ph D.2. " S.C. Mohapatra, B.V.Sc., & A H., M.S., Ph.D.3. " G.C. Mohanty, M.Sc., Ph.D.4. Shri G.V. Rao, B.V.Sc. (Assoc. IVRI)5. Dr. P.V. Rao, M.V.Sc., Ph.D.6. Shri S.P. Sinha, M.V.Sc.7. Dr. V.R. Sadagopan, M.V.Sc., Ph.D.8. " T.D. Mahadevan, B.Sc., Ph.D.S. Shri K.K. Pa\, M.Sc.10. " A.V. Veerbhadrudu, M.V.Sc.11. " A.P. Pandey, M.V.Sc.12. " Mohan Kuppuswamy, M.V.Sc.13. " S.V. Singh Verma, M.V.Sc.14."P.N. Sharma, M.V.Sc.15."S.P. Khare. M.V.Sc.16."Satya PaUl, M Sc.17. Dr. U.K. Chaturvedi, M.V.Sc., Ph.D.18."D.P. Gulati, M.V.Sc., Ph.D.19. S..o. Ahuja, B.V.Sc. &. A.H., NDPH"20. S.S. Verma,"M.VSc.21. T.S. Johri,"M.V.Sc.22. Dr. Iqbaluddin, M.V.Sc.23. Shri V.K. Gael. M.V.Sc.24."R.S. Lachhiramani, B.V.Sc., N.D.P.H.25."R.P. Sharma, M.V.Sc.26. .C. Saxena, M.V.Sc.27."S.C. Arya. M.V.Sc .•28." K. Ambasiva, Rao, M.V.c.29."S.K. Agarwal, M.V.Sc.30. S.K. ingh,"M.V.Sc.31; T. Kotaih, M.V.Sc.Head of DivisionProfessor of Poultry ScienceProf. of Poulty PathologyPoultry BreederPoultry NutritionistPoultry BreederAssociate Professor of Poultry Tachnvlo,gy.Associate Professor of Poultry Technology.Jt. Po\.\\tt'l Nutritionist.Jr. Poultry Geneticist.Jr. Poultry Pathologist.Jr. Poultry Pathologist.Jr. Poultry Nutritionjst.Far!11 Manager.Junior Statistician.Junior Statistician.Jr. Poultry Nutritionist.Jr. Poultry Physiologi~t.Asstt. Poultry Breeder.Asstt. Poultry Technologist.Asstt. Poultry Nutrition:stAsstt. Poultry BreederSenior Research AssistantSenior Research Assistant-do--do--cIo--do--do--do--do-

105ANIMAL GENETICS DIVISIONNames of the Scientists/Research Workers with their qualifications and designations1. Dr. P. N. Boat, M.V.Sc. (Agra). Ph.D. (Purdue)2.. Dr. B.l. Raina. M.V.Sc. (Agra). Ph.D. (Agra)3. Shri S.N. Luktuke. GBVC (Born.), Assoc. IVRI.FRVCS (Sweden)4. Dr. D.P. Mukherjee (On deputation) M.Sc.(Cal.). Ph.D. (Agra)5. " B.R. Benjamin, M.Sc. (Man.) Ph.D. (Sask.)6. " Gajjan Singh (On deputation) GMVC (Mad)B.V.Sc. (Mad.). M.Sc. (Vet.) (Mad.), Ph.D. (Mad.)7. Dr. D.J. Roy. M.V.Sc. (Agra). Ph.D. (Agra)8. " K.J. Eapen, M.Sc. (Miss.), Ph.D. (Miss.)9. Shri N.D. Khanna. B.V.Sc.(Bikaner), Assoc. IVRI10. Dr. U.D. Sharma (on long leave)" M.S. (!!Ii.)Ph.D. (filL)11. .. N.S. Sidhu, M.Sc. (Raj.). Dip. An. Gen.,Ph.D. (Edin.)12. "Kedar Nath, M.Sc. (Delhi). Ph.D. (Bom.)13. " J.D. Joshi. M.V.Sc. (Agra.)14. "N.K. Mazumdar, M.V.Sc. (Agra), P.G.Dip.(Edin,. Ph.D. (Edin.)~ 5. Km. Asha Aroj. M.Sc. (Luck.)16. Shri B.U. Khan, M.V.Sc. (Agra)17. Shri S.S. Bhatia. M.V.Sc. (Agra)18. Dr. O.K. Agarwal, M.V.Sc. (Agra), Ph.D.(Agra.)19. Shri L.N. Purbey, M.V.Sc. (Bombay)20. Shri S.N. Chatterjee (On deputation) GBVe (Ben.),P.G. (Muk.)21. Shri A.R. Bhattacharya, FRVCS (Sweden), M.V.Sc. (Agra)22. " H.P. Singh (on deputation) M.Sc. (Patna)23. " Satish Kumar, M.\I.Sc. (Agra)24. Dr. R.R. Mishra (On deputation) M.V.Sc. (Agra).Ph.D. (Agra)25. Dr. (Mrs.) P.P. Bhat, M.Sc. (Kashmir). Ph.D. (Ludh).26. Shri H.S. Pandey, M.V.Sc. (Agra)27. " O.B. Goswami. M.Sc. (Agra)28. " M.C. Saxena, M.V.Sc. (Agra)29. " M. Rezwan Ansari. M V.Sc. (Patna)30. C. Sharma M.V.Sc ~Patna)31. " H.K. Bhagi. M.V.Sc. (Agra)32. "V.N. Bachhil. M.V.Sc.{Agra)33. "S.N. Tandon. M.V.Sc. (Udaipur)34. .. N.K. Sinha. M.V.Sc. (Patna)35. .. A.K. Chhabra.M.V.Sc. (Udaipur)Head, Division of Animal GeneticsProject Coordinator (Pigs)Animal GynaecologistSperm MorphologistSperm MorphologistArtificial InsemlOatio,l Officer-do-­Animal GeneticistImmunogeneticistPiOfessor of Animai Genetics-do-BiochemistAnimal Geneticist (Sheep)Senior Scientific Officer (Blood Groups)Junior Scientific officer (Blood Groups)Asstt. Farm Manager (Sheep)Asstt. Farm Manager (Pigs)Junior Port TechnologistAsstt. Professor of Animal GynaecologyAsstt. Animal GynaecologistAsstt. Animal GynaecologistAsstt. Animal Geneticist (Bio)-do-Asstt. Professor of Animal Genetics-do-Asstt. Animal GeneticistSenior Research Assistant-do--do--do--do--do--do--do--do-

106DIVISION OF PATHOLOGYNames of Scientists/Research Workers with qualifications & designations1. Dr. B.S. Rajya, B.Sc., GBVC, M.V.Sc, Ph D., FRVCS.2. " G.C. Mohantv, M.V.Sc., Ph.D.(Kan.)3. " C.F. Mataney. GBVC, M.Sc., Ph.D., (Min) officer (Gen.)4. Shri Brahm Dutt, B.A., L.V.P, Assoc. IVRI5. " P.K. Ramachandran, B.Sc., B.V.Sc., MRCVS.6. Dr. N.S. Parihar, M.V.Sc. Ph.D.7. ., B. Vasudevan, Ph D.8. Shri B.S. Kaushal, B.V.Sc., & A.H.9. ,. R N~Sharma, M.V.Sc.10. " RL.Sah,!\I\.V.Sc.11. M.L. Mehrotra, M.V.Sc.12. "R.M. Sharma, M.V.Sc.13. " S.C. Dass, M.V.Sc.14. " D.P. Paliwal, M.V.Sc.15. " S.C. Gupta, M.V.Sc.16. " Kali Charan, M.V.Sc.17. .. S. Gopalkrishna, M.V.Sc.18. " S.C. Mukherjee, M.V.Sc.19. " Lal Krishna, M.V.Sc.20. " B.S. Gill, M.V.Sc.Head of DivisiionProfessor (Poultry Pathology)Disease InvestigationPathologist (Nut. Path.)Prof. of Vety PathologyPathologist (Bact. Dis.)Junior Scientific Officer (Calf Mort.)Asstt. Pathologist (rE)Asstt. Pathologist (PD)Asstt. Pathologist (PP).A.D.I.O. (Bact.)Asstt. Prot. (Pathology)Veterinary Ofiicer.A.D.LO. (Path.)Senior Research Assi.stant-do--do---do--do--c'o-DIVISION OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY, , ' ,Names of the Scientists/Research Workers alongwith their qualifications & designations1. Dr. N.K. 'Shattacharyya, B.Sc., B.V.Sc. & A.H., M.V.Sc., Ph.D.Phil. (Oxon)2.3.4.5... A.K. Pal, M.Sc., B.L., Dip. (Agri. Sci.) (Edin), Ph.D. (Edin.)" M.S. Sastry, M.Sc., Ph.D." B.V. Mahapatro. BYSc. & A.H., M.S .. Ph.D." B.C. Joshi, B.V.Sc., Ph.D.6. Shri M. Sabir, M.Sc.7. Dr. J.K. Pan de, M.V.Sc.S. " P.C. Sanwal, M.V.Sc., Ph.D.9. Shri H.B. Joshi, M.Sc. M.V.Sc.10. Dr. Jawahar La!, M.Sc., Ph.D.Head of the Divisionprof. of PhysiologyToxicologistAnimal PhysiologistAnimal ClimatologistPharmacologistSenior Scientific OfficerAsstt. Scientific OfficerAsstt. Prof. PhysiologyASiitt. Plant Chemist

10711. Dr. 5.5. Tripathi, M.V.Sc., Ph.D.12. Shri Narinder Singh, M.V.Sc.13. "Y.P. Singh, M.V.Sc.14. " Khub Singh, M.V.Sc.15. " D.C. Shukla, M. V.Sc.16. Dr. M.M. Raza Nasir, M.Sc., Ph D.17. Shri Suresh Chandra, M.Sc.18. II Y.P. Varshney, M.VSe.19. " Kranti Dev.DIVISION OF STANDARDISATIONNames of SCientists/Research Workers alongwith qualifications and designations1. Shri C; Seetharaman, B.Sc., GMVC .• BV.Sc .• M.V.Sc.2. Dr. R.K Mital. B.V Sc. & A.H., M.V.Sc. M.Sc., Ph.D. (Guelph)3. ,,(Mrs). S.P. Ramachandran, B.V.Sc., M.Sc. (Vet) Ph.D. (Edin).4. Shri B.R. Gupta. B.V.Sc., Associ. I.V;R.I.5. " S.N. Jaiswal, B.Sc., B.V.Sc. & A.H., M.V.Sc.6. " S.G. Mullick, B.V.Sc. & A.H., M.Sc. (Vety).'1."V.P. Singh, B.V.Sc. & A.H., M.V.Sc.8. " D.C. Maurya, B.V.Sc & A.H.9. "S.C. Mukherjee, B.V.Sc., & A.H., M.V.Sc.Asstt. PhysiologistAsstt. Prof. PharmacologyAsstt. ToxicologistAsstt. Anim. ClimatologistAsstt. Anim. PhysiologistSenior Research Assistant-do--do--do-Head of Division (On deputation to FAO)BacteriologistVirologistAsstt. Bacteriologist (Enterobacteriacae)Asstt. Bacteriologist (Type Culture)Asstt. ImmunologistAsstt. VirologistSenior Research Assistant-do-DIVISION OF EXTENSION1. Dr. O.N. Kunzru, B.Sc., BV.Sc. & A H" M.S. (Mich) Ph.D. (Ohio) Head of Division2. Shri S.B LaJ, B.V.Sc. & A.H., M.R.C.V.S. Extension Specialist (A.H.)3. Dr. P.N. Kaul B.Sc., B.V.Sc. & A.H .• M.Sc., Ph.D. Extension Specialist (A P.)4. Shri S.C. Sharma, B .• Sc .• B,V.Sc .• & AH .• M.Sc. (Agri)Junior Extension Specialist.Extension Education5. .. M.S. Bagga, BV.Sc .• B.Sc., & A.H., M.Sc. -do-ALL INDIA CO-ORDINATEO RESEARCH PROJECT ON RESPIRATORY DISEASESOF POULTRY1. Dr. B B. Mallick., D.Sc. Project Coordinator2. " K.K. Agarwal. Ph.D. Bacteriologist3. Shri K.C. Verma, B.V.Sc & A.H. Asstt. Bacteriologist

108DIVISION OF VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTHNames of the SCientists/Research Workers with their qualifications and designations1. Dr. P.N. Khanna, M.V.Sc., Ph.D., D.Sc2. " G.P. Sen, M.V.Sc., Ph.D.3. Shri N.P. Bhalla, M.V.Sc.4. " M.C. Prasad, M.V.Sc.5. Dr. C.C.P. Rao. M.V.Sc., Ph.D.6. Shri S.B. Kulshreshtha, M.V.Sc.7. " H.N. Mishra, M.V.Sc,8. Dr. S.S. Ghosh, M.V.Sc., Ph.D.9. Shri V.K. Yadav, M.V.Sc.Professor of Veterinary Public Health.IVRI, Unit. Calcutta.Bacteriologist (Food Hygiene), LV.R.I.Unit. Calcutta.Pathologist (Biomedicine)Junior Pathologist (Biomedicine)Bacteriologist (Milk and Milk Products)Junior Bacteriologist (Milk and MilkProducts)-do-Junior Bacterioiogist (Zoonesis)Junior Bacteriologist lFood Hygiene}DIVISION OF EPIDEMIOLOGY1. Dr. C. Natarajan, M.V.Sc., Ph.D. EpidemiologistIVRI REGIONAL RESEARCH CENTRESFoot-and-mouth virus vaccines Laboratory, Bangalore1. Dr. P.R. Nilakantan, Ph. D.2 J. " B.U. Rao, Ph.D.3. Shri AK. Sen, M.V.Sc.4. " LD. Misra, M.V.Sc.5. " R.P. Shukla6. " S. Krishnamurty7. " S.P. Nair. M.V.Sc.8. " S:N. Saha, M.V.Sc.Joint Director- cum-Officer-in-ChargeVirologistJunior Virologist-do­Adm. OfficerAccounts OfficerSenior Research AssistantSenior Research AssistantREGIONAL ANIMAL NUTRITION RESEARCH CENTRE PALAMPURNames of the Scientists/Research Workers alongwith their qualifications & designations1. Dr. S.S. Negi, M.Sco. Ph.D.2. Shri R.N. Pal, B.Sc .• B.V.Sc .• Assoc. IVRI (on leavefor M.V.Sc. studies)3. Shri V.C. Pachauri, M.V.Sc.4. R.C. Katoch, M.V.Sc."Animal NutritionistAsstt. Animal NutritionistAsstt. Research OfficerSenior Research Asstt. (Ad-hoc from26-e-72 to 23-11-1972)

109Research Centre, Port Blair1. Shri V.P. Sharma Deorani, B.V.Sc. & A.H., M.V.Sc. Helminthologist (StephanofilarialDermatitis)BIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORY1. Dr. U.K. Misra, Ph.D.2. " S. Neelakantan, Ph.D.3. " L.N. Singh, Ph.D.Professor of BiochemistryTechnologistAsstt. Professor of BiochemistryMEDICAL SECTIONSMukteswar1. Dr. R.C. Paul. M.B.B.S.2. " (Mrs) P. Chawla, M.B.B.S., D.G.O.izatnagar3. Dr. B.K. Ghorai, M.B.B.S., M.D.4. " K.L. 6hosh, M.B.B.S., D.P.H.Medical OfficerLady Doctor (on ieave)Medical OfficerPathologist-cum-General Duty MedicalOfficerESTATE SECTIONSMukteswar1. Shri L.R. Sah. B.Com.Izatnagar2. Shri Surajbhan Singh, B.Sc. (Agri.)2. " Harbir Singh, B.Sc. (Agri.)3. " B.S. NegiEstate ManagerEstate ManagerEstate Manager (on deputation to UPAU)Estate ManagerENGINEERING SECTIONSMukteswar1. Shri G.C. Joshi, B.Sc., B.E.2. VacantIzatnagar1. Shri P.N. Joshi, A.M.A.2. .. H R. Dilawari B.Sc. (Elect. Eng.)EngineerEngineerRefrigeration Engineer (on deputationto FAO)Electrical Engineer

110APPOINTMENTS DURING THE YEAR 1972NameDesignationDate of Joining1. Dr. (Mrs). P.R. Sakkubai2. Shri R.N. Sharma3. Capt. B.U. Khan4. Shri R.S. Pandey5. " P.N. Sharma6. " S.S. Bhatia7. Dr. P.R. Nilakantan8. Shri Y.P. Singh9. " Khub Singh1.0. " B.S. Sharma11. " S.S. Verma12. " T.S. Johri13. " S.P. Khare14. O.P. Paliwal15. Dr. B. Vasudevan16. Shri A.R. Bhattacharya17. Dr. D.N. Dhar18. " C.C.P. Rao19. Shri N. P. Bhalla20. .. Madan Lal Ahuja21. Dr. G.P. Sen22. Shri P.C. Harbola23. Dr. P.S.R.C. Murti24. " Satya Fal25. " R.C. Garg26. Dr. S.N. Kaushik27. Shri G.V. Rao28. " N.C. Srivastava29. Dr. O.K. Agarwal30. " M.D. Pandey31. " S.C. Oas32; ,. R.C. Katiyar33. Dr. O.N. Kunzru34. Ram Autar SingalVirologistAsstt. Pathologist (Paras. Dis.)Asstt. ManagerJr. Biochemist (Org. Chern.)Farm ManagerAsstt. Manager (Pigs)Jt. Director-cum-Officer InchargeAsstt. ToxicologistAsstt. Animal ClimatologistJr. StatisticianAsstt. TechnologistAsstt. Nutritionist (PN)Jr. StatisticianADIOJr. Scientific Officer (Calf Mortality)Jr. Reproductive Physio-pathologistImmunologist (Parositic Infection)Bacteriologist (Milk & Milk Products)Pathologist (Biomedicine)Jr. R.O. (Lab. Animal)Bacteriologist (Food Hygiene)Asstt. Bact. (Anaerobes)Jr. Bact~riologist (leptospirosis)Jr. StatisticianJr. ProgrammerAnimal Geneticist (Cattle Project)Poultry BreederAsstt. BacteriologistJr. Pork TechnologistAsstt. RegistrarVeterinary OfficerJr. Animal Nutritionist (Cattle Project)H. D. ExtensionJr. Statistician3.1.197215.1.197228.1.197218.1.197224.1.197224.1.19721.2.19723.2.19729.2.1972 (AN)11.2.197211.2.197211.2.197211.2.1972 (AN)11.2.197216.2.1972 (AN)16.2.197218.2.197218.2.197218.2.197222.2.1972 (AN)24.2.197222.2.19724.3.19724.3.197222.3.197224.3.197224.3.19721.4.19721.4.19726.4.19727.4.197215.4.1972 (AN)25.4.19721 5.1972

11135. Shri U'.S. Jina'36. " Gopi Chandra37. Dr. P.V. Rao38. Shri A.K. Sen39. " T.P. Josh~40. Dr. U.K. Misra41 . Shri A.C. Gael42. ., K.P Singh43. Dr. S. Neelakantan44. Shri S.K. Chatopadhy.a,45. " R.P. Shuk la46. Dr. G C. Mohanty47. " O.K. Chaturvedi48. Shri B.S. Negi49. " Kuppuswamy Mohan,50. Mohd. Yaseen Khan51. Shri S.P.S. Bedi52. Dr. (Mrs.) P.P. Bhat53. Shri B.U. Rao,54. " S.P. Sinha55. " K.P. Tripathi.56. Dr. J.D: Joshi57. Shri D.P. Gulati58. " H.S. Pandey59. Dr. V.R. Sadagopall,60. " T.D. Mahadevan.61. Mohd. Sabir62. Km. Asha Aroj63. Shri M.e. Prasad.64. Dr. J.K. PandaAsstt. Admn. OfficerFarm ManagerNutritionist (PN)Jr. VirologistAssu. BacteriologistProf. of BiochemistryJr. Virologist (FMD}Pathologist (PL 480}TechnologistJr. PathologistAdmn. OfficerProf. of Poultry PathologyJr. Poultry NutritionistEstate ManagerJr. Poultry PathologistAsstt. Prof. of Animal NutritionJr. Biochemist (Org. Chern.)Asstt. Prof. of Animal GeneticsVirologistPoultry GeneticistVeterinary OfficerAnimal Geneticist (Sheep),Jr. Poultry PhysiologistAsstt. Animal Geneticist1.5.19726.5.19728.5.197231.5.197231.5.19721.6.19722.6.19723.6.19726.6.19727.6.1972 (AN)19.6.197216.6.197229.6.197230.6.19721.7.19725.7.197.!17.7.197223.7.197228.7.19727.6.1972 (AN)10.8.197211.8.197217.8.197222.8.1972Assoc. Prof. of Poultry Nutrition 24.8.1972Asstt. Prof. of Poultry Products 26.8.1972Pharmacologist 26.8.1972Jr. Scientific Officer (Blood Biochemical 1.9.1972Polymorpb.)Jr. Pathologist (Biomedicine)Senior Scientific Officer (Physiology &Endocrinology)15.9.197216.9.197265. Shri D.C. Shukla6~. " N.K. Majumdar61. " R.C. Naithani'68. "Ravi Chandra69. " S.K. Singh70. Dr. P.G. DeoAsstt. Animal PhysiologistSenior Scientific Officer (BloodBiochemical Polymorh.)Asstt. EntomologistOfficer Incharge (Training CoursesAsstt. Animal Gyna~1cologistAsstt. Helminthologist19.9.19725.10.19729.10.197211.10.197211.10.197211.10.1972

11271. Shri Rajendra Singh72. Dr. Kedar Nath73. Shri G.S. Bisth74."N.C. Sharma75."Iqbaluddin76. Prakash Chandra"77. Y.R. Saxena"78."L.D. MisraAsstt. StatisticianBiochemistAsstt. StatisticianVeterinary Officer-cum-Asstt. AnimalGynaecologistAsstt. Poultry Breeder (Egg Production)I -Asstt. Admn. OfficerBiochemistJr. Virologist12.10.197227.10.197230.10.19729.11.197221.11.197223.11.1972 (AN)13.12.197214.12.1972CHANGES IN STAFF IN 19721. Dr. V.N. Murty. Animal Nutritionist proceeded to NDRt, Karnal, w.eJ. 31.1.1972 (AN) to join as NutritionalPhysiologist.2. Shri B.R. Sagar, Assistant Registrar. proceeded on 12.4.1972 (AN) to join as Senior Admn. Officer Gr.'in the Institute of Armament Technology, Poona.3. Shri Prakash Chandra. Acco.unts Officer proceeded on 24.4.1972 (AN) to Dry Land Agriculture, K. Block,College of Agriculture. Rajenaranagar, Hyderabad. to join as Accounts Officer.4. Shri S.K. Dua. Assistant Bacteriologist, resigned from 24.5.1972 (AN).5. Shri H.B. Singh. Estate Manager. relieved on 31.5.72 (AN) to join his new assignment as Deputy Director,University Farms. Agricultural University, Pantnagar.6. Shri S.S. Tripathi. Assistant Physiologist (Endo.) proceeded on 16.9.1972 (AN) to join his new assignmentin U.P. Agricultural University, Pantnagar.'7. Shri S.P. Dube, Assistant Administrative Officer. proceeded on 23.11.1972 (AN) to Join as Senior Admn.Officer, Gr. I ill the Defence Research and Development Laboratory, Hyderabad.8. Shri Brahm Dutt, Pathologist (NP) retired from service from 28.12.1972 (FN):TRAINING ABROAD1. M.L. Mehrotra. A.D.I.O. Pathology for Group training course for 6 months in Animal Health Research underColombo Plan to Japan w.e.f. 27.4.1972.2. Dr. B. Panda, Head of Poultry Research Division attended the Common Wealth Veterinary AssociationRegional Meeting in Ceylon from 6-8 June 1972, .3. Dr. P.C. Sanwal for training in Nuclear Research in Agriculture-Application of radioactivity for studies inMetabolism and related problem and handling of Radio Active material in Sweden, under U.N.D.P/SF programmefrom 26-8-1972 for 9 months.4. V.U. Yadav FAO/DANIDA Course in field of Microbiology Food Hygiene and food inspection in Denmark for10 months from 28.8.1972.

CONTENTSIntroductionObjectivesOrganisational Set UpDistinguished VisitorsAwardsInternational CollaborationFinances (Expenditure-Pian and Non Plan & Receipts)Summary of Divisional ReportsPage112369DIVlsrONAl REPOBTS~.1. Bacteriology and Virology2. Biological Products3. Parasitology4. Animal NutritionPoultry Research6. Animal Genetics7. Pathology8. Physiology and Pharmacology9. Standardization10. Veterinary Public Health11. Epidemiology1221233034-384154575768REGIONAL RESEARCH CENTRES1. F.M.D. Regional Centre Hebbal Bangalore2. Regional Animal Nutrition Researct:l Centre, Palampur3. I.V.R.1. Research Centre, Port BlairRESEARCH PUBLICATIONSDivision of Bacteriology and VirologvDivision of ParasitologyDivision of Animal NutritionDivision of Poultry ResearchDivision of Animal GeneticsDivision of Physblogy and PharmacologyDivision of Standardization69707478797981828283

Regional Animal Nutrition Research Centre Palampur, H.P.All India Coordinated Research Project For Respiratory DiseaseTechnical SectionsExtensionConferences(i) International(ii) NationalList of Research Projects for 1974List of staffAppointments Made During the yearChanges in StaffTraining Abroad83838386878787106115115117

ANNlJAL BElfJOlllTOFTHE INDIAN VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE,IZATNAGAR/MUKTESWAR/PALAMPURFOR THE YEAR 1973.INTRODUCTIONThe Indian Veterinary Research lnstitute, originally known as the Imperial Bacteriological Laboratory, wa!established at Poona in 1889 and in 1893 the Laboratory was shifted to Mukteswar- Kumaon in the foothills atthe Himalayas in Uttar Pradesh. The Izatnagar campus was established in 1913. The name of the Institute waschanged in 1925 to the "Imperial Institute of Veterinary Research" i and later to Imperial Veterinary ResearchInstitute. With the dawn of Independence in 1947 the Institute was named as "Indian Veterinary ResearchInstitute". The Indian Veterinary Research Institute has been recognised as an Institute of National Importance.After the reorganization of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research in 1966, the activities of theInstitute have increased manifold. Besides the two campuses, five Re.gional Research Stations viz. 1. RegionalAnimal Nutrition Research Centre, Palampur, 2. Veterinary Public Health Unit at All-India Institute of Hygieneand Public Health, Calcutta. 3. Regional Researeh Station, Port Blair (A&N). 4- Regional Research Station,Hebbal- Bangalore, and 5. I rradiated Lungworm Vaccine t.aboratary, J & K, Sri nagar.By virtue 01 immense physical facilities, the Institute has been recognised ·as a centre for Post-G raduateeducation and research by various Indian Universities and even by International Organizations such as WHO,FAO, UNDP, IAEA. More than 3000 scholars and about 50 foreign scholars have received post-graduateand conducted research for award of degrees and diplomas.OBJECTIVESThe primary objectives are: (1) to conduct basic and applied research on all aspects of livestock health,production and technology with multi-disciplinary approach, and collaboration with sister Institutes, (2) to impartpost-graduate education and training including extension education (3) to advise and carry out field investigationand consultancy services to State Governments and other organizations, (4) to develop technological knowhowand innovations for production and standardisation of Veterinary BiologIcals, and (5) to cooperate and collaborateresearches at international level with world organisations such as FAO, WHO, UNDP, IAEA and also on basis ofbilateral arrangement with other countries.Be~ides problem oriented research, production oriented programmes have also been undertaken for cattle,buffaloes, sheep, goats, goat for pashmina, pigs and poultry production. In addItion to above, epidemiologicalstudies on FMD virus and large scale production of FMD virus vaccine have also been undertaken at Mukteswarcampus and at Bangalore Regional Station with assistance from Government of Denmark. _ORGANISATIONAL SET UPThe research activities of the Institute are carried in 12 Research Divisions, namely, (1) Bacteriology andVirology, (2) Biological Products, (3) Parasitology, (4) Animal Nutrition, (5) Poultry Research, (6) AnimalGenetics, (7) Pathology, (8) Physiology and Pharmacology, (9) Standardization of Biological Products,(10) Veterinary Public Health, (11) Extension and (12) Epidemiology, besides the Post· Graduate College ofAnimal Sciences. Two more Divisions of (1) Experimental Medicine and Surgery, and (2) Livestock ProductsTechnology are in the process of being established.The Director is assisted by the Principal-Cum·Joint Director with headquarters at Izatnagar, while Headsof Divisions are responsible tor research, education and extension activities in their respective divisions.Supporting sections comprise Administration, Engineering, Estate Farms. Library, Medical and Central Stores.

2DISTINGUISHED VISITORS TO VARIOUS CAMPUSES AND REGIONAL CENTRES1. Dr. M.U. Ahmed Chaudhry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.2. Shrj Sitaram Mahato, Mmister-fn-charge of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Services, Government ofWest Bengal.J3. Shri C.N. Permi Anthony, Secretary, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services, Forests and FisheriesDepartments Govt. of West Bengal.4. Dr. Phani Bhusan Kundu, Director Veterinary Services Govt. of West Bengal.5. Dr. Allan C. Pier, Head, Bacteriologic and Mycological Research Lab. National Animal Diseases Lab. Ames,Iowa (U.S.A.)6. Dr. George E. Cottral.7. Dr. Manibhai Desai, Director, Bharatiya Agro-Industries Foundation, Urulikanchan, Poona.8. Dr. D.S. GOThe, Project Manager, Research Institute of Animal Health, of BAIF, Mfatlal Centre NarimanPalaces, Bombay-, •9. Mr. Harry Mathews, Director. Agricultural Projects Colombo Pian Austraiian High Commission, New Delhi.10. Mr. Shumilov Konstantin, Russian Scientist, Moscow All Union Institute of Experimental Veterinary.11. Mr. Mariloci Valentin (Interpreter) Moscow, Friendship University Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty.12. Prof. D. Luhcunance, 2201, Jnsel Riems, G.D.R.13. Dr. H. Hoffmann, Friedrid Loeffler Institute, 2201 Jnsel Riems, G.D.R.14. Prof. A.S. Paintal, Director, V.B. Chest Instt. University, of Delhi.15. Gregor Mendel.16. Mesbahul Karim, Institute of Nuclear Agri., Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission.17. M.M. Mia, Institute Nuclear Agriculture, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission.18. Mr. J. Bahadur, Scientist, Nuclear Research Laboratory" I.A.R.I., New Delhi-12.19. Mr. Azam Gul, Dean, Faculty of Agri. Kabul University, Afghanistan.20. Mr. Nezamuddin Nashibi, Soil Laboratory Ministry of Agri. Irrigation, Kabul/Afghanistan.21. Mohammad Javahery, Plant Pests & Diseases Research Institute, Tehran, Evine Iran.22. Mr. Nguyen Van Mung, Aalt Nuclear Research Institute Aalat, South Vietnam.23. Dr. Alfredo V. Palo, Bureau of Planning Industry, Philippines.24. Mr. Mohamad Sirdan, Central Research Institute of Agriculture (eRIA) Jalan Merdelea 99, Bogar, Indonesia.25. Dr. Soewondo Djojosoebagio, Agricultural University Bogar, Indonesia.26. Dr. Djafar Ghoddoussi, Teheran University Nuclear Centre, P. O. Box, 2989,Tehran, Iran.27. Pedro B. Escuro, U. P. College of Agriculture, College latgurila, Philippines.28. Mr. Fustino T. Orillo, U. P. College of Agriculture, College Latgurila, Philippines.29. Dr. R. P. Arora, N. R. L. I. A. R. I., New Delhi.30. Mr. Jesus D. Alcantara, Animal Disease's Parasite Research Division, Bu. Animal Ind., R. Legarda Bldg.R. Magseysay Bid. Manita, Philippines.31. Mr. B. B, Shah;' Rioe Coordinator, Department of Agri. Kathmandu, Nepal.32. Mr. Nazir Abdullah, Pasar Jumat Research Centre of the National Atomic Energy Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia.33. Mr. Myint Thein, Assistant General Manager, Central Agricultural Research Institute, Burma.34. Mr. Prasert Reinkeaw, Animal Sciences Department I

340. Mr. Maisonneuve Jaiguline ) E. N. V. A. IK, Maisons-Mr. Lemuet Gerarol. ) Alfort-France.41. Dr. Gordon J. King, Department of Animal & Poultry Science University of Guelph. Guelph, Ontario. Canada.42. Chaudhary Randhir Singh, Member, National Commission on Agriculture, Govt. of India, New Delhi.43. Mohamed S. Zehni, Chairman, Agricultural Research Centre, P.O. Box 2480, Triponi/Libya.44. Mohamed F. Elhaddad, Libyan Delegate.45. Abddullh M. Nassar, Libyan Delegate.46. J. M. Lock Hart, Regional Advisory Officer, Ministry of Agri. & Fisheries, New Zealand.47. Dr. D. R. Maclaine, Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries, Wellington, New Zealand.48. Dr. Ivan R. Anderson, Colombo Plan Dairy Advisor, New Zealand c/o Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi.49. Dr. J. B. Jayasinghe )Dr. D. H. A. Suhesinghe ) Ceylon Delegation to XXthDr. P. Thangarajati ) Indian Veterinary Conference.Dr. H. J. Perris )50. Dr. John Davie, Animal Health Adviser, ODA, London.51. Di. Shoxo Vvaianabe, National Institute of Animal Industry, Chiba-shi, Japan.AWARDSK. S. Nair, Memorial Award has been awarded to three Scientists of this Division for their research work.The name of the Scientists are :-1. Shri M. S. Jayaraman (Posthumous)2. Shri P. C. Harbola3. Shri B. K. Kathuria4. Shri M. S. Negi, an employee of the Institute has been awarded Tamra Patra by the U. P. Government.INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIONThe WHO/FAO International Reference Centre on Brucellosis at Mukteswar campus has rendered usefulservices during the last two decades.Nuclear Research laboratories were established in March 1969 under UNDP/SF. The radiation attenuatedlungworm vaccine of sheep having successfully completed field trials is now being arranged .for large scaleproduction. To meet the demands for this vaccine for J & K and other Himalayan states, a laboratory at Sri nagarhas been established. The work on radiation attenuated lungworm vaccine has received wide recognition.Significant work has also been conducted on animal nutrition and metabolism and physiology and endocrinology.A "Centre of Excellence" has been established at the Institute in collaboration With. UNDPjSF with theaim of training teachers and research workers in different aspects of poultry breedmg and production. It hasbeen continued for the 2nd phase.The PL-480 Project on Bovive Lymphosarcoma/leukemia particularly in Indian Buffaloes started functioningin 1969 with Dr. C. M. Singh, Director, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, as the Principal Investigator.It successfully completed its five years period in 1974. In appreciation of the commendable work done underthe project the counterpart scientists of USDA at NADL, Ames, Iowa, recommended the project for extension toconduct further work on certain other aspects.

4FElLOWSHIPS/STUDENTSHIPSThe foliowing scholars were recipients of post graduate felrowships:-leAR Junior Research Fellowships for M. V. Sa.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.Rajni Kant MishraS. C. M~sraL P. NautiyalR. N. SinghB. N. Nath PatraS.C. MajhiM. S. ParthsarthyM. Prakash BabuA. K. SachdevS. K. PaliN. KondaiahD. ChaudhariA. Gabrial RajR.C. KeshriU. K. SinhaN. S. NairA. K. Srivastava-H. P. SrivastavaC. R. KarvikarG. DevagowdaBalraj SinghJ. Rama PrasadBhagwan RautR. Mallikarjuna Fho.B.N. Rac>-R. S. ChillerY. N. SiddiquiG. ButchaiahS. P~ SharmaK~ N. GervatR. Vevakanandafl'M. J. Christophel!M. RehmanAnimal Genetics-do--do--do-Poultry Research-do--do--do--do--do--do--do--do--do--do--do--do--do--do-Gynaecolog /-do-Animal Nutrition-do--do--do--do--do--do-Pathology-do­Bio-chemistry-do­Physiology

5ICAR SEN lOR RESEARCH FElLOWSHlPS FOR Ph.D.1. ,. A. Siddiqui Animal Nutriti'on2. C. B. Johari -do-3. Binod Bhargava -do-4. D. C. Johari -90-5. R. K. Srivastava -do-6. Jai Kishan -do-7. N. N. Pathak -do-8. Murari lal -do-9. Desh Raj Bhatia -do-10. J.C. Gupta --do-11. Mohd. Hyder A\i -do-12. R. Raja Gopal -do-13. O. Sreeman Narayana PhysiologV14. M. R. Prabhakar -do-15. S. K. Saxena -do-16. Ashok Kumar -ClO-17. Nem Sin€Jh -do-18. S. R. G. Muralidharam Parasitology19. M. Zafarullah Ansari -do-20. Snit. Gita Biswas -do-21. D. S. Singh Physiology22. K. D. Pandey Bacterio)ogy23. V. A. Srinivasan ---

6MERIT SCHOLARSHIP OF THE IVRI FOR Ph.D.1, A. K. Batabyal2. V. K. KhodaPoultry ResearchAnimal GeneticsMERIT SCHOLARSHIPS OF THE IVRI FOR M.V.Sc1. S. K. Nanda Poultry Research2. Syed Amenuddil'l -do-3. Ayodhya Prasad -do-4. C.M. Mehapatra -po-5. Pravin D. Desai -do-6. V. D. Bulbufe -do-7. J. C. Biswas Animal Genetics8. S. M. Srivastava -do-9. V. P. Singh -00.,.-1G. Shibanarayan Pandrn Gynaecology11. M. S. Saxena -do-12. K. V. Subha Reddy Biochemistry13. D.H Sattv -do-'14. ..1. N. Singh -do-1,5. A. M. Shiv Kumaar Pharmacology16. N. P. Singh -do-1·7. D. P. Sin~h Bacteriology18. C.P. Srivastava Pathology19. D. K. Nandy PhysiologySTATEMENT SHOWING THE RECEtPT AND EXPENDITUREFIGURES FOR THE CALENDER YEAR 1973RECEIPT FOR THE YEAR 1973.Rupees.Sale of Biological ProductsSale of animalsSale of DairyOther miscellaneous receiptsTotar21.92,777.2573,056.101.95,905".9414.80,10t.1739,41.840.46

7EXPENDITURE FOR THE YEAR 1973Salaries and T.A. etc., of Officers and StaffAssets including purchase of animalsFeed & Up-keep of animalsCost of chemicals & glasswaresOther miscellaneous expenditureB.P. Division including pay & T. A.Expansion of I.V.R.I. and its P.G. Collegeof Animal Sciences under the IVth Five Year Plan; IzatnagarBangalore CentreAll India Coordinated ProjectsP. L. 480 -SchemeSummer Institute at I.V.R.I.l.e.A.R. FellowshipsPension and other retirement benefitsScheme for studies on the Biology and Controlof Theilaria met out of A. P. Cell Fund40,19,025.279,05.959.005,72.074.222,76,748.4312.84,836.9711,75,949.31 tJ S

8Scholarship/Fellowship of I.C.A.R.Pension & other retirement benefits.Seminar & Conferences4.686.7546.725.31950.00Expansion of IVRIPay of OfficersPay of EstablishmentAllowances & Honoraria etc.Travelling ExpensesI nterim ReliefLeave Salary & Pension Contribution.Other Chargesunder Fourth Five Year: PLan61.639.2046.235.8067,118.157.926.6521.129.3()12.86,581 .8914,90.630.99All India Co-ordinated Project for Epidemiologica! of Foot andMouth Disease.Pay of Officers.4.593.30 .pay of Establishment3,422.65Allowances & Honoraria etc-.6.24515Travelling Expenses4.281.13Interim Relief1.824.00Leave Salary & Pension ContributionOther Charges42.1'16.33'62.48256~ U India Co-ordinated Project f'or Goats Mohair/Pashmina Pro ...duction (Plan} Grant-in-aidPay of OfficersPay of EstablishmentAllowances & Honoraria etc.Travelling ExpensesInterim Reliefleave Salary & Pension Contribution-.Other ChargesTotal Non-PlanTotal PlanTotal Centrally sponsored Schemes (Plan)'Total Co-ordinated Project (Plan)Total I.C.A.R. Fellowship/ScholarshipTotal Pension & other retirement benefits.Total·Seminar &0 Conferences23.340.3525.866.552.931.857,790.951,10,854.751.70.784.4531, 15,022.59 ~14,90.630.-99. 11..0 0...62,482.56 "tV i \1,70.784.45 '- ,4.686.7546,725.31950.00Grand Total 48.91.28265

9ReceiptsSale of Sera & VaocineDairy ProductsPoultry ProductsSale of fruits Plants & Vegetables etc.Rent including water & Electricity chargesApplication fee, Tuition fee and Diploma ChargesMiscellaneous77,901.1548.475.592.892.053,281.2268,388.363,242.751,61,431.91Total 3.65.613.03Bacteriology and VirologySUMMARY OF DIVISIONAL REPORTSCalfhood vaccination against FMD has been tried with encouraging results. Stlddies we're conducted tomodify the conventional FMD vaccine. Rinderpest was transmitted to two sheep and two goats kept in cont'actwith experimentally infected hill bulls. Occurrence of rinderpest in a pig from Kamaka has been reported.Field trials with sheep pox vaccine were conducted in about 5000 sheep (exotic crossbred and indigenous). Theresults have been encouraging. Attempts were made to propagate RM/65 strain of sheep pox. Serum samplesof horses from Poona and mules from Assam revealed presence of rabies neutralising antibodies in some samples.Trials with combined vaccines against pasteurellosis were conducted in his bwlls. Combined oil adjuvant vaccinewas found to be superio'r. B'esldes preparation of brucella antigens efforts were made to try various testantigens. Investigations were conducted on prevalence of leptospirosis in organised farms and causes of abortion.Sera samples were examined for leptospirosis, Milk samples were examined to determine the cause of mastitis inlactating cows. Cause of infectious abortions among farm stock reveal~d serological evidence of Brucella andLeptospira. Further studies were conducted in duration of immunity and keeping quality of black diseasevaccine and multi-component vaccine. Studies were also conducted on development of a combined vaccineagainst black disease and enter0toxaemia. Studies were conducted on mycotic diseases, particularly the skindisease, lichen tropicus. Activities in tissue culture comprised maintenance of cell lines. ar:ld studies of variouscell lines. Disease investigation activities comprised examination of specimens for bacterial and viral affectionsand on the spot investigation wherever nec;essary.Biological ProductsThe large scale production of veterinary biologicals and their supply was continued.comprised improvement of production procedures, and standardization of techniques.Research activitiesDivision of ParasitologyThe males of Stomoxys calcitrans when treated with 1 % tepa or apholate at a dbse of Q.B48ju litre/flyget sterilized. These males compete well with normal mafes in their sexual behaviour.Argas persicus, the poultry tiek when expo99d to filter papers treated with tepa @ 20 mg./per Sq. Cm. and20 mg./900 Sq. Cm tGlr 24 and 48 hours respectively. gets s tenlised to a certain degree. Sterility was alsoinduced in this tick by irradiating them gamma rays.A survey On the incidenGe of Haemonchus contortus revealed that the incidence of the parasite is lowestduring February and March and higher in July, August and September. The studies on .seasonal egg out li>ut ofH. oontortus in experimental lambs/sheep revealed that it suddenly drops in April. then §radually increases to

10reach its maximum in August. Subsequently it declines from September onwards. Chemcther2ipuetic trialswith various anti-helminthics showed that Nilverm was economical and effective in controllin,] H. cor.tortusinfection.The fecal examination of buffaloes and cattle for Fasciola gigantica infection showed infection in 45.4%buffaloes and 31.5% cattle. However in animals examined in local slaughter house, the incidence of infectionwas found to range between 38.9- 62.29%. On examination of the intermediate snail host (Lymaea auricu!aria)only 0.71% were found positive for the cercariae of F. gigantica.Fewoutbreaks of theileriasis were attended in different parts of the country and a strain of the parasitewas isolated from Agra through Xenodiagnosis and lymph node biopsy.Studies on the ecology, host range, parasitEs and predators of Hyalomma (Hyalommina) Kumari Sharif,1928 the goat tick-have been completed.The effect of various dosE s of ionising radiation on the reproductive potential and radiosel'lsitivity ofHyalomma (H,) dromedarii was investigated.Besides studies on the incidence, morphology and heamatology, the effect of different levels of gammaradiation on Gaigeria pachyscolis was investigated.The biology of Schistosoma nasa/e in the definitive and intermediate hosts and incidence of the parasitein buffaloes has been studied.Studies were conducted on breeding and maintenance of Lymnaea luteo!a the intermediate host ofSchistosoma incognitum along with host reaction. pa1hcgenesis and immunology.Animal Nutrition"-The activities were on five major-projects viz (1) Feed Technology and processing. use of ,dgro-industria.'by products as cattle feed, (2) Cattle"' and buffalo nutrition, (3) Sheep and goat nutrition. (4) pig and laborawlYanimal r utrition. (5) Ruman digestion and metabolism.Poultry ResearchMain emphasis was given to projects on developing suitable strains of poultry for egg and meat production.Test mating of the four promising broiler strains involving White Rock and White Cornish breeds wascarried (ut and single crosses were evaluated for £ rowth rate, livability, feed efficiency and dressing percentage.Several selection ,inoices utilizing egg production, growth rate and egg weight were developed for selection ofbroiler dams. 8 white leghorn strains were evaluated for their production pelformance. Work on poultrynutrition was solving pro~lems pertaining nutritional requirements of birds of two All India Coordinated ResearchProjects. In the area of poultry products technology the aim was product development and recycling poultrydressing plant wastes. Hatchery by· product meal prepared from offal, head, feet and feathers of birds dressedwas processed suitably and analysed for proximate composition.Animal Genetics DivisionBIOQd group and polymorphism studies on farm animals were continued during the year. Studies to associateblood groups with economic traits showed that most of the blood group factors were neutral. But preSEnceof blood group factors F, G c.nd W influenoed lactation length, lactation yield and birth weight respectively.Investigations on biochemical varients~ trar.sferins, haemoglobin albumin etc. in sheep were In progress.

11Studies on serum cholesterol showed that Hariana x jersey cattle have highest S9 rum cholesterol value incomparison to other cross-bred~. Six difference in serum cholesterol was also noticed.Work in standardization of Karyotyping techniques for cattle was in progress •.A new semen freezing techique reported last year (Tupol) was tried in the field.inseminated during the year.So far 421 animals wereOver 1000 animals rEported to he anoestrous in rural areas were investigated for the incidence of trueancestrum. Incidence of 'True Anoestrum' was found to be 36% in heifers and 58% in buffalo heifns; In cowsand buffalo cows, the incidence was 43 and 33% respectively.Division of PathologyInvestigations were conducted on disorders of female reproductive system in cattle and buffaloes withparticular reference to infections. Preliminary work on ameliorative meaSUies against iluoriosis in animals revealedencouraging results with aluminium chloride. Mortality pattern in piglets was studied in the Institute. A caseof mucornycosis was recorded in a piglet of 18 weeks age. Similarly cause of mortality in lambs, kids and laboratoryanimals was investigated in certain Divisions of the Institute. Studies on poultry diseases comprised pathologyof respiratory diseases, haematological values of Marek's disease infected chicks, and allied problems. Laboratorydiagnostic seTvices and disease investigation activities were continued effectively,Division of Physiology and PharmacologyIn animal climatology investigations were conducted on zone of thermoneutrality in Hariana and its exoticcrosses. Further studies were conducted on efficacy of a biostimulator preparations in augmentation of growthin livestock and poultry. Endocrinological studies comprised standardization of methcds and application oftracer techniques. Studies on toxicology consisted of analysis of tissues of experimental animals manitainedon 200 and 1000 ppm of DDT, analysis of livestock feed for DDT and malathion residues. Ten medicinal plantswere screened for their anthel mintic action.Division of Veterinary Public HealthStudies were conducted on spontaneOl's arterial diseases in pigs and buffaloes. Various lesions occurringarterial system of these species have been described. Other activities comprised control of rabies in limited areasin Bareilly, rickettsial zoonoses. bateriological studies on gastroenteritis in man with special reference to foodborne infections/intoxication. pyrexia of unknown origin with particular reference to brucellosis in human patientsat VPH Unit, Calcutta, role of animals in the epidemiology of Influenza and other zoonotic diseases suc~ asSalmonella, Staphylococcal isolates, and bacteriological studie~ on meat and meat products with special referenceto public health aspects.DiVision of StandardizationPreliminary studies have been carried out in buffalo calves, sheep and rabbits inoculated with G. T. V.Potency testing of H. S. Oil adjuvant vaccine was successfully carried out in rabbits, Testing and serotyping ofvaccines/antigens/cultures was continued.Division of EpidemiologyRetrospective studies on the pattern and frequency of diseases in exotic cattle were conducted.were made to study epidemiological parameters and morbidity date.Efforts

Division of Extension12The Division organised staff course for senior officers from state animal Husbandry Departments. Itparticipated in exhibitions and screened scientific films. D'uring Annual Day Celebrations 'Open Day' and'Farmers Day' attracted a large number of visitors, local dignataries and farmers. A radio broadcast 6n I. V. R. I.from All India Radio was arranged.REGIONAL CENTRESFoot-and-Mouth Virus Vaccines Laboratory. BangaloteStudies were conducted on BHK21 Cell line received from Virus Research Centre, Poona at 86th passagelevel. Attempts were made to devise a formula for preparation of suitable medium for supporting growth.Growth curve studies were also made. PreJimi'nc:lry work was carried out on aaaptation of FMD virus type toBHl

13Studies were undertaken to modify the coventional foot and mouth disease vaccine. The objective in viewwas to reduce the dose of the vaccine by incorporation of saponin to aluminium hydroxide gel and by increasingthe concentration of the antigen.to assess the minimum protective dose of the monovalent saponified-gel vaccine against each virus type,cattle were protected with 1.5. 3, 4.5, and 6 ml dose of monovalent vaccine. using three animals for each dose.On challenge with 10 3 to 10" cattle infective doses, keeping three susceptible animals as challenge virus controls,it was found that the animals receiving 3, 4.5 and 6 ml of the modified vaccine were immune 1hereby, giving aclear indication that by the use of this vaccine, the doses of foot and mouth vaccine could be considerablyreduced.RinderpestRinderpest was transmitted to two sheep and two goats, wlien kept in contact with exterimentally infectedhills bulls. The infection was established by thermal reaction and by agar gel precipitation test.An outbreak among sheep suspected to be rinderpest in Karnataka State, was investigated.isolated and the disease was confirmed by the reproduction of disease and serological test.Virus wasBiological, and serological tests, confirmed rinderpest in a pig from Karnataka State.The indirect gel precipitation test was done 4 times with 19 serum samples; so as to have a tool to assessthe presence of antibody against rinderpest; but the test did not give encouraging results.Four batches of rinderpest tissue culture vaccine have been prepared using lamb kidney cell culture systemand three batches by using buff calf kidney cell culture. Vaccines produced in these cell culturesystem are being studied in comparison with the conventional vaccine, where calf kidney cells are used.Sheep PoxField trials were carried out in varieus exotic, crossbred and indigenious breeds of sheep in differentstates. The results of field trials in about 5,000 sheep, both at the face of outbreak of the disease and undernormal conditions were quite successful. Further, 10 cover large number of sheep and area, over 8,000 dosesof vaccine were supplied to the interested parties to see the efficacy of vaccine.Two attempts to propagated RM/65 strain were made. The cytopathic effects were observed both timesduring first passage in primary lamb Kidney· cell monolayer; during subsequent passages, however, the C.P. E.was not observed. Three to five blind passages were given and tests for immunogenicity were done in sheep.The challenge results did not confirm the presence of virus. Fresh attempts to grow the virus have been made.This time during three passages C.P.E. is being observed but not in cent percent infected tubes and bottles.Studies are continuing.A short course on the production technology of this vaccine was organised at Biological Products DivisionIzatnagar. lhe course was attended by the nominees of J&K, Rajasthan, M.P., A.P., Maharashtra, Assam andKarnataka States. With the completion of course, it is hoped that these states W9uld be able to produce theirrequirements.RabiesDuring the year 40 serum samples of horses, collected at Poona, were tested. Of these 9 were eitherpositive or doubtful. All the positive and doubtful sera weie retested individually and it was found that in all 17(10%) serum samples had revealed the preser.ce of rabies neutralizing antibodies and 10 (5.9%) had traces of thesame.

14Field area in Assam was visited to collect serum samples from army mules where some cases of rabiesamong mules, with no history of exposure, wer" reported. Serum samples from 92 mules were colleted; of the41 serum samples screened, two have revealed the presence of rabies neutralizing antibody.Material from 41 animals of various species suspected for rabi.es was received for confirmation of diagnosis.Out of those 14 were positive and 22 negative for rabies by histopathological examination and/or biological test.PasteurollosisDirect challenge tests were performed on the hill bulls vaccinated against haemorrhagic septicaemia (H.S.) withcombined H.S. and B.a. oil adjuvant vaccine (vaccine 4), combined H.S. and B.a. alum precipitated vaccine (vaccine5) and commercial H.S. adjuvant vaccine (vaccine 1). Serum samples were also collected from these animals atmonthly intervals, which were put to different indirect tests to see the presence of antibodies a(!lainst Pasteurella.multocida. Two hill bulls from each vaccination group were challenged on 79th day post-vaccina!ion with 1mlof 10 1 dilution of 18 hrs broth culture of P 52 by subcutaneous route along with controls. The controls diedwithin 48 hrs, while the vaccinated animals withstood challenge. later on another batch of vaccinated hill bull,one hill bull protected with commercial H.S. adjuvant vaccine and three each protected with the other two vaccines,were challenged on 215th day post-vaccination, along with two controls. The dose and route of infection with P uwas the same as above. Both the controls died within 48 hrs. All the vaccinated animals except one, vaccinatedwith combined H.S. and B.a. alum precipitated vaccine, wrthstood the challenge. The results of these tests,tend to show that the combined oil adjuvant vaccins is immunologically better than combined alum precipitatedvaccine.From the different indirect test viz; agglutination, indirect haemagglutination and mouse protectiontests, conducted on the sera collected at monthly intervals from vaccinated animals it was found that theaverage agglutinin titre of the sera from hill bulls vaccinated against combined oil adjuvant vaccine wassuperior to those of combined alum precipitated vaccine.BrucellosisDuring the period under report two batches of antigen comprising 1025 ml were produced. Three batches,consisting of 1675 ml were standardized. A total of 1395 ml of antigen was supplied to the field.Rose Bengal Plate test (R.B.P.T.) antigen was prepared, using ar. Abortus strain 99(instead of Br. abortus st. III 9-3 as used by the U.S. Department of Agriculture) in lactal buffer (pH. 3.65).172 sera samples from cattle, 32 from sheep and goats were tested by R.B.P.T., S.T.T. HIT. and MET, R.B.P.T.appears to give a good correlation with Mercapto ethanol test than with STT & HIT. Most of the sera whichgave low titres with S:r.T. were negative to R.B.P.T. and MET; on the other hand most of the sera whichwere positive to R.B.P.T. were negative to HIT.Two gmups of guinea pigs, consisting of 50. guinea pigs in each group, were given Br. abortus strain19 (2 x 10 8 organisms) subcutaneously. Three animals from each group were sacrificed at regular intervalsof 5, 10, 30, 60, 120, 153, 196, and 263 days. Cultures we ra attempted from heart blood, liver, spleen,bone marrow and Iympth glands on 5th and 10th days; no cultures could be isolated on subsequent days.Agglutinins were present in the sera of these animals which were at its peak on the 30 th day, and declinedafterwards. These were detectable upto 196 days though irregularly and in low titres. The titres werenegative when sera were heated at 65°C.

15Leptospirosis(a) Investigations 'were undertaken to study the prevalence of Leptospirosis In three organized farms inAndhra Pradesh. In respect of two Dairy Farms. Kakinada and Warangal. the data on the number of normalparturitions and flbortions was collected for the years 1970. 1971 and 1972. The data of the two farms indicatesthat overall rate of abortions in three years was 10% approximately when compared with normal parturitions.(b) Investigntions into cause of abortions with reference to leptospirosis have been undertaken at Dairyfarms, Kakinada, Warangal and Visakhapatnam. The serum samples from adult females with the previous historyof abortion and in-contacts and bulls maintained in the farm premises have been examined for agglutininsto Leptospira serotypes.The detailed serological investigations carried out at the above farms revealed that the animals at DairyFarm, Kakinada. with or without history of abortion, showed uniformly the presence of agglutinins toL. woJlli antigen, while at Dairy Farms, Warangal the animals showed the presence of agglutinins to L.autumnalis and the presence of agglutinins to L. autumnalis and L. pomona antigens. At Dairy Farm. Visakhapatnam,the animals showed agglutinins to 3 or 4 serotype antigens name Iv L woffi, L. pyrogenes. L. bailum andL. tarassovi. The agglutinin titres recorded varied between 1:1000 to 1 :300,000.(c) Intensive efforts were made in the above 3 farms forcultural isolation of Leptospira from the sero-positivereactors. No material was available from cases of abortion. The materials collected for isolation work were.urine samples (19) uterine discharges and Vaginal swabs (18), semen samples (4~) water and sewagesamples and wild rodents trapped in the infected farm premises and were processed.The water samples collected from the water troughs of sero-positive animals at Dairy Farm WarangalYielded a Leptospira isolate. This isolate when tested with 15 known standard serogroup sera, reactedpartially (in titres upto 1 :800) with Autumnalis, Ictelohaemorrhagiae and Cynopteli serogroups. Further detailedcharacterization is in progress. The other materials did not yield any leptospira isolate.Examination of serum samples for LeptospirosisDuring this year a total of 701 serum samples of different species of animals and human being werereceived from 8 states viz. Andhra Pradesh, GtJjrat, Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala. Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra,Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh. The serum samples consisted of cows, (298) bulls including buffalo bulls (236),she buffaloes (54), sheep (50) goats (6) pigs (41) guinea-pigs (2) dog (1) and human beings (13) andwere examined for antibodies against leptospirae using a battery of antigens comprising 10-12 serogroups. Of the701 serum samples, 408 shows and significant titres (1:100 and above) of agglutinins to one or more antigensbdonging to 10 serogroups. The number of positive serum samples-species wise were cows (77), bulls(70) buffaloes (2). The serogroups encounered among positive sera were Habdomadls, Pomona, Ballum,Pyrogenes. Autumnalis and Tarassovi.From the particulars furnished with the serum samples it was noticed that cows (58), she buffaloes(7), sheep ("14) and goats (6) were from cases of abortion. Of these, serum samples from 32 cows, 4 shebuffaloes, 12 sheep and 6 goats showed the presence of agglutinins in significant titres (1;100 to 1:3,000) toL. pomona, L. Wolf/i, L. bal/um and L. autumnaJis antigen.MastitisOne hundred six (1976) quarter milk samples lactating. cows of ~he Institute Experimental Dairy herd,Muktesvvar, VIIere subjected to certain screening tests, as well as somatic cell counts and bacteriologicaleXtlmination. The screening tests employed included modified whitesides test. (MWT), modified California

16Mastitis Test (MCMT), Sodium lauryl sulphate teepol test (SLSTT) and Negretti field test (NFT). All thesetest. are generally based on the increased number of somatic cells in the milk scretion consequent to injury tothe under parenehyma. The first three tests showed comparabl,e results which the fourth i.e. NFT appearedto be rather over sensitive.The numbers of quarter milk samples showing somatic cell counts upto 490,000/- ml and those showing500,000/- ml or higher counts in relation to respective reaction results were recorded. These results showedthat while all these screening tests may fail to detect some milk samples with cell counts 500,000/- ml or higher,the first three tests namely MWT, MCMT and SLSTT rarely give false positive reactions on samples_ with cellcounts lower then 500,000/- mI. Work on the evaluation of these tests for detection of mastitis in buffaloesis in progress.Bacteriological examination gf milk samples revealed predominance of streptococci and Siaphylococci asthe cause of bovine mastitis.Infectious abortion, among farm stockAn investigation was carried out in four herds including one dairy herd, one sheep, one goat and one'swine herd where cases of abortion have been occurring. Some of the aborted cows and buffaloes showedserological eyidence of Bluceda and LePtospira infections in both exotic and indigenous animals. Morbidmaterials collected from cases of ovine abortion yielded isolation of a number of strains of specific pathogenswhich included Listeria monocytogenes. (This organism has been recently isolated also from aborted humanfoetuses). Some of the cases of caprine abortion and monatal deaths yielded isolation of a variety of organismswhich included Brucella melitensis, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella sp. Organisms belonging togenus Salmonella were also isolated from cases at swine and equ.in~ abortion.AnaerobesDuring the period under report further _studies on duration of immunity and keeping quality were carriedout. Duration of immunity in guinea pigs induced by a primary and secondary dose of antigen was determrnedupto six months. SimUltaneously duration of immun'ity in sheep inoculated with two doses of black diseasevaccine was also determined.The antitoxic titre' of sheep vaccinated with two doses o'f one ml subcutaneously at an interval of 21days was determined upto 24 weeks and it was observed that during the first four weeks of vaccination, theantitoxic titre to a level of 30 LU .• 0.5 I.U_, 0.5 I.U. and 0.4 I.U. at remained at 8,12.16. 20 and 24 weeksinterval, respectively. All vaccinated sheep survived the challenge while the healthy controls died of C/.oedamatier.s infection. During this experiment it was shown that sheep were immune to black disease solong as the Circulating alpha-antitoxin titre was 0.4 I.U. ml or more which remained more than 24 weeks.Further studies Gn the keeping quality of black disease vaccine. while kept for 8 and' 2 months atincubation, room and refrigeration temperatures were carried out to find its immunogenic response in guineapigs. Vaccine maintained its potency at room and incubator temperatures in 1 ml dose but not in 0.4 ml dosesfor eight months. However, vaccine kept at refrigeration temperature for one year has given quite high andsatisfactory antitoxic titre i.e. 50 I.U., and 30 I.U. on inoculation in a dose of 1 ml and 0.4 ml respectively.Two field trials of multi component c/osttidial vaccine in sheep at C.S.W.R.I., Avikanagar (Raj.) andCentral Sheep and Wool Research Station, Pashulok Rishikesh were conducted. A total of 629 sheep of differentbreeds were inoculated with two doses of 5.ml sIc of multicomponent vaccine at an interval of 21 days

17and a representative number of 10 sheep were bled for the collection of serum sample on 10th days of secondinoculation. Preinoculation serum of these sheep were also collected for the determination of antitoxin titreagainst each antigen incorporated in the vaccine.Pooled preinoculation serum did not contain any antitoxin against toxins of Ct. perflingens types 0and C, C/. septicum and C/. oedematiehS alpha toxin. Pooled serum from the sheep inoculated with vaccinecontained therein 10 I.U. of epsilon antitoxin of C/. perfringens 0 21 U of peta antitoxin of CI. perfringens«ype C, 2.5 I.U. of CI. septicum antitoxin and 30 I.U. of alpha antitoxin of CI. oedematiens.Serum samples at monthly intervals for three months were received from C.S.W.R.I. for findifllg out theantitoxic response against each antigen incorporated so as to find out the duration of immunity against theseClostridial disease.From the above results it would appear ·that the antitoxic titre involved against each antigen had been quitesatisfactory and the variation in the response in different breeds is not significant. Besides these 200 doses ofmulticomponent clostridial vaccine were supplied for vaccination in one flock.Studies were also cOl)ducted on the development of a combined vaccine against black disease andenterotextemia. Preliminary trials in a limited number of sheep showed quite satisfactory results. The postinoculation serum contained 5 I.U. of alpha antitoxin of C/. perfringens type D and 10 I.U. of alpha antitoxinCt. perfringens type D and 10 tU. of alpha antitoxin of C/. oedemations which is a good immunogenic response.Vaccine ProductionA total of 45,100 doses of black disease were prepared and tested for supply to J & K States'Lamb dysentary vaccine 15,000 doses were prepared and tested for supply to J & K and Avikanagar.15,000 doses an experimental struck vaccine were prepared and supplied to Avikanagar.Disease InvestigationEnterotoxaemia in goatOne intestinal filtrate received from A. D. I. O. Hissar revealed the presence of epsilon toxin of C/. perfringenstype D on toxin-antitoxin neutralization and biological test in mice, which gives an indication thatenterotoxaemia due to Ct. perfringens may be prevalent in ou~ country and needs investigation.B. Q. in Heifer Calf at PantnagarMaterial received in t,he form of muscle piece from a case of black quarter revealed the presence of CI.chauvoei and C/. perfringens type A on cultural. biochemical and [biological tests. Enterotoxaemic jaundicedue to C/. perfringens type A in lambs at Izatnagar. was ~ecorded.Two culture tubes were received from the Pathology Division isolated from the liver and kidney of asuspected Case of enterotoxaemic jaundice. Both cultures revealed the presence of C/. perfringens type A dncultural biochemical and toxin antitoxin neutralization and biological test in mice. However, the confirmationof disease can be done only on finding out of alpha toxin in the intestical contents ot dead lambs. Attemptsare made to develop a toxoid for the prophylaxis of the disease.

18Supply of Cultures and Antitoxin372 Culture tubes of different clostridial organisms were supplied to different state department~ and teachingResearch Institutions. 80 ml of C/. perfringens type A,B,C, 0 diagnostic antisera were supplied to different statedeparfments and teaching and research institutions in India.MycologyDuring the year under report, investigation into the obscure skin disease, lichen tropicus, etiology ofwhich is not known yet, was taken up. The disease IS affecting quite a large number of animals viz. horses,mules, donkeys and camels and the animals remain idle for 5-9 months in a year. But the camels which weresuspected to be suffering from lichen tropicus were found to harbour mange infections. While the specimens" from'other species of animals on direct Microscopical, cultural and histopathological examinations, were found tobe positive for fungal infections. On the basis of the present fungal isolates and the demonstration of mycoticbodies in the histopathological examination, the infection seemS'to be complex syradome rather than a singleentity. However, before, coming out with a definite conclusion, further study is required.In a trials, three drugs were found to be effective within eight days of local application in a batchof ringworm cases.An outbreak of ringworm in a group of 96 guinea pigs were also investigated and Trichophyton menta':'grophytes had been isolated from the skin scrapings.Besides these, materials from 21 human cases suspe.cted to be suffering from mycotic infections, wereexamined. These comprised 18 superficial and 3 systemic cases ego tinea versicolor, derrnatomyposi~, mange,athelete's foot, skin candidiasis, mycetoma, pulmdnary candldiasis, pulmorlary actinoycosis etc. Most of thecases got cured with specifiC treatroent.The cells have gone thirteen passages in the laboratory. The 'cells m,ove in parallel array and there is noevidence of loss of contact inhibition by any cell at this passage level. The cells also have the problem ofnatural degeneration at times. These cells have also revealed anthracoids.Tissue CultureThe cell lines being maintained in the unit till December, 1971 were stored for safety, at the VirusResearch Centre, Poona before the officer proceeded for U.K. The cell were very kindly propagated, wherevernecessary by Dr. U.V. Wagh. The cell lines HeLa, HLS 2 , VERO, BKs and M.S. were received from V.R.C.Poona by post. The cells were cultured in the laboratory and stored i'n Revco at -70 a C. BH K21 cellswere studied in different commercial media like BIOS~ BHK medium, CIBCO BHK medium, 199 and thelaboratory medium developed by the offtcer-in-charge at I.V.R.I., Pirbright, U.K. Irrespective of the mediumused, the cells multiplied up to 3·4 days, whereafter, more often than not, showed natural degeneration;the degeneration could be avoided however, by frequent washing and change' of medium.The cells did not support a satisfactory take of the virus, studied independents in the foot and mouthresearch unit and tissue culture unit. Detailed studies revealed that the cells were contaminated with anthracoids,which at times affected degeneration changes in cells and did not allow virus replication to satisfactorytitres.BHK21 cells were cloned to study the possiQle mixed population, as indicated by officers work at theChester Beaty Cancer Research Institute, England ..

19Seven clones, with definite fibroblastic cells, out of seventeen picked up, were developed. Six out ofseven clones developed, started showing natural degeneration after about six weeks culturing and discarded.One designated BHK 21 -CL, waS propagated and further studied.Disease InvestigationDuring the year under leport a total 115 + 365 specimens of different disease have been received inthe Division. These have been examined in different laboratories and out of these results of 292 specimenswere communicated to concerned parties. The remaining 73 specimens are still in process and results wouldbe communicated shortly.Sheep PoxFifteen specimens suspected to be sheep pox, CPO, g0at pox and other virus diseases were dealth within the laboratorv. Four ,specimens are under test.RabiesMaterial from 41 animals of various species suspected for rabies was received. Out of those 14 werepositive and 22 negative for rabies by histopathological examination and/or biological test. The remaining 4specimens were unfit for examination and one is under test.T. B. J~ D~Seven specimens were received. The result of the 4 specimens have been communjcated and 3 specimensare under process.AnaerobesSixteen specimens were examined for the presence of clostridial organisms/toxins received from differentState Departments. The results of 11 specimens have been communicated and 4 are still under test.BacteriologyMorbid materials belonging to 115 specimens received from different parts of the country and from varioussections of the institute were examined bacteriologically and th~ results of isolation and identification of causalagents communicated to the concerned authorities. In addition 35 large animals, 8 guinea pigs, 7 rabits and5 hamsters, were examined postmortem and the morbid materials collected from these were subjected to.detailed bacteriological examination.A total of 728 bacterial qultures were supplied to various Institutions in the country for research, teachingand production of biological products.leptospiresis119 specimens from various parts of the country were received. 0ut of these, results of 76 were communicatedand remaining 43 are in process.

20Rinderpest41 specimens from different parts of the country were received and results of all the specimens werecommunicated.Brucellosis19 specimens were received, the result of 12 were communicated, the remaining 7 are under test.Eight sera samples from sheep showing epididymoorchitis along with Br. OVIS antigen (killed) werereceived from Dr. G.C. Calley of Indo-Australian sheep breeding project for performing CF test. Sera sampleswere collected from sheep farm at Hissar. The results by CF test revealed that 4 out of 8 sera were stronglypositive against Br. ovis antigen. This is the first serological evidence of Br. ovis infection in India among sheep.Foot and mouth disease virus typingDuring the period under report 56 specimens for confirmation of virus isolation were received. Theresult of 46 specimens were communicated and the 10 specimens are still under test.Evidence of Blue TongueThe two cases suspected of blue tongue have· been reported one at Kothipura and the another atRemount Sheep Farm, Dhulia, H.P. Affected sheep showed high rise of temperature 104°& to 106°C, nasaldischarge, hyperaemia of mucous memberance of lower and upper lips, small reddish lesions on the hard palateand haemorrhages on oral papillae were also noticed. These lesions became erroded later on, and healingwas noticed after 72 hours. Many affected sheep showed inflammatory reaction on the coronary band in thefeet. These animals showed lamness and showed the tendency to graze on knee joint. Falling of hoof wasnoticed in a few sheep. Vesicular lesions could not be seen on the tongue or in the interdigital spaces. Theoutbreak was suspected to be blue-tongue and further confirmation is awaited.IV Biological ProductsDuring the period under report the following Biological Products were supplied from this division.~. A.B.R. antigen 1355 ml.2. Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine (Po,lyva!ent) , 48,361 doses3. Lamb Dysentary Vaccine 17,000 doses4. Black Disease Vaccine 45,100 doses5. Culture tubes 1,125 (tubes)6. Virulent RIP bull spleen virus 90 gmsV. Goat tissue virus 11 gms8. Johnin 16,950 doses

21DIVISION OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTSHead, Division of Biological Products: Shri K.C. SinhaThe function of the Division of Biological Products during the year 1973 consisted of large scaleproduction, testing and issue of veterinary biological products to states, army and fareign countries like Iraq,WHO and F~O of the UN. Request from Afganistan Iraq. Iman, Bangia Dash and Vietnam ware also receivedfor supply of veterinary biological products. The work was carried out for the product improvement. The Divisionparticipated in the teaching programme of the post-graduate and certificate coarse in the large scale productionof veterinary biological products. The work pertaining to breeding of laboratory animals was continued.During the year 1973, 28 million doses of biological products were manufactured which amountedto Rs. 19.89 lac and approximately 23 million doses were issued. The total sale proceed during the yearamounted to 16.63 lacs of rupees. The total sale proceed recovered during the year amounted to 20.70 lacsof rupees. Although this Division works on no-profit and no-loss basis, the sale and the recovery figur~swhich are given for this year would project significant profit. It may be mentioned in this connection that theachievement during this year was made without addition of any additional staff any additional laboratory facilitiesand additional budget expenditure. The salient features which highlights the achievements during the )lear wasthat the production of one of the most important vaccine, i. e. Freeze dried Goat Tissue Vaccine was reducedconsiderably so-much-so that from 1.4.1973 the production of freeze dried GTV was absolutely stopped and in Itsplace the production of one of the Freeze dried Rinderpest Tissue Culture Vaccine was started. This has resultedin a considerable saving on the part of this Division in that this Division has saved nearly 7.00 lac of rupees withthe stoppage of purchase of goats, feed etc. In addition this has rendered the work of this Divisio n easy, inthat there had been considerable reduction in the number of mazdoors resulting in considerable economy.The achievements dUring the year 1973 could be described under the following heads;1. Bacterial Vaccines2. Viral Vaccines3. Dignoslics ana antlgens4. Small animal breeding(1) Bacterial VaccinesDuring the year, work was carried out on the improvement of Enterotoxaemia vaccine using indigenouspeptone alongwith the usual standard of meat procured from the contractors. The work shows that thestandard of this vaccine could be improved considerably.(2) Viral VaccinesThe work in respect of Tisiue Culture Rinderpest vaccine was undertaken and the production of GTVwas stopped. Approximately 150 lac of doses of Tissue Culture Rinderpest vaccine were produced and 100 lacdoses were issued to different states p,lIticipating in the All India Rinderppst Eradication Campaign. The workpertainino to testing and further work on product improvement was taken up at this unit as the work of similarnature was stopped at l\!Iukteswar at the Division of Bacteriology and Virology.(3J Diagnostics and antigensDuring this year a comprehensive plan was made to augment the production of diagnostics, likeTuberculin, Johnin and Mallein. Arrangements were also made to equip the laboratory for the chronic bacterialdiseases and with the transfer of the headquarter of the Bacteriologist (Chronic bacterial diseases) to Izatnagar,who had his laboratorv at this Division. The production of Johnin was stepped up.(4) Small Animal Production"The tempo of production and supply of laboratory animals at this DiVision was kept up at a satisfactorylevel in that 22,392 mice, 3,548 rats, 893 guineapigs and 432 rabbits were produced.The statement showing the production and supply of veterinary biological products during the year 1973trom this Division is enclosed.

22Statement showing production and supply of veterinary biological productsmanufactured at Biological Products Division w.e,f. 1-1-1973 to 31-12-1973SI. No.Name of product Manufactured Supplied1.2.3,4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23,.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.B.a. Vaccine 2,]2,750 doses 3,02,600 d.Fowl Pox Vaccine (CEVL) 29,56,200 26,27,900""Anthrax spore vaccine 1,01,800 1,50,000"Ranikhet Disease Vaccine (L) 41,99,800 45,85,800"H.S. Adjuvant vaccine 2,95.0003,46,800""Enterotoxaemia Vaccine 5,02,6005,24,650""Horse Sickness Vaccine 49,08437,464""Mixed Strpto Equi Vaccine 1,393 1,393Brucella Abortus Coloured Antigen 5,620 ml 5,400 mlBrucella Abortus Plain antigen 90,25084,500""Positive Serum 170196"""Strain (19) Vaccino 9,736 doses 9,120 d."Sail. abortus Equi 'H' antigen 1,000 ml 1,000 mlSail. Pullorum coloured antigen 5,6005,920""Sail. Abortus Equi vaccineSail. Pullorum Positive Serum 58 ,.Plain Antigen 1,250"R.D. Vaccine 'F' Strain 46,54,300 43,82,700"lapinised Swine Fever Vaccine 21,900 25,340 d.F.D. Goat Tissue Vaccine 50,94,800 59,86,200"F. D. Rinderpest Tissue Culture Vaccine 89,37,750 83,04,675"Fowl Spirocheatosis vaccine 24,118 18,000Tuberculin Concentrated 61,025 39,135C.C.P.P. Vaccine 77,550 77,550Avian Tuberculin 17,375 7,580Mallein I.D.P. 74,025 65,925Mallein Subcut 2,540 2,791Anti Rabic Vaccine 5% Carbolized 5,64,420 ml 5,35,300 mlRabies Vaccine (l) C.E.O. for dogs 8,410 doses 8,478 d.·Foot and Mouth Disease vaccine (Polovalent) 42,591 38.788·Johnin 6,660 6.630Healthy Calf Serum 2,600 ml 2,750 mlP.P.L.O. Antigen 1,8251,540""_----- ------Total: doses 2,74,11,397 2,75,49,525mI. 6,71,485 6,37,931·Manufactured at Mukt~swar and supply is made from the B.P. Division, Izatnagar.

23DIVISION OF PARASITOLOGYStudies on the effect of Chemosterilants on the reproduction in stable fly Stomoxys calc/trans LWork done and results achievedFrom the laboratorv bred colonv of the stable fly Stomoxys ca/citrans, pupae were selected and eachpupa was tubed individually in test tubes plugged with cotton. On emergence males and females were sortedout and caged separately, sexwise, to avoid mating. 3-4 days old males were dosed with 0.348 litres/fly of1% tepa. 15 treated males were released in a cage 24 hours after treatment alongwith 15 normal virgin femalesand 45 normal males i.e. the ratio was 1 T male: 3N male: 1 N female. These females laid a total of 3.456eggs out of which 1,396 eggs hatched (40.4%) whereas in control group the hatching was 63.02% (10 femaleslaid 2,986 eggs out of which 1,882 eggs hatched). In the next experiment 20 m.les treated with the same doseof tepa, were released in a cage in the ratio of 2T male: 1 N male. These females laid a total of 3,782 eggs outof which 136 eggs hatched (3.33%) whereas in the control group. 5 females laid 1,827 eggs out of which1,027 eggs hatched (56.2%).With another chemosterilant where males were treated with 0.348 litre/fly ~f 1 % apholate, it was foundthat in the ratio of 2T male 1 N male: 1 N female the hatching of eggs was 30.15% (10 females laid a total of3,430 eggs out of which 1,034 eggs hatched) whereas in the control group 5 females laid 1,930 eggs out ofwhich 1,202 eggs hatched (62.2%).The results show that the sterilized males could compete to some extent with normal males at the ratioused in the experiments.Effect of gamma radiation and chemosteri'8nts on the reproductive potential of ticksWork done and results achievedExperiments with chemosterilants7 -10 days old virgin males and females of the poultry tick Argas persicus were exposed separately onpapers treated with tepa @ 20 mg./sq. cm. for 24 hours. These were fed on thicks and then allowed to mateseparately with opposite sex of the same age 24 hours after exposure and fed. It was found that out of 15females that mated with the treated males, 10 females laid a total of 734 eggs Olo.lt of which 319 eggs hatched(43.47%) 10 treated females that mated with normal males laid 1,099 eggs out of which 639 eggs hatched(58.1%). whereas in central group hatching was 80.8% (5 females laid 412 eggs out of which 333 eggshatched).In the next experiment 10 males of the same age were exposed for 48 hours on the tepa treated paper(treated @ 20 mg./900 sq. cm.) and allowed to mate, 5 days later, with the normal females of same age andfed on chicks. Only 2 of the above females laid 88 eggs in all out of these 64 eggs hatched (72.7%). In theControl group hatching was 83.6% (4 females laid 331 eggs out of which 193 eggs hatched).Experiments with irradiation7-10 days old 5 male tick (Argas persicus) were exposed to 500r and allowed to mate with an equalnumber of virgin females 24 hours after exposure and fed on chi cks. These females laid 410 eggs out ofwhich 177 eggs hatched (43.1%). In another lot 5 males of the same age were exposed to 1.000r and theseallowed to mate 24 hours later with normal females and were fed on chicks. These females laid 490 eggs out ofwhich 156 eggs hatched (31.8%). Out of 5 females 3 of these females on baing refed laid 59 egg5 out ofwhich only 3 eggs hatched (5.1%).

247·10 days old normal females that were allowed to mate with normal males, were exposed in two lots to1000r and 2000r. Out of 8 females exposed to 2000r only 2 females laid 171 eggs none of which hatched. Inthe other lot out of 9 females exposed to 1000r, only one female laid 14 eggs which did not hatch while in thecontrol group hatching was 79.9% (10 females laid 717 eggs out of which 573 eggs hatched).The results indicate that some degree of sterility is preduced in the tick Argas persicus by both themethods.The work is in progress.Studies on the incidence, epidemiolC1>gy and ecology of Haemonchus contortusinfection in sheep and goatsThe incidence of Haemonchus contortus during the year 1973 in sheep and goats was 85.5% and 86.9%(January), 80.84% and 62.5 (February), 56.8% and 62.2% (March), 80.4% and 78.2% (April), 81.2% and78.4% (May), 85.7% and 85.0% (June), 91.79% and 66.6% (July), 95% and 85.8% (August), '90.0% and 85.0%(Sept), 86.7% and 88% (October), 85.0% and 95.0% (November) and 90% and 90% (December), respectively.From these data it is evident that the incidence of Haemonchus contortus was higher in the months of July,August and SePtember and then' had fallen down slowly in the subsequent months.The maximum work load during these months, was 147 (January), 159 (February), 150 (March), 275(April), 600 (May), 280 (June), 236 (July), 336 (August), 1306 (September), 316 (October), 244 (November)and 46 (Dec.). The maximum worm load reached to 1306 in the month of September, which is higher thanthe maximum worm load recorded in 1972 (1282 recorded in September 1972), interesting point to note is.that the animal can harbour 1306 adult parasite, without showil'lg any clinical symptoms.Studies on the seasonal output of eggs of Haemonchus contortus in experimentl!ll lambs revealed that theaverage e.p.g. was 1233 (January), 1283 (February), 1741 (March), 900 (April), 1100 (May), 1750 (June),4650 (July), 6870 (August), 6150 (September), 5071 (October), 4156 (Nov), and 2,900 (December). Herethe average e.p.g. in experimental lambs suddenly fell down in Aprif, and then again gradually started increasing,thl!s reaching to maximum in the month of August. with subsequent fall in the following months.Clean tracer lambs born in the sheds were allowed to graze whh the other infected animals. These lambsdid not pick up infection untill they were two months old. In all, six lambs born in the sheds Were used astrecer lambs, of which two were born in the month of January 1973, two were born in the month of March 1973and the remaining two were born in the month of Mav 1973. Those which. were born in the month of May 1973were the youngest lambs. when they pIcked up the infection in the month of July 1973. One of the two lambs,born in January 1973 picked up infection in the last week of May 1973 (at 4 months age). This may bebecause of the fact that the lambs born in January did not get chance to pick up the infective larvae from thepasture. during the winter months. The average e.p.g. of these lambs were 2180 (July), 8760 (Augu&t).,0300 (September), 9700 (October), 8560 (November), and 5250 (December).In collaboration with the Animal Genetics Division efforts were made to control the gastro-intestinalnematode infection by the use of commonly available anthelmintics (Nilverm, Phenovis, Thiabendazole, andBenminth II). The percentage of infection and e.p.g. in the sheep, from A.G. Division during 1973 were 5.4%and 200 (January), 5.4% and 300 (February), 35% and 440 (MarCh), 20% and 300 (April), 15% and' 80 (May)16.6% and 200 (June), 4.7% and 300 (August), 25% and 960 (September). 10% and 700 (October), 15% and300 (November) and 5% and 220 (Decem ber), respectively. During this period animals were drenched threetimes, i.e. (First time-between March and April, Seco~d time· between July and August, and third time betweenOctober and November). From the data it is evident that the percentage of infection increased to 25% in the

25month of Sep~mber, which was checked-and, reduced to 10% in October. This rise in 'he percent of infectionin Sept •. is due to development and presence of large number of infective larvae' in the pasture. becausethe atmosph~ric temperature and humidity being most favourable for their development. And this was the timewhen these animals were allowed \0 graze on the grazland area inside the Institute.In the laboratorv, experiments are in progress 10. determine. the effect· of varibus' drugs .. on the developmentof eags of Haemonchus contortus. Th~ live female worms of H. contortus were elCposed .. in virto, (in metabolicincubator Temperature-35°C for two hours) to various dilutions (1;100, 1 ;200, 1 ;400, 1 ;'800) ~f NII,verm alongw.ith Control, The eggs -obtaihed from above· tre~ted· and untreated females w,e.re.,cult!Jr~d ~nd the larvae: are ;beingcollected to determine. the: % of hatching in ~aclJ cultu~~, Similar experimentslwill be conduJ

26Epidemiology, ecology, immunology and controt of llVflhfluMt lnfect40nProject on Immunology of FasciQliasisEpidemiologyThe following work has done during the year under raport.1. Incidence of liver-fluke, Fascia'a gigantica in animalsThe incidence of the parasite in animals was studied in and around village Rithaura about 10 km fromIzatnagar Faecal examinations of cattle and buffaloes from the surrounding areas snowed that the Infection ofthe parasite ranged from 66 to 75 percent in buffaloes and 40 to 50 percent in cattle in day to day collections.Out of the 22 buffaloes and 19 cattle examined, 10 buffaloes 6 cattle were found infected with the parasite.the overall percentage being 45.4 and 31.5 respectively.2. Incidence of liver-fluke. F. gigant/ca in slaughter house animalsThe incidence of the parasite in buffaloes slaughtered at the local slaughter-house was ,,~corded. Out of667 animals examined, 416 were found infected with the parasite, the rate of infection varying between 38.9to 62.29 percent in day to day collections. The lowest was during the month of July and the high96t was inthe month of September, 1973. The collection of data from the slaughter-house was, hewever. discontinuedas it did give a true picture of the incidence Qf infection in animals.3, Incidence of liver-fluke, F. gigantlca in snailsThe rate of infection of the parasite in snail population was studied during the period under report. Itshowed that out of 849 snails of the species Lymnaea auricularIa, only 6 were found positive for the cercariaeF. gigantica. the percentage of infection being 0.7. The other species of snails examined during tbe ~eriod werefound negative for this infection. L.luteola (104): /odoplaflorbis eKustus (156); Planorbi$ sp. (4i).Further work is in progress.Project on immunology of (Fascioliasi~)This project was started only in May 1973 and the preliminary work involved the establishment of laboratorybred snail hosts. For this purpose 5 strains of Lymnaea auricularia (Two from Bageshwar and three fromBareillv) were reared and bred in the laboratory. Of the two-strains from Bageshwar, only one proved suc;ceptibleand this is now being routinelv maintained in the laboratory of ttae three strains collecteGl from the neighbourhoodof Bareillv only one proved sl:lsceptible. This again has been continuouslv bred and reared in thelaboratory.The laboratory bred snail colonies have been successfully infected with Fasciola gigantica. The technicaldetail_s for a successful rearing and breeding of th~ ~;nail host, ar~ being perfected and it Is pr~PQsed to publi.shthe details for the benefit of research workers all over the country.An experiment using irradiated metacercariae vvas set up to study the host-parasite re~ationship of FascifJ/agigantica in mice and rabbits. The r~sults are awaited.The IHA antibody titre in passively immunised rabbits has been studied in relation to the time 80urse ofimmunisation and the uptake of the antigen. Studies on qouble diffusion ·in agar-gel have also been made. The99results will be published in the c6ming year. Briefly, the titre which was 1/10 in the second week of passiveimmunisation rose to 1/15520 by the seventh week. The high antibody titre persisted for 3 more weeks followingthe last dose of antigen but then the titre came 1I0wn rapidly.

Studies on TheilerIa and TheHerlosisWith t~a large Icale Importation of foreign bfee~ of aattle aflQ tho o)Stenslve crl)ss~breeding programmeInitiated in the country. the problem gf theileriQiis has became important and, it is nece~sary tQ fQrml,ll~te II prophy.lactic vaccino.In furtherance of this objective It II neCtlSlary to Isolate and maintain virulent strain (6) of ThfJileria8nnul8t{l prevalent in the country. Once this is achieved, at\emli11s 'w~1 b~ mad~ to attenuate suitable strain (5)for vacoino production.Technical Programma, I I "Thi. project was taken In h",nd In May 1973. Our Initial attempts wero directed towftrda.1) Attondlng to tho outbreak. of the dioealle In differont parts of the country.2} Tho maintenancQ of Infeotlon-free calve. under auit8bl~ conditions.3) Isolation and maintenance of Thal/tula strains In sp/(meotom/sed calves and their maintenance.4) Rearing anQ maintenancQ of Infection freo Hyalomm. (H), ,. lInatollc(lm for xQnodiagno$l~ end dhlO!U~Otransmission.6) In vltr(i) cultivation of lymphocyt(J$" and tho cultivation of the schlzonts of ThfJll(Jf/lI ltnnulllfll from lymphnoda biopsy materials.An outbreak of thellQrloalu In JerlClY Cattle Importod from New Zoaland and 8flltloned at BIIs8Pur,Madhya Pradesh wafS ottend~d to. Whon our olf1cor villitftd tho farm five animals; wore sufforlng from thediaoaSQ and they wore all GueceQsfully troatod with wido 8r;1t'lctrum antibiotic.. LpmDh node biopsy matorial andhQparlniged blood from the affected animalll wero brought, In leo to Izatn098r and put Into EagleQ' minimal eSlentialmQdium wlt.h 30% of fOita.1 cHlf lIorum. Tho culturee, howovor, had to be abondoned dUG to extOn!liv8 fungalgrowth.A.,other outbreak of thoilerlOlllllln Hoistoin-Frlell,," C8tt~. Imported fram Now Zoaland end m~lntolned byIndian Dotonators Ltd .. Hyderabad wae attendod to. The affected enlm811 failed to res pond either to trmamyc1nor 8chromycin. Thello animal. weftt given" courllO of Rolitetracycline (Reverln) at l' 00 mg , Iv twice dailYfor 6 daYII alongwith 5UPDortiv,0 therODDY. All the five affected anlmale showed good rosponS9. The line oftreatment. howover, was quite CQIHly (bolng ovor Rs, 300/- Der animal).Tho Infective material from Hydorabad wal Inoculated Into two IIDlenectomlsad calves on return toIzatgagar. This waSl, however. unsuccessful end we failed to establish or isolate the strain of Theileria in ourlaboratorv. Even though the material was brought on ice which was periodically replenished, it would appearthat 0.4°C is not sufficient to maintain the viability of schizonts of Theileria or the lymphocytes of the affectedanimal over a period of 72-84 hours. A similar· negative result was got when Indian Detonators Ltd., arranged tosend us, by air, material from a cow whiab succumbed to theileriosis. .Contacts were established with the Military authorities because outbreaks of theileriosis were reportedfrom Military Dairy Farms. The DDRVS Central Command, DDRVS, western Command and the Commandantof the Central Veterinary' Laboratory at Meerut were contacted and requesated to extend us facilities. On theirsuggestion. a team of ~cientists visifed Agra and undertook xenodiagno!lis and lymph node biopsy on one cowwhich had suffered from Theileriosis. The blood smears and lymph node biopsy material were examined microscopicallybut ware found negative. The lymph nod3 biopsy material has been inoculated into two cross-bredcalves at Izatnagar and the results are awaited. The larvae of Hyalo11raa (H ) anatolicum anatolicum which Wl3rlt"lIowed to feed on the affocted cows at Agra are now being maintained fQr further work.,

We have requested the Chairman of the National Dairy Devel0p'ment Corporation and the Head,

29im;Jortant factor related to radiosensitivity. The irradiation of unfed larvae and unfed nymphs even at 500 and1,000 R resulted in poor feeding and inhibited further development. The fed nymphs were little radio resistantbut the emanating adults (males) were sexually non competitive. Among males 55% and 90% sterility wasinduced at 1,500 and 2,500 R exposures respectively. These males were comparable with unirradiated, normalmales in their behaviour. The females became less fecundate and complete inhibition of oviposition wasob~erved at 5,000 R. The fertility in females was less affected and ranged between 22-57% at irradiation doseswhere eggs were laid. The larval progenies of the irradiated males and females were sedentary and didneither feed nor developed further.The data on the bionomics and! cont,rol of the hYillommid ti

30A series of experiments were conducted in mice and pups to study the possibility of immunization againstS. incognitum. The studies showed the development of resistance of schistosoma infected hosts to challenginginfections.Summary of Divisional ReportDIVISION OF ANIMAL NUTRITIONInvestigations were carried out on five major projects of the Division. These projects are (1) FeedTechnology and processing-Use of Agr'o-industrial by products as cattel feed (2) Catt,le and buffalo nutrition(3) Sheep & goat nutrition (4) Pigs and laboratory Animal Nutrition (5) Rumen Digestion and metabolism.AN 1-Feed technology and processing-Use of agro-industrialby products as .attle feedUtilisation of sea-weed meal as cattle feedSome industries in our country have started manufacturing agar-agar and algin from sea weeds, Theseare used in confectfonery and pharmaceuticals. The waste left behind is fairly large and it was desired to findout whether this residue called the sea-weed meal can be utilized as a cattle feed.The chemical composition of the sea-weed meal showed that it had a high total ash content (31%) and10% protein. With such a high total ash content, it was obvious that it contained high amount of minerals likecalcium, silica etc. The calcium content was found to be 6% which is quite high. Actual feeding experimentsshowed that it could be used as a sOUrce of minerals especially calcium in place of the conventional mineralmixtures. But sea weeds are known to be rich in iodine and this particular sample wal found to contain 00.38%of iodine. Feeding of this, material @ 70 9 per animal per day for 225 days im~tead of 20 g of mineral mixture didnot cause any adverse effect in cow calves.Nutritional studies with neem seed cakeThere are about 1.29 lacs neem trees with seed potential of 4.5 lac tonnes capable of yielding about84000 tonnes of oil per annum. Neem oil is used in manufacture of soap. medicines, oleic acid, steraric acid& insecticides. Neem cake is available as a by product and it was desired to see if the neem cake can be usedas a cattle feed.Experiments showed that the animals do not eat it. When it is mixed with the concentrate mixture tothe extent of 50% on OCP basis the animals consumed only a part of it. At the level of 25%, the animals,however, ate the requisite quantity. Digestibility of crude protein, ether extract and total carbohydrates anddepfessed considerably when the concentrate mixture consisted of 60% neem cake on OCP basis. 'AN 2-Cattle and buffalo nutritionStudies on buffalO nutrition-protein requirement of buffalo calvesIt has already been reported that 9 male and 12 famale buffalo calves divided into 3 similar groups werekept on a low, medium or high protein ration. The experiment was continued dUring the year under[report. Thegrowth rate in the three groups did not differ significantly from group to gr0up indicating that it was possibleto tilise buffalo-calves at the low protein ration (60% of NRC standard), The nitrogen balances, on an average.

31were found to be lower in the low-protein group indicating a need to carry out a long range experiment on alarge herd, say 50 or 100 buffalo calves in each gr@up. The experiment is, however, continuing.Creatinine execreted in urine of these calves was estimated to see if the nitrogen level of the ration affectsthe same and whether urinary creatinine excretion can be used as a yardstick to measure the protein status of theanimal. It was found that variation in urinary creatinine (% as well as total) was large from animal to animaland also from day to day (P L 0.01) in the same animal. It was also not affected (P 7 0.05) by the levelof dietary protein. It is concluded that urinary creatinine cannot be used as an index either in nutrient balancestudies or evaluating ruminant nutrition in general.Blood urea was estimated by ~essler's method as well as Diacetyl mane-oxime method and it was shownthat Nessler's method is not very successful and gave high values. Blood urea in buffalo-calves Ywas found almostdouble than the cross-bred cow-calves under similar feeding conditions. Possible reasons for the same will begiven on completion of the experiments next year.Studies on the efficiency of metabolisable energy (ME) utilization from rations basedon different types of roughages and exotic lactating c~wsThree roughages-green berseem, green oats and wheat straw-were respectively fed to three similar groupsof 4 Holstein and 4 Holstein X Hariana cross bred milch cows. The concentrate mixture was fed in such away that all animals were on the same ME and DCP as per NRC (1966) standard. Efficiency of utilisation ofmetabotisable energy (ME). for milk production indicated that berseem is superior to other roughages.Distribution of trace el.~ent viz. Zinc. Iron, Copper. Manganese and Iodine in thefeeds and fodders of hilly areas'8 samples of fodders in Himachal Pradesh were analysed for Manganese. Values ranged from 19.6 ppmfor wheat bhoosa to 145.2 ppm for lucerne. Most of the fodders had values around 50 ppm.12 samples of 4 different fodders from IVRI farm were analysed for Zn, Fe and Cu. The dry matter & pH ofthe soil from where these samples were collected was also determined. The pH ranged from 6.15 to 7.90 Thevalues for Zn, Fe & Cu, in the fodder samples were mostly around 35 (range 18-65,300 (range 211-678),10 (range 6-22) ppm respectively. Berseem & the pea crop was richest in all the three trace elements. _33 blood, 30 soil & 60 fodder samples were collected from Ramnagar, Bazpur, Kashipur and adjoiningareas. 41 samples of blood were also collected from Kashipur and adjoining areas in the Tarai Region of U.P.and analysed for Hb, Zn, Mn & Cu.144 samples of blood were analysed for Hb from animals of the Tarai areas eonsisting of Kashipur,Haldwani, lakhimpur Kheri, Patia Kalan and Pilibhit.Effect of diferent roughage to concentrate ratia on the growth and carcass compositionof lambsIt has already been reported that roughage to concentrate ratios of 10:90, 20:80, 30:70 and 70;30 weretried on 4 groups of 3 lambs each. The growth rate in the fourth group, where 70% hay and 30% concentratewas fed, was significantly lower than the first and second groups. The carcass of the experimental animalswas evaluated for dr.essing percentage & muscle, bone and fa1 ratio and no specific trend wai found in the fourgroups.

32Growth and carcass studies on large white and "land-race pigs at different live weights12 large white and 15 landrace weaned pig-lets of 8 weeks of 'ag-e were divided into 4 similar groups onthe basis of sex and breed. Growth rate was studied upto 90 kg body weight. No difference in the growthrate was obse'rved between the two breeds. Growth rate was sighifiea'ntly higher in male pigs upto 50 kg liveweight. Between 00 and 70 kg a significantly higher growth rate was recorded in Landrace 'pigs, but Large whitegained'faster between 70 and 90 kg body wetght. 2 to' 4 pigs 'from each breed were slaughtered at 50, 70 and90 kg live weIght klr carcass studies. There was !ittle difference in the dressing percentages either between breedsor at different lille weig'hts.Growth performance of Largewhite Yorkshire pigs on ad libitum liquid molasses feedingwith prOtEi-in 5uppiemEmts ' I ~ •, j • j3 male aDd 3 female Largewhite Yorkshire piglets of about 3 months of age and about 20 kg. meanbody weight were fed on a liquid molasses diet with protein supplement according to NRC standard. Growthrate was studied upto 70 Kg Ihle weight and compared against a control group. The growth rate in the controlg,ro!JP was 4e1 g/day for males anti 401, g/day for fe'rnales' while in the molasses fed ,group, it was 336, gand 286 g/day respectively fgr male and female groups. The carcass composition, did, not reveal any large differences.It is considered feasible to raise pigs on liquid molasses diet, if economical.Uirrizati~~ of: ~ustardcake protein as 8 replacement of groundnut cake prC!»tein in thediets of growing finishing pigs15 mixed-sex weaned piglets of 56 days ageW'ere taken and divided into 31groLips, of 5 each on thebasis of sex and litter mate.The groundnut cake protein from the rations of pigs in group I was replaced at 50 and 100% levelsthrough mustard cake protein in groups II & III respectively. The growth rate/day in 152 days was found to be330, 303 & .297 g/day in the three groups.Studies on the typing, differential count of rumen mlcro'flora in cattle, buffaJo andsheep on var'ious dietectic condi'tionsReport about the typing, differential count of rLimen mfcroflora in cattle and buffalo has already bJensubmitted la!;t year. Effect of variolls leilels or urea feeding (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5% ) with varying ievels of molasses(0,7%) Were 'fed to 12 groups of buffalo-calves fed wheat straw as the sole roughage. One group was kept ascontrol on a concentrate mixture of 19% OCP and -wheat straw ad lib. 1 he bacterial population in non-molassesgroup was 31.6X109 per ml of SRL and in molasses group it was 32.9Xl0 9 per ml Qf SRL showing that therewas no marked difference between the two. In the control group, the protozoal population was 4.8XlO° per mlof SRL as compared to only 1.7X 10 5 per ml of SRL in molasses group (7%). The oscil/ospira sp was totallyabsent in all the groups.Besides, six strains of Streptococcus bovis and two strains of Streptococcus faecallis from therumen of sheep and buffalo calves were isolated. The viable population varied from 30X10 6 per ml of SRL to53X 10 7 per m . of SRL. The strains were characterised on the basis of biochemical tests e. g. catalase production,starch hydrolysis and acid production in different carbohydrate media etc.Studies on the production rates of microbial protein in rumen-measurement of proteinsynthesis rates by using radio-isotopesA method has been devoloped for an in vivo measurement of RToduction rate of bacteria in the rumenusing Sa, By this method, it was fQund that on an average feed, the production rate of bacteria was 100:5

33mg/min in buffalo calves and 72.34 mg/min in zebu calves., Likewise protozoa production rates were alse determined& were foun.d to be 25.4 to 30~5 mg/min in the two species.Production rates of bacteria in the rumen of buffalo calves were determined using CU and S36 isotopes.In this case th& ratibn was different and the method more refined from the earlier experiment where onlyS31i was used. The production rate of bacteria on an average was 211 mg/min.In an experiment on buffalo calves fed on two levels of protein, the protozoa production rates weremeasured and found as 73.9 and 92.1 mg/min in the Ipw & high planes of dietary prot~in by a modified methedusing CU and S35.Studies on the produ«;:tion,rates, of microbial proteins in the rumen. Measurement ofamino acid entry rates, urea deg,radation rates in cattle, and buffalo and acetate entryrates in body pool of calves fed on different levels of proteinSix female,cow calves ,of. Hariaoa breed aged 1! years were. divided into 2 grcgJps ,of 3 animals each.One group was ,fed at 2q% less and the other ,at. 25% more crude protein than NRC recommendation. Urea entryrate and urea degradation rates were determined and found to be 28.13±_O.60) and 14.43±O.76 mg/min inthe low protein group and 1.4.73±O.76 and 10.47±O.23 mg/min in the high protein group showing that theaegradation of urea is significantly better on ratili)ns low in crude protein.A similar experilllent in buffalo calves, where there low protein ration was 13% less and high protein.ration 20% more than the NRC recommendation gave similar results in respect of urea hydrolysis rates as In cowcalves. The dry matter consumption and digestibility of proximate principles in the ration were not significantlydifferent in the two groups, The ni,trogen balance ,and total VFA were higher (P LO.05) in the high protein group.,There was no significant differ~nqe between the two groups in the molar percentage and production rates ofvolatile fatty acids in the rumen.In an experiment on buffalo calves fed on two levels on crude protein, namely 25% below and 25% abovethe NRC recommendation, the concentration of free amino acids in plasma were 5.49 and 7.17 mg/100 ml in thetwo groups respectively. Amino acid entry rates were higher at 117.78 mg/ml in animal fed on high proteindiet as compared to 79.17 mg!ml on low protein diets indicating that availability of amino acids is better inanimal given high protein ration.Studies on protection'of,dietary proteins for microbial. degradation in the rumenRape seed cake was subjected to 5% formaldehyde treatment and after 15 days of preservation, it wasfound that the treatment decreased the protein solubility by about 85%. In vitro studies with rumen liquor'also confirmed that ammonia production was depressec:t by about 90% wIth the formaldehyde treated cakes.Studies on the acetate and propionate utilisation for milk, fat synthesis in, buffaloeS!& cowsIncorporation of 14C-acetate, 14C-propionate and 8H glucose in milk and blood of buffaloes and cattlehas been studied. The results show that 14C-acetate in milk lipids of buffalo is observed at 3.15 to 6 hoursafter infusion while in cows it is at 6-10 hrs, but there was no evidence to show that acetate incorporation inthe buffalo is higher than the cow. The incorporation of 14C-propion~te was, howE1V,er. found to be higher inbUffaloes milk lipids than cattle. The labelling of propionate in buffalo wa~ also earlier at, 3 to 6 hrs than cattle(6-12 hrs). The J abelling pattern of 8 H-gJucose in miik lipids of both cattle & buffaloes was found to beSimilar.

34The incorporation of HC-acetate, HC· propionate and 3 H ·glucose in milk case was similar in bothcattle and buffl!loes. The Incorporation Qf HC-acetate in milk lactalbumin was higher in cattle than in buffalo,while that of 14C·,propionate, was not dlfferent between the two species.DeterminatiCi)n of the nutritive value index of some common forages by invitro techniquesvis-a-vis in-vivo for cattle and buffaloesVoluntary intake of forages was significantly correlated with the digestibility and nutritive value index(NVI) could be predicted from relative intake. NVI of berseem, green oat, cow-pea, maize, hay and oat haywere found as 615.8, 61.3, 57.0,52.1 and 38.9 respectively. Crude protein. cellulose and apparent digestiblefibre c~ntent of forages were found to be significantly correlated with NVI, digestibility of energy and its intake.The dry matter and organic matter digestibility could be used to predict NVI.ForewordDIVISION OF POULTRY RESEARCHThe Poultry Research Di'vision has a single aim before it; that is to give the country and the farmers aDreed of poultry that can lay 220-250 eggs a year or that can grow to 1.5 Kg. body weight in 100 weeks ofase. The infrastructure needed to achieve this goal has been built during the last five years and the year 1973saw the results of the two. All India Coordinated Research Projects on Poultty for Meat and Poultry for Eggs. Inthe Meat Project, a tremendous achievement was recorded this year when some crosses yielding 1.6 Kg. at 10weeks of age with a feed efficiency of 2.6 were developed. These crosses are now being subjected to vigoroustesting programme and we hope to release some of the proven strain ta the public iA the very near future._ Our goal in the Egg Project however is yet to be reached. This is' because of the longer expe~imentalperiods involved in the production of progeny and their testing. It is anticipated that before the end of theFiftb Plan, this Division should be hopeful of developing a strain or strains of layers capable of producing200·250 eggs a year.The poultry nutrition section of this Division is actively engaged in supporting the research activity ofthe two All India Coordinated Research Projects in that nutritionists are engaged in meeting the nutritionaldemands of the improved germ plasm to enable them to express fully their genetic potentialities. This sectionhas als€) the objective of reducing poultry feeding costs by prElduct subsititution. Such activities include testingof feeding stuffs for suitability as substitutes for the costlier and more conventional ingredients. The studieson ml:lstard oil cake as an ingredient iA place of ground nut cake and processing of hatchery wastes as a proteinicmaterial for poultry feeding are examples of our endeavours at product substitution and poultry wasten~cycling.The section of poultry products technology is active in developing newer and more efficient technologicalprQcesses of preservation of poultry meat and eggs under non-refrigeration conditions, The other area thatreceived ~attention was product development such as chicken sausage preparation. utilizing aged meat fromculled birds to extend the much valued animal protein to humaA nutrition. A perceptJble beginning has beenmade during this year on another aspect of poultry waste recycling by initiating the work on preparation of ~by-(Ilroduct meal from poultry offal and poultry feathers for use in poultry rations.~The other goal of this Division has been the strengthening of post-graduate educaten in all branchesgf poultry science. Under auspices of the Centre of Excellance (UNDP) the Poultry Research Division has wellraid out Master's and Doctoral Programmes in different areas of poultry science. At the moment, the Division isttaiaing 23 Master's students and scholars are working towards their Doctorate degree.

35Research ActivitiesMain emphasis was given til) the projects on developing suitable strains tor egg and meat production.Test mating of the four promising broiler strains involving white Rock and White Cornish breeds was carried outand single crosses were evaluated for growth rate, livability, feed efficiency and dressing percentage. The meanbody weight of the combined sexes for different crosses ranged from 830 to 1241 gm and 1218 to 1581 gm ateight and ten weeks of age respectively. :rhe IC-3 x IR-2 cross was found to be heavier among all tha crosses.Heterosis was evident in six (tut of eight crossbred groups, while little heterosis was observed in strain crosses.The perceRt heterosis for various crossbred groups ranged from 1 to 12%. Overdominance was seen in onecross. The average weekly growth rate for the various genotypic groups· varied from 95(3 to 162.5 mm. Highestgrowth rate of 162.58 gm was recorded for IC-3 x IR-2 cross. The regression of cross-bred means on mid-parent.values fEilr ten weeks body weight was also highly significant suggesting that crossbred performance is predictablefrom the pure-bred performance.Mest of the crossbreds were superi(i)r to either of their parental purebreds in livability. The crossbredsaveraged 8a to 98% in livability while purebreds varied within 82 to 87%. Ten weeks dressed percentage variedfrom 60 to 67% in different genotypic varieties. The crossbreds did not show any marked superiority over thepurebreds with respect to dressed percentage. Feed efficiency ranging from 2.32 to 2.85 for the different genotypicgroups was recorded. Crossbreds were found superior to strain crosses and purebreds for growth rate andlivability. The general combining ability and reciprocal effects were significant for all the traits except livabilityand dressed percentage. The over all considerations lead to the conclustion that 1€:-3 x IR-2 cross can successfullybe utilized in the production of commercial broilers. The breeding method sugge.ted is the intrapopulationselection within the strains for broiler traits (IC-3 for male line and IR-2 fQt female liM) and subsequent crossingfor production of commercial broilers.In order to ascertain the magnitude of ge510type x environment interaction in broiler performance traits,two broiler strains were fed 2 levels of protein (19% and 23%) and two levels of energy (2800 and 3200) fora period of 10 weeks. The results of this study indicated significant strain differences for body weight at allages of measurement. The chicks af both the strains receiving 23% protein were heavier than those receivililg19% protein at 2 and 4 weeks of age. A subsequent age, however, the chicks receiving 19% protein dietsgained relatively more weight than those receiving 23% protein diets. This suggested that there would be noadditiona~ adVantage in feeding high protein diets ~fter 4 weeks of age and (IleFhaps the protein requirement ofthe strains under study is about 19% and not more. The adverse effect of I:ligher dietary protein levels on theb&>£Iy weight at 6,8 and 10 weeks of age was relatively of low magnitude in.IR-1 than in 1~-1 strains. Thedietary energy level had a highly significant influence over body weight. The strain x dietary protein level wasthe Glnly interaction which was significant for 6, 8 and 10 weeks body weight. Increasing the. dietary proteinlevel improved the percent dressed weight. Poor livability but better per cent dressed weight on high energydiets was also recorded. All the interaction effects involving strains, proteins and energy levels of ration werestatistically non-significant for percent mortality and percent dressed weight. It was therefore concluded that inthe presence of strain x dietary protein level interaction, the selection of strains reared on the same level ofdietary protein would be based and affect the response to selection.Several selection indices utilizing egg production, growth rate and egg weight Were developed for selec;:­tion of broiler dams. Results of this study revealed that egg production and growth rat~ are the most importanttraits that must be taken into consideration in the selection of broiler dams. The inclusion of egg weight·into the index did not have any definite advantage. Indices restricting genetic char,ge in egg weight hOWeVi[were found more suitable than unrestricted indices fo[ selection of brOiler dams.

36Progress in the egg project has been equally satisfactory. DUring the period under report 8 WL strainswere evaluated for their production, performance. The traits measured were egg production upto 280 days ofage, age at first egg, age a,t 50% production, body-weight at 20·wef:lk~ of'age, egg weight a!)d other egg, qualityparameters as envisaged in the approved Technjc,al Promamme.Hen housed egg production upto 280 days of age on the 8 strains ranged from 55.21 to 66.80. Age atfirst egg was 149-186.9 days in the different strains. Fertility and hatchability percentages weTe found to be ,satisfactory altf1qugh inter, strain differences were apparent in some cases. Ba!=ed upon these findings furthe~,select,ion of strain,s and a study of their p,eriormanc& over 280 days of age is in progress.Comparison between purebred White Leghorn pullets and their crosses with R.I.R. revealed that crossbredswere superior to purebred Whit,e Leghorns for egg production. age at sexual maturity, bodyweight at 20 and 32 weeks of age but not for egg weight. The difference between the two genetic groupswas highly significant statistically for all the traits studied. The genetic corrrelation between purebred and crossbredpaternal half-sis~ers were very high for egg production, for body weight and egg weight and negative forage at sexual maturity. It was therefore concluded that closed flock selection of purebred White Leghorn andR.I.R. would be appropriated to improve the performance in crosses.Poultry NutritionPoultry nutri.tion work in the' Divisior), essentially revolved, around nutri~ional problems per,tainir}g to the,birds of the two All India Coordinated Research Projects. The other area of aCliv.ity of this section has beenproduct substitution for ec_onomizing feep COl)ts' LThe studies on the protein needs of purebred broiler chicks was continueq from last year and valuableinformation on their requirements was obtained. It was noted that a two phase feeding schedule rangingfrom 22-24% dietilry protei!) followed by a 1lj% dietary protein at the finishing stage vvas advantageous.This has resulted in considerable economy in the quantum of protein consumed and at the same time yield.better weight gains. TheH~ appeared to be sp~

Poultry Products Technology37Research work in this area was aimed a~ product development and recycling poultry dressing plantwastes. Hatchery by-product meal prepared from offal, head, feet and feathers of birds dressed was processedsuitably and analysed for proxymate composition. The recovery of meal from raw material averaged 25% forthe offal meal and 17% for feather meal. The offal meal was very rich in protein (58-64%) and the feathermeal had 86% protein. Further biorogical trials are in progress.Tha process was worked out for the first time in the country, fQr preservation of dressed meat at roomtemperature by curing or smoking, or both. By curing and smoking meat, it has been possible to preserve themeat at room temperature without any quality deterioration for a week. This findings was of a great practicalsignificance and the workers associated with this development were award_ed t~~ H.U. Patel Memorialaward for this highly significant contribution in the field of technology.Important events during the yearPOULTRY RESEARCH DIVISIONAn ICAR evaluation committee met at the Poultry Research Division, IVRI during 1973 to assess the pro~gress made under the All India Coordinated Research Project on Poultry for Meat.Scientists from different centres working on the Meat Project participated in the Committee and thework being conducted at this centre on broilers was reported highly satisfactory. The goal of developing crossbredbroiler chicken of 1.5 Kg at 10 week of age with a feed efficiency of 2.5 to 2.8 was set before us and atremendous achieveQ1ent was recorded when some crosses yielding 1.6 Kg at 10 weeks with a feed efficiency of2.6 were developed. Such crosses are now under a rigorous testing programme and we hope to release somestrains for the public in the very near future.A note worthy achievement of this Division during this year has been that three scientists of the Paul':try Products Technology are the reGeipients of the U. K. Memorial Patel award for developing a process for preservationof poultry meat at room temperature.The post-graduate programme offered by this Division continued to attract a great members of scholarsfrom throughout the country. There was 12 new admissions for the first year Master's Programme and 11 studentsgraduated to their final year M. V. Sc. in Poultry Science. In all, there are 15 Doctoral fellows working towardstheir degrees in different areas of Poultry Science. There were 16 nominees of State Governments trainedfor the NDPH diploma during this year.The Associate Professor of Poultry Nutrition, Dr. V. R. Sadagopan, left in the last quarter of this year toU. K. on a 9 months UNDP fellowship for training in the latest nutritional and biochemical techniques in differentlaboratories in U_ K.Two more officers from our Division Sri S. S_ Verma, Asstt. Poultry Technologist and Shri A. P. Pande,Junior Poultry Pathologist visited the German Democratic Republic for a 3 month period to study the moderndevelopments in their respective areas in that country. Their study tour was supported by a joint protocolbetween the Government of India and the Government of G. D. R.Two eminent scientists visited our Division for varying periods during the year. Dr. A. W. Nordskog,Prof. of Poultry Breeding, rowa State College, Ames, Iowa and Dr. Hans Abplanalp, Professor of Poultry Breeding,University of California Davis, were here as UNDP experts and both took keen interest in the post-graduateteaching and research programmes operating in this DiviSion.

38A large number of eminent scientist~ and high dignitaries visited this Division during this period. I hemGHe prominent of these included Dr. Colby, Director. UNDP. Rome. Dr. G. S. Sidhu. Senior Biochemist, CSJRRyde. Australia and Dr. M. S. Swaminathan, Director-General, I. C. A. R. and Secretary to the Government ofIndia.National and International CollaborationsOur International Collaboration mainly included the Centre of Excellence for Advanced Studies in PoultryProduction, and a collaborative project of the UNDP and the ICAR. Under the aegies of this Centre a cemprehen.sive post-graduate programmes for Masters. Doctoral and Post-Doctoral studies was started and many nationalseminars and Symposium were conducted the proceedings of which have become very highly popular in all theedUcational Institutions in the country dealing with poultry production. The phase I of this collaboration pro·gramme was completed and the Phase II has already come into operation.The projected activities of Phase II. as in Phase I involve Doctoral and Post-Doctoral training under theUNDP Fellowship. exchange of scientific personnel and conduct of national seminars/short term courses in thearea of poultry production.Summary of Divisional ReportSummary of Report for the year 1973 attacheei (Annexure-1)List of pDpers published d lJrrng the yearList attached (Annexure-2)Conferences and Symposium held during the year') A National Symposium on Processing. Preservation, Marketing of Poultry and Poultry Products washeld during December 28. 1972 to January 3, 1973.2) A short term course on Poultry Nutrition, Feeding and Feed Processing was held at this Divisionduring May 14-18. 1973.3) The III Work Shop on All India Coordinated Research Project on Poultry for Egg and Poultry forMeat was held at IVRI, from July 12.14,1973.4) The 3rd All India Poultry SCience Symposium was t.Jeld at the IVRI, Izatnagar during December21-24, 1973.Blood group and polymorphism studiesANIMAL GENETICS DIVISIONHariana x Holstein, Hariana x Jersey; Hariana x Brown-Swiss and Sahiwal x Friesian cattle were testedfor Hb, Tt, Amy, Cp, Ap and Alb polymorphism. TfDl and TfD2 were low in Hariana. The frequency of CPAwas higher in native cattle.Milk samples of Sahiwal x Friesian tested for B-Iactoglobulins showed three variants.Murrah bt:Jffaloes samples tested for Hb. Tf and Alb also showed presence of two alleles each. Quantitationof different haemoglobin variants showed no significant differences in their proportion between diffe.rent individuals.Barberi and Betal goats tested for transfertins showed two variants but no polymorphism was observed.for haemoglobin, albumin and amyl~se.

39Studies to associate blood groups with economic traits showed that most of the blood group factors wereneutral. But presence of blood group factors F. G and W influenced lactation length, lactation yield and birth_weight respectively.Biochemical variants, Transferin TypesAn attempt was made to study various biochemical variants. transferrin, Haemoglobin. Albumin. Amylaseand Cerruloplasmin in Muzaffarnagri breed of Sheep and their crosses with Corriedale breed. In addition. bodyweight and linear body measurements of pedigreed lambs upto weaning (90 days) at weekly intervals wererecorded.AB AE BB BC BD BE DDTransferrin phenotypes Tf , Tf , Tf , Tf , Tf , Tf and Tf were observed. The familyABC Ddata showed that these patterns may be controlled by five alleles with no dominance, Tf , Tf , Tf , TfEand Tf in order of decreasing mobilities towards the anode.BAll three haemoglobin types AA, AB and BB were ebserved. Hb animals predominated in Muzaffarnagribreed of sheep.No polymorphism was observed with respect .to Albumin, Amylase and Cerruloplasmin.The effects of season of birth, age and weight of dam at almbing had significant effect on body weightsat all ages. whereas the effect of Transferrin types was significant at birth, 12th and 13th week of age. TheBDhighest body weight and growth rate were observed in Tf type.The effect of transferrin type was significant on all body measurements studied at 12th and 13th weekof age. The effect of season of birth on linear body measurements was significant in early ages only.Serum CholesterolExtensive work was undertaken to establish whether serum cholesterol is gel)ertically controlled incattle as.in the case of Mice. Experimental work with cattle showed that there exists a species differencewith respect to serum cholesterol. A sex difference was also noticed in serum cholesterol. There was alsoa breed difference. The cross breds exhibited a higher level than the indigenous stock. Among the crossbreds e.g. Hariana x Brown Swiss, Hariana x Holstein friesian, and Hariana x Jersey, the latter and had thehighest serum cholesterol value.Standardization of Karyotyping techniques for CattleInvestigations were undertaken to final a suitable tissue culmre media to grow bovine lymphocytes insuspension. The growth was arrested at its peak (72-76 hr.) and used for chromosomal studies.Three tissue culture media viz HB 597. (Connaughts labs Ontario, Canada), TCM, 199 (Burroughs Welfcome,England), Microlabs 199 (Micro labs, Bombay, India) were tried with antibiotics and autologous serum.Medium HB 597 gave the most satisfactory results.Two types of phytohaemogglutinin viz. PHAM (Dife'o labs, U.S.A.) and PHA (Burroughs Wellcome,:England) were tried. The second one gave comparatively better results as mitogenic agent of bovine lymphocytes.The weH spread metaphase "plates" are being studied from 12 animals.III

Eff~ct of mating system on gene and genotype frequencies of black gene in TriboliumcastaneumThe effect of difference in effective population size was examined on gene and genotype frequencies ofan autosomal gene (black clour mutant) in TribollUm castaneum. Difference in effective population size wasinduced by random mating with (a) equal number of sexes (b) Unequal number of sexes and (c) unequalnumber of sexes (Fixed 20 os & 80 os) and circular mating (Kimura, 1963). The total number of individualsper mating w~s kept constant at 100 though due to mortality from pupation till mating time, the number rangedfrom 91 to 100 in some generations. The experiment was conducted for 9 generations.Starting from 0.5, a decline in gene frequency was noticed upto 4 generations after which an equilibriumwas reached. Heter02ygot~s were fewer than expected in almost all generations. A corresponding increase inthe frequency of ++ homozygote was noticed. Frequency of bb genotype was lesser than expected upto4th gef)eratiqn and thereafter it was equal or greater than expected. The change in gene frequency due todifference in effective population size in various mating systems was not in agreement with the theoreticalexpectation, rather the order became irregular due to operation of natural selection against + b genotype.Study of freezability and fertilizing ability of Bull and Buffalo spermatozoaThe freezability of semen samples obtained from Murrah bulls was tried in three extend,ers and fin~1concentration of glycerol was maintained at 7% by volume. Semen samples from Holstein Friesian bulls werealso frozen in similar manner in EYC only. The average survival rate of motile spermatozoa after 18 hr.equilibration in slow and rapid freezing were 38.3 end 35.5 percent in buffaloes. As reported last year,semen was frozen in Tupol. Field trials with "Tupol" have been completed on 421 cases and 40.38%.Conception rate was recorded under the field condition. At present about 2000 doses of exotics, 800 dosesof Sahiwal and 1000 doses of buffalo semen have been preserved after their evaluation which will be usedfor further fertility trial at A.1. unit Izatnagar, Rethora field station and experimental Murrah herd of theInstitute.Studies on infertility /Sub-fertilitv in bovinesGynaecological investigatiol'ls on the incidence of true anoestrum in rural cattle and buffaloes wereconducted at IVRI field. A.1. Station and at the sterility camps (Animal Sexual health control camps) organisedat Nawabglinj, Baheri and Clutterbuckganj by U.P. State A.H. department were in progress. Analysis of dataon 780 'Reponed anoestrus' animals revealed that only 36% heifers, 56% buffaloe heifers, 43% cows and33% buffaloe cows were having true anoestrous condition as indicated bi' inactive ovaries. The other categoriesof the reported anoestrous were corpus luteum 8 t6 20% animals with normal animals in early pregnancy 2to 12%, animals with subactive ovaries 10 to 23% and animals with gonadal hypoplasia 3 to 5%.ISix buffalo heifers were sacrified after they were clinically investigated for anoestrum. for the studies onhistopathology of the different parts of reprodlilctive organ, and endocrin~ glands viz. hypophysis. thyroids andadrenals and on levels of blood cholesterol and copper content. Tl:1e genital organ in these mature heiferswere subnormal in development weighing 94 to 164 g1)11. (average, 121.7 gm.). The average weights ofPituitaries, thyroids and adrenals were respectively 1.35 gm., 9.39 gm. (right), 8.22 gm. (left) and 9.91 gm.(right) and 9.02, gm. (left). Presence qf thymus vyas detected in two heifers. In hypophysis, acidophillic cellsappeared to be large in number and in Qvaries atr.eti.c foJljcls were present. Serum cholesterol averaged 128 mg.per 100 gl of serum which appears to be rather high.Genetic and seasonal effect on sperm of bull and buffalo bullWith a view to c~rry out various possible stucUes o.n brl3ed ~ifferences. stock differ,ences, other genetic aswell as environmental effects on spermatozQaJ. attriQ~tl3s of bull and b~ffalo bulls, weeldy semen s,alTJPJes w,erecollected and permanent slides were preparfild using Nigrosin- Eosin Stain.

41Data were collected on percentages of dead spermatozoa in buffalo b!JJls (16%) and bulls (15%). Abnormalspermatozoa in bulls and buffalo bulls were 1200 am:! 950 million per c.C respectively. pH values for It-etwo species were: bulls 6·8; buffalo bulls,B-9. The volume per ejaculation ranged 5 to 8 m!. in bulls and 1.5 to5.00 mI. in buffalo bulls. Initial motility values were bull. 80%; buffalo bull, 70%.Camera lueida drawings _re as yet to be made for comparing mensuration data and for cQrrelation ufpsermatozoal head size with fertility, body size of the animal etc.FIDurescence Microscopic studies gave successful results in diffrrentiation of X, an,d Y·bearing spermatozoa,the latter being with a fluorescent spot. Percentages of X-bearing spermatozoa bUilwise have yet to beworked out.Introduct ionDIVISION OF PATHOLGGYKeeping in view the main goal of' health coverage" for the livestock production pians, the activities ofthis division were geared 10 renier q'Jick diagn:ilstic services, conduct problem oriented research on animal andpoultry diseases and generate educational environment. The efforts were simultaneously directe9 to crea[~expertise and rational control methods for disease problems in different specie5 'Of livestock.The approach for the diagnostic methodology were: to develop and procure the battery of effectiv9diagnostic reagents, emDloyinq quick and reliable diagnostic techniques. like fluorescent antibody techniqllEs(FAT), and precise interpretations of various laboratory tests for ascertaining the etiopathology of the probl{cmdiseases as far as porsible. As a consequence of the concerted efforts it was thus possible to diagnose theimportant disease like Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF) in cattle and infectious synovitis in poultry for thefirst time in the country. ..The out growth of the diagnostic competency developed during the past few years also lead to identifythe disease problems which had either posed a threat to the livestock industry or are likelv to be of graveconcern for the national livestock production programmes. The research projects on some of these diseaseswere undertaken/continued as priority programmes wilh siQnjfican~ achievemepts. For instl;lI')Ce t~e hea~,w~'{made in Marek's disease researc'h during past three years lead to the prepara!ion of experi"1ental batch ofvaccine, against this disease. In addition, some important epidemiological and etiopathological aspects of thisdisease were also brought to light.Considering the importance of reproductive diseases and disorders as an emerging problem, the researchproject on this problem was also initiated in cattle, sheep and goats and poultry involving post-graduatestudents also. The role of Mycoplasma agalactiae in female genital disorders of goats, as evident in ourpreliminary studies may seem to be an eminent aspect for further work.In general, the work in different laboratories of this division kept a significant Dace·'n Identifying thedisease problems alongwith formulation of control measures and necessary advice to field diagnosticians. Itis expected. that during coming years the basis of operation at differ~nt levels might be still more broadend inrelation to emerging problems. To thiS end it may be necessary to generate better working fdcjlities.Based on priorities of disease problems it was considered eSS!3Q~[al t.9 put Goocentrated attarts in twomajor fields viz. 1) Rtlproductive disease and disorders of livestock and 2) Etiopathology of mortalities inneonates. The research projects considered for the year 1974 are an attempt in this direction.

42LIST OF RESEABCH PROJECTS FOR 1973No. ofProjectPT-t1-031-041Title of the projectDisease of large animals (cattle, buffalo and wild animals).Disorders of female reproductive system in cattle andbuffaloes with particular reference to infections.Ameleorative measures o@ilinst fluorosis in animaJs.Name of principalinvestigator/collaboratorN.S. PariharM.L. MehrotraS.C. DassA.R. Bhattacharyya5 N. LuktukeKali CharanS.K. SinghAK. SinhaB.S. KaushalBrahm DuttPT-2 Diseases of smat/animals (Sheep, goats. pigs and dogs),2-052 Studies on piglet mortality.2-0$ Studies on the- disease problems of Ttbetian goats.2-061 Studies all lamb and kid mortality.PT-3 Diseases of Avians (Poultry, Turkeys, Ducks & wild bite/s).3-01 Pathology of Respiratory Diseases.3-62 Studies on Marek's Disease.3-05 Studies 00 Avian EncephalomyelttLs..C.F. MataneyS.C. GuptaP.K.R. IyerD.P. PaliwalB.S. RajyaS. Kumar, H.D./B.&V.D.P. Paliwallal KrishanS.B. KulshestraB.S. RajyaR.L. SahG.C. MohantyB.B. MullickG.C. MohantyB.S. RajyaR.N. SharmaR.L. SahG.C. MohantyB.S. Rajyapr-5OncologyS,udies on transmissible tumors.B.S. RajyaG.C. MohantyS.C. Mahapatra

43Due to the adverse effects of repeat breeding in A.1. work and farm economics. efforts have been made tostudy the etiopathology of this condition.The animals repeating 5 times were initially investigated by examination of vaginal swabs for PPLOisolation and uterine biopsy for histopathological changes. There 'were no significant findings. 28 cows whichdid not conceive were eliminated.At post mortem examination again. Mycoplasma could not be isolated from oviducts, uterus and cervicovaginalmucus. Gross and histopathological studies 'here conducted.Ameliorative measures against fluorosis in AnimalsTill May/June, 1973, all the 21 experimental animals were fed 1.2 g of sodium fluoride daily per headmixed with the concentrate (1.5 kg) of their basal ration, which also included available green fodder. Exceptthe three control group growing, male calves. all the remaining 18 animals were also being fed variable amountsof either of the three selected amelioratives, viz calcium chloride. magnesium chloride and aluminium Chloride.All the animals in the control group developed anorexia and apparent exostosis of their meta-carpallmetatersal bones after about 350-400 days of experimental feeding. Similarly exostosis. but comparatively lessprominent in extent, was apparent in Selme animals of the groups fed calcium chloride or magnesium chloride.However, none of the six animals fed aluminium chloride evinced much exostosis apparently.One animal from each of the seven groups was s~crificed and tissl:les (viz, liver, parathyroids, iostochondraljunction, long bones) were collected for comparative histopathological studies, which are in progress. Sofar aluminIum ehloride has given good results.ResultsDuring the period from 1 st January 1973 to 15th December. 1973, mortality in piglets and pigs maintainedat I.V,R.1. Izatnagar was studied. It was seen that the highest mortality occurred amongst p i91et under oneweek of age followed by the age group of 1 week to 4 ·weeks. Out of 266 pigs lost, 132 piglets died at theage upto 4 weeks and accounted for approximately 50% of the total mortality,Chief causes of mortality amongst piglets under one week of age were gastroententis/enteritis/colibaci-1I0sis, overlaying (mashing by the sow and weakness Gastroenteritisjenteritis/Colibacillosis and weakressmostly accounted for the mortality &)f piglets in the age group of 1 week of 8 weeks. Pneumonia and pneumoenteritiscontributed to most of the deaths amongst pigs in 2 to 6 months age group.A case of mucormycosiswas recorded for the first time in the country from a postmortem examination of a piglet 18 weeks old.Title: Studies on disease preblems of Tibetian GoatsDuring the period under report, the investigation on the disease pattern of these animals revealed thefollowing conditions contributing to the mortality viz, 1) Intestinal occidiosis, 2) Verminous pneumona,3) Bronchitis and peribronohitis 4) Suppurative pneumonia.Title: Studies on lamb and kid mortalityDuring the year 1973 a total No. of 552 (Iambs 403 and kids 149) were investigated. They were 0-16.. ~ weeks old and were received from Animal Genetics, Animal Nutrition and Physiology and Pharmacology Divisions.The mortality pattern in these lambs and kids was determined. The kids which died of septicaemia, their mottlerwere suffering from Staphylococcal mastitis. ~tapylococcus aureus has been isolated from the abomasal contentof the kids and milk samples of their mother. Mortality pattern in various age groups was also studied.Pathology of Respiratory DiseasesThe objectives of this study was to ascertain on histopathological basis, if IB vaccination produced anypathological effect in the respiratory and uri no-genital system of the vaccinated chicks.

44During the year under report, 36 formalin preserved specimens comp"sln!=) pieces of trach 1'), lung, airsacs, kidneys, ovary and oviducts were reGelved from P.C .. R.D.P. The chir.ks had been vaccinated againstU3. at day-'old and sacrificed at 4 weeks. No clinicctl signs and gross leslom were obselved at any stage ofexperiment.Histopathological exami,nation of the tissues of the vaccinated and controls did not reveal any 'Emarkab'e"change or tissue alterations.Studies on Marek's diseaseDuring the year, studies on three aspects of MD were taken up and comp'eted.1·Haematological values of Marek's disease infected' chicksEffect of MD berpervirus (MDHV) on haematological values was studied in experimentally ilifected'white leghorn chicks. Total erythrocytic count, total leucocy;ic CQunt, hemoglobin concentration, packed cellvolume, aifferential leucocytic count and bone marrow picture were determrned at weekly interval from 1 stthrough 10th week post inoculation (PI). There was significant d,fft:lrence in these values between infectedgroup and control chicks of the same hatch. Decrease in erythrocytic count. hemoglobin concentration andpacked cell volume was observed in chicks infected with acute ,;Jnd classical type MDHV from 2 and 3 weeksPI respectively. In acute tYpe infection, lowest peak of these values was obtained during the 3rd and 9thweek PI; whereas the decrease of these values was 0radual in classical MDHV infected chicks upto 7 week PI.with a slight trend of recovery during the last 3 weeks. Aplasia of erythrocytic series cells in bone marrowcoincided with peripheral erythrocytic values. Marked aplasia of bone marrow was seen in weeks havinglowest peak of total mythrocytic count. During these weeks pronounced proliferation of myeloid series cellswere observed in bone marrow of infected group chicks.Leucocytosis was evident in both the infected groups from 3rd week onward with marked fluctuationsthroughout the observation period. Increase in the percentage of lymphocytes and monocytes with decreaseir:l percentage of heterophils and 'eosinophils was accompanied with leucocytosis. This study .indlcates theeffect of MDHV on hematological values of chicks causing anaemia, which might be important for broilerindustry.2·Lesions of MD in some modified cutaneous appendages chickenStudies were undertaken to determine the presence of MD lesions and MD antigen in comb, wattles andshanks of spontaneous MD cases. Gross changes were observed only in a few birds characterised by markedkeratinisation in the skin of the shank. No other naked eye lesions were visible on any of the modified cutaneousappendages included under this study. Histopathologic lesions of MD were seen in 45 out of 10B(41.6%) positive Cases. Lesions were encountered in 34, 15 and 12 out of 45 cases in comb, wattles andshank respectively. Pattern of microscopic lesions in comb, wattles and shank was almost similar. Thesewere characterized by infiltration of pleomorphic lymphoid cells around the blood vessels and near the epidermis.Number of infiltrating cells varied from a few cells mostly near lhe blood vessels to heavy number formingthe lymphoid aggregates. In wattles, in addition to these sites, infiltration of cells was also seen near andaround the feather foilicles when present. Vacuolar degeneration of the epithelial cells were seen at rT)any areasbut W8r9 much pr,onounced near the places of cellular infiltration. No inclusions were detected in thesetissues.Immunt'il fluorescent (IF) antigelil was detected in comb from majority of cases and the frequency ofdetection of antigen was similar to the presence of MD lesions in these three tissues. Viral antigen wasconfined to the epithelium but occasionally a few fluorescing cells were also detected in the lamina propria ~adjacent to the epithelium.

45This study indicates that the presence of MD lesions in these cutaneous appendages associated with MDvirus might playa significant role in the epidemiology and diagnosis of this disease.3-Cell Culture studies-Direct kidney cell culture for Marek's disease diagnosis: cyttlpathologicand immunofluorescent studiesKidney cell cultures were done from birds infected with Marek's disease (MD) to assess its utiability forthe MD diagnosis. Kidneys Illf donor birds varying from 5 to 17 weeks of age were cultured and it was foundthat ,the age of the donor had no effect on the cytopathology and subsequent virus isolation. Cytopathic effectwas seen in kidney cell monlayers by the 6th day of their invitro culture and there was no difference incultures made from infected brids with or without clinical signs and with or without gross lesions. Initiallythe cytopathic changes were confined to individual cells but clear cut plaque of altered cells was evident twodays after the initial G:hange. Cytopathic changes comprised of enlarged as well as shrunken rounded cell andmultinucleated cells with intranuclear acidaphilic inclusions. These altered cells were positive for the presenceof diffuse andjgr granular anti~en in the nucleus in the initial stages of infection but subsequently throughoutthe entire cells when they had uhdergone corpholigic alterations. Use of QJirect cuiture of kidney ceiis frominfected chickens and the demonstration of virus specific antigen in these cells by immunofluorQscent techniquewill aid in the diagnosis of this infection and/or disease.Studies on Avian EncephalomyelitisDuring the period under report, attempts were continued to adopt the AE virus in the chicken embryos.The main objectives of the project are to screen at the immunity status of the breedmg flocks by embryosusceptibility test and to produce an antigen suitable for the diagnosis of the disease by agar-gel precipitationtest.During the period 14 embryo passages were made and carried over to 30 passages. In the last 4pasSages, 55 to 60% 'takes' were"observed. Further serial passages are under progress.Studies on morta.lities in small laboratory animalsDuring the period from 1 st January 1973 to 15th DQcember 1973 postmortem examination of 26; 5small laboratory animals of various species that died within the Institute was conducted. The necropsiesconducted species-wise durin.9 the period under report as follows: Mice-1952; Rats-237; Rabbits-135 andGuinea pigs-291.(A) MORTALITY PATTERN AMONGST LABORATORY MICEMortality pattern amongst laboratory mice was studied during the period and the various pathologicalconditions were encountered on post mortem examination.Leaving aside heat stroke which was incidental due to interruption of the electric current, the mostimportant conditions were salmonellosis and pneumonia. Besides, a few unusual and interesting conditions,some of which were recorded for the first time in this country, were observed.(1) SALMONELLOSISLesions of salmonellosis were observed in 305 cases or 31,3 per cent of the mice autopsied if" theautorysed cases are exclUded. Gross and histopathological studies were conducted. The cultures were gottyped from the Enterobacteriacae laboratory of the IVRI and the Central Research Institute, Kasauli and theserotypes identified were Salmonella typhimurium and S. typhimurium (Var. compenhagen) in 10 and 5 casesrespectively.

(2) PNEUMONIA46Pneumonia was encountered in 270 cases or 27.3 per cent of mice autopsied if the autolysed cases areexcluded. Morbid material on histological examination revealed in some cases brCilnchopneumonia withperibronchial and perivascular cuffing by lymphocytes and plasma cells. In others multiple areas of suppurativebronchopneumonia with necrosis of lung parenchyma was observed. Bacteriological examination revealedthe presence of mycoplasma, Staphlococcus aureus, Corynebacterium pyogenes and Pasteurella sp.(3) LEUKAEMIA (THYMIC LYMPHOSARCOMA)leubemia was observed in 7 breeder mice. The prominent feature was a large thymic tumour fillin.g outmost of the chest cavity without any pathologic changes in the blood. Microscopically, there was completereplacement of normal architecture of the thymus-and replacement by a sheet of cells of which the Iymphoblastspredominated. The contained ce4ls showed evidence of hyperchromatism of the nuclei and mitosis. Infiltrationof leukaemia cells was evident in 'Iver and kidneys in two cases. Last year such condition was observed in 5cases with infiltration of leukaemic cells in lung and spleen.(4) SPONTANEOUS MAMMARY CARCINOMATwo cases of spontaneous mammary adenocarcinomas were encountered during the Jl)eriod. Thetumours varied in size from a marble to an areca-nut. Superficial skin showed ulceration leading to areas ofnecrosis in the tumour mass. Microscopically, the tumours had a typical morphology of adenocarcinoma of themammary glands having their origin from the lining cells of the acini or ducts. Previously 14 cases with suchtumours have been recorded.(5) PULMONARY ADENOMATOSISPl'llmonary adenomatosis was recorded in a mouse.' It resembled lesions of Jaagziekte of sheep showingenlargement and cEmsolidation of lungs with fight grey patches distributed on pleural lind cut surfaces ofthe lungs. Characteristic microscopic picture consisted of adenomatous proliferation on the lining cells of thealveoli and the presence of large quantities of mucin. This is the first report of its occurrence in this country.(6) SQUAMOUS METAPLASIA WITH FOREIGN BODIESThe lungs of a mouse showed squamous metaplasia of bronchial and alveolar cells with small areas ofkeratinization and hypersecretion of mucus with presence of foreign bodies probably originating from plantswhich gave intense pinkish colouration with PAS. The metaplasia may have been induced by the foreignbodies.(7) GRANULOMATOUS LESIONS INVOLVING LUNGS, SPLEEN & HEARTThe lungs and spleen in one mouse revealed multiple focal granulomatous lesions characterized bycaseonecrotic cent~e surrounded by lymphocytes and large mononuclear cells which merged with the surroundinggranulation tissue.Fusion of the pericardium with pleural surface was observed in another mouse. The epicardial surfacesof the heart, myocardium and the lung parenchyma revealea mUltiple granulomatous lesions_Gram-stained sections revealed the presence of Gram-positive cocci in clusters and on cultural examination,Staphylococcus aureus was isolated.(8) AMYLOIDOSISAmyloidosis was encountered in the liver and splep,n of two mice. Deposits of amyloid were seen thehepatic arteriole and sinusoids in the intermediate zone of the lobules causing atrophy of neighbourinq hepaticcells. In spleen, focal deposits of amyloid were observed in the walls of the sinusoids and reticular cells ofthe red pulp. The amyloidosis may be secondary as the mice had'also the-lesions of salmonellosis.R

(8) MORTALITY f'ATTERN AMONGST RATS(1) SALMONELLOSIS41Salmonellosis was the most impQrtant dise~6e encountered in rats end accounted for apPfoximately 50per cent of the total mortality if autolysed cases are, excluded. The gross and histopathological picture wassimilar to one observed in mice. Heart blood, spl.een and liver of some of representative cases yielded Sal mo·nella organisms. The serotyp~s identified were sa/mpncl/a typhimurium, S. typhimurium (var. Copenhagen andS. cnteritidis.(2) PNEUMONIAPneumonia was another important condition and accounted for 41.6 per cent of the total mortality ifawtolysed cases are excluded. Gross and histopathological picture was similar to one ebserved in mice.Bacteriological examination revealed the presence of Mycoplasma, CorynebacteriiJm pyogenes andPasteurelllJ Gp.(3) SQUAMOUS METAPLASIALungs of a rat showed diffuse met::lplastic changes of the lining cells of the branchi and alveeli intosquamous stratified type with keratinization.(4) RETICULUM CELL SARCOMATumourous growths involving brachial and axillary lymph nodes, measenter.y. lungs' and kidney wereobserved in a rat end the tumour was identified on histological eXlImination as reticulum cell sarcoma.(5) LUNG GRANULOMAA Few miliary granulomas made up of endotheloid cells with giant cells were observed in the lungs gf iii rat.The bronchi showed large quantities of mucus. PAS-statined sections showed the presence of PAS posit·ivastructures suggestive of mycotic infection.CoccidiosisCoccidiosis in rabbits took the heaviest toll and acr.ounted for approximately 88.3 per cent of the totalmortality. Most of the cases were of intestinal coccidiosis though a few cases of hepatic coco.idiosis were alsoencountered. The entire mortality due to coccidiosIs occurred during the first seven 1TJ0nths of the year.G,OSS lesions in case of intestinal coccidiosis consisted of corrugation and thickening of the jununum andileum. confluent nodules of pin-head size at the ileocaecal valve and catarrhal' inflammatory ie'sions in thesmall intestines .. Pin-point haemorrhages were sometimes seen in the I intestinal mucosa. Microscopically, thepicture was that of necrotic ha.emorrhaglc enteritis with the presence of the developmental forms of the parasite.Microscopic examination of the wet smears of the intestinal contents revealed the prese)1ce of coccidillloocysts.In hepatic coccidiosis, the main lesion observed was the enlargement of liver studded with multiplegreyish white nodules. Histopathological examinaJion shoWed chronic proliferative cholangitis with the presenceof developmental fgrms of the parasite and degenerative changes in the hepatic cells. Microscopic examinationof wet smears of the liver and bile revealed the presence of coccidial oacysis.Necessary advice for treatment and control was given to the Biological Products DiviSion where themortality had occurred.(1) SEPTICAEMIA (PSEUDOMONAS SEPTICAEMIA/PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS/SALMONELLOSIS)The most important condition encountered was septicaemi"a and accounted for approximately 65.3 per centof the total mort llity if the autolysed cases are excluded. The condition had actually threatened to wipen outthe entire g-pig colony. A large number of G. pigs died after showing non.·specific si"gns eg., roughening of

48fur and weakness and/or rapid breathing. Postmortem examination showed congestion of various Elrgans. e.g.,lungs. liver. spleen, kidneys. uterus. intestines. mesenteric lymph nodes and brain with the enlargement of liverand spleen and accompanied in many cases by the presence of necrotic foci in these organs. Detailedhistopathological and bacteriological examination of mereid tissues was undertakeR in anumber of cases and revealed multiple acute infections e.g., Pseudomonas Septicaemia. Pseudo-tuberculosis andSalmonellesis as the aause of mortality. Bacteriological examination of heart blood. spleen and liver yielded98 positive cultures. Of these. Pseudomonas caViae and Pasteurella pseudotuberculosis were isolated from 18and 14 cases respectively; in 6 cases, examination revealed the presence of organisms morphal«lgically,culturally and biochemically indistinguishable from Salmonella sp. These will. however. be got serotyped fromEnterobacteriacae Laboaratory. Necessary advice was given to the B. P. Division to control further mortality.(2) PNEUI\10NIAPneumonia was encountered in 7 cases. Lungs were consolidated with areas of purulent bronchopneumoniaand on bacteriological examination Bordetella bronchosePtica was isolated from 3 cases.(3) NOCARDIOSISOne case of Nocar~osis was observed in which lungs showed multiple areas of suppurative or casesnecroticfoci eAcapsulated by fibrous tissue replaCing large areOls of the lung parenchyma. Sections stainedby PAS technique showed the presence of PAS-positive filamentous organisms indistinguishable fremNooardia sp. No other' organisms could be detected by various staining and cultural techniques.(4) UROLITHIA31SAbout 75 kidneys were examined histopatholo~ically aod 13 of them showed the presetlce of microscopiccalculi tn the medullary tubules. Of these, 12 were Von Kassa-negative and one was Von Kossa·posit~ve.(5) HELMINTHIC INFECTION OF LIVERInternal metazoan parasitism is rather uncommon in the g. pig but 3 unusual cases of infestation of liverwith a nematode were encountered Qn histopathological examination. Grossly, the affected livers had a granularsurface with areas of nodular hyperplasia. Microscopically there was diffuse proliferation of newly formed bileducts containing cross sections of calcified nematodes. The parasite in the tissue could not be definitely identified.(6) NEOPLASTIC CONDITIONS OF THE HEARTHeart of a g. pig showed a' pea-shaped white nodule in the interauricular septum of the right side.Microscopically, the growth consisted of proliferated myofibrils and connective tissue cells meet of which wereimmature with multiple areas of osseous tissue containing marrow. The identity of the tumour has not yet beenestablished.Name of the Ph. D. Scholar: Nem SinghGuide: Dr. B.$. Raj~Abstract of the thesisPOST-GRADUATE RESEARCHThe studies on the disorders of female genita', system of goats were undertaken to elUCidate the incidence,pathology of naturally occurring conditions and the possible aetiologieal correlation in some of these cases.In order to find out the etiopathology of granular vulvovaginitis. the isolation of mycoplasma from the

49spamullI,eous cases was attemp~d. The expei'imental studies wer,,)' designed to Hod out tbe role of mycoplasmain the causation and pathogel!lesis of the disease in goats. The histochemical of enzyme (alkaline phosphatase) andmetabolites such as glycogen, lipid and mucin.A total of 3791 genitalia utilized in the present study were obtained from (i) Biological Preducts Divisionof this Institute and (ii) City abattoir, Bareilly. The animals were of non descript breed and ranged from1-6 yeaFs of age. The observations were made in respect to the types Qf gross lesiMs and their organ-wise distribution.After B detailed gross examination, the formalin fixed tissues were utilized for histopathol~Qical studies.Counterparts of the tissues whenever indicated were used for histochemical studies. For mycoplasRlal isolalation,the PPLO broth enriched with 10-15% inactivated sterile goat serum was used.For experimental studies on GVV, 30 mycoplasma-free healthy female kids (3-5 months of age) wereuti1i2:ed. The swabs soaked in Mycoplasma agalactiae culture were applied on scarified vulvar mucosa. The controlkids (9) were handled similary, using the swabs soaked in sterile breth. Observations on these kids were l1IIadein respect to the clinical, gross, histopathologica!, histochemical'mycop!asma! isolation aml presence of antibodyin sera samples.The varied morphological patterns of lesions in 835 genitalia (22.25%) out of 3971 examined were:GVV (14.39%), ulcerative/necrotic vulvovaginitis (0.94%), cystic Gartner's ducts (0.58%), endometritis (1.34%),hydrometra (0.06%), macerated/mumified foetuses (0.47%), metrorrhagia (0.37%), folliculoids (0.08%).ovarian and paraovarian cysts (2.16%) and developmental anomalies (0.31 %). The overlapping Glf the lesionswere not uncommon in the same specimen. The pathoanatomieal features of these

51. No. Name of pathological conditions No. of quarters Pi rcentag9'efilcounteredI. CHRONIC MASTITISII.50.(a) StreptococcaJ 11(b) Corynebacterial 7(c) Staphylococcal (non-granulomatous) 2(d) Nocardiosis 2(e) Botryomycosis 1(f) Non-specific 2I:::>UCTAL .OBSTRUCTIONIll. APOCRINE METAPLASIA(a) Associated with" epitheliosis 5(b) Associated with corpora amylacea' 4(c) Only apocrina metaplastic changes 20IV. FIBRO CYSTIC DISEASE 7V. MAMMARY 'INTRADUCTAL' CARCINOMAS 2Nine specimens revealed lesions associated with squamous mete plastic changes of the lining cells of themajor ducts together with keratinisati0n and infiltration of retepegs of stratified squamous epithelium in periductaltissue. All these glands also revealed lesions of chronic st~eptococcaJ (i)r corynebacterial mastitis.Eleven quarters manifested changes of chronic streptocElccal mastitis. characterised by focal or diffuseareas of replacement of mammary parenchyma by connective tissue elements, heavily infiltrated by plasma cellsand. lymphocytes. Four of them showed lesions associated with squamous metaplastic changes of the liningcells of ducts.Seven quarters showed the changes of chronic corynebacterial mastitis. The lesions consisted of smallor large areas of replacement of parenchyma with connective tissue surrounding abscesses. Large ducts alsoshowed complete desquamation of linillg cells with detritos and polymorphs in the lumen. Four specimensshowed squtlmous detaplastic changes of epithelial lining cells of large ducts with keratinisation.Two quarters showed lesions of chronic non-granulQmatous staphylococca I mastitis. The lesions werefOQal or diffuse in nature with considerable increase in co nnective tissue around the abscesses causing atrophyof ducts and ductules with an increase in periductal conhective tissue~ infHtrated by plasma cells andlymphocytes.Two cases of 'mammary nocardiosis' were recorded and this c(i)nstitutes the first report (i)f its kind fromthis country. Histologic les;on were Characteristic of granulomatous infiltration. No giant cells were seen.The organisms were Gram and PAS positive, partially acid-fast but not alcohol fast.One case of 'mammary betryomycc>sis' was recorded and this constitutes, perhaps the first record of itskind in the globe. The lesiQns were in the nature of chronic granulomatous reaction of botryog)yeosis withinvolvement of supra mammary lymph node. Two cases of chronic non· specific mastitis were enlZountered.The lesions were of focal or diffuse areas of replacement gf mammary parenchyma with connestive tissue elementsinfiltrated by plasma cells and lymphocytes. The probable aetiology could not be determined.63

51One specimen showed I~siol"l~ of ductal obstruction, .haracterised by the presence of pap.illary fibromatousprocesses ,sepaiated by epithelial lined clefts and at places two zones, one of granulation tissue and theQther a necrotic mass were ob4ilerved within the duct.Twenty nine qUinters showed apocrine· metaplastic changes of lining cells of ducts ana ductule-s.these five were aSSOCiated with cystic hyperplasia-cum-epitheliosis and four with corpora amylacia.Ten specimens revealed lesions of fibro-cystic disease, characterised by cystic dilatation of

Field Investigations52(1) An outbreak in sheep at Chittorgarh was attended at the reGJuest of Director. Sheep & Wool.Rajasthan. The disease was diagnosed as Theileriosistly observed in late stage of pregnaflcy (3 to 4t months)fram fresh cases organism indistinguishable to Listeria was isolated from vaginal swabs. C.A. fluid.cotyledons, abomasal content Qf the foetus and visceral organs like liver, kidney and !lpleen.Besides Listeria. other agent Psittalososis lymphogral'lUloma venerum was also isolated from the thoracic,abdominal fluid. abomasal content, liver. spleen, kidney and lung. These abortions thus appear to be ,ue tomixed infections of listeria and PLY.C- There were 50 lambs (1 week to 80 days) having ·Keratoconjunctivitis'. Although diagnosis conveyedStaphylococcus aU/ens (coagulase +) was isolated exact etiology still remains to be worked out.Corneal opacity. ulcers and partial blindness were the main lesions. The animals were treated withchloramphenical and responded with treatment.D- In weaner lambs (7 to 9 months) in 7 cases there was rise of temperature. haemoglobimurea andpassing blood stained faeces. The disease was diagnosed as enterotoxaemic-jaundicedue to clostridump;'fringen~s Type A.Clinieopathological examination1. Faecal material were received for diagnosis of Johne's disease from various divisions of the Institute.In sheep 40 faecal samples were reveived and 33 wero fGund to be positive for johne's disease.In goats 162 faecal samples were received and 86 were found to be positive for johne's disease.In the 1 st quarter 7 faecal samples were received and declared as +ve. later on. these animals weresacrificed and were p

(3) ABORTlON-5 IN SOWS53Four Gas~ of abortions amongst sows of \he Project Coordinator (Pigs), IVRI were investigated. Tl:leabortions oGCurred during the first month of pregnancy. Bacteriological examination of placenta and heartblood, lungs aAd stomach contents of the aborted foeti revealed tAe presence of StaphyllJcoccuS aureus andCorynebacterium pYfJgenes. No bruoelJa organisms could be isolated. Sera ~amples 110m sows aAd bears werenegative for brucella agglutinins on pla\e and tube agglutinat-ion tests. Necessary contrel measures wereSIIzIggested.(4) COCCtDlOSIS IN RABBITSAn ulltlsual high· mortality filmQngst rabbits iii the Biological Pr0ducts Divisien of the IVRI was investisated.The laboratory investigations revealed coccidiosis tiS the cause. Necessary advioe tor treatment andcontrol of the disease was gi ... en.(5) SEPTICAEMIA IN GUINEA-PIGSAn outbreak of septicaemia in g-pigs of the Biolog~cal Products Division, IVRI was investigated duringthe period. A large number of g-pigs (about 94) died after showing non-specific signs. Postmortem examinationshowed congestion of various orgaAs eg., lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys, uterus, intestines, mesenteric lymphnodes and brain and enlargement of liver and spleen accompanied in Iltany ca9ElS by t-he presence of necfoticfoci in these organl. Histopathological eJtamination showed Gram-negative reds in variolJs tissues. Bacteriologicalexamination of heart blood, liver and spleen revealed multiple acute infections eg., Psel:JdomonasSepticaemia, PseudatUobereulosis and Salmor:rellosis as the cause of septicaemia. Out of 38 cases examinedbacteriologically, Pse udomonas cavlae and Pasteurella Pseudotuberculosis were isolated from 18 aRd 14 oasesrespectively, in 6 cases, examination revealed organisms morphologically, c.;u Iturally and biochemicatly indistinguishablefrom Salmonella sp. Necessary control measures were suggested.D- DIAGNOSTIC SERVICES, INVESTIGATIONS AND NECROPSIES OF POULTRY(2) QlAGN OSTIC SERVICES RENDERED ON MORBID MATERIALS(i) A ~tal number of 509 fOlll1iillin preserved specimens; of ehickeAs, dl:lcks llRd zoo birds werereceived from various parts elf ~e country for histopathological examination. The following main com:litionswere dtagnosed and the resul~ were communiooted to the cORcerned parties.1. Marek's disease-67; 2. Lymphoid leucosis-48;a. Chronic respiratery d isa.ase-18; 4. Coccidiosi

54(ii) A d~ease condition accounting for a heavy mortality in importee;! turkey~poults of Ha)yana AgriculturalUni'versity, liisser was inY8stigated. Five ailing turkey ~oults were brought to the laboratory. The clinicalsigns, grrass and microscopic pathology and isolation studies revilaled the condition as infectious si'1usitis causedby Mycoplasma sp. Necessary control measures and recomrnend~tions were communicated to the Dean.College of Animal Sciences, H.A.U., Hissar.~iii) Three birds presented for diagnosis from the Sainger's poultry farm, Malhausi. Etawah revealedlesions of spirochaetous which was confirmed by the demonstration Iilf the Glrgani9l11s in sections stained byWarthin-Faulkner method.(iv) Encephalomalacia in young chicks caused by Vitamin E deficiel1cy was dignosed in 3 differentpoultry farills of Delhi and Haldwani. Besides the dlificiency, lesions of collbacillosis and toxic nephrosis~.caused by excessive sulpha drug medication were alia seen.•('I) Vitamin A deficiency aausing seVere lfisions aod heavy mortality was diagnosed in the Military,Poultry Farm, Bareilly. Necessary recommendations were made to the authority cocerned.(3) INVESTIGATION COIWDUCTED ON THE SPOT BY VISITING THE P.UL~RY FARMS(i) Investigations were conducted to determine the cause of mortality at the Poultry Project, Chandigarh.The farm had been experiencing a mortality of about 30% in young broiler chicks of 2 to 3 weeks ofage. Encephalomalacia was diagnosed as the cause of mortality. Yet another flock of broilers of 8 to 10weeks of age in the same farm was affected with a contion resulting in poor growth, lameness and insiduousmQrtality. Epidemiological and pathological examinations revealed lesions of Marek's disease.(ii) Mortality among chickens was investigated in the Rampur Poultry Farm, Rampur. The clinicalhistory, gross pathology and histopattlOlogical examinati0n revealed chronic spiroohetosis as the cause ofmortality.(4) NECROPSIESPost mortem was conducted on 25617 birds received from the Institute poultry farm, various divisions ofthe Institutt maintaining experimental chicks, aAod from the private poultry farms around Bareilly.Summary of the Divisional ReportDIVISION OF PHYSIOLOGY~ ,f$. PJ1ARMACOLOGYIn the Animal Climatology Laboratory the research activities Were concentrated c;m round an investigationson the zane of thermoneutrality of Hariana and its exotic crosses. Six trials Wflre completed duriJlgMhisyear to cover the temperatures 17 0 , 22° and 32°C as envisaged. Macro-climatic data was collected dail~ during'the period under report and after compilaJion it was supplied to several research workers.In the Rumen Phosiology Laboraklry, the efficacy of a biostimulator prepatation in the augmentation of~rowth in the livestock including poultry was further tested. An experiment was also conducted on r~ts tostudy the potency of two biostimulator preparations. It was observed that the biostimulator fed rats had highergrowth rate. The dry matter and fat contents of carcass weTe also higher (P L 0.05) in these rats. A trial wasconducted OR chicks to evaluate the effect of the biostimulator preparation on the growth when the birds were,eared on a high energy-high protein and a low energy-low protein rations. The data on the growingchicken showed wide variability within the group and the results we-re inconclusive.In the endocrinology laboratory, the salient activities were (A) Standardization of methods and (B)Research findings with the application of tracer techniques.

55A. STANDARDIZATION OF M~HOOS/ ,The assesSlment of pituitary liJonadotrophins and urin."y estrogens were st!mdardiled. Five differentappreaches to study the thyroid gland activity were standardized in which radio-isotopes were used.(a)(b)(o)(d)(e)In vivo ~easu~ement of the 131 Iodine uptake by the thyroid gland.Determinatiof1i of PB 131 I, BE III I and 131 Iodine conversion ratio.Detection of kidney clearance of 1.31 Iodine.Uptake of T 3 131 Iodine by the red cills.Resin I!lptake of T s 131 Iodine test.B. RESEARCH FINDINGS WITH THSAPPLICATION OF TRAC6.R TECHNIQUES1. By feeding Malengesterol acetate (6 methyl, 17-acetoxypegna, 4-6 dione, 3-20 dione at a dose levelof 0.15 mg per animal ~r day for 16 days) oestrus could' b& synchronized in 86.4% of Black Bengel goatsbetween 4-9 days PGlst withdrawa I f the treatment.2. In a study under controlled conditions of the Psychrometric Chamber. it was Qbserved that the percentageuptake of T 3 131 I by resin WI!IS lower in Hariana and crossbred bulls at high ambient temperaturQs whichwas indicative of suppression of the thyroid activity on the other hand. at low temper;atures the activity of the,thyroid gland was increased in both the breeds.3. During the hot humid period of the year. under field coditions T 3 "31 Iodine uptake by resin washigher (which indicates higher thyroid activity) in the lactating Holstein cows in comprison to non-lactatingcows of the same breed. The difference in the thyroid gland activity during the period und.er report betweenthe lactating Holstein anj Hariana cows was not significant.'_4. Preliminary investigations revealed that the thyroid activity in the Hariana and crossbred cows did not.differ significantly if the cows belonged to same number and stage of lactation. The thyroid activity. however.significantly differed between the first. second and third lactations in all th9 breeds. The T 3 131 I resin uptakewas the highest during the first lactation.5. The cOlT!parison between the Murrah buffalo and Hariana cows in the third lactation revealed thatthe value of t~e T a-resin uptake in the former species was signifi'cantly higher.6. In vitro test. usi'ng the technjque of T 3 131 I uptake bv resin, rtlvealed that two year old males,of the Black 8engal breed had higher thyroid activity than that onhe females of same groul3. However,the thyroid status of male. at two year~ of age was liot different fro~ that of males at one year of a~e.7,. The thyroid function during tJle hot dry period in adult female 'Barbari goats was 09S8Jved' to behigher than that in the adult female Black Bengal Goats.8. In a preliminary studY on th& thyroi d '*tus of Pashmina goats stationed at M ukteswar. (about 8000-ft. above the sea level); it waS observed that these animals had a higher thyroid ~cTivjty in compaTison to Sarbarigoats maintained at Izatnagar. Further studies trave beeT'! enVfsaged to partition the climatic effect from breedcharacteristics.9. Satisfactory progress in the assessment 9f gonadotrophic activity 0' the anterior pituitary and thelevel of estrogen in the urine of femile buffaloes suffering from r.prodlilc~ve dysfunction has belin made duringthe-year under report.In the Toxicology Laboratory. analysis of the tissues of experimental animals (~heep) maintained on300 and 1000 ppm of DDT revealed that unlike other tissues, the DDT residue in the brain tissue was almostthe same at both the levels of administration. After a depletion' period of 4 weeks, the level of DDT' residuliI'was oonsiderably higher in the brain tissue compared to other tissues like meat or lillet:.

56Fatty tisslJe ~ontaiNld a hiS her DDT residue (18~~ and 27.7 pr:;m in ~OQ and H)QO fiilpm group.s reSFleGtively)compared to the control group. After a depletion period gf 4 wee-ks, 10ro ppm group had 12.3 ppm DDTresidue, whereas 300 ppm group had values similar to that of the control group. While a depletion period of4 weeks considerably reduced the levels of residue in meat and liver, fatty tissue seemea to retain hazard01:1slevel Cilf DDT for lonser period.Analysis of the livestock feeds collectee lecallyand also from a few outside statioQs seldom sbowed ahigh concentration of DDT residue. While the residue level in most of the 1'Inimal feeds varied from 0.2 to 1 p.pmone sample each of wheat bran and rice polish contained 3.12 and 3.7 ppm of DDT residue, which were thehighest values for the samples analysed so far. In a few poeled samples of milk and eggs collected from IVRIdairy and Poultry Farms the levels of DDT residue varied froRt 0.09 to 0.39 ppm in milk and upto 0.31 ppm ineggs.A Rumber of livestock feed sampJes collected locally showed the aBsenoe of malathiolil reside. Themalathion residue in a few sali1ples like maize, barley gram and one sample of concentrate mixture varied from0.35 t8 0.8 ppm which were within the known tolerance limits for the human beings.17 samples received from various organ~tions inclu

57allowing a re.asonable period for the animals to adapt, urea can ba replaced upto 35% of DC~ in the rations ofgrowing lambs alild kids without interfering in their growth and such replacement will be found to be economicalwhere cane molacess is readily available.4. The effeet of number of central depress9nts on free and bound acetylchoHne content of rat braintissue have bee" determined.in rats.5. The pharmacological actions of Mebendazole have been studied.6. The chronic and acute toxicity of Sumithion, an organo-phosphorous compound have bee", studiedDIVISION OF STANDARDIZATIONResults of preliminary studies carried out in buff. calves, sheep and rabbits inocula1i;id v\iith G.T.V.suggested a positive correlation between the presence of HI antibodies and resistance to challenge infeetionwith virulent rinderpest virus. likewise, in some of the~e animals. absence of HI antibodies wass related tosusceptibility to exoerimental infection. Further studies confirmed the presence o'f CF antigens in lymphr:lpdesof animals experimentally infected with rinderpest virus. For thiS purpose hyperimmune sera raised incattle and rabbits were employed.Potency testing of H.S. Oil adjuvant vaccine was successfully carried out in rabbits. Sera fromapparently healthy buffaloes were screened for oonglutinin, immunoconglutinin and heterophile antibodies.Fluctuations in the levels of these satum factors wero also studied in experimental pasteurellosis in buffaloc

58to enable an tmdersta.gding of their aetic-patholo9y, leading te the development of suittable preventive andremedial measures. In-this connection it is pertinent to quote Schwabe (1968W-HO document SEAjVPH/4)who observed that "from the point of view of nation~1 self-interest, it would be difficult to envisage a countryother than India in which Veterinary problems in public health are so obviously acute, and yet have been solittle studied in depth or properly evaluated".The problem of initiating Veterinary Public Health services is mainly one of opening up meaningful andcontinuing communication between the medical and veterinary professions especially at the Governmentlevel. Keeping this in view, this Institute has stClrted a collaborative Post-graduate teaching programme inVeterinary Public Health (M.V.P.H.) at the All IndiCi Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Calcutta to trainveterinarians for public health work as a result of the recommendations of FAO/WHO of International Seminaron VPH for countries of SE Region, 1970. This Im.titute has also established a fullfledged Division of VeterinaryPublic Health, with provisiQn fsr a built-in team of medical specialists, at Izatnagar to carry out research onprobllims of pr'iol'ity in the areas of Zoonoses, Food Hygiene and Comparative Pathology including Biomedicine.The research work carried out in the Division of Veterinary Public Health. including its unit at Calcutta,du~\.{\g the 'f~a~ 1, 91'?>, \s ~:wcs~\"\ted i\"\ thi'i!. ~~~mt.Spontaneous arterial diseases in pigsObjective :-To study in detail the types of naUJrafly occurring lesions; in the arterial system of local pigs withpar}icular reference to aorta, coronary and cerebral arteries. This study may give some useful information in thefield of Gardiovascular diseases in man and animals,During the peri0d under report a total of 336 swine aortas wer,s collected from Nekpur (Bareilly) andC.D.F., Aligarh. ,The animals were of either seJ(, apparently healthy and ranged between 0.5-2.5 year of age.About 25.0% of these animals were of nondescript breed wMle the .emaining 75.0% were of Yorkshire breed(large and medium white),•After the removal of adventitial fat, the aortas were cut €lpen longitudinally and were fixed in 10.0%buffered formalin in stretched position_ The formalin fixed aortas were subjected to grossstaining with Sudan 111 (Holman et al.) 1958 and the criteria recommended by WHO StudyGroup on Atherosclerosis were followed for grading up the lesions. Tbe surface area involvement of theintimal surface was estimated by visual method as recommanded by Holman et al., (1958)_Details of observations made regarding i) n1orphologi~ patterns of lesions, ii) surface area involvementin respect of fatty streak/spot (FSS) and iii) segmental (aortic) pret:lilection in respect of fatty streak/sp0t in respecto,f 336 aortas are given. below :-Morpholo,gicaJ pattern comprised Fatty streak/spot 218 (64.8 %); Intimal elevation 20 (0§.6%); Pseudointimalele_vation (Focal medical elastolysis) 7 (0.2.0%); Fibrous plaque 1 (00.3%); Aneurysm 2 (00.6%);Parasitic lesion 32 (09.5%).Surface are involvement oonsisted- upto 2.()!l/o,Involvement above 51 % w,as nil.106; 3-10%, 84; 11 to 30%, 25 and 31 to 50%, 3 aortas.Fatty streal

59The sli:ar of Iigall1entum arteriosum was invariably sudanophil~, hence it was not taken into aCGount whileeategorising this type of lesions. In general, the les'ion was smooth. l,lnelev ated 'and diffuse in nature. Thefirst quarter (Le. origin to scar €?f LA) of the aorta was involved in maximum number of specimens.Other common sites included areas adjoining/surrounding the ostia of various intercostal arteries andsites of origin of the branches of abdominal aorta Including iliac quadrification. In some of the specimeRs thelateral and ventral aspects of the aorta were only involved i.e. without thli involvement of the common sitesmentioned above.Histopathology: Tunica intima was invariably thickened due to pmliferation of fibroblasts, co Uagen, a fewsmooth muscle cells (SMC) and fragements of elastic fibres. There was an indication about the localisation ofaleian blue positive material (AHPM) in the thickened intima and inner fourth of media. Extracellular depositionof neutral fat granules was found in the thickened intima. In a large number of cases the tunica media exhibitedpronoum:ed vacuolation disrupting the continuity of medial SMC. The vacuoles, appeared in the cytoplasm bfthe eells having indistinct outline, distinct rod shaped eccentric rtuclei and characteristics of SMC on differentialstaining. In one case pronqunced elastolysis with deposition of calcium salts was s.eel!) in the innQr fourth ofthe media i.e. just beneath the thickened intima.Intimal elevationGross: These were discrete. sharply defined. soft and ab!ong to elongated areas of variable sizes (1 0 to2,0 mm in diameter/length). slightly (about 1.0 mm) elevated in comparison to adjacent intimal surface anddisposed 10ngitudinaIJy along the logitudinal axis of aorta. These were confined to the thoracic and anteriorpart of the abdominal aorta. The colour was very much similar to the adjacent normal intima. Only a : fewof these !evations were sudanophilic whrlethe rfist wer~ nonsudanophilic.Hts,topathology:-The lesions appearep as sharply defined dome shaped structures superimposed on int!jlrnalelastic lamina· (tEL) and were made up of fibroblasts, collagen. SMC and large epitheloid cells. The latter€ontained numerous bluish pink (in HE stained sections) granules and ~yknotic eccentric nuclei. The IEL inmost of the cases were almost intack while in a few cases these were 'reduplicated. Adjoining areas of tunicaintima and modia did not spow any significant change. Grossly sudanophilic elevations exhibited tho presenceof neutral fat in extracellular position.Psudo-Intimal Elevation (Focal Medical Elastolysis)Gr~s:-These 'Were elongated. irregularly tliposed, elevated structures (2-3 mm in length) of slightly greycolour arranged in groups of 3-6. Predilection for any particular aortic segment could not be observed. Invariably2-3 such groups per specimen were seen but in one case the entire aorta had these lesions. In contractt6> intimal elevation described earlier, these were nonsudanophic.Histopathology:-The aortic. intima over each of the pseudo-elevation was slightly thickened and theunderlying media consisted of an oval area producing a bluge towards the luminal surra.e. Partial/completeelastolysis was seen in these foci and in turn these areas were occupied by collagen and a few smooth musclefibres. In a few cases deposition of calcium salts was discernible in the degenerating elastic fibres. Perivasculardefects (Steiner et. al.; 1973) in ~uter third of media were alf!o distinct in some of the specimen.s. Vasavasorae located in the tunica adventitia were thickened duo to medial hypertrophy/hyperplasia. In some of thecases the hypertrophy was eccentric.Fibrous PlaqueGross:-These were cirGumscribed, rough, greyish-white. nonsudanophilic elevations measuring a fewmm in di ameter and were located near the opening of anterior aorta.

60Histopatho}o§y:-The intima WBi thickened and underlined by linear neero-calcified lesions at itsunction with medhL Intimal thickening consiited of proliferater.l collagen, lit few SMC and elastic t1S5Uafragments. Varying degree of degenerative changes leading to medial elastolysis were also seen.Parasitic Lesion.Considerable variation tn the gross morphology of the parasitic lesions were observed. The lesion" havethererore been categorised under two heads viz:-(i)(ii)Umbil,ca" like-corrugated lesion (Uel) andMigratory tract.(i) Umbilica-lil

61During the P8riod under report, aortas from 256 buff1Uoes were eglleeted from the local slau9hter house.The~e animllis were of either !lex, apparently healthy, aged 4-10 years and belong.ed to non-deiicript breeld.Methods ac:iopted for fixation, grots staining and grading up of the different lesions were the sarn~ as describa_din the project" Spontaneous arterial disease in pigs". Of] the basis of gross examination and gross staining(with Sudan III), 214 (83.6%) uut of 256 aortas exhibited lesions of different types. The morphologi€ pattern oflesions, surface area invol\"ement in respect of FSS and site of predilection in different aortic segments in respectof FSS are as follows ;-Morphologic pattern of lesions; Fatty streak/spot 53 (21.35%); Fibrous plaque 10 (04.00%); Intimalroughness/corrugation 65 (25.23%), Aneurysm 17 (06.98%); Parasitic lesion 69(26.96%). Figures in parenthesesindicate pereentage.surface area involvement in respellt of FSS ; From 1-10·34; 11-25 12; 26-50 7; above 51 :-75 nil.In'!.~lvement of various aortic segments in respect of FSSThoracic-78 and abdominal 37.On histopathological examination a oommon chan!!Je in more than 50.0./ 0 specimens of different lesionswas the presence of groups of vacuolated cells in focal to diffuse area in tunica media, disrupting the normalcontinuity of medial smooth muscle fibres. These cells had indistinct borders, eccentric rod shaped nucleichracteristics of SMC on differential stainin~ with intercellular fine collagen fibres. Details of other changes aregiven below;Fafity s1;reak/spotGross:-The morphology of these lesions after gross staining wilh Sudan III ~onsisted.Gf diffuse sudanophi·lie areas of variable sizes (pin head to several sq. inches in diamension) on the intimal surface. Involvement gfsurface area varied from 1 to 50.0%. When unstained practically no abnormality could be detected in theseaortas except for slight roughness in a few cases. Sudanophilic Wi'lS invariably confined to the scar ofligamentum arteriosum and areas adjoining the openings of anterior aorta, intercostal arteries and branches atabdominal aortas including iliac quadrificatioR.Histopath%gy:-The fatty streak/spot consisted of slight to moderate intimal thickening made up offibro blas~, collagen and a few interspersed smooth muscle fibres intermixed with amorphous substance.The thickened intima contained variable amount of Oil Red .. O-positive material both in intra and extra-cellulardisposition. The intimal thickening was either compact or loose in texture. In one case (sp. No. 165) smalJand fine fragm9nts of elastic fibres could also be observed in· the thickened intima. Small amount of alcianblue PQsiti",e material (AHPM) was 10c"Ilised in tlTe thickened intima. The underlying internal elastic lamil'l'3(tEL) was either intact (without normal undulation) or reduplicated (focal or diffuse) showing focal areasof elastolysis. Varying degree of oedema, elastolysis, vacuolation, fibrosis and longitudinal discrientation ofsmooth muscle cells (SMC) were the changes invariably observed in tunica media. Focal areas of necrocalcification(sPs No. 146, 166) and proliferation of blood vessels (sp. No. 129) were the findings occa·sionally observed in media.Fibrous plaqueGross:-These appe~ed as circular, elongilted or quadranguLar greyish pearly white elevated hard andrough structuriS (measuring in milimeters) scattered over the intimal surfaoo, imf')arting roughness to ;,-theaffected part. In some of the cases, these plaques were having covcave faoe. In variably the plaque were in

62Droups of 3-10, OnlY in occasional cases tlhe plaques were lal~e and dj,ffuse. In most cif the cases the.plaques were locited in the abdominal aorta and in no case these cO't»d be observed closed to the point ofaortic branching. Further. these too could not bear any topographic n~lationship with fatty streak/spot. Mostly,the plaques were nonsudanophilic. However, in some of the plaques, a few sudano(i)hilic stripplings could beobserved.Histopathology: -The lesions were characterised bV intimal thickening underlined bv reduplicate IEL.The thickened intima consisted of collagen and a few interspersed SMC. ABPM oould be observed In thickenedintima only in a few cases. General medial changer included reduplication, fragmentation and lysis of medialelastic fibres and oedema. Inner fourth of media lying just beneath the reduplicated IEL in majority of thecasas exhibited focal to diffuse necrocafci'fied areas of variable sizes In adjaceAt areas/areas between twoneorocalcified 'foci, fibroblasts, SMC, collagen and elastic f.ibres were arranged in haphazalid fashion. Caseswhich were showing absence of necrocalcified foci in the inner fourth ot media, reyealed proQounced elastolysisand loss of compactness accompanied with the -proliferation of collagen fibres. In a few cases intimawas only slightly thickened but the middle third of media showed necrotic foci associated with calcific ceposits.T Llnica media in one specimen (sp. No. 45 II) exhibited twa well developed blood vessels.Intimal Roughness/corrugationerOS6: The lesions were characterised by the presence of transverse fine wrinkled striations giving hardconsistency, corrugated appearance and certain degree of roughness to the intimal surface. Distinct plaquescould not be observed in any of these specimens. Invariably these were localised between the ostia of 11 thintercostal artery and ante~ior mesentery artery. Most of these lesions exhibited iiiffuse sudanophilia eimgross staining wilh Sudan III.Histopathology : The intima was silght to moderately thickened and was underlined by invariablyreduplicated IEL. In some cases, where the IEL was not reduplicated, it appeared swollen with foeal elastolysis.The intimal thickening was mainly due to the proliferation of collageJ:l fibres which were partially hyalinisedin a few cases. In majority of cases fibroblasts, SMC, c~lIagen and elastic fibres of the inner fourth part of mediawere haphazardly arranged. Fibrosis at the cost of other tissues (SMC and elastic fibres) in the inner fourthpart of media was the salient feature of this lesion. Varying degree of elastolysis, medial vacuolation andoedema were the other medial changes. In one case (,Sp. No. 124) a necrocalcified focus could be observedoccupying the middle third of tunica media. In about 10.0% cases AHPM was localised in the thickened intima.AneurysmGross: These were characterised by the presence of single to mUltiple sacGulat

63was represented by a fibrohyaliniseq sheet underlined by the remnant of tunica media. The fibrohvalinisedlayer in some cases (Sp. No. 182, 189) exhibited a number of cells having rndistin8t outline withrod-shaped, pyk'notic, eccentric nuclei and vacuoles in the cytoplasm. These Gells were circumscribed bydelicate collagen fibres. Pronouncecl mec;!ial elastolY51is (middle and outer third of media) with compensatoryfibrosis at the cost of medial SMC and elastic fibres was almost a constant feature. Focal areas of medialcalcification were seen if.! one case (Sp. No. 8~ whi Ie in another case (Sp. r;o. , 50) there was hyperplasia ofmedial blood vessels. Mederate amount of AHPM was localised in the inner most part of thickened intima.Parasitic lesionGross: These lesions showed considerable variation in their morphologic patterns and extent of severity.These could be catagorised as umbilica-like-corrugated lesion (UCL), migratory tract, nodular lesion and)elevated lesion depending upon their gross morphollilgy. The parasites ware indentified as Elaephor" poeJi.i) Umbtlica-like-corrugated. lesionGross: InvariablY these lesions were in the form of soft, pebbly, uneven, circumscribed, elevated (about2.0 mm) structure of variable sizes (5-15.0 mm in diameter) with wrinkled face resembli.ng with the 80rrugatlonsof umbilica. Number of such J'esioR varied from 1-3 in each aorta without any site of predilection.Focal to diffuse sudanophillca, directly proportional to the size of the lesion was almost a constant feature.The adjoining intimal surface appeared either normal or exhibited the presence of migratory tracts ..Histopathology:-The intima was moderately thie-ened consisting of colla~en and stray smooth musclefibres with mononuclear cells infWtration in a few cases (SP. No. 204). Fibrohvalinisation of the thickenedintima was occasional (Sp. No.5, 58, 55). The underlying IEL was stretched, intact or disrupted. The merlil'llchanges were most conspicuous and were characterised by varying degree of oedema, disrupt;on and disinte~rf1-tion of elastic fibres leading to partial to complete elastolysis and compensatory fibrosis at the cost of smoothmuscle and elastic fibres. The inner/middle third of tunica me._QiJ!' in some cases rev9aled the presence of ("Ine ormore necrocalcified foci or fibrous rings containing cut sections of pamsites (Sp. No.1 10) while in majoritycases foci of fibrous cicattisation were Quite prominent (Sp. No. 70, !04). Other changes included hypernlasiaof mediar blood vessels (With perivascular fibrosis and mononuclear cell infiltration in Sp. No. 10) focI' I 're::lsof mononuclear cell infiltration. disorienfation of SMC (inner third of media) and hypertrophy/hyperplasia oftunilll media of adyentitial vasa vas@rum (Sp. No. 53, 120). The reaction of ABPM was inconstant.ii)Migratory tractGross: These were mostly in the form of elevmed fine. Gurvilinear, sinuolJs tracts containinq thin 'hre",c;:Ilike worms. Parts of worms were seen protruding in the aortic lumen in occasional cases. The tracts appearpdbrownish when fresh and pale sudanophilic in stained specimen~. In small percentaqe of cases these appe'lredas longitudinally arranged pin head sized shallow pits. Any particular site of oredilection for these lesionscould not be observed. Tbe lesion was seen independent or in combination with other amti~ lesions.Histooath%gV : The intima wall either n"rmal or slight to moderately thickened consisting of mainly thecollagen and was undl"rlined by strptchBd tEL havinq focal breaches with reduplication and fragmentation. Inmedia certain deqref> of oedema. pronounced etastolvsis, compensatory fibrosis and hyoerplasia of medial blondvessels with periv::tsculat fibrosis (Sp No. 20, 4 1 , 11~, 1 J3) and montlnuclear cell i~!iltra\ion (Sp No. 20)wQre seen. A few focal circumscribed were seen in the inner/middle third of media (Sp. No. 131). Sinuousmigratory tracts observed grossly :.vere in the form of fibrous rings located in the unica media and 60ntained €ut

64sections of parasites (with microfilaria in a few ca8BS, Sp. No. 70). Fjbroc""lu!ar reali:.on around sur;h ringswail discernible only in some 0f the casea (Sp. No. 134). A number 6)f small circl:lrAscribed/linaar fofti 0f melnOnuclearcells (large and small) were scattered throughout the medial Goat in majority of the oases.iii)Nodular lesionGr05:;: -The nodular lesion could be observed/felt as pea like mass within the aortic wall with focalli:udanoph,lia in occasional cases. The individual specimen contained one to three such nodule on the intimalsurfdce. In no case nodule was distinctly elevated from its surroundings. Site of predilection fE)r these lesiol'lscould not be observed. In about 50.0% specimens, the nodules were accompanied with migratory tracts.When sectioned, the nodules c(:lntained a small amount of flaseocalcified material with probable remenant. ofdegenerdting pilfasites.Hislopathology:-Depfinding upon the size of the nodule, the tunica intima covering tha nodule wasslightly or moderately thickened as a result of an inorease in the amount of in~imal collagen. The underlYingIEL was disrupted. The nodule was located in the inner/middle third of tuniea media. Necrotic/necrocalcifiedmass admixed with cut secti

A total of 548 sera samples from man and various species of anirTfclls were tested for the presence ofantibodies against Coxiela burnetti. Sera for 227 human cases; 176 goats. 56 fowls, 75 cows and 14 buffaloeswere collected and tested. The results have been tabulated below :-Results o'f sera samples tested for Q-fever antibodiell by C.A. test were :-Human 22 {9.5 % } were positive out of 227 samples; goat 17 (9.7%) positive out of 176; COVl} 5 (6.6° fo)out of 75; buffalo 1 {1.1%) out of 14; fowl 3 (5.3%) out of 56. 'The maximum titre in case of human, goat, cow and fowl sera was 1.16 while and for buffalo it was 1 : 8.The minimum titre for all these species was 1 : 4.Besides this, 12 samples of cow milk and 15 samples of buffalo milk were also tested of these, only onesample 0f buffalo milk showed the evidenCe' of antibody.Bacteriological and rest respective studies on gastroentritis in man with special referenceto food borne infections/intoxicationsFifty samples (thirty three rectal swabs and seventeen milk samples) were screened for various pathogeni.e. vibrio chOlera V. parahemolyticus. CI. welchii. E. coli, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Shigella and also forparasitic infestation. In these samples the presence of 17 Staphylococcus, 10 E. Coli and 28 CI. welchii wasrecorded, while V. Cholera or V. parahemolvticus, Salmonella or Shigella organisms could not be demonstrated.Six coagulase positive manOitol fermaters were iselated from suspected milk samples consumed by thepatients. and from their rectal swab samples, while from only one case, the same coagulase positive Staphylococcuswas isolated both from rectal swab and milk sample obtained from the same patient.In paraSitic infestation, 1 patient with giardia, 2 with Ent. coli, 11 with Ent. histolvtica and 6 with round- tworms i.e. (Ascaris, Trichuris, Hymenolepsis, AnchyJostomes) were recorded.Studies on Pyrexia of unknown origin with particular referen~human patients in Calcuttato Brucellosis inThe work was undertaken to define the role of brucellosis in pyrexia of unknown origin and as a pOblichealth problem as well as to find out the role of other zoonotic agents in P.U.O.A. total number of one hundred and sixty sefum samples from humans were sujected to di"erent testsfor diagnosiS of brucellosis. Of these, one hundred and seventeen samples were fever cases, thirty nine weresuspected V.D. patients and eleven were animal handlers.The standard tube agglutination, mercapto-athanol and complement fixation tests were performed. Outof these samples, six were positive for brucellosis. 11 were suspected and four showed the presence ofBrucella-agglutinins the significance of which could not be determined. The distribution of Brucella agglutininswas determined.In chronic human brucellosis, the antibody IgG plays the m~jor role which does not participate in theagglutination test and in the present study, all the ser6m samples except one proved to be negative to mercaptoethanoltests.AntigJQbulin Coomb's test is being attempted for use in such serum samples.Due to the non-availability of suitable antigen, these s~rum samples could not be tested fOl Q feverantibodies.

Studies on Pyrexia of unknown orisin (PlJOfamong human patients66During the period unde"r report 82 sera from human patiel)ts were collected from the Institute Hospital,Distt. Hospital and N.E.Rly. Hospital. Out of these, ten sera from District Hospital, one from N.E. RIV.Hospital and the rest were obtained from IVRI Hospital.So far none of the Sera gave positive reaction with Brucella or Listeria antigens. The diagnostic agglutinintitre against S. tvphi '0' and 'H' antigen were obtained with six and three sera respectively. Thepositive diagnostic reaction with S. paratyphi A were obtained with one and six sera of thfi patients against S.paratyphi A '0' and 'H' antigen respectively. Only four sera yielded positive ag,glutinin reaction with S. pal8typhi B'Ho antigens, whila none of the sera were positive for its 0 agglutinins." ""The preparations of other antigens which would be utilised in screening the sera is in progress.Role of animalS in the epi~EJ!"iology of InfluenzaOne of the intriguing problems in the field of communicable diseases centres is the origin of new paRdemicstrain of influenza virus and also the disappearel')ce of the virus in the interpidemic period.This study was undertaken to process the pneumonic lung pieces from the freshly slaughtered pigs atTangra Slaughter House;' Calcutta for the isolation of influenza virus using embryonated eggs. During theperiod, 11 pneumonic lung materials were examined. Three blind (3assages were made and the allantoic fluidfrom the inoculated embryos were tested for the presence of haemagglutinins using guinea-pig erythro-cytes.Further work is in progress.Evah)8£~~ of different enrichment and selective media for isolation of Salmonella fr~f\1milk aiiO""'tnilk products . \ !.bbjective : The project was taken for the undermentioned two aims :-1. Salmonella has to pass throughvarious physical and chemical adverse conditions such as heat, refrigeration and aciditY during prOCessing ofmilk and its products and has to c-omplet~ with variQus fast growing organisms with the result that variousmethods in vogue in diagnostic microbiology are not suitable for isolation for salmonellae from milk...and itsproGucts.2. It has been repbrted that even nine organism's can multiplY to a level to cause the disease while themethods suggested by C.D.C. and pubiic heal~~ administrati"on can detect 10 organisms per litre and thereforea method to isolate the organism at a level of 9 organ_isms per litre is necessary.Isolation of salmo' ella from experimentally infected milkInitially eight enrichment media viz. 1) Tetrathionate broth 2) Te!>tra thionafe broth with Brilliant green3) Selenite broth 6} Rapaport broth 7) Saunder's broth 8) Bismuth sulphite broth and five selective platingmedia viz. XLBG Agar 2) Bismuth sulphite Agar 3) D. C. L. S. Agar 4) S. S. Agar 5) Brilliant green sulphadizineagar were chosen for the study.In preliminary study 500 ml of salmonella from milk tvas experimentally contaminated with 7-8 salmonella!ml. and were inoculated in enrichment media tube and were incubated at 37°C and 41°C for 18 hours and thenplated on selective media which were again incubated for 18 to 24 hours.It was founqithat all the enrichment media incubated at 3rC revealed salmonella on all selective media.;..,But when incubated at 41°C cystein selenite broth, selenite broth and Bismuthsulphire broth failed to reveal salmonella on D. C. L S .. Agar Cystein salenite broth incubatedat 41°C did not reveal salmonella on S. S. Agar. Bismuth sulphite agar, Brillialilt green agar and XLBG agarsupported growth of salmonella through all the eight enrichments.

67Further studies with lesser concentration of organisms is in progress.Examination of field materials85 milk samples were tested for the presence of salmonella. One mi. milk was inoculated iii!, 10 ml ofenrichment media and then plated on selective media after 18 hours inoculation at 37°C. The non lactosefermenting colonies were picked up and tested for urease production. The suspected cul}ures were then inoculatedon T.S. I. agar and/or composite media of Chitnis et. a/. So far no salmonella could be isolated fromthese samples.IBacteriological studies on meat and meat products with special referense to publichealth aspects f 'Objective: To assess the hygiene of meat and its fitnSili for human consumptiQn with a view to minimisethe incidence of food borne infections and intoxi

fa·DIVISION OF EPIDEMIOLOfJYResearphRetrospective studies on the pattern and frequency of diseases in exotic cattle imported into India wereconducted. Printed questionnaires were sent to Director's of Animal Husbandry in different states of the Countryto send them back duly dilled in. Of nearly 4000 proformas despatched only 210 proformas were receivedback. These have been included for ana:ysis.So far information regarding 2497 animals has been collected. Of these, the information for 533 animalswas collected during this year .•One additional and very important development durfng this year has been the introduction of computerprocessing of data. To do this, the sc·ope of the previous proformas was enlarged and the informationobtained waS encoded to fit into 8' IBM cards for each animal. For the total of 2497 animals so farstudied 19976 cards had been punched verified listed and sorted.The punched cards, after verification have been sorted farmwise. animal-wise and cardwise and are readyfor computer analysis. These aTe being arranged through I.A.R.S.The data collected and analysed are of variable reliability and no contrel has been exercised on theirquality. In many instances, the ante-mortem diagnosis and post-mortem reports do not tally. Further, formany diseases and deaths proper laboratory confirmation has not been provided.Epidemiological parameters: There are no standard definitioDs for certain epidemiological parameters.The same definitions as are being used in human epidemiology are to be employed for animal diseases as well,however, with certain modifications to suit the comparatively smaller sample size considered here.Morbidity data: There are many difficulties encountered in inteipreting morbidity data. Certain generalisationshave to be maDe while entering a particular disease condition. For example, if an animal hassuffered from the same disease on several occasions not for apart in time, a generalisation has to be made forrecording them either as different entities or as the same entity. Again when an animal suffers from twodifferent diseases at the same time a generalisation has to be made to enter either both the conditions or oneof them. In decidings some of these generalisations, the same principles as applied for human epidemiologyhave been applied here also.The system developed for computerization is very cumbersome. The proformae for this purpose hava tobe made elaborate. The encoding has been done in eight cards for each animals. So there,is need for assistancsin handling the large amount of data for their encoding, punching and verifying.Proposed programme of research for 1974Studies on the pattern and frequency of diseases in exotic vis-a-vis cross bred cattle.(i) Collection 01 information based em personal visits and postal questionnaires on exotic and crossbred cattle in selected areas of the country.1 >(ii) C~puterization of data on the same parameters employed in the study on imported cattle.(iif~~iOnal information will be sought on the Ecology (Meterological data, soil type, water, feeding,.hOllsing and management).

Studies on BHK21 cells69F.M.D. LABORATORY IVRI REGIONAL CENTRE,HEB~ALBANGALOREThe BHK21 cell line was obtained from Virus Research Centre (VRC), Poona at its 86th oassage level.To start with medium received from VRC Was used for a few initial p;Jssages. After repeated trials. a suitableformula (Glasgow modification of Eagles' medium) was laid down in~orporating some of the indigenouslyavailable chemicals for the preparation of medium. It was found that with such a medium normal growthof the cells could be obtained and more or less complete monolayer sheet in bottle in 4 days.A growth curve study of the cell line was undertaken. Varying initial concentrations of cells i.e. 0.25;0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 million celis/milk dilution bottle (of surfaG:e area 34561. cm.) were used. : The cell countswere made from different sets of bottles at intervals of 24 hours. Three bottles were used for counting cellseach time. It was observed that with initial inoculum of a 25, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 million cells maximum growthto the extent of 1.94. 3.60, 8.43 aRd 11.45 million celfs per bottle respectively were obtained. While themaximum concentration was reached within 4 days incubation in respect of 1.0 and 1.5 million cel1s as inoculumand it took longer time in the case of lesser inoculum.In the initial stages sera obtained from calves were used in the medium. Later serum from buffalElecalves were tried for supporting growth of B HK 21 cells and it was observed that serum from buffaloe calveswas found to be equally satiSfactory for the purpose.The chromosomes studies were also undertaken at differ passage levels of the cell line.The maintenance of the cell line by regular subculture and preservation of selected passages in liquidnitrogen was continued.Adaptation of FMD Virus t'Ype to BHK21 cellsFood and Mouth Disease Virus types 0, A, C, and Asia I (Goat kidney cell and Guinea pig adapted)and Bovine strains were obtained from Mukteswar.The Virus work could be started only after the middle ~fequiping thl) lab. fQr virus work.the year as first half of the year was utilized forThe goat-kidney·ceJl adapted virus types (0. A, C and Asia I) were seen to multiply easilv in BHK21 cellline. For Virus replication milk dilution bottles having complete monolayer (3-4 days growth) of the BH K cellswere used. The medium used was the same as for growth but without serum. The criteria for replication ofvirus was complete CPE (total destruction of cells). When OPE was found to be consistent the virus wastitrated in the same cell system.All the four types (0, A, C and Asia I) have been found to produce CPE within 24-48 hours post infection.The virus types have undergone 4-8 serial passages in BHK21 cells.All the virus types were tested periodicaliy for the specificity by complement fixlltion test againstspecific hyperimmune sera.Further work on Titration of the virus in B H K21 cells and suckling mice is being conductl:ld. JPrimary Calf Kidney culturesPrimary calf kidney cultures were frequently put up considering their use for isolation of field isolates aswell as for carrying out vir~s titration in respect of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus types.

Galf kidney cells were subcultured using Hanks growlh medium till 4th passage after which the cellsceased to multiply on further passages. The Eagls's medium (Glasgow modlficatien) is being tried to see itseffect on growth beyond 4th passage level. The effect seems to be promising. Further work is in progress.Small Animal HouseA small colony of mice and guinea pig was started with a view to cater to the future needs of thelaboratory. Both mice and guinea pigs have been multiplying normally and the present stock is 500micQ and 340 guinea pigs.REGIONAL ANIMAL NU TRITION RESEARCH CENTREPALAMPURGrowth of Jersey x local cross bred calves on normal plane of nutrition and adaptiveresearch on calf startersThe studies were carried 9ut in two phases. In tbe first phase of study calves in the contral groupreceived a total of 375 kg whole milk within 16 weeks of age while 1/3 milk quota in the experimental groupwas replaced by a calf mixture constituted from COmmon feed ingredients. T he preliminary results have beenreported earlier.The second phase of study was in progress at the close of the previous year. The whole milk quota inthe diet of control group was reduced to 186 kg within 12 weeks of age and the requirements made up bysupplementation with an improved calf mixture in which fish meal was included. In the experimental gmup,the milk quota was reduced to 146 kg within 12 weeks of age and the requirement brought up by feedingextra calf mixture on DC and TDN basis. Dl!Iring the year under report 3 male and 5 female calves in eachgroup completed 26 weeks of age.The data obtained in the two phase3 of study have been statistically analysed. The growth rate of male andfemale ealves upto 26 weeks of age in the control group in the first phase was 3.1 1 and 2.60 kg/week respectivelyand in the second phase 2.97 and 2.41 kg/week respectively. The differences in ca99 of male or the femalecalvesin the two phases were statistically not significant and based on the pooled data, the averages for male andfemale calves in a mixed popUlation of F2 and Fa cross bred generation were 3.04 and 2.51 kg/week respectively,the differences between sexes being highly significant (at 1 % level). A highly significant correlation(df = 192, r = 94) was obtained between heart girrh and liveweight of calves between birth and 26 weeks ofage, the regression equation being y=1.58 x -85 where y is the liveweight in kg and x is the heart girthin cm.The calves in the experimental group in both the phases of study recorded significantly lower growth ratesthan in the control groups. Continuing the observations on female calves in the second phase of study. beyond26 weeks of age, it was observed that the initial growth depression on the restricted milk quota (146 kg Within12 weeks of age) was more than compensated by one year of age. The live weights and heart girth me!lsurementsof calves upto one year of age were also correlated highly significantly.The observations on female calves in the second phase of 'Study afforded a differential analysis of growthrate in F2 and Fa cross bred generatililns and the growth rates in the control group upto 26 weeks of age were2.20 and 2.63 kg/week respectively, the difference being highly significant in favour Qf the Fa generation calves.There was elsa evidence that calves having a greater capacity to tolerate a low milk diet.

71The planes of DCP and TDN nutrition in the second phase were at 128 and 112 percent levels raspentivelyin the experimental group. Inspite of the higher plane of nutrition in the experimental group, the growthrate of calves in the control group was significantly higher. Evidenlly the inhibited growth rate in the experi~mental group was inspite of the adequate supply of DCP and TON and max be aSGribed to the inadequacy ofimproved calf mixture as constituted in this study for replacement of whole milk to the level trie'il.The endogenous urinary nitrogen intake varied signifieently with the caloric density of the ration. TheFUN value in mg/kg L. W. at the average caloric density of ration (3.0 kcal/g D. M.o) on the basis of pooleddata of the two groups in the second phase was 60 only while in the first phase it was 150. Both values Wfiilr9highly significant and the differences between them was also hiQhlv significant. The average OCP levels in therations in the two phases were 9.!!) and 14.2 percent respectively with planes Qf DCP nutrition averaging 82and 132 percent respectively. An analysis of variance of the pooled data of the two phases gave thQ EUN valueat average caloric density of ration (3.0 kcal/g D. M.) as 160 mg/kg L. W.With due regards to the correction for feed residue nitrogen in faeces, the common ~l!FN value basedon the pooled data of the two phases of study averaged 0.34 g/100 g dry matter intake in calf rations containingan average of 16 percent crude fibre and meeting the DCP and TON repuirements lilt 110 and 102 percent levelsrespectively. In both the phases of study the fraction of feed nitrogen in faeces and the crude fibre level in theration were correlated highly significantly ara the MFN values for crude fibre levels of 4 to 32 percent in theration Were caloolated to range from 0.09 to 0 68 gJ 1 00 g D M intal

72There were no significant differences in the total dry matter intake on the four treatments. The digestibilityof dry matter, crude protein, ether-extract or gross eoergy between treatments did not show any significantdifference. However there were highly significant differences in the crude fibre and nitrogen free extractdigestibiJities. There were significant difference in the average intake of OCP and highly significantly differencesin the intake of TON on the four treatments." The apparent DCP intake was observed to be raised with increasing levels of both nitrogen intake andTON intake and the correration was highly significant. It was observed tgat for an animal of average liveweightof 204+ 7 kg, the maintenance OCP requirement was reduced from 10J to 75 g/head/day with TON intakeincreasing from 1 to 3 kg/head/day.Package Programme for feeding high producing (Jersey cross bred) milch cows inKangra districtA field survey of the plane of nutrition of Jersey cross bred cows in a nearby locality initiated in theprevious year wa. completed during the year under report. A total of 61 milch cows were embraced by thesurvey. Two viSits to the locality were made in each season together information on the particulals of themilch cows viz, milk yield, stage of lactation and stage at pregnancy and on the particulars of feeding viz, thetype and quantity of feedstuffs offered to the cows.Milch cows of an average live weight of 278 kg produced an average of 3,5 kg milk/head/day at theaverage lactation age of 10 months. The peak milk yield in individual cases recorded during the period was ofthe order of 8.11 kg/head/day. In case of 48 percent of the total number of cows in milk, the lactation periodextended over 10 months. In individual cases milk was obtained from cows over a period of two years in onelactation. Only 44 percent of the cows were reported pregnant. Many times the reported pregnancy wasfound to be false and in some cases the cows aborted prematurely. The number of parturitions over a periodof one year was 52 percent.The plane of nutrition of the milch cows was calculated by comparison of its nutrient requirements formaintenance, production and gestation as the case may be, with its estimated nutrient intake through feedstuffsavailable to the cow. A great irrationality was noticed in the feeding of milch cows in the field area. In somecases the milch cows did not receive any OCP at all while in some other cases the nutrient was suppliedat a level which was three times of the requirement.' The former situation existed in case of cows which hadstopped lactating and were generally offered only coarse roughages such as local hay or cereal straws andthe latter situation was observed when the cows were supplied concentrated feeds like oil cakes in addition tohigh quality forage such as green berseem.Similarly in respect of plane of TON nurtition in the different periods, there was an individual variationwithin the wide range of 62 to 195 percent. The short supply was generally noted when the high producingcows did not receive adequate quantity of greens and/or cakes. High quality forages 11'I

73The percentage of the total number of cows whose requirements in respect of all the four nutrients viz.,DCP, TDN, COl and P were supplied at cent percent level averaged on IV 30 in the urBan and 28 in the rural area.It was also calculated that the percentage of cows whose requirem~t in respect of these nutrients was notsatisfied even at 50 percent level averaged 22 in the urban and 32 in the rural area.Under the prevailing circumstances optimum production from milch cows could not be eXl'lected.main deficiency in the surveyed areas was of DGP followed by that of phosphorus.TheStudies on 'Mle imprevement of low grade rou9h~gesruminantsfor the economie feeding ofTo begin with local hay was I.lsed as the 8.oarse of rougt.lages. Five fistulated Jersey crO.8 bred bullQcksof an average liveweight of around 225 kg were used in a 5*5 latin iquare-switch over desi," experiment tostudy the effect of fiva treatments.i) May ad lib + linseed cake (maintenance qoonNty).ii) Hay ad lib + Urea. (e(juivalent N basis).iii) Hay ad lib+Urea as above+molasses 1 kg.iv) Hay 1.5% alkali treated + Urea as above.v) Hay 3% alkali treated+Urea as above.In each case the ration was adequately supplemented with mineral mixture and Veterinary Vitamin A.The e~periment was €ompleted in five periods of one month each. In each period time G:ourse reumen stUQ~eilind a metabolic trial were carried out after preliminary feedini for a minimum of 15 and 21 days resfilec~vely.The work was inconclusive at the close of the year.Studies on gross Yields CDf dry matter and crude protein and nutritive value Qf penn 1-seturn pedicellaturn forageThe work was concluded during the period under report. The seeds of mature pennisetum pedice/l~tumforages of the three varieties viz, PP3, PP 10 and PPP 15 allowed to fallon the [ground during the previous yeardid n'ot show satisfactory germination during the following monsoons. The competition from the local flora hada marked inhibitory effect and the gra-ss did not appear suitable for adaptation under range conditions.During the year the seeds of the three varieties were sown under manurial applicatic;m of 1750 q/ha ofFYM and 173 kg/ha of a fertilizer mixture containing N, P and ~ at 15% level each. Harvested at an average ageof 84 days, the gross yields of forage on fresh or dry m'ltter basis from the th'ee varieties were statisticallysimilar, averaging 709 an~ 83 q/ha on fresh and dry m~tter basis respectively.The average percentage composition of grass on dry matter basis was crude orotein 7 22, other extract2.36, crude fibre 36.53, nitrogen free extract 38.92, total ash 14.97, calcium 0.36 and phosphorus 049. TMnutritive value of the grass, at an average harvesting age of 84 days, was evaluated as a sale feed on three adultrams. The dry matter intake of rams averaged 2.90 kg/100 kg liveweight. The digestibility coefficie;nts of drymatter. crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre and nitrogen free extract were 59, 63, 76, 58 and 60 respectively.The nutritive value of the forage in percent on dry matter basis was DCP 4.2 and TON 52.6. The rams maintainedpositive balances of nitrogen but the supplies of calcium and phosphorus from the grass were inadequateto maintain the animals in equlibrium.

74I. V. R. I. RESEARCH CENTRE, PORT BLAIRStudies on incidence of Buffalo stephanofilariasisDuring the earlier survey on stephanofilariasis, not only the incidence among cattle was 30.15% ascompared to 7.95% among buffaloes but it was also revealed that the overall cattle population was far greaterthan the buffaloes. Till then five navelsore and two earsore cases only were encountered which necessitatedintensified survey among buffaloes of Port Blair town and three nearby villages of Esteenabad, Pahargaon andDollygung. This survey started last year and ended in the first quarter of this year.As compared to the percentage of buffalo stephanofilariasis reported till last year's report the finalincidence under this intensified survey was worked out to be 12.0% positive, 4.75% of liIavelsore and 7.25%of earsore, out of the total of 400 buffaloes examined.Extended search for possible vElbtors among flies feeding on Humpsore, Earsore andNavelsore lesionExamination of teased/dissected flies from over the humpsore lesions was though continued throughoutthe year, of these off the earsore and navelsore lesions could be conducted from July onwards. In all 6,814flies off the humpsore lesions, 408 flies of the earsore lesions and 1716 flies off the navelsore lesions weulexamined; and details of the monthly collections examined and flies found positive for the Stephanofilaria Sp.juveniles were worked out.Morphological studies of parasitic stagesDuring the year, examinations of scrapings and smears from humpsore, earsore and navelsore werecontinued and the parasitic stages were collected as an when encountered, for the morphological studies. Asthese studies are still continued and the final means of meaaurements have not yet been calculated, the meanmeasurements reported earlier during the first half of the year are being given here again.Adult Stephanofilaria speciesFrom all the three types of sores, larger number of female parasities were collected as compared to scantymales, and ratio of males to females was usually 1 : 3 to 1 : 5. The length of the female worms of all thethree species was 2 to 4 times larger than their males.The mean measurements for female S. assamensis was, length 10.2 mm, breadth 0.184 mm, nerve ringfrom oral end 0.084 mm genital opening from oral end 0.092 mm, oesophagus 0.186 mm, anus fram tail end0.032 mm, vagina 0.144 mm, perioral spines 14 and pericephalic spines 20. In S. zaheeri, mean length was 10.01 .mm, breadth 0.182 mm, nerve ring from oral end 0.84 mm, oesophagus 0.184 mm, anus from tail end 0.026 mm,vagina 0.134 mm, perioral spines 18 and pericephalic spines 20. In case of S andamanensis the mean lengthwas 0.4 mm, breadth 0.168 mm, nerve ring from oral end 0.079 mm, genital opening from oral end 0.084 mm,oesophagus 0.174 mm, anus from tail end 0.024 mm, vagina 0.122 mm, and perioral spines 14 and pericephalicspines 18.The mean measurements for male S. Bssamensis was, length 3.25 mm, breadth 0.108 mm, nerve ringfrom oral end 0.076 mm, oesophagus 0.164 mm, cloaca from tail end 0.032 mm, left spicule 0.186 mm, rightspicule 0.052 mm, accessory piece 0.018 mm, and number of caLidal papillae 10 pairs. In S. zaheeri, the meanlength was 3.15 mm, breadth 0.10 mm, nerve ring from oral end 0.074 mm, oesophagus 0.162 mm, cloacafro~ tail end 0.030 mm, left spicule 0.184 mm, right spicule 0.050 mm, accossory piece 0 016 mm, and numberof caudal papillae 8 pairs. In case of S. andamanensis the mean length was 2.28 mm, the breadth 0.098 mm,

75nerve ring from oral end 0.070 mm. oesophagus 0.143 mm. cloaca from tail end 0.030 mm. left spicule 0.184mm, right spicule 0.050 mm, accessory piece 0.016 mm. and caudal papillae 8) pairs.MicrofilariaeThe microfilariae of all the three species of parasites. collficted from h~mpsore. earsore and navelsorelesions. are usually 'C' shaped or with bent anterior half. wheR outside the vitelline membrance; or 'C' shapedor cireular or one and half fold. when still in the shell membrane. In wet smears they show active movement.The anterior ends are blunt and posterior end bluntly tapering. Cuticular striatiom and oral spines were notdiscernible at this stage.The mean measurements for the microfilariae of S. assamensis was-length 123. 4 microns, breadth 5.1.cephalic space 5.4. nerve ring 28.1, fronn anterior end, excretory pore 51.8. excretory cell 56.9. first genitalcell 73.5. anal pore 99.7. and last nucleus from tail tip 5.5. The meaa measuremeRts for the micrefilariae ofS. zaheeri was-length 110.7 microns. breadth 6.97. cephalic space 3.72. nerve ring bom ant. end 18.89.excretory-pore 31.21. excretory cell 35.14. first genital cell 67.74, anal pore 84.03 and last nucleus from tailtip 3.78. Those for microfilariae of S. andamanensis were-length 108.9 microns. breadth 6.51. cephalic space3.78. nerve ring from anterior end 19.7. excretory pore 32.16. excretory cell 34.82. first genital cell 68.02,anal pore 82.65 and last nucleus from tail tip 3.60.Juvenile stages of S. assamensis collected from vectorsThe S. assamensis juveniles collected during teasing/dissection of various Musca flies were stulilies.Sausage shaped larva:- Only at one occasion. six sausage shaped first stage larvae were obtained 011 systematicdissection of one M. conducesns.These larvae were present within the foregut in the abdomen of the fly. The larvae were thick. sluggishlymotile. with body bent near the middle bringing the anterior and posterior ends to lie opposite to each other.Cuticular striations were apparent. The anterior end was blUnt and posteriot end narrow. The extent of oesophagusand intestine was though recognigable. but the intestinal cells were not arranged. The length of theselarvae was 0.135 mm-O.180 mm. breadth 0.018-0.025 mm. oesophagus 0.045-0.062 mm the cells of the nervering were 0.025·0.031 mm from oral end and excretory cell was at a distance of 0.035-0.005 mm. Theanal plug was at distance of .010-0.013 mm from posterior end.Second stage larva: These larvae were longer and thicker and oesophagus and intestine well differen.tiated. The intestinal cells were organised. cuticular strietions and oral spines were clear. but cepahallic spineswere not very distinct. Measurement of six specimens were taken. The length was 0.395-0.616 mm.breadth was 0.034-0.041 mm, the slander oesophagus Was 0.059·0.073 mill, nerve ring was at a distance of0.027-0.034 mm from oral end and was 0.010-0.017 mm from posterior end. 'Infective larva:- Morphology of five specimens was studied. These larvae were longer and stouterwith typical perioral and pericephalic spines and cuticular starition. The posterior end was bluntly ending.The intestinal canalisation was clear.2-4 celled stage.and so was canalisation of the anus. The genital analage was inThe length was 0.924-1.036 mm. breadth was 0 038-0.045 mm. oesophagus was 0.09(5-0.123 mm,nerve ring was 0.051-0068 mm. from oral end and anuS was 0.013·0.017 rom from posterior end. The genitalanal age was 0.322-0.490 mm from anterior end.Preliminary experimental feeding of flies on the humpsore lesionsIn order to study the early development ef microtilariae to the sausage stage larva iflside th. vector.some preliminary experimental efforts were made.

76Batches, of seven M. conducpns and ten M. autumna/is at one occasion and of 12 M. xanthome/asand 8 M. autumna/is at the other, were fed separately on humpsore lesion of our experimental animals inblack cloth covered measuring cylinder without base, for half an hour daily for three days. These were latermaintained in fly cages in the laboratory. NQ juveniles were recorded.As infection could not be established in the sore fed flies experimentally, as sue!;} the same is centinuod.(Regular life history studies could not be conducted' for want of animal sheds, animals and animalattendants) .Studies on vector biologyThe studie~Seasona.1 incidenceconduli:ted on vector biology, during the year are given below:-Out of our experience during the year it was observed that from Oct6lber-Novembsr the Musoa SID·population while starts decreasing the population of other flies is on increase. This is also somewhatevident from the table two above.Maintenance of fliesIn order to find out a suitable media for the maintenance of Musca flies, not more than 1 @ Muscaxanthome/as or M. autumna/is mrxed were kept under observation and their longivity was studied. Thesurvival of flies umler various food media was observed.On the basis of the observations thE;)whole blood + milk+glucose media.maintQnanr.e of the fly in the laboratory was therefore done withBreeding of fliesPreliminary trials were then conducted to assess the effioacy of thesi three media on the breedingefficiency of the flies and effect on their developmental stage. A ma";mum of 8 males and 8 females of M. xanthome/aswere kept in each cage and were provided with mucus coated fresh cowdung as breeding media. Theresults of the initial breeding experiments were recorded.Similar preliminary attempts witt! M. conducens showed that they oviposifed both on cCiwdung a5well as old stale blood. However, in the f&lood medi~ the larvae were later observed to move away from thesame, p'erhaps due to unsuitablity. The ovipos·ition took place in 20-24 hours, the larvae hatched outafter 24 hours and was fully developed in 6·8 days, and the fly emerged in 9-11 days of pupalstage.Bearing on fly density of localitiesTo observe if there is any bearing of altitude . and more inhabited areas on fly density, fewprelirrtinary experiments were conducted.In the first experiment Musca 5p. catches in one sweep off humpsore of cattle and -number of flypupae per six inches square of dried dung at two places of altitudes nearly 1000 ft. and two places ataltitude of less than 50 ft. were compared. Records of weekly data were maintained.In the other experiment, Musca sp fly catch in one sweep off humpsore of cattle and those off earsoreof buffaloes, seperately On bright sunny forenoon and cloudly forenoon in two areas (A & 8) in clearedand more inhabited areas and two (C & D) in 1901ated junble Villages, were taken into account. Weeklydata were collected for comparative itudies.

Bearing of compost formation and chick rearing on fly population77Stueies were further undertaken to assess the bearing of compost formalion and of rearing of chic-k.s, Onfly popula'ion in a limited area.In .the first experiment. ten pits of one feet cube were dug in the ground and cowdung '" deep was piledup in them daily. Pits 1-5 were covered with wooden lids and pits 6-10 were left uncovered. Both thegroups of pits were ultimately covered by mosquito nets to sectHe any escape of flies. Number of Musca flyemergence after 12 days i.e. after filling the pits were counted daily for 15 days. For countiny the flies trom thecovered pits, lids were first removed. Four pits Wefe kept as r::ontrol where dUng was put only once in thebeginning and observations recorded.For the possible role of chick rearing on t.he fly density, another experiment was designed. Ten Muscalarvae and ten pupae were mixed each in petridishes of 3" diameter full with fresh cowdung. E'8ch of the tenpetridishes were kept in the shady yard and petridishes were kept covered with cane baskets, and under eachof the basket one month old chick waS introduced. Reading were taken half hourly for three hours.Limited therapeutic trialsNo indented fiJiralidal drugs could become available even till this fag end of the project. Having obtainedpersonally 100 gm. of Neguvon. 500 gm. of Trolene and 150 mm. of Asuntol, limited individual treatmenttrials were attempted, against humpsore, earsore, and navelsore. The drugs were used as ointmentswith 6% or 12% Trolene or 9% Asuntol in white vaseline b3se, mixed with 6% of Sulohanilamide for nearly aweek. The ointment was applied b.i.d after throughly cleaning the sore with d3ttol wa:er and then drying it.After a week Sulphanilamide was discontinued in the ointment. Following appreciabla recovery, 10% Sharkliveroil in vaseline base was used to tone up the skin. After cess-ation of treatment, the cases were frequentlyooecked for re-occurrance.limited histopathological and immunological studiesThese studies were started late during the year. There was initial difficulties in getting the sore tissuesin abs~nce of any abattoir. With great difficulty one humpsore lesions had become available and the same wasprocessed, and by the time other lesions were collected the microtome went out of order. As such onlylimited humpsore sections were studied.Out of the H & E sections examined, only two showeit the presence of Stephanofilaria worms, and groupsof microfilariae were present in only one. Worms were lo&ated at the end of the rete pew> with milk cellularreaction around. Worms located in the sebacious gland site at one occasion had moderate mononuclear reactionaround. The accompanied proliferative changes in the epidermis included thickening and brittleness of thestratum corneum and deep acanthosis of tRe stratum malpighi. In the dermis, the sebacious glands and hairfollicles were degenerated accompanied with mild infiltration of lymphocytes and fibroblasts. The dermalvessels were congested, and at places were evidence of haemorrhages. Deeper dermis or subdermis appearedto be less affected.The section showing few groups of microfilariae, presented more intense reaction. Microfilariae weremostly enclosed in the vitelline membrane, were lying interspersed in the dermal tissue with intense cellularreaction around consisting 01 lymphocytes, fibroblasts and many eosinophils. There were no traces left of thesebacious glands and hair follicles. and overlying epidermis too had started degenerating and disqummating.in the dermis of other sections, through parasitic stages were absent epidermal proliferative and sebacious andfollicular deJenerative changes were evident. Sections from the central portion of the sore lesion, mostly

78presented interlaced bands of the fibrous tissue, with no parasitic stages or accompanied cellular reaction. Thesuperficial fibrous layers had contracted into thin scar tissue. Preliminary attempts made at the serologic:alstudies like circumoral test and circumanal test showed no incouraging results indicating that there was noevidence of generalised immunity in stephanofilariasis. Intra-dermal test conducted with mechanically trituratedantigen also failed. As the purchase of tissue homogeniser needed for antigen preparation was deferred by theProject Coordinator, these studies had to be discontinued altogether.Extension of survey of stephanofilariasis to other areas of islandsThe survey was further extended to other ares in South Andamaus and to areas in North and MiddleAndamans and Car Nicobar.Survey for occurrance of other filarial InfectionsOut of the 97 blood smears of cattle examined for the occurance of other filarial infection, none wasfound positive.However, on postmortem examination of two Jersey and one Sindhi Govt. bulls, Setaria cervi wererecovered from all the three while Onchocerca armi/lata were recovered from one Jersey bultlist of the published research paper during the year 1973DIVISION OF BACT. & VIROLOGY1. Bansal, R.P., Chawla, S.K., Joshi, R.C. and Shukla, D.C. (1973). Studies on lapinised Avianised rinderpestvirus. Indian J. Anim. Hlth. 12: 127-73."'2. Bansal, R.P. and Joshi, R.C (1973). Studies on tissue culture rinderpest virus in lamb kidney cultures.Indian J. Anim. Sci. 43.3. Chandra, S., Kulshrestha, S.B., Bansal, M.P. and Kumar, S. (1973). Immunogenic studies with .'.?hickenembryo Fibroblast propagated Ranikhet disease virus. Indian J. Poul. Sci., 8 : 87.v4. Harbola. p.e. and Mallick, B.B. (1973). Public health significance of clostridial organisms isolated frommonkey. Indian J. Anim. Hlth., 12: 79-80.6. Kulshrestha, S.B., Agarwal, K.K. and Kumar, S.(1973). A note on the Pyoicne typing of pseudomonaspyocyanea of avain origin. Indian J. MicrobioL, 13: 123-24.6. Kulshrestha, S"B., Yadav, M.P .. Prasad. A.K., Verma, K.C. and Kumar, S. (1973). Occurrence of ·respiratorydisease in poultry due to mixed infections of E. coli" Fowl Pox infectious bronchitis and mycoplasma.Indian J. Poul. Sci. 8.7. Majumdar, A.K. and Singh, S.P. (1973). A phage typing schemes for Salmonella Bareilly. Indian Vet. J.50: 1161-1166.8. Mathur. B.B.L., Verma, K.C. and Kumar S. (1973). Serological evidence of chicken embryo lethal orphan(CELO) virus infection in the chicken of Northern States of India. Indian J. Anim. ScL, 43: 91-94.9. Mukhopadhyay A.K., Sen, G.P., Singh, G. and Kumar, S. (1973). EXJ;lerimentalion in mice for evaluationof efficacy of two Brucella vacdnes. Indian J. Anim.Hlth., 12: 49-56 ..10. Prashad, I.J. and Datt, N.S. (1'973). Observation on the use of live and _ inactivated vaccines againstgoat pox. Indian Vet. J. t50: 1-1 O.~

79DIVISION OF PARASITOLOGYOas, H.L., Naithzmi, R.C. and Subramanian, G. (1973). On the larva and nymph of Hyalomma (Hyalomma)marginatum issaci Sharif, 1928 (Acarina: Ixodidae) Acaralogia, 15 : 33-36.dOhar, O.N. and Singh, S.K. (1973). An irradiated vaccine for the control of Dictyocaulus filaria iJil India.In I,sotopes and Radiation in Parasitology III, IAEA, Vienna, 43-50.S.N.S. Gaur and Oeo, P.G. (1973). Effect of Ascaris lumbricoides (Pig and human strains) infection on theblood picture of pigs. Indian Vet. J., 50, 12,1223-1225.Srivastava, S.C, and Khan, M.H. (1973). Efficacy of some acaricides for the control of buffalo mange. IndianVet. J. 50 (10) 984-988.Srivastava, V.K. and Rao, B.V. (1973). A note on the activity of pyrantel tastrate against ga:btrointestinalnematodiasis in sheep. Indian Vet. J. 50 (12) : 1221-1222 ../..Subramanian, G. and Singh, K.S. (1973). Use of nuclear techlilique in the controi of Ascaridia galli in India.Investigations On immunization of one week old chicks with ir~diated eggs. In Isotopes and Radiationin Parasitology III, IAEA, Vienna, 67-71.Subamanian, G., Varma, J.C .• Varma, T.K. and Singh, K.S. (1973). Time course of antibody response inexperimental: Schistosoma incognitum infection in pigs. Indian J. Anim. Sci.. 43 : 223-25.Subramanian, G. and Srivastava, V.C. (1973). A note on the species of Setaria viborg, 1775 reported fromsheep and goats with a description of the parasite found in the peritoneum of goat. RivistaDI Psrasit-ologi8, XXXIV (1) ; 59-62.DIVISION OF ANIMAL NUTRITION1. Bhargava, B., Johri, C.B .• Pathak, N.N. and Ranjhan, S.K. (1973). Standardization of a simple method ofrumen fistulation in ruminants. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 43. 207.if2. Bhargiva, Binod, Krishnamoha, O.V.G. and Ranjhan, S K. (1973). Nutritional value of formaldehyde treatedgroundnut cake for growing Muzaffarnagari lambs. Indian J. Animal Sci. 43 (9).3. Bhargava, B., Ranjhan, S.K. and Singh, !:J.B. (1973). Nutritional value of {'protected" groundnut cake foranimal pr.duction: 1·Solubility of groundnut cake from various sources and protection by tannic acidtreatment. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 43 (6), 495. \/4. Bhargava. B., Singh, U.B. and Ranjhan, S. K. (1973). Protection of groundnut cake protein, with 14 C formaldehydefrom rumen microbial degradation. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 43 (7). V5. Chaturvedi, M.L., Singh, U.B. and Ranjhan, S'.K. (1973). Effect of feeding water slaked and dry wheatstraw on feed intake, cligestibility of nutrients Clnd VFA production in growing Zebu and buffalo calves.J. Agric. Sci. (Camb.) 80, 393.6. Chaturvedi. M.L., Singh, U.B. and Ranjhan, S.K. (1973). Effect of feeding chopped and ground wheatstraw on the nutrient utilization and VFA production in growing cow calves and buffalo calves. IndianJ. Animal Sci. 43. (5),382.7. Chaturvedi, M.L.. Singh. U.B. and Ranjhan, S.K. (1973). Correlation between entry rates of volatile fattyacid and digestible organic matter intake in buffalo calves. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 43 (7).8. Chaturvedi, M.L., Singh, U.B. and Ranjhan, S.K. (1973). The effect of alkali treatment of wheat straw on thefeed consumption, digestibility and VFA production in cattle and buffalo calves. Indian J. Anim. Sci.43 (8), 677.

EO/9. Chaturvedi. M.l.. Singh. U.B. and Ranjhan. S.K. (1973). Determination of VFA production rates in cattle andbuffalo: relatiQnship batween VFA concentration and production rates. Ind. J. Anim. Sci. 43 (8) 70:3.r 10. Chaturvedi, M.L., Singh, U.B. and R~njhan, ~.K. (~973). Comparative studies on the efficienqy of feedutilization in cattle and buffaloes. Indian J. Anlm. SCI. 43 (11)./11. Chaturvedi, M.L., Singh, U.B. and Ranjhan, S.K. (1973). Correlation between volatile fatty acid productionand availability of digestible and metabolizable energy. Inlilian J. Anim. Sci. 43./12. Johri,

DIVISON OF POULTRY RESEARCH/1. Agarwal, S.K., Panda, B. and Mohapatra, S.C. (1973). Interrelationship between egg weight, hatchabilitychick weight, hatching time and holding time. Indian J. Poultry Sci. 8 (2) 103-110.2. Agarwal, S.K. and Panda (1973). Studies on the effect of storage time and seasons on the occurrenceof malpositions in chicken eggs. tndian J. Poultry Sci. 8 (2) 115-123./3. Ahuja, S.D. Mohapatra, S.C., Sharma, P.N. and Ayyagari V. B. (1973). Relative EfficienGY of the intrapopulatio..selection methods for part record egg production in chickens. Indian J. Poultry Sci. 8: 50-58.4. Ahuja, S.D., Mohapatra, S.C., and Saxena, S.C. (1973). Effect of family size and heritability levels on~;'electkm efficiency in chickens. Abstr. III. Indian J. Poultry Sci. 9: 41.5. Amenuddin, S., Stidllgopan, V.R., Rao, P.V. and Panda, B. (1973). Effect of different levels of protein andcalcium on RIR caged layers. Abstr. III Indian J. Poultry S~i 9 : 27.6. Ayodhya Prasad, Sadagopan, V.R., Rao. P.V. and Panda, B. (1973). Evaluation of the requirements ofcalorie protein ratios' for crossbred starter chicks. Indian J. Poultry Sci. 8., 182-185 : 1973.7. Ayodhya Prasad, Sadagopan, V.R., Rao, P.V. and Panda, B. (1973) Effect of simultaneous supplementationof animal fat and methionine to broiler rations. Indian J. Poultry Sci. g : 29./8. Basnet, T,B., Mohapatra, S.C., Agarwal, S.K. and Rao, G.V. (1973). Effect 0f breed, season and storagetemperature on fertility, hatchability, embryonic mortality, mal-positions and malformations of chickeneggs. (Abstr) Indian J. Powltry Sei. 9 : 58.9. Chaturvedi, D.K. anliJ Mukherjee, R. (1973). Studies on fish meals in relation to chick nutrition. " GrossProtein Value (1973). indian J. Animal Production 4 (2) : 113-11 7.10. Chaturvedi, O.K. and Woodham, A.A. (1973). Nuttient requirements of japanese quail (Abstr) IndianJ. Poultry Science 9 : 30.'11. Chaudhary; R., Mohapatra, S.C., Nanda, S.K. and Kotiah, T. (1973). Studies on the efficiency of selection/based on part record to improve annual record egg production. (Abstr.) Indian J. Poultry Sci. 9 : 45.1'2.Gael, V.K., Singh, U.S. and Johri, T.S. (1973). Radio Iodine (131) uptake by the thyroid gJand of WhiteLeghorn layers fed sal seed cake. Indian J. Poultry Sci. 8 : 41-43. .13. Gael, V.K., Venugopalan, C.S., Verma, S.S. and Panda, B. (1973). Lysozyme content of thick egg whiteas related to the internal quality of egg. (Abstr). Indian J. Poultry Sci. 9: 59.14. Gulati. D.P. and Agarwal, C.K. (1973). Optimum poultry management a challange. Indian Poultry Gaz.57 : 81-83, 1973.15. Kotiah, T. and Verm, S.S. (1973). Residual albumen in chicken eggs-some factors affecting its quality.(Abstr.) Indian J. Poultry Sci. 9 : 54'.,16. Kotiah, T., Ayyagari., V.B., ·Iqballuddin and Mohapatra S.C. (1973). Eft quality traits as affected by methodof housing (Abstr.) Indian J. Poultry Sci. 9 : 57.;-17. Mehapatra, S.C., Nanda, S.K. and Ahuja, S.D. (1973). Evaluation of Single crosses for broiler traits.Abstr. Indian J_ Pou Itry Sci. 9 : 51.18. Nanda, S.K. Mohapatra, S. C., Choudhary, R. and Ayyagari, V. (1973). Restricted selection index· in/ 'poultry genetics-consequences of restriction for egg weight, age and body weight at sexual maturity.(Abstr.) Indian J. Poultry Sci. 9 : 40.19. Nanda, S.K .. Mohapatra, S.C., Ahuja, S.D. and Sharma, P.N. (1973). Consequences of selection basedon el:J9 production egg weight, age and body weight at sexuel maturity in chicken. Indian J. PoultrySci. 8 : 264-272.

8220. Panda, B. and Sharma, N. (1973). Inedible by-products of poultry industry. Indian Poultry Gazett-e,57: 4.21. Panda, P.C. and Panda, B. (1973). Quality of shell eggs marketed in India. Indian S. Poultry Sci. Vol.(1):19-26,1973.22. Panda, P.C. and Panda, B. (1973). Bacteriological condition of shell eggs marketed in India. Indian J.Poultry Sci. Vol. VIII (i) 11-18.1973./23. Prakash Babu. M. Biswas, D.L K., Mohapatra. S.C. and Prem Narayan (1973). Studies on the influence ofnew genetic source of variation on the performance traits in three White leghorn strains. (Abstr.)' IndianJ. Poultry Sci. 9 : 43.24. Rao. G.V. (1973). A training programme in day old chick sexing (vent method) (Abstr.) Indian J.Poultry Sci. 9 : 67./ 25. Rao, P.V., Johri, T,S., Sadagopan, V.R. and Panda, B. (1973) Protein requirement of purebred broiler chicks.(Abstr). Indian J. Poultry SCI. 9: 26 ../ 26. Reddy, K.A., Mohapatra, S.C. and Sharma, P.N. (1973). Genetic variation and covariation of sex dimorphismfor 12 week body weight In chickens (Abstr). Indian J. Poultry Sei. (9 : 43).27. Saikia, J.C., Mohapatra, S.C., Sinha, S.P. and Khare, S.P. (1973). ~nheritance of juvenile body weights inmeat type ehickens. (Abstr.) Indian J. Poultry Sci. 9 : 50.28. Sharma, N. (1973). Best utilization of waste poultry feathers. Indian Poultry Review V (12) 457·458,1973.--- 29. Sharma, N. (1973). Curing and smoking of poultry meat. Indian Poultry Review V (3) 159-161./30. Sharma, N. (1973). Preparing cured smoked chicken. Poultry Today 11 (11) 29·31.,./'31. Sharma, N., Mahadevan, T.D. and Panda, B. (1973). Studies on preservation of poultry meat by curingand smoking. Indian Food Packer. Vol. XXVII (5) p. 12-20 ../ 32. Sharma, N. and Panda, B. (1973). Inspection of fDoultry and poultry products for people ptotection. IndianPoultry Gazette 56 (4) 195-197.- 33. Verma, S.V.S. and Panda, B. (1973). Utilizlltion of salseed and products in poultry feed. Indian PoultryGazette, 57 (4)._..,.. 34. Verma, S.S., Sharma, N. and Panda, B. (1972). Studies on poultry by-products meal. (Abstr.) Indian J.Poultry Sci. 9 : 56.DIVISION OF ANIMAL GENETICSLuktuke, S.N., Bhattacharya, A.R .. Singh, S.K. and Khan, B.U. (1973). Studies on aberrations in functionalactivity of the ovaries in buffaloes. Indian Vet. J. 50: 876·881.Narayan, A.D. and Mohan, M. (1973). Studies on the carrelation of horn measurements with some of theeconomic traits in Hariana and Tharparkar breeds of cattle. Indian Vet. J. 50 : 651-653.Saxena, M.C. and Sidhu, N.S. (1973). Spermatozoan nucleus length in four species of Drosophila. Indian J.Anim. Sci. (November issue).DIVISION OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGYPandey, J.N., Joshi, H.B. and Pal, A.K. (1973). Nutritive value of akra for adult sheep. Indian J. Anim. Sci.41 : 100-104.Sanwal. P.C., Joshi, B.C., Varshney, V.P., Singh, K. and Bhattacha}ya, N.K. (1973). Effect of environmentaltemperature on the development of reproductive organs and endocrine glands in pigs. Indian J. Ani.Sci. 43: 645-647.

83Sanwal, P.C., Sen, A.K. and Pal. A.K. (1973). A note on histochemical studies gn alkaline phosphatase activityin uterus of mice on injection of plant estrogens. Indian J. Ani. ~ci. 43: 352-354.Sastry, M.S. (1973). Studies on the toxicity of Bijada cake. Indian Vet. J. 50: 685.DIVISION OF STANDARDIZATIONMataney, C.F., Gupta. B.R. and Iyer. P.K.R. (1973). Isolation of salmonella serotypes from sheep and goats.Indian J. Ani. Hlth. 12: 167-170 .. rewari. H.C. and Mittal. K.R. (1973). Studies on cell adherence reaction with Dictyocaulus filaria larvae.Veterinary Record June 30th: 700-701.Rao. B.V. and Mittal, K.R. (1973). Studies on Hydatidosis in Indian Buffaloes (8ubalus bubalis) I. Someserologgical observations in natural infections of Hydatids in buffaloes. Z. Tropenmed. Parasit24: 476.480.Rao, B. V. and Mittal. K.R. (1973). Studies on Hydatidosis in Indian buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) II. Antigenicityof buffalo hydatid cyst fluid. Z. Trooenmed Parasit. 24 : 481-486.Mittal. K.R. and Jaiswal, T.N. (1973). Conglutinating activity in apparently fl9althv human and animal sera.Immunology 25 (2) : 237-240.REGIONAL ANIMAL NUTRITION RESEARCH CENTRE, PALAMPUR, H. P.Kaushal. J.R., Gill. R.S. and Negi. S.S. (1973). Comfrey- a forage rich in protein and phsphorus. Ind. Farming.Feb. 1973.Pachauri, V.C., Pal. R.N. and Negi, S.S. (1973). Influence of low level of Oak kernels in cattle rations. IndianJ. Anim. Sci. 43. (4) 271-276.Pal. R.N .• Pachauri, V.C., Sharma, D.O. and Negi. 5.5. (1973). Further studies on the utilization of Oak (Quercusincana) kernels in poultry mashes. Indian Vet. J. 60. 493.ALL INDIA COORDINATED RESEARCH PROJECT FOR RESPIRATORY DISEASEAgarwal, K.K., Mathur, R.P .• Mallick, B.B. and Mall. M.P. (1973). Some observation on the field outbreaksof mixed infections of Marek's and Respiratory Disease. Indian Vety. Jour. Vol 6 p.498-500.Kulshrestha. S.B., M.P. Yadav. Prasad, A.K.. Verma. K.C. and Kumar. S. (1973). Occurrence of a respiratorydiseaie in poultry due to mixed infection of E. coli. fowl pox infectious bronchitis and mycoplasma.Indian Jour. of paul. Sci. Vol. 6 : 27-29.Mathur. B.B.L .• Verma, K.C. and Kumar; S. (1973). Serolagicial evidence of chicken embryo lethal orphan(CELO) virus infection in the chicks of northern State of India. Ind. Jour. Ani. Sci. Vol. 43 p.157-159.Mall, M.P. and Nilakantan, P. (1973). Preliminarvobservations on the Haemaggulun inating activity of paste·ur~IIa -Multocida avian type. I.V.J. Vol. 50. No.5.LibrariesTECHNICAL SECTIONSIzatnagar: During the year 1092 books were added. 867 titles of journals were subscribed. Interlibraryloan service was continued which catered to the needs of veterinary college. agricultural Universities.institutions etc. Abstracting service has commenced.

84Mukteswar: Five hundrsd new books were added during the year. Number of periodicals subswibedwas 200. Eight hundred back volumes of journals were also purchased. About 100 reports and bulletins wereprocured. 1800 publications were issued. The library has sent 250 periodicals on I~an to other libraries.3000 publications w'ere consulted by scholars and research staff.EngineeringIzatnagar : The section continued to provide facilities for maintenance and upkeep of s€ientificequipment, electricity, electronic equipment, production and supply of gas, maintenance of imfllements,etc.MUkteswor: The section was engaged on (a) pumping and supply of water (5,500 k. lit.), (b) 2,00,000kg steam was produced and supplied, (c) 8600 cu. m. gas generated and supplied to different laboratories, (d)2,60,000 units of electricity Was distributed to laboratories and Quarters. Efforts were made to repair deepfreezers and refrigerators and some of them were put in working order.Agricultural FarmIzatnagarDuring the calender year 1973, 460.060 acres cultivated land was put under Kharif crops and 316.83acres ul)dsr Rabi crops. 7522.135 M. Ton Green Fodder and 997.229 M. Ton Dry ~Fodder wai produced inabove cropped land during the year for feeding to Institute Livestock. 150.89 quintal wheat seed was producedduring the year 1972.In the process of Mechanizing the FGlrm operation Onlil Ford 3000 Tractor, Rotary Slasher Model FordRanson T.D. 300-7 A., Harrow Plough Model Ford Ranson T.D. 27/4677 Disc.. Fertilizers seed Drill ModelConn Shea (9 ft.), and offse't Disc. Harrow 20 Discs Model M.F. 81 were purchased during the year.MukteswarThe activities of this section are cultivation of fodders, green grass and vegetables and maintenance ofthe apple gardens. During the year, I:Inder report, 78.62 acres in Rabi were sown and sufficient quantity gffodder was produce~ as a result of which the years old hay contract dl:lring the year 1973 was canqelled andanimals were maintained with our own produce.The following quantities of fodders were grown & fed to animals.1. Green fodder 83,341 qtls.2. Silage 3,0003. Cult Hay 1,151 "4. Oats Hay 141 "5. Vegetables 248 "6. Carrot 61 " costing Rs. 3,300,10About 4.5 acres of land was utilised for production of vegetable lliaves for sruall animals and the surpluswas sold to the employees. The Institute earned a sum of Rs. 2,697.30 through the sale of fruits andvegetables.Manuring was done with Farm yard manure In an area of,24 acres and 83.86 quintals of fertilizers, ofdifferent kinds, was used in cultivations.A record production of 3000 quintals of silage was prepared. Chaffed foddsr waS used and about 700qtls. of shafted silage was prepared for the first time.

85Medical SectionsIzatn·agar: Facilities for OPO and indoor medical aid were continued. Other activities comprised clinicallaboratory examinations. vaccination programmes and family planning.Mukteswar: On an average daily 162 indoor and olJtdoor patients were treated. Other activities werevaccination against various diseases, family planning, public health measures, maternity facilities.Veterinary SectionThe main activities of this section are as follows ;_(1) Purchase of animals ; HIli bulls 107, goats and kids 129, sheep and lambs 31, buffaloes 26 andpigs 3 were purchased.(2) Breeding of Lsrge and Small Animals: The total number of births, species wise, were hill kids (105),lambs (14), bull calves (13) heifer calves (18) piglets (3) buffalo calves (1) Tibetian kids (36) rabbits (637)guinea pigs (1280) hamsters (120) and mice (13,500).(3) The animals received, either from I.V.R.I., Izatnagar or from C.S.W.R.I., Avikanagar (Malpura) werepigs and piglets (18), Sheep and Lambs (83) buffaloes (1) Jersey Cow (1) g. pigs (4) mice (6) andfowls (3).(4) Buffaloes (12) Sheep (12) Cows and heifer calves (4) rabbits (300) g. pigs (50) were supplied toI.V.R.I.lzatnagar. The total issues of large and small animals to different laboratories at I. V.R.I., Mukteswarwere; hill bull (107) goats and kids (234) sheep and lambs (128) buffaloes (27) fowls (10) bull calves (10)heifer calves (13) mice (12,309) rabbits (267) g. pigs (678) hamsters (43) fowls (3) and Jersey cow (1).The total number of large and small animals maintained, dUTlng this year, were hill bulls and buffalocalves (415), goats and kids (514) sheep and lambs (290), buffaloes (42) cows and heifer calves (186)Ponies and fowls (80) pigs and piglets (24) dog (1) rabbits (950) g. pigs (3374) hamsters (159) fowls (8)pigeons (26) mice (18,475) and rats (84).(6) From the sale and auction of animals nearly Rs. 36,000 were earned.(7) Seven riding and 6 pack ponies were maintained. A total of Rs. 2,390.80 only was earned from631 comments.(8) Treatment of AnimalsDuring the year, 1952 animals were treated by the Veterinary dispensary.(9) Artificial Insemination LaboratoryAbout 418 cases of dairy cows were treated.were treated, of which 20 cases were cured.(10) Dairy FarmTwenty six cows, suffering from reproductive ailments,The dairy farm consists of crossbred, Afgan/Hill, Afgan and Jersey Cows. The total amount of Milkproduced during the year 1973, was 75.890 litres. The average milk yield of jersey cow per day was 6.1litres and the maximum yield from the best cow was 11.40 litres.Forest SectionOut of a total station area of 3466.8 acres. an area of 2736 acres, devided into 20 compartment; fallsinto forest area. The plantation work of different plants was done during the year and 8,100 plants wereplanted. The resin contract fetched an income of Rs 65.000. Climber cultures, looping of lorantnus infectedbranches and thining in congested crop in M.R.F. and Institute Station was done as usual.

Exhibitions86EXTENSIONThe Division organ isedjparticipated in exhibitions during February 1973, October and December 1973.Staff CoursesThe Division organised five staff courses during this year for the Senior State level Officers of the AnimalHusbandry Departments deputed from the various States of the country as detailed below :-(i) First staff course in Disease Surveillance from 27-12-1972 to 5-1-1973; (ii) Fifth Staff course inAnimal Husbandry from 9-1-1973 to 18-1-1973; (iii) Third staff course in Cattle Production from 12-2-1973to 21-2-1973; (iv) Fourth staff course in Cattle Production from 6- 6-1973 to 13-6-1973 and (v) Second staffcourse in Disease Surveillance from 29-6-1973 to 6-7-1973.All the courses were run with the a ctive cooperation of the various Divisions.Film ShowsFifteen film-shows were arranged during the year as follows :-(a) For Scientific stalf and students 10; (b) For general public 3; (c) For farmers 2.BroadcastsA party from All India Radio Lucknow vrsited this Institute and also Mukteswar campus from 8-2-1973to 12-2-1973. This Division extended every possible help to the party for the recording of the various researchactivities on both the campus. A Radio feature on the activities of the IVRI was broadcast from the samestation on 16th March 1973 at 9-30 P.M. A news item about the inauguration of staff course in CattleProduction waS broadcast in the Regional news real from All India Radio Lucknow on 14-2-73 at 9-55 P.M.Extension Publ icationsTechnical Bulletin No 1 "Menace of Marek's Disease in India" was published in April, 1973 (English)."Open day and Farmers day"An open day and farmers day was organised on 6th and 7th of December 1973. In all about 700 peoplecomprising of students, general public and farmer. visited this Institute during these days and they were takenaround various Divisions and Cattle and Poultry Farms.Advised to FarmersVisitTwelve farmers were rendered suitable advise in respect to their live stock problems.Fourty five parties visited this Institute comprising college students, V.L.Ws., (Gram Sevaks), Farmers,general public and Scientists and they were taken around the various Divisions, Laboratories, Central Museumand Farms, in order to acquaint them with the latest researches and advancement achieved and in progress, inthe areas of Animal Health. Production and Technology.Field ProjectThe Division continued to make efforts towards the educational activities of the field project. Theofficers of the Division visited village Rithoura on few occasions to meet the farmers and discuss with themour proposed activities and arranging technical and non-technical film-shows.

87CONFERENCESThe fallowing conferences were organised at this Institute during the vear 1973 :­InternationalIAEA/FAO Regional Seminar on the applicatioN of nuclear techniques in Agriculture-April 1973.NationalICAR Seminar on Teaching Methodology at Mukteswar-4-8 June 1973.All India Poultry Science Symposium-21-24 December 1973.Bacteriology and VirologyList of Research Projects for the year 1974Code No.B.V.BV 1.011BV 1.13BV 1.14BV 1.19,BV 1.021BV 1 022BV 1.024BV 1.025BV 1.031BV 1.032BV 1.041BV 2.011Title of ProjectsProduction and Standardization cofell cultured inactivatedvaccine against foot and mouth disease vaccine.To study the efficacy of acetyletheleneimine (AEI) asinactivating agent using primary goat kidney corticalinfected with FMD virus.cellsComparative value of saponin and aluminium hydroxidegel as adjuvant in the preparation of FMD Vaccine.Studies on Foot and Mouth Disease Virus in BHK21 ~ CellLine.Survey gf disease simulating Rinderpest.Studies on role of sheep and goats as carriers of rinderpestvirus and transmission of disease to cattle.Serological tests for the assessment of immune response ofvaccinated animals (a) Indirect gel diffusion test (b)Indirect haemagglutination test.Studies on tissue culture rinderpest vaccine prepared iiiLamb/buff calf Kidney cell culture system:To evolve a suitable vaccine against sheep pox.Production of live attenuated sheep pox vaccine and itsfield trails.Survey of bat population rodents and wild and domesticanimals for the existence of rabies infection.Studies for developm:mt of combined vaccine for control ofhaemorrhagic septicaemia and Black Quarter.Principal InvestigatorsCollaboratorsM.C. Pandey, B.S. Negi,I.J. Prasad, R.N. Sharma,A.C. GaelP.K. Uppal, S. KumarP.K. Uppal, S. Kumar,M.C. Pandey, S.K. DasP K. Uppal, S.K. Chawla,5. K. Das, D.C. Shukla,S. KumarR.P. Bansal, R.C. Joshi,S. KumarR.P. Bansal,R.C. Joshi,R.P. B'ansal,R.C. JoshiR.C. JoshiR.P. BansalS. Kumar,S. Kumar, A.K. PandeyA.K. Pandey,B.K. KathuriaS. KumarN.C. Srivastava,P,C. Harbola, S.S. Khera

88(1 )BV 2.022BV 2.023BV 2.032BV 2.033BV 2.034BV 2.041BV 2.051BV 2.052BV 2.051BV 2.111BV 2.131BV 2.141BV 3.01BV 5.01BV 5.02BV 5.03BV 6.011BV 6.014(2)Standardising diagnostic procedures for tuberculosis andJohne's disease in various species of domestic animalsand studying the problem of non-specific reactions.Experimental vaccination against Johne's disease.Production and standardization of A.B.R. antigen.To explore the significance of vaccinated strain of brucellaImmunization of cattle.To find out the possibility of differentiation of animals withpost vaccines reactions from those suffering from brucellosis.Studies on leptospirosis with particular reference to prevalencein the organized farms.Studies on black disease vaccine.Development of purified multicomponent clostridial vaccinefor protecting sheep agaiOl;,t :(a)Entrotoxamia due to C/. we/eM 'C' and 'D',(b) Lamb dysentry due to C/. we/chii 'B'.(c) Blad disease due to Ct. oedemations.(d) Malignant oedema and braxy due to Ct. septicum.Studies on diagnosis of glanders.Studies on mastitis with particl:llar reference to earlydiagnosis of preclinical infection and of disease producedby mycoplasma.Studies on abortion syndrom$ of Farm stock.Disease investigation diagnostic servicebacterial type cultures.and supply ofDiagnosis of mycotic infection including isolation identificationof fungi from pathological condition.Development and study of different cell lines of specialinterest in the Veterinary Science.Studies on transmormation of continuous cell cultures andits implications.Assay of possible occurrence of virus, PPLO and Rickettsiain calf lamb and goat kidney cell cultures being employedfor different vaccines.Studies on serological diagnosis of chronic bacterial diseases.Studies on foot and mouth disease virus vaccine in differentdomestic animals susceptible to this disease.(3)Gajindar Singh.K.D. BhayaGaiindar Singh,K D. BhayaT.P. JoshiT.P. Joshi, S. KumarT.P. Joshi, S. KumarP.S R.C. MUfti,S.S. Kherap.e. HarbolaP.C. Harbola, S. KumarGajindar SinghS.S. Khera,N.C. SrivastavaS.S. Khera, S. Kumar,N.C. SrivastavaP.S.R.C. MurtiS.S. Khera,N.C. SrivastavaA. Sikdar, Gajindar SinghS.K. ChawlaS. K. Chawla, S. KumarS.K. ChawlaGajindar Singh,G.L SharmaM.C. Pandey,N.S, Datt

89(1 ) (2) (3)BV 6.017BV 6.017BV 6.027BV 6.028Studies on contagious Ecthyma and Goats pox and develop.ment of vaccines against them.Studies on rickettsial infections in ruminants.Studies on sheep pox virus.Studies on propagation of foot and mouth disease virustype 'C' and Asia I in buffalo calf kidney and itsimmunogenicity.A K. Pandey,M.N. KulkarniPrivabrate Sarkar•S.P. StnghN.S. Dat!H.N. Chauhan. P.K. UppalList of Research Project for the year 1974BIOLOGICAl·PRODUCTS DlVISIONB.P.4-Cell Culture viral vaccineProject Code No. BP. 4.01TitlePrincipal Investigator:Collaborator:Proiect Code No. BP. 4,03TitlePrincipal Investigator:Collaborator:Project Code No. BP. 4.05ntlePrincipal Investigator:Collaborators:Project Code No. BP. 2.05TitlePrincipal InvestigatQr :Collaborator:Production of R.P. Cell Culture vaccine.Y.P. NandaT.P. ParaiUse of cell lines for titration of R P. Cell Culture Vaccine.K C. SinhaY.P. NandaStudies with cell culture vaccine in buffalo calves and Zebu cattle.Y.P. NandaK.C. Sinha. T.P. ParaiH.S. Adjuvant vaccine-Improvement through aeration technique.S.S. NangiaM.S. YadavEntomologyDIVISION OF PARASITOLOGYProject Code No. PS-1.05TitlePrincipal Investigator:Project Code No. PS-1.06TitleStudies on the effect of Chemosterilants on the reproduction in stablefly Stomoxys calcitrans L.S.C. SrivastavaEffect of gamma radiation and chemosterilanfs on the reproductivepotentiai of ticks.

90HelminthologyProject Code No. PS-2.05TitlePrincipal Investigator:Collaborators:Project Code No. PS-2.06TitlePrincipal Investigator:Collaborator :Project Code No PS-2.06TitlePrincipal Investigator:Collaborators:Studies on the incidence, epidemiology and ecology of Haemonchuscontortus infection in sheep and goats.A.S. ThakurP.G. Oeo, H.C. Malviya, R.L. SharmaEpidemiology, ecology, immunology and control of liver fluke infection.P.G.DeoV.K. SrivastavaProject on immunology of Fascioliasis.G. SubramaniamV.I

91Project Code No. PS-S.17TitleScholar:Guide:Project Code No. PS-6.21TitleScholar:Guide:Studies on Schistosoma nasale Rao. 1933 including host parasitert;)lationship.Smt. Gita BiswasG. SubramanianStudies on the host-reaction and immunology of Schistosoma incognitum(Chandler 1926) infection.H.C. TewariKr. Suresh Singh.ANIMAL NUTRITIONA.N.r. Feed processing and Technology-use of agro industrial by products as live stockfeedProject Code No. 1.07Title of the ProjectPrincip"Il Investigator:Collaborators:Project Code No. 1.08Title of the ProjectPrincipal Investigator:Collaborator:Utilization of 1 ish ensirage as a component of swrne rations.M.M. JavalV.K. Jain. N.N. PathakNutritional studies with deoiled neem cake Phase. i-Determination ofNutritive value of neem seed cake. Phase 2-Neem seed cake as acomponent of growth ration in cross bred calves.S.P.S. BediV.K. VijjanA.N. 2. Cattle and Buffalo NutritionProject Code No. 2.07Title of the ProjectPrincipal Investigator;Collaborators:Project Code No. 2.10Title of the ProjectPrincipal Investigator:Collaborators:Project Code No. 2.11Title of the ProjectPrincipal Investigator:Collaborators:Studies on the growth rate of murrah buffalo calves fed on differentlevels of protein intake.Dr. K. NathDr. U.R. KapQQr, Dr. Miss ChetalGrowth performance of cross bred calves on various feeding standards.S.K. RanjhanD.V.G. Krishna, N.N. Pathak, R.C. Katiyar, P.N. BhatStudies on the trace elements with soil plant and animal relationship.P.C. SawhneyS.A. Khp",

Sheep and Goat NutritionProject Code No. 3.05Title of the ProjectPrincipal Investigator :Collaborators:Pig and laboratory Animal NutritionProiect Code No. 4.07Tille of the ProjectPrincipal Investigator:Collaborator:Project Code No. 4.08Title of the Project:Principal Investigator:Collaborators:Project Code No.Title of the ProjectPrincipal Investigator:Collaborator :Rumen Digestion and MetabolismProject Code No. 5.20Title of the ProjectPrinCipal Investigator :Collaborators:Project Code No. 5.22Title of the ProjectPrincipal Investigator:Collaborator :Project Code No. 5.23Title of the projectPrincipal Investigator:Collaborators:Project Code No. 5.24Title of the ProjectPrincipal Investigator:Collaborator :92Nutritional studies with Barbari goats.S.J. DanielM.L. Saraswat, U.S. Singh, S K. Ranjhan, V P. ShuklaFeeding of liquid molasses and protein supplement to growing finishingswine.N.N. PathakS.K. RanjhanReplacement of groundnut cake with mus~ard c3ke from the swine rations.Phase 1-Growing and Finishing rations.Phase 2·Pregnancy and lactation rations.N.N. PathakS K. Ranjhan, B.C. JoshiStudies on protection of di.etary protein from microbial degradation Inthe rumen.S.P.S. BediV.K. VijjanStudies on the production rates of microbial protein il) the ruminantunder various dietary regimen.Dr. U.B. SinghArun Varma, D.N. Varma, S.P.S. Bedi, V.K. VijjanStudies on protection of dietary protein from microbial degradation inthe rumen.S.P.S. BediV.K. VijjanStudy of the role of acetate and propionate in th~ rni.r~ . fa.t sy.lnh~.s.isof cattle and buffalo by the help of radio isotopes,. 'C.K. WahalU.B. Singh. ~run VarmaIsolation and characterisation of rumen bacteria from buffalo and ca.ttl.~.R.V.N. SrivastavaS.K. Ranjhan

93Post Graduate StudiesProject Code No. 6.04Title of the ProjectPrincipal Investigator :Collaborator:Project Code No. 6.05Title of the ProjectPrincipal Investigator :Project Code 1\10. 6.06Title of the ProjectPrincipal Investigator:Collaborator:Project Code No. 6.08Title of the ProjectPrincipai Investigator:Collaborator:Project Code No. 6.09Title of the projectPrincipal Investigator:Project Code No. 6.11Title of the ProjectPrincipal Investigator:Collaborator:Project Code No. 6.16Title of the ProjectPrincipal Investigator :Collaborator:Project Code No.6. 18Title of the ProjectPrincipal Investigator:Project Code No. 6.20Title of the ProjectPrincipal Investigator :Callaborator :Studies on growth rate and meat quality of buffalo calves as influencedby different.V.P. AgarwalG.V. RaghvanEffect of various planes of nutrition on the growth rate in cross bredand zebu calves.I.A. SiddiquiInvestigations em the utilization of farm grown fodder for milk, production in cattle and buffalo.J.C. GuptaU.B. SinghEffect of tannins on the biochemical aspects of prote,in and carbohydratemetabolism.S.A. KhanP.C. SawhneyBiochemical studies on the effect of dietary zinc

94Project Code No. 6.25Title of the ProjectPrincipal Investigator:Collaborator:Project Code No. 6.26Title of the ProjectPrincipal Investigator:Collaborator:Project Code No. 6.27Title of the ProjectPrincipal fnvestigator :Collaborator:Effect of trace elements (Copper and Cobalt) on cellulose digesti r n.K.K. SaxenaS.K. RanjhanEffect of variable caloric density rations on rumen metHbolism andefficiency of meat production to muzzaiarnagari lambs.D.R. BhatiaS.K. RanjhanThe effect of different dietary energy concentration supplied throughvarious roughage to concentrate rations on the mutton productionintensively fed muzzafarnagari lambs.Hyder flliS.K. RanjhanProject Code No. 6.28Tule of the ProjectPrincipal tnvestigator :Collaborator:ReSP:Jn~ e of urea molasses diet as the main source of nitrogenenergy for chevon production in Barbari goats.Murari LalU.B. SinghandProject Code No. 6.35Title of the ProjectPrincipal Investigator:Collaborator:Project Code No. 6.36Title of the ProjectPrincipal Investigator:Collaborator:Project Code No. 6.37Title of the ProjectPrincipal Investrgator :Collaborator:Project Code No.2. 12Title of the ProjectPrincipal Investigator :Collabo.rators ~Project Code No. 4.12Title of the ProjectPrincipal Investigator:Collaborator:Nutritional value of Dhupa cake as a component of growth rationfor the cross bred animals.B.P.S. YadavU.B. SinghEffect of various levels. of energy on the growth rate of large whiteyorkshire pigs.M.A. RaoYaseen KhanUtilization of Mahua cake as a cattle feed.Arun VarmaU.B. SinghEffect of !'>rotecting Dietary nitrogen on the efficiency with which it isconverted to milk protein.V.N. MurtyQ.Z. Hassan. S. RajagopalUtilization of Urea-molasses liquid feed as a main source of energyfor milk production in crossbred cows (B. indicus X.B. Taurus).N.N. PathakD.V.G. Krishnamohan

95Project Code No.Title of the Project:Principal Investigator:Collaborators:Project Code No. 5.24Title of thQ Project:Principal Investigator:PrepCl~ation/ma.n(iJact(JJe of Ready made fead from urea and molassesimpregnated roughages.M.M.·JayalV.K. Jain, S.K.; RaojhanAssessment of calorific value of DE/ME of Indian feeds and foddersusing Rostock equation and published factors.Gopai Krishnalist of Poultry °esearch Projects for 1974Project Code No. 1.04Title:Principal Investigator:Collaborators:Project Code No. 1.11Title:Principal Investigator:COllaborator :Project Code No. 1.06Title;Principal Investigator ,=Collaborators:Project Code No.1 .08Title:Principal InvestiQator ~Collaborators:Project Code No.1.' 3Title:Principal Investigator:Project Code No.1. 14-Title:Principal Investigator :Collaborators:Project Code No. 2.10 :Title:Principal Investigator:Collaborators:Studies on the optimum protein and energy req'uire'men'ts of differentbroiler breeds.P.V. RaoV,R. Sadagopan, T.S. Johri, K.K. PalNutrients requirements of Japanes1 Cluail.S.V.S. VermaB. PandaProcessing, analysis and quality control of poultry feeds & feedingredients.K.K. PalO.K. Chatuniedi, S.V,S. VermaIn Vitro evaluation of protein quality of poul,try feeds.T.S. JohriP.V. Rao, V.R. Sadagopooleaf protei,n Goncentrate: its preparation & quality evaluation andpoultry feed.O.K. ChaturvediRecycling of poultry industrial waste.B. PandaP.V. Rao, T.S. Johri, S.V.S. VermaAll India Coordinated Research Project on Poultry for Meat.S. C. MohapatraS.P. Sinha, A.P. Pande, K.K. Pal, Iqbal uddin, S.C. Saxena, R.P. Sharma,S.C. Arya, ~.P. Khare

96Project Code No.2. 11Title:Principal Investigator:Collaborators:Project Code No. 4.09Title:Principal Investigator:Collaborators:Project Code No. 4.10Title:Principal Investigator:Collaborators:Project Code No. 5.03Title:Principal Investigator:Project Code No 504Title:Principal Investigator :Collaborators:Project Code No. 5.06Title:Principal Investigator :Collaborators:AG. 1 Animal BreedingProject Code No. 1.02Title:Principal Investigator:Collaborator:Project Code No. 1.03Title:Principal Investigator:Collaborators:Project Code No. 1.04Title:Principal Investigator:Collaborators:All India Coordi-nated Research Project on Poultry for Egg.B. PandaS.C. Mohapatra, G.V. Rao, V.B. Ayyagari, P.N. Sharma, K. Mohan.Satya Pal, S.D. Ahuja, O.K. Chaturvedi, S.K. AgarwalFurther studies on curin€J of Poultry and its effect on transportation.N. SharmaB. Panda, S.S. Verma, K. MohanStudies on the scalding temperatures on defeathering and shelf life ofdressed chicken.S.S. VermaN. Sharma, T.O. MahadevanEffect on intensity of light on hatchabili.ty andchicks.D.P. GulatiEffect ofsubsequent growth ofbreed seasons and hathery sanitation on fertility andhatchability of eggs.S.K. AgarwalP.N. Sharma, S.C. Mohapatra, S.D. Ahuja. A.P. PandeStudies on the economics of broiler production.D.P. GulatiK.e. Tripathi, Satya Pal, P.N. SharmaDIVISION OF ANIMAL GENETICSStudies on changes in the gene frequency and its variance of anautosomal alleles "B" (Back body colour) in Tribolium cautaneumunder random and circular mating systems and associated changes inbody weight.A.D. NarayanP.N. BhatOperational research project on livestock production.P.N. BhatS.K. Singh, M.R. Ansari, R.A. Singhal, Miss Ranjana AgarwalaGenetic analysis of a closed herd or Tharparker cattle.B.S. SharmaP.N. Bhat, G.S. Bisht

97Project Code No. 1.05TitlePrincipal Investigator :Collaborators:Project Code No. 1.06TitlePrincipal Investigator:Collaborator:Project Code No. 1.07TitlePrincipal Investigator:Collaborators :Project Code No. 1.08TitlePrincipal Investigator:Collaborators :Project Code No. 1.09'fitlaPrincipal Investigator :Collaborators :Project Code No. 1.10TitlePrincipal InvestigatorCollaborators :Project Code No.1.11TitlePrincipal Investigator:·Collaborator :Project Code No. 1.12TitlePrincipal Investigator :COllaborator:AG.2Imml'nogeneticsProject Code No. 2.07TitlePrincipal Investigator:Collaborators :Comparative efficiency of selection method using TriboJium as a pilotorganism for testing.Miss R. AgarwalaA.D. Narayan, B.S. Sharma, P.N. ShatGenetic analysis of buffalo herd.H.S. PandeyL.P. NautiyalGenetic analysis of exotic herd.Satish KumarP.N. Bhat, A.P. BhattacharyaAll India Coordinated Research Project on cattle Research Unit.P .. N. BhatS.N. Kaulthik, G.L. KauJ, B.B. Srivastava, R.C. Katiyar, R.A. SinghalAll India Coordinated Research Project on pigs.B.L. RainaO.K. Agarwal, A.K. Chabra, B.S. SharmaAll India Coordinated Research Project on sheep.P.N. ,BhatJ.D. Joshi, B.U. Khan, S.K. Chattopadhya, N.K. Sinha, S.K. SinghR.A. Singhal, B.S. SharmaDevelopment of computer programmes commonly used in AnimalScience Research.R.G. GargP.N. BhatGenetic analysis of Hariana herd.R.A. SinghalP.N. BhatA simultaneous approach to quantitative and quantitative variation in farmanimal research using (a) Biochemical (b) Statistical (c) immunogeneticapproach (d) studies on milk composition in various breed:s of cattleat IVRI Izatnagar.K.J. EapenMiss Asha Aroj, M.C. Saxena, N.D. Khanna, H.P. Singh, H.K. Bhagi,S.N. Tandon, P.N. Bhat, R.C. Garg, G.S. Bisht, S.N'. Kaushik, P.C. DubeyP.N. Bhat [izatnagar.]

98Project Cade No. 2.08TitlePrincipal Investigator:Collaborators:Project Code No. 2.09TitlePrincipal Investigator:Collaborators:AG. 3 CytogeneticsProject Code No. 3.12TitlePrincipal Investigator:Collaborators:AG. 4 .Animal ReproductionPioject Code No. 4.08TitlePrincipal Investigator:Collaborators:Project Code No. 4.12TitlePrincipal Investigator:Collaborators:Project Code No. 4.12TitlePrincipal Investigator:Collaborators;Project Code No.4. 13TitlePrincipal Investigator:Collaborators:Studies on blood groups and biochemical polymorphism in Indian sheep.Mrs. P.P. BhatN.D. Khanna, P.N. BhatGenetic, biochemical and cytomorphological studies in poultry blood.N.K. MazumdarMiss Asha Aroj, V.B. AyyagariStandardization of laryotyping teehniques for cattle.Dr. B.R. BenjaminMrs. P.P. Bhat, O.B. GoswamiStudy of freezability and f.ertilizing ability of bull and buffalo spermatozoa.S.K. SinghM.R. Ansari, N.K. Sinha, P.N. BhatStudies on sub· fertility and infertility in Bovines (Inter Divisional) Project.S.N. LuktukeL.N. Purbey, A.R. BhattacharyaStudies on Anoestrum-Clinical, Pathological, Biochemical and Hormonal.S.K. SinghK.J. Eapen, N.S. Parihar, J.K. Pandey, M.C. SaxenaStudies on cattle and buffalo bull semen.N.S. SidhuN.C. Sharma, M.R. Ansari, T.V. Ratna RaoDIVISION OF PATHOLOGYPT -, Diseases of Large Animals (Cattle Buffalo and wild Animals)Project Code No. PT -1.03TitlePrincipal Investigator:Collaborators :Project Code No. PT-1.043TitlePrincipal Investigator:Disorders of female reproductive system in cattle and buffaloeswithparticular reference to infections.N.S. PariharM.L. Mehrotra, S.C. Das, A.R. Bhattacharya, S.N. Luktuke, Kali Charan,S.K. Singh, AX SinhaQuantitative determination of certain enzymes in tissues and serasamples of clinically affe.cted animals.B.S. Kaushal

99Diseases of Small Animals (Sheep. Goats. Pigs and dogs)Project Code No. PT-2.052TitlePrincipal Investigator:Collaborators:Project Code No. PT-2.0BTitlePrincipal Investigator:Collaborator:Project Code No. PT-2.061TitlePrincipal Investigator:Collaborators:Studies on piglet mortality.C.F. Mataney$.C. Gupta, P.K.R. IyerStudies on the disease problems of Til}elian goats.O.P. PaliwalB.S. RajyaStudies on lamb and kid mortality.O.P. PaliwalLal Krishna, S.B. Kulshesthra" B.S. RajyaPT-3 Disease of avians (Poultry) Turkeys, ducks & wild birds)Projett Code Nq. PT-3 02TitlePrincipal Investigator:Collaborators:Project Code No. PT -3.05TitlePrincipal Investigator :Collaborators:Studies on Marek's Disease.G.C. MohantyB.S.Rajya, R.N. SharmaStudies on Avian Enoephalomyelitis.R.l. SahG.C. Mohanty, B.S. RajvaPT-4 Diseases of Laboratory AnimalsProject Code No. PT -4.01TitlePrinCipal Investigator:Collaborators:Studies on mortality in small laboratory animals.e.F. M8taneyS.C. Gupta, P.K.R. IyerProject Coordinator (RDP)]Project Code No. RDP-3.07TitlePrincipal Investigator:Collaborators:Evaluation of Immunogenicity of indigenous IBV vaccine.K.C. VermaK.N. Kapoor, R.l. SahPP.1 Animal ClimatologyDIVISION OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGYProject No. 1.03Title of the projectPrincipal Investigator:Collaborators:Investigations on the zone of thermal neutrality for Haryana and theirforeign crosses.B.C. JoshiKhub Singh, N.K. Bhattacharyya

100Project No. 1.03Title of the projectPrincipal Investigator ~Collaborators:Project No. 1 .04'Title of the projectPrincipal Investigator :COllaborators:PP.2 Rumen PhysiorogyProject No. 2.03Title of the projectPrincipal rnvestigator :Collaborator :PP.4 EndocrinofogvProieet No. 4.0Title of the projectPrincipal rnvestigator :Collaborators :Project No.1Title of the project :Principal Investigator:COllaborators :Project No.2Title of the projectPrincipal Investigator:Collaborators:Project No.3Title of the projectPrindpal tnvestigator :Collaborators:Project NO.4Title of the projectPrincipal tnvestigator :Collaborators :Project No.5Title of the projectPrincipal Investigator :Collaborators;Studies of the thyroid funetion in relation to climatic conditions.J.K. PandeP.C. Sanwal, B.C. Joshi, N.K. BhattacharyyaEffect of microenvironment on male sexual behaviour of zebu and itscross breds.B.C. Joshi.Khub Singh, J.K. Pande, P.C. Sanwal, M.M. Aaza NasirUse of Biostimulator in Animal production.B.B. MahapatraouD.C. ShuklaSynchronization of heat and control on the efficiency of reproductionin farm animals (sheep, goat, buffaloes) (I) Sheep (ii) Goat.P.C. SanwalJ.K. Pande, V.P: VarshneyClimatic influence on productivity.B.C. JoshiN.K. Bhattacharyya, P.C. Sanwal, J.K. Pande, J. Moustgaard•Studies of the thyroid funtion in relation to climatic conditions.J.K. PandeP.C. Sanwal, B.C. Joshi, V.P. Varshney" N.K. Btrattacharyya, J. MoustgaardHormonal inquction pf JaGta!ifln in barren cows.J.K. PandeP.C. Sanwi!1, V.P., Va!shney, N.K Bhattacharyya, J. MoustgaardReproductive Dysfunction in Ruminants·Buffaloes and Goats.J K. PandeM.M. Raza Nasir, P,C. Sanwal, V.P. Varshney, N.K. BhattacharyyaQigestive Physiology of buffaloes and goats.B.B. MahapatroD.C. Shukla, N.K. Bhattacha'ryya, J. Moustgaard

101Post Graduate TeachingProject No. 6.05Title of the projectPh.D. Scholar:Guide:Project No. 6.06Title of the projectPh.D. Scholar:Guide:Project No. 6.07Title of the projectPh.D. Scholar:Guide:Project No. 6.08Title of the projectPh.D. Scholar:Guide:Project No. 6.11Title of the projectPh.D. Scholar:Guide:Projec~ No. 6.12Title of the projectPh.D. Scholar:Guide:Project No. 6.13Title of the projectPh D. Scholar:Guide:Project No. 6.14Title of the projectPh.D. Scholar:Guide:Project No. 6.15Title I;)f the projectPh.D. Scholar:Guide:Studies on some aspects of reproduction in Barbalii Nannies.Sheopujan PrasadN.K. BhattacharyyaStudies on the supression of urease activity in horse gram (Delichosbiflorus) and on the production of volatile fatty acids and nitrogenconstituents in buff.lo (80S bubalis) fed with different sources ofnitrogen.A.B. Amba PrasadB.B. MahapatroA study on the possible effects of sal meal feeding on the Physiologyof Hy. line Layers.Daya Shanker SinghN.K. BhattacharvyaStudies on the effect of biostimu1ator feeding on growth andmetabolism of sheep/goat.D.C. ShuklaB.B. MahapatroWater metabolism in Hariana cattle and their for~jg~ crosses underdifferent controlled environments.S.K. Sa.xenaB.C. JoshiStudy of upper critical temperature in Hariana and its foreign crosses.Khub SinghN.K. BhattacharyyaHormonal control of the secretion of magnum proteins in fowl.V.K. GoealB.C. JoshiPhysio-chemical status of normal thermally stressed and hormonestimulated eviduct in high and low egg producing fowl.!A.K. RaiB.B. MahapatroStudies on the pharmacological actions of some drugs in bovinetheileriasis.L.D. SharmaN.K. Bhattacharyy~

10zProiect No. 6.191" itle of the projectPh.D. Scholar:Guide:Project No. 6.20Title of the projectPh.D. Scholar:Guide:Project No. 6.21T itla of the projectPh.D. SCho[ar :Guide:PP.7 Pharmacology & Plant ChemistryProject No. 7.02Title of the projectPrincipal Investigator:Collaborators :pP.3 ToxicologyA study on thyroid activity of ruminant under different climatic conditions'D.K. NandyA.K. PalPhysiological behaviour of pregnant Holstein heifers air lifted fromNewzealand to Lndia durmg summer.Mahesh PalN.K. BhattacharyvaBlood and uterine tissue concentration of Histamine, S-Hydroxytryptamineand bradykinin in different phases of oestrous cycle andestrogen induced oestrus in rats.Netra Pal SinghM. SabirChemical and thermacological investigations of indigenous medicinalplants for their anthelimintic activity.M. SabirJ. Lal, S. Chandra, V. Ravi Prakash, K.S. ReoProject No. 8.01Title of the projectPrincipal Investigator :Project No. 8.02Title of the projectPrincipal Investigator:Collaborator:Project No. 8.04TitlePrincipal Investigator: .Collaborator:ss. 1 VirologySurvey on the zonal distribution of toxic plants around the paSlurefield in India and the incidences of poisoning to livestock.M.S. SastryMonitoring of DDT residue in feeds and fodqers of the livestockproducts.M.S. SastryY.P. SinghSurveillance and monitoring of the resid«;Ies and toxicity of organophosohoruspesticides in the feeds and fodders of livestock.Y.P. SinghM.S. Sastry.DIVISION OF BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATIONProject Code No 8S-1.03Title:Principal Investigator:Collaborators:Standardization gf rinderpest vaccine by serological and cell culture.methods.S.G MullickMrs. S.P. Rama Chandhran, V.P. Singh

103Project Code No 8S-1.04T.itle :Principal Investigator:Collaborators:Testing of viral vaccines from production centres.Mrs. S.P. Rama ChandhralllV.P. Singh, S.S. Mullick, D.C. MauriyaBS. 2 BacteriologvProject Code No. 2.03Title:Principal Investigator:Collaborators:Project Code No 2.04Title:Principal Investigator:BS. 3 ImmunologyProject Code No. BS 3.05TitlePrincipal Investigator:Project Code No. BS 3.03Title:Principal Investigator:Collaborators:Project Code No. BS-3.06TitlePrincipal Investigator:Collaborator :eSA'National Collection of Type CultureTesting of bacterial vaccines from production centres of the country.K.R. MlttalT.N. Jaiswal, D.C. MauriyaStudies on evolving potency test for Salmonella abortus equi vaccine.B.R. GuptaProduction of Salmonella diagnostic sera and serotyping of Salmonellacultures.B.R. GuptaStandardization of potency of H.S. Oil adjuvant vaccine in Laboratoryanimals.K.R. MittalT.N. JaiswalStudies on certain serum factors in relation to infections and immunity.K.R. MittalT.N. Jaiswal, D.C. MauriyaProject Code No. BS-4.01TitlePrincipal Investigator :Collaborators:Project Code No. BS-4.02TitlePrincipal Investigator:Collaborator :Establishment of National Collection of type culture centre (a) Viruses.Mrs. S.P. Rama ChandranV.P. Singh, S.G. MullickMaintenance of bacterial type culture.T.N. JaiswalK.R. Mittal, D.C. MauriyaB5.6 Post Graduate StudiesProject Code No BS-6.02TitleScholar:Guide:Immunological studies in fowls in relation to Gram negative bacteriawith special reference to Sal. pullorum, Sal. gsllinarum and E. Coli.T.N. Jaiswal.K.R. Mittal

104Project Code No. BS-6.03Title:Scholar:Guide:Project CQde No. BS-6.05TitleScholar:Guide:Project Code No. BS-6.06TitleScholar:Guide:Studies on the virus specific antigens in rinderpest infected tissues andin cell cultures.S.G. MullickMrs. S.P. Rama ChandharanStudies on certain immunological aspects of Corynebacteriumpseudotuberculosis infections in animals.A.M. JanaK.R. MittalStudies 01) .complement" conglutinin, immunoconglutinin and heterophileantibodies in apparently healthy and infected an,imals.R.N. BhatnagarK.R. Mittal.VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONVHP No.1: Studies on the Arterial Diseases of domestic AnimalsProject No. VPH-1.El2Title of the ProjectPrinCipal Investigator:Collaborator:Project No. VPH -1.03Title of the ProjectPrincipal Investigator:Collaborator:Spontaneous arterial diseases in pigs.•N.P. BhallaM.C.PrasadSpontaneous arterial lesion in buffaloes.M.C. PrasadN.P. BhallaVPH No.2: Studies on the problems of Zo,onotic ImportanceProject No. VPH-2.02Title of the ProjectPrincipal Investigator:Collaborator:Project No, VPH ·2.06Title of the ProjectPrincipal Investigator:Collaborators:Project No. VPH-2.07Title of the ProjectPrincipal Investigator:Collaborators:Project No VPH-2.08Title of the projectPrincipal Investigator:Collaborator:Studies on rickettsial zoonosis. Number changed to 2.04.S.S. GhoshK.R. Mitta'lIncidence of Pyrexia of unknown origin with panicular referenceBrucellosis in human patients in Calcutta.G.P. SenP.N. Khanna, S.S. GhoshStudies on pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) among human patients in U.P.S. B. KulshresthaS,S. Ghosh, H.N. Misra (Medical Officer)Incidence of Toxoplasmosis in man and animals.G.P. SenP.N. Khannato

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106Project Code No. RAN-3.02TitlePrincipal Investigator :Collaborator:Proiect Code No. RAN-4.01TitlePrincipal Investigator:Collaborator:List of the researchTitle of the ProjectPrincipal Investigator :Title of the ProjectPrincipal Investigator:Title of the praieGtPrincipal Investigator:Title of the projectPrincipal Investigator:Title of the ProjectPrincipal Investigator:Title of the projectPrincipal Investigator :Title of the ProjectPrincipal Investigator:Title of the ProjectPrincipal Investigator:Title of the ProjectPrincipal Investigator:Studies on utilization of low grade roughages for economic f€edingof animals (Part II and III)R.N. PalS.S. NegjStudies on nutrient requirements ot gaddi ewes-empty and gastating.V.C. PachauriS.S. Neg;projects of Port Blair (A"damans) for the year 1973Studies on incidence of buffalo stephanofilariasis.V.P. Sharma DeoraniExtended search for possible vectors among flies feeding on humpsore,earsors and navelsore lesions.V.P. Sharma DeoraniMorphological studies of parasitiC stages.V.P. Sharma DeoraniPreliminarY experimental feeding of flies on the humpsore lesions.V.P. Sharma DeoraniStudies on vector biology.V.P. Sharma Deoranilimited therapeutic trials.V.P. Sharma DeoraniLimited histopathological and immunological studies.V.P. Sharma DeoraniExtension of survey of stephanofilariasis to other areas of Islands.V.P. Sharma DeoraniSurvey for occurance of othel filarial infections.V.P. Sharma Dearani.THE FOLLOWING OFFICEaS WERE IN POSITIONADMIN ISTRA TIONName and qualificationsDr. C.M. Singh, M.S., Ph.D. (Mich.)Dr. G.l. Sharma, MS., Ph.D. (Mich)VacantShri R.C. Srivastava, S.A.S.Slui A. N. ChadhaShri K.L. SahShri M.D. PandeyShri AS. VermaVacantShri U.S. JrnaShri Prakash ChandraShri M.K. Mukherjee,B.Sc., Dip. Lib. Sci., M. Lib. SciDr. Ravi Chandra, MV. Sc., Ph.D.DirectorDesignationPrincip!J/·cum-Joint Qirec{crRegistrarSenior Accounts OlticerDeputy Registrar (lVIukt)Asstt. Adm. Officer (Cash)Assistant RegisHarAccounts OfficerStoles OfficerAsstt. Adm. Officer (Mukt.)AsStf. Adm Officer (P & E)LibrarianOtficer·ln-charge, Training Courses.

107REGIONAL CENTRE. HEBBAl BANGAlOREShri S. KrishnamurtiShri R.P. ShuklaAccounts OfficerAdministrative OfficerDIVISION OF BACTEFUOLOGY 8- VIROLOGY FOR THE YEAR 1973Names of Scientists/Research Workers and other alongwith qualifications anddesigna.tions1. Dr. S. Kumar, M.S., Ph.D. (Minn.)2. Dr. Gajindar Singh. B.Sc., M.V. Sc., Ph.D.3. Dr. S.S. Khera, B. Sc.. M.V. Sc., Dip. Bact. (London) Ph.D.4. Shri R.P. Bansal, B.Sc. B.Sc. (Hans), M.V. Sc.5. Dr. S.I(. Chawla, M.V. 5c., Ph. D., Agra6. Dr. P.K. Uppal, M V. Sc., Ph.D. (Agra) Ph.D. (Cantab)7. Shri M.e. Pandey, M.V. Se.B. Shri B.S. Negi, B.Se., M.V. Sc.9. Shri I.J. Prasad, B.Sc .• M.V. Sc.10 .. Shri R N. Sharma. B.Sc., M.V. Sc.11. Dr. P.S.R.C. Murti, M.V. Sc .• D.Sc. (Hungary)12. Shri A.C. Gael. M.V. Sc.13. Shri B.K. Kathuria, G.B.V.C.14. Dr. S.P. Singh. Ph.D. (Leeds)15. Shri Asim Sikdar, M.V. Sc.16. Shri A.K. Pandey, M.V. Sc.17. 5hri R.C. Joshi, B.Sc., M.V. Sc.18. Shri T.P. Joshi, B.V. Sc & A.H. Assoc. IVRr19. Shri P.C. Harbola, M.V. Sc.20. Shri N.C. Srivastava, M.V. Sc.21. Shri K.P. Tripathy, B.V. Sc., & A.H.22. Shri K.D. Bhaya, G.B.V.C.23. Shri D.C. Shukla, M.V. Sc.24. Shri S.K. Das, M.v. Sc.25. Shri O.K. Ray, M.V. Sc.26. Dr. M.P. Yadav, M.V. Sc., Ph.D.Head of DivisionBaeteriologist.Bacteriologist.Virologist.Virologist.Virologist.Virologist.JUnior Virologist.Junior Virologist.Junior Virologist.Junior Virologist.Junior Virologist.Asstt. Virologist.Asstt. Professor (Bact).Asstt. Bacteriologist.Asstt. Virologist.Asstt. Virologist.Asstt. Bacteriologist.Asstt. Bacteriologist.Asstt. Bacteriologist.Veterinary OfficerSenior Research Asstt.Senior Research Asstt.Senior Research Asstt.Senior Research Asstt.Post Doctoral Fellow.Others1. Shri A.N. Chadha, M.A., L.L.B.2. Shri L.R. Sah, B. Com.3. Shri G.C. Joshi, B.Sc., B.E.4 Shri K K. Gupta, M. Com.5. Shri U.S. Jina, (Upto May, '73)6. Shri H.C. Joshi (I=rom June. '73)7. Shri P.S. DUbe. M.A., B. Lib. Sci.Oe.p.uty RegistrarEstate ManagerEngineerAccounts OfficerAsstt. Adm. OfficerAsstt. Adm. Officert.ibrarian

108Medicaf1. Dr. (Mrs) P. Chawla. M.B.B.S.Medical OfficerProject{a)All India Coordinated Project foyEpidemiological Studies on Footand Mouth Disease.Dr. S. Kumar. M.S., Ph.D. (Minn)Shri A.K. Mukhopadhyaya, M.V. Sc.Project Coordina~orAsstt. Virologist(b)All India Coordinated ResearchProject on Goats for Mohair!Pashmtna Production.Dr. S. Kumar, M.S., Ph.D. (Minn).Shri K.K. GoswamiProject CoordinatorStati stical InvestigatorISchemeScheme on tnvestigation into infectiousAbortions in livestock.Dr. S. Kumar, M.S., Ph.D. (Minn)Principal InvestigatorPh.D. ScholarsShri Gajindar SinghShri M.C. PandeyShri AK. PandeyShrj M.N. KulkarniShri S.B. KulshreshthaShri K C. VermaShri R.P. BansalShri A.C. GoelShri I.J. PrasadShri N.C. SrivastavaM.V. Sc. (Final) studentsShri Dilranjan Pratap SinghShri Y.U. Bhaskara Rao>Shrl B. JayaramaiahShri G. ButchaiahM.V. Sc. (Previous) studen.tsShri Asheesh Kumar GanjuShri Katlash Pati ThakurShri Jagdish RoyShri K.S. Shiv KumarShri N. RavindranathShri K.B. DasShri H.C. BaruahShri G. Sharma

109DIVISION OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTSNames of Scientific/Research workers with their qualifications and designations1. Shri K.C. Sinha. G.B.V.C., Associate-ship of IVRI. P.G. Training in Bact. (U.K.) Head of Division2. Shri p.e. G lngulee, B.Sc. M.Sc., B.Sc. (Zool) Serologist3. Shri Roshon La!. B.Sc .. M.V.Sc. Bacteriologist4. Shri Y.P. Nanda, M.v.Sc. Virologist (TC)5. Dr. (Mrs) S. Rawat, M.Sc., Ph.D. Animal Breeder (LAH)6. Shri P. Madhusudan. B.V.Sc., Assoc. IVRI Virologist (R)7. Shri Subhash Chandra, M.V.Sc. Jr. Virologist (R)8. Shri M.l. Ahuja, M.V.Sc. Jr. Animal Breeder (lAH)9. Shri S.S. Jawa, LVP Asstt. Serologist10. Shri R.N. Seth, LVP (Retired) Asstt. Serologist11. Shri S.S. Nangia, 1-VP Asstt. Bacteriologist12. Shri A.S. Narula, M.V.Sc. (Relieved 11.1.1973) Asstt. Bacteriologist1. 3. Sh~\ G~?a\ N~~?li\l, M .\I.Se. A't/~,tt. \[~tQ.tQQ,~s.t14. Shri M.C. Santoshi. M.V.Sc. Asstt. Virologist15. Shri R.P. Misra. M.V.Sc. Asstt. Virologist16. Shri H.S. Mehta, G V.Sc. Sr. Research Asstt17. Shri G. Majumdar. B,Sc., G.V.Sc. -do-18. Shri M.S. Yadav, M.V.Sc. -do-19. Shri I.H. Siddiqui. M.V.Sc. -do-20. Shri T.P. Parai, M.V.Sc. -do-21. Shri V.S. VI han, M.V.Sc.22. Shri Krishan' Pratap, M.V.Sc.23. Shri G.P. Gupta, M.V.Sc.24. Shri V.N. Bachhil, M.V.Sc.25. Shri Arun Kumar Singh, M.V.Sc.26. Shri A.S. Bose, M.V.Sc.27. Shri Y.N. Siddiqui, M.V.SG.28. Shri I.V. Moga, M.V.Sc. (Relieved 1.3.73)-do--do--do--do--do--do--do--do-DIVISION OF PARASITOLOGYNames of Scientists/Research workers with their qualifications and Designations1. Dr. (Kr) Suresh Singh, M.Sc., Ph.D., D.Sc.2. Shri H.C. TewarJ, M.V. Sc.3. Shri B. Patnaik, G.B.V.C., D.V.P., M.S.4. Dr. N.N. Sharma, M.Sc., Ph.D.5. Shri V.P. Sharma Deorani, B.V. Sc .. M.V. Sc.6. Dr. A.S. Thakur, M.V. Sc., M.S., Ph.D.7. Shri S.C. Srivastava, M. Sc.8. Dr. D.N. Dhar, M.V. Sc., Ph.D.9. Dr. P.G. Deo: M. Sc., Ph.D.Head of DivisionS.S.O. (I.V.)Helm-cum-ProjectCoordinatorProf. of ParasitologyHelminthologist, S.D. Project,AndamansHelminthologistEntomologistImmunologistAsstt. Helm.

11~10. Dr. G. Subramanian. M.Sc." Ph D.11. Or. H.C. Malviya, M.Sc .. Ph.D.12. Shri M.N. Malhotra. M.V. Sc.13. Shri V.K. Shrivastava. M.V. Sc.14. Shri R.e. Naithani. M.A .. M. Sc.15. Shri J.e. Verma. M.V. Sc.16. Shri M.H. Khan. M.Sc.17. Shri Ramji la! Sharma, M. V. Se.18. Miss Rizwana Moin, M.Sc.Asstt. Prof. of Para.Asstt. HelmintnologistAsstr. ProtozoologistAsstt. ParasitologistAsstt. EntomologistSr. Res. Asstt.Sr. Res. Asstt.Sr. Res. Asstt.Sr. Res. Asstt.ANIMAL NUTRITION DIVISIONNames of SCientistsfResearch workers with qualifications and designations1. Dr. S.K. Ranjhan, M.V. Sc .• M.S.,Ph. D.2. Dr. V.N. Murty, M.Sc .• Ph. D.:a. Dr. P.C. Sawhney, M.Sc., Ph.D.4. Dr. U.S. Singh, M.V. Sc .. Ph.D.5. Dr. G.V. Raghavan, M.Sc., Ph.D.6. Dr. lnelra Kumar, M.Sc., Ph.D.7. Dr. K. Nath, M.Sc., Ph.D.S. Shri M.M. Jayal, B.Sc. (Agri.) Assoc. IVRI9. Shri B.C. Joshi, M.Sc.10. Dr. P. Kumar. M.V.Sc., Ph.D.11. Dr. Mrs. U.R. Kapoor, M.Sc" Ph.D.12. Shri B.K. Sharma13. Dr. C.K. Wahar, M.Sc, (Agri.) Ph,D.14. Dr. R.V.N. Srivastava, M,V. Sc.,Ph.D.15. Shri S.P. Singh Bedi, M.Sc.16. Shri M.Y. Khan. M:Sc" M.V. Se.l? Shri \l.P. Stn.d

111DIVISION OF POULTBY RESEARCHlist of Scientific Staff {including coordinated project and Centre of Excellence}1. Dr. B. Panda2. " S.C. Mohapatra3. " G.V. Rao4. " P.V. Rao5. " S.P. Sinha6. " V.R. Sadagopan7. ., T.D. Mahadevan8. Shri K.K. Pal9 " A.P. Pan de10. " A. Veerbhadrudu11. " S.V.S. Verma12. " P.N. Sharma13. " S.P. Khare14. " Mohan Kuppuswamy15. " Satya Pal16. Dr. O.K. Chaturvedi17. " D.P. Gulati18. Shri S.D. Ahuja19. " S.S. Verma20. ,. T.S. Johri21. Dr. Iqbal uddin22. Shri V.K. Gael23. " R.P. Sharma24. .. S.C. Saxena25. " S.C. Arya26. " N. Sripathy2]. ~; S K. Agar.wal28. " T. Kotaiah29. .. K C. Trioathi30. .. Nagendra SharmaHead, Division of Poultry Rese.urn"Prof. of Poultry Science'Poultry Breeder'Poultry NutritionistPoultry GeneticistAsso. Prof. of Paul. Nutf.Asso. Prof. of 'Paul. Tecf:l.Junior Paul. Nutritionist.Junior Poul. Pathologist.::Junior "Poul. GeneticistJunior Paul. NutritionistFarm ManagerJunior Statisticianjunior Poultry Pathologist..:Junior Statistician.Junior Poultry Nutridonist..:funior Poultry PhysiologistAsstt. 'Poultry Breeder.Assl't .poultry Technologist.Asstt. Poultry NutritionistAsstt. Poultry BreederSr. Research Assistant-do­~do­-do--do--do--do--do--do-A. G. DIVISIONNames of Scientists/Research Workers with their qualifications and designations,. Dr. P.N. Bhatt, M.V. Sc. (Agra), Ph.D. (Purdue)2. Dr. B.L. Raina, M.V. Sc. (Agra), Ph.D. (Agra)3. Sri S.N. Luktuke, GBVe (Born), Assoc. IVRI, FRVCS (Sweden)4. Dr. D.P. Mukherjee, (on deputation) M.Sc. (CaL), Ph.D. (Agra)5. Dr. B.R. Benjamin, M.Sc. (Man), Ph.D. (Sask.)6. Dr. Gajjan Singh, (on duputation) GMVC (Mad.), BVSc (Mad.)M.Sc. (Vet.) (Mad), Ph.D. (Mad).7. Dr. K.J. Eapen, M.S. (Miss.), Ph.D. (Miss.)Head, Division of Animal GeneticsProject Coordinator (Pigs)Animal GynaecologistSperm MorphologistSperm MorphologistArtificial Insemination OfficerAnimal Geneticist

1128. Sri N,D, Khanna, B,V. Sc. (Bikaner), Assoc. IVRI,9, Dr. N.S, Sidhu, M.Sc. (Raj.), Dip. An. Gen., Ph,D (Edln J10. Dr, Kedar Nath, M,Sc. (Delhi), Ph.D. (Bom.)11. Shri J.D. Joshi, M,V, Sc. (Agra)1 L. Dr. N.K. Mazumder, M.V. Sc, (Agra), P,G. Dip. (Edin,), Ph.D, (Edin,)13. Dr. S.N. Kaushik, M.V. Se. (Ag,s). Ph.D. (Agrs)14. Dr. D.J. RoV, M.V. Se, (Agra), Ph.D. (,4,gra)15, Km. Asha Aroj, M,Sc. (luck.)16. Capt. B.U. Khan, M.V. Sc. (Agra)17. Sri S.S. Bhatia, M.V. Se. (Agra)18. Dr. O.K. Agarwal, M.V. Sc, (Agra), Ph,D. (Agra)19, Dr. R.C. Katiyar, M.V. Se. (Agra)20. Sri A.R. Bhattacharya. FRVCS (Sweeden), M.V, Se. (Agra)21. Shri S.K. Chatopadhya, M.V. Se, (Agra)22. Sri l.N. Purbey, M.V. Sc. (Bombay)23. Sri S.N. Chatterjee (on deputation) GVBC (Ben), P.G. (Muk)24. Sri H.P. Singh, (on deputation) M.Sc. (Patna)25. Sri Satish Kumar, M.v. Se. (Agra)26. Dr. R.R. Misra (on deputation) M.V.Sc. (Agra), Ph.D. (Agra)27. Dr. (Mrs.) P.P. Bhat, M.Sc. (J & K Univ.) Ph.D. (PAU)28. Sri H.S. Pandey, M.V. Sc. (Agra)29. Sri G.l. Kaul. M.V. Sc. (Agra)30. Sri O.B. Goswami, M.Sc. (Agra)31. Sri M.e. Saxena, M.V. Sc. (Agra)ImmunogeneticistProfessor of Animal GeneticsBiochemistAnimal Geneticist (Sheep)Senior Scientific Officer (Blood Group)Animal Geneticist (Cattle)Artlticiallnsemination OfficerJunior Scientific Officer (Blood Group)Asstt. Manager Farm (Sheep)Asstt. Manager (Pig Farm)Junior PorI< TechnologistJunior NutritionistAsstt. Animal GynaecologistJunior PathologistAsstt. Prof of GVnaecologyAsstt. Animal GynaecologistAsstt. Animal Geneticist (8io,)Asstt. Animal Geneticist (Bio.)Asstt. Prof. ot Animal GeneticsAsstt. Prof. of Animal GeneticsAsstt. Animal GeneticistAsslt. Animal BreederSenior Research Assistant-do-32. Sri M. Rizwan Ansari, M.V. Sc. (Patna) -do-33. Sri H.K. Bhagi, M. V. Sc. (Agra) -do-34. Sri S.N. Tandon, M.V. Sc. (Udaipur) -do-35. Sri N.K. Sinha, M.V. Sc. (Patna)-do--do-36. Sri A.K. Chabra, M.V. Se. (Udaipur)37. Sri T.V. Rat~arao, M.V. Se. (Agra) -do-38. Sri B.8. Srivastava, M.V. Sc. (Agra) -00-39. Sri AK, Sinha. M.V. Sc. (Agra)-do-40. Sri R.P. Verma, M.V. Sc. (Agra) -do-DIVISION OF PATHOLOGY1. Dr. B.S. Raiya. B.Sc.. 8.V.Sc., M.V.Sc .• Ph.D. FRVCS.2. Dr. G.C. Moh;mty, M V.Sc" Ph.D.3. Dr. C.F. Mataney, GBVe, M.Sc., Ph.D.4, Dr. Brahm Dutt, B.A .• LVP. Assoc. IVRI.5. Sri P.K. Ramachandran. B.Sc , B. V.Sc .• MRCVS,6. Dr. N,S. Parihar, B.V.Sc .. M.V,Sc., Ph.D,7. Qr. B. Vasudevan, Ph.D.B. Sri B.S. Kaushal, B. V.Sc.9. Sri R N. Sharma. M.V.Se.10. Sri R l. Sah, M.V,Sc,Head of DivisionProfessor (Paultry Pathology)Disease Investigator Officer (Gen.)Pathologist (Nut. Path.) Retired from March 1973Prof. of Vety. PathologyPathologist (Bact. Dis)Jr. Scientific Officer (eM) (Left in June 1973)Asstt. Pathologist (TE)Asstt. 'Pathologist (PO)Asstt. Pathologist (PP)

11311. S(I M.L. Mehrotra, M.V.Sc.12. Sri R.M. Sharma, M.V.Sc.13. Sri S.C. Dass, M.V.Sc.14. Sri D.P. Paliwal, M V.Sc.15. Sri S.C. Gupta, M.V.Sc.16. Sri Kali Charan, M.V.Sc.17. Sri S.C. Mukherjee, M.V.Sc.18. Sri Lal Krishna, M.V.Se.19. Sri LB. Mogha, M.V.Sc.A.D.I.O. (Bact.)Asstt. Professor (Pathology) on leaveVeterinary OfficerA.DJ,D. (Path.)Senior Research Assistant:-do--do--do--do-Post Graduate Scholars1. Sri Nem Singh (Thesis submitted)2. Sri K.P. Singh3. Sri N.P. Bhalla4. Sri R.N. Sharma5. Sri R.L. Sah6. Sri AP. Pande7. Sri P. Ram

114EXTENSION DIVISIONNames of Scientist/Research Workers alongwith qualification and designations:1. Dr. O.N. Kunzru, B.V. Sc. & A H" M.S., (Mich.) Ph.D. (Ohio) Head of Division2. Dr. P.N. Kaul, B.V. Sc. & AH., M.V. Sc., Ph.D. Extension Specialist3. Shri S.B. Lal, B.V.Sc. & AH., M.R.C.V.S. Extension Specialist4. Shri S.C. Sharma, M.Sc. Junior Extension SpeCialistEPIDEMIOLOGY SECTIONDr. C. Natrajan, Ph.D.EpidemiologistOlVI510N OF STANDARDIZATIONNames of Scientists/Research Workers with qualifications and designations:1. Dr. K.R. Mittal, B.V.Sc., & AH., M.V.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D.2. Dr. (Mrs.) Sakkubai P. Ramachandran. B.V.Sc .• M.Sc., (Vet.), Ph.D.3. Shri B.R. Gupta, B.V.Sc., Assoc. IVRI.4. " T.N. Jaiswal, B.Sc., B.V.Sc., & AH" M.V.Sc.5. " S.G. Mullick, B.V.Sc. & AH., M V.Sc.6. " V.P. Singh, B.V.Sc .• & A.H., M.V.Sc.7. " D.C. Maurya, B.V.Sc. & A.H .• M.V.Sc.BacteriologistVirologistAsstt. Bacteriologist( Enterobacteriaceae)Asstt. Bacteriologist(Type Culture)Asstt. ImmunologistAsstt. Virologist'Senior Research AssistantDIVISION OF VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTHSI. No.Name/qualificationDesignation1. Dr. P.N. Khanna, B.V.Sc. & A.H,. D.V.M .• L.Sc.2. Shri N.P. Bhalla. M.V.Sc. (PathoI0gy)3. Dr. C.C.P. Rao, M.V.Sc. (Bact.) Ph.D.4. Dr. G.P. Sen, B.Sc., B V.Sc., M~V.Sc., Ph.D.5. Dr. S.S. Ghosh, B.V.Sc" & A.H., M.V.Sc. (Bact.) Ph.D.6. Shri H.N. Mishra, B.Sc. B.V.Sc & A.H., M.V.Sc., (Bact.)7. " S.B. Kulshrestha, B.Sc., B.V.Sc .• & A.H .• M.V.Sc. (Bact. & Vir.>8. " V.K. Yadav, B.V.Sc .• & A.H .• M.V.Sc. (Bact.). FRVAU (Denmark)9. Dr. M.C. Prasad, M~V.Sc .• (Pathology) Ph.D .• (Path.)1. Dr. C. Natarajan, M.V.Sc., Ph.D.DIVISION OF EPIDEMIO~OGYProfessor of V.P.H.Pathologist (Biomedicine)Bacteriologist (M & MP)Bacteriologist (Zoonosis)Bacte:,ologistJunior BacteriologistJunior BacteriologistJunior Bacteriologist(Food Hygiene)Junior Pathologist(Bio-medicine)Epidemiologist

115Names of Scientists/Research Workers alongwith qualification and designationsREGIONAL CENTBE BANGALOREDr. P.R. Nilakantan, Ph.D.Dr. B.U. Rao, Ph.D.Shri A.K. Sen, M.V. Sc." B.B.l. Mathur, M. V.Sc." S.P. Nair," S.N. SahaJoint Director-Cum-Officer In-ChargeVirologist.Junior Virologist.Junior Virologist,Senior Research Asstt.Senior Research Asstt.Names of Scientists/Research Workers alongwith their qualifications and designations1. Dr. S.S. Negi, M.Sc., Ph.D. Animal Nutritionist2. Shri R.N. Pal, B.Sc., B.V.S., M.V. Sc., Assoc. (lVRI) Asstt. Animal Nutritionist3. Shri V.C. Pachauri, M.V. Sc. Asstt. Research OfficerNames of the Scientists/Research Workers alongwith designation of Port Blair CentraAndamans1. Shri V.P. Sharma Deorani, B.Sc., B.V. Sc., & A.H. M.V.Sc. Helminthologist2. Shri J. Raghavendra Rao, M.V. Sc. Senio r Research Asstt.List of the officers appointed during the year 19731. Dr. G.P. Sen, Baeteriologist (Zoonosis) on 1-1-1973.2. Shri B.BL Mathur Junior Virologist (Bangalore) on 1-1-1973'.3. Shri S. KrishnamurtyAccounts Officer on 19-2-1973 Bangalore4. Dr. P.N. MelhotraJoined as Medical Officer on 8-3-1973.5. Dr. (Mrs.) P. Chawla1-4-1973 (FN) as Medi Officer, Mukteswar-Kumaon.6. Capt. L.P. Nautiyal16-4-1973 (FN) as A.A.I.O.7. Shri A.S. VermaAccounts Officer on 11-6-1973 (FN)8. Shri H.C. JoshiAsstt. Adm. Officer (Mukteswar) on 9-7-1973 (F.N,.)9. Shri G.K. JagwaniJoined as Stores Officer on 12-9-1973.10. Shri A.K. JagwaniAsstt. Adm. Officer (Cash) on 15-9-1973 (A.N.)11. Dr. V.N. MurtiJoined as Animal Nutritionist on 1-10-1973 (F.N.)12. Dr. (Mrs.) S. SeghalLady Doctor Izatnagar on 4-10-1973 (F.N.)Changes in staff1. Dr. G.P. ~en,Bacteriologist (Zoonosi£)2. Shri A.S. Narula,ASSR Bacteriologist (B.V.)3, Shri Gopi ChandraFarm Manager.Handed over charge on 1.1.1973 (F.N.) to join asBacteriologist (Zoonosis) on ~ .1.~3iiRelieved on 11.1.73 (A.N.) to ioin at B.P. Section illP.V.S.!. under the A.H. Deptt. Chandigarh.Relieved on 22.1.73 (A.N.) to join as Forage AgronomistRegional Station on Forage Production, Hissar(Haryana) •

1164. Dr. B.K. GhoraiMedical Officer5. Shri H.K. Qamra.Store Officer.6. Dr. R.C. PalMedical OffiGer (Mukt)7. Dr. (Mrs). P. Chawla,JlInior Medical Officer (Women) Mukteshwar.8. Dr. B.V. Rao,Parasitologist (Extension)9. Dr. D.J. Roy,A.!. Officer.10. Shri U.S. Jina,.Asstt. Adm. Officer (Mukt.)11. Shri R.N. Seth,Asstt. Serologist.12. Dr. B. Vasudevan,Junior Scientific Officer (Calf Mortality)13. Dr. U.K. Misra,Prof. of Bio-chemistry.14. Shri R.C. Srivastava,Senior Accounts Officer1 5. Shri K.L. Sah,Asstt. Adm. Officer (C)16. Dr. G.V. RaghavanProf. of Animal Nutrition.17. Shri P. Madhusudan,Virologist.18. Dr. B.B. Mullick,Project Coordinator (RDP)Relif;,ved on 7.3.1973.Reverted to his parent Department Air Hei'ldquarters on16.3.1973 (A.N.)Relieved on 31.3.73 (AN) to join in the Medical PublicHealth Department Govt. of Tripura, Agartala.Hande(j over charge 31.3.1973 to join as Medical Officer(Mukteswar) on 1.4.1913 (F.N.)Relieved on 16.5.1973 (A.N.) to join his new assignmentas Prof. of Para. in Osmania University.Relieved on 21.5.1973 (A.N) to join as ~ssistant Commissioner(Farms) in the Department of Agriculture.Retired on 15.6.1973 (A.N.)Retired on 11.6.1973Proceeded to join 85 Vety. Officer, Central Sheep &Breeding Farms, Hissar. on 20.6.1973 (A.N).Reverted to his parent department on 5.7.73 (A.N.)Reverted to his parent Department on 31.7.73 (AN)Retired on 15.9.73 (AN) (15.9.1973)Resigned on 15.10.1973 (AN)Relieved on 1.10.1973 (AN) to Jorn as Consultan1(VaCCine Specialist) in Shn Lanka under WHO for aperiod of 3 months.Relieved on 17.12.1973 Advisor to the Andhra Pradesh,Agricultural University.

117TRAINING ABROAD1. Shri H.B. Joshi, Assistant Professor of Physiology for training in the field of Animal Physiology-Evaluation of carcass quality under Colombo Plan to Australia w.e. f. 19.2.1973 to 12.2.1974.2. Dr. V.R. Sadagopan, Associ. Professor for Advanced training in the field of Poultry (Nutrition) in U.K.from 6.8.73 to 24.3.1974 under UNDP (SF).3. Dr. P. Kumar, Senior Scientific Officer for training on the use of radio-isotopes in Animal Nutritionin U.S.A. under UNDNP (SF) from 31.1.1973 to 28.2.1974.4. Dr. D.N. Dhar. Senior Scientist for training Course on the application of Nuclear Techniques inAnimal Parasitology & Immunology in Zemun under FAOjlAEA from 1.10.73 to 26.10.73.5. Shri A.K. Pandey, Assistant Virologist for training in Research and Production of sheep pox vaccineto U.S.S.R. from 1031973 to 10.6.1973.6. Shri R.P. Mishra, Asstt. Virologist for training in Research and Production of sheep pox vaccine toU.S.S.R. from 10.3.73 to 10.6.1973.7. Shri S.C. Dass, Veterinary Officer for an upgrading course in the field of Animal Breeding & VeterinaryMedicine for managerial staff to G DR from 21.3.73 to 7.6.1973.8. Shri A.P. Panda, Junior Poultry Pathologist for training in the field of Poultry Health to GDR from29.5.73 to 2.9.1973.9. Shri S.S. Verma, Asstt. Poultry Technologist for training in the field of Meat Hygiene-specialisation andMeat shops to GDR from 29.5.73 to 23.8.73.10. Dr. B.U. Rao, Virologist and Shri A.K. Sen, Junior Virologist were deputed to Denmark for training inlarge scale production of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine under Danish Aid Programme, w.e.f. 13-2-1973.

ANNlJAL REPORTOFINDIAN VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE,IZATNAGAR/M UKTESWARand its Regional Research StationsBANGALORE, CALCUTTA, PALAMPUR,PORTBLAIR AND SRINAGARINTRODUCTION . .The Indian Veterinary Research Institute has distinction of being. the premier research centre in veterina-.ry science and animal husbandry in the country. Having made a modest beginning in December, 1889, it hasattained the stature of an Institute' of National Importance. It now comprises two campuses and five regionalresearch stations. The research contributions of the Institute in augmenting livestock health, production andtechnology have received world-wide recognition.OBJECTIVESTo conduct basic and applied research on all aspects of livestock healtp, production and technology, 2.to impart post-graduate education including extension education, 3. to develop technological knowhowand innovations fOI production and quality control of veterinary biologicals, and 4. provide expert advice inveterinary and animal husbandry matters.ORGANISATIONAL SET UPThe Institute comprises 14 research divisions, viz. (1) Bacteriology and Virology, (2) Parasitology,(3) Biological Products, (4) Animal Nutrition, (5) Poultry Research, (6) Animal Genetics, (7) Pathology,(8) Physiology and Pharmacology, (9) Veterinary Public Health, (10) Standardisation of Veterinary Biologi.cal Products, (11) Epidemiology, (12) Livestock Products Technology, (13) Experimental Medicine andSurgery, and (14) Extension, besides a Post-Graduate College of Animal Sciences. Besides the two campusesat Izatnagar and Mukteswar, it has five Regional Research Stations viz. (1) Regional Animal Nutrition ResearchStation, Palampur (H.P.), (2) Regional Centre, Port Blair (Andamans), (3) Veterinary Public Healthunit, Calcutta, (4) Foot-and-Mouth Virus Vaccine Laboratory, Bangalore, and Irradiated Lungworm VaccineLaboratory, Srinagar (J & K).IFor smooth functioning of the Research Divisions and Livestock Production Farms, there are administrativeand supporting sections, viz. Administration and Accounts, Libraries, Engineering, Estate Farms,Medical and Veterinary.

2DISTINGUISHED VISITORS1. Dr. J. Romvary, Veterinary Research rnstitute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest.2. Prof. R. L. W. Anvil!) Scientists from VictoriCl3. Dr. R. A S Welch » uNnivezrsit y , ofdWillington,. . ew ea an .4. Dr. Bodil Sparre from Denmark.5. Dr. A. G. Spais with Mrs. Spais, Head of the Department of Internal Medicine, Veterinary Faculty, Universityof Thessaloniki, Greece.6. Dr. ~ajiib Yassiin AI-Rawi, Dir~ctor-General of Vet. Services, Baghdad, Iraq.7. Dr. Sami M. Kassir. Director-General of Animal Resources. Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad, Iraq.8. Dr. K. R. Keshary, Chief Officer, livestock Improvement, HMG, Khumaltar, Nepal.9. Dr. S. L. Pradhan, Livestock Officer, Livestock Improvement, HMG, Khumaltar, Nepal.10. Shri Bhaskar Barua, Secty. to Govt. of Assam, A. H. Gauhati.11. Dr. S. Thuraisingham, Director-General of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Malasia, Kualalumpur, along with12. Dr. P. G. Joseph. Veterinary Officer.13. Dr. E. Heath, Department of Veterinary Biology, Univ. Minnesota, USA,14. Dr. A. P. Rhodes. N. Z. Dairy Board, New Zealand.15. Dr. R. D. Plowman, Regional Director. USDA and16. Mr. A. G. Hashimoto, Agricultural Waste Manager.17. Dr. F. A. Holton and Mrs. Pamela Holton, Biochemistry Division, Royal Veterinary College,london.18. Dr. S. K. Mukherjee )19. Dr. H. R. Arakeri ~ Members of National Commission of Agriculture, New Delhi.20. Dr. P. Bhattacharya )2.1. Dr. James W. Smith, Chairman, Animal Physiology and Genetics, UDA, Beltsville, Maryland, USA.FEllOWSHIP/STUOENTSHIP:The following scholars were receipients of post-graduate fellowships:ICAR SENIOR RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS FOR Ph. D.1. Nem Singh Pathology2. M.z. Ansari Parasitology3. M.R. Prabhakar Biochemistry4. O.S. Singh Physiology5. Jai Krishan Animal Nl,ltrition6. K.D. Pandey Bacteriology7. Smt. Gita Biswas Parpsitology8. Sukh Dev Animal Genetics9. V.A. Srinivasan Bacteriology10. Rajendra Kumar Animal Genetics11. N.N. Pathak Animal Nutrition12. S.K. Saxena Physiology13. Murari Lal Animal Nutrition14. S.V. Vadia Poultry Research

315.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.S.K. BhadulaD.R. BhartiyaK.A. ReddyMohd. Hyder AliS.K. KaulAshok KumarB.N. MohantyC.K. AgarwalV. Appa RaoM.C. SaxenaS. RajagopalR.N. Bhatnaga rK.N. RaoG.R. LoknathUma Kant SharmaH.K. SrivastavaI.S.D. DwivediV.A. KulkarniS.K. JainT.R. NamboothripadN.C. JoshiV.D. PadmanabanS.S. SharmaSmt. Sakti ChakarbartiAK. Batabyal-Animal GeneticsAnimal NutritionAnimal Genetics PoultryAnimol NutritionAnimal GeneticsBiochemistryGynaecologyPoultry SciencePoultry ScienceAnimal GeneticsAnimal NutritionBacteriologyPoultry Scienc~Animal GeneticsPathologyPoultry ScienGeAnimal GeneticsPhysiologyPhysiologyAnimal GeneticsAnimal NutritionBacteriologyGynaecologyAnimal GeneticsAnimal Genetics BreedingICAR JUNIOR RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS FOR M. V. Sc.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.Balraj SinghGynaecologyR.N. SinghAnimal Genetics BreedingA.K. SachadevaPoultry ScienceR. Mallikarjuna Rao Animal NutritionS.K. PaliPoultry ScienceD. Chaudhari -do-N. Kondaiah -do-A. Gabrial Raj -do-R.C. Keshri-do-B.N. RaoAnimal NutritionR .S. ChillarAnimal Genetics BreedingK.N. GowalPathologyU.K. SinhaPoultry ScienceR. Venakanandan BiochemistryM. Rehman Physiology (Animal)M.J. ChristopherBiochemistryN.S. NairPoultry Science

18. A.K. Srivastava19. H.P. Srivastava20. C.R. Kanvikar2-'. B.A.Odedra22. Y. Eswaraiah23. S.R. Singh24. Dinanath Prasad25_ Ramesh Somvanshi26. P. Renganathana27. G.S. PandeyPoultry Science-do--do-Animal Genetics BreedingGynaecologyAnimal Genetics BreedingPoultry SciencePathologyPoultry SciencePathology1. Dr.N.N.Pa.hak2. Dr·. Nem SinghPOST DOCTORAL FELLOW9 HIP OF I.V.R.1.Animal NutritionPathologyMERIT SCHOLARSHIPS OF THE l.V.R.l. -for""Ph.-U. -(~an./4 toLJec.-/4)1 . K. S. ChillarAnimal Nutrition2. C. V. S. RawalGynaecology3. A, V. RaiPhysiology4. V.~Rama Subha ReddyPoultry Science5. H'. K. Pradhan - Pathology6. A. VenkatramianPoultry Science7. Ayodhya PrasadPoultry Science8. M. M. SaxenaAnimal GeneticsMERIT SCHOLARSHIPS OF THE I.V.R.I. FOR M. V. Sc.1. C. Mohapatra2. Netra Pal Singh3. S. M. Sri\iastava4. J. N. ·Singh5_ V_ D. Bulbule6. V. P. Singh7. M. S. Saxena8. D. K. Nandy9. P. D. Desai10. C. P. Srivastava11. M. C. Yadav12. K. V. Raghunandan13. K. T. Sampath14. B. B. Sinha15. N. Ravindranath16. Das- Narayan Singh17 _ Ram Krishna Singh18. t A. K. Singh19. R. P. Singh20. J. C. BiswasPoultry SciencePharmacologyAnimal GeneticsBiochemistryPoultry ScienceAnirn~1 Genetics & BreedingGynaecologyAnimal Physi_ologyPoultry SciencePathologyAnimal Genetics & BreedingAnimal Genetics & BreedingAnimal NutritionAnimal NutritionBacteriologyGynaecologyPathologyPathologyPoultry ScienceAnimal Genetics

5C. S. I. R. FELLOWSHIP-Ph. D. COURSE1. Shiopujan Prasad Physiology2. B. B. Rathore Pathology3. A. K. Mishra Parasitology4. L. D. Sharma Physiology5. A. M. Jana Bacteriology6. Gopal Krishna Sasarla PathologyATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION-Ph. D. COURSE1. P. S. SrivastavaParasitologyCOLOMBO PLAN (M. V. Sc.)1. S. K. Shreshta2. B. K. Jha3. K. R. SharmaGynaecologyGynaecologyParasitology.OBITUARYThe Institute records with grief the sad and untimely demise of Dr. P. R. Nilakantan, Joint Director,I.V.R.I. Regional Station, Bangalore. Dr. P. R. Nilakantan pr~ceede~ to Denmark on a study tour ~nder Indo­Danish programme in May '74 for one month. After completion of his programme, on homeward Journey, heexpired in Rome on 18-6-74.INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION IN RESEARCHThe WHO/FAO Reference Centre on Brucellosis has rendered useful service to various laboratories. Thenuclear research laboratories (UNDP/IAEA) (1) Irradiated Lungworm Vaccine, (2) Nutrition and Metabolism,and ~3) Physiology and Endocrinology have successfully completed their first term. The PL-480 Project onBovine Lymphosarcoma/Leukemia particularly in Indian Buffaloes has successfully completed its term (evenextended beyond 5 years). The work has received recognition at international level. The Centre of Excellencefor 'Advanced Studies in Poultry Breeding and Production has been functioning successfully for the 2ndterm with UNDP/UNESCO collaboration. Recently the University of Utrecht (Netherlands) has soughtcollaboration in post-graduate education.CONCESSIONS FOR SCHEDULED CASTE/SCHEDULED TRIBES CANDIDATESThe reservation order for scheduled castes/schedules tribes candidates in the matter of employment tothe various posts has been foliowed. All the posts upto class I in the scale of Rs. 1500-2000 and below areopen for scheduled castes/scheduled tribes candidates according to usual quota reserved for them.As per reservation order 52 class III and class IV posts were reserved for scheduled castes/scheduledtribes candidates. Out of these 14 posts have been filled up. Action is being taken to fill up the remainingvacancies mentioning specifically the reservation order.I n regard to post-graduate education 20% of seats were reserved for such candidates. In response toadvertisement for admission to M. V. Sc. programme only one candidate applied and admitted. There is aconcession of relaxation of 5% marks for such candidates. Provision also exists for award of fi.nancial assistanceby way of IVHI Junior and Senior Research Fellowships.

6FINANCESIZATNAGAR CAMPUSRECEIPTSale of Biological ProductsSale of AnimalsSale of DairyOther Miscellaneous ReceiptsExpenditure for the Year. 1974Rupees17,79,268.8339,332.662.06.780.927 ,23, 138.56Total Receipts 27,48,520.97RupeesSalaries and T. A. etc of officersand s'aff (Non Plan)Assets including purchase of animalsFeed and up keep of animalsCost of chemicals & glasswaresOther Misc. expenditure8. P. Division including pay & P. A. etc.Expansion of I. V. R. I. and its P. G. College ofAnimal Sciences under the IVth & Vth five year Plan(U. N. D. P. Project)Research Schemes met out of A. P.Cess fundP. L. 480 SchemeI. C. A. R. FellowshipPension and other retirementbenefitsAll I ndia CoordinatedProjects (Farm Jany., 74 to March, 74)65,16,901.5915.91,126.568,05.642.873,46.340.5516,42.338.1013,62,552.0164.04,897.801,66.093.2540.048.0561,208.122,65,741.7779,061.018,66,415.74Grand Total 20.148.367.42Non Plan ExpenditureMain rnstituteB. P. DivisionP. L. 480 SchemePension and Retirement BenefitSUMMARYRupees1,09.02.349.6713.62.552.0161,208.1279.061.01Grand Total NonPlan Expenditure 12,4,05, 170.81Research Schemes met out of A. P. cess fund 40.048.05Total of A. P. Cess Fund Scheme R--s.-4-

7Plan ExpenditureRupeesExpansion of I. V. R. I. and Its P. G. College ofAnimal Sciences under the fifth five Year PlanAll India Coordinated Research ProjectsI. C. A. R. Fellowships64,04,897.80866,415.74266,741.77Total of Expenditure 75,37,055.31Centre of Excellence for advancestudies in Pou ltry Production 1,66,0.93.25Grand Total 2,01,48,367.42MUKTESWAR CAMPUSNon PlanPay of Officers.Pay of Establishment.Allowances & Honoraria etc.Travelling Allowances.Interim Relief.Leave Salary, Pension contribution.Other Charges.Grant-in-aid.Scholarshipifellowship of the Institute.Other expenditure on a/c of 3rd PayCommission recommendations.Scholarship/fellowship of the lCARPension & other retirement benefitsSeminar & conferences.Rupees2,95,347.3517,76,737.506,91,923.2127,175.3525,466.905,974.458.53,349.736,545.001,787.102.57,817.3539.42,063.9428,300.801,29,833.30EXpansion of I. V. R. I. under fourth five year PlanPay of Officers.Pay of Establishmen.t.-:Allowances & Honora'ria etc.Travelling Expenses.Interim Relief.Other Charges.Other expenditure on a/c of 3rd Paycommission recommendations.Leave salary & Pension contribution.13.687.8011,141,408,576,352,362.551,989-.305,28,831 .854,000.00-Nil-5,70,589.25All India Co-ordinated Research Project for Epidemiological studiesof Foot and Mouth Disease.Pay of Officers.Pay of Establishment.15,464.1010,794.45

8Allowances & Honoraria etc.Travelling expenses.Intel im Relief.Leave Salary & Pension contribution.Other Charges.Other expenditure on alc of 3rd Paycommissions recommendations.5,774,403,307.90(-) 206.75-Nil-13,296.4.5All India Co-ordina.ted Project for Goat MohairjPashmina Project(Plan)' Grant~in-aid.Pay of Officers.Pay of Establishment.Allowances & Honoraria etc.Travelling expenses.Interim Relief.Leave Salary & Pension contribution.Other charg€s.Other expenditure on alc af 3rd paycommission recommendations.Total Non-Plan.Total Plan.Total Centrally sponsored Schemes (Plan).Total co-ordinated Project (Pian).Total ICAR Fellowship/Scholarship.Total Pension & other retirement benefits.Total Seminar & conferences.13,680.3070,778.6527,348.701,63'1, 101,672.6023,247.9011,566.051,49,929.3039,42,063.947,70,092.3028,300.801,29,833.3048,70,290.34'Statement showing the receipts during the calender year 1974.Sale of Sera and Vaccine.Dairy prodL!cts.POL!ltry Products.Sale of fruits Plants & Vegetables etc.Rent including water & electricity.Application fee, tuition fee & Ceploma charges.Miscellaneous.34,436.0263,80B.643,326.203,081.0676,051.223,795'001,78,842.041,192.60-4.... 9--,-=5=77.75--3~63,340.18-

9SUMMARY OF DIVISiONAL REPORTSBacteriology and VirologyInitial trials have been conducted on replication of FMD virus types '0', 'A', 'C' and Asia-I in BHK 21 -C1 13cell system. A monovalent saponified gel vaccine against types '0', 'A' and Asia-I was prepared and tested forsterility and safety in animals. Calfhood vaccination studies gave encouraging results.Further work was conducted on transmission of rinderpest from cattle to sheep and goat. Limited studiesrevealed that sheep infected with virulent rinderpest virus did not transmit the infection. The T. C. R. P.virus was serially passaged 4 times in lamb kidney cell cultures making a total of 8 passages. Pre and Postvaccination sera samples were tested.Studies were conducted to propagate attenuated sheep pox virus (RM65). The virus has undergone 7serial passages. CPE was observed 36 hours later and more pronounced in lamb testicle cultures.Work was continued on screening of sera for rabies. In view of observations on epidemiological findingof presence of rabies antibodies in equine sera,41 bovine and 36 pig serum samples were screened. Out ofthese 3 bovine sera and 1 pig serum were found positive for the rabies neutralizing antibodies.Work is in progress to pro­The Tissue culture unit continued to maintain and supply various cell lines.duce BHK cells on a large scale with MSP growth system.Testing of animals for tuberculosis a.nd Johne's disease was continued. Brews of tuberculin and johninwere tested and production targets were achieved.Three strains of Actinobacillus mallei received from Holland and 5 available were studi ed for culturaland biochemical characters. Studies were conducted to compare lOP Mallein reactions elicited by poniessensitized with China-5 with those sensitized with Yugoslavian strain. It was found that the latter inducedmore pronounced sensitivity. Production of lOP mallein was continued.Production of Brucella antigen was continued. Rose Bengal Plate test was compared with STT, MET andCFT. 998 sera samples were screened for antibody against brucella.Three organised fa rms were selected for investigation on the prevalence of leptospiras and rate ofpremature births and ,abort ions was determined. 425 serum samples were screened.Studies were conducted on infectious abortions in farmstock. Data on incidence of abortions wasanalysed. Bacteriological and serological examinations of morbid material yielded isolates viz. Listeria monocytogenes,corynebacterium sp. Brucella melitensis, and Salmonella sp.' Further work was conducted onlisteriosis.Investigations were conducted on cases of mastitis in exotic Jersey cow at one farm. The affected quartersof 2 cases, and an apparently recovered animal yielded Staph aureus (coagerlase positive) strain from theirmilk samples. Five indirect test were compared with the somatic cell counts. Certain bacterial agents of pathologicalsignificance were isolated from morbid material.Studies on mycotic infections were continued. Aspergillus {favus was isolated from a feed sample andfrom the liver of guine] pigs. Skin infection of Pashmina goats were treated. Candida albicans was isolatedfrom a reported mortality in ducks. Certain human cases were also examined for mycotic infections.

10Biological ProductsThe Division has been engaged on large scale production of biological products, improvements in productiontechniques with a view to augment production of quality biologicals and small laboratory animalproduction. The details of various biological products manufactured and issued during the year have beengiven in the text.Parasitology ,Experiments were carried out to determine the doses of gamma-radiation required to induce sterility indifferent species of ticks including its effect on its developmental stages and the effect of chemosterilants inticks.The adults of Argas persicus emerging from 2nd nymphal stages exposed to 4000r and 2000r weresterile and at 1000" the sterility obtained was of low order.The engorged females of Boophilus microplus on exposure to 10,000, 5000r and 4000r laid nonviableeggs, Exposure from 1 ,000r to 3,000r produced low percentage of viable eggs.The larvae (12 days Old) of Hyalomma (H) a. anatolicum did feed when exposed to 4000r and at 2000r1 OOOr, 500r and 250r, the percentage of larvae engorged was 21.3%, 44.7%, 48.4% and 52% respectively ascompared to 72% in the control group.The larvae (6 days old) of Rhipicephalus sauguineus on exposure to 1 OOOr to 4000r fatled to engorgedbut only 5% of the larvae engorged which were exposed to 500r as compared to 5% engorgement obtainedin the control group.The chemosterilant tepa was found to induce sterility to some extent in Argas persicus which wereexposed to paper treated @ 40mg,900 sq. cm. as judged from the egg laying and its hatching pattern.Experimental studies on the Haemonchus contortus larval burden on pasture revealed that infective stagelarvae of H.contortus developed in large numbers in experimental plots from July, 1974 to December, 1974.Temperature and humidity for e"ery month were also recorded to forecast the infection of H.contortus andto correlate these data with studies on larval burden of p3sture. Clean lambs born in the sheds were usedas tracer lambs and allowed to graze with other infected animals. The average e.p.g. of these lambs was highestin August and September and then it continuously decreased. Efforts were made to control gastro-intestinalnematode infection by use of Banminth II. With a single dose of Banminth II. 22 animals out of 27 treatedwere found free from infection. The drug was 81.5% effective.The objectives, which were fulfilled dUring the year, ir.cluded isolation and maintenance of field strains ofTheileria annulata in tick vectors and bovine hosts and invitro cell culture of the parasite. The strains ofT. annulata were isolated from Agra, Lucknow and Meerut.The infected lymphocytes were grown in Ecgles Minimum Essential ME.dium supplemented with 20~~neonatal calf serum and 5 mm glut2mine.The three field strains appeared to have similar virulence in as much as 50 infected nymphs of Hvalomma(H.) a. anatolicum caused a fatal disease in all the cases whereas 15 infected nymphs caused a moderateinfection with all the three stlains.The clinical parasitology section has been created, During the ye~r quantitative method of Estimatingfaecal eggs per gram has been worked out besides keeping the parGsite burden in livestock very low, anoutbreak of schistosomiasis h~s been attended and control me2sures worked out.

I IStudies on Mechanism of ImmunityThe antigenic make up Dictyacaulus filaria studied by Ouchterlay agar gel diffusion technique showedseveral precipitin lines in sera from lambs infected with normal larvae, while fewer bands were observed insera from vaccinated lambs. No evidence of sharing antigens in eggs, larvae, excretary and secretory productsand the whole worm extract was obtained.Peritoneal cells from passively sensitized mice showed a strong adherance to the larvae. The cytophilisand opsonic antibodies were not detected in rabbit, guinea-pig ilnd sheep antisera.Red blood cells labelled with 51 Cr. were used to study the pathophysiology of Schistosoma incognitum.There was no evidence of blood loss in the infected animals.The production of radiation attenuated lungworm vaccine is being continued. The vaccine has beensupplied to Royal Government of Bhutan and Uttar Pradesh Government.!JPathologyGross and histopathologic_al studies were conducted on 44 repeat breeder cows to find out the disordersof female reproductive system. Lesions and involvement of various organs have been desc ribed. Studies onpiglet mortality indicated that highest mortality occured in piglets upto 4 weeks of age. Studies were conductedon disease problems of Tibetian goats. Parasitic enteritis was found to be common. Diseaseconditions and mortality pattern in lambs and kid was studied and described.Studies were carried out on the role of infectious bronchitis virus in reproductive failure in chickens.Histopathological examination showed lesions suggestive of IBV infection in 102 birds out of 450. Resultsof the studies on pathology of avian mycoplasmosis in chickens with special reference to mycoplasmal salpingitishave been presented.Further work on Marek's disease was carried on estimation of alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehrogenase,and cholinesterase in sera and nervous tissues. The details have been described. Work on avian encephalomyelitis(AE) comprised pathogenesis of AE infection using immunofluorescent method, and transmission ofAE in chicks using different routes of inoculation. Studies were conducted on evaluation of the immunogen i­city of indigenous strain of infectious bronchitis virus. The passage was carried out in chickens obtainedtrom PPLG-free flock. The results have been encouraging.Work on mortality pattern in small laboratory animals was confined to mice, rats, guinea-pigs, andrabbits.Disease investigation and diagnostic facilities were extended to all state/central organisation.Veterinary Public HoalthStudies were continued on spontaneous coronary lesions in local pigs and buffaloes. Studies inrickettsial zeonosis revecled presence of Q-fever antibodies in local population in a limited area. Work wascarried out on pyrexia of unknown origin. Bacteriological studies on meat and meat products with specialreference to public health aspects. Work on luterotoxin production by staphylococcal isolates from man andfood was carried and their potential on health hazard assessed. Attempt has been made to standardize amethod for detection of salmonellp organism in milk.Standardization of Veterinary Biological ProductsFurther work was carried out on correlation between the presence of H. I. antiolodies and resistance tochallenge with rinderpest virus. Results of CF test using antigens prepared from tissues of infected rabbits,goats and buffalo calves have been reponed. Trials of potency testing of HS adjuvant vaccines were carried

12out in rabbits. Studies were carried out on immunoconglutinin and heterohaemagglutinins were carried outin sera of rabbits. Studies were carried out on buffalo complement and results reported. Potency test ofSalmonella abortus equin vaccine was successfully carried out in mice. A number of salmonella cultureswere serotyped. Six virus vaccines and four bacterial vaccines were tested for sterility. safety and potency.and various viral and bacterial type cultures were supplied.EpidemiologvRetrospective studies on the pattern and 'frequency of diseases of exotic cattle were continued.The salient findings are:1. The overall mortality rate was found to be 17.37%.2. A comparison of the mortality experience in imported and Farm-born groups indicated that in Red-danes.the imported animals had suffered. more deaths than the Farm-borns.3. Deaths in females. especially in the Farm-born groups were significantly higher than those in males. inall the three agegroups considered. /4. The high mortality viz. 43.71% observed in Jersey animals of 0-1 year age group was found to be dueto Foot and Mouth Disease and pneumonia.5' The mortality in both males and females has been more in less than one year age group in Jerseys andRed-danes. In Holstein-Friesian. however there was no significant difference in females of the two groups.whereas there is a marginal significance (P. 0.01) in males-deaths being more in 0-1 year as compared to1-2 year age group. .Animal NutritionThe utilization of certain industrial by-products hitherto going waste. was attempted as cattle feed.Research was carried out on Ncem seed oil cake, which was found unpalatablA to cattle. subjecting it tocertain processings to make it palatabte and it was found that soaking in 1 % caustic -:;oda solution in the ratioof 1: 10 (W/V) and washing with water made it palatable. Preparation of urea mola~ses impregnated roughagesby hand operated baling press has been attempted Research work on cattle and buffalo nutrition showed thatbuffalo calves registered normal growth even on low protein rations (65% of the accepted NRC standards)provided they were adequate in energy. Costly protein supplements could thus be saved. Cross-bred Holsteinx Hariana and Brown Swiss x Hariana calves did not thrive on lower feeding standards as prescribed by NRC(1971) as compared to those prescribed by NRC (1966) indicating thereby that the scaling down of the oldstandards for cross bred calves was not warranted. Utilization of urea molasses liquid feed for milk production incross-bred cows has been shown to be feasible. although the milk yield was slightly adversely affected. Attemptis now being made for using urea molasses diet in combination with maize so that milk yield is not affected.Liquid urea molasses feeding with poultry droppings and groundnut cake for growth production in cross-bredand buffalo calves have given encouraging results. Sal (Shorea robusia) seed meal. when incorporated in theration of milch cows at the rate of 1 % of the green berseem fed ad lib, maintained the milk yield and live weight0;' animals. Trace element survey in soil. plant and animals has been carried out in Himachal Pradesh and Teraiarea of U. P. in respect of copper. zinc and manganese. Animals in Terai area were found to be low inhaemoglobin. In an experiment to study the production rates of micorbial protein in the rumen of buffalo-calvesmaintained on green maize JOdder. it was found that the ploduction rate was 90.20± 4.17mg/min. and wassignificantly correlated with dry matter consumption. nitrogen intake. digestible organic matter. total volatilefatty acids and ATP formed in the rumen.Differences in the utilization of 14C-acetate. 14 Co - propionate and 3H-glucose for the synthesis of milk fat,milk casein. milk lactalbumin and milk lactose were studied in lactating cows and buffaloes and it was foundthat the total percent incorporation of 14C propionate and 3H-glucose was 3 to 4 times higher in miik lipids ofbuffaloes as comp

gram negative & belonged to genera Ruminococcus. The stra ins dig not utill~e st~rchcellulose fermentation test.but were positive forpoultry Research DivisionA test cross involving four broiler strains was undertaken. The various characteristics viz. body weight,egg production, feed efficiency etc. were recorded. In area of poultry nutrition, work w~s concentrated onrecycling of poultry wastes, substitute feeding-stuff, their utilization and quality control, and nutrientrequirement of poultry.In order to study different methods of processing and keeping quality of chicken sausages at differenttemperatures, four different treatments were given, and the results have been reported. Studies were carried outon egg coating oils. Research on keeping quality of smoked and cured chicken showed that curing was thebe~t method for preservation of poultry meat. Efforts were made to plOduce and utilize poultry by-productmeal and feather meal in poultry rations.Animal GeneticsStudies were conducted on changes in the gene fr€quency and its variance of an autosomal allele 'b'(black body colour) in Tribolium castaneum under random and circular mating system and associated changesin body weight.Effects of various genetic and non-genetic factors on quantitative traits of Tharparkar cows werestudied using least square analysis. Studies on I mmunogenetic and biochemical genetics comprised analysis of650 sa'mples for serum cholesterol and 260 for pliosphomonoestrases. 200 sahiwal blood samples were bloodtyped with the available blood typing reagents. 311 pure-bred Muzaffarnagari sheep were typed for haemoglobinand transferin. Work on standardization of karyotypic techniques of cattle has been completed.Studies on anoestrum clinical. pathological. biochemical and hormonal aspects were continued. In orderto carry out various possible studies on species/breed differences, strain/stoo::k differences and other geneticand environmental effects on spermatozoal.attributes in bulls and buffalo bulls •. weekly semen samples werecollected and 700 permane-·nt slides were prepared. Field work of A. I. units at Izatnagar and Rithora wascontinued.Details about livestock production (sheep) have been briefly described. These are breeding, growth.carcass and wool quality studies.Physiology and PharmacologyStudies were continued on zone of thermoneutrality of Hariana Cattle and its Fl crosses with Holstein­Friesian, Brown-Swiss and Jersey. Five trials were conducted with biostumulator on sheep, goat and rats.Slaughter house by-products were mostly used in preparation of bio-stimulator. In nuclear research laboratory,the projects were (1) synchronisation of heat and control on the efficiency of reproduction in black Bengalgoats, and (2) reproductive function in buffaloes.Work on surveillance and monitoring of the insecticide residue in feeds and fodders of livestock andlivestock products was continued various indigenous medicinal plpnts were tested for their anthelminticactivity. Cedrus deodara oil' WClS observed to be effectiv~ in control of mange infection in sheep.ExtensionThe Division organic;ed two staff courses, one in Egg Marketing and the other on Diseases of ExoticCattle and Sheep and their control. sponsored by Directorate of Extension. Ministry of Agriculture. The Divisionactively participated in the exhibition organised by ICAR in lawn of Parliament and also the All India Livestockand Poultry Show in Delhi. Twenty technical films were screened. and necessary advice was rendered to livestock

14owners and farmers. Visitors were shown round the activities of various Division, projects and livestockfarms, and organised "OPEN DAY" and "FARMERS DAY" during annual day programme of the Institute.Regional Research Centre, Bangalore(i) Cell Culture: The BHK21 cell line is being continued to be maintained with regular sub-culturingand preservation of selected passages in liquid nitrogen. The preliminary chromosome studies required wereundertaken as selected passage levels of the cell line.An attempt was made to adapt the monolayer cell line to suspension cultures and this is being continued.The growth of B HKzl cells were observed respectively in one litre bottles and 20 ml. test tubes byplacing them in rotating machines in increase the yield of cells obtained with various initial concentration ofcells and quantity of media. The growth observed by this method was satisfactory.A preliminary attempt was made to study the utility and suitability of an alternate media for the growthand support of BHK21 cells to reduce the cost of medium. The routine primary cultures of calf kidney andthyroid origin were prepared whenever required for virus study.(ii) Studies with FMD virus: The adaptation of foot-and-mouth disease virus types 0, A, C, and Asia-'to BHK21 cell system was continued and have each undergone , O'to 12 serial passages during the period.The quantitative studies of all the four virus types when conducted showed a range of virus titre to be 5.5 to6.5, per millilitre when tested in unweaned mice, calf kidney primary cultures and BHK21 cells. Specificity ofthe virus was checked by complement fixation test. Attempts to increase the virus titres obtained by takingthe seed virus from end point dilution during passage in B HK21 cells with type '0' virus or by using cattletongue material for Asia 1 virus for adapting to B HK21 cells was not successful.(iii) Preparation of experimental vaccin~: The first batch of experimental foot-and-mouth diseasevaccine (3000 doses) inactivated monovalent tissue culture vaccine was prepared against type 'A' virus usingB HK21 cells as the donor system. The harvested virus was treated with 2% chloroform, aluminium hydroxidegel was used as adjuvant and the virus was inactivated for 48 hours at 25°C in the presence of formalin. Thevaccine having undergone sterility, preliminary innocuity and potency test in laboratory small animals andobserved to be satisfactory, is being subjected to potency test in cattle at the Division of Bacteriology andVirology of the Institute.(iv) Small Animal Facility: Breeding and management of guinea pigs and mice colony during theperiod with a stock of about 500 mice and 600 guineapigs have been satisfactory.Regional Animal Nutrition Centre. PalampurWork was carried out on digestibility and nutritive value of soyabean husk. Studies on evaluation ofnutritive value of soyabean bhoosa and wheat bhoosa were continued and results reported. Efforts weremade to utilize lowgrade roughages for economic feeding of animals, and various parameters studied.Studies were carried out to improve the utilization of paddy straw by animals.Foot and mouth diseaseBACTERIOLOGY AND VIROLOGYDuring the period under report the following quantity Monovalent vaccine against foot and mouthdisease virus types 'A', '0', 'C', and 'Asia I' were produc~d, tested and supplied.

15Type'A''0''C''Asia I'PolyvalentProduction (doses)'"53,00022,00050,00055,00010 ml. monovalent vaccine.40 ml. polyvalent vaccine.Supply (doses)20112321652,602Initial trials to study the replication of foot and, mQuth dise.ase virus types 0, A"BHK 21 -C1 13cell system were'made. (Further work is in progress).C .and Asia-I inIn continuation of the work on dose redl;lction with a saponified gel vaccine, a batch of vaccine wasprepared for assessing its safety and potency. ACl;:ordingly, monovalent saponified gel vaccine against type '0','A' 'Asia-I' were prepared. These va

16One hundred twenty nine pre-and post-vaccination sera samples, collected from animals vaccinatedwith TCRPV (BK), were tested by serum neutralization test for assessing their SN antibody index. None of thepre-vaccination sera had any neutralizing antibodies against rinderpest; while post-vaccination sera had ,Sf\.)index ranging from 0.5 to 3.7.Sheep PoxStudies were undertaken to propagate attenuated sheep pox virus (RM/65), obtained from RaziInstitute Tehran, with a view to prepare live attenuated vaccine against sheep pox.The virus, during the year, had undergone seven serial passages in lamb kidney and lamb testicle cellcultures. CPE was observed 36 hours later and more pronounced in lamb testicle cultures. Further studies onits safety, potency and immunising potential are in progress.RabiesDuring the previous year, it was reported that out of 134 serum samples of horses collected at two stud'farms of Poona, 17 (10%) sera had revealed the presence of rabies neutralizing antibodies and 10 (59%) hadtraces of the same. SimilarlY of the 92 serum samples c'ollected from army mules in Assam, 41 sera werescreened; of these only two were found positive.During the year under report the remaining 51 mule sera, collected from Assam, were screened. Only inone serum sample the presence of rabies antibodies was detected. Five more serum samples of army horses.received through Central Military Veterinary Laboratory, Meerut, were also screened; out of these 2 werefound positive.Following the interesting epidemiological finding of the presence of rabies antibodies in the sera ofequine popUlation, 41 bovine sera and 36 pig sera were screened. Out of these 3 bovine sera and one pigserum were found positive for the presence of rabies neutralizing antibodies.During the year, material from 56 animals of various species, suspected for rabies, was received forconfirmation of diagnosis. Out of these 18 were positive and 31 were negative for rabies by histopathologicalexamination and/or by biological tests. The remaining 7 specimen were unfit for examination. Thedetails of the results are tabulated below:STATEMENT SHOWING BRAIN MATERIAL RECEIVED ANDEXAMINED FOR RABIES DURING THE YEAR 1974Species of animalNumber of brainsPositiveNegativeUnfit. DogHorse & MuleCattleCatGuineapig40'1041113322072117Tot,al5618317Tissue CultureThe unit continues to maintain and supply, on demand, the following established cell lines-BHK 21(Cl la ), Hela, HIS 2 , VERa, Hep and M. S.Two more cell lines, Hela-S 3 , a clonel cell line of Hela and NCTC clone 929 (CI 13 ) a mouse fibroblasticcell line, have been procured from BIOCULT laboratari~s. Glasgow.

17Two hamster cell lines BHI(/Ti, a transformed fast multiplying cell and BHK/Mv a diploid baby-hamsterkidney cell line, halt'e been developed in the laboratory during the Vear. Both the cell lines have gone upto 10passages and stored at different passage levels (BHK/Ti has been stored at V. R. C. Poona also).~"During the year under report B HK21 (CI 13 ) cells, have been frequently supplied to v,arious laboratoriesof the division for their use in foot-and-mouth virus research. Cells have also been supplied to "PunjabAgricultural University. The other cell lines are also being supplied on demand.A cheap medium, developed at Pirbright by a Scientist of the Unit at I. V. R. I., has supported thegrowth of BHK21 (Cln), BHK/Ti, BHK/M I , M.S. and Vero cells very well and can be used as a replacementmedium for costlier aminoacid media.With a view to produce B HK ~ells at a large scale, the unit has intiated MSP cell growth system ofA. V. R.l.;,.Pirbright. With this system of cells equivalent to 8-10 Roux flasks can be grown in one flask.Further work is in progress.The unit is also supplying primary lamb kidney cells.supplied to various laboratories.During the year eight cultures have beenWork on BHK21 (Cl ls ) showed a mixed population of transformed cells at 77th passage level. Studieson the cell line, procured from BIOCULT at 77th passage level, in comparison with a diploid cell lineB HK (MI)' developed at Mukteswar revealed.(a) BHK21 (CI 13 ) cells have a small percentage of transformed cells, which have lost contact inhibition.(b) One thousand cells and more could produced tumour in 100 percent, 7-10 days old baby hamsters.The tumour started in about 3-6 weeks postinoculation and grew even up to the size of a Ping Pong Ball in-three months. (c) The tumour cells could be cultured and the cultured cells (BHK/Ti) did not show contactinhibition. (d) BHK/Ti had a very high percentage of colony formation in agar compared to BHK21 (Cln).(e) BHK (M1) did not show any loss of contact inhibition and even 5 x 10 cells could not formcolonies. (f) Non-viable cells of BHK (Ti) could not produce tumour.Tuberculosis and Johne's diseaseAmong the various aspects of this problem under investigation, the following items constituted the'study for the period under report.('i) Nine hundred thirty eight animals were subjected to intradermal tuberculin end Johnin tests.(ii)rntravenous introduction of small quantities of M. tuberculosis (2 to 20 mg.) into buffaloe calveswas found not to produce appreciable hypersensitivity in them except for initial mild and transientreactions observed in 3 out of 4 animals. On the other hand, those receiving the organism intramuscularlyreacted to intradermal injections ot' tuberculin for at least 7 months. Results ofpassive heamagglutination tests conducted on sera collected periodically from these animals werenot considered reliable and it was decided to repeat them later.(iii) Three surviving animals, out of the lot injected with heat killed M. paratuberculosis last year,showed persistence of sensitization at potency tests of Johnin brew conducted in April 1974. Twoof these reacted quite well again in November, 1974, 14 months after earlier sensitization.Two fresh hill bulls, injected intramuscularly with smaller doses (5 mg. and 25 mg.) of killed Johne'sbacilli, suspended inliquid paraffin, also evinced a good grade of sensitivity 6 months later, at the time ofstandardising two brews of Johnin.

18(iv) Three brews of H.C.S.M. tuberculin and one of tuberculin were tested for potency at the requestof Head, Division of Biological Products and passed for issue on the basis of assessment ofreactions produced by them in sensitized animals.A brew of Johne's disease vaccine was prepared and tested for use in experimental vaccination work atthe Govt. Sheep Breeding Farm. Patan (Gujrat). One hundred and six lambs were vaccinated with theproduct at the said farm.Sixty three Pashmina goats were tested on 11.6.73. Out of these, four goats, Nos. 285, 246, 251 and105 reacted to Johnin. They were immediately removed from the farm and kept in a separate shed. They wereretested on 11.4.74 and three goats, Nos. 285 and 251 and 105, reacted to Johnin whereas goat No. 242did not react. Goat No. 105 was destroyed on 10.7.74 and was found positive for Johne's disease onpost-mortem examination.1. The target of doubling the production of Johnin was exceeded with the production of 87,000 dosesas against the previous annual average of about 20,000 doses.2. Instructions for the use of tuberculin and Jqhnin were revised and brought in line with the presentday knowledge on the subject, after careful scientific scrutiny of the existing procedure.GlandersThe three strains of Actinobacillus mallei, received from Holland (Indonesian, Yugoslavian and Mukteswar)and 5 other aV

19No. Tested No. Positive No. Negative Doubtful* Cattle 844 27 803 14Buffaloes 29 28 1Goats 67 6 55 6Human 9 1 8Sheep 49 4 41 4* (i) Izatnagar dairy herd gave 3 positive and four doubtful out of 588 animals tested; Positiveanimals are being pursued.(ii)LeptospiraMukteswar"dairy, tested twice, was found completely free of brucellosis.Three organized farm"s namely:i} Cattle-Cum-Dairy farm Kampasagar. ii) Government Livestock Farm, Banavasi. iii) Governmantdairy farm Visakhkapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, were selected for investigation on the prevalence 'ofleptospirosis. The data on the number of normal parturitions, premature births and abortions wascollected for the years 1971, 1972 and 1913. The data indicated that overall rate of abortions at farms (i)and (iii) was 0.8 percent and 6.5 percent respectively, whereas the rate of premature births at (i) and (ii)farms was 0.8 and 1.9 percent respectively.A total of 425 serum samples were received from 5 different states. Of these, the number of positiveswere: Cattle and buffaloes 131, sheep 2 and goats 2 to different serotypes of Leptospira. Out of 77 humanserum samples 15 were fO'und positive to Leptospira.Studies on infections abortions i!1 farmstockThe bacterial aetiology of abortion in different species of farmstock was investigated at three widelyseparated namely sub-himalyan. region (I\); an ari.d r~gion in western India (B) and Himalyan region at: heightof 2285 meters apove ~ee le~eJ'(C}.The available data on the incidence of abortion for the part to two years showed that at the sheepfarm A, where 124 out of 964 pregnancies (12".9 percent) ended in abortion, a large majority of abortion(76.6 percent) occurred during the 4 months period from september to December. At the sheepfarm"B, 68 outof 1903 pregnancies (3.6 percent) ended in abortion and the majority of these (79.4 percent) occurred duringthe months December to March.Bacteriological examination of morbid materials such as aborted fetuses or fetal membrane from casesof abortion ar.d uterine discharge or vaginal swabs from cases with history of recent abortion yialded followingisolations; from sheep flock A,. Listeria monocytogenes from 7 cases and haemolytic streptococcus from onecase out of 59 ewes/cases; from sheep flock B, Corynebacterium sp. from 1 out of 6 ewes and from goat flockC, out of 24 cases examined. Brucella melitensis from 8 cases, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella sp.froin one case' each. None of the vaginal swabs from 21 cows and; 21 and 6 buffaloes which had aborted afew weeks to one year previously yielded isolation of any organism of pathological si"gnificance.Serum samples were examined for serological evidence of Brucella, Listeria and Leptospira infectionsfrom most of the aborted animals of various species and from some apparently healthy incontacts. Seven outof 18 exotic Holstein-Friesian cows, which had been vaccinated durin"g calf hood with Br. abortus strain 19vaccine, 1 out of 10 Haryana and other cross-bred cows and 1 out 6 buffaloes without history of vaccination

20against brucellosis showed positive titres (80 to 320 I. U./ml) of 8r. abortus agglutinins. Positive titres ofbrucella agglutinins (8r. abortus and/or 8r. melitensis) were observed also in 37 out of 94 sheep (39.4 percent)from flock A. 10 out of 26 sheep from flock Band 13 out of 26 goats of flock C.Of the serum samples from aborted animals examined or serological evidence of Leptospira infection21 out of 28 cattle samples and 2 out of 6 buffaloe samples from Herd A, and 2 out of 37 sheep samples fromflock A were found positive for significant titres of agglutinins to serotype wolffi of Hebdomadis serogroups.None of the 13 serum samples from flock Band 26 goats samples from flock C was found positive for leptospiralagglutinins. Of the serum samples from apparently healthy incontacts, none of the 12 goat samplesfrom flock C and 2 sheep samples from flock B was positive for leptospiral agglutinins.Of the serum samples from cases with history of abortion examined for listeria agglutinins before treatmentwith 2-mercapto-ethanol, 22 out of 31 samples from sheep flock A, 10 and of 12 samples from sheepflock Band 7 out of 9 samples from goat flock C showed agglutinins to one or more serotypes of Listeria intitres ranging from 1 ;50, 1 ;800. However after treatment with 2 mercaptoethanol, only 12 from sheep flock,A, 5 from sheep flock B, and 3 from goat flock C showed agglutinins to one or more serotypes of listeria intitres ranging from 1 :50 to 1 :400.MastitisAn investigation was conducted on cases of mastitis in exotic Jersey cows (Jaipur). The affectedquarters of the 2 cases, as well as that of an apparently recovered animal, yielded isolation of Staphylococcusaureus (coaguless-positive) strains from their milk samples. Of the 64 quarters of 16 apparently healthy cows,2 yielded isolation of Stapt. aureus (coagulese positive) ,Five indirect tests were compared with the somatic cell counts, MWT showed an over-all agreement(both positive and negative results) of 83.5 percent; MCMT-80.3 percent. SISTT-82.7 percent. N.F.T.-83.5percent and M.S. 93.5 percent. These tests respectively failed to detect 15.8, 19.7.17.3, 1'4.8 and 6.5 percentsamples which showed 500,000 or higher somatic cell counts per ml. and reactions in 0.7,0.0, and 1.8 percentsamples with cell counts lower than 500.00 per ml.Bacterial agents of pathological significance isolated from morbid material (20) and the animalsexamined post-mortem (132), included Salmonella sp. haemolytic streptococci. Esherichia coli Pseudomonasaeruginosa, Proteus sps, Klebsiella, Aerobactor, Alcaligenes sps., etc. Of the nine equine serum samplesexamined for Salmonella abortus agglutinins, 4 were found positive.ListeriosisOf the 199 serum samples, tested after treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol, 51 were found positive, foragglutinins to various serotypes of L. monocytogenes.Mycotic InfectionsDuring mortality in guinea pigs, Aspergillus flavus was isolated from feed sample, as well as from liverof guinea pigs.An investigation into skin infection of pashmina, bearing goats was undertaken.skin scraping revealed the presence of mange (Sarcoptis sp.) mites.Examination of theAn outbreak of unknown disease in ducks, causing heavy mortality was reported. From liver and cropCandida albicans was isolated. Out of eleven human cases, 10 were confirmed as superficial mycoes e.g.ring worm, mange Tinea capitis and candidieasis. From one pus sample Nocardia asteroides, wasisolated.

Livestock Production Research21(i) Exotic Cattle Farm - The breeding of pure bred jersey and Brown Swiss cattle is done with frozensemen, supplied by I.V.R .1., Izatnagar.(ii) Calf Rearing Unit - The unit was re-organised with aim of production of calves for supply tovarious research laboratories fer experimental purpose, During the year under report, 25 male and 27 femalecalves were born; out of which 7 male 'and 3 female died.Goat Farm (Pashmina Production)In total, there were 78 goats at the Surmani goat farm. Out of these, 46 were pure Pashmina Breed and32 were crossbred between Pashmina males and Hili goat females. Among the pure Pashmina animals were 41adult (14 males and 27 females) and 5 kids (2 males and 3 females) similarly, among the crossbred, 24 adults(9 males and 15 females) and 8 kids (5 males and 3 females). During the year under report, 27 kids were born(15 pure-bred and 12 ?rossbred). The number of males and females in pure Pashmina were 7 and 8 and incrossbred 7 and 5 respectively. In both pure and crossbred, only the single births have been noticed.The average measurements in respect of length, height and heart-girth of both pure Pashmina andcrossbred animals were as follows :-BreedSexLengthCm.HeightsCm.HeartgirthCm.PurePashminaFemale91.05±2.15(31)95.37±4.42(16)56.41 ±0.83 71.55±0.45(31 ) (31)61.12+3.49 77.37+3.4.1(16) (16)MaleCrossbredFemale93.31 ±1 0.24( 19)91.09±2.63(n)59.44+4.35 71.36+5.17(19) (19)59.18:t3.14 68.86±2.97(11 ) (11 )MaleFigures in parentheses are the number of animals.During the year, 4517.p gm. Pashmina was collected from 59 animals, of various age grqups, and ofboth sexes. The average figures 6f Pashmina collected from purebred females and males were 102.87 gm.and 100.53 gm. respectively, whereas, the same figures in the crossbred animals was 26.45 gm. and 17.75 gm.respectively.I n order to know the quality of Pashmina a few samptes of Pashmina from both pure and crossbredanimals were sent for testing to C. S. W. R. I. (Avikanagar) Malpura. It was reported that the quality ofPashmina from both the pure and crossbred animals was very good. The length of Pashmina from purebredmale animals ranged between 35.90 ± 0.82 mm. to 87.25 ± 1.43 mm. while from females 43.30 + 05 mm.to 49.6& ± 0.67 mm. whereas, the range in the crossbred males was 27.85 ± 0.51 mm. to 48.84 ± 1,35 mm,and in female is 30.35 ± 0.60 mm. to 35.85 ± 0.88 mm. The diameter of Pashmina was also estimated.In the purebred, it was 10.22 ± 0.21 mu to 12.47 ± 0.21 mu in males and 12.12 ±,21 mu to 13.60 ±0.30 mu in female, whereas, in the crossbred was 9.14 ± 0.11 mu to 10.14 ± 0.15 mu in males and 8.28 muto 10.04 ± 0.19 mu in females. The colour of Pashmina was either white or brown.I n order to study the average consumption of feeds by growing animals a very preliminary experimentwas conducted and it was found· that 125 gm. of concentrate was not sufficient for the growing kids. Atpresent, animals are manually grouped as kids, pregnant, lactating, dry goats and bucks while feeding.

22The following schedule are being followed at the moment.Particulars Kids below Goats above goats Bucks6 months 6 months PregnantLactating.Concentrate in 250 gm. 250 gm. 350 gm. 250 gm.gm{animal{dayGreens, Maize, Oat, 1 Kg. 4 Kg. 4 Kg. 4 Kg.Oak leaves in Kg/animal/paySalt and mineral mixtures were kept separately in each shed for licking. The ration of the kids wasfurther supplemented with fish meal and shark-liver oil. Ration of weak adult animals was also supplementedaccordingly from time to time. Arrangements have been made for their grazing. Efforts are in progress fencethe whole Surment area for grazing of these animals.The following prophylactic measures were taken:(i)Animals were drenched with thiobendazole before and after rainy season.(ii) Faecal examination was done regularly to keep a check on the parasites. Expert from ParasitologyDivision, IVRI, Izatnagar visited, Mukteshwar twice during this year. According to his report, it appears thatth~ parasitic infestation can not be the main cause of mortality as the infection load is not high.(iii)(iv)Animals were vaccinated against enterotoxemia, H.S. and B.a. diseases.Animal's were treated with Gammaxine for lice and tick control in the month of September.Epidemiological s:tudies (Foot and Mouth Disease)The work of verious centres in t!1~ country was cQ-ordinated and necessary technical guidance andadvice was rend~req by the Project Co-ordinator. The detailed feport in respect of all the Centres have beengiven separately.Typing of materialThe centre at Mukteswar, received directly 0 r collected 12 specimens and typed.o type, 2 type C and 4 were found to be non-viable.Out of these 6 wereThe confirmation of duplicate samples received from other centres was one of the functions of Mukteswarcentre. As such, 16~ specimens were rec~iveg from Qther ce.ntres. The details of typing are as under:No 6fspecimensNon-viableResults of typingo A C Asia 1Under Process1.6366.53-11 132Production and' standardization of guinea pig hyperimmune serumPraparation of guinea pig huperimmune serum against different tYP!3S was continued and followingquantities were produced.'TypeType'0''C'80 mi.225 m.TYP'eType'A.'Asia70 ml.1'80 mi.

23The centre at Muktesw~r is entrusted with the duty of maintaining uniform standards of hyperimmuneserum. From different centres 12 batches of guinea pig hyperimmune ~era against different types of Fl\(1D viruswere received during the year. These were standardised and the results communicated.1:he following qUi:lntities of hyperimmune sera were supplied to different centres and some researchinstitutes.TypeType'0'-106 ml.-74 mi.Type 'A'Epidemiological investigation and analysis of epidemiological data-82 ml.Type Asia 1-48 mi.The data in respect of morbidity due to fo~t and mouth disease is being analysed on regional basis.It has been seen that morbidity rate per 1000 animals is 120 in cattle and 34 in buffaloes. The significanceof difference between regions and influel)ce of factors like susceptibility of different breeds, agriculturalpractices etc. is being analysed.The over all morbidity rate pe r thousand far pigs, sheep and goats was also ex ami ned and found to be58, 48 and 11 respectively. The data is also being processed to study the regional variations and differencesdue to breeds etc. 0IIf BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTSDuring the period under report the following Biological Products were supplied from this Division.1. Culture tubes2. A.B.R. Antigen3. Virulent Rinderpest Bull Spleen virus4. Virulent goat Tissue Virus5. Lamb dysentary vaccine6. Black disease vaccine7. Foot and Mouth disease Vaccine (Polyvalent)'8. Johnin8931940 grams.108 grams.41 grams.11,600 doses.28,000 doses.52,602 doses.9,500 doses.The FMD vaccine and Johnin were transferred to H.D.B.P., I.V.R.I., Izatnagar for further supply.DIVISION OF PARASITOLOGYANNUAL REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1974Title: Effect of gamma radiation and Chemosterill3nts on the reproductive potential of ticks.Objective in brief; To study the effect of irradiation and chemosterilants in ticks of livestock and its effecton the reproductive potentials.Work done and results achievedColonies of ticks of the species Argas persicus, Booplilus microplus; Hyalomma (H) a. anatolicum andRhipicaphafus Sanguineus were maintained in the laboratory. The clean cultures of these ticks were utilizedfor determining the doses of gamma radiation required to induce sterility in these ticks including its effect o"nits developmental stages and the effect of chemosterilants in ticks.

1. Effect of gamma radiation in ticks(i) Experiments with poultry tick Argas peisicusFed 2nd nymphal stages when 6-7 days old were exposed to 4000r, 2000r and 1000r in differentbatches. It was found that 4000r gave 51.51 % mortality, 2000r gave 89.2% mortality in 2nd nymphalstage respectively and none died in 1 DOOr exposure. The resulting adults obtained from these exposednymphs were mated wi~h normal adults of opposite sexes. It was found that none of the females laid eggsin 4000r and 2000r exposed groups, showing thereby that both males and females obtained were sterilized.In 1 OOOr it was found that only 50% of the normal females mated with males obtained from exposednymphs, laid eggs out of which 92.6% hatched. The resulting females from the exposed nymphs (1 OOOr) whichwere allowed to mate with normal males, only one female out of 8, has started egg laying while others havenot yet raid eggs though 2 months have passed since then. In control group hatching of egg was 99.1%.(ii)Experiment with Booplitus microplesFed females in batches of five were exposed to 10,000r, 5000r, 4000r, 3000r, 2000r, 1000r, 500r,and 300r. It was found t!1at there was substantial reduction in number of eggs laid by the'se females as comparedto normal females. Females exposed to 10,000r, 5000r, and 4000r, laid eggs which did not hatch.Percentage of egg hatch obtained from 3000r, 2000r, 1000r, 500r, and 300r exposed females, was 0.74%,1.4%, 25.87%, 94.79% and 91.65%, respectively. In control group hatching of eggs was 100%.1-3 days old eggs of these ticks (clean colony) were exposed to 450r to 700r range. The resultsshowed that no egg hatched which were exposed to 600r to 700r. Hatching of egg was 14.4%, 18.5%, and26.2% when exposed to 550r, 500r and 450r respectively as compared to normal eggs where 100%hatching was obtained.(iii)Experiment with Hyalommma (H) a. AnatalicumThe larve of H. a. Anatalicum when 12 days old were exposed to 4000r, 2000r, 1 ODOr, 500r, and250r, in different batches of 300 each. These larve were put for feeding 3 days after exposure. It wasfound that none of the larve exposed to 4000r fed, whereas the feeding was 21.3%,44.7%,48.4% and 52%in larve exposed to 2000r, 1000r, 500r, and 250r respectively. In control group feeding was 72%. From2000r exposed larve only 6.3% nym'phs, from 1000r, 59% nymphs, from 500r, 81 % nymphs and from250r, 71 % nymphs could be bred. In control group 98.6% nymphs could be bred.(iv)Experiment with Phipicephalus sanguineusThe larve of these ticks when 6 days old were exposed to 4000r, 2000r, 1000r, and 500r. It wasfound that none of the larve exposed to 1 DOOr to 4000r fed and only 5% of the larvae fed which wereexposed to 5000 r.In control group 58% of the larvae fed.2. Effect of Chemosterilants in ticksThe experiments were carried out only with poultry tick Argas persicus.A batch of 5, days old male ticks were exposed to paper treated with tepa @ 20 mg/900 sq cm for48 hours. These treated males were allowed to mate with normal females of the same age after 48 hours ofexposure and fed. These five females laid 427 eggs of which 84.12% hatched. In control group hatchingwas 93.8%In another· experime~t. ·the male ticks were exposed to paper treated with tepa @ 40 Jl1g/900 sq cm for24 hours and 48 hours separately. These Were allowed to mate with normal females of the same age 48hours after exposure and fed. It was found that a}l the females laid eggs from 24 hours exposure group

2Swhereas only 28.6% of the females laid eggs from 48 exposure group. The percentage of egg hatch was 64.8in 24 hours exposure and 63.3 in 48 hours exposure. In control group 93.2% the eggs laid hatched.Title: Studies on the incidence, ecology, epidemiology and control of Haemonchus contortus infections insheep and goats.I. Experimental studies on the Haemonchus contortus larval burden on pastureThe experimental area was selected in the sheds of Parasitology Division. The selected area was fencedwith barbed wire and 30 cm high brick wall was made around it. The area was thoroughly cleaned. The soilwas dug about 1 meter deep and was levelled. The whole area was completely burnt and signed severaltimes, after turning the soil eacn time. Fresh "Doob" grass was planted in the experimental area. The grasswas then cut to the ground level for uniform growth. After the land was prepared, random samples of grassblades with roots and soils were taken and examined, and found negative for any helminth larvae.Faecal pellets were collected from lambs experimentally infected with H. contortus. E. P. G. valueswere determined. Faecal pellets containing 5 lakh to 20 lakh eggs each in different months were put in eachexperimental plot from January to November, 1974. Twenty-four such experimental plots have been usedso far.From the 5th day onwards all the experimental as well as control plots were examined regularly. Earlydevelopment inside the eggs was observed. First stage larvae were also obtained, from some of the plots.But During January and February, no infective larva of H. contortus were obtained but their numbers were tooless as compared to the numbers of eggs released. During April to June, 1974 no infective stage larva ofH. contortus was recovered. From July, 1974 to November 1974 infective larvae of H. contortus wererecovered from experimental plots! one week onwards after putting the faecal pellets containing eggs ofH. contortus on pasture. From control area (where faecal pellets containing eggs were not put) H. contortuslarvae was not recovered.II. Tracer lambs: Clean lambs born in the sheds during 1973 and 1974 were used as tracer lambs andallowed to graze with other infected animals. All lambs born in early 1974 did not pick up to the infectiontill second week of June, 1974. The average E.P.G. of these lambs in last week of June 1974 was 600.However, these lambs born in 1973 had become positive in July, 1973 and showed maximum average E.P.G.of 2680 and minimum of 1600 in 1974. These data are comparable to the data of 1973 where highest E.P.G.was recorded in August and September and then it continuously decreased.This work is in progress.III.Experimental animal findingsThe course of infection and epidemiology of H. contort us infection in experimentally infected lambs werestudied for a period of 2 years from April, 1972 to March,1974. The experiment was terminated in April, 1974.The data are being analysed and correlated with meteorological data to find the correlation and seasonalincidence of infection.IV.Studies on the goats of Physiology DivisionTwenty seven goats infected with gastro-intestinal nematodes were treated witt'i Banminth II (2-4 mleach). Before treatment their average E.P.G. was 3000. With single dose of Banminth II, 22 animals outof 27 were found free from infection. The drug was 81.5% effective.Title:Epidemiology, ecology, immunology and control of liver-fluke infection.

26LInfection of Fasciola gigantica in animalsThe incidence of infection of F. gigantica in cattle was studied in a village Khayikhera about 20 km fromBareilly. The infection during the year varied between 17.7% to 24.4%. Some of these animals revealedthe presence of amphistome and strongyle infections. There was seasonal variation in the monthly output ofeggs in the faeces.During the year under report, large number of snails of the species Lymnaea auricularia were examinedfor the cercariae of F. gigantica. None of them was found positive for the infection.Title:I mmunology of J=ascioliasis.Objective: To study the effect of irradiation on the metacercariae of F. gigantica.The strain of Lymnea auricularia originally collected from Bageshwar in Almora district is being bredand reared in the laboratory which we have now raised up to the F4 generation.The laboratory pred Lymnea auricularia was infected with Fasciola gigantica and the metacercariae originatingin the labor_atory were irradiated at 2 or 3 Kr. Such irradiated metacercariae were used to infectrabbits at the rate of 10 metacercariae per rabbit. The control comprised non-irradiated metacercariae.In rabbits infected with metacercariae irradiated at 2 or 3 Kr, about 50% establised and the liver showedgross changes of cirrhosis. The parasites were more or less nbrmal in development and there was no significantdifference with the parasites developing from normal and rion-irradiated metacercariae.When rabbits immunised with irradiated metacercariae were challenged with normal metacercariae, therewas no significant difference in the worm Ibad of the experimental and control group.The work will continue during 1975 when we shall study higher levels of irradl'ation as also the age~susceptibility of L. a'uriciJlaria.Title."Studies on Theileria and Theieriasis.Objectives." To evolve a cell culture vaccine for immunisation of ·crossbred bovines besides biological andimmunological studies on the parasite.The preliminary work initrated about H- years ago involved isolation and maintenance of field strains ofThaileria annulata, maintenance of the strains in tick vectors and bovine hosts and in vitro cell culture of theparasite.We have achieved all these preliminary objectives during the year under review. We have now reachedthe take-off stage and are in a position to intensify work on the different aspects of trie technical programmeincluding immunogenicity of the parasite grown in vitro and immunodiagnosis.We isolated T. annulata from Agra, Lucknow and Meerut and these are being maintained separately incross-bred male calves and in the tick vector, Hyalomma (Hyalomma) anatolicum anatolicum. Until provenotherwise we shall maintain these strains separately.The strain of the parasite originating from Lucknow has now been successfully grown in cell culture andwe have, at present, two cell lines which are being maintained by serial passage, at 7-10 day intervals, insuspension cultures in Eagles's MEM with Hanks BSS enriched with 5% of um Glutamine and 20% Neonatalcaif serum. We have secured neonatal calf serum indigenously with help from our Dairy Section and we maybe able to do away with importing fatal calf serum from abroad. We are arranging to obtain Eagles' MEMfrom the V. P. Chest Institute, New Delhi and if found satisfactory we may stop importing this reagent also.Some other chemicals and reagents will, however, need to be imported.

27We made some studies on the comparative virulence of the three field strains and found that virulencedepended on the number of infected ticks which were allowed to infest cross-bred male calf, With 15infected nymphs a moderate infection was set up but with 60 infected nymphs each of the calves succumbedwith acute theileriasis. This was true for all the three strains. Further work to identify the strain variations.if any, and age resistance could not. be taken up due to difficulty in getting milk and e~sential ingredients ofthe calf-starter mixture for maintaining calves.We challenged preimunised animals with the homologous strain but unfortunately two out of the threecalves died due to breakdown of immunity following pneumonia of undetermined etiology.We have taken up work to identify suitable tick vectors other than H. (H.) a. antolicum. For the presentwe shall concentrate on different species of Hyalomma.Title: In vitro cultivation of Theileria annulata.Three young cross-bred cow calves. obtained from Military Dairy Farm, Bareilly, were reared. The donoranimals were prepared by releasing Theileria infected Hyalomma (Hyalomma) a. anatolicum nymphs on them.The nature as well as the course of the disease in the experimental animal was studied to ascertain thevirulence of the strain. The morphological and biological characteristics of the parasite and the host-reactionssuggested that we are dealing with T. annulata. However, the specific indentification can be made only byserological methods such as immunofluoresence. Two infected animals died of severe reactions, indicative ofhigh virulence of the strain. The attempts are being made to modify the virulence of the parasite so as torender it suitable for tissue culture work.Title: Clinical Parasitology.The clinical parasitology section has been functioning since April, 1974 and since August. 1974 actuelwork was started. As a routine measure faecal samples from sheep, goats and calves at the Institute wereexamined for evidence of parasitism. After the first screening of all these animals, follow up of this programmewas made by examing herd samples. Coccidiosis was encountered in the kids of physiology section. andhence were administered prophylactic medication. Throughout the year the helminth burden in sheep, goatsand calves remained in a low ebb which did not warrant special treatment other than preventive dosing withanthelmintics. Besides this we were required to investigate into an epidemic of schistosomiasis among themules of Hempur Remount Depot. This was attended to and control measures worked out. Serum frominfected and suspected mules which was obtained during the visit was subsequently tested by cercarinhullenifection(CHR) test. The results. were conflicting when matched with the faecal examination results. Hencethere is need to work out a better diagnositic test. 'This Section was also engaged in controlling the parasite burden in the pashmina goats stationed atMukteswar. All the goats were thoroughly examined and necessary prophylactic medication was recommendedto the Head. Division of Bacteriology and Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, in time.Proposed work for 1975CLINICAL PARASITOLOGY SECTION(i)Prevention of clinical parasitism in sheep and goats of this Institute.(ii) Prevention of clinical parasitism in calves below 9 months in the Dairy.(iii) Work out quick diagnostic techniques against gastrointestinal nematodes with particular reference tonedular worm in sheep.

28Title: Studies on the radiation attenuated vaccines with partic'ular reference to lungworms of sheep andgoats Dictyocaulus filaria.Accomplishments(i) Product animals: A pure strain of Dictyocaulus filaria was maintained by serial passage in young, healthydisease-free lambs. This laboratory strain has been used for the experimental work and also for the productionof the radiation atten.uated lungworm vaccine. About 3000 infective lalvae were also sU,pplied to the RegionalStat(6n"; S"rinagar ..(ii)Production of the radiation attenuated lungworm vaccineRequest for the supply of the radiation attenuat~d lu ~gy.r~rm vaccine lh,as been recei~~.~ .from ~he RoyalGovernment of Bhutan and some other Indian States such as Uttar Pradesh. Necessary arrangements havebeen made to supply the required doses of the radiation attenuated vaccine to these States.(iii) Studies on the mechanism of immunityThe antigenic make up of Dictyocaulus filaria worms W

·29The ana~rabes labaratary was shift~d fra!llll\llukte,swar to. this Divisian. Th~(labaratary ,was set up farthe praductian,af multicampanent clastridial vac,!::in_e.The achievements af the Division af Bialogical Praducts far the year 1974 may ,be summarised as under:Bacterial vaccinesWith the transfer af anaerobes laboratory to this Division, the praductian af multicampanent clastridialvaccine has been taken up and the demand of the vaccine is being met. It is haped very 'soan the productionaf Enterotaxaemia vaccine will be stapped and in its place, multicampanent clastridial vaccine will be•supplied. During this period 50,000 dases were praduced and 20,000 dases were issued to. Jammu andKashmir.The ,prO,dl,lctian af H. S. adjuvant v,accine ,I,Isin9 aeration culture technique was undertaken and .twabatch~s af the vaccine were prepared. The results ,are very encauraging. Effarts ,are under.way to. praducethis vaccine, replacing the agarwash fram the faux flasks which is camparatively a castly pracedure ..Viral vaccinesProduction of rinderpest tissue culture vaccine was satisfactary and all the indents were met in timealthaugh there had been same difficulty in the way af availability of the freeze drying machines in time. Theproduction and supply af the viral vaccines was maintained at a satisfactory level.Diagnastic antigensThe tempo af productia,n ~and built UP af stack af diagnostics ,was 'very high, in as much as, the stockb\-ljlt U,P W9S sLJff.iQient f~r JJ1Qre than one year.STATEMENT SHOWING PROI?UCTION AND SUPPLY ,OF VETERINARY BIOLOGICAL PROD,UCTSFROM B.P. DIVISION IVRI,IZATNAGAR DURING CALENDAR YEAR 1974 (1.1.1974tO 31.12.74.), .SINo. Name of Rroduct Praductian (Stack Tested) Supply1. Black Quarter Vaccine 3,51,400 doses 3,50,500 doses2. F. D. Fawl Pox Vaccine (CEVL) 17,35,500 21,21,6003. R. D. Vaccine (LIVING) 44,56,200 42,07,'8004. Anthrax Spore Vaccine 1,75,300 1,04,7205. H. S. Adjuvant Vaccine 1,47,500 2,06,1006. Enterataxaemia Vaccine 4,19,200 3,96,4507. Horse Sickness Vaccine 28,300 j'38,6008. 5.treptacacus Eql,li ya~cine (L) ,~,110 2,110!;}. Brucella Abortus Co.loured An~.igen 4,320 ml. 4,380 ml.10. Brucella Abartus plClin Antig,en 63,~00 82,2!)011. Pasitive Serum 306 251~ .." "12.Strain (19) 6,130 dases 6,670 dases"Vaccine13. Sel Abartus Equi 'ii' Antigen 2,250 ml. 2,250 mi.14. Salmonella Pull. ,Ca,l.aur~pA,ntigen 5,~50 5,~5015. Salmonella Abartus Equi. V~~cine 200 20016. Salmanella Pull. Pasitive Seru,m 65"17. Salmonella Pull. Plain Antigen 2,000 3,25018. F. D. R. D. Vaccine 'i=' Strain, 54,96,900 doses 54,96,700 dases.19. F. D. Lapinised Swine Fever Vaccine 19,960 20,790

20. F. D. Goat Tissue Vaccine 2,37,600 doses 2,42,350 doses.21. F. D. Rinderpest Tissue Culture Vaccine 93,46,500 78,01,31522. Anti Rabic Vaccine 5% Carbolised 467,160 5.04,290 ml.23. F. D. Folspirichaetosia Vaccine 2,0005,100"24. C. C. P. P. Vaccine 98,00093,000"25. Avian Tuberculin 5,95526. Tuberculin Concentrated 74,61056,655"27. Mallein Subcut 2,27228. Mallein I. D. P. 71,850 mi. 70,43529. Rabies Vaccine (L) C. E. O. 6,388 6,018"30. Foot And Mouth Disease Vaccine 51,3 42,409"31. Johnin 38,900 47,97032. Healthy Calf serum 1,2401,700"33. P. P. L. O. Antigen 280 56534. M. C. C. Vaccine 19,500 doses 19,500 doses.30PATHOLOGYINTRODUCTIONWith the impetus gained from the work of last five years, the activities of the division of Pathology wereconcentrated on three fronts viz.1) providing health coverage to the livestock prodtlcing programme; ii)research on priority problem, identified as reproductive disorders, perinatal mortalities and Marek's disease;and iii) Development of the battery of the tests for quick and precise diagnosis of animal and poultry disease,employing the latest diagnostic know-how. In as much as these objectives were concerned, significant progresshas been attained in all these three directions by formulating package of practices for rearing the neonates,identification of the factors concerned in infertility amongst cattle and developing the Fluorescent antibodytechnique (FAT) as an important tool in the early diagnosis of animal and poultry diseases.The use of FAT has been shown promising results in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Ri nderpestf~om allied diseases. The methodology is still being worked out to make it as efficacious as possible insolving the problem of differential diagnosis of Rinderpest, which often baffals diagnosticians in the field,besides consuming lot of time. With this diagnostic competency, it has also now been made possible todemonstrate one of the major factor in repeat breeders and' caprine genital mycoplasmo'iis.The research programme undertaken/continued on priority basis has also shown significant, mentioningfor example, in Marek's disease research, the tec hniques have been standardized, to elucidate the role ofT & B cells in the pathogenesis of this disease. Further, the steps undertaken to meet the target for M. D.vaccine production during 1975 are likely to be completed on the stipulated dates.Besides the routine post-graduate teaching, a Seminar on Avian Diseases was organised under theU. N. D. P. This formed an important educational activity of the division.Considering the results obtained on the research projects undertaken during 1974, some of theseresearch projects will be continued during the year 1975 with an attempt to further elucidate the etiopathologyof these diseases. Efforts will also be concentrated in further strengthening the expertise and team of workersengaged on the diseases and health control programme of the various spec ies of livestock; though it largelydepends' on filling the vacant posts and provision of sufficient staff and laboratory facilities required during the5th Five Year Plan.

31Clinical gross and histopathological studies were made on 44 repeat breeder cows to study the etiopathologyof the repeat breeding condition. The gross lesions ascribable to repeat breeding and infertilitywere infantile genitalia (4), bursal and lesions (8), follicular cysts (3), segmental aplasia of the fallopian tube(1), hydrosalplinx and hydrometra (1), tuberculosis salpingitis, endometritis and vulvitis (1), acute necroticcervisitis (1) and GVV (28).Chronic salpingitis (5) with microcyst (2) and tuberculous salpingitis (1) were noticed. In the uteri thecharacteristic changes noticed, were periglandular fibrosis, cystic diatation and lymphoid aggregates in theendometrium which were indicative of the possible role of genital mycoplasmosis or any other low gradeinfection bringing about early embryonic deaths.The most frequent finding GVV in 28 out of 44 cases featured grossly few to several grayish to pinkmillet size granules on the vestibular mocosa. Histopathologically these were characterised by lymphoidaggregates subepithelially with perivascular cuffing of lymphocytes and plasma cells. Organisms resemblingmycoplasma species were demonstrated in tissue sections of vulva in one case. In 3 cases immunofluorescentantigen was also demonstrated in vulvar sections. The role of genital mocoplasmosis in repeat breeding aridimportance of FAT in its study have been stressed., The histological changes in endocrines viz. cystic clofts and cysts in pituitary, various sized follicles ofthyroid some of.which were empty, cystic or had thin col lid, and presence of lymphoid aggregates in few casesin adrenals all indicated a pose nutritional and endocrinal status of these animals. Need for further studies onthese aspects has also been stressed.Studies on piglet mQrtality in IndiaDuring the period from 1 st January 1974 to 6th December 1974, mortality in piglets and pigs maintainedat the Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar was studied. 176 piglets and pigs of the variousdivisions of the IVRI were available for investigation and study. The mortality occurring in various age groupswas as follows. Highest mortality occurred in piglets upto 4 weeks of age and accounted for 43.2 percent ofthe total mortality.Pneu­Chief causes of mortality under 8 weeks of age were Gastroenteritis/enteritis and overlaying.monia and Pneumoenteritis contributed to deaths amongst pigs in 2 months to 6 months age group.Morbid material was collected for bacteriological and histopathological examination. BaGteriologicalexamination revealed the presence of Escherichia coli in heart blood. Stomach and duodenullJ of some of thecases of gastroenteritis/enteritis and Coiynebacterium sp. and Staphylococcus aureus IN cases of pneumonia.Studies on'the disear.e problem of Tibetian goatsDuring the year materials from 11 goats were received for histopathological examination, The Parasiticenteritis (coccidiosis) was most common. In addition, one case each of Johne's disease and globiodiosiswere diagnosed.Studies on lamb and kid mortalityDuring the year 1974 the material utilised in the investigation was from a total of 255 animals (179lambs and 76 kids) including abortion cases. The mortality pattern and disease conditions were studied.Pathology of reproductive diseasesInfectious bronchitis virus has been known to affect the reproductive tract of the domestic fowl as thereis evidence in the literature that after infection the IBV localises and multiplies in the epithelial cells of theoviduct leading to its permanent damage. Subsequently these birds remain as non-layers throughout their lifetime. These facts entrusted us to initiate studies on the role of I BV in reproductive disorders in chickens.

·32A total number of 4500 adult birds were examined and among them 610 birds had atrophied oviductand/or ovary. Histopathologkal examination of'450 cases showed lesions suggestive of IBV infection in'102 birds.'Attempts were made to isolate the virus f{om the oviduct of young chicks. Out of 48 samples IBVcould be isolated" from 2 cases only. The other viral isolates recovered from the reproductive tract were F1strain of RD (21 isolates) and one isolate of CELO virus.

33Lactic dehydrogenase in tissue's. Marked fluctuations of LDH in nerves, braih al1d spinal cord of MDVinoculated as well as control ch ickens were observed. Although, ihe LD H in nelves (11.7425± 1.7212 and12.4875± 1.4842) and spinal (cord 37.726±3.667 and 36.671 ±3.4566) in .classical MDV and acute MDV.inoculated chickens respectively remained at a lower than co'ntrols (14.568±2.359 and 46,915±2.463). theenzyme in brain remained almost unaffected, No significant difference in LDH level in nerves and brain ofMDV inoculated and control chickens could be found. The LDH in spinal cord was significantly different>(P LO.05) in MDV inoculated compared to controls.(ii)Proportion of thymus (T) and bursal (E) cells in Marek's disease lesIOnsWith an objective to find out the role of T and B cells in the pathogenesis of MD study has beeninitiated. Antichicken globulin (hyperimmune serum) has been raised in goats and conjugated with FITC.The work to raise anti T and anti B ceH serum is in progress.Studies on Avian encephalomylitis (AE)1. Pathogenesis of AE infection using immunoflorescent meth_ dFA technique was standardized for the diagnosis of AE infection as this is a quick method of diagnosisand is less cumbersome than the serum neutralization test. Day-old susceptible chicks were infected for OSwith 10% AE saline brain suspension and sacrificed at 3, 7. 9 and 14 and weekly intervals.The res,ults obtained so far revealed that IF antigen was present as early as 9 days P. r. in brain, pancreas,liver and gizzard, while 3 & 7 days P.1. specimens were negative. Further studies are going on.2. Trarsmission of AE in chicks using different routes of inoculationThe objective of this study were i) to know' the percentage of infectio'n and cause of the disease in chicksineculated by various routes and ii) to know whether the pathological changes in tissues of different groupsvaried from one another and particularly frem the natural mode of infection i.e. by feed and water.The r~~ults showed that intracere~ral and intraperitoneal· Inoculation showed the highest percentage ofinfection f.ollowe,d by feedir.g and watering. Iti contact, intramuscular and subcutaneous transmiSSionshowed no clinical signs in chicks, but revealed microscopic lesions in brain and spinal cord and visceral o"rgansas 21 DPI.Interanasal and intraocular transmission did not elicit any clinical signs and microscopic lesions upto42 days P.l.Evaluation of the immunogenicity of indigenous strain of IBVOne of the indigenous IBV strains isolated during the tenure of the All India Coordinated ResearchProject on Respiratory Diseases of Poultry, was selected for chicken to chicken passage. This strain designatedas IBV (U.P.) was found to incite more marked respira'l'ory symptoms and lesions in trachea and lungsthan the remaining IBV isolates. The chickens utilized for passage were obtained from the PPLO-free flockwhich is negative to JQ SN antibodies. The chickens were infected intr~tracheally at an age of 2 to 3 weeks.Due to non-availability of sufficient number of chickens, only 3 serial passages of the virus could bemade in the chickens. There was no\ appreciable increase in the intensity of respiratory symptoms and alsolesions. The respiratory symptoms in the form of tracheal rates developed within 24 hours post-inoculationand become slightly more marked during the next 3 to 4 days.Histopathologically, there was focal epithelial hyperplasia and decliation with mild mononuclear cellinfiltration and edema in the submucosa of the tracheal mucous membrane. Lungs also showed mild

34hyperplasia of bronchial epithelium and mononuclear cell infiltration in the submucosa of bronchiole. Cellularexudate in the lumen of trachea and bronchiole was seen occasionally, which comprised degenerated heterophilsand desquamated epithelial cells. In air sac, mild mononuclear cell infiltration was observed. No lesionswere found in oviduct, while kidneys inconsistently showed few regenerating tubules and mild degeneration ofrenal epithelial cells.The virus during these passages has consistently prcduced respiratory symptoms and histopathologicallesions in trachea and lungs but the virus requires further passages before it could possibly be used as achalle nge strain.Studies on mortalities in small laboratory AnimalsDuring the period from 1 st January 1974 to 6th Dec. 1974, 1120 small laboratory animals of thefollOWing species were received from various divisions for investigation and study. Mice 734, Rats 112,Guinea pigs 141, and Rabbits 133.Rhabdomyoma In a HamsterAn interesting tumour recorded in a hamster for the first time in India was diagnosed as Rhabdomyoma.The tumourous tissue was made up of oval and spindle cells. Wide areas of necrosis and calcification werealso seen in the neoplastic mass. The tumour appeared to be a Rhabdomyoma originating from the massetermuscles whic~ had enclosed portions of normal parotid gland. The specimen was received from a hamsterfrom Mukteswar for histopathological examination and diagnosis. Health coverage to livestock productionprogramme was continued with modern methods.Rabbits were inoculated with Lapinised Rinderpest Virus.3 weeks of inoculation.The convale sent sera were collected afterThe globulin was precipitated from the convalscent sera with ammonium sulphate solution. Theppt was dialysed to remove ammonium sulphate ions. The protein content of the dialysed globulin was estimatedand they were leveled with FITC. The conjugate so leveled was used to detect Rinderp~st Antigen in tissuesand buffy coat of blood of experimental and su~pected cases.Collection of MaterialsThe following materials were collected from the experimental rabbits and calves over ice and werepreserved in the deep-freeze for frozen section (Cryotomy).F iel d Outbreaks Attended(i ) Cattle 1.2.(ii; Poultry 1.2.3.DISEASE INVESTIGATIONOutbreak of Rinderpest at Military Farm, Jabalpur.Outbreak of HCN pOisoning in Delhi Suburban villages.OUlbreak of Ranikhet disease in Delhi Surburban Mehraufi.Outbreak of Avian pasteurellosis at a private poultry farm, Bareilly.Vito A deficiency in growers at State Poultry farm, Bhojipura.Morbid material was examined and important conditions were recorded.Forty eight serum samples collected from old birds were subjected to different serological tests fordetecting antibodies against ARM. 46 samples were found pcsitive by rapid serum plate agglutination test,a II the 48 by tube agglutination, 47 by haemagglutina!ion inhibition test and onl\' 32 by gel· diffusion test.

35STANDARDISATION OF VETERINARYBIOLOGICAL PRODUCTSFurther studies in experimentally infected animals confirmed the positive correlation between the presenceof H.I. antibodies and resistance to challenge infection, with rir,derpest virus.Rinderpest complement fixation test was carried out using antigens prepared from tissues of infectedrabbits, goats and buffalo calves. Hyperimmune sera (free from cross reactions) were raised in cattle and rabbits.Specific C.F. antigens were obtained from infected tissues by precipitation with ammonium sulphate and concentrationby means of forced dialysis against carbowax. Infected rabbit lymph node and spleen suspensionshad low C.F. Activities, the titre rarely exceeded 1 :2. Infected goat lymph node antigen had a titre rangingfrom 1 :12 to 1 :32 while the titre of antigen in infected bovine lymph nodes ranged from 1 :31 to 1 :64.Trials of potency testing of H .S. adjuvant vaccines were carried out in rabbits with a view to replacebuffalo calves and hill bulls. It was observed that rabbits were suitable laboratory animals for potency test ofH.S. adjvant vaccines.Studies on immuno-conglutinin .and hetero-hemagglutinins were carried out in the sera of rabbits. Itwas demonstrated that the titre of heterostimulated immunoconglutinin dropped markedly in rabbits aft!;!rchallenge with Pasteurells multocida or Bacillus anthracis. However, the level of heterohemagglutinins againstvarious red blood cells was not affected markedly.Studies on buffalo complement were also carried out.' Hemolytic complement activity was best demonstratedwith guinea pig red blood celfs and rabbits hemolysin system whereas conglutinating complement activitywas best demonstrated with sheep red blood cells and rabbit r-Iemolysin system there Was no correlationbetween the two complement titres detected using different indicator system.Potency test of Salmonella abortus equi vaccine was successfully carried out in mice.During this period, 53 salmo.nella cultures received from various states and I.V.R.I. Izatnagar/Mukteswarwere serotyped. Sal. typhimurium Sal. enteritidis acccunted for majority of cases of salmonellosis in animals.Occurence of Sal. ga//inarum in poultry was recorded.~ix virus vaccines and four bacterial vaccines were tested for. sterility, safety and potency as per scheduleFl of Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1970. Certain viral and bacterial type cultures were supplied to various partsof the country.EPIDEMIOLOYRetrospective studies on the pattern and frequency of diseases in exotic cattle (the analysis of datawas completed in April of this year)Collection of data on the number and distribution of different breeds. of exotic cattle in various livestockfarms in the country was done. The period for which the data have been collected ranges from 1965-1972.Having ascertained the, distribution proformae were designed for collection of information on eachanimal. These were filled up in majority of cases by personal visits or by post. The information thus obtainedwas transferred i'oto codes and punched into I.B.M. Cards which facilitated further sorting of the data farmwiseand animal-wise.

36ResultsOut of 2,584 animals, 449 have died giving rise to 17.37% of mortality during the entire period of thisstudy. When the mortality experience in individual breeds are considered, it has been observed that Jerseyshave the highest m"ortality, to be followed by Gue rnsey, Red-dane, Holstein-Friesian and Brown-Swiss in thedecreasing order.The mortality experience of animals is considered they are grouped as (i) those above 2 years of age, (ii)those between 1 and 2 years of age and (iii) those less than 1 year of age. This grouping was necessitated bythe fact that most of the imported animals arrived in this country normally as heifers or young bulls over theage of 2 years. Hence a comparison of the mortality experience between imported and farm-born cattle couldonly be done in those over two years of age. Here it has been observed that the differences in mortality betweenimported and farm-born animals are highly significant in Red-Dane (P LO.01 and significant in JerseysP LO.05) in both males and females, whereas no such significance has been observed in Holstein-Friesians.In Red-dane, the importeds in both the sexes have suffered more deaths than the farm-barns, in Jerseys,the situation is just the reverse in males and females; the imported males suffering more deaths as comparedto the Farm-born males and farm-born fEmales suffering mo;e deaths than the imported females. When thedifferences in mortality was considered between males and females in imported and farm-born groups separately,it has been observed that in the farm-born group, females have suffered more deaths than males in allthe three breeds, whereas, in the imported 'group such diHerence has been observed only in Holstein­Friesian.The mortality experience in the two sexes in 1-2 yea'r and less than 1 y,ear age groups indicates that themortality in both males and females has been more in less than one year age group in Jerseys and Red-danes.In Holstein-Friesians, however, there is no significant difference in females of the two groups, whereas thereis a marginal significance (P L 0.01) in male-deaths being more in 0-1 year as compared to 1-2 year age group.When mortality experience between the two sexes are ccmpared in each of the above two age groups, it hasbeen observed that the differences He significant only in Holstein-Friesians in less than one year age group,where there have been more deaths in males as compared to females. It is also observed that the mortalityhas been very high (43.71%) in Jersey animals in the 0-1 year age group.Among the different causes of death, it has been observed that deaths due to pneumonia alone accountedfor 20.41 % of the total causes. Among the specific causes, Foot and Mouth Disease accounted for ,bout11.83% of deaths. Salient findings are :-1. The overall mortality rate was found to be 17.37%.2. A comparison of the mortality experience in Imported and Farm-born groups indicated that in Reddanes,the imported animals had suffered more deaths than the Farm- barns.3. Deaths in females, especially in the Farm-born groups were significantly higher than those in males,in all the three ege-groups considered.4. The high mortality viz. 43.71% observed in Jersey animals of 0-1 year age group was found to bedue to Foot and Mouth Disease and pneumonia.5. The mortality in both males and females has been more in less than one year age group in Jerseysand Red-danes. In Holstein-Friesian, however, there was no significant difference in fEmales ofthe two groups, whereas there is a marginal significance (P L 0.01) in male-deaths being more in0.1 year as compared to 1-2 year age group.Studies on the pattern of mortality in exotic viz~a-vis cross bred and indigenous ~attle in some ofthe organized farmsData have been collected in respect of 15,532 animals including 1,514 animals from I.V.R.1. dairy atIzatnagar and 13,018 animals from Haringhatta Farm! West Bengal by personal visits using proformae designed

37to furnish mortality information. All these data have since been screened and preliminary processing hasbeen done so as to eliminate erratic and obviously wrong data. Of these data concerning 8,338 animals havebeen coded so far and sent for punching.3. National and International Research CollaborationNone.VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTHStudies on spontaneous coronary lesion in local pig and buffaloes. The lesions of fatty streak/spot observed in the present study were similar to those described in theseanimals from other parts of the world. The lesion Was comparable to early and uncomplicated lesion of atherosc;leros:sreported in human beings. No correlc:.tion could be established between the type and severity of thelesions observed in coronaries aortas. Further studies would be continued.Studies on Rickettsial zoonosisA total of 795 human and animal serum samples were tested for Q fever antibodies by capillary agglutinationtest. The study showed the presence of Q fever antibodies in human and animals amongst the localpopulation studied i.e. in Bareilly city and round about areas.Studies on pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO)For finding out the incidence of various bacterial infections of zoonotic significance, amongst patientssuffering from P.U.O. 209 serum samples, collected from Agra, Bareilly and Izatnagar were put to serologicaleX2mination. The significant finding was the presence of leptoshira, Q-fever and Bruce'lla antibodies in someof the patients at Agra and Bareilly, besides usual cases of E. coli and salmonella infections.Bacteriologici;ll studies on meat and meaJ products with special reference to public health aspectsBacteriological studies on poultry meat meant for human consumption were carried out with a view toaSSESS the hygienic quality at different stages of production and preservation. It was observed that chilling ofthe meat and deep freezing considerably lowered t he bacterial load. Dry, cured and smoked chicken meat wasfound to contain minimum bacterial load as compared to simply cured and wet cured samples. In the curedproducts staphylococci and micrococci were the predominating organisms encountered.Enterotoxin production by staphylococcal isolates from man and foodsStaphylococca I isolates from a variety of foods and from man have been examined for the first time in thiscountry for assessing their potential as health hazard to human beings from food borne staphylococcal intoxicationswhile applying all the five toxin systems.Enterotoxigenic staphylococci were found in 4 out of 211 samples (4/211) of dairy milk, 7/127 goatmeat, 5/66 buffalo meat, 2/55 pork, 6/60 human at faeces, 12/40 human nasal swabs and 4/35 human milk.Enterotoxin 'C' was found to be elaborated by majority of the enterotoxigenic isolates both from man and foods.Detection of Salmonella organisms in milkMethod has been standardised to detect the minimum level of 10 organisms per litre of milk.ANIMAL NUTRITIONInvestigation were carried out on five major projects of the Division. These projects are (1) FeedTechnology and Processing- Use of agro-industrial by products as cattle feed (2) cattle and buffalo nutrition(3) Sheep & goat nutrition (4) Pigs and laboratory Animal Nutrition (6) Rumen Digestion and metabolism.

38During the year 14 Ph.D. scholars and 2 M .V.Sc., itudents were war king for their post-graduate degrees.A brief summary of the work done project-wise is given below.Nutritive studies with neem seed cakeAn experiment on 12 cross-bred mBle cow-calves showed that the animals when fed on neem seed cakeat the rate of 25% of their digestible crude protein requirement gave poor growth as compared to the controlgroup. Even a lower level of feeding viz 12t% of the DCP requirement through neem seed cake gave significantlylower growth rate. The neem seed cake as such was not palatable.Studies were conducted in processing the neem seed cake to make it palatable and to rEmove the incriminatingmatelial from the cake causing adverse effect on growth. After various trealments, it was found thatsoaking in 1 % NaOH solution for 2 hours in the ratio of 1:10 (W;V) and washing with water could makethe cake palatable.Preparation/manufacture of ready made feed urea and molasses impregnated roughagesBy the use of a hand operated baling press (fabricated as per our specification and requirement) 20bales of hay w€re made. Bales of hay enriched with 1.5% urea and 10% molasses as well as of wheatbhocsa enriched with 1.5% urea & 10% molasses were also made. Their nutritional value will be assessedexperimentally.Studies on buffalo nutrition (Protein requirement of buffalo calves)This project was started in June 1972 and its second phase was completed on 11.4.1974. Growth studywas conducted on nine male and twelve female buffalo calves from 3 months to about 19 months ofage. The calves were divided into 3 groups of 3 male and 4 female calves each and were fed on threelevels of protein viz. 65, 91 and 102% of NRC (1966) standard and it was found that there was no significantdifference in the growth rate in the three groups. The results indicate that it is feasible to rear buffalo calveson a low protein, energy adequate ration without affecting their growth rate. This can result in considerablesaving of the already scarce protein supplements. Digestibility and nitrogen balances have also been studiedin the experiment.Growth performance of cross-bred calves on various feeding standardsThere is considerable variation in the recommended requirements of protein and energy for growingdairy calves in various important feeding standards viz. Sen and Ray (1964). NRC (1966) and NRC (1971).'In the NRC (1971) requirements, the protein requirement for heifers has been reduced by 25-30% and energyrequirements by 12-16% when ccmpared to NRC (1966). In the experiments under this project, 9 Hclsteinx Hariana and 9 Brown Swiss x Hariana cross-breds of about 7-11 months of age were divided into 3 similargroups and were fed bcp and TDN requirements according to the aforesaid three standards respectively. It'was observed that the growth rate is 281 days on the NRC (1971) was lower in both the ~reeds as comparedto those on Sen & Ray (1964) and NRC (196B) standards. A digestibility trial has also been conducted to3ssess nutrient utilization in the three groups.Studies'on trace elements-soil, plant animal relationshipAnalysis of fodder samples from Himachal Pradesh for zinc, managanese and copper showed that most ofthem were adEquate in manc:genese and copper but deficient in zinc. The legumes were not deficient in zinc.In May, 1974, Terai area in U.P. was surveyed and 85 fodder samples, 25 soil samples and 133 bleedsamples were collected. It was found that 80% CQW calves, 33% cattle and 50% buffalo calves and adultbuffaloes had low haemoglobin in their blood.

39Utilization of urea molasses liquid feed as a main source of energy for milk production in crossbred cows12 cross-bred cows of first and second lactation with an average milk yield of B kg/day which were inmilk for 70-90 days were divided in 2 groups. One group was fed concentrate mixture and green oats andwheat straw as per NRC (1971) recommendations. The other group of 6 cows were offered urea-molassesliquid diet (2.5% urea in molasses) ad libitum. In addition they were also given 500 g of groundnut cakeand 15 kg of green oats to supply 1 kg dry matter from green fodder per 100 kg body weight. A digestiontrial was conducted after 3 months of experimental feeding. The dry matter intake per 100 kg body weightand digestibility of crude protein and crude fibr~ did not differ significClntly. The digestibility of dry matterand total carbohydrates were significantly higher in the urea-molasses group. The efficiency of utilization ofenergy for milk production was significantly lower in urea-molasses, group although the efficiency of utilizationof nitrogen into milk nitrog,en was similar in the two groups. The results thus show that the availabilityof energy from urea-molasses feed is insufficient for milk production. In the next phase of the experiment,the urea-molasses diet was supplemented with maize 800 gjheadjday and the experiment is in progress.Liquid urea molasses feeding with poultry droppings and groundnut cake for growth production incross-bred and buffalo calves6 cross-bred and 3 buffalo ca'ives at 6 months of age were fed ,green oats to provide about 800 9 drymatter per 100 kg body weight, urea-molasses ad libitum and a mixture of poultry droppings and G.N.Cake in theratio of 1:1 to supply about 1j3rd of crude protein requirement. Avera~e growth performance in 112 days!was 300 g/day in cross-breds & 238 g/day on buffalo calves.In another experiment on 6 cross-bred maie calves and 3 maie and 3 female buffalo calves on a similarration (except that instead of oats, green maize was used and the ratio of poultry droppings G.N.Cake was4:1 instead of 1:1) the average growth rate in 56 days was 262, 214 and 107 g/day respectively.Effect of protecting dietary nitrogen on the efficiency of its conversion to milk proteinSalseed meal (Shorea robusta) has been used to protect dietary nitrogen from ruminal degradationin an experiment on 12 Hariana cows divided into 2 groups of six animals of the control group were fedon green, berseem ad lib, while the experimental group was fed ad lib on the same green berseem protectedwith sBls.eed meal (1 % of berseem). There was no difference in the digestibility of proximate principles ormilk yield or live weight of the animals in the two groups. The experiment was repeated by reversing thetreatments in the two groups & similar results were obtained.Assessment of calorific value (DE/ME) of Indian feeds and fodders using Rostock equations andpublished factorsThe data of 282 feeds and fodders from Sen & Ray values with the help of Rostock equations and werefound to be in the expected range.Replacement of groundnut cake with mustard cake in swine rationsOn account of non-availability of groundnut cake, an attempt was made to use mustard cake in theration of pigs. It was found that the performance of the animals was lower on mustard cake, but the resultswere non conclusive on account of low number of animals used in the experiment.

40Studlis'(m'the production' rat8s,of microbial' protein in the rumen. Phase II Measurem'ents of proteinsynthesis rates by using radio-isotopesThe production rate of microbial protein in the rumen of H year old buffalo fed green maize wasdetermined with HC and 35S radio-isotopes. The production rate of bacteria was 96.2±4.17 mg/min,.which was significantly correlated with dry matter consumption, N intake, digestible organic mc;ttter intake,total volatile fatty acids and APT formed in the rumenStudies on the protection of dietary proteins from mic'robial degradation in the rumenExotic male calves were fed in different "groups with rape cake either unprotecfed or protected (treated)with 6% formaldehyde as part of a concentrate mixture containing 50% cake, 40% maize and 10% bran.Their growth rate, dig'estibility and balances of nutrients 'are beiog studied.Studies on acetate, propionate and glucose utilization for milkfat and other milk components inbuffaloes and cows by the help of .radio. tracersrnfusion of HC-acetate, HC-propionate and 3H-glucose in blood and the incorporation of the radioisotopein milk liquids, milk casein, milk lactabumin and milk lactose was studied . .in two cows and two buffaloes..The results indicated that the time of maximum incorpo ration of the 14C-accetate and HC-propionatein l'J'lilk lipids was much earlier (about i) in buffaloes as compared to cows. The total percent incorporationof 14C-propionat ~ and 3H -glucos~ was 3 to 4 times higher in milk Hpids of buffalo~s as compared to cows.These factors may be related to the synthesis of higher milk fat in buffaloes as compared to cows, althoughthe total percent incorporation of 14 C-acetate did no t differ in milk I ipids of the two species.Isolation and characterisation of rumen bacteria from buffalo and cattleThree strains of celll!lolytic ruminal cocci were isolated Which belonged to the genera Ruminococcus.The strains were pure and were Gram-negative to Gram variable in nature. Biochemically all the strains werenegative for catalase production nor produced hydrogen sulphide. Two out of the three strains did not fermentglucose. The strains did' not utilize' starch but were positive for cellobiose fermentation test.Poultry Genetics and BreedingPOULTRY FtESEARCHA test cross involving four broiler strains was undertaken. The average body weight at ten weeks ofage for the combined sexes 'varied from 974 gm to 1504 gm for the pure strains, 1219 to 1477 gm for thesirain crosses a,nd 1260 to 1581 gm for the crossbreds. The ten crosses involving Cornish strains as malelines and Rock strains as female line exceeded 1500 gm at same age of measurement. The feed efficiency fordifferent genetic groups ranged from 2.32 to 2.85. Crossbreds were superior to purebreds for livability. Heterosisof va,rying a~oun,t was observed' in different. crosses for different ·traits. Analysis-of variance revealed highlysignificant diffe'rences among the three mating system with respect to body weight at 10 weeks but not forliyabiJity. At the .age of ten weeks strain crosses wejghed consistently heavier than the pure strains wh ile thecro"ss-breds outweighed strain crosses. With respect to viability the crossesbreds were 8% more viable thanthe pure strains while the strain crosses had an advantage of 2% only. From these results it was evident thatcross-breeding would be of better avail to achieve the broiler weight with the population under study.DUEl to differential contribution of sire and dam and due to negative correlation between growth and reproductiontraits, use of separate sire and dam lines selected on specialized index is desirab·le. for the productionof commercial broiler. Selection indices were therefore constructed for broiler dam lines taking into considerationegg production, growth rate and egg weight. Selection indices with equal economic weightage for egg

produe

42A series of experiments with mustard oil cake with broiler type starters indicated that the cake could be .used upto 10% level in the ration without any deleterious effects on weight gains, feed efficiency or weightgains. Although there was an enlargement of thyroids in mustard cake fed groups, this has not adversely affectedt~e performance 9f the birds and the goitrogenic effect of mustard oil cake may not be of consequencenutritionally., Sunflower seed cake is another product tried sucessfully in this laboratory during the' year. In WL startingchict method within 24 hours. There was more drip.

43in wet cured birds but practically non in dry cured birds. Cured smoked birds could be preservedfor 5 days at room temperature and for 15 days at refrigeration temperature. Addition of 10 PPM of mycocillinprevented micro growth for 2 more days. But more work is required in this matter.AJ)other project that has been taken up is the effect of scalding temperature on defeathering Gnd itseffect on the shelf life of dressed birds. It was found that when birds are dipped in scaled water at a temperatureof 130°F to 132°F for 1.0 to 1.5 minutes, had the maximum beneficial effect. At a temperature of 135°Fdefeathering was very good but the outer skin was badly cooked and the birds were very sticky. Temperatureslower than 130°F were not very effective and many pin feather were observed.Another project, that ha.s been going on in the technology laboratory is the production of poultry byproductmeal and feather meal and utilizing them as substitute for fish meal in poultry ration.By-product from the dressing plmt, except feathers and blood, were collected and cooked at 1 Kg/cm 2for 45 minutes and the cooked by-products were minced and dried at 70°F for 18 hours. The dried productWaS used as substitute for fish meal in poultry ration at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of fish meal in broilerrations. The results indicate that by-products meal could be substituted for fish meal upto 75% without anydelete rio us effects on grcwth, mortality of feed efficiency.Feather meal was produced by collecting feathers and processing them at 1 Kg/cm 2 for 1 hour, 2 Kg/cm 2. for 1 hour, 3 Kg/cm 2 for 1 hour, 3 I(g/cm~ for 30 minutes, 4 Kg/cm 2 for 1 ho ur and 4 Kg/cm 2 for 30 minutes.The cooked feathers had become bottled. They were minced into a powder form and then fed to broilers toreplace fish meal at 25%, 50% and 100% of fish meal in the ration.It was observed that feather meal produced at 3 Kgjcm 2 for 1 hour and 3 Kg/cm 2 for 30 minutes hadthe b~st utility. The other meals were not as good as the above two meals and these two could replace fishmeal to the extent of 25% in the broiler ration.Further work is in progress.ANIMAL GENETICSStudies on changes in the gene frequency and its variance of an autosomal allele 'b' (Black bodycolour) in Tribolium castaneum under random and circular mating system and associated changes inbody weightThe effect of difference in effective population size was examined on gene and genotype frequenciesof an autosomal gene (black colour mutant) in Tribolium castaneum. Difference in effectjve popUlation sizewas induced by random mating with some restrictions and circular mating. The number of breeding individualswas kept constant. Heterozygotes were fewer than expected. The change in gene frequency due todifference in effective population size in various mating systems was not in agreement with the theoreticalexpectations, rather the order become irregular due to operation of selection against heterozygotes and arapid decline of frequency of bb genotype in the first generation.A consistent trend of pupa weight was not observed in different mating sY3tems. Non-significant correlationsbetween variance (if breeding value and observed vari

44second lactations were significantly affected by sire. For 3rd lactation, the mean of total yield of' cool seasbnwas significantly higher than those of other seasons. Effects of seasons of calving and preceding dry periodon current service period was not consistent in different lactations.Further, a significant increase of 0.37 Kg in first lactation yield per day increase in the age at first calvingwas observed. A significant effect of season on dry period of 3rd and 4th lactation and on intercalving periodof 4th lactation was also found. The effect of age at first calving on intercalving period of 1 st and 2nd lactationswas also significant. Estimates of heritability of lactation length, total lactation yield and corrected yieldwere 0.39±0.18, 0.69±0.26 and 0.36± 0.17 respectively. Significant positive phenotypic correlations wereobserved between total lactation yield with those of age at first calving, lactation length, corrected yield andservice period, while negative correlation of totallactaticn yield with gestation and dry period was found.Immunogenetics and Biochemical GeneticsA simultaneous approach to quantitative and qualitative variation in farm animal research usingImmunogenetic, Biochemical genetic and Statistical techniquesDuring the period' under report 650 samples were analysed for serum cholesterol and 260 for phosphomonoesterases.The salient findings are as under.1. A difference due to breed was observed with regard to serum cholesterol in cattle.2. Serum cholesterol was found to increase with age till maturity.3. There exists a difference in serum cholesterol between pure breds and cross:..breds.4. Considerable variation was observed between different grades. with regardi to· serum cholesterol'. However',the trend was not similar in Dhospho-monoesterases.1. Protein Po_/ymorphism studies(a) During the year 1238 blood samples were typed for different polymophism viz. (a) albumin (b) Transferrin(c) haemoglobin (d) ceruloplasmin (e) phosphatase, and (f) amylase. 443 milk samples were also typed forB-Iactoglobulin and B-casein.All the usual phenotypes as previously reported were observed. Tharparkar animals showed thepresence of faster moving Tf variant hitherto not reported for Indian cattle. One sample belonging to Sahiwalx Friesian cross-bred animal showed the absence of a fast moving variant. These two phenotypes have beenconfirmed by repeat testing. A marked difference was observable in the ge'ne frequency of various variantsbetween breeds/genetic groups.(b) Attempts were further made to study the effects of the haemoglobin and transferrin alleles on economictraits, using least square analysis technique. No significant results were observed. Further investigations withmore data might produce meaningful results.(c) Blood groups studies200 Sahiwal blood samples were blood typed with the available blood typing reagents. A markeddifference was observed in the frequency of some of the blood group antigenic factors when compared withthat of the previously tested breeds/genetic group.Studies on blood groups and Biochemical polymorphism in Indian Sheep311 animals of pure Muzaffarnagri breed have been typed for haemoglobin and transferrin types, Inaddition 108 crossbred lambs of Muzaffarnagri and Corriedale have been typed for haemoglobin and transferrinphenotypes. The frequency of transferrin types in adult animals, is A=0.053, B=0.313, C=0.02,0=0.604 and E=0.003. The frequency of transferrin variants TfB and TtD is more than the other transferrintypes like TtA, TfC and TfE. With respect of haemoglobin all the three genotypes AA. AB and BB have beenobserved in which HbB has g~t frequency.

45lambs: All the five alleles A,8,C,D and E with frequencies 0.037, 0.052 and 0.004 have been observed.TfD and TfB had highest frequencies. All the three genotypes of HbAA, HbBB have been observed,CYTOGENETICSStandardizing of Karyotypic techniques for cattleThe standardization for grow.ing lymphocytes in suspension cultures has been completed. Photomicro­-graphs were taken for genotypes sexes. It was observed that the chromosome of Hariana differs from that ofJlilolst.ei~'-Friesian morphologi~a"y. This morphological diff.erence can be advantageously used as a marker fordentlfyrng the breed of the sire or any crossbred male cCllf rn cases of doubt.The chromosomal analysis and karyotyping of Hariana, Holstein-Friesian and their crossbreds is i.nprogress. It is proposed to study one more zebu and exotic breed with a view to see whether they have thesimilar chromosomal difference exhibited by Hariana and Holstein-Friesian.The work on infertility in cattle is being investigated.Sub-fertility and infertility in bovines: Studies on 'Anoestrum clinical. Pathological, Biochemicaland HQrmonal aspectsThe work on this project for determining the incidence of true anoestrum was continued during theperiod. Different sexual health control camps were visited nalTlely Nawabganj, Clutterbuckganj and Baheri.In addition, animals presented at the IVRI, A.1. Centre were also investigated, By now, over 1500 buffaloesand cows inciuding heifers have been investigated. Data will be analysed aft~r the end of the current year.It has been found that all the cases of "reported anoestrum" are not true ca.ses of anoestrum. The overallincidence of true anoestrum has been found to vary between 45 to 55% in different categories of the animals(H, BH, C & BC). About 25% of the animals had active corpus luteum in one of the ovaries indicating theoccurrence of silent or weak heat.Six MurrBh buffalo heifers and two Hariana heifers were sacrificed. These animals Were matureand were cases of true anoestrus. The endocrine glands namely Pituitary, Thyroid and adrenals and ovarieshave been studied histo-pathologically. The studies on estrogen hormone in urine have also been conducted.The coppe'r content of blood were also estimated. The cholesterol content of blood serum has been found tobe rather high in these anoestrous heifers in comparison to the normal cycling heifers. These studies are be]ngcontinued. .Genetic and seasonal effect on the sperm of cattle and buffalo bullsWith a view to carry out various possible studies on species/breed differences, strain/stock differencesand other genetic and environmental effects on spermatozoal attributes in bulls and buffalo bulls, weekly.semen ~amples were collected and 700 permanent slides were prepared. Nigrosin eosin stain has been usedto differentiate live and dead spermatozoa.Data on physical characteristics of semen. gave following. figures for various observations.BullBuffalo bull1. Dea'd spermatozoa 15% 16%2. Spermatozoa count 12.00 mill. per ml. 950 millions per ml..3·. pH 6-8 6-94. Volume 5.8 mI. 1.5 to 5.00 ml.6. Initial mortility values. 80% 70%

46Flourescent microscopic studies were continued and the technique of identification of X and Y bearingspermatozoa was standardized.A.I. Field work.A.!, Unit, IVRI, IzatnagarDuring the period under the report at A.I Unit IVRI Izatnagar, 2.037 animals were inseminated, consistingof 1043 she-buffaloes and 994 cows. Under "door to door follow up" programme 264 cows and 26 buffaloeswere examined for pregnancy and 54.0% cows and 40.0% buffaloes were diagnosed pregnant. In addition tothis 86 cross-bred calves were located in the surrounding villages out of which 48 were females and 38 males.A.I. Unit, Rithora CentreAt this centre 649 animals were inseminated during the year, comprising 309 she-buffaloes and 340cows. Under "door to door follow up" programme about 56 cross-bred calves were located. Out of thesecalves 36 were males and 20 females.livestock production (Sheep)ANIMAL BREEDINGBreeding :-117 crossbred lambs were born during this year from the ewes served till July. 1974.Growth :- Of the 3 types of lambs at birth the Dorset X Muzaffarnagri crosses were heaviest (Male3.5 kg, Female 3.17 Kg.) following by Suffolk x Muzaffc:rnagri closses (Male 3.0 Kg. Females 3.06 Kg). Thecorresponding figure for Muzaffar Nagri was 2.9 Kg. and 2.75 Kg. The growth rate upto weaning 130 gm/dayfor Dorset females lambs. For suffolk crosses it was 155 gm. and 105 gm per day for male and female lambs respectively.The corresponding figure for purchased Muzaffar Nagri was 110 gm. and 88 gm, per day. The crossbredweighed more than purebred Muzaffar Nagri at weanir.g. The carcass study on 60 Muzaffar Nagri malelambs at of about 8 months revealed an average slaL:Ghter weight of 29.4 Kg. and the average dressed weight14.04 Kg. The Bone: lean + Fat percentage are given below: Muzaffc.r Nagri (Entire) 20.02: 79.98. MuzaffarNagri (Constnoted) 18.63 : 81.37.Wool Studies: Average greasy fleece weight for male and female lambs at 6-7 months of age was 709gms and 517 gms respectively. The greasy fleece wei\:lht for adults varied from 260 gm. to 1.610 Kg.PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGYIn the Animal Climatology Laboratory, studies on the zone of thermoneutrality of Hariana cattle and itsFl crosses with Holstein Friesian. arown Swiss and Jersey were continued at various temparatures completingboth the sets of investigations up to 3rC. The studies at higher temperature are being continued. Thoughthere is a distinct difference in the pattern of physiological responses of the different breed crosses at temperaturesabove 32°C. conclusions can be derived only when the work is completed with 42°C run and all theinformations on different physiological systems are pooled.In the Rumen Physiology laboratory five trials were conducted with biostimulator on farm (sheep andgoat) and laboratory animals (rats). Slaughter house by-products (buffalo spleen) were mostly used to preparethe biostimulator. In one trial with laboratory animals maize pollen was used to study its biostimulant action.It was ob3erved that both in farm and laboratory animals the biostimulator treated group gained the body weightfaster than those in the control groups u pta certain body weight. But thereafter no significant biostimulanteffect was noticed. The study on the weight of endocri~e glands did not show any differential trend between

47experimental and control groups. It was confirmed that the cross-bred goats were less responsive to thebiostimulator.The third trial with Black Bengal kids is in progress and an attempt is being made to establish a chemicalmethod for standardization of potency of the biostimulator,The study with the maize pollen on laboratory animals did not exhibit the biostimulant action.In the Endocrinology laboratory, the work was done on two UNDP/IAEA projects, which were related toreproduction in the livestock. These projects were: (a) Synchronization of heat and control on the efficiencyof reproduction in farm animals (Black Bengal and goats), and (b) the reproductive dysfunction in ruminants,(buffaloes). Studies were also carried out on the thyroid function of crossbred males in relation to differentclimatic conditions.Apart from handling of these projects, techniques were standardized for the assessment of T, and certainNADR and NADH dependent enzymes. Since the cattle mentioned enzymes are related to synthesis and hydro­Iyzation of steroids, studies were taken up on them 'to evaluate the steroidogenic status of the endocrineglands.In the Toxicology laboratory surveillance and monitoring of the insecticides residues in the feeds andfodders of livestock and livestock products wete continued in respect of the organohalogen and organophosphorusinsecticides. The persistent residue of widely used DDT was determined in various fodders like oats,maize, berseem and wheat bhoosa. Feed ingredients like maize, barley, oats, wheat bran, oil cakes etc. andthe compounded feeds like concentrate mixtures for cattle, sheep, laboratory animals ana poultry were analysed.All these samples were found to contain a Ipw level of DDT residue varying from 0.08 to 0.8 ppm. The residuewas found to be very low and not likely to cause a toxic hazard to the livestock.Milk and egg samples obtained from the farm animals maintained on the rations containing the abovementioned levels of DDT showed a residue of 0.035 and 0.042 ppm respectively which are low in comparisonto the maximum permitted levels of W.H.O.jF.A.O.Malathion, the organophosphorus compound, when administered to a buffalo bull in a dose level of 2-8mgjkg body weight indicated an initial inc'rease in the reticulo-rumen movements, both in the primary and secondarywaves. Rumination started 5-10 minutes, post administration and continued for 15-20 hours. Frequentcessation of the motility for 10-15 minutes towards the 4th & 5th day post-feeding was observed suggestingthe possible effect of malathion on the digestibility. The work is in progress.In the Pharmacology and Plant Chemistry laboratory, eight indigenous medicinal plants were tested fortheir anthelmintic activity against A. galli., Out of the plants tested Carica papaya (H-Papeeta) and Buteafrondosa (H-Pa/as) seeds showed significant anthelmintic activity. A few compounds have been obtained, fromthe Carica papaya and Butea frondosa seeds. The pharp1acological actions of these compounds are beinginvestigated.Further"work was carried out on mange infected sheep to !>tudy.the comparative efficacy of Cedrusdeodara oil with those of standard preparation like Tetmosol and Ascab iol. Cedrus deodara oil was observedto be more effective than Tetmosol and Ascabiol.

48EXTENSIONStaff coursesTwo Staff courses sponsored by Directorate of E~tension of the Ministry of Agriculture & Irrigation wereorganised (1) in egg marketing and (2) diseases of exotic cattle and sheep and their control. The participantsfrom various states in each course was 23.EXhibitionsExhibitions WQre organised in Bareilly, lawns of Parliament Hou~e and All India Livestock & Poultry showin New Delhi.Audiovisual,ActivitiesTwenty technical films shows were organised for the Scientific staff, post-graduate students, and participants9f specialised staff courses. Two new films were purchased during the year and added to the filmlibrary.Advice to' FarmersThirty two farmers and livestock owners were rendered advice on the problems relating to health oftheir anim~ls and production. Wherever necessary, collaboration and assistance from various Division wassought.Guiding Visi.torsThirty nine parties of students, scientists, and general public were taken around to various Divisions,R@searc;1J laborat9ries .and Farms and the recent advances in the areas of Livestock health, production andtechnology were explained and discussed with them.Open ,Day & F.arme(s DayThe Division organised Farmers' Day and Open Day on 10th and 11th Dec .• 1974 on the occasion ofAnnual Day Celebrations of the Institute.The activities of the Division will be further expanded and strengthened during the coming years.Cell/CultureREGIONAL STATION. IVRI. HEBBAL, BANGALORE(i) Studies with BHK21 cells: The BHK21 cell line is being countinued to be maintained with regularsubculturing and preservation of seloG_ted passages in liquid nitrogen. The preliminary chromosome studieswere undertaken at selected passage level of the cell line. An attempt was made to adapt the monolayer cellline to suspension cultures and this is being continued.(ii) Growth of BHK21 cells in Roller Drum: The BHK21 cells were also grown in one litre bottles andtubes in rotating machines with familiar idea to grow the cells on all the surfaces of the bottle thU~ increasingthe ,yield of cells obtained per bottle or tube. The cells in various concentrations were suspended in the growthmedium and it was found that 1.8 to 2.0 million celiS/bottle having 112 ml medium were sufficient for completecell sheet which usually developed within four days of incubation.

49(iii) Growth of BHK21 cells in other media: To explore' tlie possibility of (Ising media without aminoacids,to support the growth of BHK21 cells other culture media particularly Hank's and Eagel's were tried. It wasobserved that cells originally suspended in Eagle's medium can be grown in Hank's growth 'medium with 10%bovine serum and the growth of the cells was good. But the growth was as expected not satisfactory whenfurther sub-cultured in the same medium. Further work is in progress.(iv) Bovine kidney, Primary Culture: Primary calf kidney and thyroid cultures were put up as and whenrequired. The calf kidney cultures were used for the titration of the FMD virus types. Calf kidney cell successfullysubcultur~d for 43rd passage in Eagle's medium without any apparent morphological changes but after2-4 passages the cells seemed to gradually loose their ability to support virus multiplication.Studies with FMD Virus .FM D Virus types O,A,C and Asia-1 adopted to goat kidney primary cultures had been earlier reported tomultiply and produce complete CPE (Cytopathic effect) in B,HK 21 cells within 24-28 hours. All, the four typesof FM D viruses have undergone 10-12 serial passages in B HK21 cells. The Eagle's medium was used butwithout serum.The specificity of the virus was checked by complement fixation test whenever required.When consistent CPE was obtained all the four types of the'virus were at different tissue culture passagelevel titrated in BHK21 cells. The titres of all the four types ranged from 5.5-'6.5 per millilitre when lested in unweanedmice, calf kidney primary cultures and BHK21 cells. It was observed that further passaging of thesetypes in B HK21 cell did not make any appreciable difference in titre.An attempt to increase the virus titre was made by taking the seed virus from end point dilution duringpassaging in BHK21 cells. Thus type '0' virus was passaged and titrated at alternate passages but without anysuccess.Similarly no inc'rease in virus titre could be noticed when Asia-I cattle tongue virus was directly adoptedto B HK21 cells ar.d titrated in tile same system.The guinea-pig adapted type 'A' virus received from lVluktcswar and preserved was passaged in guineapigsto check its viability and freshen up the same. The virus was found to be potent and it was used tochallenge the guinea-pigs inoculated with experimental batch of FMD virus type 'A' vaccine.Preparation of Monovalent Inactivated Type "A' VaccineThe first experimental batch of foot and mouth disease (3000 doses) inactivated monovalent tissueculture vaccine was p'repared against typo 'A' virus using BHK21 cells on donor system. The harvested viruswas treated with 2% chloroform, aluminium hydroxide gel was used as adjuvant and the virus was inactivatedfor 48 hours at 25°C in the presence of formalin. The vaccine having undergone sterility, preliminary innocuityand potency test in small animals and observed to be satisfactory, is being subjected to potency test in cattleat the Division of BacterioJ'ogy and Virology.Small Animal FacilityA colony with a stock of about 500 mice and 600 guinea-pigs are being bred and maintained. Duringthe period about 100 guinea-pigs and 48 mice lit res were supplied for vaccine testing and other virus work, Asizeable nlimber of guinea-pigs and mice were sold also to other Instititutes. Sporadic salmonella infection ina few guinea-pigs and mice colony appeared and S. typimurium was isolated from dead animals. This occurredduring stress period, especially during cold weather or excessive rain.Periodically the faecal samples are bieng screened for bacterial pathogens and also Neftin is beingadministered in the fe~d.

50REGIONAL ANIMAL NUTRITION CENTRE, PALAMPURDigestibility and nutritive value of soyabean huskFollowing increased production of soyabeans, a by product consisting of soya pods, bran flake and soyastraw is accumulating at many agricultural farms. The composition and nutritive value of the stuff termed soyabeanbhoosa (SB) have been evaluated and compared with wheat bhoosa (WB). The crude protein, calcium andphosphorus contents in SB were almost double of those in WB. Typical composition of S8 on percent drymatter basis was crude protein 6.31, ether extract 1.69, crude fibre 41.00, NFE 38.62, total ash 12.48, calcium0.49 and phosphorus 0.12.The evaluation of nutritive value of SB in comparison with WB was carried out in a switch over designexperiment on six yearling male calves divided into two groups and rotated in the two treatments in two periodsof one month each. The two roughages fed ad lib to calves in the two treatments respectively, were supplementedwith scheduled quantities of cottonseed cake to meet the DCP requirement and adequate quantities ofcommon salt and mineral mixture supplement. Seven day metabolic trials were carried out after three weekspreliminary feeding in each period.During the experimentai period, the gains in liveweight of calves in the two treatments were similar. Thetotal dry mattar intake of calves in g/kg WO'75 on 5B ration was 131 g, being significantly higher (at 5%level) over 105 g on the WB ration.The digestibilities of dry matter on the two rations were 54 and 50 per cent respectively, being significantlyhigher (at 5% level) on the SB ration. This, however, was due to the significantly higher (at 1% level)digestibility of nitrogen free extract (57 vs 47) as there were no significant differences in the digestibilities ofcrude protein, ether extract or crude fibre. The digestibility of gross energy in the treatments was also similar.The DCP intake of calves in g/head/day on the SB ration was, significantly higher (at 5% level) averaging228 against 147 on the WB ration. The TDN and DE intakes on two rations were, however, statisticallysimilar. The retention of nitrogen in g/head/day on the SB ration was 17.9 being, significantly (at 5% level)higher over 7.2 on the WB ration.The digestibilities of the organic nutrients in the two roughages per se were calculated by eliminating thenutrients digested from the cake. On the basis of the average composition and average digestibility data theOCP content in WB was negative or nil and that in 58 1,64% on dry matter basis. The TON content in thetwo roughages was, however, calculated to be of the same order i.e. 42.7 and 44.9% respectively.Studies on the utilization of low grade roughages for economic feeding of animalsLocal hayStudies to improve the utilization of poor quality local hay were carried out on five fistulated bullocks ofan aVerage liveweight of 230 kg in a 5 X 5 X 5 switch over design experiment spread over five periods of onemonth each. The five treatments included supplementation of hay on equivalent nitrogen basis with linseedcake or urea or urea plus molasses and urea supplementation of hay sprayed with 1.5 or 3.0% alkali solution.In each case the ration was adequately supplemented with common salt, mineral mixture and Vitamin A. Aseven day motabolic trial was carried out in each period after a minimum preliminary feeding period of 21 days.Time Course rumen studies were carried out immediately after each metabolic trial i. e. at the end of the fourthweek of feeding on the particular ration.The dry matter intake of animals on the different.treatments varied significant Iy at 5% level ranging between90 to 105g/kg Woo 75, being highest on the untreated hay ration supplemented with linse€d Cake,followe'd by th~ urea plus molasses supplemented treatment. The dry matter digestibility in the five treatments

51varied between 53 and 57% and the difference::> were not significant. The crude protein digestibility variedhighly significantly (at 1 % level) between 49 and 57%. being highest on the urea supplemented 3% alkalisprayed hay and lowest on molasses plus urea supplement. The digestibility of ether extract on the linseedcake supplement was 29% being significantly higher (at 1 % level) than in other treatments. The digestibilitiesof crude fibre, nitrogen-free extract. cellulose and gras's energy in the different treatments were statisticallysimilar.The apparent DCP intake on the urea supplements was significantly higher over the linseed cake supplementexcept when molasses was supplied along with urea. Since theoretically the molasses supplementshould lead to a better utilization of urea nitrogen. the higher DCP'intake on the urea alone supplements maybe more apparent than real. The energy intake of animals in the different treatments was. however. statisticallysimilar whether reckoned in terms 'of TON of DE. The nitrogen retentions in all the five treatmentswere positive with averagE! values ranging between 7.9 and 15.7 g/head/day and the differences were statisticallynot significant.The covariance between N intake and N retention in the different treatments was not significant (df=4.r=0.78). However, pooled data showed the existence of a highly significant correlation (df=16, r=0.65)between the two characters. The multiple regression of N retention (y) on N intake through roughage (Xl) andthrough supplements (X2) was highly significant (at 1 % level) :(y=0.536 Xl +0.0172 x2-7.3 (df=2.22: F=8.20)(Y. Xl and X2 are in gjhead/day)The partial regression coefficient of Xl (0.536) was significant at 1% level but that of X2 (=0.0172)was not significant. Thus in regulating the N balance. the roughage N was of a much greater value thansupplemental N per se. The imp~rtance of the latter was obviously onIY'indirect. The differential contributionof roughage N (Xl) and supplemental N (X2) in making up the apparent digestible N intake (y) was alsocorrelated by the follolllling highly significant (at 1% level) equation multiple regression (both the partialregression coefficients ,being significant at 1 % level) :y=0.758 Xl +0.898 x2-17.9 (df=2,22; F=32.98)(y, ,Xl and X2 are in g/head/day)It was interesting to note that supplemental N had a highly significant role to play in making up thedigestible N moiety but was of no significance in regulating the N balance. Tlie digestible N contributed bysupplemental N was perhaps largely lost in the urine. To confirm this contention, a multiple regression of urinaryN (output y) on N intake through roughage (Xl) and through SUpplements (X2) was worked out. The highlysignificant (at 1 % level) mUltiple regression was as follows :y=0.21' Xl +0.87 x2-9.8 (df=2, 22; F=7 .55)(y, Xl and X2 are in g/head/day)The partial regression coefficient of Xl (=0.21) was not significant but that of X 2 (=0.87) was highlysignificant (at 1% level). The contribution of supplemental N intake in making up the N excretion in urinewas indeed of an exceedingly high order.The mUltiple regression of N retention in g/head/day (y) on total N intake in g/head/day (xl) and DEintake in Meal/head/day (x 2 ) was follows :y=O.448 x I -.0063 x2-16.7 (df=2, 22; F=6.70)The multiple regression was highly significant (at 1 % level). The partial regression coefficient of Xl(=0.448) was significant at 1o/0-1evel but that of X2 (=.0063) was not significant. Evidently under the conditionsof the experiment the total N intake was the predominant factor determining the N retention. Differentialrole of N intake (X2 in g/head/day) through roughage or through supplements separately in correlationwith DE intake (X2 in meal/heed/day) in determining N retention (y in g/head/day) may be evaluated by thefollowing equations:

52(a) y=.565 x l -0.09 x2-6.7 (df=2, 22; F=7.89)where Xl was nitrogen intake through roughage. The multiple ,regression was highly significant (at 1% level).The partial regression coefficient of Xl (=0.565) was highly significant (at 1 % level) but that of X2 (=0.565)was' not significant.. (b) y=.0219x l +O,626 X2-2.4 (df=2, 22;F=1.94)where Xl was nitrogen intake through supplements, The multiple regressjon was found to be not significant.The highly significant nature of regression (a) and the non-significant nature of regression (b) eonfi~medthe foregoing conclusions regarding the importance of roughage N in determining the n~t,N retention.Under the conditions of these trials the, DE 'intake ha,d no significant effect in il')fluencing the nitrogenretention.Paddy StrawStudies to improve the utilization of paddy straw were carried out on the same lines as in case of localhay with the difference that (a) mustard cake was used in place of linsEed cake as the nitrogen supplement inthe control treatment (b) 3.0% alkali was used in both the alkali spray treElments of paddy straw, and (c) ureaformaldehyde in place of urea on equivalent nitrogen basis formed the/nitrogen supplement in one of the twoalkali spray treatment. (Urea formaldehyde eomplexeo; of varying solubility could be formed by varying theproportion of urea and formaldehydo), For these trials, the proportions fixed were 1 COg of urea and 10 mlof 37-41 % formaldehyde solution. The complex formed 'had a solubility of 31 % only in 'rumen liquor against131.5% solubility of urea).The total dry matter intake of the anima'ls on the different treatment varied highly. significantly(at 1 % level) ranging between 78 and 101 in g/kg '!V075, beihg highest on the oil cake supplement followedby urea plus molasses supplement. Tlfe dry matter digestibility in the different treatments also varied significantly(at 5% level) between 54 and 61 % beinp hiQhe~! 6'n the two alkali ~pr?ved paddy straw treatm!;!nts.The digestibilities of crude protein in the five treatments varied significantly (at 501" level) between 57 and63%. The replacement of oil cake by urea raised the digestibility but 1hp effect was apparently nullified whenmolasses was suoplied with urea. The trend was similar as on the IdcC'1 h",v rations. The crude protein dipestibilitywas unaffected when urea was replaced by urea formaldehyde. The ether exfract digestibility variedhighly significantly (at 1 % level) between 54 and 71 %, being highest on the oil cake supplement and loweston urea plus molasses supplement. Crude fibr~ (al)d cellulose) digestibilities in the five treatments'variedbetween 66 and 76% being similar and significantly (at 1% level) higher when the roughage was alk::lli-sprayed.The nitrogen free extract digestibility ranged between 57 and 82% bein!l significantlv (at 1 % level) higherin the molasses treatment and lowest when untreated f)ad,dy straw was supplemented with ·urea alone·. Thistreatment also had the significantly lower (at 5% level) digestibility of gross energy (55%) than in the othertreatments (60-62%).In spite of significant differences in the digestibility of N the DCP intake (213-242 g/head/day) in all thefive treatments was statistically similar. The enerj:Jy intake reckoned in terms of TON was also of the samestatistical order (2.57 to 3.27 kg/head/day). However, in terms of De. the energy intake varied significantly(at 5% level) between 9.92 and 13.43 Meal/head/day, being highest on the oil cake supplement, followed bythat on the urea plus molasses supplement. The average N retention in the five treatments varied within 12.7to 17.3 g/head/day but the differences were statistically not significant.The covariance between N intake and N retention in the different treatments was not -significant (df=4,r=O,67). However, pooled data showed the existence of a siqnificant correlation (df=16, r=0.55). Themljltiple regression of N retel")tion (y) on N intake through roughage (Xl) and through supplements (X 2 ) washighly significant (at 1 % level) :y=O.674 xI-0.405 X2 +4.7 (df=2, 22; F=5.78)(y, Xl and X2 in g/head/day)

S3The partial regression coefficient of Xl (=0,674) was significant at 1% level but that of X2 (=0.405)was not ~ignificant.Thus in regulating the N balance, paddy straw N, like local hay nitrogen was 6f a much greater valuethan supplement~1 N. The differential contribution of roughage N (Xl) and supplemental N (x z ) in makingup the apparent digestible N intake (y) was related by the following hi,ghly significant (at 1% level) regressionequation:y=0.451 Xl +0.990 x2-7.36 (df=2, 22; F=21.97)(y, Xl and X2 are in g/head/day)Both the partial regression coefficients were highly significant (at 1 % level). As on local hay ration, thesupplemental N on paddy straw ration had a highly significant role to play in making up .the digestible N orDCP supply but was of no significance in ushering in positive nitrogen retention.It was logical to conclude that on paddy straw rations also the digestible N contributed by supplementalN was being largely lost in the urine. A mUltiple regression of urinary N output (y) on nitrogen intakethrough roughage and through supplements (x~) was therefore worked out and the following significant(at 5% 'eve I) relationship was obtained:y=1.39 xc-0.088 xl-21.6 (df=2, 22; F=4.80)The partial regression coefficientli. of X 2 (= 1.3~) was significant at 1 % level but that for Xl (=0.088)was not significant. Again as in case of 10Jai hay rations, the supplemental N on the paddy straw ration waslargely lost in the urine. .On the paddy straw rations the mUltiple regression of N retention in g/head/day (y) on total N intake ing/head/day (Xl) and DE intake in Mcal/head/day (X2) was as follows:y=0.055 x l +1.32 X 2 -4.1 (df=2. 22; F=8.32).The regression equation was highlV significant (at 1% Ip.vel).The partial regression coefficient of Xl(~O.F5) was not siqnificant but that of x~ (=1.~t) was significrnt .at 2.5°1" level. This result is at variancewIth that of'the local hay rations. While in case of local hay rations. thp. intak,e of N wa~ the predominant factorin determining the N balance, il» case of paddy straw rations. the energy intake was comparatively moreimportant,Differential role of N intake (Xl in a/head/day) through rouohape or throuph supplempnts separatelv incorrelation with DE (X2 in Meal/head/day) in regulating the N balance ('I in g/hpad/day) is give~ by the followingmultiple regressions: ....(a) y=0.23 xl+1.01 X2 -4.6 (df·=2. 22; F==8.78)where Xl was the intake through roughage. The multiple rearesc:inn \IV"!': h iohl" si~nificant (at 1°/" leven.But both the partial regression coeffir-ients were. not sionific?nt. Tf"le 'b' val!'ps, however, suagest that ·therel::>tive strength of DE intake over N intake through roughage was more than four fold in determining the Nretention.(b) y=1.44 x2-0.12 x·1 -5.6 (df=2. 22'; F=8.36)where Xl is the nitropen intake throuqh supolements. Thp multiple rflarflssion was hiahly sianifif'ant (at 1°/levpn. The partial Yf~gression coefficient of X 2 (=1.44) was hiohlV siprdicant but that of X2 (=0.12) wasnot significant. This ascribes a highly significant role to the energy moiety even thou gh the contribution ofsupplemental N in determining the N balance was not significant.Observations on pH of urine. total N in urine and Jl?rtition thereof in ammonia-N and urea N. on rumenpH, total volatile fatty acids. total nitrogen i'lnd partition thereof in ammonia-N, food and protozoal-N, bacterialand residual N and rate of passage in the different treatments have also been made in both the studies.

54A critical evaluation of the correlation coefficients (r) between total N intake and N retention in thedifferent treatments on the two roughages viz, local hay and paddy straw has been carried out. On the hayrations, the difference in the extreme values of xr was not significant but on the paddy straw rations this differencewes highly significant (at 1 % level). This led to the comparison of the individual correlation coefficientson the different treatments on the paddy straw ration. The conditions for best comparison existed betweenthe two treatments where urea or urea formaldehyde formed the N supplement to the 3% alkali sprayed paddystraw roughage. There was _ highly significant difference (at 1 % level) in favour of urea formaldehyde overurea as a N supplement.Wheat bhoosaFurther work has been carried out with wheat bhoosa as roughage and more information on the utility ofurea formaldehyde vis a vis urea is awaited. The data are under compilation.BACTERIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY1. Bansal, R.P., Chawla, S.K., Joshi, R.C. and Shukla, D.C. Studies on attenuated rinderpest vaccine oftissue culture origin. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 44 (3).2. Bansal, R.P., Chawla, S.K .• Joshi, R.C. a"nd Shukla. D.C. Use of attenuated rinderpest tissue culturevaccine in cattle. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 44 (3)./3. Bansal, R.P. and Joshi, FtC. Studies on use of tissue culture rinderpest vaccine among sheep and goats.Indian Vet. J.51 : 611-634./4. Bansal, R.P .. Joshi, R.C. and KUmar, S. Occurrence of rinderpest in pigs in India Bull. Off. Int. Epiz.81, 305.5. Bansal, R.P. and Kumar, S. Preliminary observations on response of eight-week old chicks to drinkingwater pig kidney cell culture-Ranikhet (New Castle). _ Indian J. Poultry Sci. 185.6. Chawla, S.K. Development of inexpensive Cell Culture Medium for the Production of Foot and MouthDisease Va~cine. Arch. Gas. Virusforsch 44:. No.4, 401.7. Harbola, P.C. and Kumar, S. Studies on the keeping qU'ality of black disease toxoid. Indian J. Anim. Sci.44 (6).8. Harbola, P.C. and Kumar, S. A note on the immunogenicity of Enterotoxa'e":lia vaccin-e in'goats. IndianJ. Anim. Sci. 44 (6).9. Pandey, A. K. and Kumar, S. A Preliminary report on the use of Russian strain, of s!1eep pox virus inpreparing sheep pox vaccine. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 44 (5).10. Yadav, M.P., Datta, S.K. and Kumar, S. Biochemical and biophysical characterization of avian adenovirusisolated in lndia. Avian Diseases Vol. 18 (2) 229.11. Yadav, M.P., Parihar, N.S. and Kumar, S. Pathogenicity of avian adenoviruses for chickens. Indian J.Anim. Sci. 44 (6)_12. Yadav, M.P., Bansal, M.P. and Kumar, S. Cytopathogenicity of infectious laryngotracheitis (ITL) andadenoviruses of poultry in homologous and in mammalian cell system. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 44 (7).~3. Yadav, M.P., Parihar, N.S. and Kumar, S. Studies on the adaptation and pathogenecity of Avian adenovirusesin chicken embryos. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 44 (12).

,5SPATHOLOGY• B asa, k D .., K I yer, P .. K R . an d P rasa, d M .. C Aortic resi'ons in fndian water buffafoes. fndian J. Anim. Scr.44 (5).2. Charan, K., Gill, B.S., Ramulu, M. and Parihar, N.S. Mesothelioma in a bovine foetus associated with dystociain the cow. Indian Vet. J. 51, 672-73.3. Lal Krishna, Paliwal, O.P. and Kulshreshtha, S.B. Pyelonephritis in sheep. Indian Vet. J. 51 : 381.4. Mataney, C.F., Bhatia, K.C., ryer, P .K.R. Hepatoencephalitis in mice. rndian J. Anim. Sci. 44.6. Mataney, C.F., Gupta, S.C. and Iyer, P.K.R. Spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma in mice. rndian J.Anim. Sci. 44.6. Mataney, C.F., Gupta, S.C. and ryer, P.K.R. Spontaneous pulmonary tumours in mice. Indian. J. Anim.Sci. 44.7. Mataney, C.F., Gupta, S.C. and Iyer, P.K.R. Mucormycosis in a pia. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 4.1.8. Nem Singh, Rajya. B.S. and Mohanty. G.C. Gr~nlllar vUlvovaginitis (GVV) in goats associated with Mycoplasmaagalactiae. "The Come\l Vet. 64 : 435.9. Paliwal. O.P., Kulshreshtha, S.B. and Lar Krishna. Caseous lymphodenatitis in sheep. Indian J. Anim.Sci. (Feb. 1974 issue).10. Paliwal. D.P .• lal Krishna and Kulshreshtha. S.B. Vegetative endocarditis in sheep. rn(lian Vet. J. 51:42-44.11. Prasad, M.C., Rajya, B.S. and Mohanty. G.C. Studies on pathology of Caprine Aortic Onchocercosis. Ind.J. Anim. Sci. 44 (8).12. Sah, R.l., AcharjYo. l.N. and Mohanty, G.C. Aortic body tumor in a duck. Vet. Path. 11 : 128.13. Sharma. S.P. and ryer. P.K.R. Pathology of chronic lesions in mammary glands of goats Nocardiosis andBohryomycosis. Indian J. Anim. Sc. 44(1) : 41-45.14. Sharma, S.P. and Iyer, P.K.R .... Pathology of chronic lesions in mammary glands of goats-Fibrocysticdise-ase and introductal carcinomas. Ind. J. Anim. Sc. 44 (3'.15. Singh. B .• Iyer, P.K.R. Pathology of a few rare conditions observed in mammary glands of goats. Ind.J. Anim. hllth. Vol. 13: 141.16.17.Singh. K.P. and Prasad. M.C. Squamous cell carcinoma in a pig. Indian Vet. J. 51 : 154.- ~Srivastava. C.P .• Iyer. P.K.R .• Mataney, C.F. and Gupta, S.C. Malignant Ovarian teratoma in a guinea pig.Indian. J. Anim. 44.18. S~iva~tava. C.P .. Iyer. P~X.R .• Mataney, C.F. and Gupta, S.C. Pathology of a few spontaneous lesionsobserved in gui~ea-pigs (Cavia Porcellus). Indian J. Anim. Sci. 44.list of publications during 19741. S'r'vastava. R. V. N. and Srivastavf!. S. K. Isolation and characterization of Steptococcus species fromsheep and buffalo calves. Ind. J. Anim. Sci. 44 (2)'2. Bhargava' Binod. Ranjhan. S. K. and Srivastava. R. V. N. Nutritional value of protected groundnutcake for animal production. V effect of feeding treated groundnut cake with wheat straw on the fUmen. Ind. 'J. Anim. Sci. 44 (3).3. Bhargava Binod. Ranjhan. S. K. and Srivastava, R.V.N. Effect of feeding formalin in drinking water onhaemotological and rumen fermentation pattern in Nali lambs. Ind. J. Anim. Sci. 44 (5).4. Verma. D. N .• Sr~vastava. S. K. and Srivastava. R. V. N. Incorporation of C14_glucose, C14-leucine and358 sodium sulphate by rumen bacteria of buffalo calf in vitro technique. A note. Ind. J. Anim. Sci. 44 (11).

56,/5. Effect of limited milk intake on the growth rate and rumen development of newly. born buffalo calves.Kapoor, U. R., Tripathi, K. C., Nath, K. and Ranjhan, S. K. Ind. J. Anim. Sci. 1974, Apnllssue.6. Krishna Mohan, D. V. G. and Raghavan, G. V. 1974. Effect of dietary protein level on the ruminalnitrogen fractions in cattle and buffaloes. Indian. J. Anim. Sci. 44 (3)./7. Krishna Mohan, D. V. G., Katiyar, R. C., Hasan, O. Z. a.nd Ranj~an, S. K. 1974. ~fficiency ~f util~zation ofdietary energy for milk production in Holstein and Holstein X Hanana crosses. Indian. J. Anlm. SCI. 44 (6).8. Krishan Mohan, D. V. G., Katiyar, R. C., Ranjhan, S. K. and Bhat, P. N. 1975. Efficiency of metabolizableJ energy and nitrogen utilization for milk production from rations based on different roughages in exotic andcross bred cows. Ind. J. Anim. Sci. 45 (8).V g . Effect of wheat bhoosa and urea on milk production in buffaloes (80S bubaffs). P. C. Sawhney, S. P.Singh ~edi and S. C. Bisarya. Ind. J. Anim. Sci. 44 (6).10. Utilization of urea as a protein substitute in the rations of growin~ kids as influenced by dietary cobalt.S. L. Anaokar, P.C. Sawhney and S. P. S. Bedi. Ind. J. Anim. Sci. 44 (10).11. Haemoglobin status of animals in the hilly areas of Jammu and Kashmir state. P. C. Sawhney and S. P. S.Bedi. Ind. J. Nutr. and Dietet. 11,86.12. Efft: ct of different levels of urea and molasses on the chemical constituents of blood in growing buffalocalves. P. C. Saweney. C. B. Johri, S. P. S. Bedi, S. A. Khan and C. K. Wahal. Indi. J. Anim. Sci. 44 (10).13. Influence of sulphur and urea feeding on the chemical constituents of goat kids blood. D. S. Bhandari,P'. C. Sawh~ey and S. P. Singh Bedi. Indi. J. Anim. Sci. 44 (11).14. Distribution of trace elements in the fodders of hilly regions of Himachal Pradesh. P. C. Sawhney,S. A. Khan and S. P. Singh Bedi. Indian J. Anim. Production 5 (2) ...JI5. Effect of formaldehyde on the solubility and degradation of proteins for oil seed cakes. S. P. Singh Bedi.V. K. Vijjan and S. K. Ranjhan. Indian J. Anim. Prod. 5 (2).J16. Katiyar, R. C., H8!'an, O.Z., Ranjhan. S. K. and Bhar. P. N. (1974). Growth responses in Muzzafar Nagrilambs on rations with varying energy concentration in relation to intensive Mutton Production. Ind. Anim. Sci.Vol. 44 (4).17. Krishna Mohan. D.V.G .• Katiyar, R.C., Hasan. O.Z. and Ranjhan. S.K. Efficiency of utilization of dietaryenergy for milk production in Holstein and Holstein X Hariana crosses Ind. J. Anim. Sci. 44 (6).18. Daniel, S.J., Ranjhan, S.I< .• Hasan. O.Z. and Krishna Mohan. D.V.G. A note on the effect of various levelsof oat ha'! in the diet of Muzzaffar Nagri lamb for growth and Mutton Production. Ind. J. Anim. Sci. 44 (11).19. S.J. Daniel. S.K. Ranjhan, O.Z. Hasan and D.V.G. Krishna Mohan. A note on the effect of various levelsoat hay in the diets of Muzzaffar Nagri lambs for growth and mutton production. Ind. Journal of Anim. Sci.44(11}.20. Verma. D.N .• Singh, U.B. and Ranjhan, S.I

5725. Singh, U.S., Verma, D.N., Verma, A. and Ranjhan, S.K. (1974). In vivo measurements of the rate of productionof protozoa in the rumen. J. Dairy. Res. 41, 299.·26. Chaturvedi, M.l., Johri, S.B •. Singh. U.B. and Ranjhan, S.K. Effect of different treatments of wheat strawon ruminal fluid volume, ph and NPN concentration in buffalo and zebu calves. Indian. Vet. J. 51 : 28./27. Sharma. P.K., Singh, U.S .. Ranjhan. S.K. and Johri, S.B. Digestib11ityof nutrients In zebu and buffalocalves fed on rations of different protein contents. Indian. J. Anim. Sci. 44 (9).r:l28. Jai Krishan, Sharma, B.K. Lal, M. and Singh, U.B. Measurements of radio iodine uptake by thyroid glandand CO 2 production rates in shepp. Ind. J. Ani. Sci. 44 (5).-29. Verma, D.N., Verma, A., ~innh. U.B., Ranjhan. S.K. and Johri, S.B. Digestibility of nutrients and VFAproduction rates in buffalo calves fed on rations of different crude protein contents. !"ndian J. Anim .Sci. 44(10).30. Chat{Jrvedi, M.L., Singh, U .B., and Panjhan, S.K. (1974). Correlation between volatile fatty acid produtionand availbiality of digestible and metabolizabe energy to the growing cattle & buffalo. Ind. J. Anim. Sci.44 (2).31. Chaturvedi, M.L., Singh, U.B. and Ranjhan, S.K. (1974). Effect of supplementation of sodium sulphitein the rations of cow and buffalo calves on nutrient utilization and VFA production. Ind. J. Anim. Sci. (In Press).32. Ranjhan, S.I

'58POULTRY RESEARCH~. Ahuja, S. D., Mohapatra, S. C. and Saxena, S. C. Effect of family size and heritability levels on selectionefficiency in chicken. Indian Joul. Poultry Science (Abstr) 9 (1) : 40.2. Ammeenuddin, S., Sadagopan, V. R., Rao, P. V., Panda, B. Effect different levels of Protein and calciumon Rhode Island ,Red caged layers. Indian JOul. Poultry Sci. 9 (1) : 27.3. Ayodhya Prasad, Sadagopan, V. R., Rao, P. V. and Panda, B. Effect of simultaneous supplementation ofanimal fa' and methionine to broiler rations. Iridian Joul. Poultry Sci. 9 (1) : 29.4. Ayyagari, V. B., Kotaiah, T., Agarwal S. K. and Satya Pal. Effect of prolonged electricity failture on incubationprocess in chicken eggs. Indian J. Poultry Sci. 9 (1) : 57.6. Basnet, T. B., Mohapatra, S. C., Agarwal, S. K. and Rao, G. V. Effect of breed, season, storage temperatureon fertility, hatchability embryonic mortality, malpositions and malformations of chicken eggs.Indian J. Poultry Sci. 9 (1) : 58.6. Chaturvedi, D. K. and Woodham, A. A. Nutrient requirements of Japanese Quail (Abstr). Indian J.Poultry Sci. 9-30.7. Chaturvedi, D. K., Mukherjee, R. Studies on Indian fish meals in relation to chick nutrition. III. AvailableLysine Value. Indian J. Poult. Sci. 9 (4): 211-214.8. Chaturvedi, D. K., Thangamani, A. and Mukherjee, R. Studies on Indian fish meals in relation to chicknutrition. Prol)late principles and some amin'oacids. Indian J. Anim. Prod. (Accepted for publication).9. Chaudhary. R., Mohapatra, S. C., Nanda, S. K. and Kotaiah, T. Studies on the efficiency of selectionbased on, part record to improve annual record of producti'on. Indian J. Poultry Sci. 9 (1) : 45-46.10. Goel, V. K., Venugopalan, C. S .. Verma, S. S and Panda, B. lysozyme content of thick egg white asrelated internal quality of eQg. Indian J_ Poultry Sci. 9 (1) : 57.11. Kotaiah, T., Ayyagari, V. B., Iqbaluddin, Mohapatra, S. C. Egg quality traits as affected bV method ofhousing. Indian J. Poultry Sci. 9 (1) : 57.12. kotaiah, T. and Verma, S. S. Residual albumen in chicken eggs-some factors affecting its quality. IndianJ. Poultry Sci. 9 (1) : 54.1.3. Mahadevan, T. D. Manufacture of egg pulp. Paper presented at. the short term specialized course in eggmarketing journal, 1974.1'(1=. M,anaClwan, T. D. Egg formation, composition and nutritive value. Shorter term specialized course inegg marketing. June 10, 1974.15. Mahadevan, T. D. p.resentation of shell egg at 30° and. 60° F using four different preservations. IndianJ. Poultry Sci. 9 (1) : 53.16. Mahadevan, T. D. The influence of size and shape of egg on the internal quality, composition and yolkwhite ratio. Indian J. Poultry Sci. 9 (1) : 54.17. Mahadevan, T. D. and Panda, B. Candlihg and gradinQ, processing and utilization of damaged eggs.Short term specialised course in egg marketing. June 1974.18. Majhi, S. C. ~ln.d Panda, B. Standardization of conditions for preparaticln' 01 chi'cken sausage. Indian J.Poultry Sci. 9 (1) : 55.19. Mohan, K. and Pande, A. P. Good l1:lanagement helps prevent disease. Pooltty Gazette. 1974.'20. Mohapatra, S. C., Nanda, S. K., Ahuja, S. D. and Shafma, R. P.traits. Indian J. Poultry Sci. (Abstr) 9 (1) : 51.Evaluation of single crosses for broiler'21. Nanda, S, K., Mohapatra, S. C., Chawdhary, R. and Ayyagari, V. B. Restricted Selection index in poultrygenetics. Consequence of restriction for egg weight, age and body weight at sexual maturity.Indian J. Poultry Sci. (Abstr) 9 (1) : 40.

22. Pal, K. K., Johari, T. S., Verma, S. V. S. Salseed oil cake (peeler passed) In layers ration. Indian PoultryReview, VI (5) : 271.23. Panda, B. and Rao, P. V. Balanced and economic rations for poultry for eggs and meat. Paper presentedthe III Animal Nutrition Research Workers conf. JabalPur, Feb. 22-24, 1974.24. Pan de, A. P. Good management helps prevent disease. Poultry~Gazette, 1974.25. Prakash Babu, M., Biswas, D. K., Mohapatra, S. C. and Prem Naraln. Studies on the influence of nongeneticsources of variation on the performance traits in three W. L. strains. Indian J. Poultry Sci.(Abstr) 9 (1) : 43.26. Rao, G. V. A training Programme in day old chick sexing (vent methOd). Indian J. Poultry Sci. 9 (1) :67.27. Rao, P. V., Johri, T. S., Sadagopan, V. R. and Panda, B. Protein requirements of purebred broiler chicks.Indian J. Poultry Sci. 9 (1) : 26.28. Reddy, K. A., Mohapatra. S. C. and Sharma, P. N. Genetic variation and covariation of sex dimorphismfor 12 week body weight in chicken. Indian J. Paul. Sci. (Abstr) 9 (1) : 43.29. Reddy, V. R., Panda, B., Rao, P. V. Studies on the requirement of vitamin 'A' for starter chicks. Proc.XV World Poultry Sci. Congress, Aug. 11-14, 1974 held at New Orleans, U. S. A.30. Sachdev, A. K. and Panda, 8. Oil spray helps in relating egg quality longer. Indian Poultry Gazette 58 :149.31. Saikia, J. C., MohapatrC', S. C. Sinha, S. P. and Khare, S. P. Inheritance of juvenile body weights inmeat type chickens. Indian J. Poultry Sci. : 50./32. Sharma, N. Best utilization of waste.poultry feathers. Indian Poultry Review V (12) -: 457.33. Sharma, N. and MAhadevan, T. D. (Published in 1974). Functions of curing agents on the curing ofmeat. Food Packer 27 (6).~4. Shrestra, B. D., Mahadevan, T. D. and Bose, S. Collagen content and its relation to tenderness in chickenmeat. Indian J. Polt. Sci. 9 (1) : 56.35. Singh, S. K., Sadagopan, V. R. and Panda, B. Studies on 'the effect of different levels of vitamin Asupplementati

603. Das, D. and Sidhu, N. S. The Size of spermatozoa from Black Bengal and Barbari goats, Capra Hir;us.J. Reprod. Fertil, 43: June issue.4. Luktul

61and the fertilised plots varied significantly (P L .001), averaging 11.02 and 19.69% respeetively, and accountedfor a significantly (P LO.OJ) higher gross yield of crude protein by 67% in the dry matter from the fertilizedplots. But in September, the gross yields of dry matter differed significantly (P 1.. 0.01) being 26.1 and 43.7q/ha, respectively. The corresponding values of crude protein were 8.29 and 11.54% respectively, and thedifference was highly significant (P 1...001). The gross yield of crude protein in the control and fertilized plotsworked out to be 2.16 and 5.04 q/ha i e. showing an increase of 133%. The grasses in these pasturesconsisted mainly of two species viz Chrysopogon echlnulatus and Phacelurus speciosus in an approximateratio of 95.5.Milk Production in Gaddi ewes and Effect of Supplementing Creep Feeding on the Growth Rateof Exotic Cross bred LambsEleven gaddi ewes giving birth to single male crOiS bred lambs within a period of one month in Feb .• 1976at the Sheep Breeding Farm, Tal, Hamirpur, H. P. were used in this study. They were essentially kept on a grazingschedule and were not receiving any concentrate supplement at the time of parturition. However, they weresupplied a concentrate supplement from the 4th week of lactation onwards.The milk yield of ewes was recorded by the 'Iamb suckling technique'. The yield, over the 12 weekslactation, averaged 375 g/head/day or a total of 31.5 kg/head for the entire lactation period. Theaverage crude protein content in this milk was 4.76%. A peak in the milk yield during tile second weekof lactation (Table 1) showed a downward trand in the third week but it was arrested on inclusion of theconcentrate supplement in the diet of ewes in the fourth week of lactation. A plateau of milk production wasobserved from 5th to 8th week of lactation. The appearance of a peak in the second week of lactation was asnormal as recorded for the other breeds by other workers but the improvement noticed in the yield after the thirdweek was clearly an effect of the improved plane of nutrition of the ewes.Table 1.Average daily milk yield of ewes in advancing weeks of lactation (ml/head).Week of lactationMilk yieldmlWeel< of lactationMilk yieldmi.1234564064213843874294237 4298 4399 41510 31811 23512 216The live weights of the lambs were recorded at liirth and at weekly intervals over a period of 16 weeks.All the lambs were reared on their dam's milk only upto the 5th week of age when they were divided at randominto three groups A, Band C. Group A was kept on dam's milk as before but the groups Band C were given, inaddition to dam's milk, an ordinary or improved creep mixture. respectively. The ordinary creep mixture wasimproved by inclusion of skim- milk powder at 10% level. The birth weights of the lambs averaged 2.40 ± 0.11kg and had a tendency for positive correlation with the milk production capacity of the dams.The groupwise average data on the live weights of lambs at birth, at 5 and 16 weeks of age and theirweeki'! growth rates are presented in Table 2. Upto 5 weeks of age the growth tate in Group B, having the lowestaverage birth weights, was significantly (pL.001) lower than in the other two groups. However, between 5 and6 weeks of age, when group B was given an ordinary creep mixture in addition to the dams milk, the growth

62rn addition to daily routine work of manufacture and packing etc. of 216 raHway parcels and 203 postalboxes, 4 departmental works were undertaken. 210 jobs of repairs under small works were also undertaken.Motorable road to Latoli Out.Krall of the Institute was constructed and maintained alongwith the cartroad as usual.Farm SectionDuring the year', 86.77 acres in 'Kharif' and 61.36% in Rabi crops were sown for the purpose of supplyof greens to animals and for preparation of silage.Besides, 4.93 acres of land was utilized for production of vegetable leaves for small animals and thesurplus was sold to the employees. The Institute earned a sum of Rs. 1633.64 from sale of vegetable andRs. 6,525.00 from fruits. Manuring was done with farm yard manure in an area of 15 acres and 74.50 quintalsof fertilizers of different kinds were used in cultivation. It is worth mentioning that the total fodder requirementfor animals was met with"by the department.Forest nursery of about 1/2 acre is maintained in the rnstitute station area. Total plantation during theyear=8845 plants. In addition to the above plantation about 220 quintals of oak seed has been sown in Ct.Nos. 2, 9, 17 and 18. Climber cuttings, lopping of loranthes infected branches and thinnings in congestedcrop in Mukteswar Reserve Forest and station forest has also been done.The resin tapping was done on contract basis.received Rs. 53,721.During the year extraction and removal of crude resinVeterinary SectionThe activities of this section were mostly concerned with breeding of animals, small and large; their'supply to research laboratories at Mukteswar and other places; maintenance of healthy and experimental animals;-treatment of sick animals -and prodlidion and stipply of milk.Milk productionThe average number of cows. in milk during the year was 52 and 63,210.10 litres of milk was producedduring the year.IzatnagarMEDICAL SECTIONSGeneral health in the campus was good. Prophylactic vaccinations were carried out against small-pox,cholera etc. The attendance during the year was (1) New cases-44977, (2) Old cases-65006, (3) Emregencycases-3264 and (4) indoor cases-49. Besides minor operations, carrying out X-rays and screenings werecontinued. Clinical laboratory tests were carried out.Mukte,warGeneral health in the campus. was good. There were a few isolated cases of chickenpox, measles andmumps which were controlled and treated immediately. The total number of in patients were 272. Theoutpatient cases were (1) New 23491, (2) old 29007. The operations performed were 79 which includedmajor, minor and obstetrical and gynaecological cases. Sixty-nine labour and abortion cases were attended.Family planning programme was also continued. Vaccinations were carried out against small pox, cholera. TAB.triple antigen, polio etc. X-ray, screening, ECG, diathermy exposure were made. Pathological investigationswere carried out for various conditions.

6~LlS'T' OF RESE'ARCH PROJECTS FOR 1'975BACTERIOlOGY AND VIROLOGYProjectNo.Title of 'ProjectsPr!ncipal I nvestigator/CollaboratorsB.V. ~ .011B.V.1.013Prodl,lction and standardization of cellcultured inactivated vaccine against footand mouth disease vaccine.To study the efficacy of acetyletheleneimine(AEIJ) ,as inactivating agent using prim~rygoat kidney cortical cells infected with FMDvirus.M. 'C. P.iilndeyB. S. NegiI. J. PrasadR. N. 'SharmaA. C. GaelP. K. UppalS. K,-,marBV. 1.014 ComparaHve value of Saponin and aluminiumhydroxide gel as adjuvant in the preparationof FMD ,{accine.P.K. UppalS. KumarM. C. PandeyS. K. DasB.V.1.018B.V.1.019B.V.1.020Calfhood vaccination again~t FMD.Studies on FMD virus in BHK21 cell line.Behaviour of FMD virus vaccine strains inBHK21 cell line with an effort to evolve suitablepolyvalent. vaccine.P. K. UppalS. KumarS. K. DasP. N. BhattP. 1

64Project Title of Projects Principal InvestigatorlNo.CollaboratorsB.V.1.041 Survey of bat population of rodents and wild B. K. Kathuria.and domestic animals for the existence ofrabies infection.B.V.1.042 Studies on the production and standardization B. K. Kathuria.of rabies vaccine in tissue culture.S. Kumar.B.V.2.035 Comparative evaluation of Rose Bengal PlateTest (RBPT) antigen.T. P. Joshi.B.V.2.036 To differentiate between vaccinal and infection T. P. Joshi.tit res in brucellosis in cattle.S. Kumar.B.V. 2.037 Diagnosis of brucellosis in sheep and goats. T.P. Joshi.B.V.2.022 Standardising diagnostic procedures for tuberculosisand Johne's disease in various speciesof domestic animals and studying the problemnon-specific reactions.B.V.2.023 Experimental vaccination against Johne'sdisease.B.V. 2.024 Augmental production of diagnostic antigens(Johnin).Gajindar Singh.K. D. Bhaya.Gajindar Singh.K. D. Bhaya.Gajindar Singh.K.D. Bhaya.B.V.2.041 Studies on lEptospirosis with particular refe- P. S. R. C. Murti.renee to prev~lence in the organized farms.S. S. Khera.B.V.2.042B.V.2.121B.V.2.141B.V.2.161B.v.2.171Preparation of anti-leptospira type sera andserotyping of leptospiral isolates.Aetiologieal study of pneumonia in sheepand goats.Disease investigation. diagnostic service andsupply of bacterial type cultures.rnvestigation of genital vibriosis in domesticanimals.S. S. Khera.P. S. R. C. MUfti.S. S. Khera.N. C. Srivastava.S. S. Khera.N. C. Srivastava.N. C. Srivastava.S. S. Khera.Isolation and antigenic characterisation of S. S. Khera.Streptococcus equi with special reference tothe development of a vaccine against strangles.B.V.2.063B.V.2.061B.V.2.062Studies on bacterial and viral agents commonlyassociated with laboratory animals (guineapigs,rabbits, hamster and mice).Studies on diagnosis of gl!1nders.Studies on Bacterial Diseases of wild animals.S. P. Singh.D. K. Ray.Gajindar Singh.O.K. Ray.D. K. Rav.e:: J("rn~r

ProjectNo.Title of ProjectsPrincipal Investigator!CollaboratorsB.V.3.01 Diagnosis of Mycotic infection including A. Sikdar.isolation and identification of fungi from Gajindar Singh.pathological condition.B.V.5.01 Development and study of different cell lines S. K. Chawla.of,special interest in the veterinary science. D. C Shukla.B.V. 5.02 Studies on transformation of continuous cell S. K. Chawla.cultures and its implication.D. C. Shukla.B.V. 5.03 Assay of possible occurrence of vilus PPLO S. K. Chawla.and Rickettsia in calf, lamb and goat kidneycell cultures being employed for differentvaccines.PashminaGenetic and biochemical studies in PashminaGoats.N. K. Mazumdar.Mrs. A Maz.umdar.Studies on the adaptibility of Pashmina N. K. Mazumdar.goats at an altitude of 8000 ft. height. Mrs. A. Maz.umdar.K. K. Goswami.Studies on the breeding and reprc:ductionperformances of cattle maintained at theMukteswar herd.N. K. Mazumdar.K. P. Tripathl.K. K. Goswami.S. N. Luktuke.Growth rate studies in exotic and cross-bredcalves.Mrs. A. Mazumdar •.K. P. Tripathi.Studies on the effect of feeding on the Phy- Mrs. A. Mazumdar.sical and biochemical composition and yield N. K Mazumdar.of Pashmina wool.U. B. Singh.Balance studies in Pashmina goats.Mrs. A. Mazumdar.N. K. Mazumdar.K. K. Goswami.EntomologyEffect of gamma radiation & chemosteriliza-P.S.1.06tion on the reproductive potential of ticks.S.C. Srivastava,R. Mohan,M.H. Khan andR.C. Naithani.

66PrQjectNo.Title of ProjectPrincipal fnvestigator/Collaborators.HelminthologyP. S. 2.05 Studies on incidence, epidemiolp9Y an~ ('I.C. M,alviya andecology of Haemonchus contortus infection B. Patnailr prepar,ation of live att.enu,ated vaccine to cc;>ntrol it.P .S. 2.06 Project on Immunology of Fascioliasis. Dr. G. Subr!ima_ni?n,V.K. Srivastava andJ.e. Verma.Protozoplo~VP.S.3.06 (a) Studies on Theil~~ia .~ Theileriasis. Dr. G. Subramanian,Mr. M.N. Malhotra,R.C. N.aithani andJ.C. Verma.Clln.i~alP.~. 4.01(b) In vitro cUltivation of Theileria annulate.Par~si.to.ogyProject to clinical parasitisms in livestock.Dr. N.N. Sharma.(a) Cattle Project.)B.Patnaik at Div. level.(b) Pig Project. ) B.Patnaik at Div. level(c) Sheep goat Proj~cl. ) B. Patnaik at Div. level'and V.K. Srivastavaat farm level.(c;l) P?,~hl]1ina Project. -do-Post Graduate StudiesP.S. 6.Q9 Studies on the bionomics and control of M.H. Khan,some Hyalomma ticks infesting livestock in R.P. ChaudhurLIndia.P.S. 6.17Studies on Schistosoma nasa Ie Rao, 1933, Smt. Gita Biswas,including host parasite relationship.G. Subramanian.P.S. 6.18 Al)apla~mo5is : Chemothe(~py Clnd Cytoche- AX. Misra.'1li. s t r y.Dr. N.N. Sharma.P.S. 6.20 Imm~nological studies on bovine Theile- ~hri P.S. Srivastava,riasis.Dr. N.N. Sharma.P.S. 6.21 Host p~rasite relat.ionship in Bunostomiasis V.K. Srivastava.of sh~e'p and goat.Kr. SUfesh Singh.PT-1 Disease of large animals (Cattle, buffalo andwild animals)1-03 Disorders of female reproductive system. Dr. N.S. Parihar,M.L. Mehrotra,S.C. Das,AR. Bhattacharya,S.N. Luktuke,Kali Charan,

67ProjectNo.Title of ProjectPrincipal Investigator!Collaborators.1-0411-042PT-22-0522-062-061PT-33-01,3-023-053·06Ameleorative measures against fJurosis inanimals.The staff and facili­ties were not availableand hence nottaken up.Pneumonia and respiratory diseases in youngcalves.Disease of small qn;ma/s (Sheep, goats. pigsand dogs)Studies on piglet mortality.Studies on the disease problems of Tibetiangoats.Studies on Jamb and kid mortality.Disease of Avians (Poultry Turkeys, Duck.sand WJ!d birds)Pathology of Reproductive diseases.Studies on Marek's disease.Studies on Avian Encephalomylitis.Evaluation of the immunogenicity of indigenousstrains of IBV.S.K. Singh,AX. Sinha,P. Ram Rae.B.S. KaushalU. R. KapoorC.F. MataneyS.C. GuptaP.K.R.lyerD.P. Paliwal8.S. RajyaD.P. PaliwalLal KrishanS.8. KulshresthaR.L. SahH.K. PradhanG.C. MohentyG .C. MohantyB.S. RaivaR.N. SharmaS. GopalkrishnaR.L. SahG.C. MohantyB.S. RajyaK.C. VermaR,l. SahK.N. KapoorPT-4Diseases of Small Lab. Animals4-01 Studies on mortalities in small laboratory C.F. Mataneyanimals.P.K.R. IyerS.C. GuptaP_T-5501Oncology

68BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS DIVISIONProjectNo.Title of ProjectPrincipal investigator!CollaboratorsVirus VaccinesBP 1.1BP 1.2BP 1.3BP 1.4Studies on BPL inactivated vaccine.Cell propagated rabies vaccine.Studies on tissue culture swine fevervaccine.Stability of Ranikhet disease vaccine.Subhash ChandraP. MadhusudanK.C. SinhaR.P. MisraG. MajumdarY.N. SiddiquiR.P. MisraK.C. SinhaBP 4.01 Production of Cell culture rinderpest vaccine. Y.P. NandaT.P. ParaiV.S. VihanBacterial VccinesBP 2.1BP 2.2HS adjuvant vaccine improved throughaeration.Studies on multicomponent clostridialvaccine.Diagnostic agentsBP 3.1 Salmonella type specific sera production.laboratory Animal Production.BP 5.1BP 5.2Genetic Studies in rabbits.Maintenance in inbred lines in mice.S.S. NangiaM.P. YadavP.C. HarbolaM.C. SantoshiG. NarainI.H. SiddiquiSmt. S. RawatSmt. S. RawatPh.D. StudiesStudies on swine fever.Studies on horse sickness.R.P. MisraS. KumarG. MajumdarK.C. SinhaVETERINARY PUBUC HEALTH DIVISIONVPH 1.00VPH 1.03VPH 1.05VPH 2.00STUDIES ON THE ARTERIAL DISEASESOF DOMESTIC ANIMALS.Spontaneous lesions in cerebral arteriesof buffaloes.Effect of ageine process on arterial system inbovines.STUDIES ON THE PROBLEMS OF ZOONO-M C. PrasadN.P. ShallaN.P. BhallaM.e. Prasad

69PHYSIOLOGY & CLIMATOLOGY1. Gael, V. K. (1976). Climato and egg production. Proc. of the Summer Institute on Animal Climatology, Ibid.2. Joshi, B. C., Singh, K. and Bhattacharyya, N. K. (1976). Some physiological responses, feed consumptionand water intake ot Large White Yorkshire cows in different seasons. Ind. Vet. Jour., 53 : 91-96.3. Joshi. P. C., Panda, B. and Joshi, B. C. (1976). Effect of altitude on hatchability of chicken egg. Proc. VthAll India Poultry Science Symposium, Mysore.4. Joshi, P. C., Panda, B. and ,Joshi, B. C. (1976). Studies on some reproductive characteristics of chicken athigh altitudes. Proc. Vth All Indian Poultry Science SYmposium. Ibid.5. Joshi, P. C., Panda, B. and Joshi, B. C. (1976). Performance of I. V. R. I. crossbred broiler chicks at differentaltitudes. Ibid.6. Pande, J. K., Sanwal, P. C., Joshi, B. C., Varshney, V. P. and Bhattacharyya N. K. (1976). Studies onT3-1251 uptake by resin in Hariana and its F1 crosess in relation to different climatiC conditions. In ProC.of symposium on "Use of radiations and radioisotopes in studies of animal production" P. 199.7. P~nde, J. C. (1976). Climate, and thyroid Function. Ibid.8. Raza Nasir, M. M. (1976). Climate and semen biochemistry. Ibid.9. Singh, K., Joshi, B. C. and Bhattacharyya, N. K. (1976). Effect of partial amelioration of heat stress on feedand water intake and some blood constituents ih buffalo bulls. Ind. J. Dairy Sci., 29 : 110-112.10. Sanwal, P. C., Pande, J. K." Varshney, V. P. and Rahman, M. (1976). Determination of serum to thyroxinelevel in goats by competitive protein binding. Ibid.,1. Sanwal, P. C. (1976). Adrenocorticoid functions in hot environment. Ibid.12. Varshney, V. P., Pande, J. IK. and Sanwal, P. C. (1976). T3-125 I uptake by resin, serum calcium andphosphorus level in pregnant and lactating black bengal goats. Ibid.13. Varshney, V. P. (1976). Relative efficacy of synchronization technique in different macrocl'mates. Ibid.PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY1. Jawahar Lal, Suresh Chandra, Raviprakash, V. and Sabir, M. (1976). In vitro anthelmintic action ofsome indigenous medicinal plants on AS'caridia gal/i w·orms. Ind. J. Physio!. 20: 64-68.2. Jawahar Lal, Sambasivarao, !C., Suresh Chandra, Nailhani, R. C., Chattopadhyay, S. K. arid Sabir, M. (1976).Studies on the comparative eHicaey of CeiJrus deodara oil, benztl benzeate and tetraethyithiurammonosulphide against sarcoptic mange in shee'p. Ind. Vet. J. 53: 543·545.3. Sharma, L. D., Sabir, M. and Bhattacharyya, N. K. (1976). A new approach to tne chemotherapy of bovinetheileriasis: Use of diethylcarbamazine citrate. Ind. J. Physi'ol. Pharmac., 20 : 69-79.4. Sastry. M. S. and Singh, Y. P. (1976). OccLirance of an enterolith in the small intestines of horse. Ind. J.Ani. Helth. 15: 185-186.ANIMAL REPi10DUCTION1. Luktuke, S. N. and Namboothiripad, T. R. B. (1976). Effect of stress on reproduction. J. Remount & Vet.Corps., 15: 3,113-116.ANIMAL GENETICS1. Bala, A. 1

702. Biswas, J. C., Raina, B. L., Rajendra Kumar and Bhat, P. N. (1976). Studies on live and abnormalspermatozoa in crossbred bulls. 15 ; 129-132.3. Bhat, P. N. (1976). Exploitation of dairy animals for meat. UNDP Symposium, NDRI, 1-84. Sharma, S. K., Bhat, P. P., Bhat. P. N. and Garg, R. C. (1976). Effect of genetic and non-genetic factors onpreweaning body measurement in Muzaffarnagri breed of sheep and its crosses with Corriedale. Ind. J.Ani. Sci.LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION RESEARCH (POULTRY)1. Ahuja, S. D., Mohapatra, S. C and Saxena, S. C. (1976). Effect of family size and heritability levels onselection efficiency in chickens. Ind. Vet. J. 53: 11-18.2. Barua, N., Mohapatra, S. C., Agarwal, S. K., Ahuja, S. D. and Chaturvedi, D. K. (1976). Selection formUltiple objectives in egg type chickens. Ibid.3. Barua, N., Mohapatra, S. C., Ahuja S. D., Ayyagari, V. and Mohan, K. (1976). Studies on the efficiency ofone and two stage index selection. Ibid.4. Choudhari, D., Mohapatra, S. C., Venkatramaiah, A, Ayyagari, V. and Ahuja, S. D. (1976). Geneticvariation and covariation for some of the economic traits in four White Leghorn strains. Poultry Sci.11 : 189-197.5. Dev Roy, A, Mohapatra, S. C., Saxena, S. C., Sinha, S. P. and. Pal, K. K. (1976). Comparison of F1 andF2 crosses for broiler traits. Ibid.6. Kotaiah, T., Mohapatra, S. C. and Anjaneyulu, P. S. (1976). Effect of strain and age on egg quailty traits.Ind. Poultry Gaz. 60 : 56-64.7. Kotaiah, T., Mohapatra, S. C., Anjnneyulu, P. S. and Ayyagari, V. B. (1976). Heritability and repeatabilityestimates for some of the egg quality traits in chiCkens. Ind. Poultry Gaz. 60: 65-71.8. Kanavikar, C. R., Mohapatra, S. C., Sharma, P. N., Sinha, S. P. and Sharma, R. P. (1976). Comparison ofSingle and multiple crosses for broiler traits. Ibid.9. Nair, N. S., Mohapatra, S. C. and Agarwal, S. K. (1976). Genetic advances for ten week body weight frompureline selection in three broiler populations. Ibid.10. Prasad, J. R., Sinha, S. P., Khare. S. P., Sharma, R. P. and Sharma, P. N. (1976). Genetic studies on broilertraits in purebred chickens. Ibid.11. Renganathan, P., Mohapatra, S. C., Ayyagari, V. B., Venkatramaiah, A. and Choudhari, D. (1976). Geneticstudies on egg production, egg weight and egg mass in chicken. Paper presented at 5th All India PoultryScience symposium.12. Reddy, K. A, Mohapatra, S. C., Agarwal, S. K. and Satya Pal (1976). Response to selection based onpurebred and crossbred performance for egg production. Ibid.13. Saxena, S. C., Mohapatra, S. C., Sharma, R. P., Sinha, S. P. and Sharma, P. N. (1976) Response to massselection for 10 week body weight in broiler chickens. Ibid.LIBRARIESIzatnagar :TECHNICAL SECTIONSDuring the year under review, 877 titles of journals were subscribed and 2,266 books were added. Thusbringing the total number of books to 19,687. Under inter Library loan scheme we have been catering to the

71Code No.1.10Title of the projectRecycling of organic wastes with poultry excreta as a mainingredient.Principal InvestigatorlCollaborators.M.M. Jayal, V.K. Jain.A.N. 2. Cattle and Buffalo Nutrition2.10 Growth performance of cross-bred calves on various feeding2.112.132.14standards.Studies on the trace elements with soil plant andrelationship.animalEffect of protecting dietary nitrogen on the efficiency withwhich it is converted to milk protein.Assessment of calorific value DE/ME of Indian feeds & foddersusing Rostock equations and published factor.2.15 All India Codrdinate Research Project on cattle.A.N.3. Sheep and Goat Nutrition3.06 All India Coordinated Research Project on Sheep for Mutton.A·.N.4. Pig and Laboratory Animal Nutrition409 All India Coordinated Research Project on Pigs.A.N.5. Rumen Digestion and Metabolism5.20 Studies on the production rates of microbial protein in theruminant under various dietary regime.5.225.245.25Studies on protection of dietary protein from microbialdegradation in the rumen.Isolation and characterisation of rumen bacteria in buffaloand cattle.Studies on the incorporation of labe1!ed amino acid in theS.K. Ranjhan.D.V.G.K. Mohan,N.N. Pathak. R.C. KatiyarK.K .Saxena,P .C.Sawhneyand S.A. KhanV.N.Murthy, Q.Z. Hassainand M.Y. Khan.Gopal KrishnaV.N. Murty, R.C. Katiyar.Kedar Nath, V.P. Shukla.S.K. Ranjhan, S.J. Daniel.U.B. Singh, Arun Vermaand D.N. Verma.S.P.S. Bedi, V.K. Vijjanand Kedar Nath.R.V.N. Srivastava,S.I

72Code No.6.376.386.39Title of the projectUtilization of Mahua cake as a cattle feed.Iron, manganese status of soils, plants and animals, their interactionsand effect on other nutrients in ·ruminants.Effect of different levels of metabolizable energy on the growth,digestion of proximate principles and balances of nutrients incross bred calves.Principal Investigator/Collaborators.Arun Verma, U.B. Singh.U.S. Chiller. P.C. Sawhney;N.C. Joshi, K. Nath.RAN-3REGIONAL ANIMAL NUTRITION RESEARCH CENTRE. PALAMPURImprovement of fodder resources3.02 Studies on utilization of low grade roughages for economic feeding ofanimals (Parts III. IV and V).3.04 Studies on Alpine grasses·(to be planned) .. RAN-4· . Studies on sheep nutrition4.01 Studies on nutrient requirement of gaddi ewes (empty and gestating).4.02 Studies on the growth rate of young lambs (from birth onwards) .. ,POULTRY RESEARCH DIVISIONPoultry Nutrition1.11 Nutrients requirements of Japanese Quail.1.061.081.14Processing. analysis and quality control of poultry feeds & feedingredients.In Vitro evaluation of protein quality of poultry feeds.Recycling of poultry industrial waste.Poultry Genetics & Breeding2.10 All India Coordinated Research Project on Poultry for Meat.2.11 All India Coordinated Research Project on Poultry for Egg.Poultry Products Technology4.09 Further studies on curing of poultry and its effect on transportation.4.10 Studies on scalding temperatures on defeat he ring and shelflife of dressed chicken.P.V. Rao, T.S. Johri,V.R. Sadagopan. K.K. Pal'K.K. Pal, O.K. Chaturvedi.T.S. Johri,V.R. Sadagopan andP.V. Rao.B. Panda, P.V. Rao andT.S. johri.S.C. Mohapatra,S.P. Sinha, A.P. Pande,K.K. Pal. Iqbaluddin,S.C. Saxena, R.P.Sharma,S.C. Arya and S.P. Khare.S.C.Mohapatra, G.V. Rao,V.B. Ayyagari,P .N. Sharma. K. Mohan •.Satya pal. S.D. Ahuja,O.K. Chaturvedi andS.K. Agarwal.B. Panda. N. Sharma.S.S. Verma, K. Mohan.S.S. Verma, N. Sharma,T.D. Mahadevan.

73Cod~ No.Title of the projectPrincipal Investigator!CollaboratorsPoultry Physiology and Management5.03 Effect on intensity of light on hatchability and subsequentgrowth of chicks.5.07Economics of egg and Meat Production.D.P. Gulati, K.C. Tripathiand S.K. Agarwal.G.V.Rao and S.P. Khare.A.G.!.AG.I-1.AG.I-2.A.G. IIAG.II-1.(B)AG.II-2.(2.08)A.G. IIIAG.III-1.A.G.IVA.G.IV-1.(4.12)AG-IV-2.(4.13)A.G.IV-3.A.G.v.AG. V-1.PP.11.03Quantitative GeneticsDIVISION OF ANIMAL GENETICSStudies on effect of rates and levels of inbreeding on incrossperformance in Tribolium castaneum.Genetical studies including polymegaly of spermatozoan nucleuslength and tail length in Drosophila species.Immunogenetics and Biochemical GeneticsA simultaneous approach to quantitative and qualitative variationin farm animal research using Immunogenetics, Biochemicalgenetics and statistical techniques.Genetics studies on enzymes and other proteins in IndianSheep and its crossbred.Studies on blood groups and Biochemical polymorphism inl':ldian Sheep.CytogeneticsStandardisation of keryotyping techniques for cattle.Animal ReproductionSub-fertility and infertility in bovines.Studies on Anoestrum clinical, pathological,biochemical and hormonal aspects.Studies on cattle and buffalo bull semen.(A). Study of freezability and fertilising ability of bull andbuffalo spermatozoan.(B). A.1. Field work.Animal BreedingLivestock Production Research (Sheep)Animal ClimatologyPHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGYInvestigations on the zone of thermal neutrality for Haryanaand their foreign crosses.A.D. Narayan.Rajendra Kumar,N.S. Sidhu.K.J. Eapen, N.D. Khanna,H.P. Singh, H.K. Bhagi.S.N. Tandon. P.N. Bhatt,R.C. Garg and G.S. Bisht.N.D.Khanna,S.N.Tandonand B.U. KhanMrs. P.P. Bhat,N.D. Khanna andP.N. Bhat.B.R. BanjaminS.N. Luktuke, L.N. Purbey,A. R. Bhattacharyya,S.K. Singh, K.J. Eapan,N.S. Parihar andJ.K. Pandey.N.S. Sidhu, S.K. Singhand M.R. Ansari.B.R. BenjaminB.R. BenjaminJ.D. Joshi, B.U. Khan,D.P. Paliwal, B.C. Shukla,V.K. Srivastava andH.B. Joshi.B.C. Joshi, Khub Singh,and N.K. Bhattacharyya.

74CodeNo.Title of the ProjectStudies of the thyroid function in relation to climatic conditions.Principal Investigator!Collaborators.J.K. Pande. p.e. Sanwal,B.C. Joshi andN.K. Bhattacharyya.:1.051.061.07Studies on the upper critical temperatures of indigenous exoticcrossbred lactating cows.Investigations on the upper critical temperature of Haryanaand exotic crosses (3/4).A study on the physiological responses of crossbred animalsduring different seasons under field conditions.Rum.en Physiology2.03Use of Biostimulator in Animal Production.PP.4PP.66.066.086.116.126.136.156.206.216.226.23Endocrin%gy (See under N.RL Physiology & Endocrinology)Post Graduate TeachingStudies on the supression of urease activity in Horse gram (Dolichosbiflcrus) and on the production bf volatile fatty acids andnitrogen constituents in buffalo (Bos bubalis) fed with differentsources of nitrogen.Studies on the effect of. biostimulator feeding on growth andmatabolism of s~eep/goat.Study on upper critical temperature in Hariana and its foreigncJosses.Water metabolism in Hariana cattle and their foreign crossesunder different controlled environments.Ph'/sicochemical status of normal thermally stressed and hormonestimulated oviduct in high and low egg producing fowl.Studies oT'! the pharmacological actions of some drugs in bovinetheileriasis.Studies on optimum slaughter weights of Barbari and BlackBengal goats.Chemical investigation on some indigenous medical plants.Studies on the endocrine aspects of production and reproductionin ruminants.I"nfluence of progestogen-gonadotrophin administration on thefertility of female goats.B.C .. Joshi. Khub Singh,V.K. Goel,N.K. Bhattacharyya andJ.K. Pande.B.C. Joshi. Khub Singh,V.K. Goel,N.K. Bhattacharyya andJ.K. Pande.B.C. Joshi, Khub Singh,V.K. Goel.N .K. Bhattacharyya,J.K. Pande andB.G. Katpatal.B.B. Mahapatro.D.C. Shukla.A. B. Amba Prasad.B.B. Mahapatro.D.C. Shukla,B.B. Mahapatro.Khub Singh.N.K. Bhattacharyya.5.K. Saxena,B.C. Joshi.A.K. Rai,B.B. Mahapatro.LD. Sharma,N.K. Bhattacharyya.V.A. KUlkarni,N.K. Bhattacharyya.Suresh Chandra,M.S. Sastry.V P. Varshney.J.K. PandeJ.K. Pande

75CodeNo.Title of the ProjectPrincipal Investigator/Collaborators.6.246.25702PP8.01.02.04.Project No.1Project No.2Project No.3Projent No.4The in vivo determination.of body composition in goat.Pharmaco-therapeutic investigation on some medicinal plants.Pharmacology & Plant ChemistryChemical and thermacqlogical investigatiol)s of indigenousmedicinal plants for their anthelmintic activity.S1 .11. Butes frondosa (H-Palas)S1.12. Carica Papaya (H.papeeta)ToxicologySurvey on the zonal distribution of toxic plants around thepasture field in lndla and the incidences of pois.o.ning. tolivestock.Monitoring of DOT residue in feeds and fodders of the livestock and livestock products.Surveillence and monitoring of the residues and toxicity oforganophosphorus pesticides in the feeds and fodders oflivestock.Nuclear F:tesearch laboratory (Physiology & Endocrinology)Synchronization of heat and control on the efficiency of reproductionin farm animals (sheep, goat. buffaloes) (i) Goat.R:N. Baruah. H.B. Joshi.A.K. Singh. N. Singh.M. Sabir, J. Lal.S. Chandra.V. Raviprakash,K.S. Rao, G. SubramanianM.S. SastryM.S. Sastry, Y.P. Singh.Y.P. Singh. M.S. Sastry.D.C. Shukla.P.C. Sanwal. J,K., Pa,n:deand V.P. Vars_hney.Continuation of projects taken up under Special Fund Project IND-5/05(IND-89)Climatic influence on productivity.Studies on the thyroid function in relation to climaticconditions.Hormonal induction of lactation in barren cows.Reproductive Dysfunction in ruminants (Buffaloes and goats).(i) Buffalo.B.C. Joshi.N.K. Bhattacharvya,P.C. Sanwal, J'.K. Pande.J.K. Pande, p.e. San.wal,B.C. Joshi, V.P. Varshnev.arid N .K. Bhattacharyya.J.K. Pande. P.C. Sanwar.V.P. Varshney andN .K. Bhattacharyya.J.K. Pande,M.M.Raza Nasir,P.C. Sanwal, V.P.Varshney,K.P. Agarwal andN.K. Bhattacharyya.REGIONAL RESEARCH STATION, BANGALOREStudies on BHK21 cell culture system.Adaptation of foot-and-mouth disease virus to BHK21 cellculture system.Production of experimental foot-and-mouth disease vaccinewith BHK21 cell system.A.K. Sen, S.P. Nair.S.U. Rao.B.B.L. Mathur, S.P_ Nair,A K. Sen. B.U. Rao.L.D. Misra, S.N. Saha,S.U. Rao,A.K. Mukhopadhyay.

16REGIONAL RESEARCH STATION, PORT BLAIR (A & N ISLANDS)Studies on incidence of common helminthiasis among economiclivestock of selected villages and their control.Studies on incidence of common disease spreading insectsof livestock in selected villages and their control.Studies on efficacy of Neguvon for control of stephanofilarialgermatitis under field conditions in selected islands.J.R. Rao, V.P.Deorani.M.H. Khan, V.P. SharmaDeorani.V.P. Sharma DearaniJ.R. Rao.THE FOLLOWING OFFICERS WERE IN POSITIONADMINISTRATIONName and qualificationsDr. C.M. Singh,M. S., Ph. D. (Mich.)Or. G.L. Sharma,M.S., Ph. D. (Mich.)VacantVacantShri A. N. ChadhaShri A. K. Jagwani.Shr; M. D. PandeyShri A. S. VermaShri G. K. JagwaniShri H. C. JoshiShri B. S. RawatShri Prakash ChandraShri D. C. SaxenaShri M. K. MukherjeeB.Sc., Dip. Lib. ScI., M. Lib. Sci.Or. Ravi Chandra.M.V. Sc., Ph. D.DesignationDirectorPrincipal-cum-JointDirectorRegistrarSenior Accounts OfficerDeputy Registrar (Mukt.)Asstt. Adm. Officer (Cash)Assistant RegistrarAccounts OfficerStores OfficerAsstt. Adm. Offi.:er (Mukt.)Accounts OfficerAsstt. Adm. Officer (paE)Cost AccountantLibrarianOf1icer-in-Charge,Training Courses.REGIONAL CENTRES, HEBBAlBANGALOREShri S. KrishnamurtiShri R. P. ShuklaResereach-Bacteriology and ViroJogyHead, Division of Bacteriology a VirologyProfessor of Veterinary BacteriologyBacteriologistBacteriplogistAccounts OfficerAdministrative OfficerDr. S. Kumar. M.S., Ph.D.VacantDr. Gajindar Singh,B.Sc .. M.V.Sc., Ph.D.Dr. S. S. Khera, B.Sc., M.V.Sc.,Dip. Bact. (London) Ph. D.

77VirologistVirologist (Tissue Culture)Virologist (F.M.D. Research)Virologist (F.M.D. Vaccine Prod.)Biochemist (Bact. Chemistry)Virologist (S. A. H. S.}Virologist (Sheep Pox)Junior Virologist (FMD Vac. Prod.)Junior Virologist (FMD Vac. Prod.)Junior Virologist (FMD Vac. Prod.)Junior Virologist (FMD Vac. Prod.)Junior Bacteriologist (Lept.)Assistant Virologist (Rabies)Asstt. Prof. Veterinary Bacteriology.Assistant Bacteriologist (M.D.)Assistant Virologist (N.D.)Assistant Virologist (Rinderpest)Assistant Bacteri ologist.Assistant Bacteriologist (Anae.)Assistant BacteriologistAsstt. Bacteriologist (TB&JD)Assistant Virologist (FMD)Assistant Virologist (FMD)Assistant Virologist (FMD V. P.)Assistant Virologist (FMD V. P.)Assistant Entomologist (SHAS)Asstt. Research Officer(Biochem.}Research Assistant (Slec. Grade)Senior Research AssistantSenior Research AssistantSenior Research AssistantSenior Research AssistantLivestock Production Research(i)(ii)(iii)Exotic Cattle Farm. Officer InchargeCalf Rearing Unit. Officer InchargeCoat Farm (Pashmina Production)Senior ScientistGeneticist.Junior Wool TechnologistJunior PathologistShri R. P. -Bansal,B.Sc., M.V.Sc. (Hons.)Shri S.K. ChawJa, M.V. Sc., Ph.D.Dr. P. K. Uppal. M.v.Sc"Ph.D. (Cantab.)Shri M. C. Pandey, M.V, Sc.VacantVacantVacantShri B. S. Negi, B.Sc., M.V. Se.Shri I. J. Prasad, B. Sc., M.V. Sc.Shri R. N. Sharma, B.Sc .• M.V.Sc.Shri A. C. Goel. M.v. Se.Or. P.S.R.C. MUlti.M.V. Sc .• C. Sc. (Hunary)Shri B. K. Kathuria.G.V. Sc. Assoc. IVRI.Dr. S. P. Singh. Ph.D. (Leeds)Shri A. Sikdar, M.V. Sc.Shri A. K. Pandey. M.V. Sc.Shri R. C. Joshi_ B.Sc., M.V. Sc.Shri T. P. Joshi. B.V. Sc. & A.H.Assoc. IVRI.Shri P. C. Harbola, M.v. Sc,(upto March 1974)Shri N. C. Srivastava. M.V. Bc.VacantVacantVacantVacantVacantVacantVacantShri K, D. Shaya, G.V. Sc.Shri S. K. Das. M.V. Sc.Shri D. C. Shukla, M.V. Se.Shri D. K. Ray, M.V. Sc.Vac.antCapt. K. P. Tripathy, B.V. Sc. & A.H.Capt. K. P. Tripathy. B.Y. Sc. & A.H.Vacant.Dr. N. K. Majumdar, M.V. Sc"P.G. (Dip). Ph.D. (Edn).VacantVacant

(iv)Junior Nutritionist.Junior Go_at Husbandry Officer.Senior Research Assistant.Statisti'caJ Investigator.78Epidemiological Studies (Foot €I- Mouth Disease)Project Coordinator.Epidemiologist.Virologist.Junior Epidemiologist.Assistant Virologist.Scheme on Investigation into Infectious Abortion in Livestock.Prin~i'pal I nvesti~ator.Bactoriologist.Dr. (Mrs.) Asha Majumdar,M. Sc., Ph. D.Vacant.Vacant.Shri K. K. Goswami, M. Sc.Dr. S. Kumar, M.S., Ph. D.Vacant.Vacant.Vacant.Shri A. K. MlJkhopadhyay,M,V,.,Sc.Dr. S. Kumar, M.S., Ph. D.Vacant.1. Dr. (Kr.) Suresh Singh, M. Sc., Ph.D .. D.Sc.2. Shri H.C.Tewari, M.V. Sc.3. Shrl B. Patnaik, G.B.V.C., D.V.P., M.S.4. Dr. N.N. Sharma, M.Sc., Ph. D.5. Shri V.P. Shanna Df:l0r_!'!ni, B.V. Sc., M.V. Sc.6. Dr. A.S. Thakur, M.V. Sc., M.S., Ph.D.7. Shri S.C. Sriv~stava:, M.Sc.8. Dr. D.N. Dhar,··M.V. Sc.,· Ph. D.9. Dr. P.G. Deo, M.Sc .• Ph.D.10. Dr. G. Subramanian, M.Sc., Ph. D.11. Dr. H.C. Malviya, M.Sc., Ph.D.12. Shri M.N. Malhotra, M.V.Sc.13. Shri V.K. Srivastava, M.V.Sc., 4. Shri R.C. Naithani, M.A., M.Sc.15. Shri J~C. Verma, M.V.Sc.16. Shri M.H. Kh,an, M.Sc.17. Shri Ram(i Lal Sharma, M.V.Sc.18. Mi'ss Ri~~ana M:Oir;'; M.Sc..,DIVISION OF PARASITOLOGYDIVISION OF PATHOLOGY1. Dr. B.S. Rajya, B.Sc., B.V.Sc., M.V.Sc., Ph.D., F.R.V.C.S.2. Dr, G.C. M,ohant.y., f\/I.V. ?c.,. Ph.D.3. Dr. C.F. Mataney, G.B.V.C., M.V.Sc., Ph. D.4. Shri P.K. Ramachandran,.B.$F., B.V. Sc., M.R.C.V.S.5. Dr. N.S. Parihar, 8 .. V. Sc.: M.V.Sc., Ph.D.6. Vacant.7. Vacant.8. Shri B.S. Kaushal, B.V.Sc..Head of OiyisionS.S.O. (LV.)Helrj1.-CuJ11-ProjeGt Coordinator!P.a.rasitp!ogist.Prof. of Pflrasitology.Helminthologist.Helminthologist.Entomolog ist.Immunologist.Junior Scientist.Ass\t. Prof. of Pi;lra.sjtology.Junior Scie.ntist.J u[lior Scientist.Asstt. Parasitologist.Asstt. Enfomologist.Senior Research Assistant.-do--do--do-Head of Diyision.Prof. of Poultry Pathology. (Lefton deputation in Sept .. 1974).Disease Investigati_c:m Officer (Gen.).Prof. of Veterinary P?thology.Patholog ist.Nutritional Pathologist.Poultry Pathologist.Asst. Pathologist (TE).(Left in May, 1974).

799. Vacant.10. Shri R.N. Sharma, M.V. Sc.11. Shri R.L. Sah. M.V. Sc.12. Shri M.L. Mehrotra, M.V. Sc.13. Vacant.'4. Shri S.C. Das, M.V.Sc.15. Shri O.P. Paliwal, M.V.Sc.16. Shrl S.K. Gupta, M.v.Sc.17. Shri Kali Charan, B.Sc., M.V.Sc.18. Shri S.C. Mukherjee, M.V.Sc.19. Shri Lal Krishna, B.Se., M.V.Se.20. Shri I.V. Mogha, M.V.Sc.n. {Jr. ~.f'. Slrrg-r'r, M3,'.Sc-, f1'r.a.Asstt. Pathologist.Asstt. Pathologist (PO).Asstt. Pathologist (PP).Asstt. Disease Investigation Officer(Bact.).Asstt. Professor (Pathology)Veterinary Officer.Asstt. Disease Investigation Officer(Path).Senior Research Assistant.-do--do--do--do-Patnorogfst, Pl.-480 Project onBovine Lymphosarcoma/Leukemiaparticu larly I ndian buffaloes.DIVISION OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS1. Shri K. C. Sinha,G.B.V.C., Associate IVRI. P.G. TraininQ in Bact (UK)2. " P. C. Gangulee. B.Sc .• G.V.Sc., B.Sc. (~ool.)3. " Roshan lal, B.Sc., B.V.Sc., M.V.Sc.4. "Y. P. Nanda, M.V. Se.6. Dr. (Mrs.) S. Rawat, M.Sc., Ph.D.6. Shri P. Madhusudan, B.v. Sc., Assoc. IVRI.7. " Subhash Chandra, M.V. Se.8. " M. L. Ahuja, M.V. Sc.9. " S. S. Jawa, L.V.P.10. " S. S. Nangia. L.V.P.11. "Gopal Narain, M.V. Sc.12. " R,P. Misra, M.V.Sc.13. " M.C. Santoshi, M.V.Sc.14. " P.C. Harbola, M.V.Sc.15. " H.S. Mehta. G.V.Sc.16. " G. Majumdar, B.Sc., G.V.Sc.17. " M.S. Yadav, M.V:Sc.18. " I.H. Siddiqui, M.V.Sc.19. " T.P. Parai, M.V.Sc.20. "V.S. Vi han, M.V.Sc.21. II Krishna Pratap, M.V.Sc.22. " O.P. Gupta, M.V.Sc.23. "V.N. Bachhil, M.V.Se.24. •. Y.N. Siddiqui, M.V.Sc.Head of DivisionSerologistBacteriologistVirologist (TC)Animal Breeder (LAH)Virologist (R)Junior Virologist (R)Junior Research Officer (LAH)Assistant SerologistAsstt. BacteriologistAsstt. Virologist-do--do-Asstt. BacteriologistSenior Research Assistant-do--do--do--do--do--do--do--do--do-.

80DIVISION OF STANDARDISATION OF VETERINARY BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS1. Dr.2.3.K. R. lVIitt~'1 B.V.Sc. ~ A.H., M.V.Sc., Ph.D.(Mn.) Sakkubai P. Ramachandran,B.V.~c;:, M.~c. (Vet), Ph.DB. R. G!:lP.tfl, J3.V.~c., A.ssoc. IVRI. Ph.D.4. Shri T. N. Jaiswal. B.Sc., B.V.Sc. &. A.H., M.V.Sc.5.6.7.v. P. Sin~h, B.V.$q, & A.H., MVSc.S. G. Mulli!=k. B.V.Sc. & A.H., M.Sc. (Vet)D. C. Maurya, £I.V.Sc. & A.H .• M.V.Sc.BacteriologistVirologistJunior Scientist(Enterobacteriaceae)Asstt. B,!cteriologist(Type culture)Asstt. VirologistAsstt. ImmunologistSenior Research Asstt.DIVISION OF VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH1. Dr. P. N. Khanna, B.V.Sc. & A.H., C.Sc. (Hung).2. Shri N. P. Bhalla, M.V.Sc.3. Dr. C. C. P. Rao, M.V.Sc., Ph.p.4. "G. P. Sen, B.Sc., M.V.Sc .• Ph.D.5. "S. S. Ghosh, M.V.Sc., Ph.D.6. Shri S.B. Kulshrestha, a.sc., M.V.Sc.7. H. N. Misra, B.Sc., M.V.Sc.8. " V. K. Yadava, M.V.Sc.9. Dr. M. C. Prasad, MN.Sc., Ph.D.Professor of Veterinary Public Health.IVRI Unit at Calcutta.Pathologist (Biomedicine).B~cteriologist (Milk & Milk Products).Bacteriologist (Food Hygiene), IVRIUnit at Calcutta.Junior Bacteriologist (Zoonosis).Junior Bacteriologist (Milk & MilkProducts).Junior Bacteriologist (Milk & MilkProducts).Junior Bacteriologist (Food Hygiene).Junior Pathologist (Bio-medicine).DIVISION OF EPIDEMIOLOGY1. Dr. C. Natarajan, M.V.Sc., Ph.D. Epidemiolo~ istDIVISION OF ANIMAL NUTRITION1. Dr. S. K. Ranjhan. M.V.Sc., M.S .• Ph.D.2. "V. N. Murty, M.S,c., Ph.D.3. "P. C. Sawhney, M.Sc., Ph.D.4. "U. B. Singh, MN.'Sc., Ph.D.5. "K. Nath, M.Sc., Ph,D.6. "Y. R. Saxena, M.Sc., .Ph.D. I7. "P. Kumar,~.M.V.Sc., Ph.D.B. "R. V. N. Srivastav.a, M.V_Sc., Ph.D.9. Shri B. K. Sharma10. "M. M. Jayal, B.Sc. (Ag.), Assoc., IVRI11. Dr. U. R. Kapoor, M.Sc., Ph.D.12. Shri B. C. Joshi, M.Sc.13. Dr. C. K. Wahal, M.Sc. (Ag). Ph.D.H~ad Of DivisionAnimal Nu~.r,itio.nistBiochemistSr. Scientif.ic OfficerBiochemist (.Org. Chem.)Biochemist :(A.C.)Asstt. Scientific OfficerJr. MicrobiologistHealth .PhYsicistJr. Scientist (Feeds)Asstt. BiochemistAsstt. Ani. NutritionistAsstt. Biochemist

8114. Shri S. P. S. Bedi, M.Sc.15. " M. Y. Khan, B.Sc., M.V.Sc.16. " V. P. Shukla, B.Sc. (Ag.), Assoc. IVRI17. " Arun Verma, M.V.Sc.18. " S. J. Daniel, B.Sc., Assoc. (IVRI)19. Dr Gopal Krishna, M.V.Sc., Ph.D.20. "N. N. Pathak, M. V. Sr •. Ph.D.21. Shri K. K. Saxena, M.Sc.22. "S. A. Khan. M.Sc.23. " Q. Z. Hassan. M.Sc.24. .. V. K. Jain. M.Sc.25. Dr. V. K. Vijjan. M.Sc.26. Shri S. K. Srivastava. M.v.sc.27. " D. V. G. Krishnamohan. M.V.Sc.28. D. N. Verma, M.V.Sc.29. Dr. (Miss) Urmila Chetal, M.Sc., Ph.D.Jr. BiochemistAsstt. Prof. of A.N.Asstt. Feed TechnologistJr. ScientistAsstt. Ani. NutritionistPool OfficerPool OfficerResearch Assistant-do--do--do--do--do--do--do--do-DIVISION OF POULTRY RESEARCH1. Dr. B. Panda2. "S. C. Mohapatra3. Shri G.V. Rao4. Dr. P. V. Rao5. " S. P. Sinha6. .. V. R. Sadagopoan7. n T. D. Mahadeven8. Shri K. K. Pal9. A.P. Pande"10 A. Veerabhadrudu"11. .. S. V. S. Verma12. P. N. Sharma"13. " S. P. Khare14. M. Kuppuswamy"15. .. Satya Pal16. Dr. D. K. Chaturvedi17. D. P. Gulati"18. Shri S. D. Ahuja19.20... S. S. Verma.. T. S. Johri21. Dr. Iqbaluddin22. Shri V. K. Gael23. .. R. P. Sharma24. .. S. C. SaxenaHead. Division of Poultry ResearchProfessor of Poultry Science (Tookover as Project Coordinator onNovember),1974).Poultry BreederPoultry NutritionistPoultry GeneticistAssociate Prof. of Poultry NutritionAssociate Prof. of Poultry TechnologyJunior Poultry NutritionistJunior Poultry PathologistJunior Poultry GeneticistJunior Poultry NutritionistFarm ManagerJunior StatisticianJunior Poultry PathologistJunior StatisticianJunior Poultry l\iutritionistJunior Poult,'Y PhysiologistAsstt. Poultry Breeder (Promoted toJunior Class I)Asstt. Poultry TechnologistAsstt. Poultry NutritionistAsstt. Poultry BreederSenior Research Asstt. (Transferred onpromotion to Div. of Physiology &Pharmacology)Senior Research AssistantSenior Research Assistant

8225. Shri S. C. Arya26. "N. Sripathy27. .. S. K. Agarwal28. .. K. C. Tripathi29. .. Nagendra Sharma30. .. Prakash NarayanSenior Res. Asstt. (Promoted to JuniorClass I)Senior Tech.Senior Research AssistantSenior Research AssistantSenior Research AssistantStatistical AssistantDIVISION OF ANIMAL GENETICS1. Dr. P.N. Bhat, M.v.Sc., Ph.D. (Purdue).2. Shri S.N. Luktuke, GBVC(Bom), Assoc. IVRI,FRVCS (Sweeden).3. Dr. D.P. Mukherjee, (on deputation) M.Sc.(Cal.) Ph. D. (Agra).4. Dr. B.R. Benjamin, M. Sc. (Man), Ph. D. (Sask).5. Dr. K.J. Eapen, M.S. (Miss), Ph.D. (Miss).6. Shri N.D. Khanna, B.V.Sc., Assoc. I.V.R.I.7. Dr. N.S. Sidhu, M.Sc. (RaD., Dip.An.Gen., Ph.D. (Edin).8. Dr. Kedar Nath, M. Sc., Ph.D. (Bom).9. Shri J.D. Joshi, M.V.Sc.10. Dr. N.K. Majumdar, M.V.Sc., P.G.Dip (Edin)., Ph.D. (Edin)11. Dr. S.N. Kaushik, M.V.Sc., Ph.D.12. Dr. (Km.) Asha Aroj, M.Sc. (Luck). Ph.D.13. Capt. B.U. Khan, M.V.Sc.14. Shri S.K. Chatopadhya, M.V.Sc.15. Shri L.N. Purbey, M.V.Sc.16. Dr. (Mrs.) P.P. Bhat, M.Sc., Ph.D.17. Sri O.B. Goswami, M.Sc.18. "M.C. Saxena, M.V.Sc.19. .. M.Raizwan Ansari, M.V.Sc.20, .. H.K. Bhagi, M.V.Sc.21. .. S.N. Tandon, M.V.Sc.22. "N.K. Sinha, M.V.Sc.Head, Division of Animal GeneticsAnimal GynaecologistSperm MorphologistSperm MorphologistAnimal GeneticistImmunogeneticist (on long leave)Prof. of Animal .GeneticsBiochemistAnimal geneticist (Sheep)Sr.Sci. Officer (Blood Groups)Animal Geneticist (Cattle)Jr.Sci. Officer (Blood Groups)Asstt. Manager (Sheep),Junior PathologistAsstt. Plof. of GynaecologyAsstt. Prof. of Animal GeneticsSenior Research Assistant-do--do--do--do--do-DIVISION OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY1. Dr: N.K. Bhattacharyya, B.Sc.,S.V. Sc. & A.H.,M.V.Sc., Ph.D.D.Phil. (Oxon).2. .. A.K. Pal, M.Sc.,B.L.Dip. (Agri. Sci)., (Edin)., Ph D.(Edin.)3. "M.S. Sastry, M.Sc.,Ph.D.4. .. B.B. Mahapatro, B.V.Sc., & A.H"M.S.,Ph.D.5. "B.C. Joshi, B.V.Sc.,Ph. D.o. Shri M. Sabir, M.Sc.7. Dr. J.K. Pande, M V SC.,Ph.D.8. Dr P.C. Sanwal, M.V.Sc.,Ph.D.9. Dr. H.B. Joshi, B.Sc.,M.V.Sc.,Ph.D.10. Dr. Jawahar Lal, M. Sc., Ph.D.11. Shri Narinder Singh, M.V.Sc.12. Shri Y.P. Singh, M.v.Sc.Head of DivisionProf. of PhysiologyToxicologistAnimal PhysiologistAnimal ClimatologistPharmacolog istSr. Scientific OfficerAsstt. Scientific OfficerAsstt. Prof. Livestock ProductsTechnologyAsstt. Plant ChemistAsstt. Prof. PharmacologyAsstt. Toxicologist

13. Shri Khub Singh, M.V.Sc.14. Shri D.C. Shukla, M.V.Sc.15. Dr. M.M. Raza Nasir, M.Sc., Ph.D.16. Shri V.K. Goel, M.V.Sc.17. Shri V.P. Varshney, M.V.Sc.18. Shri Suresh Chandra, M.Sc.19. Shri K.P. Agarwal, M.V.Sc.20. Shri V.Raviprakash, M.V.Sc.21. Shri K.S. Rao, M.V.Sc.831DIVISION OF EXTENSION1. Dr. O.N. Kunzru, B.Sc .• B.V.Sc. & A. H .• M.S .• Ph.D. Head of Division2. Shri S.B. Lal. B.V.Sc. & A.H .• M.R.C.V.S.3. Dr. P.N. Kaul. B.Sc .• B.V.Sc. & A.H .• M.Sc.(V.M. & A.H.).Ph.D.4. Shri S.C. Sharma. (On leave since 16.9.74)B.Sc .• B.V.Sc. & A.H .• M.Sc. (Agri. Extension)5. Vacant6. Vacant7. VacantExtension Specialist (Animal Health)Extension Specialist (Animal Production)Junior Extension SpecialistAsstt. Anim. Climatologist.Asstt. Anim. PhysiologistAsstt. Prof. PhysiologyAsstt. Poultry BreederSenior Research Assistant-do--do--do--do--do-Assistant Extension Specialist-do-REGIONAL RESEARCH STATION. FMD LABORATORIESBANGALORE1. Dr. P.R. Nilakantan, Ph.D.2. Dr. B.U. Rao, Ph.D.3. Dr. A.K. Sen. Ph.D.4. Dr. B.B.L. Mathur. Ph.D.5. Shri S.P. Nair, M.V.Sc.6. Shri S.N. Saham, M.V.Sc.Joint Director-cum-Officer InchargeVirologistJunior VirologistJunior VirologistSenior Research AssistantSenior Research Assistant1. Dr. S.S. Negi. M. Sc.,Ph.D.2. Shri R.N. Pal, M.V.Sc .• Assoc. IVRI3. Shri V.C. Pachauri. M.V.Sc.REGIONAL ANIMAL NUTRITION RESEARCH CENTRE.PALAMPURAnimal NutritionistJunior Animal NutritionistAssistant Res"earch OfficerREGIONAL RESEARCH STATION, PORT BLAIR (A & N I.SLANDS)1. Shri V.P. Sharma Deorani. B.V.Sc., M.V.Sc...Helminthologist2. Shri J.R. Rao. M.V.Sc. Senior Research Assi.stant1. Dr. B.G. Katpatal2. Dr. S.C. Mahapatra3. Dr. (Mrs.) U.R. Mehra4. Shri Nagendra Sharma5. Shri P.C. Dube6. Shri G.S. Bhisht7. Shri M.N. MalhotraLIST OF THE OFFICERS APPOINTED DURING THE YEAR 1974Project Coordinator (A.B.) on 23-9-1974.Project Coordinator (Poultry for eggs) on 1-11-1974.Junior Nutritional Pathologist joined on 9-1-1974.Junior Meat Technologist joined on 2-2-1974.Junior Dairy Technologist joined on 13-2-1974.Junior Research Officer (Livestock) joined on13-2-1974.Junior Research Officer (Exp. Med. & Surgery) joinedon 30-9-1974.

848. Shri B.R. Gupta9. Capt. L.P. Nautiyal10. Shri S.D. Ahuja11. Dr. H.B. Joshi12. Dr. H.C. Malviya13. Shri R.N. Pal14. Shri M.M. Jayal15. Shr; B.K. Kathuria16. Dr. P.G. DeoJr. Bacteriologist (Meat) on 30-9-1974.Jr. Research Officer (L.P.T.) on 30-9-1974.Junior Poultry Technologist on 30-9-1974.Asstt. Prof. of L.P.T. on 30-9-1974.Junior Epidemiologist. ·on 30-9-1974.Jr. Nutritional Path. 30-9-1974.Jr. Research Officer (L.P.T.) on 30-9-1974.Junior Epidemiologist on 30-9-1974.Asstt. Scientific Officer (Irradiated vaccine) on30-9-1974.LIST OF THE CLASS II OFFICERS APPOINTED DURING THE YEAR 19741. Dr. M.M. Raza Nasir2. Shri V.K. Gael3. Shri Arun Verma4. Shri M.M. Saxena5. Shri V.P. Shukla6. Shri S.J. Daniel7. Shri M.P. Mall8. Shri S.C. Arya9. Shri J.C. VermaAsstt. Prof. of Physiology on 30-9-1974.Asstt. Poultry Breeder on 30-9-1974.Asstt. Helminthologist on 30-9-1974.A.A.I.O. on 30-9-1974.Asstt. Technologist on 1-10-1974.Asstt. Animal Nutritionist on 1-10-1974.Asstt. Protozoologist on 1-10-1974 (AN).Asstt. Virologist on 7-10-1974.Asstt. Bacteriologist (Eut) on 4-11-1974.CHANGE IN STAFF1. Shri C. SeetharamanH.D. Standardisation2. Dr. G.L. SharmaPrincipal-cum-Jt. Director3. Shr; S.V. ChandiramaniAsstt. Animal Geneticist4. Dr. S.C. DuttHelmintholog ist5. Dr. Kr. Suresh SinghH.D.Para6. Dr. A.K. Pal, Prof. of Physiology7. Dr. P.R. NilakantanPrincipal-cum-Jt. Director, Bangalore.8. Dr. G.C. Mohanty, Prof. of. Poultry Path.9. Shri R.B.L. SrivastavaAsstt. Poultry Breeder10. Shri B.S. KaushalAsstt. Path (T.E.)11. Dr. Indra KUmarBiophysicist12. Shri V.C. PachauriAsstt. An. Nutritionist (Palampur)Retired from 31-10-74 (A. N.)Proceeded on deputation w.e.f. the A.N. of 5-9-74 tojoin as Indian Expert in Pathology, Vety. Laby. andRe~earch Instt., Bagdad (Iraq).Retired as Director, Central Cattle Breeding Farm,Suratgarh w.e.f. 15-2-74.Retired as University Professor in Vety. Para., Jabalpurw.e.f. 10-1-74 (AN).Proceeded on deputation w.e.f. the A.N. of 7-9-74 tojoin as Expert, Vety. Lab. & Research Instt., Bagdad(Iraq) .Retired as Professor of Physiology w.e.f. 30-4-74.Expired on 18-6-74.Proceeded on deputation w.e.f. 7-9-74 (A.N.) to Iraq.Retired as Director, Central Poultry Breeding Farm,Bhubaneshwar w.e.f. 30-6-74 (AN).Relieved w.e.f. the A.N. of 27-5-74 to joi~ as Asstt.Commissioner (Cattle) Ministry of Agriculture, NewDelhi.Relieved w.eJ. the A.N. of 25-8-74 to join as AnimalNutritionist, IGFRI, Jhansi.Relieved w.e.f. rthe A.N. of 21-12-74 (A.N.) to jointhe post of Jr. Nut., IGFRI, Jhansi.

8513. Dr. P.N. Bhatt, HDAG14. Shri S.S. BhatiaAsstt. Manager (Pigs)15. Dr. S. Neelakantan, Meat Technologist16. Shri Arun VermaAsstt. HelminthologistProceeded on deputation w.e.f. the A N of 7-9-74 toIraq.Relieved on 4-5-74 (A.N.) to join the post of Gene·ticist (Pigs) at Assam Agri. University.Resigned w.e.f. 20-4-74 (AN).Relieved on 23-6-75 (A.N.) to join his new assignmentas Animal Nut., ICAR, Research complex for N.E. Region, Shillong.DEPUTATIONSABROAD1. Dr. S. K. Ranjhan, Head of Division, Animal Nutrition, was deputed to Vienna (Austria) from 18-2-1974,to attend the joint FAO/IAEA Meeting of the experts on the project entitled "Response of Urea-MolassesDiet as a main source of nitrogen and energy for growing crossbred calves and buffaloes".2. Dr. B. U. Rao, Virologist, IVRI Regional Research Station, Bangalore, was deputed to Denmark and otherEuropean countries from 13-2-1974 for a period of 5 months to undergo advanced training in animaldisease control--Large scale production of FM D vaccine using continuous cell culture techniques, underIndo-Danish agreement.3. Shri A. K. Sen, Junior Virologist, IVRI Regional Research Station, Bangalore, was also deputed from13-2-1974, for similar training as that of Dr. B. U. Rao.4. Dr. P. R. Nilakantan, Joint-Director-cum-Officer Incharge, IVRI, Regional Research Station, Bangalore,was deputed on a study tour under Indo-Danish Agreement, to Denmark and other European countries for aperiod of one month from 19-5-1974.18-6-1974.Unfortunately he expired in Rome on his homeward journey on5. Dr. B. Panda, Head of Division, Poultry Research, was deputed to Bulgaria for 2 weeks from 14-8-1974. as a member of 'Indian Delegation to explore possibility of Bulgarian assistance in setting up a poultryhybrid centre.6. ~hri S. K. Agarwal, Seni.Qr Research Assistant was deputed to USA under UNDP (SF) project for 5 monthsfrom 22-9-1974 for advanced training in quail production.7. Shri G. L. I(oul, Asstt. Animal Breeder, was deputed to Mongolia for 3 months from 25-9-1974 underIndo-Mongolian Cultural Exchange Programme for advanced training in goat breeding.8. Shri B. S. Negi. Junior Virologist, was deputed to Iran and Italy for 6 months from 26-9-1974 foradvanced training in F:vJD vaccine production.9. Shri M. N. Malhotra, Junior Scientist was deputed to U. K. under Colombo Plan for 6 months from7-10-1974 for advanced training in animal husbandry (techniques of serology, immunolo.gy and tissueculture of Theileria species for vaccine production.10. Shri S. V. S. Verma, Junior Poultry Nutritionist was deputed to U. K. under Commonwealth ScholarshipScheme for 2 years from 14-9-1974 for conducting research in poultry science.11. Dr. S. C. Mohapatra, Project Coordinator, was deputed to U. K. under UNDP (SF) for 6 weeks from4-11-1974 on a study tour.12. Shri V. B. Ayyagari, Junior Poultry Geneticist was deputed to U. S. A. under UNDP (SF) for 6 monthsfrom 5-11-1974 for advanced training in poultry genetics and blood grouping.Foreign assignments1. Dr. C. M. Singh, Director, IVRI was deputed by the Govt. of India. Ministry of External Affairs andMinistry of Agriculture (ICAR) to Zanzibar (Tanzania) as an Expert Member of Indian Scientists Delegatior.from April 18 to 14th May 1974.

862. Dr. G. L. Sharma, Principal-cum-Joint Director, proceeded to Iraq, Baghdad as an Indian Expert inPathology.3. Dr. (Kr.) Suresh Singh, H. D. Parasitology proceeded to Iraq, Baghdad as an Expert in the subjectconcerned.4. Dr. P. N. Bhat, H. D. Animal Genetics proceeded to Iraq, Baghdad as an Expert.5. Dr. G. C. Mohanty, Professor of Poultry Pathology, proceeded to Iraq, Baghdad as an Expert.InternationalCONFERENCESWHO Inter-Regional Seminar on Organization of Veterinary Public Health Services, New Delhi/IVRI,Mukteswar campus, October 10-18, 1974.NationalAwardsSeminar on "Present Status of Research on Buffalo in India. held at Izatnogar on 28-9-1974.Dr. B. U. Rao. Virologist. IVRI Regional Research Station Bangalore. was awarded the Jawahar Lal NehruAward, in Bacteriology and Virology.Dr. N. N. Pathak, Ph.D. Scholar, was awarded the Jawaharlal Nehru Award in Animal Nutrition.

'lifll am f~~ ti:;rr,mm ~vpn:;:r{ ~r-nooozMINISTER OF AGRICULTURE 8- IRRIGATIONGOVERNMENT OF INDIANEW DELHI-11000124th September, 1975APPEALAfter the adoption of Hindi as the national link language, its developmentis a national cause and is the responsibility of all Indians. This objective cannotbe achieved if only a few officials use Hindi in official work. It would only beaccomplished by the goodwill and concerted efforts of all officials at all levels.2. The Prime Minister has, time and again, reiterated the urgeney ofincreasing the use of Hindi for official purposes at various meetings of theCentral Hindi Committee and elsewhere. On the solemn occasion of the birthdayof the Father of the Nation, Mahatma Gandhi, let us resolve that all membersof the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, at the headquarters as well, as iii thesubordinate and field offices, will start doing at least some of their official workin Hindi from now onwards.Sd/­(JAGJIVAN RAM)

wftT ql!lT f~~ ;iff,mUl" ~~~ ~T-~~ooo~MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE 8- IRRIGATIONGOVERNMENT OF INDIANEW DELHI-11 0001~t'fi 24 f~

CONTENTSPage No1. Foreword2. Introduction3. Objectives4. Organizational Set-up6. International Collaboration in Research6. Distinguished Visitors7. Fellowship/Studentship8. Awards9. Concess'lOn ~or Sc'nedu)ed Cas'tes}Sc'neou'eo 11~~ t:a'i'lTke.·zNe~10. Finances11. Summary of Divisional Reports122265710'\Q1014DIVISIONAL REPORTS12. Division of Bacteriology and Virology13. Division of Pathology14. Division of Parasitology15. Division of Epidemiology16. Division of Biological Products17. Division of Standardisation18. Division of Veterinary Public Health19. Division of Experimental Medicine and Surt'lery20. Division of Animal Genetics21. Division of Animal Reproduction22. Division of Animal Nutrition23. Division of Poultry Research24. Division of Physiology and Pharmacology25. Division of Extension26. Regional Research Centre, Bangalore27. Regional Research Centre, Sri nagar28. Veterinary Public Health Unit-AIIHPH, Calcutta29. Regional Research Centre, Port Blair (A & N Istands)30. Regional Research Centre, Palampur31. Research Publications32. Technical Sections33. Seminar/Conferences etc.34. List of Research Projects for the year 197635. list of Administrative/Scientific Staff36. Changes in Staff37. Deputations/Training abroad in 19751926464950555667~586163646768687071727376818384100113114

The annual report of the los,titl,lte f.or 1975 contains infqrmation according to approved format viz.Introduction, Objectives, Organizational Set-up, International Collaboration in Research, etc. alongwithSummary of Divisional Reports, Regional Research Centres, List of Research Publications, Technical Sections,Seminars/Conferences, List of R,ese~n~h Pr,oject,s ~or 1976, List of A,dministrative and Scientific staff etc.Detailed Scientific Rep'orts in, resp'ect oJ e,ach R,esearch Division/Regi~nal Research Centre/livestockProduction Research Projects are prepared annually, separately for wider circulation. These provide usefulinformation in 'respect of Divisional Research Projects etc.This report describe,s the salient but concise research work of each DivisionJRegi,9n~1 Centre in aconsolidated forJ:O besides administrative and ~echnical sections etc. The work in respect of Research Divisionsis that of {1} Bacteriology and Virology, (2) Pathology, (3) Parasitol0gy, (4) Epidemiology, (5) BiologicalProducts, (6) Standardization of Veterinary Biologic

ANNUAL REPORTOFINDIAN VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTEIZATNAGARjMUKTESWARAND ITS REGIONAL RESEARCH STATrONS,BANGALORE, CALCUTTA, PALAMPUR, PORT-BLAIR,SRINAGAR AND MAKHDOOM (MATHURA)The rndian Veterinary Research rnstitute has the distinction of being the premier research centre inveterinary science and animal husbandry in the country. Having made a modest beginning in December, 1889.it has attained the stature of an Institute of National Importance. It now comprises two campuses and sixregional research stations. The research contributions of the Institute in augmenting livestock health, productionand technology have received world-wide recognition.OBJECTIVESTo conduct basic and applied research on all aspects of livestock health, production and technology;to impart post-graduate education including extension education; to develop technological knowhow andinnovations for production and quality control of veterinary biologicals, and provide expert advice in veterinaryand animal husbandry matters.REORGANIZATIONAL SET UP OFINDIAN VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTEDuring the 4th and 5th Five Year Plan periods, the research, teaching and extension activities of theInstitute have been intensified in augmenting livestock health, prodUction and technology. These are carriedout in the various Divisions/Sections and special projects involving divisional, inter-divisional, inter-institutionaland International collaboration. The Institute now comprises three campuses at Izatnagar, Mukteswar andMakhdoom (Mathura), 22 Researeh Divisions. a Post-Graduate College of Animal Sciences, 6 major LivestockProduction Research Projects and 5 Regional Research Stations. The LivE:stock Production Research (Sheep& Goat) Makhdoom (Mathura) was acquired from U.P. State Govt. in December, 1975. The Divisions/Sections/Projects etc. are grouped as follows:I. GROUP1 . Livestock HealthDivisions of :1. Virology2. Bacteriology and Mycology3. Pathology4. Parasitology

36. Epidemiology6. Biological Products7. Standardization of Vety. Biological products8. Avian Diseases9. Veterinary Public Health10. Experimental Medicine and Surgery11 . Pharmacology and ToxicologySections of :1. Registry of Animal Pathology2. Immunology2. Livestock ProductionDivisions of :1. Animal Genetics2. Animal Reproduction3. Animal Nutrition4. Physiology and Climatology5. Poultry Research6. Laboratory Animal Research7. ExtensionSection of:1. Population Genetics3. Livestock TechnologyDivisions of:1. livestock Product Technology2. Bio-engineering and Instrumentation4. Basic Sciences and H,umanitiesDivisions of :1. Biochemistry and Food Science2. Livestock Economics and StatisticsSections of :1. Biophysics and Electron Microscopy2. Foreign Languages3. Library ScienceII. GROUP -Speci2l1 ProjectsLivestock Production Res_earch1. Cattle, Izatnagar.2. Buffalo, Izatnager3. Goat- (i) For Pashmina, Mukteswar( ii) For Meat. Makhdoom Farm( iii) For Milk, Makhdoom Farm4. Sheep for Mutton. Makhdoom Farm6. Pig, Izatnagar6. Poultry for Egg and Meat, Izatnagar

4Epidemiological Studies on Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Central Typing Laboratory, Muk:te"swar.Operational Research ProjectLivestock and Fodder Improvement at Rithora. Bareilly.m. GROUP-Post Graduate EducationPost-graduate education and training have been completely integrated with the respective Divisions.The following Professorships, besides Associate Professors and Assistant Professors, have been provided forthe various subjects:.1.3.5.7.9.11.13.15.17.IV.1.Virology 2. BacteriologyImmunology 4. PathologyPoultry Pathology 6. Vety. Public HealthEpidemiology 8. ParasitologySurgery 10. GynaecologyAnimal Nutrition 12. Poultry ScienceAnimal Genetics '14. Population GeneticsPhysiology 16. PharmacologyBiochemistry 18. Livestock Product TechnologyGROUP. International Collaboration:Nuclear Research Laboratories (UNDP-SF/IAEA)( i) Irradiated lungworm Vaccine laboratory. Izatnagar.( ii) Irradiated lungworm Vaccine Laboratory. Srinagar (J&K).( iii) Physiology and Endocrinology. Izatnagar.(iv) Nutrition and Metabolism, Izatnagar.2. Centre of Excellence for Advanced Studies on Poultry Prbduction, Izatnagar (UNDP/UNICEF).3. WHO/FAD Centre of Brucellosis, Mukteswar Campus.4. PL-480 Project (USDA) Project on -(i) Bovine Lymphosarcoma/Leukemia Particularly in Indian Buffaloes. lzatnagar (successfullycompleted) •(ii) Etiopathological and Epidemiological StUdies on Bovine Lymphosarcoma with special reference toIndian Buffaloes, Izatnagar (approved as replacement project).6. Foot-end-Mouth Disease virus Vaccine Laboratories, at IVRI Regional Research Station, HebbalBangalore (Indo-Danish Project).6. IVRI Veterinary Public Health Unit, All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health Calcutta in collaborationwith W.H.O.V. Regional Research Stations:1. Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Vaccine laboratory, Hebbal. Bangalore (Karnataka).2. Veterinary Public Health Unit, All rndia Institute of Hygiene and Public HEilalth, Chittaranjan Avenue,Calcutta.3. Regional Animal Nutrition Research Centre, PaJampur, (H.P.).4. Regional Research Centre, Port Blair (Andaman and Nicobar Islands).6. Irradiated Lungworm Vaccine Laboratory. Rawalpu~, Srinagar (J & K).

5For smooth functioning of the Research Oivisions and Livestock Production Farms, there are administrativeand supporting sections, viz. Administration and Accounts, Libraries, Engineering, Estate Farms, Medicaland Veterinary.INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION IN RESEARCHThe WHO/FAD Reference Centre on BrUcellosis has rendered useful service to various, laboratories.The nuclear research laboratories (UNDP/IAEA) (1) Irradiated Lungworm Vaccine (2) Nutrition and Metabolism,and (3) Physiology and Endocrinology havt'l successfully completed their first term. The PL-480 Projecton Bovine lymphosarcoma/Leukemia particularll{ in Indian Buffaloes has successfully completed its term ,(evenextended beyond 5 years). The work has received recognition at international level. The Centre of Excellencefor Advanced Studies in Poultry Breeding and Production has been functioning successfully for the 2ndterm with UNDP{UNESCO collaboration. Recently the University of Utrecht (Netherlands) has s-oughtcollaboration in post-graduate education.DISTINGUISHED VISITORS TO IVRI CAMPUSES AND REGIONALRESEARCH CENTRES1. Shri Shah Nawaz Khan2. Dr. M. A. Sabourdy3. Dr. M. Channa Reddy4. Dr. A. D. Belretchekov5. Mr. Tatar~v6. Dr. Paul E. Weibel7. Prof. B. BohranB. Dr. H. Bajjar9. Dr. M. Hammami10. Dr. Abbas A. Ali'1. Shri Aniir Bashir12. Dr. Lobry Michael13. Dr. C., A. Paterson14. Dr. Richard Darn15. Dr. C. Bujevic16. Dr. Adolf Cejchan17. Dr. L. Hoberlandt1B. Prof. R. S. F. Campbell1Hon'ble Minister of State for AgrL, Irrigation and WakfsDirector, C. S. E. A. L., Orleans, FranceHis Excellency the Governor of Uttar PradeshScientist, Poultry Research Institute, Kosteulrad, BulgariaHead of State Poultry Farm, Takinavo, BulgariaProf. of Poultry Science, University of Minnesota, USAProfessor of Poultry Breeding, Purdue University. USAI>-Oelegation from IraqIJFAD p(oject, Denp1isar, IndonesiaUNDP, Kabul, AfghanistanDeptt. of Vety. Prevel)tive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine,Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USAWHO Representative in IndiaDirector, National Museum, PragueHead, Oivision of Entomologv. National Museum, Prague, CzechoslovakiaDeptt. of Tropical Vety. Science, James Cook University, Queensland,Australia (FAD Consultant)USSR Delegation of Agricultural Research ~nd Education19. Dr. V. A, Lissovski20. Dr. M. M. Jambulatov21. Dr. P. K. Sidorenko22. Mrs. A. R. BetousovaHead, J30ard of Research, Central Board of Higher and SecondaryAgricultural Education, Ministry of Agriculture, USSRRector, Dagestan Institute of AgricultureRector, Primore Instt. of AgricultureInterpretor

23. Dr. S. Collins24. Dr. K. A. P. Stevenson25. Dr. C. Edward Nicholson26. Dr. B. K. Soni27. Dr. J. W. HibbslI6r UNESCO! UNDP!ICAR TEAMIJUNDP Consultant, NDRI, KarnalMukteswar Campus28. Dr. M. Channa Reddy29. Shri N. S. Pandey30. Team of Scientist31. Dr. T. Szevt IvanyiI.V.R.I. Regional Research (:entre. VPH Unit, Calcutta32. Dr. C Richard Dorn33. Dr. C. BujevicI.V.R.1. Regional Research Centre, Sri nagar (J & K)His Excellency Governor of Uttar PradeshKumaon CommissionerFAO/UNDP Regional Project on Livestock SurveyFAO. RomeWHO Consultant, VPH for 3 month's assignmentWHO Representative to India34. Shri Shah Nawaz Khan State Minister of Agriculture, Irrigation & WakfsI.V.R.I. Regional Research Centre, Port Blair (A & N Islands)35. Shri S. M. Krishnatry36. Shri D. C. MisraI.V.R.I. Regional Research Centre, Bangalore37.38.39.40.41.42.43.44.45.46.Shri Henning HalckDr. F. O. SorensenDr. M. JonsenShr. P. G. RamakhianiShr; Shah Nawaz KhanDr. M. V. MukhamedjanovPress PartyProf. M. L. ShahareShri K. N. KaulShrj V. K. HarurayChief Commissioner, A & N AdministrationChief Secretary, A & N IslandsDanish AmbassadorVety. Instt. for Virus Research Lindholm, DenmarkVety. Instt. for Virus Research Lindholm, DenmarkDeputy Secretary, Ministryof Agriculture & Irrigation. New DelhiState Minister of Agriculture. Irrigation and Wakfs.Councellor for Agricultural Affairs United State Sovereign RepublicChairman, ASRBVice Chancellor. CSA University of Agriculture and Techonology,Kanpur.Secretary. ASRB. ICAR. New Delhi.

7Fellowship/StudentshipThe following scholars were receipients of post-graduate fellowships :-ICAR SENIOR RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS FOR Ph.D.1. Shri M. R. Prabhakar Biochemistry2. Sukh DevAnimal Genetics"3. ., Rajendra Kumar Animal Genetics4. S.K. SaxenaPhysiology"5. Murari LalAnimal Nutrition"6. S. K. Bhadula Animal Genetics"7. D. R. Bhatia Animal Nutrition"8. K. A. Reddy Animal Genetics"9. Mohd. Hyder Ali Animal Nutrition10. Shri S. K. Kaul Animal Genetics11. Ashok KumarBiochemistry"12. B. N. Mohanty Gynaecology"13. C. K. Agarwal Poultry Science"14. V. Appa Rao Poultry Science"15. M. C. Saxena Animal Genetics"16. S. Rajagopal Animal Nutrition"17. R. N. Bhatnagar Becteriology"18. .. K. N. Rao Poultry Science19. G. R. Lokanath Animal Genetics"20. H. K. Srivastava Poultry Science"21. V. A. Kulkarni Physiology"22. I.S.D. DwivediAnimal Genetics"23. S. K. Jain Physiology"24. U. K. Sharma Pathology"25. T. R. B. Namboothripad Animal Genetics"26. ., N. C. Joshi Animal Nutrition27. .. V. D. Padmanabhan Bacteriology28. Shrimati Sakti Chakarbarti Animal Genetics29. Shri S. S. Sharma Gynaecology30. A. K. Batabyal Animal Genetics"31. C. V. S. Rawal Gynaecology"32. M. V. Rao Animal Genetics"33. S. V. Vanne.re Gynaecolgy"

8rCAR JUNIOR RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS FOR M.V.Sc.1. Shri D. Chaudhari Poultry Science2. I, N. Kondaiah Poultry Science3. A. G. Raj Poultry Science"4. .. R. C. Keshri Poultry Science5. .. B. N. Rao Animal Nutrition6. R. S. Chillar Animal Genetics"7. K. N. Gowal Pathology"B. U. K. Sinha Poultry Science9. ,. R. Vevakanandan Biochemistry10. M. Rehman Physiology"11. .. M. J. Christopher Biochemistry12. .. N. S. Nair Poultry Science13. .. A. K. Srivastava Poultry Science14. H. P. Srivastava Poultry Science"15. .. C. R. Kanvikar Poultry Science16. B. A. Odedra Animal Genetics"17. .. Y. Eswaraiah Gynaecology18. .. S. R. Singh Animal Genetics19. Dinanath PrasadPoultry Science"20. Ramesh Somvanshi Pathology"21. .. P. Ranganathan Poultry Science22. G. S. Pandey"Pathology23. .. S. D. Pd. Chaudhry Animal Nutrition24.25."G. L. Sharma Poultry Science" S. N. Soundara Rajan Animal Nutrition26. .. R. P. Singh Poultry Science27. .. M. B. Gujer Bacteriology28. u P. V. Sreenivasaih Poultry Science29. M. S. Tripathi"Poultry Science30. B. K. Singh"Bacteriology31. M. M. Sinha"Poultry Science32. .. K. C. P. Singh Bacteriology33. Mithilish Kumar Gynaecology34. .. A. Batabyal Animal Genetics35. .. L. H. Manjunath Bacteriology36. Y. C. Sekher"Animal Nutrition37. .. V. H.Rao Physiology

38. Shri V. S. K. B. Kumar Poultry Science39. " A. P. Kalanidhi1. Shri J. C. Biswas2.3." M. C. YadavK.V.Raghunandan4. K. T. Sampath"6. II B. B. Sinha6.7.8.9.10.; 1.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.N. Ravindranath"" Das Narayan Singh" A. K. Singh"P. SreeranuB. V. Ramana RaoS. MallikajunappaGanappa Veerabadhrappa"Shashi Bhushan Sinha"" Jai Ram Prasad" M. K. BhowmikD. K. SantraPulakm SinhaNirmal Kumar Pand~y9Animal NutritionI.V.R.I. FELLOWSHIPw. e. f. 1.1.75 to 31.1 2.75Ph,D.M.V.Sc.Animal Genetics & BreedingAnimal Genetics & BreedingAnimal Genetics & Breeding. Animal NutritionAnimal NutritionBacteriologyGynaecologyPathology19. Narayan SinghBacteriology,~20. "Santanu Kumar Bandopadhyay BacteriologyPOST DOCTORAL FELLOWSHIP1. Shri M. P. Bansal Post Doctoral fellowship ICAR2. Nem SinghPost Doctoral Fellowship U. G. C.3. Ram Kumar, Ph.D. Pathology-Marek's Disease ResearchFellowship1.2.3.4.6.C.S.I.R. FELLOWSHIP Ph.D. COURSEShri Gopal Krishna Sasarla PathologyBalbir SinghPathology".. A. K. Misra ParasitologyL. D. Sharma PhysiologyA. M. Jana Bacteriology",""""Animal Genetics & BreedingAnimal GeneticsAnimal NutritionPoultry SciencePoultry SciencePoultry SciencePathology.B iochemistryAnim I PhysiologyPoultry ScienceCENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR ADVANCED STUDIES INPOULTRY PRODUCTION1. Shri Ayodhya Prasad Ph.D. Poultry Science2. "V. Ram Subha ReddyPoultry Science

103. Shri H. K. Pardhan Ph.D.4. "A. K. Rai5. "A. Venkatramiah"PathologyPhysiologyPoultry Science.1. Shri P. S. SrivastavaATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION-Ph. D. COURSEParasitology1. Shri S. K. Shreshta2. "B. K. Jha3. "K. R. SharmaCOLOMBO PLAN (M.V.Sc.)GynaecologyGynaecologyParasitologyAWARDSOn the basis of work conducted at IVRI on radiation attenuated lungworm vaccine, the Film Division,Govt. of India, produced a documentary film "Irradiated Lungworm VacCine for Sheep". This film has beenawarded a Honorary Diploma at the 9th Internation~1 Festival of Scientifio and 'Techn'ical, Films held at Belgrade,Yugoslavia in January 1976. "The film produced by Shr; K. K. Kapil and. ,dir~cJe,d by Shri Chandrasekhar Nairdepicts the development of irradiated larval vaccine for the control of lungworm diseas~'in s~e:ep in the countryby the Indian Veterinary Research Institute, izatnagar, near Bareiily iti Uttar Pr~desh·;. " I(Hindustan Times, 4.2.1976)CONCESSIONS FOR SCHEDULED CASTES/SCHEDlJ,LED'TRIBES' CANDIDATESThe reservation order for scheduled castes/scheduled tribes ~andidates in the matter of employmentto the various posts has been followed. All the posts upto Class-i in the Scale of Rs. 1500-2C 00 andbelow are open for scheduled castes/schedu'led tribes candidates according to u'sual quota reserved for them.Six scheduled caste candfdates were appointed as Junior Clerks during 1975. In regard to supportingstaff 41 scheduled castes and 5 scheduled tribes' candidates were' apPointed.In regard to post-graduate education 20% of seats were reserved for such candidates. There is aconcession of relaxation of 5% marks for' 'such candidates. Provision aiso exists for· award of financialassistance by way of I. V. R. I. ~unior ~1O,d Senior Research Fellowships."FINANCESIZATNAGAR CAMPUSReceipt for the year 1975Rs.Sale of Dairy ProductsSale of Biological ProductsSale of Animals2,'1-0.450' 20,95,41'671A05Other miscellanoous receipts: 9,16,467Total Receipt 33,23,738I

.11~xp,enditure for the Year'rSalaries and T. A. etc. of officers and staffAssets .including purchase of AnimalsFeed & Up-keep of animalsCost of Chemicals & GlasswaresOther Miscellaneous expenditureB. P. Di\(ision including Pay, TA & Other Charge,sE,xpansion of IVRI & its PG Collegeof Animal Sciences under the VthFive Year Plan-Izatnagar (Including AllIndia Coordinated Research Projects)PL 480-SchemeICAR FellowshipsPension' & other retirement benefitsTotal ·Expenditure of Non Plan and Plan of IVRI, Izatnagar: ..24,51,OQ3(-)20.56,64,15,586,19,76,955, ".14,99.499,.34,86,24663,9252·,71;1891,02,7071,78,23,390Expenditure of Cess Fund Schemes',( i) Scheme for studies on the Biology &Control of Theileria met out of AP Cess Fund:('ii) Scheme on Trace Element Survey & theirstatus in fodder crops & animals at IVRI,Izatnagar Centre:Palampur Centre:(iii) Scheme for investigation on the biology &control of Anaplasma:( iv) Marek's disease in Poultry with special reference'to its epidemiology, diagnosis, controlTotal Expenditure of Cess fund schemes:..1-0,32612,42419,17812,12383,318Establishment of Centres of advanced studies for PostgraduateAgricultural Education & Research PoultryBr:eeding & Production, IVRI, Izatnagar (UNDP) :1,71,232 1MUKTESWAR CAMPUSNon-PlanPay of OfficersPay of EstablishmentAllowances & Honorari

12Rs.~.A.fl'lterim ReliefLeave Salary & Pension ContributionOther ChargesGrant-in-aidSchQlarship/Feliowship at the 'nsU.Other expenditure on account of3rd Pay Commission"s Recommendations38,081.901,506.35815.2012,82,757.071,935.0015,308.0512,228.95Total48,08,591.94Scholarship/Fellowship of the ,CARPension & other retirement benefitsSeminar & conferencesExpansion of I. V. R. I. Under Fifth Five Year PlanPay of OfficersPay of EstablishmentAllowances & Han. etc.T. A.(ntarim Reliefleave salary and pension contributionOther chargesOther: expenditure on account of 3rd PayCommission's Recommendations22,845.251,19,415.20Nil1,170.50785:70NilNifNil52,273.9454,230.14Epidemiological Studies on Foot-and-Mouth DiseasePlan~ay 9f OfficersPay of EstablishmentAllowances & Hon. etc.T.A.Other expenditure on account of 3rd PayCommission's RecommendationsOther charges33,706.15 112,303.5021,352.406,523.0039,459.451,13,344.50

13Livestock Production Research on Goats/Mohair PashminaPlan Grant in aidPay of OfficersPay of EstablishmentAllowances & Hon. etc.T. A.Interim relietLeave salary & Pension contributionOther chargesOther expenditure on account of 3rd PayCommission's Rec.ommendattonsRs.24,144.6573.570.5553,734.004.033.1578.708.87Total 2,34,191.22Total Non-Plan 48.08.591.94Total Plan 4,01,766.46Total Centrally sponsored schemes (Plan)TotallCAR Fellowship sjScholarships 22.845.25Total Pension & other retirement benefits 1,19,415.20Total Seminar/ConferencesGrand Total 53.52.618.85Receipts During the Calendar Year 1975Sale of Sera & VaccineDairy ProductsPoultry ProductsSale of fruits Plants & Vegetables etc.Rent including Water & Electricity chargesApplication fee, tuition fee & diploma chargesMiscellaneo.us33,581.0678,271,.083,964.105.675.2884,014.783.337.001,84,356.483,93,198.78

14SUMMARY'OF DIVISIONAL REPORTSBACTERIOLOGY AND VIROLOGYResearch activities were continued in the areas of bacterial and viral diseases.The immunogenic propertyof saponified gel vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease was comparable with the conventional gel vaccine.Efforts were made to switch over to production of FMD vaccine in BHK21 cell live with satisfactory results.Further studies were conducted with lamb kidney and bovine kidney cell culture for production of tissueculture rinderpest vaccine. The collaborative assay of proposed international standard of rinderpest cellculture vaccine from International Laboratory of Biological Standards, Weybridge was undertaken and resultsconveyed. Production and supply of monovalent and polyvalent vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease wascontinued. The mQrtality among Indian Bisons in Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary, Thekkady (Kerala) was investigatedand was found to be due to rinderpest. Work is in progress with freshly obtained RM/65 strain of sheep poxvirus. Fifty one specimens were received for examination for rabies and results conveyed. Comparative evaluationof different serological tests for brucellosis was carried out using 177 cattle and 262 buffalo positive serasamples. Routine test for brucellosis was carried out on a number of specimens. The activities of WHO/FAO Centre on Brucellosis were continued. Tests for TB and JD were carried out at certain farms. Productionand sL'pply of tuberculin and johnin was continued. Morbid material for leptospirosis was examined but wasfound negative. Work on vibriosis comprised production of antigen and related research.Efforts were made at isolation of causal agent of strangles. The results of capillary migration inhibitiontpst for Qlanders were found inconsisterot. Various bacteriological agents were isolated from cases of pneumoniain Qoats. The tissue cultu re unit maintained various cell lines and continued their supply. Theattainments in livestock production farms (cattle and Goats for Pashmina) have been reported. Under theproject on Epidemiological studies on Foot-and-Mouth disease the work of various centres was coordinatedand details of the work at Mukteswar have been reported.PATHOLOGYThe Division has significantly contributed towards health coverage to livestock production programme,research on priority problems-and development of diagnostic methodology. Briefly, studies were carried out onbovine respiratory diseases with special reference to viral respiratory infections in calves. Studies on fluorescentantibody techniques in the diagnosis of rinderpest and allied diseases have given encouraging results andusefulness to develop Quick diagnostic tests for rinderpest, and to determine the target tissues and period ofelimination of different strains of rinderpest virus. Studies on piglet mortality comprised survey, record andstudy the causes of piglet mortality, aetiology, pathology and control measures. Studies on lamb and kidmortality were continued and various conditions have been described. I n the area of pathology of reproductivediseases, role of infectious bronchitis virus in reproductive disorders in chickens was studied. Studies onMarek's disease consisted of pathogenesis of MD lesions in modified cutaneous appendages and somestratified squamous epithelial tissues, role of thymus, and bursal dependent cells in MD lesions and testing ofMD vaccine in laboratory conditions. In regard to avian encephalomyelitis immunofluorescent and histochemicalstudies were carried out. Work on the evaluation of the immunogenicity of indigenous strain of infectiousbronchitis virus was continued. Studies on mortalities in small laboratory animals comprised laboratory mice.rats, guinea pigs and rabbits. Health cover and disease investigation and diagnostic activities were intensifiedfor Livestock Production Research Farm, Cattle, Sheep and Goat, and Pig.

15PARASITOLOGYThe hatchability of the eggs of poultry ticks on exposure to various levels of gamma rays was studied.Similar studies were carried out in cattle and dog ticks. Immunological studies were continued on sheepstomach worm and results reported. Effect of radiation on worm burden and pathogenicity of Fasciola giganticainfection in rabbits was studied. Work was continued on examination of material for Theileria species in sheep,cattle and buffalo. Efforts were made for growing infected lymphocytes, in cell culture. Parasitic burden incattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats and pigs was assessed. Screening of sheep for lungworm infection in Garhwalhills was carried out, and immunological studies were continued.EPIDEMIOLOGYThe analysis of mortality data for four years (1970-1973) of crossbred cattle at two farms revealed acrude mortality rate (CMR) of 12 percent. Among the causes of death, gastro-intestinal disorders accountedfor nearly 27 percent of the total deaths. There was considerable year to year fluctuation in CMR which rangedfrom 11.91 percent in 1972 to 28 percent in 1973. During all these years death rate was highest amongcalves of 0-30 days age group.With a view to obtain base-line data on the prevalence and distribution of communicable animaldiseases of national importance, the information on the occurrence of 5 major diseases, namely rinderpest,haemorrhagic septicaemia, black quarter, anthrax and foot and mouth disease was compiled.Preliminary analysis of reported data of haemorrhagic septicaemia for the past 3 years (1971-1973) has shownvarying endemicity of this disease in different parts of the country. With regard to its temporal distribution.although the disease conforms to a typical pattern in most parts of the country, in some parts the pattern ofits occurrence differs considerably fiom rest of the country. The available information is being analysed inrelation to meterological and other topographic data.A three-months course in Epidemiology and Control of Animal Diseases was organised during Septemberto Decem'ber, 1975 for officers from State Animal Husbandry Departments & Veterinary Colleges.:BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTSThe Division was mainly concerned with production of Standard Veterinary Biologicals and their supply,besides improvement of production procedures. Research activities were continued on bacterial vaccines,viral vaccines, diagnostics/antigens/reference unit, quality control and laboratory animal production.STANDARDIZATION OF VETERINARY BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTSAntigen for complement fixation test for the detection of rinderpest antibodies in vaccinated animalswas standardized. Potency testing of Sal. abortus equi. vaccine was successfully tried in mice. Differentsamples of bacterial and viral vaccines, cultures received from Drugs Controller and various other sources weretested and results communicated. All the bacterial cultures received from Division of Bacteriology & Mycolgyare being maintained.

16VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTHEffect of ageing process on arterial system in bovines has been studied in 55 cattle and 17 buffaloes.Observations on fatty streaks and spots have been reported. Role of milk and milk products in the aetiologyof diarrhoea has been studied in 89 cases of infants. Work was continued on screening of serum samplesfrom cases of pyrexia of unknown origin. Two hundred serum samples were screened for rickettsial zoonoses.Microbiological quality of meat and meat products meant for human consumption was assessed.EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND SURGERYThe Division has recently been established and efforts have been made to creat infra-structure facilities.With limited facilities the Division has supplied 250 surgical experimental models to various Division. Researchactivities are being diversified.DIVISION OF ANIMAL GENETICSExperimental methods were standardised in connection with the studies on effect of rates and levels ofinbreeding on incross performance in Tribolium castaneum.Cattle were typed for haemoglobin, transferrin, albumin, amylase, ceruloplasmin and alkaline phosphatasepolymorphism systems. I n addition to these 251 milk samples from red Sindhi, Kankrej, Kangayam and Ongolewere typed for B·lactoglobulins and B-casein polymorphism. Eighty samples from crossed cattle have beentyped so far. Work was continued for the preparation of blood typing reagents in cattle.Seventy Dorset and 30 Suffolk crossbred animals have been typed for haemoglobin and transferrin andrecorded for growth. It was observed that Tf AB gave highest growth rate.Peripheral blood samples obtained from fifteen repeat breeding cows belonging to Hariana, Brown­Swiss. Jersey and Holstein-Friesian and crossbred groups were studied in order to find whether this conditioncould be due to chromosomal aberrations. No chromosomal abnormalities in these repeat breeders wereobserved.Overall economy of milk production and total lactational milk yield of buffalo is influenced to a majordegree by peak and persistency of production. These parameters were studied in detail. It was observed thatthese were effected by farm. sequence of calving and season of breeding. Persistency was estimated by eightdifferent methods.The data on Red-Dane cattle from rndo-Danish project, Hessarghata. Holstein-Friesian at Neli BuffaloBreeding Farm. Nabha and Composite Livestock Farm & Research Station. Hessarghata. Jerseys at Srinagarfarmwere collected. Various reproductive and productive traits were studied.ANrMAL REPRODUCTIONThe Division was established in 1975 after the reorganisation of Division of Animal Genetics. Theresearch activities were diversified in the areas of animal gynaecology, artificial insemination and its fieldapplication and frozen semen and its supply.Studies on anoestrum in rural cattle and buffaloes were continued as per schedule. In all 1250animals were clinically investigated for gynaecological problems. Encouraging results have been obtained

17on freezability and fertilizing ability of bull and buffalo spermatozoa. A total of 300 cows have beeninseminated with frozen semen and follow up programme for pregnancy diagnosis is in progress. Modestquantities of frozen semen from Holstein-Friesian, Jersey and Sahiwal sires are available.ANIMAL NUTRITIONWork in the Feed Processing and Technology Section has been conducted on the alkali treatment ofneem seed cake, urea and molasses impregnated wheat straw and paddy straw, poultry excreta ensiled withchaffed green fodder and molasses. Nutritive value of petro-proteins was also studied. In regard to cattleand buffalo nutrition growth performance of crossbred calves on various feeding standards have been studied.Studies on trace element survey in feeds and fodders of Jammu & Kashmir, Terai and a few districts in UttarPradesh were conducted. Work on determining the energy and protein requirements of growing crossbredheifers is in progress. In regard to sheep and goat nutrition, growth rate and carcass evaluation of Muzaffarnagrix Dorset Horn and Muzaffarnagri x Suffolk lambs was studied on a ration containing 50: 50 roughage:concentrate ratio. In the area of rumen digestion arid metabolism, total volatile faUy acid production rateswere determined by single injection isotope dilution technique in seven buffalo calves fed green maize rangingfrom 7-64 to 10.07 moles per day per kg DOM. The details have been reported. The Division collaboratedin research project on use of biostimulator in animal production and the research project on pigs.PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGYIn area of animal climatology investigations on the upper critical temperature of Hariana and its F­crosses with Holstein-Friesian. Brown Swiss and Jersey have been completed and reported. Feeding trialswere couducted on 20 Black Bengal kids to study the effect of injecting different doses of biostimulatorsprepared from buffalo spleen on growth rate, energy matabolism and endocrine status. In the area of endocrinologya synthetic progestogen (MGA) was used in combination with gonadotropin (PMS) in order tosynchronise oestrus and simultaneously to augment the fertility in Black Bengal goats. Pharmacologicalstudies comprised further work on anthelmintic properties of Carcia papaya (H=Papeeta) and Butea'rondosaseeds. In the area of toxicology, it has beenobserved that the residue of organophophorus insecticide Malathionir conventional feeds and fodders is negligible.POULTRY RESEARCH DIVISIONStudies were conducted on poultry for meat in addition to pedigree breeding of IC2, IR2 and IR3 strains,a testmating programme was also carried out in the fashion of 4x4 diallel involving IC2, IC3, IR2 and IR1strains. Encouraging results were obtained and have been reported. Four strains IWG, IWH, IWI and IWJwere selected for studies on egg production, with a view to increase egg production utilizing information onindividual production and sire and dam family average.Research work in area of poultry nutrition aimed at evolving cheap and economic rations viz. recyclingof poultry waste for poultry feeding, determining protein quality of feed stuffs, utilization of sunflower seedmeal cake, and mustard oil cake.A new sliming solution has been developed and tested for preservation of meat at room temperature andpickling of quail eggs.Physiological norms of Japanese quails are being worked out, and valuable data has been collected.

18EXTENSIONThe Division concentrated its activities in the Operational Research Project on Livestock and Fodderimprovement in adjoining villages. A questionnaire has been devised. Coordinating Committees have beenconstituted. The Division organised a staff course in July 75. Actively participated in the exhibition forMembers of Parliament organised in the lawns of parliament house in April 1975. Important panels were on"Marek's disease'", "Urea-Molasses Feeding", "Tissue Culture Technique", and "Veterinary Biologicals" of standardquality. The Division effectively participated in Farmers Mela at Nawabganj in October, 1975, organisedOpen Day and Field Day in December and arranged visits for 60 parties of farmers, livestock owners, students,scientists etc.BangaloreIVRI-REGIONAL RESEARCHCENTRESEfforts were made for development of suspension facilities for maintenance and upkeep of 8 HK cells andadaptation of the vaccine strain to grow on these cells and pilot production of vaccine.It is heartening to note that BHK suspension cell line received from Denmark has been maintainedsuccessfully. The details of the work have been reported.Rawalpura, SrinagarStudies on the immune response of previously infected lambs to vaccination with the radiation attenuatedlungworm vaccine were continued. It was found that the vaccine confers a poor protective acquired immunere&ponse in lambs previously exposed to lungworm infection.Port Blair (A ~ N Islands)Studies were completed on incidence, epidemiology, morphology of causative parasite, vector biologyand therapeutic trials, in relation to stephanofilarial dermatitis of livestock of these Islands.Studies on the incidence of common disease spreading insects of livestock in four selected villageswas started, and procurement action for the drugs and equipments needed to control them, was accomplished.Studies on incidence of common helminthiasis among economic livestock of four selected villages wasconducted, and procurement of drugs to control them, was completed.Palampur (H.P.)Details of further work have been reported on utilization of wheat straw untreated or sprayed withalkali and supplemented with oil cake, urea, urea oxalate or urea formaldehyde. Studies were carried out onkidney function of rams on urea supplemented alkali sprayed roughage diets. The effect of suppleme'ntingsoluble urea derivatives on concentration of ammonia-nitrogen in sJrained rumen liquor and urea, chlorideand amino-nitrogen levels in blood was studied. Studies were continued on nutritive value ofgrass-legume combination by in vivo nylon bag technique, and processing of cattle urine for estimation ofcalciUm and phosphorus in collaboration with Department of Agronomy of H. P. University Complex.

19V. P. H. Unit, AIIHPH CalcuttaStudies on pyrexia of unknown origin with particular reference to brucellosis were continued. Seroevidenceof Q-fever infection was noted among 12.2% of 114 cases in city of Calcutta. Besides the Centreactively imparted teaching in M.V.P.H. and other public health courses. The scientists actively collaboratedwith scientists of All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Calcutta in various ways.Foot and Mouth DiseaseProduced .'DIVISION OF BACTERIOLOGY & VIROLOGYRESEARCHDuring the year the following quantities of vaccine were produced, tested and supplied.Monovalent typeIssued .'Polyvalent"'A''0''C'Asia 115,000 doses (10 ml each)15,000 doses (10 ml each) Under test32,000 doses (10 ml each)21,000 doses (-do- )13,000 doses ( -do- )20,131 doses (40 ml each)The immunogenic response of cattle vaccinated in the field with newly developed saponified gelvaccine was compared with conventional gel vaccine; by way of assessing the titres of pre-and 3-weekspost vaccination serum samples. It was found that though the pre-vaccination sera contained variable serumneutralizing antibodies, the vaccinated animals exhibited a definite rise of antibody titre and the response withsaponified gel vaccine in both groups were comparable with the conventional gel vaccine.With a view to switch over to production of FMD vaccine in BHK21 cell line, a small batch of type 'A'monovalent vaccine was prepared by propagating B HK21 passaged virus (8th passage level) using BHK21 cellline and by incorporating 0.2% saponin and 10% aluminium hydroxide gel as adjuvant. This was found to bepotent, when 3 calves vaccinated with 5 ml dose were challanged with virulent virus.In addition, FMD virus types 'Asia l' and '0' (in the form of cattle tongue epithelium) were adapted inBHK21 cell line (clone 13). The gradual reduction in time period for noticing complete ePE was seen andsatisfactory infective titres in B HI

20With a view to assess the level of maternal antibodies in calves of 1 day to 2 months old and the effectof vaccination with TCRP vaccine on maternal antibodies, pre-vaccination sera from 37 calves and 3 weekspost-vaccination sera from 33 calves of Izatnagar was tested for assessing neutralizing antibodies. It wasfound that calves born of immune dams had quite significant antibody titres and there seems to be no effectof vaccination. The data is based in a limited number of animals and further work is in progress.The collaborative assay of proposed International Standard of Rinderpest cell culture vaccine fromInternational Laboratory for Biological Standards, Weybridge, England and test preparation from Kenya wasundertaken and results conveyed.The heavy mortality among Indian bisons in Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary, Thekkady (Kerala). suspecteddue to viral enteritis was investigated and mortality was confirmed to be due to rinderpest.During the year, 18 specimens suspected for rinderpest and rinderpest-like diseases were received withfollowing results :-Positive for rinderpest-7; Negative for rinderpest and mucosal disease complex-6; unfit forexamination-5.Sheep PoxFreshly obtained RM/65 strain of sheep pox virus has been propagated thrice in lamb kidney cell culture.As observed earlier, CPE was seen during first two passages and the 2nd passage virus has been found to havevirus, when titrated in lamb kidney cell cultures. Further work is in progress.RabiesDuring the year, 51 specimens were received and examined for rabies; out of which 25 were positivefor rabies either by histopathological examination or by biological test, 20 were found to be negative and sixunfit for examination.BrucellosisComparative evaluation of different serological tests was made using 177 cattle and 262 buffalo serasamples collected from known positive farms. Out of 177 cattle sera. RBPT. standard tube test andantiglobulin test picked up 25, 43 and 24 positive respectively. While there were 16 animals which werepicked up both by RBPT and standard tube test. Only ten animals were picked up by RBPT and antiglobulintest.Similarly in case of buffalo serum samples 30. 35 and 45 animals showed positive reaction to RBPT.standard tube test and antiglobulin test. RBPT and STT tests were identical on 13 samples, while RBPTand antiglobulin test on 4 samples only.The results showed that there is more similarity In RBPT and standard tube test. The samples were alsosubjected to complement fixation test, but the results obtained could' not be compared as large number ofsamples were anticomplimentary.In addition. the following work was done.

A total of 219 serum samples were received, which were tested with following results.21Species of No. No. found No. round No. foundanimals received positive negative doubtfulCattle 76 11 54 11Buffalo 31 7 11 13Goats 97 13 83 1Pigs 15 1 14Total 219 32 162 25During the year 26 cultures were received; out of which six were found to be Br. abortus and one Br. suis.One was found to be contaminated, one non-viable and seventeen cultures were not found to be brucella.Morbid material from two cases of abortion was received, out of which one was unfit for examination and nobrucella organism could be isolated from other.Three batches of ABR antigen were prepared during the year and 1480 ml. was supplied to the field.A total of 231 sera samples from pashmina goats were tested, out of which nine were found positiveand two doubtfuJ. Out of 32 milk samples, 10 were found positive. Two cultures one Br. abortus, and otherBr. melitensis were isolated.Fifty two crossbred calves purchased for the experimental work were found negative for brucellosis. Outof 13 calves brought from IZBtnagar two were found doubtful.One hundred and eight samples were collected from Mukteswar dairy. The whole herd was found negative.All the 120 samplE!s from Military Dairy Farm, Bareilly were found negative for brucellosis. 14 samples outof 109 from Izatnagar dairy showed doubtful titres._ These were later declared negative on supplemental tests.Tuberculosis and Johne's DiseaseOne thousand ferty eight animals were subjected to tuberculin and Johnin tests. The results aretabulated below :-51 No. Place Species No. of No. of No. of Remarksanimals animals animalstested reacted reactedto tuber- for Johninculin1. IVRI Izatnagar Cattle 650 21 Tuberculin reacting buffaloBuffaloes 93 6 no. 937 died on 24.10.75and showed toxaemia on postmortem examination but nor.B. lesions were seen.2. IVRI Mukteswar Cattle 105 3 4Goats 1353. Regimental Dairy Cattle 65 2 Both the animals werePresident's Bodydestroyed for controlGuard Dairy NEW DELHr

22The results of correlation of johnin test and post mortem finaings in animals that died or were destroyedduring the year, are tabulated below :-No. of animals positive onJohnin and p-o-st m6rt'em7No. of animals giving negativereaction to Johnin but positiveon post mortemNo. of animals giving do.ubtfulreaction but positive on postmortem2Potency tests were conducted in respect of two brews of mammalian tUberculin and a brew of ,avi~ntuberculin whi_ch were passed for use in the field on the basis of the results.A short course of training for R.V.C. officers of Central Command in theory and practice of the principlesof diagnosis and control of tuberculosis among cattle and buffaloes was organised. Six R.V.C.,officersparticipated in this course.A brew of Johne's vaccine was prepared, tested and supplied for field trial at the Government 'SheepBr~eding Farm, Palna, and Gujarat State. Fortyeight la!l1bs were vaccinated and 24 of comparable age were leftas unvaccinated controls. All the vaccinated animals reacted to johnin six weeks after vaccination and thecontrols continued to be non-reactdrs.The production of johnin was further augmented this year and a total of 1,09.600 doses of this productwere issued to the Division of Biological Products after testing its potency. It may be pointed out that at theclose of the year. there was no pending demand for johnin and a sizable balance of stock is'being carriedforward to the next year's opening balance.Facilities for testing the pote.ncy of johnin are being developed at Izatnagar.leptospirosisMorbid materials (liver. kidney and lung pieces) of five aborted foetuses and vaginal swabs of sevenrecently aborted goats were subjected to microscopic and cultural examination for leptospiras with negativeresults.VibriosisTwo batches of antigen were prepared from the 'standard strain of Vibrio fetus (1980), according to theWeybridge method. The mucus ag'glutination test was performed on the lines of Settergren and Soderlin'd(1966). A preliminary test was performed with 0.5 ml of vaginal mucus and 0.5 ml of antigen. Samples foundpositive in preliminary screening were titrated with 0.3 mi. 0.2 ml and 0.1 ml mucus containing 0.5 ml antigenin each. Those samples showing complete agglutination (100%) in 0.3 ml. or less were taken as truereactors. while those showing 75% agglutination in 0.3 mI.. were taken as doubtful and the others negative.In all 340 samples of vaginal mucus were collected from buffalo (160), sheep (7) and goats (120).On preliminary screening 33 samples were found to be reactors. Out of these 9 were found true reactors. while17 doubtful.Species Sample No. positive in preliminary True reactors Doubtful Negativetested screening reactorsBuffalo 150 21 7 9 5Sheep 70 4 1 2 1Goat 120 8 1 6 1

23StranglesIsolation of the strains of causal agent was attempted from affected and recently recovered cases at anequine depot where cases of disease were reported to occur among young equines routinely immunised agai'nststrangles with a commercial vaccine. Morbid materials subjected to bacteriological examination included pusfrom 'submaxillary and temporal abscesses, nasal swab from recently recovered animals and also those sufferingfrom respiratory catarrh, swabs from fistulous jaws which appeared to be a common sequele in strangles cases,suppurative conjunctivitis, etc.Of the 19 streptococcal strains isol~ted from these materials, 7 showed biochemical reactions ofStrep. equi (5 from actual or recently recovered cases of strangles, one each from a temporal abscess andsuppurative conjunctivitis) 6 strains identified as Strep. zoo epidemic us and 6 others as Strep. equisimilis.GlandersThe results of capillary migration inhibition test with samples of blood drawn from sensitized ponieshave so far been inconsistent.Guinea pigs sensitized with live cultures of A. mallei, suspended in liquid paraffin gave encouragingreactions on intradermal tests with mallein. This method is proposed "to be exploited for the 'routine testingof brews of mallein. During the period under report four brews of mallein were tested for potency and passedfor issue to the field.'Pneumonia in GoatsLung materials from 81 goats (27 Pashmina and 42 desi) showing pneumonic lesions were collectedfrom 'fatal cases, and twelve specimens of morbid materials of sheep were received in the laboratory fromdifferent parts of the country. All the above materials were examined for isolation of bacteriological agents.The different bacterial agents of patho'iogical significance isolated were :-1. Pasteurella haemolytica - 202, Aeromonas hydrophila 33. Corynebacterium sp. 24. Streptococcus haemolytica 55. Mycoplasma sps. - 20The other common bacterial agents isolated were E. coli, Streptococcus non-haemolytic, Staphylococcusnon-haemolytic, Alkaligenes sps, Proteus sps.Disease Investigation and Diagnostic ServiceDuring the period under report morbid materials belonging to 19 specimens were received from differentparts of the country. These were examined bacteriologi€ally and the results Were communicated to theconcerned authorities.In addition 9 largp. animals (Cow-1, Calf-8), 41 small animals (Pashmina goats-39, Kid-1 andLamb-,1) and 12 laboratory animals (Guinea 'Pig-5, Mice-7) were examined and material collected fromthese were subjected to detailed bacteriological examinations. The different bacterial agents df pathologicalsignificance isolated were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Corynebacterium sp., Alkafigenes faecalis, Streptococcussp., Staphylococcus sp., Escherichia coli and Proteus sp.

24Tissue CultureThe unit continues to maintain and supply established cell Jines-BHI

25No. of Non-viable Types Under process'0' 'A' 'C' Asia 1302 196 19 4 21 62Sub-typing of FMD virus of 2 field isolates could be done during the year.Preparation of guinea pig hyperimmune serum against different types was continued and followingquantities were prepared.Type '0'-122 ml; Type 'A'-75 ml; Type 'C' -60 ml. and Type 'Asia 1'-75 mi. As much as 172 mr.each of four types FMD virus hyperimmune serum was supplied to different regional centres.Fifteen batches of sera received from different regional centres were standardised for distribution.Two outbreaks of FMD in organised farms were investigated and detailed epidemiological data wascollected. The epidemiological data of 179 proforma was analysed with special reference to morbidityrates in different species of animals, and zone-wise morbidity rate due to FMD in different species of animals.BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTSDuring the period under report the following biological products were supplied from this Division.From 1.1.75 to 31.12.7551. No. Name of products Total quantity of products suppliedduring the year1.2.3.4.Culture tubesA.B.R. AntigenFMD (Polyvalent) vaccineJohnin383 tubes1680 mi.25,807 doses44,970 dosesThe following quantities of rinderpest antigen, hyperimmune serum and strains of rinderpest virus weresupplied to different state laboratories for confirmation of diagnosis of rinderpest and for preparation of vaccineand their standardisation.Rinderpest antigenRinderpest antis eraRinderpest virulent virus 'Hissar' strainRinderpest caprinised virusRinderpest lapinised virus45 gms.128 ml.67 gms.11 gms.2 gms.A sum of Rs. 33,581.06 was received on account of sale of sera and vaccines during the year.TRAININGDuring the period under report, classes for students or Trainees of M.V.Sc. (Prev.), National Diploma inPreventive Vety. Medicine and Biological Products were conducted.One trainee from Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana was imparted training in Tissue Culture.One trainee from Kerala Agricultural University, Trichur was imparted training for ten days in the latesttechniques in Virology. Two nominees from Bhartiya Agro Industries Foundation, Poona were imparted onemonth training in Virological Techniques.

26Two GDR Scientists were imparted training in this division from 9.2.75 to 26.3.75 under INDO-GDRSupplementary Protocol, in BruceHa and Tissue Culture Techniques.Two Scientists of this division were awarded Danish Govt.Denmark.Scholarship and got the training inPATHOLOGY DIVISIONWith this issue of the Annual Scientific Report of the Division of Pathology (1975), a significantprogress on the three fronts viz. (i) health coverage to the livestock production programme, (ii) research onpriority problems and (iii) development of the diagnostic methodology will be obvious. Besides this. theadvisory services on disease investigation and diagnosis of animal and poultry diseases in different parts ofthis country have formed an important activity of this division.The battery of the Fluorescent Antibody Tests (FAT) developed and prepared are now available todiagnose not only the existing diseases but the emerging and exotic diseases like respiratory infection due toP13, I BR and chlamydiosis also. Further, the preliminary efforts have also been made to procure and prepareconjugated antisera against Malignant Catarrhal Fever~ Maedi and Jaagziekte for FAT.The re-emphasis on the activities of the health coverage has paid good dividends in reducing the lamband kid mortality and limiting the incidence of Johne's disease among sheep. It would be worth while tomention that the altered schedule of vaccination against Foot and Mouth disease proved extremelY benefitial.This has led to the non-occurrence of FMD during this year at IVRI Dairy Farm.In continoed research on Marek's disease as a divisional project, the target of vaccine production andlaboratory testing of the vaccine's potency and safety have successfully been completed.Apart from the specialized training programme organized for candidates from abroad and in India, aspecialized course on Marek's disease diagnosis for field workers under the auspicies of the Ministry of Food andAgriculture, Government of India was conducted and a special bulletin was supplied for use to field workersand research laboratories engaged in Marek's disease research programme.The staff of this division though very handful, has put in a continuous hard work in fulfilling the mainobjectives of the activities of this division and maintaining high standards in fUlthering the basic objectiveseven with many lacking facilities for their work.Last but not the least the untiring efforts made by the team of scientists of this division of Marek'sdisease research have ultimately attained the recognition with the Jawaharlal Nehru award bestowed upon oneof the Ph.D. student, who undertook research on the pathology and pathogenesis of this disease (1970-74).Bovine respiratory diseases with special reference to viral respiratory infection in calvesA total of 77 samples (nasal swabs) were processed from calves apparently suffering from respiratorydisorder and having increased nasal secretions, in the bovine kidney cultures and given three blind passageseach. Except in one case, which revealed CPE indistinguishable from that produced by ECBO virus in bovinekidney cultures, the nasal swab inoculations did not produce any visible reaction.Histopathology of pneumonic lung tissue from 15 cases did not reveal any evidence of viral infection i.e.the presence of intranuclear or intracytoplasmic inclusions in bronchial epithelium. Broncho·pneumonia withor without suppurative changes was the usual finding.

Fluol:escent antibody techniques in the diagnosis of RP and allied diseases27Raising of Convalscent serainoculation.Rabbits were inoculated with Lapinised Rinderpest virus.The sera was collected after 3 weeks ofPreparation of conjugateGamma-globulin was precipitated from the convalscent sera with ammonium sulphate solution. The precipitatewas dialysed to remove ammonium sulphate ions. The protein content of the dialysed globulin was estimatedand were labelled with File. The conjugate so labelled was used to detect Rinderpest antigen in tissuesand in buffy coat of blood of experimental and suspected cases.Similarly a bovine-conjugate was prepared by using hyperimmune sera.Collection of materialsMaterials were collected over ice and were preserved in the deep freeze, from the rabbits and bovinekept under various experimental trials. Tissues were also collected from suspected field cases.Tissues collectedTonsil, Thymus, Lymph nodes (Prescapular, Mesenteric), Spleen, Peyer's patches of intestine, Tongueand Lesions.RabbitExperimental trials were undertaken in 9 rabbits. Six were inoculated with virulent lapinised RP viruskeeping 3 as control. Temperature was noted in morning and evening. ether clinical signs were also noted oneach day. One ml of blood was collected from each at the peak of the temperature and smears were drawnfrom the buffy-coat, fixed and chilled in acetone for FAT.Animals were sacrificed at various time intervals (4th, 5th and 6th day P .1.) and tissues were collectedover ice for FAT.( i) ClinIcal sig'1s. The inoculated group started showing fever from 3rd day P.I. Temperature readingreached the peak on 4th and 5th day. Other signs were characterized by dullness and anorexia. Temperaturestarted falling from 5th day onward and became subnormal on 7th day. No alteration in the body temperaturewas noted nor any clinical signs were observed in the control group.(ii) Pathg10gy Lesions were characterized by congestion and enlargement of spleen, mesentericlymph nodes, intestine and thymus.(iii) FAT. Brilliant greenish fluorescence was seen in spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer's patchesand thymus. Smears of buffy coat showed positive reaction.Cattle(iv) AGPT. AGPT was showing positive reaction.Studies were done in tissues of the cattle obtained from the suspected field cases, as well as experimentalanimals inoculated with vaccine virus and virulent rinderpest virus. clinical symptoms of these animalscould not be observed in all the field cases. However, gross lesions and fluorescence antibody technique Vliasincorporated in the study.A-Field Cases( i) Pathology. Gross lesions were observed in spleen characterized by petechial haemorrhages,congestion and enlargement of the prescapular as well as mesenteric lymph nodes were noted. Lesions in theabomasum. tongue and intestine were denoted by congestion and ulcerations.

28(ii) FAT. Ulcerations in the mouth and intestine were positive in some animals. rn others lymph nodes(mesenteric and prescapular), spleen, thymus and Peyer's patches were FAT positive.(iii) AGPT.B-Vaccine Virus CasesShowed positive lines in more than 50% cases.( i) Clinical signs. There was no much rise in the temperature although the animals looked dull for aday. Leucocytes reached maximum in 24 hrs and then started falling. It returned to normal in 72 hrs P.I.(ii) Pathology. No lesions were observed except in 2 cases where mild erosions at 5 DPI were presenton the mucosa of upper lip and cheek.Microscopically, the erosions in lips and cheek corresponded to the generative foci alongwith infiltrationof mononuclear cells and neutrophils.(iii) FAT. Marked fluorescence was noticed in mesenteric lymph node, tonsil, Peyer's patches andthymus. Reactions in spleen, lacrimal gland, tongue and lips were negative.Positive reactions were detained at 60 hrs P.I. in the buffy coat, though indications were noted in 36 hrsand continued upto 120 hrs P.I.e-Virulent Virus Cases( i ) Clinical signs. Rise in temperature was noticed at 24 hrs after inoculation of virulent virus. Temperat~rereached the peak on 4th day p.r. The clinical signs were characterized by dullness, lacrimation and anorexia.On the 6th day one calf was sa~rificed which was markedly dull, offed and was showing sub· normaltemperature. Another animal which was showing similar clinical signs died on the 9th day. Both the calveshad mucopurulent nasal discharge and ulcers in the buccal cavity.(ii) Pathology. Necropsy findings were characterized by erosion and ulcerations of buccal mucosa i.e.upper lip, cheek, hard palate, gum, antero-Iateral border as well as anterior portion of the dorsum of the tongue.Petechiae were found over the spleen and few on corona'ry fat. Mild congestion in the intestine with prominentmesenteric lymph nodes were noticed. Moderate congestion and ulceration at the pyloric end of the abomasalmucosa was evident. Peyer's patches were prominent in ileum. Prescapular lymph nodes were enlarged andcongested. Erosions were found in the pharynx and oesophageal mucosa.Microscopically, superficial portion of the epithelium of the tongue was desquamated and necrosed atplaces with severe mononuclear and neutrophilic cell infiltration in the epithelium and adjacent lamina propria.Mild degeneration with leucocytic infiltration was evident at the basement in the epithelial lining of thelip. The superficial epithelial tissues showed desquamation and degeneration. In a few foci there was a tendencyto form vacuolated spaces with few multinucleated structures at the epithelium.The degenerative changes having Karyorrhexis of nuclei in small irregular areas were present in thelymphoid follicle of mesenteric lymph node in one case.Degenerative changes characterised by Karyorrhexis of nuclei in the germinal follicles of Peyer's patcheswere characteristic.Abomasal alterations were characterized by focal desquam3tion of epithelium with mononuclear cell infll­,tration in the underlying mucosa and submucosa,(iii). FAT. Greenish bright fluorescence was noted in prescapular and mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen,tonsil, thymus, thyroid, tongue, lip, abomasal ulcers and Peyer's patches.

29Buffy coat at 48 and 72 hrs P.I. were positive for FAT.(iv) AGPT. Agar gel precipitation test showed positive line in these animals.Studies on piglet mortality in IndiaPackage programme practices for proper health, prevention and control of disease was prepared duringthe period and the staff of the project was intimately associated with swine production project to give properhealth cover.Mortality in piglets and pigs maintained at t~e Institute was studied. During the period from 1 st January,1975 to 31 st December, 1975, 139 pigs/piglets died in Swine Production Project and were available for investigationas compared to 126 pigs/piglets that died during 1974. Of 139 pigs/piglets that died, 73 were male,65 female and 1 bisexual. Besides, one sow of the project was sacrificed for investigation. I n addition, 10piglets died in B.P. Division and Standardization Division as a result of experiments. The: f'!l0rtality occurringin various age groups was as follows :-Age group No. of animals died No. of animals diedduring 1975 during 19741. Under one week 53 62. 1 wk-4 wks 46 563. 4 wks-8 wks 5 124. 8 wks-12 wks 3 75. 3 months-6 months 25 236. 6 months-12 months 1 167. Above 12 months 6 6The following conditions were encountered on postmortem examination and investigation of 139 pigs/piglets during the period :-ConditionOverlayirigG ast roe nte rit is/Co I i baci II os isColisepticaemiaChillingParasitic enteritisPneumoniaPneumoenteritisGeneral Debility & weaknessSalt-poisoningHepatitisMiscellaneousPyelonephritis & cystitisAutolyserlNo. of cases232754615710127131

30[t will be seen that most of the mortality in piglets was upto 4 weeks of age. The chief causes of mortalityin this group were overlaying, chilling, calibacillosis, colisepticaemia and general debility and weakness.Swine PoxAn outbreak of swine pox occurred in the herd during the last week of April, 1975 and reduced thevitality and resistence of the animals and was to some extent responsible for a setback in swine production'The disease was diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms. lesions, histopathological examination andinability of the virus to grow in rabbits and CAM of chicken embryos.Abortion in SowsThere were five cases of abortion amongst the stock of the project. Investigation revealed the presenceof chlamydial organisms in one case and the sow was later sacrificed. No other organisms of pathologicalsignificance eoula be isolated from other cases.Non-Conception and Problem of Repeat Breeders in GiltsQuite a number of gilts failed to conceive and some of them even after repeated breeding. Uterine swabsfrom 10 gilts, semen from 7 boars and material from two gilts (sacrificed) when examined bacteriologicallyand histopathologically in case of material from two sacrificed gilts failed to reveal any infection or organismsof pathological importance. The problem seemed to be other than pathological in nature.Studies on the disease problems of Tibetian goatsDuring this year no material was received for investigation in this Division.Studies on lamb and kid mortalityDuring this year investigation was carried out on a total number of 65 animals (46 lambs and 19 kids).The important disease conditions reported are as follows ;-S. No.Disease conditionsLambsKidsTotal1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.ColisepticaemiaI ntestinal coccidiosisPneumoniaSuppurative pneumoniaHydrocephalusParasitic hepatitisCongenital deformityArthritisIntussusception of IntestineParasitic gastritis (Haemonchosis)EnteritisOmphalophlebitisDebilityMiscellaneous(Crowpicking 2)(Trauma 2)(Fracture 1)(Phenol Toxicity 1)Nothing specific diagnosed7413321111186212411428654132111111264Total411556

31Age groupsDisease conditionsLambsKidsTotal13-14 weeksPneumoniaI ntestinal coccidiosisOmphalophlebitis11 11 1112 315-16 weeksPneumoniaSuppurative pneumoniaIntestinal coccidiosis1 11 11 13 3Total 4619 65Pathology of the Reproductive Diseases1. Role of infectious bronchitis virus in reproductive disorders in chickens( i) Tissue and organ culture studies.Three IBV isolates of the Massachusetts type which were isolated from the reproductive tract of chickswere used for further studies in chicken embryo kidney cells, tracheal organ culture and oviduct or~an cultureto see their behaviour in these host systems. In CEK cell cultures characteristic CPE was observed on thirdpassage. In the tracheal organ culture the I BV caused cessation of ciliary movements and subsequent degeneration.The concentration of virus in tracheal rings was maximum on 5th day PI, although virus wasdemonstrable as early as 24 hrs PI by FA technique. The oviduct organ culture was made from chicks treatedwith diethylstilbesteroJ. Stoppage of ciliary movements and marked degeneration were observed in the infectedoviduct rings. and the viral antigen was demonstrated by FA technique. The virus was present as early as 24hrs. PI. but the maximum fluorescence was observed on 4th day PI.(ii) Raising of antisera.(a) The IBV antiserum was raised both in homologous (chicken) and heterologous (rabbit) hosts. Thehomologous host proved to be better. The titre of the serum obtained was 10-6.24 by constant virusvariable serum method.(b) Antisera against bursal (B) and thyamus (T) cells were raised in the rabbits for subsequent studieson the role of these cells in the pathogenesis of lB.(c) Chicken globulin was prepared from the sera of birds free from mycoplasma, Marek's disease andinfectious bronchitis infections. Antisera were raised in rabbits utilizing this globulin.(iii)Preparation of conjugates.Four conjugates were prepared by utilizing the (i) I BV antiserum, (ii) antibursal serum, (iii) antithymusserum and (iv) anti chicken globulin serum.(iv)Experimental studies on the pathology of lB.(a) Day-old chicks obtained from P.R. division were infected with the IBV isolates by intranasal route.Chicks from the same lot served as uninoculated controls. The chicks were observed daily for clinicalsigns, were sacrificed at 2 day interval upto 5 weeks and ,subsequently at one week interval upto 24thweek and then at 32 weeks. Tissues were collected for histopathological studies and FA staining. Out

32of the 9 birds surviving till 32 weeks, 5 layed normally and the remaining did not come to lay. Uponnecropsy, the oviducts of the non-layers were found to be ill-developed, only the u~erine portions couldbe differentiated from the others. Cyst formation was observed in the middle and posterior segments ofthe oviduct of only one chick at 30 day PI.Histopath%gica//esions. Trachea and lungs of the infected chicks had characteristic lesions comprisingoedema and lymphoid cell infiltrations. The oviduct sections, so far studied upto 3 weeks, showeddegenerative changes and mild infiltration of lymphoid cells. Studies at subsequent intervals of infectionare in progress.(b) The other part of the experiment was designed to observe the affect of the IBV in developing oviduct.For this purpose day old chicks were treated with 0.1 ml (1 mg) diethYlstilboestrol administered intramuscularlYat weekly interval. The birds at 21 days were infected intranasally with 18V. Suitable controlswere kept separately. The tissues were collected at 2 days interval upto 14 days and then at weeklyintervals upto 8 weeks. Further studies are in progress.2. Studies on the pathology of avian mycoplasmosis in chicks with special reference to mycoplasmalsalpingitis( i) Experimental studies were conducted in day old chicks to study the pathology and pathogenesisof M. galJisepticum infection. Histopathology, histochemistry and immunofluorescent studies wereconducted upto 20 weeks observation period.Histopathologically Iymphofollicular reaction was observed during 3rd to 20th week in infected oviducts.Alkaline and acid phosphatase activity was compared in infected and control chicks. No significantdifference in activity of these enzymes was observed. Specific immunofluorescence was observed in lungs,trachea, air sac and oviduct of infected chickens from 10th and 42 days PI after the fluorescence was negative.Mycoplasma gal/isepticum was reisolated from the infected chicks upto 6 weeks consistently, thereafterthe reisolation was inconsistent. The isolated cultures was confirmed by epi-immunofluorescence asM. gal/isepticum.In vitro studies were conducted in chicken embryo tracheal organ culture to study the pathogenicityof the M. gallisepticum and other mycoplasma serotypes isolated from the spontaneous case of salpingitis.Except M. gallisepticum, none of the serotypes induced any histological changes in the trachea or any affecton the ciliary movements. While M. gallisepticum induced ciliostasis followed by deciliation and progressiveflattening and sloughing of the epithelial cells. Positive immunofluorescence was observed in the trachealepithelial lining during 2nd and 5th days PI.Studies on Marek's diseaseDuring the period of report, work was conducted on two aspects of this disease.I. Pathogenesis of MD lesions in modified cutaneous appendages and some stratified squamousepithelial tissuesIt was taken up with an aim to assess the role of these tissues in epidemiology of the disease. For thepurpose one-day-old chicks were experimentally infer::ted with virus MD (0.2ml blood intraperitoneally from MDpositive donors) and chronological study at weekly interval from 1 st week through 15th week post-inoculation(PI) was done. Tissues for study included comb. wattles, skin over th.e shank, skill from brachial and pectoralfeather tracts, oesol!lhagus, pharynx and tongue.

33Marek's disease resions in skin, comb and -Skin over the shanks were observed in 33% chicken~ sa.crificedat 4th week pro lesions' in these tissues increased in more. number of chickens with time i,ntervai andwas constantiypresent ir. all the chickens sacrificed afte~ 12th week PI. MD lesions in wattles were observed i~ onechicken out of 3 at 9th week pr and increased in more percentage of chickens at later intervals. Speci!ic,lesions of MD in tongue and pharynx were seen first at 12th week PI in all the chickens sacrificed and wereconstantly present in later intervals, whereas lesions in oesophagus were found only in 1 chicken out of 3observed at 15th week PI. The work for demonstration of MD specific immunofluorescent antigen in thes~,tissues is, in progress."The results indicate' the role of skin, comb, wattle and skin over the shank in spread .of MD infectionfrom infected chickens at' an early. age in comparison to tongue, oesophagus and pharynx.II. Role of thymu~ (T) and bursal (B) dependent cells in MD lesionsThis, work was taken up to study the specific role of T & B c,ells in the p~thogenesis of MD.MD was produced experimentally by infecting one-day old chicks with 0.2 ml blood intrape~itol'Jeallyfrom MD positive donors. Tissues from 1 st through 15th week was collected for the following observations :-(a)(b)(c)Percentage of T & B cell population in MD lesions.Presence of gl'obulin bearing cells in such lesions.Demonstration of immunofluorescent MD antigen and its relation to presence of T & B cells andglobulin bearing cells in pathogenesis of lesions.Tissues included for the study were sciatic nerves. gonads. heart, spinal cord, skin from pectoral and brachialfeather tracts. spleen and spinal cord. For the purpose of study cell markers against T & '8 cells wereprepared in rabbits and conjugated with FITC. Cells markers were standardised for specificity.and eros's reactionwith tissue sections of thymus and bursa of Fabricius obtained from MD infection-free chickens.The observation of T & B cell population indicated that majority percentage (60-80%) cells are from thymusdependent system with remaining 20-40% cell population from bursal dependent system in MD lesions.The work on globulin bearing cells and relation to MD immunofluorescent antigen is in progress.This limited study is suggestive of a cell mediated immune mechanism in the pathogenesis of MD lesions.III. Testing of Marek's disease vaccine under laboratory conditions.'After working upon the technical knowhow and standardization of vaccine preparation during 1974. thetarget for MD vaccine preparation and its testing under laboratory conditions have' 'successfully been completed.during the year under report.For the purpose of potency and safety testing of the vaccine, one day old chicks obtained from PoultryResearch Division of the Institute were inoculated intraperitoneally with 1000 PFUe of the vaccine. Uninoculatedchicks were used as control. Chicks used in the experiment were positive for MD antibody. All the chickswere maintained for 21 days in strict isolation and then challanged with MD virus. Half of the vaccinated andcontrol chicks were challanged by contact with MD positive birds and half by intraperitoneal inoculation ofblood from MD positive donors. Body weight ot all chicks were recorded at weekly intervals. Observations weremade upto 10 weeks after challange. Chicks died during the experiment were observed for MD lesions intarget tissues, feather follicle MD antigen and serum antibody.The results indicated a better growth rate in vaccinated chicks as compared to unvaccinate.d controls.Mortality in vaccinated chicks 9ue to MD was only 15% whereas all unvaccinated control developed lesions

34of MD. Control chicks were found positive for feather follicle MD antigen and serum antibodies whereasvaccinated chicks had only serum antibodies and failed to develop feather follicle MD antigen.Under this limited laboratory trials eighty-five per cent protection against MD was observed in vaccinatedchickens.Studies on Avian lincephalomyelitisImmunofluorescent studiesDay-old chicks were infected per os with a 10% AE saline brain suspension. The chicks were sacrificeddaily upto 7 days, then at 2 days interval upto 15 days and then at 21, 28,35 and 42 days post-infection.The fluorescence was observed in the brain, spinal cord, pancreas and intestine beginning from 6 to 15 daysand occasionally at 28 days. Liver, proventriculus and gizzard had variable fluorescence.In naturally infected cases fluorescence was detected in the brain, spinal cord and various visceralorgans of chicks examined at 8, 11 and 14 days of age. It could not be detected in older chicks. Theintensity of fluorescence was related with the degree of clinical signs, being more in paretic chicks than thoseshowing tremors of head and neck only.Histochemical studiesHistochemical studies were undertaken to assess the activity of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase,cholinesterase and phospholipids in the brain and spinal cord of infected chicks. The activity was comparedwith the section prepared from chicks of comparable age group. No marked elevation or depression in theactivity of these enzymes could be noticed during 1 st through 5th week postinoculation period.Evaluation of the immunogenicity of indigenous strain of IBVThe work on this project was started from Oct. 1974.To have a pathogenic strain of IBV which may be used for challenging chickens vaccinated with IBVvaccine developed from an indigenously isolated Massachusetts type mild strain as the first objective of theProject, further bird to bird passages with IBV (UP) were continued.Till now the virus has been given 12 serial passages in the chickens. At every passage, respiratorysymptoms, presence and concentration of virus in rEspiratory tract (trachea, lungs) and in kidneys and grossand histopathological changes incited by the virus in respiratory (trachea, lungs, air sacs) and urogenital tract(kidneys, oviduct) were determined.The severity of the respiratory sympto ms in the form of tracheal rales laboured breathing and gurglingsounds, had increased during these passages.The multiplication of virus in trachea and lungs was demo'nstrated at every passage. The virus was alsodemonstrated in the kidney at the 11 th passage.No gross lesions except mucoid dischange in the lumen of trachea, were found in the lungs, kidney oroviduct.The severity of histopathological reaction in trachea, lungs and airsacs had increased during thesepassages but this did not uniformly demonstrate the lesions. Lesions in oviduct and in kidneys have alsostarted appearing.The virus requires further passage to get uniform increase in respiratory symptoms and histopathologicalreactions.Studies on mortalities in small laboratory animalsDuring the period from 1 st January, 1975 to 31 st December, 1975,935 small laboratory animals ascompared to 1212 animals of the following species died and were received from various divisions for investigationand study ;-

SpeciesMiceRatsGuinea pigsRabbits35No. of animals died in 197Q6422919569Np. of animals died in 1974771115176150A-Mortality Pattern Amongst Laboratory Mice-Mortality pattern amongst laboratory mice was studied during the period and the following pathologicalconditions were encountered on post-mortem examination; -ConditionPneumoniaSalmonellosisBotryomycosisNephritisCandidiasisPseudotuberculosis (Corynebacterial)HepatitisMammary adenocarcinomaMammary fibrosarcomaReticulum cell sarcomaThymo-IymphosarcomaArthritisMetritisIntussusceptionMiscellaneousAutolysedNo. of cases1601318532431412315299The most important conditions were pneumonia and salmonellosis and accounted for most of themortality. Candidiasis and mammary fibrosarcoma were recorded for the first time.1- PneumoniaPneumonia was encountered in 160 cases. Morbid material on histopathological examination revealedin some cases bronchopneumonia with periobronchial and perivascular cuffing by lymphocytes and plasmacells. In other cases multiple areas of wppurative bronchopneumonia with necrosis of lung parenchyma wereobserved. Bacteriological examination revealed the presence of Mycoplasma sp .• Pasteurella pneumotropicaand Staphylococcus aureus. In two Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was isolated from diffuse consolidatedareas of lungs.2-SalmonellosisLesions of salmonellosis were observed in 131 cases. Cases of salmonellosis have been recorded everyyear and necessary serotyping was got done during last few years.3-CandidiasisThree cases of candidiasis characterized by lesions of pyelonephritis were observed for the first timeand the causative organism, Candida tlopicalis was isolated from two cases.

4-Mammary Neoplasms, "36Three cases of mammary adenocarcinoma were reeorded during the perIod. Such cases have also beenobserved during the 'previous years. However, one case of mammary fibrosarcoma with periacinar fibroadenomawas observed for the first time.5-Reticulum cell sarcomaOne case of reticulum cell sarcoma involving spleen and kidneys was observed in a mouse. On earlieroccasions the tumour was seen in rats and not in mice.As during the previous years. cases of thymic lymphosarcoma and botrymycosis were observed in mice.An interesting case showing a parasitic cyst probably caused by a protozoan parasite was observed in the brainof a mouse. The identity of the parasite could not be established. Efforts will be made for the identificationof the parasite.B-Mortal ity Pattern Among RatsThe following pathological conditions were encountered on post-mortem and investigation of 29 ratsthat died during the period :-ConditionPneumoniaHepatitisInternal HaemorrhageAutolysedNo. of cases15112Mortality amongst rats was considerably low dUring the year. The important condition encountered waspneumonia.C-Mortality Pattern Among Guinea PigsThe following pathological conditions were encountered on post-mortem examination of 195 guineapigs :-ConditionAflatoxicosis & pseudotuberculosisPseudotuberculosisMiscellaneousAutolysedNo. of cases91301757The most important condition encountered were Aflatoxicosis and Pseudotuberculosis which occurredtogether in majority of cases. There were wide areas of pericellular and intercellular fibrosis in the liver replacingmost of the architecture. with a few surviving hepatic cells. In other areas there were nodular hyperplasia re·suIting from an atempt at regeneration superimposed by fatty changes. A few livers also revealed diffused.hyperplasiaof bile ducts with their dilatation in some. Pasteurella Pseudotuberculosis was isolated from the cases.Aflatoxicosis was a carry-over of the outbreak of last year and lasted till the end of January 1975. The feed.particularly the groundnut cake was found to be highly contaminated with aflatoxins. The change of feedavoiding contamination resulted in improvement and low mortality in subsequent period.

37D-Mortality Pattern in RabbitsThe following pathological conditions were encountered on post mortem and investigation of 69 rabbitsthat died during the period :-ConditionIntestinal coccidiosisHepatic coccidiosisPneumoniaMiscellaneousAutolysedNo. of casesMost important condition accounting for mortality in rabbits was coccidiosis for which necessary treatmentand control measures were suggested from time to time.3912918Health Coverage to livestok Production ProgrammeA-Cattle( i) The annual preventive vaccination programme in the Dairy Farm was scheduled with the resultthat incidence of Foot and Mouth disease, which proviously occurred almost every year in the months ofDecember and January, could be avoided this year.(ii) CALF:A regular visits in early morning hours were paid at the calf unit of the Farm Animal Genetics Sectionof the Institute and while at other experimental sheds of various divisions where calves are maintained werealso visited whenever there was some problem.Ailing calves were clinically examined for temperature, nasal discharge. diarrhoea. conjunctivitis etc.Materials were collected from ailing calves wherever necessary for laboratory examination. These wereprocessed and results were immediately conveyed to the concerned officers for treatment and other prophylacticmeasures.The package of practices formulated under All India Coordinated Research Project on investigation ofcalf mortality in India were intensively implemented at the farm and experimental calves maintained underdifferent divisions. regarding management. hygiene. vaccination and treatment of calves.B-Sheep and GoatsDuring the period health coverage programme of sheep and goats alongwith package of practices wasexecuted as follows:1. Sheep( i) Prophylactic vaccinationVaccination was done with Multicomponent clostridial vaccine in 434 sheep including exotic rams inthe month of June followed by second dose after 13 days. None of the animol died due to enterotoxaemia.(ii) Dipping. was done twice (14th and 15th June and 25th November) in a year 20 days aftershearing with 0.1% BHe.(iii) Deworming was carried out twice in a year (June and October) and coccidiostats were giventhrice in a year (April. June and September). However as and when found necessary this was repeated'depending upon the diagnosis of worm burden.

38(iv) Post-natal care against colisepticaemia and enteric diseases was afforded by application of Tr.iodine immediately after birth alongwith preventive therapy of antibiotics (Chloromycetin palmitate andfuroxane) for first three days. The procedure gave excellent results in saving heonatal mortality as out of 203lambs born only 7 died due to colisepticaemia.lambs.Besides above, a vigorous daily routine health check up were provided in strong support to raisingitheA-Clinicopathological(1) Johne's disease testing was done twice in a year (May & November). In the first testing out of674 animals examined, 261 were found to be clinical shedders and in second testing out of 427 animals, 44were detected as clinical shedders. The clinical shedders have been eliminated from the fa rm and allergicpositive have been isolated.(2) Keratoconjunctivitis due to Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 47 lambs of 3 to 90 days old.The lambs were treated with chloramphenicol and responded well with this treatment.(3) About 80 lambs had diarrhoea. On faecal examination they were positive for coccidiosis andstrongyloidosis. Sulphamezathin 33!% solution, diadin and thiabendole were given and the lambs respondedwith this treatme.nt.(4) In 6 lambs oedema of the brisket region was observed alongwith rise of temperature. Haematologywas done in 4 animals. The results are as follows:Animal1231218'87693443RBCs millions!cu mm.11-510.27.3811.01TLO Hb. PCV ESP/mm DLCcu mm. gms!100ml %22,650 10 4120,500 11 3510,900 9 2611,750 13 37------------------------------------! hr nil N-771 hr 0.2 L-222 hr 0.8 E - 2M- 1B-Nil-! hr 0.11 hr 0.22 hr 0.3-! hr 0.21 hr 0.22 hr 1.0t hr 0.21 hr 0.62 hr 1.0N-82L -18E)M)-NilB)N-53L-43E)M)-NilB)N-56L-40E)- 2M- 2Haematology indicated leucocytoses with neutrophilia in JWo animals (1231 & 2188). One animalwas sacrificed for investigation. Clostridium perferingens type A was isolated.(5) Foot rot was observed in 9 exotic rams (Dorset and Suffolk). Foot bath was provided alongwithtreatment and the rams responded and recovered by the treatment.

39(6) Some of the lambs had severe m!'lnge on the nose and over the ear and was diagnosed due toPsoroptes communis ovis. The lambs responded with the treatment.B-Specific investigationOut of 16 ewes aborted during the year, 14 were found to be due to chlamydia (PLV). These eweswere eliminated from the farm.C-Necropsy examinationA total number of 96 animals were received for post-mortem during the year.were as follows:The disease conditions1. Colisepticaemia 72. Johne's disease 363. Pneumonia 74. Suppurative pneumonia 45. Epididymo-orch itis 16. Caseous lymphadenitis 27. Metritis 28. Immature amphistomiasis 19. Haemonchosis 110. Intestinal coccidiosis 311 . Jaagziekte 312. Parasitic hepatitis 213. Tympanitis 214. Congenital deformity 215. Arthritis 116. Debility 817. Intussusception of intestine 118. Traumatic injury 319. Haemorrhagic enteritis ,20. Ph,eneol Toxicity 121. Sacrificed 1Total 89Putrefied 7Grand Total 962-Goat (leept in Physiology and Climatology and Animal Nutrition Division)1. Prophylactic vaccination-Enterotoxaemia type D. Vaccination was done in the month of July.2 Deworming and coccidiostats were given as per schedule and as and when found necessary dependingupon the diagnosis.InvestigationsA -CI i nicopathological1. Johne's disease-Faecal samples were examined from 111 goats. 24 goats Were found to be clinicalshedders which have been eliminated from the sheds. "2. Faecal samples from 43 goats were positive for coccidiosis and strongyloidosis. They were cured bytimely treatment.

3. Haematology was done for 3 goats which had anaemia. The details are as follows:40SINo.Goat No.(Black Bengal)TLC 1cu mm.Hb gms/100ml.PCV%ESRDLCmm . %. 1.1633,2605.626i hrs-nil N-672 hr-0.2 L-26E- 4M- 32.19828,8004.0N-89L -11M-NilE-Nil3.1426,7505.0N·36L-61E - 2M- 1The animals had leucocytosis in 3 and neutroph ilia in 2 animals and responded with the treatment.B-Specific investigationDuring the year 3 crossbred goats aborted. They were diagnosed as due to chlamydia (PLV) in twocases. The aborted animals have been eliminated from the sheds.C- Necropsy examinationsA total number of 52 goats were received for necropsy examination.were as follows:Disease conditions1. Colisepticaemia2. Johne's disease3. Pneumonia4. Suppurative pneumonia6. Suppurative metritis6. Vegetative endocarditis7. I ntestinal coccidiosis8. Haemonchosis9. Acute catarrhal enteritis10. Tympanitis11. Debility12. Hydrocephalus13. Cerebral haemorrhage14. SacrificedPhysiology and Climatology Division93211523311233Putrefied 6Grand Total 39The disease conditions diagnosedA. N. Division11212311213

413 .. ~S.wJlleA package __ programme of practices for maintenance oflJroper health and prevention of diseas.es in pigs!piglets at the Pig Farm of the' f.V.R.r. was chalked out and given to the Project Coordinator (Pigs). The salientfeatures consisted of sanitary measures, care of sows, boars, new born piglets, their treatment, vaccinationschedule and preventive and control measures for the diseases. The staff of the Pathology Division wereimmediately associated with swine production project on health side viz. the health practices for rearingpiglets etc.,detection of sick cases and' getting them treated. vaccinating animals against swine fever, collectionof morbid material.4. Laboratory AnimalsThe Division was intimately associated with

42(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (9)2. Buffaloes 16 14 8 Johne's disease, Coccidiosis, Acute peritonitis,Liver cirrhosis, Testicular degeneration and vulvarpapilloma with pseudoepithelimatous hyperplasia.3. Equines 7 5 2 Bronchopneumonia, Necrotic changes in spleenand/or liver.4. Canines 21 19 12 5 Rabies Canine distemper, Epidermoid carcinoma.5. Wild animals 34 28 2 S Tuberculosis, Coccidiosis, Malaria, lipomatosis,Metaplasia in liver, Pneumonia & I iver cirrhosis.Total 237 1·85 26 83Ten animals died among 121 ailing calves and 111 calves survived by timely prophylaxis and treatment.Field InvestigationsTwelve materials were received for examination from various parts of the country and the results wereconveyeq to the concerned officers after conducting necessary laboratory examinations. Suspected cases ofRinderpe!lt

43SwineThe following important diseases and problems were investigated. :_( i) Colibacillosis/Colisepticaemia in pigletsThe mortality amongst piglets upto 4 weeks of age was investigated. The principal lesions consistedof gastro-enteritis/enteritis/septicaemia.(Ii)' PneumoniaPneumonia in piglets was encountered in about 15 cases and bacteriological examination revealedpresence of Mycoplasma granularum in four cases. Other organisms associated with pneumonia were typed asCorynebacterium pyogene, Pa$teure/la multocida and Pseudomonas pyocyanea.(iii)Abortions in sowsThere were 5 cases of abortions, one of which·revealed chlamydial organisms while other cases failed toreveal any organism of pathological significance.(iv)Non-conception and problem of repeat breeders in giltsA number of gilts failed to conceive and some of them even after repeat breeding. Uterine swabs from10 gilts, semen from 7 boars and material from 2 gilts (sacrificed) when examined bacteriologically andhistologically in case of material from sacrificed gilts faired to reveal any infectious organism of pathologicalimportance. The problem seemed to be other than pathological in nature.(v)Salt-poisoning in pigsBrain collecJed from an animal which had not undergone autolysis revealed diffuse perivascular cuffingby eosinophiles. pathognomonic of salt-poisoning. Besides, there was also gastroenteritis. Material fromother animals could not be collected as the carcasses were highly autolysed. The poisoning seemed to beprecipitated by scarcity of drinking water as the water channels leaking in the sheds.Laboratory ExaminationThe following external and internal specimens-from pigs'were examined :-External Internal TotalHistoo::lthologicClI Bacterial PMClsitic58 172 116 5 351Laboratory AnimalsThe following important diseases and problems were investigated in small laboratory animals :'_( i) Pneumonia in MicePneumonia was encountered in 160 cases.. Morbid material on histological examination revealed insome cases bronchopneumonia with peribronchial and perivascular cuffing by lymphocytes and plasma cells.In other cases multiple areas of suppurative pneumonia with necrosis of lung parenchyma were observed.Bacteriological examination revealed the presence of Mycoplasma sp., Pasteurella pneumotropica and Staphylococcusaureus. In two cases Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was isolated from diffuse consolidatedareas of one mice.

(ii) Salmonellosis in Mice44Lesions of salmonellosis were observed in 131 cases. Cases of salmonellosis have beeFl recorded every,year and necessary serotyping was got done during last few years.(iii)Candidiasis in MiceThree cases of candidiasis characterized by lesions of pyelonephritis were observed for the firs_t time andthe causative organism. Candida tropicalis was isolated from two cases.(iv)Mammary Neoplasma in MiceThree cases of mammary adenocarcinoma were recorded. Such cases have also been observed duringthe previous years. However, one case of mammary fibrosarcoma with periacinar fibroadenoma was observedfor the first time. . ,(v J Reticulum cell sarcoma in-MiceOne case of reticulum cell sarcoma was observed in a mouse. Or:! earlier occasions the tumour was seenin rats and not in mice.(vi)Parasitic cyst in the brain of a MouseAn interesting case of showing a parasitic cyst probably caused by a protozoan parasite was observed inthe brain of a mouse. The identity of the ,parasite couldl not be established. Efforts will be made for theidentification of the parasite.(\(ii) , Aflatoxicosis & Pseudotuberculosis in guine_a-pigsTne "m'ost important conditions e~cou·ntered were aflatoxicosis c;lnd pseudotuberculosis which occurredtogethdr in majority of cases. There were Vl(ide ar!'las of pericellular and -intercellular fibrosis in hepatic cel!s.In other areas there was nodular hyperplasia resulting from an attempt at regeneration superimposed by fattychanges. A few livers also revealed diffuse hyperplasia of bile ducts with their dilatation in some. 'Pa~te~/~haPs~udotlJberculosis was alse;> i~olated tror;n the cases. Aflatoxicosis was a carryover of the outbreaR of lastyear' and fasted tili the end of January, 1975. The f!'led. particularly the groundnut cake was found to be highlycorit~m'in'atetl with a'flatoxins. -The cha-~ge of feed avoiding contamination resulted in improvement and lowmortality 'in' subsequent p~ri9d.· '. . . '(viii) Coccidiosis in RabbitsCoccidiosis was the major cause of mortality in rabbits. Forty cases of coccidiosis were observed duringthe year out of which 39 were.Qf i,lJte,stin.al coccidiosis alld one of. hepatic coccidiosis'.Laboratory ExaminationExternalThe following external and internal specimens from small laboratory animals were examined.Internal~~~~-~~~~~Histopathological Bacteriological Parasitic403 184 38total632SWINESpeciesMiceRatsGuinea-pigsRabbits.No. of animals necropsiedTotal6422919569935-

45(c)Disease PatternThe following important disease conditions were encountered in small laboratory animals.SpeciesConditionsSpeciesConditionsMICEPneumoniaSalmonellosisBotryomycosisCandidiasisPseudotuberculosisMammary FibrosarcomaReticulum cell sarcomaThymic lymphosarcomaProtozoan (7) Cyst in brainRATSG·PIGSPneumoniaEnteritisAflatoxicosisPseudotuberculosisRABBITSI ntestinal CoccidiosisHepatic CoccidiosisPneumoniaPOULTRYTotal number of necropsyChickens necropsied, IVRI farmQuails necropsied, IVRI farmChickens necropsied various divisionChickens necropsied private farms15,37511,5223,556192105(b) Disease Pattern :( i) Age wise mortality0-4 weeks 4,8625-8 2,2389-1213-1617-2021-2424 week &above1,7044092633192,024(c) Mortality: The following disease conditions in chicks were diagnosed at post mortem.Ascaridiasis 242Aspergillosis 57CRD 369Coccidiosis 882Enteritis (including specific & non-specific) 887Egg peritonitis 271Hepatitis 123

46'_ymphoid teucosis280Marek's disease242Nephritis169Nephrosis530Omphalitis2067Fowl pox9Pneumonia1912Taeniasis17Vitamin A deficiency522Vitamin E deficiency (encephalomalacia) 81Visceral gout100Heat stroke35Rickets77Mechanical trauma430Seed tick infestation97Toxic hepatosis aS50ciated with ascites. 475'_'Among quails the main pathological conditions encountered were:Aspergillos isUlcerative enteritisNecrDtic enteritisEgg peritonitisNecrotic hepatitisLymphoid leucosisNephritisNephrosisOmphalitisPneumoniaVito A deficiencyVisceral goutMechanical trauma7332:566889615663127312521262Of VISION OF PARASITOLOGYThe hatchability of the eggs of Argas persicus (poultry tick) on being exposed to gamma rays at variouslevels declined with increased doses. The larvae emerging from eggs exposed to 100 and 200r did not feedon their normal host. The moulting of 1 st stage nymphs progressiv~IY declinE:d with increasing levels ofgamma radiation. The 2nd stage nymphs exposed to a dose of 5000r did not moult and at dose of 500, 700and 1000r the moulting period was significantly longer than that for the control group. The males and

47females emerging from the 2nd stage nymphs when exposed to 2 and 4 Kr gave rise to completely sterile malesand females. However, at lower doses of radiation the sterility was of lower degree when compared with thecontrol group. The males and females on exposure to a radiation dose of 1 Kr exhibited limited sterility andthe preoviposition and oviposition periods for females was prolonged.In Boophilus mic,oplus (cattle tick) the fecundity was seen to decline at gamma-ray exposures of 1 Krand higher.The longevity of the larvae was observed to decline by 15-19 days in case of Rhipicephalus sanguineus(dog tick) when irradiated with 500r and 800r of gamma rays. At exposures of 1 Kr and higher thelarvae did not moult but at 250r exposure there was no significant difference in moulting as compared to thatof the control group.The hatchability of the eggs of Hyalomma anato/icum anatolicum (cattle tick) was not effected significantlyat radiation doses of 400 and 800r but the longevity of the ensuing larvae was significantly less thanthat of the normal ones. With increasing doses of radiation there was corresponding decline in the moulting oflarvae. In case of nymphs 100% moulting was seen at 500r but at higher doses the percentage of moulting wasseen to decline.In perusation of immunological studies on sheep stomach worm (Haemonchus contortus) two lambswere infected orallv with viable infective larvae. These lambs became positive after 12 days and showedsubclinical and clinical signs of haemonchosis. Using these lambs as donors, numerous larval cultures wereset up under laboratorv conditions. At room temperature the maximum yield of 3rd stage infective larvae wasin October and November. The percentage recovery of the larvae from cultures prepared out of laid eggs washigher (700~) than that of the culture prepared from the eggs recovered from trituration of worm (49%). Thecrop was harvested from the cultures after 5 days of onset to 16th day and the maximum recovery of larvaewas on 8th day.The three groupe; of lambs each were respectively vaccinated with 4000 larvae irradiated at 40 Kr, 4000larvae irradiated at 50 Kr and 4000 larvae irradiated at 60 Kr. Two lambs from each group were examined,30 days after vaccination. to study the development of worms. The remaining immunized lambs and controlgroup lambs were challanged with 4000 normal larvae. each 35 days after vaccination. The results so farobtained indicate that a high percentage of larvae had developed in the unvaccinated (control) group as comparedto the vaccinated group.The \l\!orm burden and pathogenicity of Fasciola gigantica infection in rabbits was reduced when metacercariaeirradiated at 2 or 3 Kr were used for setting the infection. Irradiation of metacercariae at 4 Kr resultedin total absence of worm burden in infected rabbits. Irradiation of metacercariae at 4 Kr caused no rise ofantibody titre in the rabbit sera but at irradiation levels of 2 or 3 Kr an antibody titre was produced and thiswas comparable to titres produced by the normal cysts. The pathogenecity was comparatively severe in rabbitsinfected with normal cysts.The blood smears of some Corriedale Tams showed the presence of Theileria sp.the species indicated that the species involved was T. hirci.The pathogenecity ofThree of the 11 blood smears of buffaloes received for examination were found positive for Theileriasp. besides encountering a case of acute theileriasis in buffalo.The isolates of Theileria annulata from Agra. Meerut and Lucknow are being maintained in the bovinecalves and the tick vector and it has now been possible to grow infected lymphocytes in primary cultures for40 days.

48The cells from an infected lymphocytes cu Iture (35 days old) on inoculation into a calf' neither provokedfebrile reaction nor showed piroplasms in the peripheral circulation. However. the lymph nodes showed slightenlargement and the lymph node smears· revealed the presence of schizonts. This led to this conclusion thatschizonts lost their property to produce piroplasms when grown in cell culture for 35 days.The harvesting of infective particles of Theileria from the tick vector was also attempted and theoptimum concentration of the infective particle to infect calves was obtained in the stabilates prepared fromadult ticks that had earliest been fed for 4 and 5 days on rabbits.The cutivation of bovine lymphocytes experimentally infected with virulent and avirulent Theileriaannulata was attempted and the growth rate was found to be slow in case of virulent cultures.To assess the parasitic burden in cattle and buffalo 42 specific and 36 herd samples were examined.Of these, 2 samples were positive 'for 'Strongyle, 1 for Ascaris. 2 for Strongyloides and 20 for Coccidiosis. Thecoccidial infection was at subclinical 'level not warranting drastic treatment.In ,414 faecal samples of sheep, 56 were positive for Strongyles, 8 for Trichuris, 3 for Monezia. 140 forCoccidia, 1 for Strongyloides and 3 for larval nematodes. The quantitative faecal egg count of 84 samplesshowed that 23 samples were positive for Strongyloide, 14 for Trichuris, 59 for Coccidia and 12 for Strongyloides.None of these showed ciinical manifestations of helminthic burden but the symptoms of coccidiosiswere evident.The faecal samples of 115 pigs showed that 28 were positive for Trichuris, 32 for Strongyles. 12 forAscaris, 28 for Coccidia, 31 for Balantidial and 8 for mange.In all. 259 Pashmina goats were examined for the parasitic infection. The infection was in the followingorder-Strongyles 188; Trichuris 12; Coccidia 142 and lungworm larvae 2. The helminthic burden during theyear did not warrant any special attention. In all 38 goats were positive for mange and these weresuccessfully treated with Malathion.A close screening of sheep for lungworm infection in Garhwal hills was done. The disease was widespreadin the region and infection rate varied from 11 % in the plains to 46% in the hills. The most severe infectionwas seen in 6-12 months old animals. A total 1340 animals were included under the pilot study and 900animals were vaccinated with the radiation attenuated vaccine.The vaccine (1000 doses) was supplied to Bhutan and also to Arunachal Pradesh (300 doses). Studieson the "Shelf life" showed Dictyocaulus filaria larvae when stQred at 4°C retain their invasiveness upto 4weeks after radiation.fmmunological studies on lungworm showed that the first vaccine dose induced a poor response andthe second dose produced a variable pattern. No correlBtion was observed between the humoral response andthe ability of the lambs to withstand challenge infection. Various tests have shown that several precipitin linesappear in the sera of lambs infected with normal larvae. In sera from vaccinated lambs fewer bands wereobserved. There was evidence of sharing of antigens in egg, larvae, excretory and secretory products andthe whole worm extract. Studies on the cell adherence mechanism to the larval stages of the lungworm showedthat humoral factors are probably of insignificance in the development of immunity and it appears that the cellularfactors may be playing significantly greater role.The blood cells labelled with 51 -Cr were used to study the patho'-physiology of blood fluke (Schistosomaincognitum) infections. The blood volume, cell volume, faecal blood excretion and the half life of the red cellswas determined. An evidence of blood loss in the infected animals was also observed.

EPIDEMIOLOGYDiseases of Large AnimalsWork was continued on the research project viz. "Studies on the pattern of mortality in exotic vis-a-viscrossbred and indigenous cattle in some organized farms". The data collected from 15.532 crossbred cattlemaintained at Harringhatta Farm, West Bengal and rVRr Dairy, Izatnagar were included for processing andanalysi&. The processing comprised coding, punching, verifying and sorting of data, farm-wise, breed-wise, etc.The salient findings of the study are as follows :-( i) When the analysis were done irrespective of years, the findings were: 1. The overall crude mortalityrate (CMR) was 12.06%. 2. Among the various causes of death, the mortality due to disorders of thegastro-intestinal system accounted for a P.M.R. of 26.68%. The other major causes include debility,pneumonia, anaemia and septicaemia. 3. Among the different age groups the mortality in 0-30 daysgroups accounted for 34.85% of the total mortality.(ii) When the analysis were done yearwise in one Farm, the findings were: 1. The C.M.R. ranged from11.91% in 1972 to a maximum of 28.07% in 1973 on analysing the C.M.R. for 1970,1971,1972 and1973. 2. No definite conclusion could be drawn in respect of differences in sex-breed specific deathrates. although apparently the crossbred cattle of Holstein-Friesian and Hariana group showed the lowestdeath rates duing all the four years. 3. Age-specific death rates show that the death rate in 0-30 daysage group is the highest in all the four years. 4. Among ~he deaths in 0-30 days age group, deathswere more in 0-14 days and declined thereafter gradually.Communicable Disease SurveillanceWith a view to obtain baseline data on the prevalence and distribution of communicable animal diseasesof national importance, in the first instance, the information on the occurrence of five major diseases,namely rinderpest, haemorrhagic septicaemia, blackquarter, anthrax and foot and mouth disease reported inthe Contagious Diseases Bulletin of the Government of India was compiled. While the overall occurrenceof these diseases has been recorded for the past eleven years commencing from 1964, the reported data forthe past three years, 1971 to 1973 has been subjected to preliminary analysis to elucidate the pattern of theiroccurrence in different parts of the country.Haem")rrhagic Septicaemia (H.S.)The total affected cases reported ranged from J4153 in 1971 to 12496 in 1974. Keeping in view thetotal bovine population in the country (total cattle and buffaloes population in 19 reporting states and unionte r ritories-235,461.000). the overall incidence ranged from 15 cases per 100,000 in 1971, 8 in1972 and1973. and 6 in 1974.During all these years the incidence of haemorrhagic septicaemia was consistently higher than averageincidence for the entire country in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra. Goa, Karnataka and Tripura, consistentlylower than national average in Kerala, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh and was generallyaround the average for the country in Andhra Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana and West Bengal. In otherStates namely Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir, the reported incidence showedconsiderable year to year fluctuations.The analysis of monthwise distribution of reported cases of disease in different States for three years1971 to 1973 showed that while in almost all the States the disease occurs throughout the year, in most

1\ ,- r .~~1)\ t.:~\ 7 ~ 50\''', .1--).": ";; -._,.__, ~ .IStates the incidence is considerabl~'mghef~~rj~ the third quarter (July-September) which is the rainyseason in most parts of the country. ~n,·these·states, which include Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh,Gujrat etc., 50 to 90 percent of the cases occurred during these three months. In some States, for instance,Tamil Nadu and Kerala, the incidence of H.S. did not conform to the pattern of occurrence of this disease inrest of the country. In Tamil Nadu, 17 percent of, the cas~s occurred during the first quarter of the year, and16 percent, 22 percent and 45 percent occurred in 2nd, 3rd and 4th quarters respectively. In Kerala, 47percent of cases occurred during 1 st quarter and 9 percent, 12 percent and 30 percent respectively during 2nd,3rd and 4th quarters ..The meterological and other topographic data about different par~s of the country is being obtained,and the observed pattern of occurrence of H.S. and ot,her disease will be analysed in relation to these factors.Postgraduate, T~aching1. FirS1: Course in Epidemiology and Control of Animal DiseasesA three months course in Epidemiology and control of Animal Diseases was organised during Septemberto December 19:75. Sev.en participants from three State Animal Husbandry Departments (Andhra Pradesh,Assam and Jammu and Kashmir State) and three Agricultural Universities (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar and TamilNadu) attended. The teaching programme comprised lecture-discussions and practical exercises on all importanttopics related to fundamental and applied aspects of epidemiology and the control of important animaldisease, panel discussion on epidemiological topics of national importance, seminars by the participants onselected topics, projection of technical films for the parti~ipants, professional visits to certain research andteaching Institutes concerned with human and animal diseases and a few field visits. Six participants successfullycompleted the course.2. The Head, Division of Epidemiology and the Epidemiologist (Large Animals) delivered lectures andconducted practical classes for M.V.Sc. (Prev.) class and National Diploma Courses in certain topics assignedto them.Epidemiological ServiceThe information of the occurrence and distribution of various diseases such as foot and mouth disease,brucellosis etc. was supplied to the Animal Husbandry Commissioner (Govt. of India) and others who requestedfor it.DIVISION OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTSIt may be outlined at the outset that this Division was primarily and most of the time concerned withthe large scale production, testing and issue of veterinary biological products to the field. The particulars ofthe production of different biological products are enclosed in subsequent paragraphs. During the periodunder report the activities of the Division have been reQrgan!sed to build up the below mentioned functionalunits: (i) Bacterial Vaccine Unit; (ii) Virus Vaccine Unit; (iii) Diagnostic/Antigens/Reference Unit; (iv)Quality Control Unit; (v) Laboratory Animal Production Unit.The production and supply of veterinary biologicals was maintained at a satisfactory level in. 1975. Thetotal sale was to the tune of 16.69 million doses amounting to Rs. 18.68,341.10 p. The total sale proceedsamounted to Rs. 20.59,654.40 p., which was Significantly higher than in the year 1974. The total revenuereceipts amounted to Rs. 22,17,585.45 p. This is about Rs. 3 lacs more than the previous year.

With the improvement of facilities in respect of laboratory animal production, the activities in thisunit were·graded up and the production of laboratory animals for the supply to various laboratories of theinstitute and outside agencies was considerably more than the year 1974 and the activities were so organisedthat this unit could be self-supporting.In the year 1975, the training facilities in the field of biological products at this Division was strengthenedand expanded. The certificate course in the technique of large scale production of veterinary biologicalproducts was, up graded to the status of a National Diploma Course in Veterinary Biological Products of 9months duration for which 12 officers from different states joined. In addition there were two visiting scientistsfrom G.D.R., Dr. Fenseke and Dr. Le~poldt, who we;e interested in the large scale production of veterinarybiological products, antigens and diagnostics. Two students from Afghanistan under the UNDP project hadundergone training in the large scale production of veterinary biological products. Training facilities in thefield of Tissue Culture Rinderpest vaccine have also been strengthened.Studies on BP 1 inactivated anti-rabic vaccineLaboratory facilities were organised. The source of availability of BPL was actively investigated andbasic work on the BPL inactivated anti-rabic vaccine was carried out.Cell propagated rabies vaccineDuring the year efforts were concentrated to built up basic laboratory facilities for undertaking tissueculture work in respect of research and vaccine production.Studies on tissue culture swine fever vaccineIn Rabbits:O-day7th day14th day28th dayIn Pigs:o -day14th day28th day42nd day56th day70th day70th day84th dayHyperimmune serum was raised in rabbits and pigs by repeated inoculation of the lapinised virus asdetailed below:-I ml 1 % spleen suspension of the infected rabbits by I/V route.2 ml-do-3 ml-do-Rabbits were bled and serum pooled and stored in deep freeze.5 ml of virulent blood from infected pig by Sic route10 ml -do-25 ml -do-50 ml -do-100 ml of virulent blood from infected rabbits by IIV route.Blood collected serum pooled and stored in deep freeze.Pigs IJIJere reinfected with 100 ml of 1 % suspension of spleen from infected pigs.Blood collected and serum pooled and stored in deep freeze.Tagging of the serum with fluorescence isothiocynateThe hyperimmune serum from pig collected on 70th day was precipitatea with 50% saturated ammoniumSUlphate solu'ti~n. After' 3 cycles of the precipitation the protein concentration was adjusted to 1 % bydiluting. This' was tagged with the fluorescence dye and suspension was passed through sephadex-column. Theelute was absorbed with liver powder. It was centrifuged at 15,000 r.p.m. for 30 minutes. The solution wasfreeze dried in 0.5 ml quantities.

52Stability of Ranikhet disease vaccineAverage fall of the virus titre during freeze drying of the R.D. vaccine was found to range from 2.0 to2.5. On an average virus titre after freeze drying was found to be 7.5 to 8.5.There was no significant difference in virus titre of R.D.F. vaccines stored at -20°C for 240 to 622 days _OJafter freeze drying and 217 to 540 days after potency testing of the vaccine. Similarly there was no differencein virus titre in $amples of R.D. Vaccines stored at -20°C for 376 to 851 days and 126 to 791 days afterfreeze drying and potency testing respectively. It is evident from the results that both R.D. and R.D.F.vaccines after storing at - 20° for 622 and 851 days after freeze drying contained the virus titre above Log106.1 per ml i.e. the minimum prescribed standard for the R.D. virus vaccine. From these results it was concludedthat production programmes of these vaccines can be scheduled to built up the stock for nearly twoyears.Based on the minimum standard of virus titre of Log lo6.0/ml of the R.D.F. vaccines was found to bestable for 28 days at 37°C while at room temperature for more than 28 days tested so far.Production of cell culture Rinderpest vaccineDuring the year 19 batches of tissue culture rinderpest vaccine were produced comprising 80 lacs doses.63 lacs doses were tested and issued. Further production is in progress.BACTERIAL VACCINESH .S. adjuvant vaccine-improvent through aerationTwo small experimental batches of H.S. adjuvant vaccine were produced through aeration techniquesand the samJilles were sent to the Division of Standardisation for testing. It was reported that these batches ofvaccine were found to be fully potent. Further work is in progress. With the successful implementation of theaeration method, it is expected that the production both in respect of quality and quantity would be stepped up.Studies on multicomponent clostridial vaccineA target of 2.5 lakhs doses of multicomponent clostridial vaccine was envisaged during the period underreport, whereas a total of 3.04,450 doses of the vaccine were produced, tested for its aerobic, anaerobic, sterilityand potency tests in different media and animals.During this period, efforts were made to improve upon the technological part of the production of thisvaccine, by using the 40 litre capacity stainless steel t2lnks instead of 4 litre capacity Haffkin flasks, which isnot only easy and convenient but also economical.The media and methods for the production of anacultures of different antigenic components of thevaccine were the similar as has been reported last year. The modification was done in the process of concentrationof anacultures. The detoxified products were not centrifuged before and after precipitation with aluminiumchloride crystals. These were precipitated in tanks themselves by the addition of aluminium chloride crystalsAICla. 6H 2 0 to a final concentration of 1 % and pH adjusted to 6.0, after subjecting the products for aerobicand anaerobic sterility.The precipitation was carried out overnight at ream temperature, after which the supernatent· wassiphoned off and the precipitated product was washed twice witJ"l thiomosal saline. The siphoning of theproduct was done after each washing. The combination of the different antigenic components was formulatedby the procedure already described last year.

53After antigenic formulation fill ing of the vaccine was done by way of using the positive pressure so thatthe products could be siphoned in the large sterilised filling tank and then amber coloured bottles were filledwith vaccine. After filling, the vaccine was subjected to the following tests from the sample bottle.Aerobic sterility: It was conducted in the blood agar plates and after streaking blood agar plates theseare incubated for 72 hours at 37°C.Anaerobic sterility: Was conducted in RCM bottles instead of tubes.the bottles are incubated at 3rC for 72 hours.After inoculation of vaccine,Safety test: Eight batches of the vaccine were tested in a group of four healthy sheep, but from thetenth batch onward safety test was conducted in a group of four healthy guinea pigs and sheep, both. Thesheep were inoculated with 10 ml SIc of vaccine whereas guinea pig with 5 ml Sic and observed forseven days.Potency testing: Eight sheep each received two doses of 5 ml of vaccine Sic at an interval of 21 days andon 10th day of second inoculation the vaccinated sheep were bled for the collection of serum samples. Preinoculationand post-inoculation serum samples were subjected to the toxin-antitoxin neutralization test todetect the antitoxin response against each antigenic component of vaccine.It was found that the minimum basal requirement against each antigenic component has been achieved.The maximum antitoxin titres were to the tune of 5 I. U. of epsilon, 4 I. U. of beta and 4 I. U. of Clostridialsepticum and 10 I. U. of Clostridial oedematiens antitoxins, which is a very satisfactory and adequate titre forprotection against different clostridial infections.All the batches of vaccine were found sterile aerobically and anaerobically and found safe.LABORATORY ANIMAL PRODUCTIONGenetics studies in rabbits Maintenance in bred lines in miceStudies on the growth and reproduction in rabbits in relation to the nutritional studies was pursuedduring the year and the studies are in progress. Large number of mice, rats, guinea pigs and rabbits wereproduced and supplied.The production of biological products is as follows :-ProductsQuantity producedViral Vaccines:1. African Horse Sickness Vaccine2. Lapinised Swine Fever Vaccine3. Rinderpest Tissue Culture Vaccine4. Anti Rabic Vaccine (5% carbolised)5. Rabies Vaccine (CEO)6., Ranikhet Disease Vaccine7. Ranikhet Disease Vaccine F strain8. Fowl Pox Vaccine9. Fowl Spirochaectosis VaccineBacterial Vaccines:10. Enterotoxaemia Vac::ine11. Br. Abortus Strain 19 Vaccine12. Mixed Strepococci Vaccine31,7404,31325,74,5003,39,0907,69834,80,00035,03,00022,60,0003,5003,28,7005,6281,990dosesamp.dosesml.dosesamp.doses"

Products54Quantity produced13. Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia Vaccine 9.000 doses14. Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Adjuvant Vaccine 1,47,50015. Black Quarter Vaccine 6,14,10016. Anthrax Spore Vaccine 63,40017. Multi Component CI. Vaccine 2.25,450Diagnostic Agent18. Brucella Ab. Plain Antigen 80.250 mi.19. Brucella Ab. Coloured Antigen 6,760"20. Brucella Ab. Positive Antigen 306"21. Salmonella Pull arum Coloured Antigen 7,74022. Sal. Pullorum Plain Antigen 2,25023. Sal. Pullorum Antigen 16324. Sal. Ab. Equi H. Antigen 2.25025. Tuberculin Concentrated 39,000 doses26. Avian Tuberculin27. Mallein Subcutaneous28. Mallein I.D.P. 58.145 doses29. P.P.L.O. Antigen 835 ml.30. Healthy Calf Serum 1,450"Lab Animals1. Mice 22.391 18.1172. Rats 858 8583. Guinea Pigs 266 + 227 purchased 2294. Rabbits 942 + 256 963Statement showing the issue of Veterinary Biological products (w.eJ. 1.1.75 to31.12.75) for the calendar year 1975.-SI. No.Name of Product1. Black Quarter Vaccine2. Fowl Pox Vaccine (CEVL)3. R.D. Vaccine (L)4. Anthrax Spore Vaccineb. H.S. Adjuvant Vaccine6. Mixed Strepto. Vaccine7. Horse Sickness Vaccine8. Enterotoxaemia Vaccine9. Br. Abortus Col. Antigen10. Br. Abortus Plain Antigen11. Br. Abortus Positive Serum12. Br. Abortus Strain Vaccine13. Sal. Abortus Equi 'H' AntigenQuantitysupplied5.41,40017,71,10026.53,6001.38.4201,50,1002.19031,0003,30.8006,71092.7503165.6281,000dosesml.dosesml.

55SI. No. Name of Product14. Sal. Pull. Plain Antigen15. Salmonella Pull. Col. Antigen16. Salmonella Pull Positive Serum17. R.D. Vaccine 'F' Strain18. Swine Fever Vaccine19. F.D. Goat Tissue Vaccine20. F. D. Rinderpest Tissue Culture Vaccine21. Fowl Spirichaetosis Vaccine22. Tuberculin Concentrated23. C.C.P.P. Vaccine24. Avian Tuberculin25. Mallein Subcut26. Mallein I.D.P.27. Anti Rabic Vaccine 5% Carbo28. Rabies Vaccine (L) C.E.O.29. Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine (Poly.)30. Johnin31. Healthy Calf Serum32. P.P.L.O. Antigen33. M.C.C. Vaccine34. Sall.Abo. Equi VaccineQuantitysupplied2,2507,00010326,34,80027,3702,80079,42,18018,36480,3209.0004,29035754,4653.76.5007,59043,17444,9001,4501,1251,18,300ml.doses""""ml.dosesml."dosesStandardisation of Biological ProductsAntigen for C.F. test for the detection of rinderpest antibodies in the vaccinated animal was standardised.Preliminary studies showed that there was a positive correlation between the presence of H.I. antibodies andresistance to challenge infection with virulent rinderpest virus.Different samples of bacterial and viral vaccines received from States Drugs Controllers were testedand results communicated.Potency testing of Sal. abortus equi. vaccine was successfully tried in mice. Experiments were carriedout with mUltiple emulsion H.S. adjuvant vaccine to study its stability, potency in rabbits as well as in buffalocalves. Normal buffalo sera were tested for the presenc~ of hemolytic. conglutinating and bactericidalcomplement activities.During this period, twenty two Salmonella cultures received from various sources were serotyped. Singlefactor antisera against Salmonella were prepared and tested.All the bacterial cultures received from the Division of Bacteriology and Mycology are being maintained.Supplies of bacterial and viral cultures to various parts of the country were made as per the demand.Eight post-graduate scholars were engaged in their research studies. The Division also collaboratedwith other Divisions of the Institute on certain research projects.

56DIVISION OF VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTHEffect of ageing process on arterial system in bovinesThe studies carried out on 72 animals (55 cattle & 17 bufaloes) indicated that the spontaneous lesionsof fatty streak and spot (FSS) start developing during the first week of life and may be seen in any age group,in bovines. Twenty (16 cattle, 4 buffaloes) out of 72 animals had the lesion of FSS and in the majority ofthe cases the intimal surface involvement was not more than 1 to 5%. The lesions of intimal corrugationand wedge-shaped thickening on the posterior border of l.e.A. were seen in animals from one month onward.Parasitic lesions were seen in animals of 1 year age and above and intimal thickening and plaques wereobserved in animals of more than 3 years of age. Whereas in cattle only 7 aorta out of 55 had some minorlesions in their corresponding coronaries and or iliac arteries, the number of such cases in buffaloes wascomparatively much more i.e. 11 out of 17.Role of milk and milk products in the aetiology of diarrhoeaThe studies carried out on 80 cases of diarrhoea in infants gave an evidence of bacterial contaminationin 33 cases of bottle milk, 7 cases of mother's milk and five cases of water. The nasal mucosa of the mothersof 25 cases was infected and this might have played some role in contaminating the food and water of theinfants. The other possibility of mother's nose getting infected from the infant's stool also cannot be ruledout.Studies on Pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) among human patientsDuring the period under report 184 serum samples from cases of PUO, attending different hospitals atBareilly, Kanpur and Agra were screened for the presence of antibodies against 9 different antigens. Outof these 11 (6%) ~amples were positive for Brucella, 30 (16.3%) for Q-fever, 1 (0.1 %) for S. lyphimurium,10 (5.4%) for S. typhosa, 9 (5.0%) for S. paratyphi. A,4 (2.1%) for S. paratyphi, Band 42 (22.8%) for E.coli, and none for listeria, S. dublin and S. choleri suis. The remaining 78 samples (42.4%) were negativeto all the 9 antigens mentioned above.Samples of ascitic fluid. pleural and cerebrospinal fluids from the PUO cases were put to detailed bacteriologicalexamination. In addition to the other organism the important isolation was that of Listeria monocytogenesfrom the cerebrospinal fluid. T~e isolates were tested for their antibiotic sensitivity pattern andrational treatment and were found to posses multiple drug resistance against 3 to 6 drugs.Studies on Rickettsial ZoonosisStudies on Rickettsial zoonosis were carried out with a view to study the epidemiology of the disease.Medical authorities of various hospitals in the city 01 Bareilly were contacted. A total of 200 sera sampleswere collected from patients with a history of rise of body temperature and animal contact directly or indirectly.Forty five serum samples from apparently healthy human beings were also examined. A total of 18 serumsamples out of 93 tested proved to be positive. Five batches of Q-fever coloured antigen were also preparedusing 5-6 old embryonated chicken eggs.Studies on meat and meat products with special reference to public health aspectsStudies were undertaken with a view to determine the microbiological quality of meat and meatproducts meant for hUman consumption with speCial reference to ·public health aspects. The microbiologicalstudies included the total bacterial load of fresh meat, the prevalence of specific organisms responsible formeat borne infections and intoxications and the microbiological quality of the chicken meat stored under deepfreeze conditions for varying periods of time.

57The studies showed that organisms encountered were species of Achromobacter, Staphylococci,Micrococci and Pseudomonas in order of decreasing frequency. Sulphite reducing clostridia were isolatedfrom 165 meat samples out of a total of 240 tested.Studies on the enterotoxigenicity of staphylococcal isolates are in progress.EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE & SURGERY DIVISIONFundamental purpose/objectives of this division are basically different from clinical medicine and surgerybeing offered in various veterinary institutions in India. E.M.S. is basically a center of perfection of methodsapplied in the diagnosis and treatment of clinical conditions. Besides this with an increasing demands of modernclinical research in different disciplines like physiology, pharmacology. pathology, parasitology, biochemistry,animal nutrition, animal genetics and reproduction, experimental animal model with surgical preparations havebecome pre-requisites.Till now about 250 experimental surgical models were supplied to other divisions creating fistulationof rumen, caecum, abomasal, duodenal cannulation, biopsies, splenectomies etc. with increasing demand ofproductive animals as a result of intensive cattle breeding practices to augment meat and milk production forthe better nutrition to million of our population it makes imperative that latest and best veterinary aid shouldbe made available. This prompts to develep knowhow of latest technology in these disciplines of veterinaryservices rendered in economical development of our country.To start with, the division is being organized and few research projects for asic studies and productionoriented problems are in process of initiating.Zygote transfer for genetic improvement and increasing production in cattleTransfer of fertilised ovum has been ,recommended as a method of genetic improvement in attle (Bakereta11973; Bennett & Rowson 1961; Hunter eta/1955). Technique provides a faster way of achievingpurebred stock than conventional grading up programme; moreover, it allows to make better use of genetincallysuperior female. Cattle sterility is one of the common conditions inducting tremendous economic lossto the nation. Transplantation of zygote will answer many of the problems where repeaters are due tomalformat\on of fallopian tubes, subclinical affections of fallopian tubes, obstruction where migration ofova is obstructed to reach for fertilization.A study on the effect of partial castration on growth rates and meat quality (kids/Iambs)Augmentation of growth rate and improvement of quality of meat in meat producing animals.To study partial castration as a means of increasing the productivity of livestock for meat, while retainingthe hormonal function of the body inhibiting the spermatogenesis and its effects on the temperamentof the animals. The trials will also help to evaluate the carcass yield, quality of meat, development of ossioussystem, growth rate when compared to the standard procedures of castration i. e. burdizo (crushing of thespermatic cord), removal of scrotum by open castration and vasectomy.Duodenal re-entrant canulation to study increased digestibility productionThe main component of the suggested procedure is the fistulation method with exteriorization andouter anastomosis, which allows us to observe digestive and metabolic functions of the gastrointestinal tractand to follow the "fate" of nutrients in the stomach and in the small and large intestines, taking intoconsideration the general assimilation and utilization of nutrients. The procedure is performed by surgicallyseparating the gastrointestinal tra_ct in a certain place in order to obtain the outer anastomosis and so asto be able to observe nutritional processes to accumulate important physiological and bio-chemical data.

58The application of these procedures will help: (a) to study several new specific physiological regularitiesassociated with age, (b) to observe and outline the metabolic functions of the gastrointestinal tractunder various trials of experimentation. (c) to provide increased productivity by surgical intervention. (d)bipass of duodonum has been postulated to reduce fat metabolism, assimilation of fat and adiposity. Theresults of trials may enabre us to evolve a technic to minimize cardiovascular diseases associated withatheselesion and adiposity.The Divisional activities during year 1975 related to health coverage programme and applied operatedresearch are given below:Surgical models for applies research and operations undertaken to save the valuable animals ofdifferent divisionOPERATIONPhysiology & Pharmacology DivisionSpleenectomyRumen fistulaVasectomyCaesarotomy6321]12Animal Genetics DivisionVasectomyCaesarotomy (Sheep)Hernia operationCastrationParasitology DivisionSplenectomyAnimal Nutrition DivisionRumen fistulationFarm Animal Genetics SectionHernia operationCaesarotomy (Cow)Pathology & P. L. 480LymphadectomyTotal Experimental Surgery:Surgical operation:Total: 36 + 35 71.42328J6J3110 = 1015 ) 1541152 ) = 212 +6+15+1 +2 3631 + 4 = 35ANIMAL GENETICSStudies on effect of rates and levels of inbreeding on incroSs performance in Tribolium castaneumFrom four random bred stocks of Tribolium a single base population was synthesized andfor 3 generations to get the genetic equilibrium. The experiment is in progress.bred

59Genetical studies including polymegalyof spermatozoan nucleus length and tail length in DrosophilaspeciesThis project was initiated with the main object to study polymorphism (polymegaly) in spermatozoalnucleus length, total length/tail length and to carry out other genetics studies on Drosophila species usingvarious stock work was initiated.A simultaneous approach to quantitative and qualitative variation in farm animal research usingimmunogenetic, biochemical genetics and statistical techniquesa) Studies on blood groups and biochemical polymorphism in Indian cattle and their crossbreds.Work was continued on the possibility of utilising various blood group proteins and r~d cell antigensfor assessment of genetic change that may come about under various system of cross breeding beingexperimented, within this country. 721 blood samples, 300 from crosses of Hariana with Jersey, BrownSwiss and Holstein from Izatnagar. 106 Red Sindhi from DLB farm, 110 Ongole from APAU farm and 205Kankrej from GAU farm were typed for haemoglobin, transferrin, albumin, amylase, ceruloplasmin andalkaline phosphatase polymorphism systems. In addition 251 milk samples from 4 Indian breeds were typedfor Beta lactoglobulins and Beta casein polymorphism.b) Role of Organic constituents in Animal Production and Reproduction.Similar studies were also ca'rried out, estimating serum cholesterol sodium, potassium constituents ofblood. It was observed that cholesterol concentration was higher in crossbred than in two pure breeds.Studies on blood groups and biochemical polymorphism in Indian sheepThe relationship of haemoglobin and transferrin types with growth was examined up to weaning stage.In the case of cross of Dorset and Suffolk with Muzaffarnagri, it was observed that the animals withtransferrin type AB were growing faster than animals with other transferrin types. Transferrin type BD wasnext in rank.Standardisation of Karyotypic techniques for cattleVarious technological features pertaining to the suspension cultures of bovine lymphocytes and subsequentKaryotyping procedure were presented in the annual report of 1974. Peripheral blood samplesobtained from fifteen repeat breeding cows belonging to Hariana, Brown Swiss, Jersey and Holstein-Friesiancrossbred groups were studied in order to find whether the condition could be due to chromosomal aberrations.Microsc.opic examination revealed no chromosomal abnormalities in the aforesaid repeat breeders.Chromosomal work on buffaloes has almost been completed.Studies on changes in the gene frequency and its variance of an autosomal alleles 'B' (Black bodycolour) in Tribolium castaneum under random and circular mating systems and associated changesin body weightThe experiment was designed to introduce difference in the effective population size through systems ofmating (a) Random mating (i) equal number of sexes (RES), (ii) Unequal no. of sexes (RUS) and (iii)fixed 20° and 80° (RDS) and (b) circular mating. The number of breeding individuals was kept constant.A priory theoretical expectation with respect to effective population. Size (Ne) in the four matingsystems would then be (a) NeC NER NER NED where subscripts C, R' and D refer to circular, RES, ~USand RDS mating systems respectively. (b) The change in gene frequency in one generation under randommating would be a26q (a26q = Po qo/2Ne) A2 regression of a26q against generation should be then beof the order of a26q CLa 2 L:'Q R La 2 [',q R' La26qD, in the four mating systems. lhe basic assumptionin this is that order of genetic drift will be noticed only in the absence of other forces changing genefrequency viz. mutation, selection and migration.

60Gene frequency showed a continuos decline under RUS system while under circular there was a declineup to 4th generation followed by a steady state up to 7th generation, the last two generations showed slightincrease in frequency of b gene. There was a steady decline in RES upto 4th generation followed by a steadystate. The RDS system showed a very irregular trend. These results do not bear out the theoretical basisoutlined so far on population size. Contrary to theoretical expectations, in this experiment, a large decline inthe frequency of bb genotype was obtained in the very first generation. It was seen that heterozygotes werefewer than expected. This should result perhaps from the operation of natural section against b gene.The weight of pupa was also recorded simultaneously. A change in mean and variance of pupa weightwith the change in gene frequency of black gene would indicate a linkage of genes for body weight with blackbody colour gene. No change in pupa weight was observed with a change in the gene frequency of b gene northe variance of pupa weight showed any association with the expected variance based on two allele case.These findings suggest that the pupa weight has no association with body colour gene.Genetic analysis of buffalo herdsOverall economy of milk production and total lactational milk yield of buffalo is influenced to a majordegree by peak and persistency of production. To develop a scheme to increase overall economic milkproduction due consideration has to be given to three traits of production viz., maximum initial production(Peak), persistency; with which such yield is maintained and the lactation length. These traits are affected toa large degree by many sources of variation other than genetic viz., (farm, order of lactation and year ofcalving). The information on this aspect is limited, whenever it has been attempted only one factor hasbeen considered at a time and most investigators have not examined the effect of all sources of variation. Inthe present investigation the following parameters were included for a detailed examination.(A)Ascending phase of the lactation curve1. ( i) Duration (Peak week)(ii) Maximum yield (Peak yield)(iii) Yield upto peak week(iv)Average yield up to peek week2. Descending phase of the lactation curve( i) Yield after peak(ii) Average post peak yield3. ( i) Total lactation yield(ii) Average daily yield(8) In order to estimate the major component of the lactation curve-persistency, a number of methodsare available. All the important methods of calculating persistency were utilized to estimate the parameter. thefollowing methods were used.Method 1. Ludwick and Peterson (1943). Lactation period of each animal was divided into 2,4 and11 weekly intervals and the persistency was calculated. Using this approach three values (PI' P 2 and P a ) ofpersistency were calculated from each individual lactation.Method 2.Mahadeven (1951). The persistency (P 4 ) was calculated as follows:­A -BBwhere (A) was the yield during the first 26 weeks yield and (b)'was the milk yield up to peak.

Method 3. (Anakawiang 1965). The persistency (P~) was calculated as farrows :-a -bbwhere (a) was the total yield in 398 days (b) the milk yieid up to peak.Method 4. (Johansson and Hansson, 1940)61In this method the lactation period of each animal was divided into periods of 14 weeks and the ratiosbetween the milk yields in different periods were measured as follows :-Method 5.Milk yield from 15th to 28th weekM ilk yield from 1 st to 14th weekMilk yield from 29th to 42nd weekMilk yield from 1 st to 14th weekThe P s was calculated as the ratio between the average daily yield till peak and the average dailyyield in the remaining part of the lactation.The data on 448 lactation records of Indian buffaloes maintained at 4 Military Dairy Farms viz.,Lucknow, Ambala, Jhansi and Jabalpur was used for this study. The records were spread over 6 years(1966-71). First six complete lactation records were considered in detail. For estimating the components ofthe lactation curve, records of animals which gave milk upto 44 weeks atleast were utilized. Sixteen parameterswere estimated for each lactation at each farm.Genetic analysis of exotic ~attle herdsUnder the project during the year 1975, data on (i) Red-Dane cattle from Indo-Danish project,Hessarghata, (ii) Holstein-Friesians at Neli Buffalo Breeding Farm, Nabha and Composite Livestock-Farm &Research Station, Hessarghata, (iii) Jerseys at Srinagar Farm (J&K) were collected. Values for various availablereproductive and productive traits were calculated and data were transferred on I BM sheets for further analysis.Influence of temperature 10° and 40°C on the body temperature of imported strains of Whiteleghorn cocksThis experiment was completed and data analysed when Dr. D. P. Mukherjee was working at theJawaharlal Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur. During the period under report the paper was written by him.The result of the experiment are summarised below :-The rectal temperature of six strains of White Leghorn cocks at 10° and 40°C were investigated in aspecial environment controlled chamber devised by Narayan and Mukherjee (1974). Significant straindifferences were found at 10°C but not at 40°C. In three out of six strains pronounced differences betweenthe repeatability estimates of body temperature of cocks at 10°C and 40°C were found. Field recordshowed that hens of the three strains with pronounced differences grew faster, laid more eggs, consumed lessfeed/12 eggs and had a higher mortality rate compared to the three strains in which pronounced differencesin repeatability estimates did not exist.ANIMAL REPRODUCTION DIVISIONThe Division started functioning as a new Division of Animal Reproduction under the Fifth Five YearPlan from 1 st August 1975 with the transfer of Gynaecology Laboratory, Artificial Insemination Laboratory,Field A.1. Station, Izatnagar and post-graduate teaching wing of the Animal Gynaecology to this Division.

ANIMAL GYNAECOLOGY62Studies on sub-fertility and infertility in BovinesStudies on anoestrum in rural cattle and buffaloes were continued during the year as envisaged.Visits were paid to sterility camps (sexual health control camps) at different places. In all about 1250animals including heifers, cows, buffalo-heifers and buffalo cows were clinically gynaecologically investigated.Data pertaining to different aspects of anoestrum are not yet analysed but indications are thatabout 45-50 percent animals of different categories showed true anoestrus conditions. During the investigationsthe following facts were revealed :-1. Animals had corpus luteum but the owners were unaware of heats in their animals. The heats wereeither silent, of weak intensity or observations were missed.2. Some animals were in early pregnancy without the owner's knowledge of the heat manifestation andnatural services by the bulls. It was possible to detect pregnancy as early as 24 days during the clinicalwork. These pregnancies were confirmed in later investigation.3. Animals were found with weak heat symptoms and a few of them were treated with small doses ofstilboestrol (3-5 mg). It was found that intensity of heat was increased and the duration of oestrus prolon­.ged.Further observations are in progress.4. During investigations small percentage of animals were observed in oestrus and were inseminated.It was found that animals with weak general condition specially heifers had true anoestrous ovaries.Cows and buffalo cows which were dry after last calving also exhibited true anoestrous condition. The,farmers were advised to watch the oestrus during lactation as it has been found that the hormonal playrapidly changes and the ovaries become inactive when the animals go dry.ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATIONStudy on freezability and fertilizing ability of bull and buffalo spermatozoaA standard technique has been devised with success in freezing of bull semen but there is a great~cope to fUrther suitably modify this for successful freezing of buffalo semen, and attempts have been madeto evolve a suitable method. Some success has been achieved. The work will be intensified during 1976.The freezability of 22 semen samples obiained from four buffalo bulls was studied in a standard Eyediluent. The revivability of spermatozoa has been extremely poor as evident from the revival rate of 10to 20 percent live spermatozoa The progress made so far has been slow partly due to non-availabilityof materials and irregular supply of liquid nitrogen but efforts are being intensified to overcome thesedifficulties. I n addition to above, 300 doses of Holstein-Friesian, 200 doses of Jersey and 400 doses ofSahiwal frozen semen are available in stock for use in Operational Research Project areas.A total of 300 cows have been inseminated so far with frozen semen and the work is in progress.The follow up programme for pregnancy diagnosis is being pursued.Operational Research Project on Livestock ProductionThe study was undertal

63DIVISION OF ANIMAL NUTRITIONThe research projects in the Division have been classified in five broad categories. The first is theFeed Processing and Technology Section under which work has been conducted on the alkali treatmentof neem seed cake and it \(\fas found that alkali treated neem seed cake was palatable but reduced growthrate in calves. Urea and molasses impregnated wheat straw and paddy straw bales were sucessfullyprepared with a hand operated baling press, which were quite palatable to calves and did not deteriorateon storage for one year. Poultry excreta ensiled with chaffed green fodder and molasses yielded a silagewhich was palatc:ble to calves after a short adaptation period and it was shown that the recycling oforganic waste from poultry excreta is feasible. Petro-proteins prepared from petroleum hydrocarbons wasalso fed to sheep to study its nutritive value and the work is in progress.The second broad project is on cattle and buffalo nutrition wherein growth performance of crossbredcalves on various feeding standards have been studied and it has been shown that three standards of feeding(1) Sen and Ray (1964). (2) N. R. C. (1966) and (3) N. R. C. (1971) did not cause any significant differencein their growth rate and therefore the most economical i,e. NRC. (1971) could be used for Scientific andbalanced feeding of calves. Studies on trace element survey in the feeds and fodders of Jammu and KashmirState showed that 93% of the samples were deficient in zinc, 25% in copper and 17% in manganese, butiron was adequate in all samples. In a survey of the Terai area, 150 samples of soil showed their zinccontent to range from 0.8 to 6.45 f,Lg/g. The fodder samples in the Telai area showed that 31% weredeficient in copper. 62% in zinc and 66% in manganese, but iron was adequate. In a survey of Bijnoreand Moradabad districts with regard to the haemoglobin content af animals in Govt. Agricultural Dairyfarm, it was found that majority of animals had low Hb content. Effects of replacing 10% of rice branin the concentrate mixture of milch cows by an equal amount of Sal seed meal was studied in milch cowsand no adverse effect on nutrient utilization for milk production or health of cows was observed. An experimenthas also been conducted to determine the energy and protein requirements of growing cross - bredheifers and is in progress.The third project is on sheep and goat nutrition. Growth rate and carcass evaluation of MuzzafarnagriX Dorset Horn (M x D) and Muzzafarnagri X Suffolk (M X S) lambs was studied on a ration containing50 : 50 roughage concentrate ratio. The feed efficiency in the M X D breed was 7.29 ± 0.68 and inM x S breed 9.38 X 1.77 which was not statistically significant. Dressing percentage in the two breedswas also similar at 55%. The body composition, however, showed significantly higher moisture andprotein content and significantly lower fat content in M X D breed as compared to M X S breed. TheDivision's collaboration was given in the project on the use of Biostimulator in Animal Production carriedout in Physiology and Pharmacology Division. The fourth project is on pigs and Laboratory AnimalNutrition, which has been carried out in collaboration with the Project on Livestock Production Researchon pigs and the details are g'iven in that Project's report.The fifth project is on Rumen Digestion and Metabolism. Total volatile fatty acid production rateswere measured by single injection isotope dilution technique in seven buffalo calves fed green maizewhich ranged from 7.64 to 10.07 moles per day per kg digestible organic matter. Microbial proteinsynthesis rate was measured by using 0 4 and S35 radio isotopes by means of which production rate ofbacteria was found to be 91.96±4.40 mg/min per unit weight of Diaminopimelic acid (DAPA). By theuse of C14-labelled Streptococcus bovis it was found 87.43 mg/min. and the turnover time was foundto be 424.54 min. Protection of dietary proteins by 5% formaldehyde tried on mustard cake showedthat it significantly increased the nitrogen balance especially by reducing the nitrogen excretion throughurine indicating better utilization. A study was conducted on the characteristics of a few strains of Ruminococcussp, isolated from buffalo rumen and it was found that the TVFA concentration on 30 th day of

64incubation by using filter paper, carboxymethyl cellulose and cotton cellulose as substract was 31, 29 and17 mMflitre respectively while the true bacterial protein on 15th day of incubation was 10.31, 9.37 and6.87 mg/100 ml. respectively. The sugar concentration produced in the medium due to cellulose breakdownwas highest at 90,ug!ml in the case of carboxymethyl cellulose after 15 days ot incubation. In amedium inoculated with cell free broth, it was found that the effect of enzyme on carboxymethyl cellulosein terms of sugar concentration from 25 min. to 250 min. was a continuous increase from 20 kg to200 per ml of the medium. Incorporation of labelled amino acids into muscle proteins was studied intwo groups of kids fed either an all roughage diet ar a concentrate-roughage diet to assess their carcasscharacteristics. It was found that 1.3 ± 0.17% of the injected dose of the isotope C14 tyrosine wasincorporated in the concentrate-roughage group as compared to 1.0±O.09% in the all-hay group whichwas in accordance with the trend of separable muscle tissue. lean meat, dressing percentage and muscleto bone ratio in the two groups. It was concluded that this technique can be used to evaluate rationfor meat production. Proteolytic activity in rumen micro-organisms of buffalo and cattle was studiedand it was found that the proteolytic activity of the cattle rumen liquor was relatively higher than thebuffalo. Likewise differences have been recorded in the two species in respect of cellulose activity {avicelase,CH-cellulase and beta-glucosidase} and amylase activity (a and (3) which were all higher in cattle than buffalorumen liquor despite similar total protein per mg DNA, total DNA per mg. protein and total DNA in the cellfree extract (CFE) of rumen liquor of the two species.The sixth category of the projects is that of students for M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees. There were 7students for M.V.Sc. and 10 for Ph.D. working during the year. ,IntroductionPOULTRY RESEARCHAs in the previous three years the Poultry Breeding Project on Egg and Meat made significant progressin attaining the targets laid in the meat project and in making a significant headway in the Egg Project. Ourcrossbred broiler strain has been entered in the Random Sample Test at Bangalore and it is hoped, on thebasis of its earlier performance here, that it will come out as one of the successful entries.In the area of poultry nutrition we have determined that processed poultry droppings from caged layerscould safely be included in layer rations upto 15% in the diet without affecting the level of egg production,egg quality, the shelf life of eggs or the health of the layers.A new sliming solution, intended to increase the shelf life of the poultry meat at room temperature hasbeen developed and tested in the poultry technology laboratory of this division and our preliminary findingswith this solution are highly encouraging.In the area of poultry science education, this division continued to be a great attraction. The admissionsfor the M.V.Sc. (Poultry Science) continue to be highly competative and the Ph.D. programme offered by thedivision is greatly sought after. There is a waning in the popularity of the National Diploma in PoultryHusbandry but this is understandable in view of the abundance of M.V.Sc. (Poultry Science) degree holdersin various states of the Indian Union. In addition to the above p'rogramme a nominee of the Somalia Govt.is undergoing a 9-month training in different aspects of poultry production under a UNDP fellowship in thisdivision.Also under the aegies of the UNDP-ICAR, the year saw some eminent scientists participating in theteaching and research programme of the division. These included Dr. F.H. Kratzer, Prof. of Avian Sciences,

65University of California, Davis, Calif., U.S.A. (Oct. 1974-Jan. 1975); Dr. K. Tanaka, Associate Prof. of AvianPhysiology, University of Gifu, Gifu, Japan (Jan. 1975-Mar. 1975) and Dr. Pran Vohra, Prof. of PoultryNutrition, University of California, Davis, Calif., U.S.A. (Jan. 1975 to Feb. 1975).National and International CollaborationsThe Centre of Excellence for Poultry Science Education and Production, operating in the PoultryResearch Division is a collaborative project, under the aegies of the United National Development Programmeand the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. Under this programme a comprehensive post-graduateprogramme for Masters, Doctoral and Post-Doctoral studies was started in 1971 and many national seminarsand symposia were conducted on many specialized areas of poultry science such as Poultry Genetics andBreeding, Poultry Nutrition Feeding and Feed Processing, Poultry Products Technology and Marketing, AvianDiseases and their control, Poultry Physiology, Housing and Management and Poultry Science Education andExtension. This programme has successfully entered the II phase of operation with additional funding andexpert service.Con'ferences and symposia he\d during the year( i) A National Seminar on Poultry Science Education and Extension was organized in the Divisionduring Oct., 16-19,1975 under the auspices of the UNDP in collaboration with the ICAR.(ii) A mini· workshop on the All India Coordinated Research Project on Poultry for Egg and Meat washeld in the Poultry Research Division during January, 1975 to review the progress of work of different centresof the Project to lay down the technical programme for the project for 1975.Research ActivitiesIn the Po_ultry for Meat Project in addition to pedigree breeding of IC2. IC3. IR2 and IR3 strains, testmating programme was also carried out in the fashion of a 4x4 diallel involving IC2, IC3. IR2 and IRI strains.Data were collected utilizing two shifts of males and females. It Was observed that mean values for bodyweights were significantly higher in males than the corresponding values in females. Differences betweenthe strains were significant for body weight at various ages with different genetic groups behaving differentlyin different shifts. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genetic groups for bodyweight at all ages of measurement. Highest body weight at ten weeks of age was recorded for crossesinvolving IR2. IC2 ~nd IC3 strains. The regression coefficients calculated as cumulative body weightgain in grams in age in days were significant for all the genetic groups and varied from 14.6 to 27.3 inpurebreds and 16.3 to 28.5 in crossbreds. In general crossbreds had higher general growth rate than inpurebreds. Varying degrees of heterosis was manifested for body weights in the various crossbred groups.The reciprocal crosses however differed in the degree of manifestation of heterosis for body weights.Apparently crossbreds had better feed efficiency and lower percentage mortality upto 10 weeks of agebut statistically no significant difference was recorded between the various genetic groups for these traits.Overall consideration of these results would suggest that among the available strains IR2, IC2 and IC3could be of better avail for production of commercial crossbred chicks and breed cross would be a better meanof achieving this than the strain cross. Further it suggested that Cornish lines can best be utilized as male linesand Rock as female lines.Performance of three way and four way crosses when compared with the average performance of constituenttwo way crosses it was observed that three way and four way crosses were consistently superiorthan the average performance of their constituent two way crosses for eigth and ten week body weights anddressed weight percentage.

66In the Poultry for Egg Project IWG, IWH, IWI and IWJ strains were selected on the basis of an index forincreasing egg production utilizing information on individual production and sire and dam family averages,20 week and 40 week body weight, age at first egg, egg weight and egg mass were also recorded. Theproduction performance of the various strains varied from 66% to 70% for egg production upto 280 days ofage. Egg mass of 3494 gm was recorded in IWJ strain followed by IWI (3272 gm), IWG (3203 gm) and IWH(3202 gm). The age at first egg ranged from 191 to 201 days in the various strains. Single crosses involvingthese strains were also made during 1975. The four best crosses identified were IJ, WJ, GJ and J H whoseaverage rate of lay was above 80% upto 280 days of age. The rate of lay for the various crossbred groupshowever varied from 69.5% to 81.1 %.Results from a 2 X 2 diallel involving G and J strains revealed significant general combining abilityeffects for all the traits. Variance due to specific combining ability was significant for egg production, 20week body weight and egg weight but not for age at first egg and 40 week body weight. Genetic variancewas comparatively higher in purebreds as compared to crossbreds. Genetic correlations between purebredand crossbred paternal half·sisters although positive were low in magnitude.Research work in the area of poultry nutrition was directed towards developing substitute feeding stuffsfor economising feed costs; recycling of poultry wastes for feeding to poultry; and developing rapid tests fordetermining the protein quality of feeding stuffs.Work on substitute feeding stuffs was primarily on hitherto unused feedstuffs and emerging byproducts.These included the use of sunflower seed meal (cakeL and further investigations on the factors limiting theutilization of mustard oil cake. Experiments with sunflower oil cake indicated that the cake could be includedin egg type starter, grower and layer rations replacing totally the groundnut cake in the respective controldiets. The ME content of the cake was determined to be 2230 Kcal/Kg for the expeller cake and the proteinquality was as good as that of groundnut cake.Mustard oil cake had been found to partially replace groundnut cake in our earlier studies. Investigationson the identifications of factors responsible for the limitation in the utilization of the nutrients in the cakeare underway this year. The information available so far rndicates that both the hydrolyzable and nonhydro­Iyzable (fixed) tannic acid components such as gallic acid, pyrogallol and pyrocatechol may be incriminatedin the process and their quantification and their interaction with the nutrients of the diet are yet to be determined.The differential fatty acid analysis of the oil or cake did not point out to any abnormal picture butfor an exhorbitant value for the poly unsaturated fatty acid, urecic acid. The significance of this finding is alsoto be examined. The metabolizable energy content of the cake for laying type birds is found to be 3017Kcal/Kg.In the area of poultry waste recycling it was found that dried and autoclaved poultry mannure couldbe included in broiler or starter rations upto 15% replacing an equal quantity of cereals on an isocaloric basis.The metabolizable energy content of the material (without litter) was fonud to be 790 KcaljKg. Experimentswith laying hens were conducted with rations containing dried poultry litter at 5, 10, 15 and 20% in the rations.The results indicated that DPM could be included upto 15% without affecting egg production or feed requiredper dozen eggs. The higher level (20%) however, caused a depression in egg production and in feedefficiency. Work carried out on some of the rapid tests for determining the protein quality showed that the invitro available lysine could be used as an accurate index of in vivo quality in the animal protein sources but themethod has limitations when applied to vegetable protein ingredients.Poultry Products Technology and MarketingIn the area of new product development a new sliming solution has been developed and tested forpreservation of meat at room temperature. Besides, the method for'egg pickling, particularly for quail egg has

67been perfected which helps in extending the shelf life of e~HJ$further, the evaluation of the quality characteristicsof quail 'eggs has been conducted extensively.Avian PhysiologyThe physiological norms of the new experimental subject, the Japanese quail, are being worked out.Much valuable data had been collected and more is being worked out in this regard.PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGYIn Animal Climatology Laboratory, investigations on the upper critical temperature of Hariana and its Flcrosses with Holstein Friesian, Brown Swiss and Jersey were completed. The experimental animals wereexposed to different thermal environments for adequate duration and their ability to withstand heat stress wasassessed from cardinal physiological responses, thyroid status, energy metabolism, water metabolism andhaematology. The upper critical temperature of the zone of thermoneutrality in Brown Swiss and Holsteincrosses appears to be lower in comparison to Jersey crosses. The upper critical temperature of the Harianaanimals was the highest.I n the Rumen Physiology Laboratory, a feeding trial was conducted with 20 Black Bengal kids to studythe effect of injecting different doses of biostimulators prepared from buffalo spleen (slaughter house byproduct)on the growth rate, energy metabolism and. endocrine status. In this study body weight gains,feed intake, oxygen consumption; thyroid status (P_ 131 resin uptake) and 17 ketosteroids in urine have beendetermined. Analysis of the data is in progress.In the Endocrinology Laboratory a synthetic progestogen (MGA) was used in combination with. gonadotropin(PMS), in order to synchronize oestrus and simultaneously to augment the fertility in the BlackBengal goats. 86.6% of the animals came into heat between days 1-7 post withdrawal of MGA; and thePMS treated group had a tendency for improved fertility in the first synchronized heat. In another study itwas observed that the thyroid activity in Holstein Fl crosses were more depressed at 3rC in Hariana andFl crosses of Brown Swiss and Jersey with Hariana.In the Pharmacology Laboratory, further studies have been made on the anthelmintic properties ofCarica papaya (H-Papeeta) and Butea trondosa seeds. Pharmacological actions of several compounds isolatedfrom the seeds of these two plants are being investigated.In the Toxicology laboratory it has been observed that the residue of organophosphorus insecticideMalathion in conventional feeds and fodders are negligible under normal farming conditions. The effect ofMalathion on the digestibil ity of feed and ruminal microbial population are being investigated.The research work of the Post-graduate students indicated that more than 5% replacement of maizeby salmeal in the layers ration would interfer in the liver functions of the bird. Heat treatment of ground nutcake, in the caprine and ovine feed resulted in the better utilization of the protein component of groundnutcake. Non-protein nitrogen substances in blood appear to reduce in the heat treated groundnut cake group.The deleterious affect of urease present in horse gram could be avoided by soaking it in water for one hour.Diethyl carbamazine citrate has been found to be effective against bovine theileriasis, a blood protozoan disease.

68DIVISION OF EXTENSIONStaff CoursesOne specialised staff course in prevention and control of diseases with special reference to exotic cattleand sheep was conducted for senior officers of State Governments from 2.7.75 to 7.7.75. In this course sixparticipants participated and a field trip to Pantnagar was also organised.Operational Research ProjectFor the Operational Research Project on Livestock and Fodder improvement a questionnaire for the baselinesurvey of the project area and after discussion with the Director I.A.R.S. has been prepared. Collectionwill be started by the Division very shortly. Action for the requirement of the scientific staff sanctioned underthe project has already been initiated and it is hoped that the staff will join shortly. Coordinating committeesat the rnstitute level and the area level have already been formed. Action for the procurement of necessarymedicines etc. required for the A. I. Centre and health cover is being taken.ExhibitionThe Division participated in the Exhibition for the Members of Parliament organised on the lawns ofParliament from 8.4.75 to 12.5.75. The important panels on Marek's Disease, Urea and molasses feeding,tissue culture techniqUe and the Biological Product were eXhibited.Advice to FarmersAdvice to farmers, livestock OWners ·on various animal health and production aspects was provided bythe Division.VisitorsSixty (60) parties of farmers, livestock owners, students, scientists, etc. were taken round the variouslaboratories and farms of the Institute.Far mer's Mela at NawabganjThe Division participated in the farmer's mel a at Nawabganj on 25.10.75 and three hundred copies ofExtension literature were distributed to the farmers through the local Vety. Asstt. Surgeon.Field Work( i) One Field Day was organised on 9.12.75 at Rithora Inter College during which one lecture discussionand film show was organised. A large number of people and students participated in this programme.(ii) An open Day was also organised in the Institute premises on 10.12.75 and about four hundredstudents with their teachers participated.REGIONAL RESEARCH STATION, BANGALOREDuring the period under report, emphasis was laid on the finaJisation of details for the construc.tion ofmain laboratory building. addition and alterations to the existing laboratory building for piJot production ofvaccine, and on construction at Isolation Unit at Yelahanka. Ori the technical side efforts were made for thedevelopment of facilities for the maintenance and up keep of B HK suspension cells and adaptation of thevaccine strains to grow on these cells. Efforts were also made for creating facilities for pilot production ofvaccine.

69Brief Summary of Technical WorkIt is heartening to note that B HK suspension cell line received from Denmark in Feb/March 1975 has beenmaintained successfully. The cells have been grown in suspension for producing monolayer cultures. Effortsare underway to grow sufficient density and quantity of cells in suspension so that virus could be produced insuspension cultures.Using the suspension cell in monolayer, it was possible to grow the vaccine strains of foot and mouthdisease virus earlier obtained from IVRI-Mukteswar. The highest titres obtained with type 'A' and '0' virusranged from TCIP so 6.6-7.0 when titration was done using BHK21 suspension cell in monolayer. With thelimited facilities available two experimental batches of type 'A' and two of type '0' vaccine we~e prepared.The type 'A' vaccine (small batch) prepared earlier using BHK21 monolayer cells was tested inMukteswar using calves and experimental animals. The vaccine was found to be potent even upto 2.0 ml.dose, This vaccine, however, was found to give a protection 'C' index of 1.2 in guinea pigs. The first pilotbatch of type 'A' vaccine produced using virus grown in BHK21 suspension cells in monolayer when tested inguinea pigs was found to give low protection 'C' index.Production Unit (Hebbal)Main Laboratory Building. The work on construction of the main laboratory building for large scaleproduction of foot and mouth disease vaccine has been awarded. The progress of the work seems to beencouraging and we may expect the whole building to be completed as per the schedule i.e. by June '77. Thepreliminary drawing with regard to various service lines required, air conditioning, placing of equipments andother finer details have been worked out in consultation with Dr. Jensen and the Central Public Works Departmentauthorities.Isolation Unit (Yelahanka)It is heartening to record that the State Public Works Department has completed the construction ofculvert outside the boundary wall. With this development it has now been possible to close the gap in thewall and· the traffic is now moving outside the boundary. Also it has been possible to check entry of strayanimals in farm area.At present the approach to our farm from the national highway is in a very poor condition. One has topass through CRPF land and private land to reach the farm. In this connection the CRPF authorities wereapproached and they have agreed in principle to hgnd over a part of their land on payment for the constructionof approach road. We have already conveyed to them our willingness to pay for the land as calculated bythe Central Public Works Department. There is some minor problem about the total length of land which isrequired for our road which are being settled through Chief Engineer, Central Public Works Department whois the executing authority for both Indian Veterinary Research Instt., and Central Reserve Police Force.The construction of one tractor shed, one healthy animal shed and one sump is nearing completion.The Central Public Works Department has also been requested to complete the construction of boundarywall between the animal holding area and other area and also for the construction of wall in the left out landin our possession for better security.The detailed planning for the construction of infected sheds and other animal shed is yet to be completed.11will be done after decision for potency testing has been taken.

70Land Development. The land development work has started at Isolation Unit at Yelahanka. Workregarding soil water management of water resources at Yelahanka farm is in progress. The soil profile testingis completed and work on construction of pond is to be taken up.Existing Laboratory BuildingIn order to provide facilities for research and development end to undertake small scale experimentalvaccine production the two wings of 'U' shape building have been joined. The work is nearing completion. Thisadditional accommodation will provide space for shower bath for the staff. washing and packing space. vaccinefilling. packing and despatch room. In this building provision has been made for cold room also and estimatefor the same has been submitted for administrative approval/sanction. With the development of these additionalfacilities it may be possible to keep the infected and healthy side separately.Staff QuartersThe construction work of quarters at Hebbal Campus is almost complete. One type VI quarter washanded over and eleven quarters of type II. III. IV and V are complete as far as civil work is concerned andelectric connection are yet to be given which is likely to get completed within a fortnight's time. This willprovide additional accommodation for twelve employees in the campus.We have been exploring the possibility of getting more land near Institute for staff quarters.as land acquisition formalities are over it is hoped that some land will become available on payment.As soonOverhead TankThe overhead tank was commissioned and separate lines for connecting Cauvery and bore well waterto sump and to the overhead tank has been completed. The pumps have also been installed. The Cauverywater has started flowing in the campus and is being supplied to residential, buildings. office building andanimal house.Small Animal HousePreliminary drawings for construction of new small animals house have been completed.IRRADIATED VACCINE PRODUCTION LABORATORYIVRI REGIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE. RAWALPORA. SRINAGAR-5 (KASHMIR)Production of Lungworm VaccineDuring the year under report, a total of 47.200 doses of the lungworm vaccine were produced andissued to the Sheep Deptt., J & K Govt. for use in the field. In view of our limited laboratory and shed facilitiesat present, further increase in our target of lungworm vaccine production appears to be extremely difficult.However. our efforts to increase the production of lungworm vaccine under the existing facilities is continuingand we hope to produce more doses of the vaccine during 1976 than what has been produced duringthe year, 1975.Previous studies. both in the laboratory and field. have shown that strong acquired protective immunityresults in lambs, vaccinated with a double dose of radiation attenuated D. filaria vaccine (Tiwari et aI., 1973,Dhar et al., 1972). This protection conferred in lambs as a result of vaccination may, however, vary from ahimalto animal, between different breeds of animal and also whether a 'particular animal is infected or free from infectionat the time of vaccination. Although the immune response elicited by the vaccine in healthy, infectionfreelambs has been studied in detail, we do not at present have any definite information as to how the vaccinewill behave in animals which have already been exposed to the infection. In field certain proportion of animalsare already infected by the time they are being vaccinated. The present study is an attempt to investigate theimmunity elicited by the vaccine in lambs previously exposed to D. filaria infection under laboratory conditions.

71When lambs were first infected, subsequently vaccinated and later challenged (Group I) they showed amean percentage take of worms as 3.7. In comparison lambs which had been only vaccinated and then challenged(Group II) or challenged only (Group III) showed per cent take of worms as 0.2 and 8.3 respectively.Taking mean per cent take of worms of the group of animals receiving only the challenge infections (Group III)as the zero protection, the degree of protection was calculated for the other two groups of animals. Thedegree of protection obtained for Group I (infected, vaccinated and challenged), Group n (vaccinated andchallenged) and group III (challenged only) lambs was 55.4, 97.6 and zero per cent respectively.Correlated with these findings. Iambs belonging to Group II (vaccinated and challenged) showed verylow or almost negligible lalval counts per gram of faeces (LPG) in comparison to the other two groups (GroupI & III) which showed gradually increasing LPG, the larvae, appearing in the Group I lambs (infected, vaccinatedand challenged) for the first time in the 5th week following primary infection whereas in the Group IHlambs (challenged only) in the 14th week of start of experiment corresponding to 5th week post-challengeinfection of these animals.The animals belonging to Group II (vaccinated and challenged) showed no apparent clinical signs oflungworm disease for the entire period of the experiment. All of them maintained a steady gain in body weightand the macroscopic appearance of their lungs at autopsy was found to be apparently normal. None of theanimals in this group died of the lungworm disease following the challenge infection. As against this, lambsin the other two groups (I & II), all showed signs of the lungworm disease, differing in severity from animal toanimal and also between the two groups of animals, being more severe in animals receiving only thechallenge infections (Group III) The clinical signs of the disease appeared in the group III animals (challengedonly) after they had received the challenge infections, whereas in the Group I animals (infected, vaccinatedand challenged) from day 16 of their receiVing the primary infection which continued even after these animalshad been vaccinated and subsequently challenged. All animals in Group I showed a steady decline in theirbody weight right from the start of the experiment and died at varying intervals following the challenge infections.Animals in the Group III, however, showed a steady increase in body weight upto the time ofchallenge but once challenged a sharp decline in their body weight was noticed. 50% of these animals diedof the challenge infection in this group.The macroscopic picture of lUngs of animals belonging to Group I and III appeared to be almost similar.These comprised acute congestion, areas of emphysema and atelectasis. Consolidation of the diaphragmaticand sometimes apical lobes of the lungs was also noticed.The results of the study indicate that the vaccine confers a poor protective acquired immune responsein lambs already exposed to the lungworm infection.TRAINING FACILITIES FOR THE FIELD STAFFA batch of officials from the sheep department of the Jammu & Kashmir Government were impartedtraining in the care and use of lungworm vaccine at the Centre (From 1.9.1975 to 15.9.1975)IVRI V,ETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH UNITALL rNDIA INSTITUTE OF HYGIENE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, CALCUTTAStudies on pyrexia on unknown origin with particular reference to brucellosisThe work was undertaken to define the role of brucellosis in pyrexia of known origin and as a publichealth problem.

72Sixty-nine serum sample from febrile patients were collected at different rural health centres with thehistory of patients in respect of symptoms, animal keeping, consumption of animal products occupation, etc.These serum samples were tested for brucellosis and Q-fever and the positive cases were further followed upat their residence to trace the source of infections.Existence of brucellosis was studied in Calcutta in four groups of population viz. febrile patients, randompopulation V.D. patients of expected high incidence (Chetla) and low incidence (central city) area. A totalof 160 samples were tested and seven were found to be positive.Sero-evidence of Q-fever infection was noted among 12.2% of 114 cases in the city of Calcutta. Furtherwork on this project and interpretation of results are continued.During the year under report the V. P. H. unit at the All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health,Calcutta remained actively engaged in (i) teaching of M. V. P. H. and other public health courses and (ii)guiding and supervising the research work of the final year M. V. P. H. students. In addition the unit preparedthe public health abstract on Vety. Publ ic Health subjects for the year 1971 and submitted the same to theAll India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health, Calcutta.IVRI REGIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE, PORT BLAIRStudies on biology and control of Stephanofilarial dermatitis among domestic livestock ofAndaman and Nicobar IslandsStephanofilaria I dermatitis among livestock is a chronic obstinate disease not prone to usual coursesof treatment. The economic loss to these Islands on account of this infection alone was estimated to be morethan Rs 40 lakh. As such work was started to tackle the problem in 1970 under an All India Coordinatedproject, and is continuing as a regular activity.The salient findings were that the incidence of this disease was 32% in these Islands. nearly three timesthan the mainland; the active sores occurred during June to January which is also the period of maximumrainfall and humidity; in cattle horns ard in buffaloes hooves appeared to be more responsible for skin lacerations,which is prerequisite for infection; though elephants had similar lesions, deer and goats were not havingthem; morphologically sufficient significant differences were not recorded among causative parasite fromdifferent lesions and different animals so as to recognise them as separate species; the development of parasiticjuvenile was found inside the gut. haemocoE:le and thoracic muscles of vector flies; the infection appeared tobe carried over the quiescent period to the next sore season through temporarily healed sores; though inchronic disease there was no evidence of generalised immunogenic response in infected animals, nor haematologicalstudies revealed anything more than mild leucocytic increase; Musca sp. flies served as intermediatehosts for spread of the infection, and 0.2% Musca flies were naturally positive for Stephanofilaria juveniles;life span of these flies appeared to be nearly a month or so; and that 6% 'Neguvon' oi ntment with 60%Sulphanilamide for 20-30 days b.i.d. was a very effective cure. which need to be repeated several times for along term complete cure.Studies on efficacy of 'Neguvon' for control of Stephanofilarial dermatitis under field conditions inselected IslandSBased on the earlier investigations above. a 'Pilot Project' is approved by the ICAR for extension ofthese laboratory researches to actual farm practices on limited area of South Andamans. thereby presenting amodel for complete eradication of this challenging melady from these Islands enhancing the local livestock

73economy. The drug (Neguvon'- an organophosphorous compound- is a proprietory preparation of MISBayer Ag. Leverkuschen. West Germany and thus has to be imported. Procurement action has already beentaken and the drug is already on way to Calcutta by ship. Another organophosphorous compound 'Supona-20'is obtained as a sample. which too is a product of Netherlands. In the meantime indigenously available otheragricultural organophosphorous compounds are being also procured for trials, so that some locally available drugscould replace 'Neguvon' import. Other equipments, insecticides and sprayers are being procured. No sooner'Neguvon' becomes handy, field trials shall be conducted and infection completely controlled in the proposedareas.Studies on incidence of the common disease spreading insects of livestock in selected villages andtheir controlThe ectoparasites of livestock not only by themselves cause harm to the livestock health, but many ofthem are responsible for the spread of much dreaded microbial and protozoan diseases. No such records ofany kind are at all available in these Islands. After the facilities became available in the last quarter of theyear a modest beginning was made in this direction. To formulate control strategies against arthropod pests oflivestock in these islands. the investigations on their bionomics were started. In an exploratory survey ofthe proposed area. the tick-Rhipicephalus S. sanguineu$ from dogs and Boophilus microplu$ from cattle andbuffalo-calves were encountered so far. Among the insects only dipterus flies. namely Musca crassirostris,M. nebulo. M. xanthome/as. Haematobia sanguisugens. Stomoxys ca/citrans and Siphons exigua were collectedfrom buffaloes and cattle. The over all fly-population build up shows that haematophagous flies over numberedthe non-haematophagous ones. The maggots of myiasis-producing fly, Calliphora erychrocephala. wererecovered from an ulcerative stephanofilaria I lesion of a cow.Studies on incidence of common helminthiasis amongand their controleconomic livestock of selected villagesThe worm parasites of economic livestock are notorious for robbing the nutrition of their parasitised hosts,therby reducing their health and productivity. Heavy infections in young stocks not only check their growthand make them sick but may even cause deaths. incurring loss to the farmers. Systematic survey records onhelminthiasis, however. are lacking in these islands which made these studies imperative. Under the preliminarysurvey near Port Blair town started during the year in all 2.104 animals including cattle, buffalo, goat,dog, pig and poultry were covered. and another 280 animals excluding dogs and poultry were covered in thefour vill'ages of Austenabad. Prathrapur. Pahargaon and Lamba Line. Prior to actual anthelmintic trials, theintensities of various prevalent infections were recorded; the common infections being amphistomiasis, strongylosis.strongyloidosis. trichuriasis, ascariasis among cattle, buffalo and goats; metastrongylosis and faciolopsiasisin pigs; and ascariasis. heterakiasis and taeniasis in poultry. Survey for the intermediate hosts, whereinvolved, was also conducted in these villages, and sufficient number of aquatic snails. ants, earthworms andvarious flies were screened but none was so far found positive. The procurement action for various anthelminticsand drugs for controlling these infections was undertaken.REGIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE, PALAMPURStudies on the utilization of low grade roughages for economic feeding of animalsPart III: Wheat straw untreated or sprayed with alkali and supplemented with oil cake, urea; urea oxalate orurea formaldehyde.The studies on the utilization of wheat straw were conducted on the lines of the previous work in a 5 x 5single replicate Latin square experiment spread over five periods. In four of the five treatments untreated wheat

74straw was supplemented with an oil cake (T 1), urea (T 2 ), urea oxalate (T3) and urea formaldehyde (T4) onalmost equinitrogen basis. rn the fifth treatment 3 per cent NaOH sprayed (1/kg) vvheat straw was supplementedwith an equivalent amount of urea. The intake of nitrogen through supplements could not be strictlycontrolled and varied significantly (P< 0.01) between 29.0 and 37.6 g/head/day in the different treatmentsbeing highest through urea oxalate (Ta) and lowest through urea (T2 and Ts)·The dry matter intake in the five treatments varied non-significantly between 67 and 88 g/kg WO· 75being highest on oil cake supplement lT 1) and lowest on urea oxalate supplement (Ta). However, the dry matterdigestibility varied significantly (P

75Time course rumen studies at 0. 2. 4. 6 and 8 hours i. e. just at the start of feeding and thereafter atregular intervals, showed that the average rumen pH, and concentration of ruminal TVFA. total-Nitrogen,ammonia-Nitrogen, food and protozoal-Nitrogen, bacterial-Nitrogen and residual-Nitrogen varied highly significantly(p

76than in the other three treatments. The trend of results in respect of both the parameters suggested a higherefficiency of utilization of nitrogen from the sparingly soluble urea derivatives or urea in presence of oxalates.It appeared that rumen microbes acted on oxalates by preference and thus slowed down the rate of hydrolysisof urea.Urea and UFC were compared directly as non-protein-nitrogen supplements in a second experimentcarried out on the same lines in a 2 X 2 double replicate Latin square design. Significantly lower values ofruminal ammonia-Nitrogen (P

77Gill, B. S. and Malhotra, M. N. Prophylactic activity of quinapyramine-suramin complex-against rfypanosoma .evansi infection in rats J. Res. Punjab Agric. Univ. 11 : 109-113.Khan, M.H.(1975). Studies on transmission of Babesia bigemina, Ann. beIge Med. Abst. 55,327-332(1975).Subramanian. G.,Srivastava, V. K. and Verma, J. C. (1975). Studies on experimental infection of rabbits withirradiated metacercariae of Fasciola gigantica Cobbold, 1885. Proc. DAE Symp. USB of Radiations andRadioisotopes in Studies of Animal Production, December, 1975.Standardisation of Biological ProductsGhosh, S. S., Mittal, K. P. and Jaiswal, T. N. (1975).Ind. J. Animal Health, 14 (2),185-186.Use of Felix 0-1 phage for identification of Salmonella.Pathology DivisionRama Rao, P., Rajya, B. S., Parihar, N. S., Mohanty, G. C. and Mehrotra, M. L.in cattle-Immunofluorescent studies. Vet. Record. 96: 361.Granular vulvovaginitis (GVV)Parihar, N.S., Rajya, B.S. and Gill, B. S. Occurrence of Malignant Catarrhal fever in India. Indian Vet. J. 52 :857-59.Nem Singh. Rajya, B. S. and Mohanty, G. C. Pathology of M. Agalactiae induced GVV in goats. Corn!.Vety.65 No. 3-364.Jain, S. K., Rajya. B.S., Mohanty, G. C., Paliwal, O. P., Mehrotra. M. L. and Sah. R. L.dial abortions in ovine and caprine. Current Sci. 44 (6) : 209-210.Pathology of chlamy-.Mogha, r. V., Das, S.C. and Paliwal, O. P. Partial extirpation of udder in a goat. U. P. Vety. J.3 (3) :157-159.Mall, M. P., Kapoor, K. N., Mallick, B. B. and Verma, K. C. Simultaneous occurrence of antibodies of Myco.gallisBpticum, Myco. synoviae and Myco. meleagridis in various species of birds. Indian Vet. J. 52 :289-94.Rai, A. and Mallick, B. B. Biological properties of reovirus type 3 from laboratory mice. Indian J. Med. Res.63: 494.Jayaramaiah. B., Mallick, B. B. Serological survey of infectious bursal disease. Ind. Vet. J. 52 : 673-676.Animal NutritionSawhney, P. C., Bedi, S. P. Singh and Parmesharan, K. N. Studies on the digestibilities of proximate principlesand mineral utilisation in growing buffalo calves on ration containing urea as a partial proteinsubstitute. Indian J. Nutr. & Dietet. 12: 399-403.Sawhney, P. C., Khan, S. A. and Bedi, S. P. Singh.Pradesh. Indian J. Anim. Prod. 5 (2).Distribution of trace elements in the fodders of HimachalBedi, S. P. Singh, Vijjan, V. K. and Ranjhan, S. K. Utilization of neem seed cake and its influence on nutrientsdigestibilities in adult buffaloes. Indian J. Dairy Sci. 18 (2).Bedi, S. P. Singh, Vijjan, V.K. and Ranjhan, S. K. Effect of neem cake on growth and nutrients digestibilityin crossbred calves. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 45 (9).Sedi, S. P. Singh, Vijjan, V.K. and Ranjhan, S. K. Effect of formaldehyde on the solubility and degradation ofproteins from oil-seed cakes. Indian J. Anim. Prod. 5 (2).

78Krishna Mohan, D. V. G., Katiyar, R.C., Ranjhan, S. K. and Bhat, P. N. Efficiency of metabolisable energy andnitrogen utilisation for milk production from rations based on different roughages in exotic and crossbredcows. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 45 (8).'Ranjhan. S. K .• Krishna Mohan. D. V. G. and Singh Rajendra. Energy and protein requirements of Holstein­Friesian and Holstein-Friesian x Hariana crosses for maintenance and milk production. Indian J. Anim.Sci. 45 (11).Pathak. N. N. and Ranjhan. S. K. The incidence of drunkenness in crossbred calves fed ad lib. urea-molassesliquid diets. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 45 (12).Chetal. Urmila. Mehra. U. R., Nath, K. and Ranjhan, S. K. On the variation of urinary creatinine in buffalocalves and the effect of dietary protein intake on urinary creatinine, creatinine: nitrogen ratio and creatininecoefficient. J. Agri. Sci. Cambridge. 84 : 1- 5.Verma. D. N., Singh. U. B .• Srivastava. R. V. N. and Ranjhan. S. K. Measurement of the rates of production ofbacteria in the rumen of buffalo calves using HC Streptococcus bovis. Paper presented in the D. A E.Symposium on use of Radiation and Radio-isotopes in Studies of Animal Production at IVRI. Izatnagar,December 16-18. 1975./" Singh. U. B., Verma, D. N .• Verma. A.. Lal. M. and Ranjhan. S. K. Metabolism of urea in buffalo calves fedon diets of different crude protein contents. Indian J. Expt. BioI. 13. 160-162.I n vivo estimation of the rate of production of rumen bacteria in buffalo calves.Paper presented at the D. A. E. Symposium on the use of radiation and radio· isotopes in studies ofAnimal Production at the I. V. R. I.. Izatnagar. Dec. 16-18. 1975.Poultry Research DivisionAggarwal. C. K .• Mohapatra. S.C .• Sinha. S. P .• Ahuja. S.D. and Sharma. P. N. (1975). Evaluation of purebredsand crossbreds for broiler traits. r nd. J. Poultry Sci. 10 : 170·171.Aggarwal. C. K .• Mohapatra. S C. Saxena. S. C. and Pati, S. K. (1975). Evaluation of purebreds and crossbredsfor broiler traits. Magnitude of heterosis for some of the broiler traits. Ind. J. Poultry Sci. 10:172-173.Aggarwal. C. K .• Mohapatra. S. C .• Sinha. S. P .• Sharma. P. N. and Ahuja. S. D. (1975). General and specificcombining abilities maternal and sex linked effects as estimated from diallel mating systems in poultry.Ind. J. Poultry Sci. 10 : 173-174.Aggarwal, C. K .• Mohapatra. S. C .• Ahuja. S. D. and Iqbaluddin (1975). Genetic and phenotypic correlationsbetween the broiler traits. Ind. J. Poultry Sci. 10: 174.Aggarwal. C. K .• Mohapatra. S. C .• Iqbaluddin. Rao. G. V. and Ayyagari. V. B. (1975). Heritabilities for someof the broiler traits in purebred and crossbred chickens. Ind. J. Poultry Sci. 10: 174-175.Ahuja, S. D. (1975). Requisites of Poultry Housing. Poultry Guide 12 (12): 15-18 ..Basnet. T. B., Mohapatra. S. C .• Aggarwal. S. K. and Rao. G. V. (1975). Hatchability, embryonic mortalitymalformations and malpositions of chicken eggs as affected by pre-incubation temperature and methodof storage. Ind. Poultry Gaz. 59: 26-32.Bulbule. V. D .• Mohapatra. S. C., Gaur. C. L., Ayyagari. V. B. and Ahuja. S. D. (1975). Heritabilities andgenetic correlations between purebred and crossbred paternal half sisters for egg production, eggweight. age at first egg and body weight. Ind. J. Poultry Sci. 10 : 170.

79,,"-Chaudhary, R., Mohapatra, S. C., Nanda, S. K., Kotaiah, T. and Ahuja, S. D. (1975). Efficiency of partrecord selection to improve annual record egg production in chickens. India Vet. J. 52 : 823-831.Desai, P. D., Sadagopan, V. R., Rao, P. V. and Panda, B. (1975). Effect of supplementation of methionineand lysine at different protein levels in crossbred broiler chicks. Indian J. Poultry Sci. 10 (3) : 153-157.Fowjwant Singh, Rao, P. V., Sadagopan, V. R. and Panda, B. (1975). Effect of quantitative feed restrictionin broiler pullets on their subsequent laying performance. Indian J. Poultry Sci. 10 (3): 131-135.Gabriel Raj, A., Sadagopan, V. R., Rao, P. V. and Panda, B. (1975). Utilization of sunflower seed meal inbroiler starter ration. Ind. J. Poultry Sci. 10 (3) : 177-178. (Abstr).Gaur, C. L., Mohapatra, S. C .• Bulbule, V. D. anrj Aggarwal. S. K. (1975). Strain by energy and protein interactionin chickens. Ind.J. Poultry Sci. 10 : 168-169.Johri. T. S .• Sadagopan, V. R .• Rao, P.V. and Pal, K.K. (1975). Protein requirements of purebred broilerchicks. I. Effect of breed. Indian. J. Poultry Sci. 10 (3) : 178. (Abstr).Kotaiah, T., Ayyagari, V. B .• Iqbaluddin and Mohapatra, S. C. (1975). Egg quality traits as affected by methodof housing. Ind. J. Poultry Sci. 10 : 78- 84.Mohapatra, C. M. and Panda, B. (1975). Effects of different methods of processing and storage on the chemicalcomposition of chicken sausage. Ind. J. Poultry Sci. 10 (3) : 194 (Abstr).Majhi, S. C. and Panda, B. (1975). Standardization of conditions for preparation of chicken sausage. rnd. J/Poultry Sci. 10 (3) : 195 (Abstr).Mehta, N. T., Mohapatra. S. C .• Ahuja, S. D., Sharma, P. N .• Patio S. K. and Sharma. R. P. (1975). Studies /on the construction of selection indexes for broiler dams with body weight, egg production and eggweight. Ind. J. Poultry Sci. 10: 175-176.Panda. B. and Rao. P.V. (1975). Use of Agro-industrial byproducts in poultry ratioDs. Ind. Poult. Gaz., 59(1):12-16.Panda, B. and Rao. P. V. (1975). Where do we go from here in poultry nutrition. Ind. Poultry Review, VIL(i) : 61-65. (International Number, 1975).Patio S. K .• Mohapatra. S. C .• Sinha. S. P .• Aggarwal, S. K. and Mehta. N. T. (1975). Comparison of purebreds,strain and breed-crosses for broiler traits. Ind. J. Poultry Sci. 10 : 142-148.Pati, S. K .• Mohapatra. S. C .• Sinha. S. P .• Ahuja, S. D.. Saxena, S. C. and Sharma, R. P. (1975). Geneeffects influencing broiler traits in chickens as estimated from diallel mating system. Ind. J. PoultrySci. 10 : 1 67.Rao, G. V. (1975). Book Review. "Development of Avian Embryo by B. M. Freeman and Mongaret A. Virce,Publ. Chapman and Hall, London.Rao, V. A., Mahadevan. T. D. and Panda, B. (1975). Effect of processing methods of feathers and dietaryutilization in broiler chicks. Ind. J. Poultry Sci. 10 (3) ; 193 (Abstr).Rao, V. A" Mahadevan, T. D. and Panda. B. (1975). Proce~sing utilization and protein quality of poultry byproductmeal. Ind. J. Poultry Sci. 10 (3) : 193 (Abstr).Reddy, K. A. and Mohapatra, S. C. (1975). General combining ability, specific combining ability and reciprocaleffects for egg production traits in chickens. Ind. J. Poultry Sci. 10: 168.

80Reddy, V. R., Panda, B. and Rao, P. V. {1975}. Studies on the requirement of vitamin A in layers. IndianJ. Poultry Sci. 10 (3) : 180 (Abstr).Reddy, V. R., Panda, B. and Rao,' P. V. (1975). Effect of vitamin A on egg quality. Ind. J. Poultry Sci. 10(3) : 181 (Abstr).Reddy, V. R., Panda, B. and Rao, P. V. (1975). Studies on the effect of vitamin A on fertility and hatchability.Ind. J. Poultry Sci. 10 (3) : 181 (Abstr).Reddy, V. R., Panda, B. and Rao, P.V. (1975). Relation of dietary vitamin A of laying hens to vitamin Acontent of egg yolk and newly hatched chick. Ind. J. of Poultry Sci. 10 (3) : 182.Sinha, U. K., Rao. P. V., Sadagopan. V. R. and Panda, B. (1975). Utilization of Poultry manure in WhiteLeghorn Chicks. Ind. J. Poultry Sci. 10 (3) : 185-186 (Abstr).Srivastava, H. K., Sadagopan. V. R., Rao, P. V. and Panda,B. (1975). Utilization and M. E. value of sunflowerseed mear' in starter rations. Ind. J. Poultry Sci. 10 (3) 186: (Abstr).Vaidya, S. V., Panda, B. and Rao, P V. (1975). Nutritive evaluation of mustard oil cake. I. Investigation onthe non-nutritive components of mustard oil cake. Ind. J. Poultry Sci. 10 (3) : 186 (Abstr).Vaidya, S. V., Panda, B. and Rao, P. V. (1975). Nutritive evaluation of mustard oil cake. Gross proteinvalue and available lysine and available carbohydrates. Ind. J. Poultry Sci. 10 (3) : 187 (Abstr).Vaidya, S. V., Panda, B. and Rao, P. V. 1975. Nutritive evaluation of mustard oil cake 3. M. E. and nitrogenavailability. Ind. J. Poultry Sci. 10' (3) : 187-188 (Abstr).Verma, A. K., Rao, P. V .. Johri. T. S. and Sadagopan, V. R. (1975). Processing and utilization of hatcherybyproduct meal as a protein supplements in chick starter rations. !nd. J. Poulrry Sci. 10 (4).Animal GeneticsDass, D., and Sidhu, N. S. (1975). Biometrical studies on Ram Spermatozoa in Muzaffarnagari and CorriedaleBreeds of Sheep, o vis aries. Ind. Herd. VII (I): 11-21.Dass, D. and Sidhu, N.S. (1975). Udder and teat size variation in Barbari & Black Bengal Breeds of Goat,Capra hircus. Ind. Herd. VII (I): 21-31.Physiology and PharmacologyGael, V.I

81Effect of feeding biostimulator on the gro\ll(t.h and body composi­Shukla, D. C.' and Mahapatro, B. B. (1975).tion of rats. Ind. J. Ani. Plod. 6.Sanwal, P.C., Pande, J. K., Varshney, V. P. and Rahman, M. (1975). Determination of serum thyroxine levelin goats by competitive protein binding. DAE Symposium on Use of Radiations and Radioisotopes inStudies of Animal Production, Izatnagar, U. P.Shivakumar, A. M., Suresh Chandra and Sabir, M. (1975). Studies on the anthelmintic actions of mehlndazoleagainst Ascaridia galli. rnd. Vet. J. 52. 136-142.Varshney, V. POI Pande, J. K. and Sanwal, P. C. (1975). T31251 uptake by resin, serum calcium and phosphoruslevel in pregnant and lactating Black Bengal Goats. DAE Symposium on Use of Radiation anqRadioisotopes in Studies of Animal Production, IZ8tnagar, U.P.Vety. Pub. Health, Calcutta UnitSen, G. P. and Sharma. G.l. Speciation oJ Indian Strains of Brucella-An Epidemiological study. Ind. J. AnimalSci. 45, No.8, 1975.Sen, G.P., Joshi, T.P. and Gajindar Singh.Health 15, June, 1975.Brucellosis among horses in rndia-A serological study. Ind. J. Ani.Regional Research Centre, SrinagarDhar, D. N. and Sharma, R. L. Studies on the immune response of previously infected lambs to vaccinationwith the radiation attenuated Dictyocaulus filaria vaccine. Proceedings of the DAE Symposium on Useof Radiations and Radio-isotopes in Studies of Animal Production held at Ind.Vet. ~es. Inst,itute, Izatnagar,December 16-18, 1975.TECHNICAL SECTIONSLibrariesI~atnagar. During the year 877 titles of journals were subscribed. 747 books were added during theyear making the total 17820. Inter-library loan service was maintained for the benefit of v~terinary andagricultural institutes in the country. Scholars and scientists from various institutions visited the library forconsultation. About 65,000 publications were consulted.Mukteswar. Thirty eight new books were added during the year. The number of home and foreignperiodicals subscribed was 110. About 100 reports, reprints and bulletins published by international societies,institutes and organisations have been procured. One thousand publications were issued and about 5,000publications were consulted by research workers and scholars. Inter-library loan service was maintained.Engineering SectionIzatnagar. Modern scientific machines, equipments etc. in the Divisions/Projects were looked after.Other functions comprised distribution and utilization of electric energy, maintenance and repair of electric andelectronic instruments, production and supply of kerosine oil gas and petrol gas, installation, mpintenance andrepairs of refrigerators, etc. maintenance of gas plants, welding of autoclaves, trollies, carts, vehicles etc.

82Mukteswar. During the year the work in the section comprised (1) pumping and supply of water(41000 b. litres), (b) distribution of electricity (5,16,724 units). (c) generation and supply of 7,134cubic meters of gas, (d) generation and supply of 197.340 kg of steam, (e) manufacture of brand numbersfor goats (400). sheep (200), dogs (100), room heating drums (2) and one bottle washing device, and (f)maintenance of diesel generating sets. water pumping sets, electrical L. T. sub-station equipments, laboratoryequipments. vehicles and tractors.Estate FarmsIzatnagar. During the year 534.06 acres cultivable land was put under Kharif crops and 280.45 acresunder rabi crops. 7541.428 tonnes green fodder and 722.915 mt dry fodder was produced for feeding oflivestock at the Institute. Berseem seed 805 kg, oat seed 6548 kg and sunflower seed 345 kg were produced.In order to augment fodder production programme to meet the growing requirements two more new tubewellswere got constructed through the U.P. State Irrigation Department.Mukteswar. Work relating to purchase of grains, preparation of feed mixture, procurement of greenfodder, hay and leaves amI their proper distribution was continued. About 500 quintals of pine leaves werecollected and supplied. The cart road and motor roads were maintained as usual.In regard to agricultural operations, 90 acres of Kharif and 72 acres of rabi crops were sown for thepurpose of supply of greens to animals and for preparation of silage. The quantities were: green fodder7887.29, silage 2.000, hay 1,085.69. oats 146.92 and vegetable leaves 99.64 kg. From the Institute orcharda sum of Rs. 484.63 was received on account of sale proceeds of fruits.A forest nursery of 1/2 acre is maintained for various species of plants. The plantation activities werecontinued and 200 Morpankhi, 256 Surai. 120 Robenia. 3,075 Deodar. 50 Pangar, 435 Akeshiva, 105 Angu,Poplar 100. and Tilong 1500 were planted. The operation of resin tapping was done on contract basis, whichfetched a sum of Rs. 70,000.The Veterinary Section was concerned with breeding of large and small animals, their supply toresearch laboratories. maintenance and treatment of animals production and supply of milk. Thirty-six bullcalves, 122 goats/kids. 36 sheep/Iambs and 10 buffalo calves were purchased, six calves, 2 lambs. 1 goat and28 piglets were born.During the year 10861 mice, 1507 guinea-pigs, 128 hamsters, 3 rats and 268 rabbits were issued forresearch work.The dairy farm produced 63,397.90 litres of milk and a sum of Rs. 78,271.08 was received on accountof sale of milk and milk products.IzatnagarMEDICAL SECTIONSThe attendance at the hospital was 51554 new cases, 68874 old cases. 5018 emergency and 68 indoorcases. Minor operations were 112 and POP 25. X-ray facilities were provided and 656 X-ray and 200screenings were done. The hospital continued its activities for prophylactics against small pox, cholera, typhoidetc, besides family planning activities. Clinical laboratory facilities' were also provided to the staff. Besidesother material, 1913 blood, 1119 urine and 714 stool samples were examined.

83Mukteswar. The general health in the campus was good. The total number of in patients was 289,consisting of 174 staff and 115 others. The total number of cases at OPD was 24,356 new and old 29,878.The operation cases. both major and minor (including obstetrical and gynaecological) were 115. The numberof labour and abortion cases was 101. The familY planning programme was undertaken. Vaccination againstsmall pox, cholera. TAB, triple antigen and polio etc. were also made. X-ray screening, ECG, diathermyexposures were also made.CONFERENCES/SEMINARS/SYMPOSIA/SUMMER INSTITUTES1. National Seminar on Poultry Science Education and Extension. under the auspices of UN DP/ICAR,October 16-19, 1975.2. Govt. of India, Department of Atomic Energy/BARC/IVRI Seminar on "Use of Radiations and Radioisotopesin Studies of Animal Production, December 16.18, 1975.3. 51st All-India Medical Conference, December 23-30" 1975 Dr. C.M. Singh, Director, IVRI, inauguratedthe scientific session on 28-12-75.SHORT TERM TRAINING COURSESIn the Division of Epidemiology, the first course in Epidemiology and Control of Animal Diseases wasorganised for a period of 3 months during September-December, 1975, for participants of state/centre AnimalHusbandry departments.The IVRI Regional Research Station, Rawalpora, Srinagar (J&K) imparted training to a batch of officialsfrom the Directorate of Sheep (J&K) in The Care and Use of the Lungworm Vaccine in the Field, for 15 days.

84LIST OFRESEARCH PROJECTS FOR 1976Project CodeNo.1Title of the Research Project2Investigators3.1.00 VIRAL INFECTIONSDIVISION OF VIROLOGY11.01 Foot-and-Mouth DiseaseV.1.011 Production and standardization of cell culturedinactivated vaccine against FMD.V.1.012V.1.0110Immunological studies on foot-and-mouth diseasevaccine.Research and development of experimental FMDvaccines .M.C Pandey, B.S. Negi, I.J. Prasad,R.N. Sharma and A.C. GaelS.K. DasM.C. Pandey, S.K. Chawla, A.C. Goeland D.C. Shukla. 1.02 RinderpestV.1.026V.1.0271.03 Sheep poxStudies on rinderpest and rinderpest like diseases.Studies on tissue culture rinderpest vaccine.R.C. Joshi and R.P. BansalR.P. Bansal and R.C. JoshiV.1.0322.03 BrucellosisStudies on live attenuated and inactivated tissueculture sheep pox vaccine.A.K. PandeyB.2.035B.2.036Comparative evaluation of Rose Bengal Plate test(RBPT) antigen.To differentiate between vaccinal and infectiontit res in brucellosis in cattle.T.P. JoshiT.P. Joshi5.000 Tissue CulturesV.5.01V.5.02V.5.03Development and study of different cell lines ofspecial interest in the veterinary science.Studies on transformation of continuous cell culturesand its implications.Assay of possible occurrence of virus PPLO andRickettsia in calf, lamb and goat kidney cell culturesbeing employed for different vaccines.D.C. Shukla and S.K. ChawlaS.K. Chawla and D.C. ShuklaS.K. Chawla6.000 Post-Graduate StudiesV.6.014Studies on foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine indifferent domestic animals susceptible to this disease.M.C. Pandey (Ph.D. Scholar)N.D. Datt (Guide)

851V.6.018V.6.019V.6.020V.6.024V.6.025V.6.026V.6.027M .V.Sc. StudentsV.6.040V.6.0412Studies on development of tissue culture rinderpestvaccine using lamb kidney cell culture system.Studies on foot-and-mouth disease virus typeAsia-I isolates of Indian origin.Characterization of type '0' foot-and-mouth diseasevirus isolates of Indian origin.Isolation and characterization of respiratory virusesof sheep and goats.Studies on immunological response against differentfoot-and-mouth disease vaccines in newly borncalves.Carrier state of bovines exposed to foot-and-mouthdisease virus.Characterization of Indian isolates of foot-and· mouthdisease virus type 'A'.Utility of gel diffusion and serum neutralization testin FMD research.In vitro studies on viral latency in cattle, sheep andhamsters kidney tissue.R.P. Bansal (Ph.D. Scholar)S. Kumar (Guide)3I.J. Prasad (Ph.D. Scholar)S. Kumar (Guide)A.C. Goer (Ph.D. Scholar)S. Kumar (Guide)R.N. Sharma (Ph.D. Scholar)P.K. Uppal (Guide)Hari Shanker (Ph.D. Scholar)P K. Uppal (Guide)S.C. Tewari (Ph.D. Scholar)B.U. Rao (Guide)A.K. Mukhopadhyay (Ph.D. Scholar),B.V. Rao (Guide)S.K. Bandyopadhyay (Ph.D. Scholar)B.U. Rao (Guide)J. Vaid (Ph.D. Scholar)S.K. Chawla (Guide)DIVISION OF BACTERIOLOGY AND MYCOLOGYBM 1.001BM 2.001BM 2.002BM 3.001Establishment of salmonella serotyping centre.Serotyping of leptospira.Preparation of standard anti leptospira sera.Studies on the reproductive disorders of bovineassociated with mycoplasma agents.B.R. Gupta and P.K. UppalS.P. Singh and P.K. UppalN.C. Srivastava and S.P. SinghP.K. Uppal and N.C. SrivastavaDIVISION OF PATHOLOGYPT-1Diseases of large animals (Cattle. buffalo and wild animals)1.042 Bovine respiratory disease with special reference toviral respiratory infections in calves.1.043 Fluorescent antibody techniques in the diagnosis ofrinderpest and allied diseases.PT-2Diseases of small animals (Sheep. goats. pigs and dogs)2.052 Studies on piglet mortality.2.06 Studies on the disease problems of Tibetian goats.2.061 Studies on lamb and kid mortality.N.S. Parihar, M.L. Melhotra,Kali Charan and S.C. MukherjeeB.S. Rajya, M.L. Mehrotra,S.C. Mukherjee and N.S. PariharS.C. Gupta, C.F. Mataney andP.K.R. IyerO.P. Paliwal and B.S. RajyaO.P. Paliwal, Lal Krishna andS.B. Kulshrestha

PT-31 2 386Diseases of avians (Poultry, Turkeys, ducks and wild birds)3.01 Pathology of reproductive disorders of poultry. R.L. Sah, H.K. Pradhan,G.C. Mohanty and K.C. Verma3.053.063.07Studies on avian encephalomyelitis.Evaluation of the immunogenicity of indigenousstrains of I B".The immunodepressive effect of infectious bursaldisease virus in chickens.R.L. Sah, G .C. Mohanty and8.S. RajYaK.N. Kapoor, K.C. Verma andR.L. SahM.P. Malt K.N. Kapoor, K.C. Vermaand R.L. SahPT-4 Diseases of small laboratory animals4.01 Studies on mortalities in small laboratory animals.PT-5 Oncology5.01 Studies on transmissible tumours. To be taken up.PT-6 Post-Graduate StudiesC.F. Mataney,S.C. GuptaP .K.R. Iyer andDIVISION OF PARASITOLOGYEntomologyPS 1.06Effect of gamma radiation and chemosterilization inthe reproduction potential of ticks.S.C. Srivastava, R. Moin andR.C. NaithaniHelminthologyPS 2.05PS 2.07ProtozoologyPS 3.06PS 3.06 (b)PS 3.07Clinical ParasitologyPS 4.01Studies on incidence, epidemiology and en co logy ofHaemonchus contortus infection in sheep and goatsfor preparation of live attenuated vaccine to control it.Project on Immunology of fascioliasis.Studies on theileria and theileriasis.In vitro cultivation of Thei/aria annulata.Investigation on the biology and contror of Anaplasma.Project on clinical parasitism in livestock.Control of clinical parasitism in :(a) Cattle project(b) Pig project(c) Sheep and goat project(d)Goat for PashminaH.C. Malviya and B. PatnaikG. Subramanian, V.K. Srivastavaand J.C. VermaM.N. Malhotra, R.C. Naithani,G. Subramanian and J.C. VermaN.N. SharmaFacilities are being arranged.B. Patnaik at Divisional level-do-B. Patnaik at Divisional level andV.K. Srivastava at Farm level-do-

87-----~--------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 23Post-Graduate StudiesPS 6.21Host-parasite relationship in bunostomiasis of sheepand goat.V.K. Srivastava (Ph.D Scholar)Kr. S. Singh (Guide)Nuclear Research laboratoryPS 7.1Studies on radiation attenuated vaccine with particularreference to lungworms of sheep and goatsDictyocaulus filaria.H.C. Tewari and P.G. DeoDIVISION OF EPIDEMIOLOGYEP-1EP 1.01EP 1.02EP-2Diseases of large AnimalsStudies on the pattern of mortality in exotic vis-a viscrossbred and indigenous cattle in some organisedfarms.Epidemiological studies on horn cancer in cattle.Communicable Disease SurveillanceEP 2.01 Evaluation of the progress of epizootic diseasecontlol in India.EP-3EP 3.01Young FarmstockEpidemiological study of morbidity and mortalityamong young falmstock.C. Natarajan and Rajendra SinghC. NatarajanS.S. Khera and Jr. Epidemiologist-do-DIVISION OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND SURGERYEMS 1.00 Studies on transplantation of zygote/embryo in goats. 1EMS 1.01 Selection of donor.IEMS 1.02 Superovulation. EMS 1.03 Artificial insemination. IEMS 1.04 Recovery of zygote by surgical technique and non-l A.K. Bhargava. S.C. Das,surgical technique.r I.v. Mogha, N.K. Bhattacharya,EMS 1.05 Preservation of zygote in vivo and in vitro. J.K. Pandey and K.P. AgarwalIEMS 1.06 Synchronization of oestrus in recipient. EMS 1.07 Transfer of zygote-surgical and non-surgical. EMS 1.08 Prenatal and postn~tal observations. I IEMS 1.09 Studies on congenital diseases if any. J

881EMS 2.00EMS 3.00A study of the effects of partial castration on growthrate and meat quality.Transplantation of ureter in rumen for recycling ofurea nitrogen and applied surgical applications.23A.K. Bhargava, A.V. Mogha.N.K. Bhattacharya, B.B. Mohapatraand H.B. JoshiA.K. Bhargava and l.V. MoghaDIVISION OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTSViral VaccinesBP 1.1BP 1.2BP 1.3BP 1.4BP 4.01Studies on BPL inactivated anti-rabic vaccine.Cell propagated rabies vaccine.Studies on tissue culture swine fever vaccine.Stability of Ranikhet disease vaccine.Production of cell culture rinderpest vaccine.Subhash ChandraP MadhusudanK.C. Sinha, R.P. Misra andG. MajumdarY.N. Siddiqui, R.P. Misra andK.C. SinhaY.P. Nanda. T.P. Parai andV.S. VihanBacterial VaccinesBP 2.1BP 2.2Diagnostic AgentsBP 3.1laboratory Animal ProductionBP 5.1BP 5.2H.S. Adjuvant vaccine-Improvement through aeration.Studies on multicomponent clostridial vaccine.Salmonella type specific sera production.Genetic studies in rabbits.Maintenance of inbred lines in mice.S.S. Nangia and M.S. YadavP.C. Harbola and M.C. SantoshiIGopal Narain and I.H. SiddiquiSmt. S. Rawat-do-Post-Graduate StudiesPh.D.Associate IVRIStudies on swine fever.Studies on horse sickness.R.P MisraS. Kumar (Guide)G. MajumdarK.C. Sinha (Guide)DIVISION OF STANDARDIZATION OF VETERINARYBIOLOGICAL PRODUCTSBS-1VirologyBS 1.03BS 1.04Serological studies on rinderpest with a view tostudy the immunity status of the animals.Testing of viral vaccines frem production centres.S.G. Mullick, B.K. Gupta andV.P. SinghB.K. Gupta, V.P. Singh,D.C. Maurya and S.G. Mullick

89BS-21 2BacteriologyBS 2.03 Testing of bacterial vaccines from productioncentres.BS-3BS 3.05BS 3.06BS 3.07ImmunologyStudies on vaccine against pasteurellosis.Studies on certain seruminfection and immunity.factors in relation toStudies on surface fixation test with a view tostandardise it for diagnosis of certain infections inthe field.BS-4 National Collection of Type CulturesBS 4.01BS-6BS 6.02BS 6.03BS 6.05BS 6.06BS 6.07M.V.Sc.BS 6.08BS 6.09BS 6.10Establishment of National Collection of type cultureCentre:(a)(b)VirusesBacteria.Post-Graduate Studies (Ph.D. Scholars)Immunological studies in fowls in relation to gramnegativebacteria (with special reference to Sal.pullorum, Sal. ga/linarum and E. cQli).Studies on the virus specific antigens in rinderpestinfected tissues and in cell cultures.Studies on certain immunological aspects CorynBbacteriumpseudotuberculosis infections in animals.Studies on complement, congl utinin and heterophileantibodies in apparently healthy and infected manand animals.Experimental salmonellosis-Immune response inmice and chickens.Studies on the levels of conglutinin, immunoconglutininsin domestic animals.Studies on cytophilic and opsonin-adhering antibodiesagainst sheep red blood cells.Studies on enterotoxigenic strains of Staphylococcusaureus isolated from man and foodstuffs.3B.K. Gupta, K.R. Mittal, T.N. Jaiswaland D.C. MauryaK.R. Mittal, T.N. Jaiswal andB.K. GuptaK.R. Mitta!, T.N. Jaiswal andD.C. MauryaB.K. Gupta, K.R. Mittal andT.N. JaiswalB.K. Gupta, V.P.Singh, S.G. Mullick,T.N. Jaiswal K.R. Mittal andD.C. MauryaT.N. JaiswalK.R. Mittal (Guide)S.G. MullickSmt. S.P. Ramachandran '(Guide)A.M. JanaK.R. Mittal (Guide)R.N. BhatnagarK.R. Mittal (Guide)V.D. PadmanabhanK.R. Mittal (Guide)M.B. GujarK.R. Mittal (Guide)A.K. SarmahK.R. Mittal (Guide)M.M. SinhaK.R. Mittal (Guide)

901 2 3DIVISION OF VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTHVPH-1VPH 1.04VPH 1.05VPH 1.06Studies on the arterial diseases of domestic animalsSpontaneous lesions in cerebral arteries of buffaloes.Effect of ageing process on the arterial system inbovines.Studies on the role of smooth muscle cells in thehistogenesis of spontaneous arterial lesions byimmuno-histochemical technique.N.P. BhallaN.P. BhallaK.D. Pandey and N.P. BhallaVPH-2.00 Studies on the problems of Zoonotic ImportanceVPH 2.02VPH 2.07VPH 2.08VPH 2.09Studies on rickettsial zoonosis.Studies on pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) amonghuman patients in U.P.Incidence of pyrexia of unknown origin with specialreference to brucellosis in human patients in Calcutta.Studies on the incidence of parasitic infections ofVPH importance in Bareilly district and role ofrodents and meat in their transmission.V.K. Yadava and K.R. MittalS.B. Kulshrestha and H.N. Misra,Medical Officer, IVRI; M.P. Mehrotra,Dept. of Medicine, S.N. MedicalCollege, Agra; J.S. Mathur, MedicalCollege Kanpur, Medical OfficerDist. Hospital, MD NER and Divn.of Bact. & Mycol.G.P. Sen and P.N. KhannaR.K. Garg, V.K. Yadav andK.D. PandeyVPH-3.00VPH 3.02Studies on Mill< and Milk ProductsRole of milk and milk products in the etiology ofdiarrhoea in infants.H.N. MisraVPH-4.00 Studies on Meat and Meat Products and Food ProductsVPH 4.01 Bacteriological studies on meat and meat products V.K. Yadava and S.S. Vermawith special reference to public health aspects.DIVISION OF PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGYPP-7PP 7.02PP-8PP 8.04Pharmacology and Plant ChemistryChemical and pharmacological investigations ofindigenous medicinal plants for their anthelminticactivity.ToxicologySurveillance and monitoring of the residue andtoxicity of organophosphorus pesticides in the feedsand fodders of livestock.M. Sabir, Jawahar Lal, S. Chandra.V.R. Prakash. K.S. Rao andG. SubramanianY.P. Singh, M.S. Sastry andD.C. Shukla

91PP-6Ph.D. ScholarsPP 6.16PP 6.21Post-Graduate StudiesStudies on the pharmacological actions of somedrugs in bovine theileriasis.Chemical investigation on some indigenousmedicinal plants.23L.D. SharmaN.K. Bhattacharyya (Guide)Suresh ChandraM.S. Sastry (Guide)M.V.Sc.PP 6.27PP 6.28Pharmacological study of Lawsonia inermis Linn.Studies on some pharmacological actions of 4'-Fluore-3-(1-Piperodvl) propiophenone withspecial reference to its central muscle relaxantactivity.L.C. LahonN. Singh (Guide)G.K. PatnaikM. Sabir (Guide)DIVISION OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTIONDAR-1DAR 1.1DAR-2DAR 2.1DAR 2.2DAR 2.3DAR-3DAR 3.1Animal GynaecologyStudies on sub-fertility and infertility in bovines.Artificial InseminationStudies on frozen semen and establishment of germplasm centre.Study on freezability and fertilizing ability of bulland buffalo spermatozo2.Operational Research Project on livestockproduction.AndrologyAndrological studies in breeding sires.S.N. Luktuke, L.N. Purbey,S.K. Singh, N.S. Parihar andJ.K. PandeyGajjan Singh, S.K. Singh,M.R. Ansari and N.C. SharmaGajjan Singh, S.K. Singh andM.R. AnsariGajjan Singh, S.K. Singh andM.R. AnsariS.N. Luktuke, L.N. Purbey,N.C. Sharma and D.P. MukherjeeDIVISION OF ANIMAL NUTRITIONAN-1AN 1.09AN 1.11AN 1.13Feed Processing and TechnologyPreparation/manufacture of ready made feed fromurea and molasses impregnated roughages.To devise a simple laboratory model for extracting amajor portion of moisture (added water) hom tomatoand lemon Pomace.Utilization- of protein concentrates obtained fromhydrocarbons by ruminants.M.M. Jayal, S.K. Ranjhan andV.K. JainM.M. Jayal, V.K. Jain andS.K. RanjhanKedar Nath and V. K. Vijjan

921 23AN-2 Cattle and buffalo nutritionAN 2.11AN 2.17AN 2.18Studies on the distribution and metabolism of traceelements. Studies on trace elements with referenceto soil plant and animal relationship.Energy and protein requirements of the growingcrossbred heifers.Qualitative and quantitative estimation of aminoacids composition of feeds and fodders for theevaluation of protein quantity.P.C. Sawhney, S.P.S. Bedi andS.A. KhanD.V.G. Krishna Mohan andS.K. RanjhanC.K. Wahal and K.K. SaxenaAN-3 Sheep and goat nutritionAN 3.08AN 3.09The effect of different dietary energy concentrationsupplied through various roughage to concentrateratios on the mutton production of intensively fedcrossbred lambs.Use of biostimulator in animal production.V.P. Shukla, K.K. Saxena,S.K. Ranjhan and J.D. JoshiB.B. Mohapatra, D.C. Shukla,N.K. Bhattacharya and K.K. SaxenaAN-4AN- 4AN-5Pigs and Laboratory Animal NutritionProject with livestock production on pigs.Rumen Digestion and MetabolismAN 5.20AN 5.24AN 5.25AN 5.26AN 5.27Rumen digestion and metabolism: Studies on theproduction rates of microbial proteins in the rumen.Isolation and characterization of rumen bacteria frombuffalo and cattle.Studies on the incorporation of labelled amino acidsinto muscle proteins of ruminants (kids).Biochemical studies of rumen-micro organisms inrelation to ruminant nutrition.Biochemical studies of rumen-microbes connectedwith rumen microbes rumen metabolism withspecial reference to enzymes; comparative study incattle and buffalo.U.B. Singh and D.N. VarmaR.V.N. Srivastava andS.K. SrivastavaP. Kumar and U.B. SinghY.R. Saxena, Smt. U.R. Mehra andR.V.N. SrivastavaC.K. WahalAN-6Post-Graduate StudiesPh.D. ScholarsAN 6.08AN 6.09Interaction of copper and zinc and its influence. onthe metabolism of major nutrients in growing calves.Biochemical studies on the effect of dietary zincalongwith urea in cattle nutrition.S.K. KhanP.C. Sawhney (Guide)S.P.S. BediP.C. Sawhney (Guide)

93AN 6.11AN 6.23AN 6.25AN 6.26AN 6.27AN 6.27AI\! 6.38AN 6.39AN 6.40MV.Sc.AN 6.43Studi~s on protein, calcium and phosphorus requirementof local ad~lt male sheep for maintenance onwork done under the ICAR Scheme.Response of urea molasses diet as the main sourceof nitrogen and energy for chevon production inbarbari goats.Rumen digestion studies in relation to trace elementscopper and cobalt.Effect of variable caloric density ratios on rumenmetabolism and efficiency of meat production ofMuzaffarnagari lambs.The effect of different dietary energy concentrationsupplied through various roughage to concentrateratio on the mutton production in intensively fedMuzaffarnagari lambs.Utilization of Mahua cake as a cattle feed.Iron, manganese status of soils, plants andanimals, their interaction and effect on othernutrients in ruminants.Effect of different levels of metabolizable energyon the growth. digestion of proximate principlesand balances of nutrients in crossbred calves.Investigation on nutrient utilization for milkproduction.Effect of iron on the digestibility of proximateprinciples and major nutrients in cow calves.2V.P. Shukla3Murari LalU.S. Singh(Guide)K.K. SaxenaS.K. Ranjhan (Guide)D.R. BhatiaS.K. Ranjhan (Guide)Hyder AliS.K. Ranjhan (Guide)Arun VermaU.B. Singh (Guide)K.S. ChillarB.C. Sawhney (Guide)N.C. JoshiK. Nath (Guide)S. RajagopalV.N. Murty (Guide)S.P.D. ChowdhryP.C. Sawhney (Guide)AN 6.44Studies onbuffaloes.input-output relationship in lactatingS. MallikarjunaAN 6.45AN 6.46Studies on the nutritive value of alkali spray treatedwheat straw for cattle.Studies on the rumen fermentation of alkali-spraytreated wheat straw in cattle.S.N. Soundara RaoM.Y. Khan (Guide)A.K. SinhaM.Y. Khan (Guide)NutritionPR 1.06DIVISION OF POULTRY RESEARCHProcessing, analysis and quality control of poultryfeed and feed ingredients.K.K Pal and O.K. Chaturvedi

941 2PR 1.08In vitro evaluation of protein quality of poultry feeds.3T.S. Johri, V.R. Sadagopan andP.V. RaoPR 1.11PR 1.14Nutrient requirements of Japanese quail.Recycling of poultry industrial wastes.P.V. Rao, T.S. Johri,V.R. Sadagopan and K .K. PalB. Panda, P.V. Rao and T.S. JohriGenetics and BreedingPR 2.10PR 2.11PR 2.12Project on poultry for meat.Project on Poultry for egg.Studies on development of sexual maturity andsemen characteristics in W.L. and W.R. cockshatched in different seasons of the year.S.C. Mohapatra, S.P. Sinha,A.P. Pandey, K.K. Pal, Iqbal uddin,S.C. Saxena, R.P. Sharma, S.C. Aryaand S.P. KhareS.C. Mohapatra. V.B. Ayyagari. P.N.Sharma, K. Mohan, Satya Pal,S.D. Ahuja, O.K. Chaturvedi andS.K. AgarwalG.V. RaoPoultry Physiology and ManagementPR 5.08PR 5.09PR 5.10Short time illumination before dawn to stimulateegg production.Effect of cooling on embryo development and subsequentgrowth in broilers.Economics of broiler production.K.C. Tripathi, Iqbaluddinand R.P. SharmaG.V. RaoOK Chaturvedi. K.K. Pal, S.S. Vermaand S.P. KharePoultry Products Technology and MarketingPR 4.11Studies on processing of eggs for production of eggpowder by spray method.T.O. Mahadevan andNagendra SharmaPR 4.12PR 4.13PR 4.14Studies on production and preservation of quail meatand eggs.Studies on pilot plant production of chicken sausage.Studies on effect of cage density on certain economictraits of WL.S.S. Verma, B. Panda andS.K. AgarwalS.S. Verma and B. PandaP.N. Sharma, B. Panda andR.P. Sharmapost-Graduate StudiesPR-6Extension ResearchPR 7.01 Operational Research and Extension.G V. Rao, D.K. Chaturvedi in coUaborationwith Division of Extension.

951 23DIVISION OF ANIMAL GENETICSAG-1AG 1.01P:>pulation Genetics and t\nimal BreedingStudies on effect of rates and levels of inbreeding onincross performance of rribo/ium castaneum.A.D. Narayan and Rajendra KumarAG 1.02AG 1.03AG 1.04Multivariate analysis in the genetics of erythrocytenucleus and spermatozoan head dimensions ofdifferent strains of White Leghorn cocks.Studies on productivity and reproductivity of Indianbreeds of cattle and their crossbreds.Studies on genetic and environmental causes ofvariation in productivity of Indian buffaloes.D.P. Mukherjee. Rajendra Kumarand R.A. SinghalP.N. Bhat. Satish Kumar andH.P. SinghP.N. Bhat and Rajendra KumarAG-2AG 2.1AG 2.11AG 2.12AG 2.13AG 2.14AG 2.15AG 2.2AG-3AG 3.01AG 3.02Immunogenetics, biochemical and physiological geneticsA simultaneous approach to quantitative and qualitativevariation in farm animal research using immunogenetics.biochemical genetics and statisticaltechniques.Studies on blood groups and biochemical polymorphismin Indian cattle and their crossbreds.Genetic studies on enzyme polymorphism in thedomestic farm animals.Role of organic constituents in animal productionand reproduction.Studies on genetic markers in Indian goats.Development and adoption of genetic models tocomputors for statistical treatment of blood groupsand biochemical polymorphism data.Studies. on blood groups and biochemical polymorphismin Indian sheep.Cytogenetic and CytologyCytological and cytogenetic investigation on differentanimals and birds.Genetic studies including polymegaly of spermatozoannucleus length and tail length in Drosophilaspecies.K.J. Eapan. N.D. Khanna, H.P. Singh,H.K. Bhagi and P.N. BhatN.D. Khanna. S.P. Singh andS.N. TandonN.D.Khanna. S.N.Tandon, B.U. Khan,B.G. Katpatal and S.N. KaushikK.J. Eapan. H.K. Bhagi andM.C. SaxenaH.P. Singh.N.D. Khanna. H.P. Singh andPrem Narain (IARS)P.P. Bhat and P.N. BhatB.R. Benjamin and P.P. BhatN.S. SidhuAG 3.03Phenogenetic and cytogenetic studies in poultrygarnets.O.B. Goswami and N.S. Sidhu

961 23AG-4AG-5AG-6Radiation GeneticsDevelopment and Microbial GeneticsPost-Graduate StudiesDIVISION OF PHYSIOLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGYPP-1Animal climatologyPP 1.03PP 1.05Investigations on the zone of thermoneutrality forHaryana and their foreign crosses.Evaluation of thermoadaptability of, crossbredcattle under different geoclimatic conditions.B.C. Joshh Khub Singh andN .K. B hattacharayyaB.C. Joshi, Khub Singh, V.K. Goel,N.K. Bhattacharayya and J.K. PandePP-2Rumen PhysiologyPP 2.03Use of biostimulator in animal production.B.B. Mohapatra and D.C. ShuklaPP-4 Endocrinology (Please see under NRL-Physiology and Endocrinology)PP-6Post-Graduate Studies (Ph.D. Scholars)PP 6.08P P 6.11PP 6.12PP 6.12PP 6.22PP 6.26Studies on the effect of biostimulator feeding ongrowth and metabolism of sheep/goats.Study of upper critical temperature in Hariana andits foreign crosses.Water metabolism in Hariana cattle and their foreigncrosses under different controlled environments.Studies on optimum slaughter weights of barbari andBlack·Bengal goats.Studies on the endocrine aspects of production andreproduction in ruminants.Some studies on superovulation and synchronisationof oestrus in Black Bengal goats.D.C. ShuklaB.B. Mohapatra (Guide)Khub SinghN.K. Bhattacharayya (Guide)S.K. SaxenaB.C. Joshi (Guide)V.A. KulkarniN.K. Bhattacharayya (Guide)V.P. VarshneyJ.K. Pande (Guide)P.M. Sinha (M.V.Sc. Scholar)J.K Pande (Guide)Nuclear Research Laboratory (Physiology and Endocrinology)Project 2Synchronisation of heat and control on the efficiencyof reproduction in farm animals (sheep, goat,buffaloes) (i) Goats.Studies on the thyroid function in relation toclimatic conditions.P.C. Sanwal. J.K. Pandey andV.P. VarshneyJ.K. Pandey, P.C. Sanwal, B.C. JoshiV.P. Varshney, M.M.R. Nasir andN.K. BhattacharayyaProject 4Reproductive dysfunctionand goats (i) Buffaloes.in ruminant buffaloesJ.K. Pandey, M.M.R. Nasir, P.C.Sanwal, V.P. Varshney, K.P. Agarwaland N.I

971 2 3DIVISION OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS TECHNOLOGYLPT 0.1LPT 0.2LPT 0.3LPT 0.4LPT 0.5Effect of nitrite and other factors on the physicochemicalcharacteristics on cured pork.Acids as meat preservatives.Isolation and purification of 'oxytoxin and vasopressin.Isolation and purification of heparin.Economic and s~atistical studies in livestock productionprogramme.N. Sharma. G.S. Bisht andV.N. BachhilN. SharmaB.N. KowaleB.N. KowalaG.S. BishtDIVISION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND FOOD SCIENCEBC 1.01BC 6.05Studies on physico· chemical properties of buffaloblood proteins. III. Immunoglobulins.I nsulin sensitivity of certain blood serum constituentsin buffalo calves.L.N. SinghO.K. Santra (M.V.Sc. Scholar)L.N. Singh (Guide)DIVISION OF EXTENSIONOperational Research ProjectFodder Improvement.on Livestock andLIVESTOCK PRODUCTION RESEARCH FARMSPoultry for Meat1.01 Maintenance and evaluation of purebred strains.1.02 Field testing of promising strains and breed crosses.1.03 Studies on the test crosses of promising strains.Poultry for Egg2.01 Maintenance and evaluation of purebred strains.2.02 Evaluation of test crosses for egg production traits.2.03 Studies on selection for mUltiple objectives in eggtype chickens.Economics of Poultry production3.01 Economics of commercial broiler production."I~ S.C. Mohapatra and co-workersI (PI. referto Project PR 2.10)J1I ~ s.c. Mohapatra and co-workersi (PI. refer to Project PR 2.11)jO.K. Chaturvedi and co-workers(PI. see Project PR 3.10)

98CattleBuffaloPigsGoatSheep2All-India Coordinated Research Project on Cattle.Studies on breeding behaviour and reproductionand production performance in Landrace.Evolving reasonable economic ration for pigs.( i ) Pashmina production(ii) Meat production(iii)Milk productionFor Mutton productionEpidemiological Studies on Foot-and-Mouth Diseaseand Central Typing Laboratory.3B.G. Katpatal and co-workers-do-S.L. Raina, Sukhdeo, A.K. Chhabra,D.K. Agarwal, N.N. Pathak,Oinesh KUmar and P.N. BhatO.K. Agarwal, A.K.Chbabra, Sukhdeo,N.N. Pathak. B.L. Raina,Dinesh Kumar and S.K. RanjhanMukteswar campusMakhdoom campusMakhdoom campusMakhdom campusMukteswar campusREGIONAL RESEARCH CENTRESJVRI Hebbal, Bangalore1.00 Experimental production of foot-and-mouth diseaseinactivated vaccine using baby hamster kidney(BHK 21 ) cell line.S. Kumar, A.K. Sen, S.M. Lall.B.B.L. Mathur, L.D. Misra. S.N. Sahaand S.P. NairIVRI Rawalpora, Sri nagar (J & K)1.02 Studies on the quantitative infections of Diet yocaulusfilaria in lambs.D.N. Ohar and R.L. Sharma1.03Studies on the immune response of young lambs tovaccination with the radiation attenuated D. filariavaccine.D.N. Ohar and R.L. SharmaVPH Unit, IVRI-CalcuttaStudies on sera-epidemiological prevalence of 'Q'fever in Calcutta.G.P. Sen, P.N. Khanna,A.K. Chakravarty and S. RayIVRI Port Blair (Aadaman and Nicobar Islands)Studies on the incidence of common disease spreadinginsects of livestock in the selected villages, andtheir control.M.H. Khan and V.P. Sharma Deorani

99Studies on incidence of common helminthiasisamong economic livestock of selected villages andtheir control.Studies on efficacy of Neguvon for control of stephanofilarialdermatitis under field conditions in selectedislands.23J.R. Rao and V.P. Sharma DeoraniV.P. Sharma Deolani and J.R. RaoIVRI RANRC Palampur (H.P.)RAN-3Improvement of fodder resourcesRAN 3.02 Further studies on the utilization of sparinglysoluble urea derivatives as non-protein nitrogensupplement: Studies on economic utilization of lowgrade roughages for economic feeding animals.RAN 3.04Studies on al9ine pastures (To be planned).S.S. Negi and R.N. Pal5.5. Negi and R.N. PalRAN 4.01Studies on sheep nutrition (To be planned).(Collaborative work with Himachal Pradesh UniversityAgricultural Complex)-Evaluation of forageby in vivo nylon bag technique.5.5. Negi and R.N. PalIVRI Livestock Production Research Farm for Sheep and Goat Research (Makhdoom Campus) Farah.Dist. Mathura. U.P.Studies on the production performance of crossbredsheep for mutton production.Preliminary studies on the production performanceof Jamnapari goats.Studies on the various aspects of reproduction insheep and goats Semen production.Observations on certain vital physiological reactionsof sheep and goats in different seasons-Rectal temperature,pulse and respiration rates.J.D. Joshi and K.L. SahniS.U. Khan and K.L. SahniN.K Sinha and K.L. SahniV.S. Vihan and K.L. Sahni

100THE FOLLOWING OFFICERS WERE IN POSITIONADMINISTRATIONNames and qualifications1Dr. C.M. SinghM.S., Ph. D. (Mich.)Dr. G.L SharmaM.S., Ph.D. (Mich.)VacantShri AS. Verma" A.N. Chadha" A.K. Jagwani" M.D •. Pandey" J.S. Bisht" S.D. Gupta" G.K. Jagwani" H.C. Joshi" B.S. Rawat" Prakash Chandra.. D.C. Saxena" M.K. MukherjeeB.Sc., Dip. Lib. Sci., M.Lib. Sci.Dr. Ravi Chandra, M.V.Sc., Ph.D.DirectorDesignation2Principal-cum-Joint Director(on deputation to Iraq)Administrative OfficerSenior Accounts OfficerDeputy Registrar (Mukteswar)Asstt. Adm. Officer (Cash)Assistant RegistrarAsstt. Adm. Officer (C & E)Accounts OfficerAsstt. Adm. Officer (Stores)Asstt. Adm. Officer (Mukteswar)Accounts Officer (Mukteswar)Asstt. Adm. Officer (P&E)Cost AccountantAsstt. LibrarianOfficer-I n, Charge Training coursesREGIONAL CENTRE, HEBBAL, BANGALOREShri S KrishnamurH" R.P. ShuklaAccounts OfficerAdministrative OfficerList of Scientific StaffDIVISION OF VIROLOGYDr. S. Kumar, M.S., Ph.D. (Up to 25th June, 1975)" R.P. Bansal, B.Sc., M.V.Sc. (Hons.)" S.K. Chawla, M.V.Sc., Ph.D.Shri M.C. Pandey, M.V.Sc.VacantVacantDr. A.K. Pandey, M.V.Sc" Ph.D. (From 11th June, 1 g15JHead, Division of VirologyVirologistVirologist (Tissue culture)Virologist (FMD Vaccine production)Biochemist (Bact. Chemistry)Virologist (S.A.H.S.)Virologist (Sheep Pox)

101•1Shri B.S. Negi, B.Sc., M.V.Sc." I.J. Prasad, B.Sc., M.V.Sc." R.N. Sharma, B.Sc., M.V.Sc." A.C. Goel, M.V.Sc.Dr. P.S.R.C. Murti, M.V.Se., C.Sc. (Hungary)(Upto 23rd June, 1975)Dr. AX. Pandey, M.V.Sc., Ph.D. (Upto 16 June, 1975)Shri R.C. Joshi, B.Sc., M.V.Sc.VacantVacantVacantVacantVacantVacantShri S.K. Das, M.V.Sc." D.C. Shukla, M.V.Sc." O.K. Ray, M.V.Sc.VacantEpidemiological Studies (Foot and Mouth Disease)Dr. S. Kumar, M.S., Ph.D. (Upto 7 June, 1975)" B.U. Rao, M.V.Sc., Ph.D. (From 7th June, 1975)" A. Rai, M.V.Sc., Ph.D. (1 st December, 1975)Shri A.K. Mukhopadhyay, M.V.ScVacantShri B.K. Kathuria, G.V.Sc., Assoc. IVRI.livestock Production ResearchCapt. K.P. Tripathy, B.V.Sc. and A.H.Goat Farm (Pashmina Production)VacantDr. N.K. Mazumdar M.V.Sc .. P.G (Dip), Ph. D. (Edn.)VacantVacantDr. (Mrs.) Asha Mazumdar, M.Sc., Ph.D.VacantVacantShri K.K. Goswami, M.Sc.2,Junior Virologist (FMD V.P.)-do--do--do-Junior Bacteriologist (Leptospirosis)Asstt. Virologist (N.D.)Asstt. Virologist (Rinderpest)Asstt. Virologist (FMD)-do-Asstt. Virologist (FMD V.P.)-do-Asstt. Entomologist (SAHS)Asstt. Research Officer (Biochem.)Senior Research Assistant-do--do--do-Project Co-ordinator-do­Junior Virologist-do­EpidemiologistJunior EpidemiologistCattle Farm ana Calf Rearing UnitSenior ScientistGeneticistJunior Wool TechnologistJunior PathologistJunior NutritionistJunior Goat Husbandry OfficerSenior Research AssistantStatistical Investigation

102Vacant1 2DIVISION OF BACTERIOLOGY AND MYCOLOGY.Head, Division of BacteriologyDr. P.K. Uppal, M.V.Sc., Ph.D., Ph.D. (Cantab.) (From Sep. 1975)" Gajindar Singh, B.Sc, M.V.Sc., Ph.D." S.S. Khera, B.Sc., M V.Sc. (Hons.), Dip. (Bact.), Ph.D." P.K. Uppal. M.V.Sc., Ph.D., Ph.D. (Cantab.)" S.P. Singh, Ph.D. (Leeds)Shri A Sikdar, M.V.Sc. (Upto 18.1.75)" T.P. Joshi, 8.V.Sc. and A.H., Assoc. IVRI." N.C. Srivastava, M.V.Sc.VacantShri K.D. Bhaya (Upto July, 1975).Professor of Veterinary BacteriologistBacteriologist (CB)BacteriologistVirologist (FMD Research)Asstt. Prof. BacteriologistAsstt. Bacteriologist (M.D.)Asstt. BacteriologistAsstt. Bacteriologist (T.B.J.D.)Research Assistant (Slec. Grade)DIVISION OF PATHOLOGYDr. B.S. Rajya, B.Sc., B.V.Sc., MVSc., Ph.D., F.R.V.C.S." G.C. Mohanty, M.V.Sc., Ph.D." C.F. Mataney, G.BVC., M.V.Sc., Ph.D.Shri P.K. Ramachandran, B.Sc., B.V.Sc., M.R.C.V.S.Dr. N.S. Parihar, B.V.S.c, MVSc., Ph.D.VacantVacantVacantVacantDr. R.N. Sharma, B.V.Sc., M.V.Sc., Ph.D.Shri R.L. Sah, B.V.Sc., M.V.Sc." M.L. Mehrotra, M.V.Sc." a.p. Paliwal. B.V.Sc., M.V.Sc.VacantShri S.C. Gupta, M.V.Sc." Kali Charan, M.V.Sc.IIS.C. Mukherjee, MV.Sc." Lal Krishna, M.V.Sc.Head of DivisionProf. of Poultry Pathology(On deputation to Iraq)Disease Investigation Officer (G)-do-Prof. of PathologyPathologistNutrition PathologistPoultry PathologistAsstt. Pathologist (TE)Asstt. Pathologist (G)Asstt. Pathologist (PO)Asstt. Pathologist (PP)Asstt. Disease Investigation Officer(Bacteriology)Asstt. Disease Investigation Officer(Pathology)Asstt. Prof. (Path.)Sr. Research Assistant-do--do--do-

1031 2Dr. K.C. Verma. M.V.Sc .• Ph.D.Shri M.P. Mall. B.Sc .• M.V.Sc... K.N. Kapoor. B.Sc., M.V.P.H.DIVISION OF AVIAN DISEASESc'VirologistScientific CI. 11 OfficerSr. Research AssistantDIVISION OF PARASITOLOGYDr. (Kr.) Suresh Singh. M.Sc., Ph.D., D.Sc.Shri B. Patnaik. G.B.V.C .• D.V.P .• M.Sc.Dr. N.N. Sharma, M.Sc .• Ph.D.Shri H.C. Tewari, M.V.Sc., Ph.D.Dr. A.S. Thakur, M.V.Sc., Ph.D.Shri S.C. Srivastava, M.Sc.Dr. P.G. Deo. M.Sc., Ph.D." G. Subramanian, M_Sc., Ph.D." H.C. Malviya, M.Sc., Ph.D.Shri M.N. Malhotra, M.V.Sc." V.K. Srivastava, M.V.Sc." R.C. Nathani, M.A., M.Sc." J.C. Verma, M.V.Sc." M. H. Khan. M.Sc." Ramji Lal Sharma, M.V.Sc.Mrs. Rizwana Moin. M .Sc.Head. 0 ivision of Parasitology (Presentlyon deputation as Expert with Iraq Govt.)Parasitologist (Extn.)Prof. of ParasitologySr. Scientific Officer (I.V.)Helminthologist (Left in February. 1975)EntomologistAsstt. Scientific Officer (I.V.)Asstt. Prof. of ParasitologyJunior ScientistAsstt. ParasitologistAsstt. EntomologistAsstt. BacteriologistS.R.A. (Left for Port Blair)S.R.A. (Transferred to Srinagar)S.R.A.DIVISION OF EPIDEMIOLOGYDr. S.S. Khera, B.Sc., M.V.Sc., Ph.D., Dip. Bact. (London)VacantDr. C. Natarajan, M.V.Sc., Ph.D., M.P.H.VacantVacantVacantVacantVacant (1)Vacant (2)VacantVacant-do-Head, Division of EpidemiologyProfessor of EpidemiologyEpidemiologist (Large Animal)Epidemiologist (Small Animals)Epidemiologist (Wild Life)Epidemiologist (Poultry)B iostatisticianAsstt. Professor of Epidemiorogy-do-Junior EpidemiologistJunior Epidemiologist (Large Animals)

10412VacantVacantVacantVacantVacantJunior Epidemiologist (Small Animals)Junior Epidemiologist (Wild Life)Junior Epidemiologist (Poultry)Junior Biostatistician- (1 )Junior Biostatistician-(2)DIVISION OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE & SURGERYVacantDr. AK. Bhargava, M.S., PhD ..VacantVacantVacantVacantVacantVacantVacantVacantVacantVacantVacantVacantVacantVacantShri I.V. Mogha, M.V.Sc.VacantVacantVacantVacantShri S.C. Das, M.V.Sc-.Head of DivisionProf. of SurgeryAssociate Prof. MedicineAsstt. Prof. MedicineAsstt. Prof. SurgeryResearch Officer (Exp. Med. Large animalsCattle. Buffaloes, Horse)Research Officer (Clinical Medicine)Jr. Research Officer (Exp. Med. Sheep,goats, pigs.)Junior Research Officer (Lab. animals)Jr. Research Officer (Clinical Medicine)Jr. Res. Officer (Medicine)Research Officer (Operative Surgery)Res. Officer (Surgery)Jr. Res. Officer (Operative Surgery)Jr. Res. Officer (Orthopaedic Surgery)Jr. Res. Officer (Radio-diagnosis, Radiotherapy)Sr. Research Assistant-do­Anaesthesia AssistantJr. Research Officer (Histery of tyled. &Surgery)Jr. Research Officer (Natural history ofdiseases)Veterinary Officer

IDS1 2DIVISION OF VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTHDr. P.N. Khanna, B.V.Sc. & A.H., D.V M •• C.Sc. (Hung.)Shri N.P. Bhalla. M.V.Sc.Dr. C.C.P. Rao. M.V.Sc .• Ph.D." G.P. Sen, B.Sc., M.V.Sc., Ph.D." 5.5. Ghosh, M.V.Sc., Ph.D." S.B. Kulshrestha. B.Sc., M.V.Sc., Ph.D.Shri H.N. Misra. B.Sc., M.V.Sc." V.K. Yadava, M.V.Sc.Dr. M.C. Prasad. M.V.Sc., Ph.D.Prof. of Veterinary Public Health, IVRIUnit. Calcutta.Pathologist (Biomedicine)Becteriologist (Milk & Milk Products)upto 8.7.75Bacteriologist (Food Hygiene). I V R IUnit, CalcuttaJr. Bacteriologist (Zoonosis)upto 6.5.75Jr. Bacteriologist (Milk & Milk Products)Jr. Bacteriologist (Food Hygiene)Jr. Pathologist Bio-medicine upto25.4.75DIVISION OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTSShri K. C. Sinha, G.B.V.C. Assoc. IVRI" P.C. Gangulee, B.Sc. (Zool), G.V. Sc." Roshan Lal, M.V.Sc." Y.P. Nanda, M.V.Sc." P. Madhusudan. B.V.Sc., Assoc. IVRIDr. (Mrs) S. Rawat, M.Sc., Ph.D.Shri SlJbhash Chandra, M.V.Sc." M.L. Ahuia, M.V.Sc." S.S. Jawa, L.V.P." S.S. Nangia, L.V.P. (Upto 3/75).. Gopal Narain, M.V.Sc." R.P. Misra, M.V.Sc." M.C. Santoshi. M.V.Sc." P.C. Harbola, M.V.Sc." G. Majumdar, B.Sc., G.V.Sc." H.S. Mehta, G.V.Sc." M.S. Yadav, M.V.Sc.III.H. Siddiqui, M.V.Sc." T.P. Parai, M.V.Sc." V.S. Vihan, M.V.sc." Krishna Pratap. M.V.Sc.-do-Head, Division of Biological ProductsSerologistBacteriologistVirologist (TC)Virologist (R)Animal Breeder (LAH)Jr. Virologist (R)Jr. R.C. (LAH)Asstt. SerologistAsslt. BacteriologistAsstt. Virologist-do--do-Asstt. BacteriologistScientist CI IISr. Research Assistant-do--do--do--do--do-

1061Shri O.P. Gupta, M.V.Sc." V.N. Bachhil, M.V.Sc. (Upto 4/75)" Y.N. Siddiqui. M.v.Sc.DIVISION OF STANDARDISATIONDr. K.R. Mittal, M.V.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D.Dr. (Mrs) Sukkubai, P. Ramachandran, B.V.Sc. & A.H.,M.Sc.(Vet), Ph.D.Dr. B.R. Gupta, B.V.Sc. & A.H., Assoc. IVRI, Ph.D.Shri T.N. Jaiswal, B.Sc., M.V.Sc." V.P. Singh, M.V.Sc." S.G. Mullick, B.V.Sc., & A.H., M.Sc. (Vet.)" D.C. Maurya, M.V Sc.BacteriologistVirologist (on long leave since 5-9-75)Jr. Scientist (Enterobacteriaceae)Asstt. Bacteriologist (Type Culture)Asstt. VirologistAsstt. ImmunologistSr. Research AssistantDIVISION OF ANIMAL NUTRITIONDr. S.K. Ranjhan, M.V.Sc . Ph D." V.N. Murty, M.Sc., Ph.D." P.C. Sawhney, M.Sc., Ph D." U.B. Singh, M.V.Sc., Ph.D." Kedar Nath M.Sc .. Ph.D." Y.R. Saxena, M.Sc., Ph.D.P. Kumar, M.V.Sc, Ph D." R.V.N. Srivastava, M.V.Sc , Ph.D.Shri B.K. Sharma" M.M. Jaya(, B.Sc. (Ag.), Assoc. IVRI" U.R. Kapoor, M.Sc., Ph.D." B.C. Joshi, M.Sc.Dr. C.K. Wahal, M.Sc. (Ag.), Ph.D.Shri S.P.S. Bedi, M.Sc." M.Y. Khan, B.Sc., M.V.Sc." V.P. Shukla, B.Sc. (Ag.), Assoc. IVRI" Arun Verma, M.v.Sc." S.J. Daniel, B.Sc., Assoc. IVRIDr. Gopal Krishna, M.V.Sc., Ph.D." NoN. Pathak, M.V.Sc., Ph.D.2Sr. Research Assistant-do--do-Head of DivisionAnimal NutritionistBiochemistSenior Scientific OfficerBiochemist (Org. Chem.)Biochemist (A.C.)Asstt. Sci. OfficerJr. MicrobiologistHealth PhysicistJr. Scientist (Feeds)Jr. Nutritional (Patho.)Asstt. Animal NutritionistAsstt. BiochemistJr. BiochemistAsstt. ProfessorAsstt. Feed Tech.Jr. ScientistAsstt. Animal NutritionistPool Officer-do-

10'71Shri K.K. Saxena, M.Sc." S.A. Khan, M.Sc., Dip. Stat." Q.Z. Hassan, M.Sc." V.K. Jain, M.Sc." S.K. Srivastava, M.V.Sc.Dr. V.K. Vijjan, M.Sc., Ph.D.Shri D.V.G. Krishnamohan, M.V.Sc." D.N. Verma, M.V.Sc.Dr. (Miss) Urmila Chetal. M.Sc., Ph.D.DIVISION OF POULTRY RESEARCHDr. 6. Panda" S.C. MohapatraShri G.V. RaoDr. P.V. RaoS.P. Sinha" V.R. Sadagopan" T.D. MahadevanShr; A.K. Pal" A. P. Pande" A. Veerbhadrudu" SV.S. Verma" P.N. Sharma" S.P. Khare" M. Kuppuswamy.. Satya PalDr. O.K. Chaturvedi" D.P. GulatiShri S.D. Ahuja" S.S. Verma" T.S. JohriDr. IqbaluddinShri R.P. Sharma" S.C. Saxena" S.C. Arya" K.C. Tripathi" N. Sripathy" S.K. Agarwal2Sr. Research Assistant-do--do--do--do--do--do--do--do-Head, Division of Poultry ResearchProject Coordinator' (Poultry)Poultry BreederPoultry NutritionistPoultry GeneticistAssociate Prof. of Poultry NutritionAssociate Prof. of Poultry TechnologyJunior Poultry NutritionistJunior Poultry PathologistJunior Poultry GeneticistJunior Poultry NutritionistFarm ManagerJunior StatisticianJunior Poultry PatholqgistJunior StatisticianJunior Poultry NutritionistJunior Poultry PhysiologistAssistant Poultry BreederAssistant Poultry TechnologistAssistant Poultry NutritionistAssistant Poultry BreederSr. Research Assistant-do­Assistant Virolo'gistSr. Research AssistantSenior TechnicianSenior Research Assistant

1081 2DIVISION OF PHYSIOLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGYDr. N.K. Bhattacharyya, B.Sc., B.V.Sc. & A.H., M.V.Sc.Ph.D., D.Phil. (Oxon.)" B.B. Mahapatro, B.V.Sc. & A.H .• M.S .• Ph.D." B.C. Joshi, B.V.Sc. & A.H., Ph.D.J.I(' Pande, M.V.Sc .• Ph.D." P.C. Sanwal, M.V.Sc .• Ph.D." H.B. Joshi. B.V.Sc .• M.V.Sc .• Ph.D.Shri Khub Singh. M.V.Sc." D.C. Shukla, M.V.Sc.Dr. M.M. Raza Nasir, M.Sc., Ph.D." V.K. Goel. M.V.Sc., Ph.D.Shri V.P. Varshney, M.V.Sc." K. P. Agarwal, M.V.Sc.DIVISION OF PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGYDr. N.K. Bhattacharyya. B.Sc .• B.V.Sc. & A.H .• M.V.Sc .•Ph.D., D.PhiJ. (Oxon )" M.S. Sastry, M.V.Sc., Ph.D." M. Sabir. M.V.Sc." Jawahar Lal, M.Sc., D.Phil.Shri Narinder Singh. M.V.Sc." Y.P. Singh. M.V.Sc." Suresh Chandra. M.Sc." V. Raviprakash. M.V.Sc." K.S. Rao, M.V.Sc.Head of DivisionAnimal PhysiologistAnimal ClimatologistSenior Scientific OfficerAsstt. Scientific OfficerAsstt. ProfessorAsstt. Animal ClimatologistAsstt. Animal PhysiologistAsstt. Prof. PhysiologyScient1fk: Officer IISenior Resear

1092Shri Harpreet Singh, M.V.Sc." Satish Kumar, M.V.Sc." A.D. Narayan, M.V.Sc., M.Sc. (Edn.)" O.B. Goswami, M.V.Sc." M.C. Saxena, M.V.Sc... H.K. Bhagi, M.V.Sc." Rajendra Kumar, M.V.Sc." S.N. Tandon, M.V.Sc.DIVISION OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTIONShr; S.N. Luktuke-, GBVC (Bom.), Assoc. IVRI, FRVCS (Sweden)Dr. Gajjan Singh, GMVC, B.V.Sc.,. M.Sc., Ph.D.Shri L.N. Purbey, M.V.Sc." S.K. Singh, M.V.$c." M.R. Ansari. M.V.So.Animal GynaecologistArtifioial Insemination OfficerAsstt. Prof. of GynaecologyAsstt. Animal GynaecologistSr. Research AssistantDIVISION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND FOOD SCIENCEDr.L.N. Singh, Ph.D.Shri Ashok Kumar, M.V.Sc.Asstt. Prof. of BiochemistrySenior Research AssistantDIVISION OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGYDr. K.C. Sinha, G.i3?V.c., Assoc. IVRIShri N. Sharma, M.V.Sc." V.N. Bachhil. M.V.Sc.Dr. B.N. Kowale. M.Sc .• Ph.D·.Shri G.S. Bisht, M.Sc. (Math.), M.Sc. (Stat.)Head of DivisionJr. Meat TechnologistJ.R.O. (Meat Inspection)J.R.O. (Glandular by-Products)J.R.O. (Livestock Farm Management).Asstt. ImmunogeneticistA.A.G. (Biometry)Pool OfficerSenior Research Assistant-do--do--do--do-DIVISION OF EXTENSIONDr. O.N. Kunzru, B.So., B.V.Sc. & A.H., M.S., Ph.D.Head of DivisionShri S.B. Lal, B.V.Sc. & A.H., M.R.C.V.S.Extension Specialist (Animal Healtli)Dr. P.N. Kaul. B.Sc., B.V.Sc. & AH., M.Sc. (V.M. & AH.), Ph.D. Extension Specialist (Animal Production)Shri S.C. Sharma (on leave since 16.9.74)Jr. Extension SpecialistB.Sc., B.V.Sc. 8- A.H., M.Sc. (Agri. Extn.)Vacant--do-VacantAsstt. Extension SpecialistVacant--do-

1101 2LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION RESEARCH (POULTRY)Or. S.C. MohapatJa" S.P. SinhaShri K.K. Palu. A.P. PandeuA. Veetbhadrudl1... P.N. Sharma" S.P. Khare" Mohan Kuppuswam))... Satya PalDr. O.K. Chaturvedi.Shri S.D. Ahujaf!)r:.IqbalucldinShri R.P. Sharma.u. S.C. SaxenaLIVESTOCK PROt>UCTlON RESEARCH(PfGS)Dr. B.l. Raina'VacantDr. O.K. AgarwalVacantShri A.K. Chhabra.. Sukh Deo" B.S. Sharma (Relieved to join New Assignment of Shillong)" Dinesh KumarProject Coordinator (Poultry Breeding)Poultry GeneticistJr. Poultry NutritionistJr. Poultrv PathologistJr. Poultry GeneticistFarm ManagerJr. StatisticianJr. Poultry PathologistJr. SatisticianJr. Poultry NutritionistJr. ScientistAsstt. Poultry BreederSenior Research Assistant-do-(rn colfaboratrott with staff of P.R. Division)Project Coordinator (Pigs)Animal Geneticist (Pigs)Junior Pork TechnologistAsstt. Manager (Pigs)Senior Research Assistant-do­Junior StatisticianStatistical rnvestigatorLIVESTOCK PROOUCnON RESEARCH (CATTLE)Dr. B.G. Katpatal" S.N. Kaushik.. R.C. KatiyarShri S.K. ChattopadhyayaVacantShri N.C. SharmaVacantProject Coordinator (AS)Anima. Geneticist (Cattle)Jr. NutritionistJ~.PathologistJr. Reproductive Physio·PathologistAsstt. Gynaecologist·CUfll-V.O.Asstt. Statistician

11'12VacantVacant (Two)Shri R A. Shinghal" R.e. Garg" L.P. NautiyalVacant (One)Shri H.N. Pandey" R.P. Verma" B.B. SrivastavaVacantDairy ManagerScientistJr. StatisticianJr. ProgrammerJr. Research OfficerStatistical InvestigatorDairy Farm SuperintendentSenior Research Assistant-do­Research Asstt. (Stat.)Research Project on Bovine Lymphosarcoma/Leukemia, particularly in Indian buffaloesDr. K.P. Singh, M.V.Sc., Ph.D."M.P .. Bansal, M.V.S9., Ph.D.PathologistVirologistF!EGIONAL STATrON-F.M.D. RESEARCH LABORATORY, BANGALOREDr. S. Kumar, B.V.Sc. & A.H., M.S., Ph.D." S.M. Lal, Ph.D.Shri A.K. Sen, M.V.Sc."•"".B.B.L. Mathur, M.V.Sc.L.D. Misra, M.V.Sc.A.K. Mukhopadhyay, M.V.Sc.E3.K. Kathuria, G.B.Vc.R.P. ShuklaS. KrishnamurtvJoint Director-Cum-Officer InchargeVirologist~ .... -do-\.,-do-Lo... ,-do--do-Jr. ScientistAdministrative OfficerAccounts OfficerREGIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE, SRJNAGAR (J & K)Dr. D.N: Dhar, B.Sc., M.V.Sc., ph.D.Shri R.L. Sharma, M.V.Sc.VacantVacantVacantSenior Scientist & Incharge(Joined from 8.9.75)Junior SCientist (Parasitology)(Joined on 18.12.75)Junior Scientist (Para)Junior Scientist (Path.)Junior Scientist (BacterioI09V)

112REGIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE. PORT BLAIR (ANDMAN & NICOBAR)2Shri V.P. Sharma Decrani" M.H. Khan" JR RaoHelminthologistJunior EntomologistSenior Research AssistantREGIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE, PALAMPUR (H.P.)Dr. S.S. Negi, M.Sc., Ph.D.Shri R.N. Pal, B.Sc., M.V.Sc •• Assoc. IVRIAnimal NutritionistJunior Animal NutritionistPROMOTIONS & APPOINTMENTS DURING 1.975.CLASS f(Dr. S.S. Kl'leraIIIIM.P. Bansa'S.M. LalB.U. RaoShri A.K. SenAK. Pan deDr. A.K. BhargavaSurendra Kumar"Shri A.S. VermaDr. P.K. Uppal,. D.N. DharShri K.C. VermaDr. Anant RaiK L. Sawhnev26.3.753.6.759.6.759.6.1516.6.7517.6.7519.7.754.7.7514.8.753.9.758.9.7525.10.751.12.754.12.75Head, Divisiot..- of' EpidemioH,gy'Virologist P.L. 480Virologist. BangaloreProject Coordinator (Epidemiologica'studies)Virologist- BangaloreVirologist (Sheep .pox)Prof. of SurgeryJt. Director, BangaloreSenior Accounts Officer (on deputation)Prof. of BacteriologySenior Scientist, Kashmir"Virologist/rmmunopathologistVirologistSenipr Scientist. Makhdoom FarmDr. G. Subramaniall'Shd 5.5. JawaDr. (Mrs.) Usha Rani M'eflr~JUNIOR CLASS13.6.7525.7.769.1.75Promoted as Jr. Scientist against thepost of J.R.O. (Livestock by-P'roducts)Promoted as Jr. Scientist against thepost of Jr. Pathologist. "Promoted as Jr. Scientist against thepost of Jr. Nutritional Pathologist!

113THROUGH SELECTION COMMITTEE.Shri Nagendra SharmaA K. MukhopadhyayDr B.N. KowaleShri M.H. Khan, SRARamji Lal Sharma" ·V.N. Bachhil21.2.751.3.7510.4.7511.9.7518.12.75Appointed as Jr. Meat TechnologistJr. Virologist, BangaloreJunior Research Officer (Glandular ByeProducts)Jr. Entomologist, AndamanJr. Scientist, KashmirJr. Scientist against the post of J.R.O.(Meat Inspection)Shri K.D. BhayaCLASS II31.7.75Promoted as Scientific Class II Officeragainst the post of Asstt. Helminthologist.Shri S.D. GuptaON DEPUTATION11.11.75Accounts OfficerOFFICERS RELIEVED DURING 1975Dr. A.S. Thakur, HelminthologistShri M.C. Prasad, Jr. Path. (Biomedicine)Shri B.S. Sharma, Jr. StatisticianDr. S.S. Ghosh, Jr. Bact. (Zoonosis)Shri A.R. BhattacharyyaDr. P.S.R.C. Murti, Jr. Bacteriologist (LePtospirosis)" C.C.P. Rao, Bacteriologist (Milk & Milk Products)Shri Asim Sikadar, Asstt. Bact. (M.D.)Resigned from 7.3.75 (A.N.)Relieved for the after-noon of 25.4.75(A.N.) to join the post of Animal Scintist(Disease Control), I CAR ResearchComplex, Shillong.Relieved w.e.t. the after-noon of 25.4.75to join the post of Statistician. ICARResearch Complex, Shillong.Relieved w.e.f. the after-noon of 6.5.75to join the Crass I post of Animal Scientist,ICARResearch Complex, Shillong.Relieved w.eJ. the after-noon of 6.5.75to join the post of An. Scientist (AnimalProd.). ICAR Research Complex, Shillong·Relieved w.e.f. the after-noon of 23.6.75to join his new appointment as AnimalScientist (Disease Control), ICARResearch Complex, Shillong.Relieved w.e.f. the after-noon of 8.7.75to join as Senior Bacteriologist CentralInstt. of Fisheries Unit, Kakinda,Ernakulum.Relieved from the after-noon of 10.11.75to join as Scientist (Disease Control),ICAR Research Complex, Andaman.

1. Dr. G.L. Sharma, Principal-cum-Joint Director114DEPUTATION ABROAD2. " (Kr.) Suresh Singh, Head of Division of Parasitology3. " G.C. Mohanty. Professor of Poultry Pathology1remained on deputation to Govt. ofI Iraq.4. " D.P. Gulati, Junior Poultry Physiologist was deputed to Japan for advanced training on PoultryPhysiology, under UNDP/SF for six months from 3.1.19755. " D.N. Dhar, Senior Scientist, Srinagar. was deputed to U.K. for advanced training on use of radioisotopesin veterinary parasitology (vaccine production), under UNDPjlAEA Fellowship Programmefor three months, w.e.f. 27.1.1975.6. " P.K. Uppal, Virologist. proceeded to Denmark for advanced study on immunology. under DanishGovt. scholarship for one year w.e.f. 18.1.1975.7. Shri Asim, Sikdar Assistant Bacteriologist, proceeded to Denmark for advanced study Mycoplasma underDanish Govt. Scholarship, for one year w.e.f. 18.1.1975.8. Elr. K.C. Verma. Assistant Bacteriologist, was deputed to Australia for advanced training on diagnosis andcontrol of poultry diseases under Colombo Plan for 11 weeks w.e.f. 20.3.1975.9. " U .B. Singh, Senior Scientific Officer, was deputed to U.K .• Belgium and FRG for advanced trainingstudytour on nuclear research in agriculture. under UNDP/IAEA. for 6 weeks w.e.f. 6.5.1975.10. " J.K. Pandey. Senior Scientific Officer, was deputed to U.S.A., U.K. and F.R.G. for advanced trainingstudytour on nuclear research in agriculture, under/IAEA for 11 weeks w.e f. 27.5.1975.11. " B.G. Katpatal, Project Coordinator, AICRP (AS) was deputed to Poland, to attend the meeting ofFAa Working Group on International Collaboration in the field of Breed Comparison and Crossbreeding.under FAa Programme, for two days. w.e.f. 27.6.1975.J

ANNUAL REPORT1976

CONTENTSPage NoANNUAL REPORT FOR THE YEAR 19761. Introduction2. Objective3. Organisational Set up4. International Collaboration in Research5. Distinguished Visitors6. Fellowship/Studentship7. Awards8. Concession for Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes candidates9. Finances10. Summary of Divisional Reports:t,111456881215DWJSJONA! REPORTS11. Division of Virology12. Division of Bacteriology and Mycology13. Division of Pathology14. Division of Biological Products15. Division of Standardisation16. Division of Avian Diseases17. Division of Expt. Med. & Surgery18. Division of Pharmacology a- Toxicology19. Division of Vety. Public Health20. Division of Animal Genetics21. Division of Animal Reproduction22. Division of Animal Nutrition23. Division of Poultry Research24. Division of Physiology & Climatology25. Division of Extension26. Division of Livestock Products Tech.27. D;vision of Biochemistry Et Food Science28. Division of Livestock Prod. Research (Cattle)29. Division of Livestock Prod. Research (Poultry)30. Division of Livestock Prod. Research (Pigs)31. Regional Research Centre (Bangalore)32. Regional Research Centre (Srinagar)33. Regional Research Centre (Palampur)34. Regional Research Centre (Calcutta)35. Regional Research Centre (Port Blair)36. Research Publications37. Technical Sections38. Seminars/Conferences etc.39. list of Research Project for 197740. List of Administrative/Scientific Staff41. Changes in Staff42. Deputations/Training abroad in 1976212728363838404142-4347485051525253:545557575960636365707273891011·04

ANNUAL ]REPORTOFINDIAN VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTEIZATNAGAR/MUKTESWARjMAKHDOOMAND ITS REGIONAL RESEARCH STATIONS,BANGALORE, CALCUTTA, PALAMPUR. PORT BLAIRAND SRINAGARThe Indian.- Veterinary Reseilrch Institute has the distinction of being the premier research centre inveterinary science and animal husbandry in the country. Having made a modest beginning in December, 1889,it has attained the stature of an Institute of National Importance. It now comprises three campuses and fiveregional research stations. The research contributions of the Institute in augmenting livestock health, productionand technology have received world-wide recognition.OBJECTIVESTo conduct basic and applied research on all aspects of livestock health, production and technology, toimpart post-graduate education including extension education, to develop technological knowhow andveterinary biologicals, and provide expert advice in veterinary and animal husbandry matters.ORGANIZATIONAL SET UP OFINDIAN VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTEDuring the 4th and 5th Five Year Plan periods, the research, teaching and extension activities of theInstitute have been intensified in augmenting livestock health production and technology. These are carried outin the various DIVisions/Sections and special projects involving divisional, inter-divisional, inter-institutional andInternational Collaboration. The Institute now comprises three campuses at Izatnagar, Mukteswar andMakhdoo~. 22 Research Divisions, a Post Graduate College of Animal Sciences, 6 major Livestock ProductionResearch Projects and 5 Regional Research Stations. The divisions/sections/projects etc. are groupedas follows:GROUP-I1. Livestock HealthDivision of :( i) Virology(ii) Bacteriology and Mycology(iii) Pathology(iv) Parasitology(v) Epidemiology(vi) Biological Products(vii) Standardization of Veterinery Biological Products(viii) Avian Diseases(ix) Experimental Medicine and Surgery-

2Sect~on of:( i ) Registry of Animal Pathology(ii) Immunology2. Veterinary Public Health( i) Unit of Veterinery Public Health, All India tflstitute of Hygiene a Public Health, Calcutta(ii) Division of Veterinary Public Health. Izatnagar3. Livestock ProductionDIvision of :( i) Animal Genetics(ii) Animal Reproduction(iii) Animal Nutrition(iv) Physiology and Climatology(v) Poultry Research(vi) laboratory Animal ResearchSection of :( i) Population Genetics4.. Livestock Technologv( i) livestock Products Technology(ii)(a) Meat and Meat Products(b) Poultry and Poultry Products(c) Milk and Milk ProductsCd) Fish and Fish Products(e) Slaughter House BY-ProductsBio-engineering and Instrumentation5. Basic and Social SciencesDivision of :( i) Bio-chemistry and Food Science(ii) livestock Economics and Statistics(iii) Extension EducationSection of:( i) Bio-physics and Electron Microscopy(ii) Foreign languages(iii) library ScienceGROUP-II(A) Livestock Production Research( i) livestock Production Research on Cattle, IZIItnagar(ii) Livestock Production Research on Buffalo, Izatnagar(iii) livestock Production Research on Poultry. Izatnagar(iv) Livestock Production Research on Pigs, Izatnagar(v) Livestock Production Research on Sheep, Makhdoom

(vi)Livestock Production Research on Goat, MakhdQoM,(a) For milk Makhdoom(b) For Meat -do..,...(c) For Pashmina Mukteswar(8) EpIdemiological Studies on Foot and Mouth disease(C)(D)Operational Research Project on(i ) livestock and Fodder Improvement at Rithoura, Bareilly.(ii) Sheep and Goat Production, MakhdoomGROUP-IIIRecvcl'ing of Animal Organic Waste for Livestock Productian, /z{Jtnaga1.POST-GRADUATE EDUCATIONPost-Graduate Education and training have been completely Integrated with the respective Divisions. Thefollowing professorships, besides Associate Prefessors and Assistant Professers, have been provided in varioussubjects :-1. Virology2. Bactoriology3. Immunology4. Pathology5. Poultry Pathology6. Veterinary Public Health7. Epidemiology8. Parasitology9. Surgery10. '~ynaecology11. Animal Nutrition12. Poultry SCience13 Animal Genetics14. Population Genetics15. PhysiologV16. Pharmacology17. Biechemistry18. Livestock Products TechnologyGROUP-IVREGIONAL RESEARCH STATIONS1. Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Vaccine Laboratory, Hebbal, Bangalore (Karnataka).2. Veterinary Public Health Unit at All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Chittaranjan Avenue,Calcutta.3. Regional Animal Nutrition Research Centre, Palampur (H. P.).4. Regional Research Centre, Port Blair (Andaman and Nicobor ISland).5. Irradiated Lungworm Vaccine Laboratory, Rawalpura. Srinagar (J & K).6. National Goat Research Centre, Makhdoom.

For smooth functioning of the Research Divisions and Livestock Production Farms, there are administrativeand supporting sections, viz. Administration and Accounts, Libraries, Engineering Estate Farms, Medicaland Veterinary.INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION1. Nuclear Research Laboratories (UNDPjIAEA)( i) Irradiated Lungworm Vaccine Laboratory, Izatnagar(i i) Irradiated Lungworm Vaccine Laboratory, Sri nagar (J & K)(iii)(iv)Physiology and Endocrinology, IzatnagarNutrition and Metabolism, Izatnagar2. Centre of Excellence for Advanced Studies of Poultry Production. Izatnagar (UNDP/UNICEF).3. WHO/FAO Centre of Brucellosis, Izatnagar.4. PL-480 Project (USDA Project) on(i) Bovine lymphosarcoma/Leukemia particularly in Indian Buffaloes, Izatnagar (Successfully completed).(ii)Etiopathological and Epidemiological studies on Bovine Lyphosarcoma with special reference toIndian Buffaloes, Izatnagar (approved as replacement project).5. Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Vaccine Laboratories at IVRI. Regional Research Station, Hebbal Bangalore(Indo-Danish Project).6. IVRI Veterinary Public Health Unit, All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health Calcutta in collaborationwith W. H. O.INTER-INSTITUTIONAL COLLABORATION~. Post-Graduate Education and Research in Veterinary Public Health in collaboration with All India Instituteof Hygiene & Public Health, Calcutta and IVRI, V. P. H. Unit at All India Institute of Hygiene & PublicHealth, Calcutta.2. Sheep Disease in collaboration with Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, and IVRI,Izatnagar.3. 'Pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO)' among human patients in collaboration with S. N. Medical College, Agra,G. S. V. M. Medical College, Kanpur and IVRI, Izatnagar.4. 'Population census and survey of infections in rhesus monkeys' (and human langurs) in collaborationwith Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta and IVRI, Izatnagar.

5DISTINGUISHED VISITORS1. Sri Jagjivan Ram2. Dr. N. Balsubrahmanyan3. Dr. S. N. Ray4. Dr. P. C. C. Garnham5. Dr. E. J. L. Soulsby6. Dr. A. B. Sen7. Sri Ram Hedace8. Sri Shyama Prasnna Bhattacharyya9. Sri M. S. Purty10. Smt. B. G. Goswami11. Sri N. E. Hore12. Sri J. D. Gupta13. Sri S. K. Sharma14. Sri N. K. Mukherjee15. Sri Jagdish Bhattacharyya16. Srr S. B. Pati!17. Dr. Tatssugukisueuki18. Mr. O. H. Frankel19. Mr. Joseph C. Medamba20. Mr. Masooera-wa-Runiga21. Mr. M. Jhonsen22. Mr. Nguyen Van Sinh23. Sri Shahnawaz Khan24. Sri N. Chikke Gowda25. Sri B. G. Banakar26. Sri, B. G. Devendrappa27. Sri H. R. Arakeri28. Dr. C. Krishna Rao29. Dr. M. N. Menon30. Dr. K. Baggo31. Dr. K. Phillips32. Mrs. G. Phillips33. Dr. Palle Kolbe34. Dr. Klaus Nyholm35. Mr. Akira Kajita36. Mr. Tatsuzuki37. Dr F. Sorensen38. Dr. M. Jhonsen39. Dr. C. C. Aikman40. Dr. M. S. SwaminathanHan. Min. of .Agri & Irrigation, Govt. of India.Director, Central Research Institute, Kasauli (H. P.)Dy.r Director, National Institute of Communicable Diseases,Delhi.Imperial College of Science, London SW-7, U. K.University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, U. S. A.Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow.Member of Parliament-do--do--do--do-S. O. Deptt. of Parliamentary Affairs.Acting Chief PRO I. C. A. R., New Delhi.Liaison Officer (Parl.), Min. of Agri. & Irrigation, New Delhi.Member of Parliament-do-Ministry Agriculture and Forestry, Govt. of Japan, Tokyo.Division of Plant Industries, CSI RO, Canberra City, Australia.Philipine Council for Agriculture and Research, Los Banes,Laguna.Director Genl.~Adjoint Central Regional d'Etudes Nucleous,B. P. 868 Kinshasa XI Republique du ZAIRE.Lindholm '0', OK 4771 Kalochave, Denmark.Ambassador of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam to India,Hon., Min. of State, Min. of Agri. & Irrigation, Govt. ofIndia, New Delhi.Han. Min. for Agri. & A H., Karnataka State, Bangalora.Han. Min. of State for A. H., Govt. of Karnataka, Bangalore.Hon. Min. of State for A. H., Govt. of Karnataka, Bangalore.Vice Chancellor, U. A. S.Vice Chancellor, A P. Agri. University, Hyderabad.Animal Husb. Commissioner with the Govt. of India, NewDelhi.Head of Asian Desk, Danida Mission, Copenhagen.DenmarkOenmarkDenmarkAsstt. (Dev.) Embassy of Denmark, New Delhi.No. 4-17 Motoyoyogi, Shibuyaku Tokyo Japan.Suzuki, JapanState, Veterinary Institute for Virus Research, Lindholm.State Veterinary Institute for Virus Research, Lindholm.High Commissioner of New Zealand.Director-General, Indian ~ouncil of Agril. Research, NewDelhi.

41. Dr. D. D. Pant42. Dr. Sozuki43. Dr. M. Narayanaswami44. Dr. M. l. Ray45. Dr. P. K. Ray• IVice Chancellor. Kumaon University.Quarantine Officer, Ministry of Agri. Japan (Camp India):Director, Hisserghata (Karnataka) ..Dy. A. G. (Ex. I. C. A. R., Add. Secretary)F.A. O.46. Sri M. N. Ansari Member P. & r. and Advisory Committee and State M. S.Advisory Board (U. P.)47. Sri A. K. Sen GuPta Information Officer. Ministry of B. Et T.RECEIPIENTS OF POST _ GRAD~ATE AND POST DOCTORAL FELLOWSHIPShV ~ 1 - ').1. Shri K. Nageswara Rao2. Shri Surendra Kumar Jain3. Smt. Shakti Chakrabarti4. Shri S_ S_ Sha(ma5. Shri M. Venkateswara Rao6. Shri S. V. Vednare7. Shri G. R. Lokanath8. Shri C. V. S. RawalSENIOR RESEARCH FFLLOWSHlPS FOR PH.D. (1. C. A. R.)Poultry ResearchPathologyAnimal Genetics & BreedingGynaecologyAnimal Genetics & BreedingGynaecologyAnimal Genetics & BreedingGynaecology9. Shri Harish Kumar Srivastava .Po~ltry Resear~h10. Shri N. C. JoshiAnimal NuritionSENIOR RESEA~CHFELLOWSHIPS (I. V. R. I.)1. Shri A. Venkatramiah2. Shri Ayodhya Prasad3. Shri M. C. Kataria4. Shri S. K. Singh1. Shri P. V. Sreenivasiah2. Shri M. S. Tipsetti3. Shri M. M. Sinha4. Shri. V. S. K. B. Kumar5. Shri Mithilesh Kumar6. Shri A. B. Negi7. Shri K. C. P. Singh8. Shri V. B. Ramaiah9. Shri K. R. Biswanathan10. Shri S. K. Samal11. Shri Asiamabha Batobyal12. Shri Rajendra Swaroop,13. Shri V. N. P. Agnihotri,14. Shri Arbind Kumar~5. Shri Y. C. Sekhar16. Shr; A. P. Kalanidhi17. Shri V. H. RaoPoultry ResearchPoultry ResearchPoultry ResearchGynaecologyJUNIOR RESEAfiCH FELLOWSHIPS (I. C. A. R.). -Poultry SciencePoultry SciencePoultry SciencePoultry ScienceGynaecologyGynaecologyBacteriologyBacteriologyBacteriology -BacteriologyAnimal Genetics & BreedingAnimal Genetics & BreedingAnimal Genetic.s & BreedingAnimal Genetics & BreedingAnimal NutritionAntmal NutritionAnimal Physiology

7JUNIOR RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS FOR M. V. Sc. (I. V. R. I.)1. Shri Shashi Bhushan Verma Animal Genetics2. Shr; A. K. Srivastava Animal Genetics3. Shri Lakhmi Mehto Animal Genetics4. Shri Himanshu Kumar Surmah Ani'mal Genetics5. Shri Nirmalaya Chaudhari"Gynaecology6. ShrrJai Prakash Narayan Rama Gynaecology7. Shrl Kaaneni Janki Ram Prasad Poultry Science8. Shri Brahma Deo Sharma Poultry Science9. Shri P. Ashoka Chakravarti Poultry Science10. 5hri P. Venkatesatva Narayan Murthy Poultry Science11. 5hri Subuash Ch. 5ingh Poultry Science12. 5hri Madhurendra Kumar Pharamacology & Toxicology13. Shri Ram Lakhan Prasad Biochemistry14. Shri Gangadara Rao P. Biochemistry15. Shri Deb Datta Roy Parasitology16. 5hri Taibur Rehman Pathology17. Shri A. K. Chaturvedi Animal Genetics18 5mt. M. R. Rajeshwari Bact: & Virology19. Shri Aurobindo Bhomik Pharm. 8- Toxicology20. 5hri Rishi Datta Gupta Animal Genetics21. Shri Alok Brahma Bact. & Virology22. Shri Amarjit Singh Bact. & Virology23. 5tHi K. K. Thakur Bact. & Virology24. 5hri S. R. Bhoot Animal Nutrition25. Shri S. K. Srivastava Animal NiJtrition26. 5hri Surendra Kumar Animal Nutrition1127. Shri B. 5. RaoAnimal Nutrition28. 5hri Satendra Natha Baruah Gynaecology29. 5hri Brijendra Singh Animal Genetics, I30. 5hri Parasram NegiAnimal Genetics31. 5hri Kul Shushan Sharma ... Animal Genetics32. 5hri K. K. Chandra Mohan Animal Geneticsn33. 5hri Mohan Nam Joshi Animal Genetics34. 5hri Tapan Kumar Ghosh -Animal Nutrition35. 5hri Naresh Kumar Animal Nutrition36. 5hri V. C. Sehgal ' Animal Nutrition37. Shri Bisheshwar Prasad Animal Nutrition38. 5hri Mahendra Prasad 5ingh Animal Nutrition39. 5hr; Bikas Ranjan Basak- Animal Nutrition40. Shri 5udhir Kumar ChaudHary Gynaecology41. 5hri 5. K. Agarwal Gynaecology42. 5hri Krishna Kumar Bonia Gynaecology43. 5hri M. Kumaraswami Naidu Gynaecology44. Shri P. Mohan Rao Phy. & Climatology45. Shri Jeetendra Goshwami Phy. & Climatology46. Shri Chandra Prakash 5harma Pharm. & Toxicology

847. Shri Jag Mohan Kataria Bact: & Virology48. Shri Ajit Kumar Bact. & Virology49. Shr; R. Venkataramanan Bact. & Virology50. Shri S. R. Thaker Bact. & Virology51. Shri Nabin Chandra Nath Biochemistry52. Shri N, K. Sa5mal Parasitology53. Shri Kamal Mitra Parasitology54. Shri Chhotey Lal Parasitology55. Shri Khub Chandra Pathology56. Shri K. Venkata Rao Pathology57. Shri Shambhu Dayal Singh Pathology58. Shri P. Satyanarayan Reddy Poultry Science59. Shr; Surendra Chand Poultry Science, J60. Shr; Manikant Chaudhary Poultry Science61. Shr; Prafulla Kumar Bisoi Poultry Sc',ence62. Shr; Chandra Shekhar Dimri Poul!ry Science63. Shri N. K. Malhotra Poultry Science64. Shri B. Reddy Appi Reddy Pouitry Science65. Shri V. Dhanajaya Reddy Poultry Science66. Shri Demesh Prasad Singh Poultry Seience67. Shri Tajinder Singh Batra Animal Genetics68. Shri Subhodh Kishore Bact. & Virology69. Shri Purnananda Baruah Animal Genetics'70. Shr; Mohd. Abdul AzizAnimal Genetics71. Shri Satya Sarmah BiochemistryPOST DOCTORAL FELLOWSHIP (C. S. I. R. )Dr. (Smt.) Chatali RaiAWARDSBiochemistryDr. V. A. Srinivasan was awarded Jawahar Lal Nehru award for Ph. D. work.CONCESSIONS FOR SCHEDULED CASTE/SCHEDULED TRIBES CANDIDATESThe reservation order for scheduled castes/scheduled tribes candidates in the matter of employment tothe various posts has been followed strictly. All the posts upto Class-I in the Scale of Rs. 1500-2000 and beloware open for scheduled castes/scheduled tribes candidates according to usual quoia reserved for them.Two scheduled caste candidates were appointed as scientist grade 5-1 and one Junior Clerk during:1976. Eleven scheduled cast candidates were appointed in Technical Side. Forty eight scheduled caste and:12 scheduled tribes candidates Were appointed as supporting staff.For post-graduate education. 20% of the setlts are reserved for such candidates, and they are allowed aconcession of 5% marks for admissions. Provisio~;also exists for giving financial assistance by way of Juniorand Senior Research Fellowships of I. V. R. I.

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12FINANCESRe'ceiptSale of Dairy ProductsSale of Biological ProductsSale of AnimalsOther miscellaneous, receiptsExpenditure( rZATNAGAR CAMPUS)Salaries and TA etc.~ of the Officers & StaffAssets including purchase of animalsCost of chemicals and glasswaresFeed and up-keep of animalsOther miscellaneous expenditureB. P. Division including Pay TA and other chargesExpansion of IVRI Izatnagar under the Vth Five Year PlanICAR FellowshipPension and other retirement benefits~otal expenditure of Non Plan and Plan of Izatnagar Branch• Rs.7,53,95622,16,18145.77312,45,31842.61,22891,19,10833,26,9676,47,9387,53,32020,17,48218,87,4301,06,71,1841,93,8151,63,8852,87,81,138Expenditure of Cess Fund Schemes( i) Scheme for studies on the bio,logy and control of Theileriamet out of AP Cess Funds.( ii) Scheme on trace element sur,vey and their status in foddercrops and animals at IVRI, Izatnagar/Palampur.Izatnagar CentrePalampur Centre(iii) Marek's disease in Poultry with special references to its,epidemiology, diagnosis and cOQtrol.Total expenditure (Cess Funds Schemes)Funds received from ICAP!. individually for worksTotalEstablishment of Centres of Advanced Studies for Post GraduateAgri. Education & Research Poultry Breeding & Production,IVRI, Izatnagar (UNDP)Operational Research Project on Livestock and Fodder ImprovementSummer Institute, on Animal Climatology16,69317,33620,07230,24096,3633,75,0004,71,3631. 10,00039,92435,000

13MUKTESWAR - CAMPUSNon-PlanPay of the officersPay of the establishmentAllowances and honoraria etc.Travelling Allowances'leave salary and pension contributionOther chargesGrant - in - aidScholarships/fellowships of the InstituteOther expenditure on alc of the recommendations of the 3rdpay commissionPension alld other retirement benefitsSCholarships/fellowships of the ICARSeminars and conferencesTotalRs.2,32,768.1518,86,969.4015,11,950.6538,319.6014,32,046.826,875.001,268.051,64,846.2513,890.3530,000.0053,18,914.27Expansion of IVRI Under the Fifth Five Year PlanPay of the officersPay of the establishmentAllowances and honoraria etc.Travelling allowancesLeave salary and pension contributionOther chargesOther expenditure on ale of the recommendations of the 3rdpay commission7,481.204,655.251,170.551,06,754.57Total 1,19,061.47Livestock Production Research on Goat Mohair/Pashmina Project (Plan)Grant-in-AidPay of the officersPay of the establishmentAllowances and honoraria etc.Leave salary and pension contributionOther charges !Other expenditure on ale of the recommendations of the 3rdpay commission22,337.4581,120.4564,864.7084,795.15Total 2.53.827.45Livestock Production Research on Epidemiological Studies (Plan) onFoot and Mouth DiseasePay of the officersPay of the establishmentAllowances and honoraria etc.44.098.4511,748.0025,201.89

14Travelling allowancesOther expenditure on ale of the recommendations of the 3rdpay commissionOther chargesTotalRs.5,109.101,34,042.002,20.199.44Non-PlanPlanReceipts During the Year 1976EXPENDITURESale of sera and vaccinesDairy productsPoultry productsSale of fruits, plants and vegetables etc.Rent including water and electricity chargesApplication fee, tuition fee and diploma chargesMiscellaneousNon-PlanPay and allowancesWorksOther chargesP~anPay and allowancesWorksOther chargesBANGALORE CENTREAdministration, Audit and AccountsPermanentMinisterial Staff 66Sr. Research officerl Researchofficer I (Selection Grade)/ 13Research officerLaboratory Assistants 19Laboratory Attendants Gr. I 20and rrOther Class III and IV (inclu- 507ding Class IV mazdoors)625TotalTotalTemporary13916239715853,18,914.275,93,088.3659,12.002.632,382.301,02.001.323,318.0015,942.8888,796.63920.001,52,610_103.66.871.234,07.285.0042,226.002,96,585.007,46,096.001,02,352.0016,42,666.001,92,369.0019.37,387.00Total79223543604783

15SUMMARY OF DIVISIONAL REPORTSVIROLOGYPrimary lamb kidney cultures were successfully used as an alternative source for production of rinderpestvaccine for the benefit of the states where cow slaughter is banned. F. A. O. has approved rinderpest laboratoryat Mukteswar as Regional Reference and Training Centre for asian countries in rinderpest and rinderpest likediseases.Attenuated sheep-pox virus Ramyar Strain (RM/65) has been successfully propagated in lamb kidneyand experimental vaccine has proved efficacious.BACTERIOLOGY & MYCOLOGYThe laboratories of Bactoriology which were functioning at I. V. R. I., Mukteswar were shifted toIzatnagar by the middle of 1976.The Salmonella Laboratory has attained the status of 'National Salmonella Centre (veterinary)' and it isnow fully equipped to carry out the serotyping of Salmonella strains.The scheme on infectious abortion has been started for examining the cases of abortions, infertility, andrepeat breeders with particular reference to leptospirosis, listeriosis and reproductive disorders in cattle.PATHOLOGYEarlier, on the basis of intra nuclear inclusions, it was suspected that abortions in newly importedHolstein cows were possibly due to Infections Bovine Rhinotrachitis (IBR), a viral infection. The IBR virus hassince been isolated from a cow that had aborted. The presence of the antibodies have also been detected insignficant tit res in other two cows which also had aborted. The results were confirmed by using standardantisera of colarado strain of IBR virus obtained from U. S. A. The IBR viral conjunctiVitis was also confirmedby serum neutralisation test.Chlamydial pneumonia was diagnosed in lambs during the field investigations at IndO-Australian Farm,Hissar.Health coverage schedule, both at farm and divisional level, was successfully implemented.PARASITOLOGYThietepa, a chemostrerilant, on topical application at a dose of 0.522 microlitre/tick induced sterility inthe poultry tick, Argas Persicus. The gamma radiation doses of 2 KR impaired the feeding of females andrendered their egg5 non-viable, At 1-1.5 KR doses the feedmg of females was not impaired but the degree ofinduced sterility was of a low order.The immuno-prophylactic studies on haemonchiasis showed that a radiation dose of 60 KR attenuatedthe larvae of Haemonchus contortus in as much as on Iy a very small number of worms developed in thevaccinated animals. In similar studies with hamsters and rabbits infected with the metacercariae irradiated CIt 2, 3or 4 KR the irradiated metacercariae do not appear to confer any significant degree of reinfection immunity.In pursuance of studies on clinical parasitism in cattle, sheep, goats and pigs at the institute a largenumber of animals were screened for prophylactic and curative purposee,The survey sfudies on the incidence of lungworm. 0 ictvcaulus filaria in sheep and goats in Garhwal hillsshowed that the infection was wide spread and the incidence was high at higher altitudes. The follow-up studiesof the lambs infected with irradiated lung worm vaccine showed that the vaccine was highly satisfactory.With the ultimate object of developing a vaccine against theileriasis the preliminary efforts for establishinga stable cell line of infected lymphocytes were not successful. However, the materials from primary cultures were

16found to give protection to young calves against challenge with Theileria annulata. The cytochemical studieswith in vitro cultivation of T. annulata suggest that the theilerial particles in the schizont and only a granulein the piroplasm are composed of deoxyribonucleoproteins. The remaining part of intra erythrocytic stagescontains ribonucleoprotein.For developing a vaccine against anaplasmosis a beginning has been made by isolating a strain ofAnaplasma marginale and it IS being maintained in bovine calves.EPIDEMIOLOGYThe analysis of mortality data on cross bred cattle at 3 farms showed an overall mortality rate of 26.85%during the entire 9 year period 1965-1973. On the bClsis of this data, various indices of mortality in relationto age, breed and sex have been estimated.A survey conducted to characterise perinatal and youngstock mortality, which account for heavy lossesamong all species of livestock has revealed a pregnancy wastage of 18.38% in cattle and 21.73% in buffaloesdue to abortions and mortality within 3 mon ths of birth. Among cattle, losses were higher among the herds ofexotic cross bred (21.04%) and exotic cattle (16.03%) than those in indigenous cattle (10.73%). Time of theyear had a significant effect on postnatal mortality in buffaloes, the mortality being higher between Septemberto january. In sheep 17.53% of the live born lambs died within the first year of life. The seasonal effect onmortality varied with the geographic location. In pigs, abortions accounted for loss of 6.92% of the totalpregnancies. Of the piglets born in farrowings, 5.33% were born dead and 11.87% ,died within 3 months ofbirth. In poultry, among the recorded causes of death, emphalitis, pneumonia, coccidiosis and chronic respiratorydisease were responsible for a large proportion of mortality.The annual incidence of rinderpest continued to decline. However, the reported occurrence of all the othermajor epizootic diseases i. e. haemorrhagic septicaemia, black-quarter, anthrax and foot and mouth diseases,which had shown a remarkable declining trend from 1971 to 1974, recorded a rather sharp increase in 1975.This increase was due to the increased activity of these infections in almost all parts of the country.BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTSThe new rabies vaccine laboratory unit was occupied and facilities are being generated to augment theproduction of Flury vaccine.The production and supply of veterinary biologicals was maintained at a satisfactory level. During theperiod 16.47 million doses of 29 different types of products of estimated value of Rs. 23,24,849-50 wereproduced and biologicals worth Rs. 22,73,412 were issued to the field.STANDARDIZATION OF VETERINARY BIOLOGICALS PRODUCTSVarious viral and bacterial vaccines were tested as per schedule Fl of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940.The bacterial and viral type culture strains available in different divisions of this Institute were catalogued andsupplied to various organisations in the country. .A multiple emulsion N. S. vaccine was developed and its efficacy was tested in laboratory animals, cattleand buffaloes. In comparison to oil adjuvant vaccine this vaccine is easy to infect because of its milk likeconsistency.AVIAN DISEASESFor quick diagnosis of some important diseases of poultry, freeze dried antigens were prepared. There canbe used instantaneously for rapid diagnosis of tne disease and have an added advantage for the reason that theycan be stored for longer time without referigeration or cooling.

17Flurescent antibody techniques (F~ T) has been developed and perfected for quick and reliable diagnosisof diseases like infectious bronchitis and avian encephalomyelitis.conducted.Health coverage was provided to the poultry farms of the institute and total of 17,203 necropsies wereEXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND SURGERYPreliminary trials with Toclnovit showed that in case of fractures it does not provide completeimmobilization. Therefore external immobilization is necessary.Exploratory studies on partial by pass of duedenum by gastrdduedenal anastomosis in pigs have revealedthat the surgical procedure possibly helps in producing better quality of pork.Under health coverage programme every possible measure was taken for intensive care of animals at theinstitute and its campuses at Mukteswar and Makhdoom. The total number of cases involving surgery,vaccination, clinical investigations, postnatal care etc. amounted to 33,833.VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTHThe studies on the presence of spontaneous lesions in the cerebral vessels of buffaloes and cattle revealedthe presence of changes in the medial vacuolation and fibrous intimal plaques in few cerebral vessels of somebulfaloes and cattle of different age groups.Besides collecting a number of serum samples to determine the aetiology of Pyrexia of Unknown Origin(PUO) in human, intensive serological studies were conducted.A large number of human stool samples and blood smears were examined, and an evidence ofHymenelepis and Taenia infections, both of animal origin, was recorded.Few strains of Staphylococci were isolated from cases of diahorria in infants and were phage typed.The investigations showed that the milk bottle of the infants was the vehicle for transnJitting the infection.ANIMAL GENETICSWhile examining the fertility of indigenous cows, it was observed th'at 57% of oestrus cycles were1repeated at 40 day intervals and 42% at 25 days intervals. The conception rate of cows on herd basis; bred tofrozen semen, was estimated as 64.9%.The data on 440 lactation records of the indigenous buffaloes were examined for the lactation curve. Itwas observed that lactation length had an important effect on lactation yield in buffaloes. The heritabilityestimates for components of lactation curve showed that the heritability was low to medium for variouscomponents. The blood group and biochemical polymorphism studies with respect to Zebu and its crosses withtemperate breedsshowed a linear increase in the gene frequencies with the increase in temperatureinheritance.,Whole blood culture technique was employed to study the sheep chromosomes. The chromosomesnumber of indigenous sheep was reported to be 54.ANIMAL REPRODUCTIONThrough regular sexual health control programmes and gynaecological investigations it was possible toreduce the incidences of anoestrum and repeat breeding in bovines. Incidences ot prolonged oestrus, delayedovulation and cystic ovaries were determined.

18With the object of helping poor and marginal farmers from rural areas, gynaecological studies in cattleand buffaloes in rural areas around Izatnagar were continued. Sexual health control camps at six different placeswere organised and 480 cattle and 895 buffaloes were examined gynaecologically. Incidences of overianhypoplasia, infantile/under developed genital organs in mature heifers, long post-parIum anoestrum in cows,aberrations in the oestrous cycle pattern have been recorded. Necessary treatments have been given in subfertilefemales where weak oestruses and occurrence of silent heats was noticed.Studies were conducted on the freezability and fertilizing ability of bull and buffalo spermatozoa. EightHolstein Friesian bulls were trained to donate the semen in A. V., and 557 doses of frozen semen from these bullsare available in stock. In addition to this, 300 doses of frozen semen of sahiwal bulls are also available in stock.Twelve trials were conducted for freezing of buffalo semen in citric acid whey diluter procured from NDRI,Karnal. Freezing was done in polythene tube (Tapol IVRI technique). From the studies so far conducted, in noneof the trials the desired recovery rate was obtained.Under the Operation Research Project on Livestock Production, 710 cows ond 810 buffaloes wereinseminated at the A. I. centre, Izatnagar and 408 cows and 224 buffaloes at the Rithaura Centre. Gynaecologicalinvestigations were carried out on 270 cows and 685 buffaloes at the A. I. Centre, Izatnagar. A total of 163cows and 530 buffaloes were examined for pregnancy diagnosis. Out of these 77 cows and 225 buffaloeswere found pregnant.ANIMAL NUTRITIONA method for the removal of toxicity attributed to saponine in mahua cake has been evolved. The processedmahua cake has bee n found suitable as animal feed. Therefore. mahua cake, a major by-product of the wellestablished mahua oil industry in the country, can be utilised as a cattle feed after processing and it canmitigate the feed and fodder sihortage in the country.The petro-protein manufactured on a pifot scale by the Indian Oil Corporation has been reported to be oflimited use as a feed for pigs and poultry due to its anti-nutritive effects. But, it has now been shown to be quitesuitable for feeding the cattle and sheep. Though at present, the high cost of production at the petro-proteinlimits its use as a feed but a breakthrough in its large scale production at low cost can overcome the shortageof proteins for feeding the animals.PHYSIOLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGYBesides devising an improved technique for the preperation of biostimulator, a competitive protein bindingtechnique for assay of progestrone and corticoid has bene standardized.Studies showed that with the use of PMS (600 I.U.) in synchronised Black Bengal Goats an increase inthe litter size could be brought forth.'.PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGYInvestigations on the therapeutic use of indigenous medicinal plants in veterinary practice have shown thatthe seeds of the medicinal plant, Butea frondosa (Palas) are highly effective as anthelmintic against Ascarislumbricoides and some other species of the helminths. In vitro studies have indicated that the active principlepalasonin, acts by blocking the neuromuscular junctional sites of the parasItes. Experimental studies have been verymuch encouraging and require further clinical trials before recommending the drug for treatment of the animals.Similar studies on the antibacterial and antifungal properties of the medicinal plant Lawaenia inermis (Mehndi)have shown that the leaves can be beneficially used. The studies on tne toxicological aspect of the environmentalpollution due to insecticides revealed that Malathion, as a contaminant in the animal foods at a level of 8 to800 ppm, adversely affects the ruman microflora and the rumen functions.

19POULTRY RESEARCHThe major thrust directed for developing suitable strains for meat and egg purposes has resulted indeveloping four new strains of poultry for broiler and four for layers. The cross-bred broiler having a potentialof yielding 1.5 kg body weight at 10 weeks of age with feed conversion of 2.5 to 2.8 have already beendeveloped. The egg laying strains with a potential of laying 220 to 230 eggs per year have also been developed.These new strains compare well with the foreign birds. The development of these strains is particularlysignificant in the wake of the decision of the Government of India to stop the import of germplasm.A number of byproducts that were tested for their nutritive value and suitability as a low cost poultryfeed showed that the costly ingredients like groundnut oil cake can be completely replaced by sunflower seedmeal as a source of protein for the starter, grower, layer and broiler rations. The total replacement of groundnutoil cake in poultry feeds by this new feed ingredient will reduce the cost of feeds.In recycling the organic waste, it has been observed that cake layer manure, after drying in the sun andpartially in the hot-air-oven at 80 a C for about 24 hours, can be incorporated at 15% level in the chick rationwithout any detrimental effect on their performance. In further experimentation with the feed for egg layers,it has been observed that 15% of the total ration can be replaced by incorporating dry poultry manure inthe feed.Pickling of quail eggs has been standardized for providing easy transport from the site of production tothe place of consumption without the aid of refrigeration. The pickled eggs can be kept at ambient temperaturefor 45 days without any deterioration in their quality. Such eggs can provide amino acids like lysine andmethionine in our daily diets. The standardised pickling process is a simple one and can be adopted in ourvi lIages for preservation of this valu able animal protein.During 1976 the quail flock was built upto about 6,000 birds. The quail is now being used as a verygood laboratory animal for research. Efforts have been made to select a few lines, out of this flock, for bettergrowlh and egg production. The management and husbandry practices for the quail have been standardisedand many new designs of much needed equipment for quail husbandry have been designed.EXTENSIONUnder the Operational Research Project area a door to door socia-economic survey was conducted anddetailed information was collected regarding 738 farm families.In the first cluster of villages situated in the Operational Research Project area, an animal health coverprogramme was organised. Other educational programmes were also organised in the Operational ResearchProject area.BIOCHEMISTRYStudies were continued on tissue compOSition and metabolism of buffaloes in relation to growth andreproduction. The effect of insulin on some of the serum constituents was studied in order to assess theanabolic effects of this hormone in buffalo calves. The isolation and characterisation of myofibriller proteinsin buffaloes was taken up in view of the importance of this species as a meat producing animal. Studies on thelipid motabolism of buffalo spermatozoa were also conducted which may provide fundamental information inrelation to semen preservation. Studies were extended on physiochemical properties of buffalo blood proteinsto cover the immunoglobulins. The IgM fraction was isolated and purified, and some of its propertieswere studied.REGIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE, BANGALOREThe work on the growth of BHK21 cells both in monolayer as wall as in suspension culture was continuadand efforts were also made to adopt local isolates of FMD virus to grow on this cell line. It is heartening to

20note that using monolayer cell line as well as suspension cells. in monolayer, it was possible to prepare threebatches of vaccines; two against type '0' virus and on~ agail)st type 'A' virus" The vaccines have been_ found tobe safe and highly immunogenic when tested in guin~apig.REGIONAL RESEARCH CENtRESSRINAGAR (KASHMIR)The centre produced 90,200 doses of lungworm vaccine and supplied it to the Directorate of Sheep,Jammu 8- Kashmir Government for field use.Comparative susceptibility of sheep and goats to infection with Dictyocaulus filaria was investigatedland goats were found to be more susceptible to infection.Studies have shown that a dose of 150 larvae per kg body weight is the ideal dose for infecting lambsfor the vaccine production work. Lambs receiving this level of infection have on average 27 days of peakpatency peried with average larval counts of 844 larvae per gram of faeces. Approximately, 2,423 doses ofvaccine could be expected from single donor lamb receiving this level of infection during its entire period ofpeak patency.PALAMPURThe object of the R~gional Anima! Nutrition Research Centre, Palarnpur is to probe into and help inthe solution of the animal feeding problems of the temperate region spread over Himachal Pradesh, Jammu &Kashmir and the hilly areas of U. P.Studies showed that in alpine pastures of Chota Bhangal, at 2650 m above sea level, the gross yield ofdry grass ll1atter from plots fenilized with a basal dose of 15 kg/ha N PK and the unfertilised ones was similar.However, the crude protein content in the dry matter from plots dressed with fertilizer was 19.69% as comparedto 11.02% from undressed plots.In collaborative _ s.tudi!;!s with I-:limachal Pradesh Agricultural University, it was observed that with theuse of phosphorus as fertilizer for different varieties of berseem, the gross yield of semi in vivo nylon bagdigestible dry matter and digestible cellulose was higher for Mescavi variety as compared to other varieties.In attempts to introduce velvet siratro and pigeon pe,a in Ilatural grassland the velvet beans proved thebest in respect of gross and in vivo nyl.on bag digestible yield of dry matter and cellulose.CALCUTTAThe major areas of studies include zoonoses, food hygiene, comparative medicine and laboratoryanimal medicine.Studies were conducted on cases of brucellosis and 0 fever in humans. The studies sl:lOwed evidence ofthe involvement of bacterial pathogens (Leptospira, Brucella, Rickettsia etc.) of animalorigi.n in humanpatients.PORT BLAIRA 'Pilot Project' for control of stephanofilarial dermatitis among animals, is in full swing in Neil andHavelock Island. In all 680 animals including cattle, buffaloes and goats were examined till December, 70 outof these 441 animals had some sort of lesion. Under the first round of treatment, 104 animals were treatedand 337 were under treatment.The collection of flies from cattle and buffaloes from different areas showed similar pattern of distributionand dominance of haematophagous flies. These constitute 9074% of the fly population. The bionomics of theonly cattle tick (Boophilus microplus) in these islands was studied in detail. The delousing of heavily infested

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V. G. O. UNDER SNOW FALLLATOLI KRAAL

21fowls and buffaloes was done with organa-phosphorus insecticides.' laboratory bieassay tests with neweracaricides showed greater susceptibility,of cattle tick strain of these Islands.The surveys' on helminthiasis'of animals in four selected villages ·revealed an increase in the incidencefrom 39.64% in 1975 to 50.7% in 1976. The seasonal intensity vide per gram of faeces of infested animalswas recorded .. The project has reached at take off stage for control of helminthic infections.DIVISIONAL REPORTSVIROLOGYThe following doses (10 ml eaGh) of monovalent vaccines were produced a nd standardizedType 'A'Type '0'Type 'C'Type 'Asia I'37,500 doses47,000 doses45.000 doses38.000 dosesForty - two thousand three hundred and fifty doses (10 ml each) of the polyvalent vacci ne were issuedfor supply.To assess the neutralizing antibody level in the vaccinated dairy cows, at Mukteswar, the sera sampleswere collected at about 11 months following vaccination. The vaccinated cattle had varying vaccination status.The serum neutralization tests (SNT) were performed against four types of FM D viruses i. e. 'A', '0', 'C' and'Asia I' in BHK-21 monolayers. The results of SNT revealed a good antibody level in the cows against all typesof FM D viruses. It was showed that the number of vaccination did not account for significant difference in thelevel of neutralizing antibodies.The four types of FMD viruses '0', 'A', 'C' and 'Asia I' were successfully adapted in BHK-21-ch 3monolayers using the cattle tongue virus of each type.All the BHK21 adapted FMD viruses were assayed in homologous cell system and also in the unweanedmice. The respective log virus titres of '0', 'A', 'C' and 'Asia I' in BHK21 mon.olayers were 7.04, 6.43, 7.19 and6.43 and the corresponding unweaned mice titres were 5.5, 5.0, 6.0 and 6.5 respectively.The complement fixing antigen was also assessed for all virus types between 18·24 hours of the grawthof the virus in BHK21 monolayers. The respective titres for '0', 'A', 'C' and 'Asia I' were 1,:6,'1 :7, 1:8 and 1 :8.BHK 2 ],(Clu) propagated FMD virus types '0', 'A' and 'Asia I' were used for preparing formalizedsaponified gel (saponin 0.25%) monovalent vaccines. A conventional gel vaccine was also prepared withB HK21 (Clu) propagated 'Asia I' virus. All the vaccines except the saponified 'Asia I' vaccine were found toprotect the vaccinated bull calves against a virulent Challenge inoculation at 5 ml. dose tested. The saponified'Asia (' vaccine was tested with 2.5 mi., 5 ml and 7.5 ml doses (SIC). The bull calves vaccinated with 5 mland 7.5 ml withstood the challenge inoculation while 1 of the 2 calves vaccinated with 2.5 mi. dose reacted tothe challenge inoculation showing secondary lesions. The healthy bull calves serving' as controls reactedseverely, showing secondary lesions. The serum neutralization index for all the three dose levels of saponified'Asia I' vaccine ranged between 2.89 to 5.69.Preliminary attempts were made to adapt the FMD virus types '0', 'A', 'C' and 'Asia I' (cattle tongue virus)and also those already adapted to monolayer B H 1

22Similarly, of the four types of viruses already adapted to BHK21 (Clls) cells, 'a' and 'c' depictedobservable CPE at 24 hrs. post infection at 8th passage level in the suspension cells with a titre of log 5.79and log 6 per ml. respectively, whereas 'A' and 'Asia I' types when grown in the suspension cells showed CPEat 48 hrs. at 5th and 3rd passage level.Initial efforts for mass scale production/replication of BHK21 suspension cells met with good successin 1 litre bellco, 2, 5, 10 litre round bottom flask and 7 litre in NBS microfermenter jars. The maximum growthof the cells was observed between 48 to 72 hours of start in the suspension. Similarly, satisfactoryresults of growtn with the monolayer cells was observed for mass scale production using Povitsky flasks with1 : 8 dilution. Both the calf and buffalo serum were found to supplement the growth of the cells.RINDERPESTFurther studies on the use of lamb kidney (lK) cells as an alternative for rinderpest tissue culture vaccine(TCRP) were continued. Two batches of the vaccine were prepared and titrated thrice in the homologous (lK)and heterologous bovine kidney cells from different animals. The mean TCI 0 50 titres were quite similar to theearlier observations and were log 5.5 and log 6.5, respectively. The bovine immunizing titre of one batch,when tested, was found to be the same as in the previous batch (log4.). To find out the immune response incattle with TCRP vaccine (lK origin), field trials were conducted in 878 unvaccinated cattle (includingexotic, cross bred and Zebu cattle) and buffaloes using 100 10 100 virus as vaccine dose. All the vaccinatedanimals ranged between 6 to 15 months of age and none of these showed any untoward reaction followingvaccination. Since these animals could not be challenged, their pre- and post vaccination sera were screenedfor serum neutralizing antibodies. No detectable antibodies were found in the prevaccination sera. However,21 st day postvaccination sera revealed good level of serum neutralization antibody.To determine the duration of immunity in cattle with TCRP vaccine (BK origin), the vaccinated cattlewere challenged with 1 ml. of 1 : 100 dilution of virulent Hissar strain of rinderpest virus including a suitablenumber of susceptible control animals. None of the vaccinated animals reacted to the challenge infection whileall the control animals reacted typically and few even died showing typical lesions of rinderpest.An experimental trial was conducted to determine the effect of vaccination in calves. Sixty calves werevaccinated with 100 10 100dose of vaccine. The pre- and 21 st day postvaccination sera of these calves did notreveal any significiant difference in the serum neutralizing antibody. However, in the subsequent experimentwhere the prevaccinated calves were revaccinated with the same dose of vaccine after 6 month of the firstvaccination a significant rise in the antibody level was found in their 21 st days postvaccination sera,Twenty eight specimens suspected for rinderpest or rinderpest like diseases were received and examinedwith the following results: "., ....Positive for rinderpestNegative for rinderpestDoubtful for rinderpestUnfit for test116110SHEEP POXThe attenuated virus strain (RM/65) was propagated through 6 serial passages in lamb kidney cellsculture. The virus titre at 3rd passage level was found to be 10 3 • The 4th passage virus was inoculated in 1 mi.quantity (undiluted) in 6 sheep subcutaneously. Some of thes~ were challenged on 21 st day and the others100 days postvaccination with 10,000 RD. of Jaipur strain of SPV including susceptible controls. All the

23vaccinated sheep resisted the challenge while the control reacted severely at the site of inoculation.day postvaccination sera also revealed the presence of CF antibody.The 14thAnother attenuated virus SPVjRF (sheep pox virus Reunanian strain Fanar) has also been propagatedin secondary lamb testicular cell culture and the titre for the 1st and 2nd passage found to be 10 5 /0.1 mi. Agood quantity of the vaccine has been prepared for further studies on the safety and potency testing of thevaccine.INFLUENZAA programme to study the prevalence of influenza virus in birds and animals was taken up with the helpof WHO. From 685 cloacal swab samples collected from different kinds of birds (quails, zoo birds, peacocks,pigeons and 20 sp of wild birds) and chickens. Four isolates from poultry, 1 from peacocks and 2 from wildbirds have been recovered. These are likely to be influenza virus isolates. From 297 nasal swab samples fromswines, horses and mules 2 isolates of haemagglutinating agents have been recovered in the developing chickenembryos.BIOCHEMISTRYNormal bovine and ovine immunoglobulin profile has been prepared to elucidate the role of variousimmuoglobulins in immunological status of bovines for rinderpest and foot and mouth disease and of sheep forsheep pox. Few bovine sera collected on 21 st day postvaccination with tissue culture rinderpest vaccine andalso the foot and mouth disease vaccine have been analysed for various immunoglobulins and compared withtheir corresponding serum neutralization and challenge results.CLiN ICAl BACTERIOLOGYFour hundred sixty three samples from various species of animals were examined to isolate Salmonellaorganisms. An isolate of subgroup I from cattle and poultry and 3 isolates of subgroup III from goats wereisolated.Out of the 8 specimens received for bacteriological examination, a strain of haemolytic StreptocoCCIwas isolated from a specimen of tumor in a mule. This section also rendered diagnostic service to the MedicalHospital, I. V. R. I , Mukteswar by way of examining samples 01 sputum, urine and throat swabs.CLINICAL PATHOLOGYInvestigation on the disease pattern in pashmina goats revealed pneumonia, coccidiosis, haemonchosis.cestediasis. coli. bacillosis and enteritis. The pneumonia cases were further studied histopathologically, and weresuggestive of bacterial and mycoplasmal origin. Two strains suggestive of mycoplasmal origin and one ofEscherichia coli and the other of Neisseria mucosa were isolated. N. mucosa has been tested for patho~genicity in mice and found pathogenic. An outbreak suspected of blue tongue, on examination of the materialfrom the suspected cases, turned out to be that of foot and mouth disease.Preliminary attempts were made to standardize Fluorescent Antibody Test (FAT) for rapid diagnOSis offoot and mouth disease with success. The type '0' guineapig hyperimmune serum was used for separationof globulins. The purified globulins were tagged with Fluorescin isothiocynate (FrrC) and the unreacted dyewas removed by passing the conjugate through sephadex gel column. BHK21 cells grown on coverslip intubes were infected with pleadapted type '0' FMD virus. The coverslips were removed at 2,4, 6,8 and 24hrs. following infection with the virus for being and stained with the conjugate for 45 minutes at 3]OC. Thesewere examined under the fluroscent microscope for specificity of fluorescence. The earliest specific fluorescence

was observed at 4 hrs, postinfection.24animal in an outbreak of FMD was successfully diagnosed as FMD.The specimen material collected as tongue epithelium from the diseasedDuring the year 303 autopsies were conducted on healthy and dead animals for diagnosis and theresults were communicated to the concerned sections.TISSUE CULTUREThe cell line BHK21 (cl l3), BHK/Tl BHK/Adc2, Hela, Vera, M. S., Hep2 and BHK/M were maintainedand supplied on demand. The LK4 diploid cell culture was supplied to the Central Sheep and Wool ResearchInstitute, Avikanagar.The BHK21 (suspension) and PKl5 cell lines were procured from I. V. R. I., Bangalore and Glasgow,respectively. The LKs diploid cell line was developed. Most of the cell lines including BHK21 suspension werestudied for their growth rate and doubling time. To study the specificity of each ceHline, antibodies against BHK21(ell3), BHK/Tl and M. S. cell lines have been prepared. The BHK/TI cell line of the unit has been inducedto grow in suspension.The vaccinia virus has been found to produce abortive infection even in its parent host cell system.The virus has been found to enter the steady and occult state of its existence, both in BK and BHK cellsystem. Twel.ve hamsters were screened for viral latency and four pOssible viral agents have been recovered.Further characterization of these agents is in progress.ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATIONTwenty-five cows, including 12 repeaters were inseminated and pregnancy was confirmed in 13 cows.The number of inseminations required per cow for conception was found to be 1.48.A suitable laboratory has been set up for artificially inseminating the pashmina goats. Four bucks havebf!en vasectomised to serve as teasers. Six bucks which were selected on the basis of their performancesuch as pashmina yield, growth rate, libido and health status have been trained to ej aculate in the artificialvagina.ALL INDIA COORDINATED RESEARCH PROJECT FOR EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES ONFOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE1. I. V. R. I., Mukteswar Centre.The details of typing results for 48 specimens received from the field are presented as under :-SI. No. of Non- Types Under-No. Specimens viableA C Asia 1 Progress°1. 19 (Directly or 3 1 4 1 6 4through centre)2. 29 (Erratic isola- 2 1 3 1 8 +1tes tram centre)(Asia 1/0/C)ojc=O Cross reacting C; Asia 1/o/c+= Asia '1' cross reacting C an~ 0.The efforts to generate facilities for subtyping of the field isolates were continued, and preparation of seraagainst some of the field strains of FMD type '0', 'Asia I' and 'A' was taken up.

25The details of type specific hyperimmune guineapig sera prepared by the Mukteswar Centre are as under:-Type'0''A''Asia l'Quantity208 mi.510 ml.380 mi.The following quantities of the type specific guinea pig hyperimmune sera received from different centresand these were standardized and supplied to various centres.Type'0''A''C''Asia I'Quantity224 ml.224 mi.224 mi.218 mi.A modified microcomplem ent fixation test was standardized and it is now being routinely used for typingof FM D virus material received from the field. This test is more sensitive for detecting weakly active antigen.ALL INDIA COORDINATED RESEARCH PROJECT ON GOATS FOR PASHMINA:(I. V. R. I. MUKTESWAR CENTRES)The flock strength has increased by 77 adults and 17 kids. Out of the 138 kids born, 128 were bysingle birth and 10 by twin birth. The present flock strength consists of 34 bucks, 129 females and 81 kids.A. I. Laboratory has been established for artificial insemination and bucks have been trained for A. I. The datawas collected for the breeding performance, pashmina production and pashmina quality. The body measurements,body weights and growth rates for kids were also recorded.The nature and behaviour of pashmina goat is being studied and necessary changes in the farmmanage,ment have been made according to the living habits of animals. The pashmina goats were given rationaccording to the schedule available for common goats. The additional nt,Jtritional requirement at pashmina goatwas met, whenever considered necessary, on the basis of observations on its body weight and growth rate.A total of 23.481 kg. of pashmina was collected.presented below :-The average pashmina yield for different age groups isPashmina yield in gm. at different age groupsAge (Years) Male FemaleNo. Mean±S. E. No. Mean±S. E.Below 1 yr. 4 72.58±21.70 6 71.92± 12.761-2 yrs. 10 119.76± 16.75 10 100.57 ± 17.552-3 yrs. 5 98.02±25.89 29 175.25±14.18Above 3 yrs. 10 161.22±23.97 84 154.09± 8.50Overall 29 123.80 128 150.93

26BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTSThe following quantities of bacterial cultures, seed viruses, diagnostic antigens and vaccine suppliedName of the productCulture tubeABR antigenFMD vaccineVirulent R. P. bull virusGoat tissue R. P. virus(Seed virus)Total quantity of the product supplied53 tubes1505 ml.42,350 doses95.00 gms.,81.00 gms.A sum of Rs. 3,18,060.15 was received on account of sale of cultures, antigens and vaccine.VETERINARY SECTIONThe activities centred towards procurement, maintenance, and treatment of animals. The purchasesincluded 4 ponies, 160 bull calves, 236 goats and birds and 81 sheep and lambs, 6 lambs were received fromI. V. R. I., Farm Makhdoom.For experimental studies 480 hill/bulls bull calves 246 cows heifer calves, 155 sheep and lambs. 279goats and kids, 7 buffalo calves,7 ponies/foal, 10 pigs, 10 pigsJpiglets and 6 fowls were supplied to differentlaboratories on the campus and 45 crossbred bull calves and 2 ponies were supplied respectively to I. V. R. I.,Izatnagar and Makhdoom.Six riding and eight pack ponies were maintained and these tended 2.270 official and private commandsand earned Rs. 920.60 by way of private commands.The sale and auction of various species of animals buffaloes, pigs/piglets, fowls and slaughtered kids andlambs earned a revenue of Rs. 5,487.25.A total of 331 animals were treated at the dispensary.A. Small Laboratory Animals and Poultry Section:LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION RESEARCH SECTIONSThis section was established for breeding, maintenance and supply of rabbits, guinea-pigs, mice,hamesters, rats and poultry. The section maintained 94 rabbits, 1,613 guinea pigs,65 hamester, 7 rats and2,422 mice for breeding. By way of breeding; 449 rabbits, 3,453 guinea pigs, 96 hamesters. 18 rats and 9,300mice were raised and of these 206 rabbits, 2,226 guinea-pigs, 52 hamsters and 8,338 mice were supplied todifferent laboratories. Besides supplying 140 rabbits and 3,28 guinea-pigs to I. V. R. I., Izatnagar, 13 rabbits,100 guinea-pigs and 200 mice were sold to other research organisations.The Poultry Farm had a strength of 510 birds (as on 31.12.76) and a total of 11,508 eggs were produced.Besides supplying 3,90 eggs to various laboratories a sum of Rs. 1,845.25 was received from the sale of 7,381eggs to the employees.B. Dairy/Cattle Section:This section was set up for the maintenance, breeding of exotic and crossbred cattle and supply of milkand milk products. The section maintained 11 Jersey, 11 Brown Swiss, 5 cross breds cows and 90 heifer calves.The total milk production was 1,28,798.08 litres. Besides supplying 15,331.1 litres of milk and 17,536.36 litresof skimmed milk to the small laboratory animal house and the calf rearing unit, the milk and butter was sold tothe employees. This sale brought a revenues of Rs. 1,01,245.56.

27BACTERIOLOGY AN D MYCOLOGYAfter the formation of a separate Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, the laboratories of Bacteriologywhich were functioning at I. V. R. I., Mukteswar, were shifted under a phased programme and were establishedat I. V. R. I. Izatnager. The complete shifting of the laboratories was accomplished by the middle of 1976.Keeping in view the aims and objectives of creating a separate Division of Bacteriology and Mycology themain emphasis has been directed towards conducting problem oriented research on bacterial and mycoticinfections/diseases in various species of livestock.In May 1976, the Salmonella laboratory of this division attained the status of National Salmonella Centre(Veterinary) and in June 1976, the scheme on infectious abortion amongst livestock started functioning.Besides work on animal salmonellosis, brucellosis, listeriosis, vibriosis, and mycoplasma infection; work onAspergillus pertaining to reproductive disorders is in progress.Work was also conducted on diagnosis and disease investigation of specifie and specialised diseases.SALMONELLAThe existing Salmonella laboratory was streamlined to shoulder the increased responsibilities followingils recognition as 'National Salmonella Centre' (Veterinary) for serotyping of Salmonella isolates from animalsin India.A battery of 141 Salmonella diagnostic sera is now available for serotyping of Salmonella organisms.These are:-Polyvalent '0' sera 7Polyvalent 'H' sera 6Group '0' sera 43Single factor '0' sera 19Single factor 'H' sera 24One hundred and seventy five standard Salmonella stock cultures and 70 Salmonella isolates receivedfrom various parts of the country for serotyping are being maintained. Some of these stock cultures have beenfreeze dried and maintained in freeze dried conditions.Thirty Salmonella cultures were serotyped and identified as S. bareiJlv S. enteritidis, S. goverdhan,S. richmond, S. tuphimurium and S. we Itevredon.LEPTOSPIRAA total of 442 serum samples from animals were received from 9 states of India and tested for the presenceof Leptospira agglutinins using a battery of antigens belonging to 11 sero·groups. Majority of the serumsamples were from animals showing symptoms of abortion and haemoglobin urea.Of the 442 sera examined, 32 showed significant titres (1 : 100 or higher) of agglutinins of one or moreantigens belonging to 11 serogroups, 7 showed agglutinins to only one serogroup and 24 showed 2 or moreserogroups. Among the positive cases nearby 75% showed agglutinin against L. hobdomeeds, L. semarangaand L. autumnalis and in equal proportions. The other serogroups encountered were L. can ice la, L. pomona,L. pyogenes, L. bateviae and L. icberohaemorrhagiae.Thirty three serum samples were received during the year under report and three of these were found tobe positive for leptospirosis in titres of 1 : 100 or higher. One serum samples from a soldier, Base HospitalDelhi Cantt, with the history of jaundice, haemorrhage, and high serum billirubin content gave serological

28evidence of Leptospira infection against autumnalis, semaranga and hebdomadis. Remaining two serum'samples were sent by the Professor of Microbiology, Medical College Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu out of whichone was found positive for Leptospira infection canicola pomona and semarange.Thirty three human sera samples were received from the Division of Veterinary Public Health collectedfrom cases of pyrexia of unknown origin. Of these seven showed significant titres against L. pomona(~), L. canicola (3), L. samaranga (1) and L. bataviae (1). Out of these the sample was found to containagglutinins against both L pomona and L. canicola antigens.A total of 85 samples were collected from different reproductive organs, namely, cervix, body of theuterus, uterine horns and fallopian tubes of 57 animals. These were examined for the presence of Mycoplasmaorganisms. Out of these 5 were semen sample (3 bovine bull and 2 buffalo bull) 8 were from the reproductivetract of ewes and the remaining were from buffalo· cows.Mvcoplasma 'Iike agents were isolated from the uterine horn of a buffalo cow showing excess of exudate.The isolate is being characterised.DIAGNOSTIC WORKThree specimens and 93 bacterial cultures were received from different parts of the country. The differentbacterial culture isolated and typed included KI p,neumoniae KJ. serogens Alcaligenes laecalis,AI. bronchisepticus. Proteus vulgaris, P. morgani;, E. coli Str .. agalactiae Str., Faecalis Str. bovis, Str. uberisStr. dysagalactiae and Past multocida.STUDIES ON PIGLET MORTALITYPATHOLOGYImproved management, sanitation and prophylactic measures broug ht down the mortality in piglets to 13%as compared to 45% during the previous year. The piglets in the 0- 4 weeks age group were most susceptibleto various disease conditions and showed 67% mortality. The important disease conditions encountered in pigletswere pneumonia, mycoplasmosis, colibacillosis/gastroentritis, dermatosis vegetans, sarcoptic mange; besidesoverlaying and traumatic injuriesSTUDIES ON MORT ALlTIES IN SMALL LABORATORY AN IMALSRabbitsThe incidence of the cases is shown against each pathological condition with in the parenthesis. Thepost-mortem examination revealed the following pathological conditions responsible for mortality in laboratorymice were salmonellosis (113), pneumonia (103). botryomycosis (24), h3at exhaustion (17), hepatitis(10), nephritis (1) and nosematosis. The protozon parasite Nosema cuniculi has been recorded for the firsttime from India.Albino RatsThe pathological conditions encountered in albinorats were heat exhaustion (9), pneumonia(1), botryomycosis (1) and reticulum cell sarcoma (1).Guinea-PigsThe post-mortem examination alongwith the histopathological and bacterial examination lead to thedetection of following disease conditions in guinea pigs pseudotuberculosis (35), heat exhaustion (18), hepatitisand enteritis (6), internal haemorrhage (3) and pneumonia (2)

Mice29The laboratory investigation and post-mortem examination showed that the mortality in rabbits was due tointestinal coccidiosis (59), internal haemorrhage (12) and hepatic coccidiosis (1).Health CoverageSpecial stress was laid on health coverage programme by way of improved management, speedy diagnosis,timely prophylactic measures and treatment, and monitoring of all the production programmes for infectioustoxic and chronic disease programme for livestock production programmes for cattle, sheep, goat, pigs andlaboratory animals. The health coverage has resulted in better performance of the various productionprogrammes.CattleA virus was isolated from a case of abortion in Holstein-Fresian cow. This virus is similar to that isolatedfrom crossbred calves during an outbreak of keratoconjunctivitis in 1975. The virus has been characterised andidentified as infectious bovine rhinotrachetis (I BR) virus. The neutralizing antibodies and indirect haemtlglutinatingantibodies have been detected in a number of samples from the cows that had aborted and also from thecows suffering from reproductive disorders.CalvesBesides routine problems of diarrhoea and pneumonia in neonatal calves an outbreak of theileriasis andthe other of coccidiosis were investigated and controlled in time.The mortality in calves due to various pathological conditions is shown against each with in the parenthiscoliobacillosis(15), pneumonia (11), colispicaeunia (9), theileriasis (7), enteritis (5), peritonitis andcoccidiosis (1).I n buffaloes 2 calves died of coli-septicaemia and 1 of colibacillosis.DISEASE INVESTIGATION AND DIAGNOSESheepThe samples received from different parts of the country for diagnosis of various diseases in sheep onexamination showed prevalence of theileriasis, chlamydial pneumonia, enterotoxaemia, fasciliosis, jaaziekete,chronic progressive pneumonia, suppurative bronchiopneumonia, fibrous bronchiopneumonia, acute haemorrhagictracheitis, acute serofibrinous pleuritis. pericarditis, cerebral meningitis, necrotic hepatitis, parasitic Iymphyodinitisand hepatitis. schistosomiasis, intestinal coccidiosis, toxaemia and peritonitis.GoatAn out break of contagious ecthyma involving 20 Black Bengal kids and 15 Barbari goats was recorded.The lesions were more severe in the kids. All the kids responded to palleative treatment. The broad spectrumantibiotics were also administered to check secondary complications.The samples received from different parts of the country for diagnosis were diagnosed as cases ofcongenital goitre, parasitic suppurative bronchopneumonia and damage to liver probably due to hepatotoxins.POST GRADUATE RESEARCHStudies on the pathology of diseases in laboratory mice (Mus musculus)The percentage of various pathological conditions in Mus musculus were diagnosed as staphylococcalbotrymycosis due to Staphylococcus aureus (18.59%), suppurative pneumonia due to coagulase and mannitol

30positive S. aureus (8.57%), suppurative pneumonia due to Corynebactirium sp. (4.28%), Pasteurella pneumoniadue to Pasteurella pneumotropica (11.43%), Corynebacterial pseudotuberculosis due to C. pseudotuberculosismuris (2.85%), meteritis due to Staphylicoccus sp. (2.85%), mesentric abscess associated with Peseudomonasaernginosa (1.43%), Mycoplasma pneumonia due to Mycoplasma sp. (20%), condidiasis due to Candidatropicatis (4.28%). lymphosarcoma (4.28%), reticulum cell sarcoma (1.43%), mammary fibrosarcoma (1.43%),mammary adenosarcoma (5.71 %), granulomatus changes in lungs and liver due to foreign bodies (1.43%) andatrophy of kidney. Amongst the conditions diagnosed above, pneumonia caused by P. pneumotripica, corynebacterialpsedotuberculosis, condiadiasis and mammary fibrosarcoma are recorded for the first time from the country.Studies on the Pathology of Chronic Lesions in Mammary Glands of Buffaloes (Bubalus Bulalis)About 8,000 buffaloes were screened and 140 quarters were collected for the above studies. Thepercentage of chronic abnormalities were recorded as Straptococcal mastitis (6.6%), staphylococcal mastitis(30.00~~), corynebacterial mastitis (2584%), botrymycosis (1.66%), fusiform mastitis (0.83%), E. coli mastitis(0.83%). actinomycosis (254%). mixed organisms (5.84%), non-specific· 8.34%), squamous metaplasis (5.84%),epitheliosis (2.50%). fibrocystic disease (0.83%), papillomas (4.17%), fibroadenoma (0.83%) andlymphosarcoma (1.66%).PARASITOLOGYEffect of Gamma Radiation and Chemosterilants on the Reproductive Potential of TicksInvestigations on the effect of chemosterilants and gamma radiation on the reproductive potential ofargasid and ixodid ticks revealed that Thiotepa, a chemosterilant, on topical application at a dose of 0.522microlitre/tick induced sterility in the poultry tick, Argas Persicus. The gamma radiation doses of 2 kr impairedthe feeding of females besides rendering their eggs non-viable. At 1-1.5 kr doses the feeding of females wasnot impaired but the degree of induced sterility was of low order.Immunological Studies on Sheep Stomach Worm Haemonchus Contortus with Reference toProduction of Live Attenuated VaccineThe level of immunity in lambs following vaccination with larvae exposed to 40 kr to 60 kr dose level wasstudied. The larvae irradiated at 40 kr., 50 kr and 60 kr were administered to 3 groups of 5 lambs each,respectively, while the fourth group served as control. The lambs in group I were each given 4,000 larvaeirradiated at 40 kr. those in group II received 4.000 larvae irradiated at 60 kr. The vaccine thus consisted of 4.000irradiated larvae. The eggs per gram of faeces were determined. pev were also determined from the bloodof the infected animals collected at regular intervals following infection. Two of the lambs from each groupwere examined 30 days after vaccination to study the development of worms. On an average, 42 worms wererecovered from 40 kr group, 15 worms from 50 kr group, and 10 worms from 60 kr group.The remaining immunized lambs and animals of group IV were challenged with 4,000 normal larvae 35days after vaccination. The animals in all the 4 groups were examined on day 65 and a detailed parasitologicalexamination was conducted. On an average, 70 worms were recovered from 40 kr group, 30 worms 50 krgroup and 21 worms from 60 kr group. In group IV unvaccinated control 228 worms were recovered. Theresults indicated that a large percentage of larvae had developed into adult worms in the animals of the controlgroup whereas only small number of worms developed in the.animals of the vaccinated groups. It is alsoevident from the above that 60 kr is the suitable attenuation dose, to produce desired degree of inactivation inH. contortus, for use as a vaccine.

31IMMUNOLOGY OF FASCIOLIASISThe laboratory bred Lymnea auricularia was infected with the laboratory raised miracidia of F. giganticaand the metacercariae thus raised in the laboratory were irradiated at 2, 3 and 4 kr. Such irradiated metacercariaewere used to infect the Golden Hamster at the rate of 40 metacercariae per hamster. The control group wasinfected with non-irradiated metacercariae. These hamster immunised with irradiated metacercariae werechallenged with the normal metacercariae and no significant differences could be noticed in worm burden ofthe experimental and control groups.Studies on Theileria and TheileriasisThe techniques for the maintenance and rearing of Hyalomma (H) a. anatolicum which is the principalvector of Theileria annulata in this country were standardised. The role of two other species, H. (H) domedariiand H. (H.) marginatum isaaci in the transmission of theileriasis in India were also studied. Suitable controlmeasures for the vector were studied alongwith investigations on the systematics, biology and ecology ofH. (H.) a. anatolicum. The work indicated that we are probably dealing with another sub-species of theH. rH.) anatolicum complex.The field isolates of T. annulata collected from Agra, Lucknow and Meerut during previous years continuedto be maintained in bovine calves and in the vector. This procedure will have to be continued till stable celllines in cell cu Iture are established and our techniques for cryopreservation are well established.Attempts were made to maintain the parasite in liquid nitrogen. At the height of pyrexia when lymphglands showed schizonis, the lymph gland from the prescapuJar region was biopsied, dissected out and thelymphocytes diluted with Eagle's M EM, glycerol upto 15% and with a final cell concentration of 2 x 10 6 cells/ml.'The material was stored in liquid nitrogen in time and the material got spoiled. In another trial the material wascooled to -40°C at the rate of 60/min in an electronically controlled equipment but here again the erratic supplyof liquid nitrogen spoiled the material in storage.It has been possible to maintain infected lymphocytes in suspension cultures for over 20 weeks. Thecells in culture did not grow well and we did not get a growth curve in the log 2 phase. The cells in culturedid not undergo transformation. Our attempts to isolate a cell culture undergoing Iymphoblastoid transformationhave been unsuccessful so far but the effofts are being continued.A few calves were inoculated with the schizonts grown in cell culture and a month later challenged withinfected ticks. The results were encouraging in as much as the immunised calves withstood the challenge withno pyrexia, no enlargement of the peripheral lymph glands and a very low grade parasitemia in the erythrocytes.The controls doveloped classical theileriasis but without mortality. This work will be repeated with more numberof calves in the coming year. The work clearly showed that it was possible to vaccinate calves with materialobtained from the primary cultures itself. The establishment of a stable cell line will overcome the technologicalhurdles and pave the way for production of a suitable vaccine.During the year under report we set up Flourescent Antibody Test for screening the immunological statusof the animals recovering from natural infection as also those which were inoculated with schizonts from thecell culture. The results showed that the FAT titres were comparable in both the groups. We had a limitedsupply of the anti bovine gamma globulin labelled with FIT6 and further work will be undertaken with freshsupplies.Theileriasis was diagnosed in a few buffaloes. However, screening of buffaloes of different age groupsat our dairy proved negative. The transmissibility of bovine theileriasis to buffalo calves was also studied.

32In Vitro Cultivation of Theileria AnnulataCytochemical studies on the distribution of RNA, DNA, polysaccharides, proteins, nucleoproteins and lipidsin the lymphocytic and erythrocytic stages of T. annulata as well as the respective host cells, were made duringthis period. These studies suggest that the theileria I particles in schizonts and only a granule in the piroplasmare composed of DNP (Deoxyribonucleo-proteins). The remaining part of intraerythrocytic stages contains RNP(ribnucleoprotein). T. annulata infected bovine lymphocytes, grown in vitro were also subjected to similarcytochemical procedures. These studies were only preliminary in nature. Such preparation are being valuated.Investigation on the Biology and Control of AnaplasmosisFully engorged female ticks of Boophilus microplus Canestrini, Hyalomma a. anatolicum KochRhipicephalus sanguineus Latreille, and R. haemaphysaloides supino were collected and are being reared in thelaboratory at 25°C and 85% R. H. for raising sterile colonies.Host Parasite Relationship in Bunstomiasis of Sheep and GoatsThe donors for Bunstomum trigonocephaillm infections were maintained for regular supply of infectivelarvae through faecal culture. Studies were carried out on the biology, age resistance, transcolostrae infection,haematology and reinfection immunity in lambs, kids and laboratory hosts. It was possible to recover somedevelopmental stages of the parasite from some of the laboratory hosts and further attempts are being made toestablish the infection in these hosts through cortisone stress. In lambs and kids heavy dose, of infective larvaegiven PIC, proved fatal and the animals died 4th week post infection. The manifestations of reinfectionimmunity was found with lower percentage establishment of the secondary or challenge infection, stunted growthand lower out put of the eggs.Studies on the Radiation Attenuated Vaccines with Particular Reference to the Lungworm ofSheep and Goats Dictyocaulus FilariaThe survey done during the years 1975 and 1976 showed that Garhwal Hills of Uttar Pradesh are endemicfor lungworm infection in sheep and goats. At Pashulok in the foot-hills of Himalayas the lungworm infectionin sheep ranged from 6.2 to 7.8 percent. At higher altitudes in places like Joshimath, Kedarkanth and Harsi!it ranged from 41.10 to 57.00 percent. The extensive survey has shown that the infection D. filaria iswidespread both in sheep and goats. The infection in goats is about 18.00 percent. Because the sheep andgoats graze in the same pastures in Garhwal hills, therefore, the control of infection in goats alongwith thatiii sheep also becomes a necessity.I n all 11,000 animals were surveyed. 2,'64 animals between the age group of 3-6 months were vaccinatedagainst the disease. The follow up of these vaccinated lambs has proved that the vaccine is highly satisfactoryin controlling the lungworm infection.Pattern of Mortality in Cross Bred CattleEPIDEMIOLOGYAn analysis of mortality data for cattle for the period 1965 to 1973 -for 16.557 animals belonging to fiveherd units at three farms has revealed (i) a crude death rate (CDR) of 26.85% for the entire nine year periodof study with a range of 6.94% to 49.33% in different units (ii) genetic type specific rates for Bl (75% exoticinheritance), Flo F2 and Fa (50% exotic inheritance) were 25.32, 12.22, 10.28 and 8.05%, respectively, (iii)54.68% of the total deaths occurred during the first year of life and (ill) gastro-intestinal disorders accountedfor the largest proportion (26.68%) of mortality, followed' by debility (19.02%), pneumonia (13.54%) andanaemia (9.30%).

33The analysis of crude death rate (CDR), bree.d specific death rate (BDR) and sex-breed specific deathrate (SBDR) in different genetic types of cross bred cattle of 3 cattle units for the years 1971, 1972 and 1973indicated that (i) the CDR ranged from 5.88% in 1972 to 8.43% in 1973 and 9.53% in 1971 (ii) the maximumdeaths in all th'e 3 years were in the Brown Swiss crosses, and (iii) there were more deaths in males than int'emales during the years 1972 and 1973.Perinatal and Youngstock MortalityA survey was carried out on perinatal and youngstock mortality, which account for heavy losses amongall species of livestock at the organised farms in different states of the country. The results of preliminaryanalysis of mortality data for different species of farmstock for the three years (1973 to H)75) are given below.CattleThe data pertains to 114 cattle breeding herds located at 73 states and 1 union territory the cattlebreeding herds comprised of 54 herds of 16 indigenous breeds, 30 herds of 7 exotic breeds, 23 herds ofindigenous exotic cross bred animals and 7 herds of crosses between the indigenous breeds.Out of 13.821 pregnancies, the overall calf crop loss in the prenatal period was 1338%, 537% in theprenatal period due to embryonic and faetal deaths and 8,01% in the postnatal period upto 3 months of age. Theperinatal mortality (P. N. M.) rate in different states ranged from 6.165% to 15.92% prenatal mortality from 1.88to 11.62% whereas the postnatal loss was from 2.02 to 13.41 %. I n some states such as Andhra Pradesh, Assam,Himachal Pradesh and Punjab, the loss froni prenatal mortality was higher than that from postnatal mortality. In,all the other states, the loss from postnatal mortality was comparatively higher than that from prenatal mqrtality.There was a significant breed effect on the P. N. M. rate; altogether among the indigenous breeds(54 herds). the exotic breeds (30 herds), the indigenous-exotic cross breeds (23) and the indigenous crossbreeds (7), the P. N. M. rates \(\Iere 10.73% (4.48 prenatpl +6.25% postnatal), 16.00% (10.04 +5.96},21.04%(5.00 +15.95) and 6.53% 20.2+4.54). respectively. Among all the breeds except the exotic breeds, the postnatalmortality rate far exceeded the prenatal mortality rate and was nearly twice as much as the latter. Among theexotic breeds on the other hand, the prenatal mortality rate (10.04%) was considerably higher than the postnatalmortality rate (5.96%).The time of the year did not appear to effect the postnatal mortality rate significantly in the cattlebreeding herds.BuffaloesThe data pertains to 23 buffalo breeding herds (including 20 herds of Murrah breed) at 22 farms in 6states and one union territory. Of the 2,812 pregnancies, there was a perinatal loss of 21.73%: 5.83% in theprenatal period and 15.90% in the pos~natal period upto ~ months of age. The overall P. N. M. rate in differentstates ranged from 12.99 to. 43.90%; the prenatal mortality from 1.54 to 10,98% and postnatal mortality wasconsiderably higher than that from prenatal mortality, the former being three times more than the latter.The time of the year had a significant effect on the postnatal mortality rate; of the total deaths, 51.67%occurred during the 3 month period October to December and 76.72% during 5 month period September toJanuary. The month-wise distribution of mortality ranged from 1.57 to 6.94% of total deaths during Februa'ryto August and 12.30 to 20.13% during September to January.SheepThe mortality data belongs to 19 sheep breeding farms of indigenous breeds in 5 states. Out of 15,710 liveborn lambs 17.53% died within the first year of birth. The mortality rate varied from 23.1 % in 1973, to 18.1 %

34in 1974 and 14.1 % in 1975. The mortality rate in the farms, located in various states, varied from 5.64% (3.57-15.79 in different years) in one state to 37.83% (20.2 -53.3) in another state.At 10 farms where the detailed information regarding the exact age and the time of death was available;out of 6,636 live born lambs, 1,332 (20.07%) died within first year of age. Of 1hese 1,332 deaths, 176(13.'l1%) occurred within the hrst month of the birth, 496 (37.24%) within the 3 months and 934 (70.12%)within the 6 months of the birth. The season and the geographic location influenced the mortality patternamong the youngstock. Altogether, the mortality was considerably higher during the 3 month period i. e. fromMarch to May (36.48% of the total mortality) and from December to February (31.82%) as compared to thatfrom June to August (13.51%) and from September to November (18.18%). This pattern of mortality wasObserved in the sheep farms in Karnataka and Rajasthan while in Tamil Nadu and Jammu a Kashmir (one farmin each state) pattern differed in one farm in the former state 65 (73.86%) out of 88 deaths occurred, in 4 monthperiod (April to July), while in the latter state, quite a high proportion (44%) of the deaths occurred duringthe 4 month period (August to November).PigsThe abortion and piglet mortality data relates to 26 piggeries maintaining 35 herds of different breedsin 10 states and 2 union territories. In these herds out of 3,483 pregnancies, 241 (6.92%) ended with abortion;198 (6.64%) out of 2,983 pregnancies among herds of large white breed, 33 (7.73%) out of 427 amongLandrace and 10 (27%) out of 37 among Saddleback. While no pregnancy wastage due to abortion had beenrecorded in any of the herds in some states, in others it ranged from 2.65% to 14.21 %.Out of 26,893 piglets born from 3,242 farrowings in all the 35 herds. 1,228 (4.56%) were stillborn. Ofthese, out of 9,998 piglets born from 1.135 farrowings in 3 herds for which piglet mortalitv data was suppliedupto 8 weeks of age, 327 (3.27%) were stillborn and 1803 (18%) died within the 8 weeks of the birth.Out of 16,895 piglets born in 2,107 farrowings at 32 herds, 901 (5.33%) were born dead and 2,005(11.85%) died within 12 weeks of birth. Breedwise, in the largewhite herds (22 herds), out of 15,304 pigletsborn in 1,881 farrowings, 794 (5.19%) were born dead and 1,676 (10.95%) died within 12 weeks of birthresulting in a total loss of 16.14%. Total mortality figures (still births and deaths upto 3 months of age) forlandrace (6 herds, 163 farrowings) Saddle back (2 herds, 27 farrowings) and cross bred (2 herds and 36farrowings) are 20.61% (6.21 +23.40), 26.02% (18.37+7.65) and 19.71% (0.70+10.01), respectively.Of the total deaths among the live-born piglets 43.1% died within the 2 weeks of the birth, 61.7% withinthe 4 weeks and 86.7% within the 8 weeks of the birth.The male, female ratio of dead piglets was 51 :49 Largewhite and 53 : 45 in Landrace.Out of 1,860 piglet deaths occurring within 12 weeks of the birth, about which the information on therecorded cause of the death was available. 388 (20.86%) were reported to have died of debility/emaciation,201 (15.65%) due to enteritis, 212 (11.40%) due to weak birth, 16 ~ (8.82%) due to pneumonia, 136 (7.31 'Yo)due to overlaying and 129 (6.94%) due to agalactia.Pashmina GoatsAn analysis of the mortality data for Pashmina goat breeding farm for the 8 year period (1968·1975)consisting of 116 deaths upto the age of one year showed that 6.9% of deaths occurred within the first monthof the birth, 40.5% within the 3 months, and 84.5% within the first 6 months.During the past 3 years, out of 104 kids born, 43 (41.35%) died within the first year of life.Of these43 death, 4 (9.30%) within 3 months, and 35 (81.39%) within 6 months of the birth. There was quite a

35pronounced seasonal effect on the mortality as 19 (44.18%) deaths occurred during the rainy months of Augustand September and 34 (79.07%) deaths occurred during a 4 months period (July to October). Pneumonia andgastroenteritis alone or in combination with each other accounted for almost all the deaths.Mortality Pattern in PoultryThe analysed data on the recorded causes of death was based on the post-mortem examinations conductedat the I. V. R. I. during the 3 years (1972 to 1974). The chickens belonged to the Institute Poultry Farm andthe other farms located in the Uttar Pradesh (U. P.) etc. Poultry breeds maintained at these locations weredivisible into two major groups i.e. poultry for egg and poultry for meat.Out of 66,380 chickens that were examined, 44.12% died within the 4 weeks of age, 12.60% within the5 to 8 weeks and 30.16% within 9 to 20 weeks of age.Among the recorded causes of death, omphalitis was responsible for 11.03% of the total:deaths, pneumonia9.60%, coccidiosis 8.18% and chronic respiratory disease (CRD) 7.51 %. The other important diseases whichaccounted for a substantial proportion of cases included enteritis (2.51%), fowl-pox (2.38%), Marek's disease(1.78%), worm infestations (1.21 %), egg peritonitis (1.11 %) and leucosis (1.07%). In 31.66% of the cases,becauses of putrifactive changes and cannibalism, etc. the pathological causes of death could not beestablished.Among the 29,289 chicks which died within 4 weeks of age, 7,320 (24.99%) died of omphalitis, 5,709(19.49%) due to pneumonia and 1,173 (4.00%) due to coccidiosis. Among those which died within 5 to 8weeks of age, coccidiosis, pneumonia and enteritis appeared to be the major hazards. In the 9-20 weeks agegroup, CRD, coccidiosis, fowl-pox, Marek's disease and enteritis were the important causes of the death. In olderbirds (over 20 weeks of age), CRD, egg peritonitis, leucosis, worm infestations, enteritis and coccidiosis werecomparatively more commonly encountered.The disease pattern encountered in the poultry for meat (PEM) differed in certain respects from that in thepoultry for egg (PEF). For instance out of total deaths in the respective poultry groups, the relative proportionof deaths during the period 0-4 weeks was lower (35.42%) in the (PEM) as compared to that (47.06%) inthe PFE. In the PEM, chronic respiratory disease accounted for a larger proportion of cases (14.58%) occurrenc&of coccidiosis (8.05%), pneumonia (10.71%) and fowl-pox (2.99%) was higher than that in the PFE in whichthese diseases accounted for 2,59, 6,29 and 0.58% of deaths, respectively.Epizootic Disease SurveillanceThe information on the reported occurrence in the country of five major epizootic diseases namelyfoot-and-mouth disease, rinderpest, haemorrhagic septicaemia, black quarter and anthrax during the past nineteenyears has been processed.The reported occurrence of rinderpest for which an All India Eradication Campaign has been in progress forthe past 22 years, has gone down considerably but continued to be reported from 9 states in 1974 and 1975.Kerala and Assam did not report any outbreak in 1975, but Maharashtra and Rajasthan which had beenapparently free from this disease in 1974, reported 3 cases (one outbreak) and 116 cases (3 outbreaks),respectively, during 1975. The disease remained endemic during most part of the year in Tamil Nadu, AndhraPradesh and to a lesser extent in Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh. In other States, the occurrence of thedisease was reported only occasionally.

36The reported occurr'ence of the other four diseases had shown a remarkable declinIng trend during thepast few years upto 1974 but in 1975 a rather sharp increase was recorded. This increase was due to theincreased activity of these infections in almost alf parts of the country, because an appreciable increase inoccurrence was recorded by almost all the reporting states. Nevertheless, inspite of quite pronounced yeareffect responsible for reported annual fluctuations in the incidence, there has been a noticeable long termdeclining trend in the reported occurrence of haemorrhagic septicaemia and to a lesser extent also of blackquarter and anthrax, since the quinquennial annual average occurrence of these diseases had gone down from44,022, 20,241 and 4,668 cases for the period 1957-1961 to 21,023, 12,213 and 1.990 cases for the period1971-1975, respectively. The reported occurrence of foot and mouth disease had shown considerable year toyear fl uctuations ranging from over 6,00,000 cases in 1968 to 70,000 cases in 1973.BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTSThe activities of the Division comprised teaching, research and large scale production of VeterinaryBiologicals and their supply to the field. The production and supply of veterinary biologicals was maintained atsatisfactory level. In alf, 16.47 million doses of 29 types of products worth Rs. 23,24,849.50 were produced andbiologicals worth Rs. 22, 41,240 were issued to the field.Rabies VaccineBesides producing 14,286 doses of rabies (flury) vaccine, efforts were directed towards setting up andgenerating laboratory facilities for studies on BPL inactivated anti rabic vaccine and Gell culture propagatedrabies vaccine.,Studies on Swine Fever: Cell Culture VaccineThe rabbit kidney cell cultures were infected with 1:100 dilution of infected rabbit spleen after passing,through miflipore filter. The cultures were incubated for 60 days. The material was harvested after 3 cycles offreezing and thawing. Three passages of the virus were carried out in this system and no CPE was observed.The 1 st and 2nd passage material on being tested in rabbits showed an enhancement in the presence of~he virus.Lapi"nised Swine Fever VaccineSince the yield of swine fever vaccine currently being produced from spleen of rabbits is small, effortswere made to explore the possibilities of augmenting ths yield by incorporating other organs like mesentric lymphnodes, liver, lungs and kidneys.The antigen content of these organs and the blood was detected by CGA test. The results revealed thathigher antigen contents were present in the spleen and mesentric lymph nodes. In other organs either "tIle orno antigen content was present. The virus titre of the pooled sample in these organs on being tested in rabbitsshowed that significant amount of virus was present in spleen and mesentric lymph nodes. The titration resultsof the 4 batches of the vaccine prepared by including spleen, lymph nodes and blood, and also those pre,paredby the conventional method. showed no Significant difference in titres of the respective vaccines.The yield of the vaccine produced by the new method would be 3-4 times more than conventional one.The stability of the vaccine is similar to that of the conventional vaccine. Therefore, the new method is beingrecommended for the production of the vaccine.

37Stability of Ranikhet Disease VaccineThe R. D. and R. F. F. Vaccines were freeze dried and stored at -20°C for varying periods. No significantdifference was observed in the virus tit res of these vaccines when stored for 622 and 85 days, respectively.Therefore, a production programme of the R. D. and R. D. F. vaccines can be oriented to build a buffer stockfor nearly 2-8 years. No decline was observed in the virus titre of the R. D. vaccine when stored for 91 days at4°C. Based on the minimum standard of virus titre the R. D. F. vaccine was found to remain stable for 40 daysat 37°C and above 91 days at the room temperature.Inativcated Sheep-pox VaccineExperiments on the susceptibility of sheep to the Russian strain of sheep-pox virus showed that thecrossbred were far more susceptible than the local bred (non descript) for production of the above vaccineusing Russian procedure, an experimental batch of the vaccine was prepared and the vaccine was found to safe,sterile and potent.Improvement of H. S. Adjuvant Vaccine by AerationTwelve titres of aerated cultures opacity 6 were produced and formalized. The opacity of one part wasraised to 7 and that of the other to 10 by adding formalized agar washed culture. The oil adjuvant vaccinesprepared from 7 and 10 opacity cultures were found potent in rabbits and bull calves.Salmonella Type Specific CultureBesid~s preparing '0' type sera and generating facilities for its preparation, the facilities for the productionof 'H' type sera have also been created.Standardising diagnostic procedures for tuberculosis and Johne's disease and studying the problem ofnon-specific reactions, 1,102 animals were subjected to tuberculin and Johnies test.A brew of avian tuberculin was prepared from M. avian (strain D 4) grown on a synthetic mediumfor serving as a standard during the potency testing of future batches of this product. Three brews ofmammalian tuberculin and one brew of avian tuberculin were subjected to potency test before issuing themfor use in the field.Experimental Vaccination Against Johne's DiseaseTo study the possible use of this vaccine in cattle without undue interference with tuberculosis controlprogramme in a herd, four healthy non-reacting adult bovines were injected with a killed vaccine containinglarge dose of M. paratuberculosis (50 mg) and subjechld to Johnies and tuberculin tests three and half monthslater. The results indicated that it would be possible to evolve a method for differentiating true tuberculinsensitivity in a known vaccinated animal from tuberculin cross reactivity resulting from Johne's vaccine.Augmenting Production of Diagnostic Antigens (Johnies and Tuberculin)A brew comprising about 40,000 doses, was prepared and tested, for potency testing, the facilities weredeveloped locally by sensitizing the bovine with a killed culture of M. paratuberculosis. These animals evincedquite satisfactory reaction for standardizing the sensitivity.Studies on the Diagnosis of GlandersWith the accent on the improving the diagnostic antigen, a small scale pilot trial showed that theconventional method of sterilising the medium by steaming on th ree successive days results in charring of the

38carbohydrate content. Although such a medium does support the growth but it renders the end productexcessively dark besides making it difficult to observe the grade of resulting turbidity for a comparative study.To overcome this difficulty autoclaving at 15 Ibs/sq in pressure was adopted as a sterilising procedure duringthe trial of different synthetic media. The ph of different media employed in the experiments was adjusted at7.4 with NH 4 0H. The results of visual estimation and weighment of growth in the media indicate that thosemedia that contain the least amount of 1- asparagin and glycerol give reasonably good growth for productionof mallein.The virulent and lapinized strains of the swine fever virus were propagated in these rabbit, guinea pig,bovine, pig -kidney and pig-testicular cell Cultures. These virus strain failed to induce any cytopathic changesduring their propagation in the above cell cultures. Highest titres were recorded in pig-kidney cell culture.Both EMD & HEIC tests failed to detach the lapinised strain of the virus. The lapinized virus at 10th and 20thpassage levels was immunogenic to pigs.The virulent virus was inactivated by formaldehyde ultra bioI and gamma rays. The virus inactivated withgamma rays was found to be immunogenic. The sensitivity of immunodiffusion, complement fixation andconglutinating complement absorption tests in the detection of the antigen was tested. The conglutinatingcomplement absorption test was found to be most sensitive and can be used for the diagnosis of the disease.STANDARDISATIONStandardisation of biological does not involve only testing of the finished product but it also involves acontinuous process of quality control starting right from basic raw materials to the time the product is inoculatedin the animals in the field. The activities of the Division of Standardisation in the year 1976 were directedtowards creating infrastructure for fulfilling this goal.Type Culture Collection and sera depository have been established with a view to maintain and supply (a)standard cultures so that a uniform and potent seed material is made available to different production units andresearch centres in the country (b) standard antisera for standardisation of antigens and typing of isolates etc.Various biological production centres were also linked with this Division through extension advisoryservices which helped in maintaining uniform testing procedures through out the country.Final products were tested under Drugs & Cosmetics Act 1940 through the samples drawn by the DrugsControl authorities of the States.AVIAN DISEASESThe work on three research projects viz; Pathology of reproductive disorders of poultry, evaluation of theimmunogenicity of the indigenous strain of IB virus and the immunosuppressive effect of infectious bursal diseasevirus in chickens continued satisfactorily.Twenty one day old chickens were infected intramuscularly with an indigenously isolated IB virus. Thelesions produced in the oviduct were typical of lB. The subtypes of lymphocytes infiltrating into the lesions werepredominantly B cells (bursa dependant) as determined by fluorescent antibody technique.In an attempt to have a sufficiently virulent strain of IB virus for challenge purposes there was found noenhancement of the virulence of an indigenously isolated IB virus following 19 serial chicken to chicken passagesin PPLO free birds. Non availability of IB free (SPF) chickens for the virus passage could possibly be the mainfactor for non-enhancement of virulence.•

51.No.39STATEMENT SHOWING PRODUCTION AND SUPPLY OF VETERINARY BIOLOGICALPRODUCTS w. e. f. * 1.1.76 to 28.12.76Name of products1. B. Q. vaccine2. Fowl Pox vaccine (CEVL)3. Ranikhet Disease vaccine (Living)4 Anthrax Spore vacc;~ne5. H. S. Adjuvant vaccine6. Entrotoxaemia vaccine7. Horse Sickness vaccine8. Br. Ab. Coloured antigen9. Br. Ab. Plain10. Br. Ab. Positive serum11. Br. Ab. Strain (19) vaccine12. Sal. Ab. equi 'H' Antigen13. Sal. Pull. Plain Antigen14. Sal. Pull. Coloured anti.15. Sal. Ab. Equi vaccine16. Sal. Pull. Positive17. F. D. P. D. Vaccine ('F' Strain)18. FD Lap Swine fever vaccine19. RP Goat Tissue Vaccine20. FDRP Tissue Culture vaccine21. F. D. fowl Spiro. vaccine22. Tuberculin Concentrated23. Avian Tuberculin24. Mallein Subcut25. Mallein I. D. P.26. Anti Rabie vaccine 5% Carbo.27. Rabies vaccine (L) CEO28. *Foot and Mouth Disease vaccine (poly)29. Johnis30. Healthy Calf Serum31. P. B. L. O. AntigenQuantity produced(Stock Tested)5,17,150 doses14,00,000 "25,40,000 ,.l,9.t.020 "1,75,400 I'2,92.600 ..32,040 "5,500 mi.95,250 "6,975 doses750 mi.1.250 "5,820 "40,70,200 doses1,03,200 "64,88,050 "16,000 "78,300 "57.000 doses3,50,810 ml.14,906 doses42.175 "20,000 "2,100 mi.Quantity supplied497,150 doses14,11,400 "24.92,600 "1,74,481,75,100 "2,60,000 "31,908 "5,560 mI.97,000 "225 "6,975 doses750 mI.1,250 "6,120 "88 mi.40,70,200 doses88,870 ,I1,800 "65,58,210 'II16,524 "88,260 "1,970 "23J II37,295 ,.3,36,180 mi.14,259 doses42,137 "66,440 "2,160 ml.32. Multi component Clostridial vaccine 3,54,200 doses 3,45.900 doses33. Sheep pox vaccine 12,050 " 12,050 "34. Mixed strepto vaccine 660 660----------~~~----------------------------------~~~"----------------~ "TOTAL 1,64.15,626 doses 1,63,94.421 doses&&* Manufactured at Muktes'Nar and supplies made from this DiviSion.4,61,540 ml. 4,49,333 ml.

40For studying the immunosuppressive effect of infectious bursal disease (IBD) in chickens attempts weremade to isolate IBD virus from suspected dead chickens. Five materials produced inconsistent embryo mortalityand embryo lesions suggestive of IBD agent.For the quick diagnosis of I B, I L T and CELOwere prepared for instantaneous use.virus infections by field veterinarians, freeze dried antigensAll the standard viral agents, vaccine seeds and avian mycoplasma were maintained in freeze dried form.Disease investigation into the mortality in chickens of 5 different poultry farms was made and conditions ofMarek's disease at three, aflatoxicosis at one and osteodystrophic condition at on e farm were diagnosed. Thematerial received from ducks in Kerala, where heavy mortality was suspected due to duck plague, was foundto be negative for the duck plague virus when subjected to biological test in embryos, chicks and cell culture.Health coverage was provided to birds of the Division of Poultry Research. A total number of 17,203(10,540 chickens, 6.663 Quails) necropsies were conducted. The maximum mortality in chickens was in 0 to 8week age group. The different conditions causing mortality in the descending order were pneumonia/chilling,emphalitis/unabsorbed yolk, enteritis (undetermined) coccidiosis, CRD/air sacculitis, seed tick infestation,ascaridiasis, nephrosis, egg peritonitis, lymphoid leucosis, heat stroke osteodystrophic condition, hepatitis, vitaminA deficiency, Marek's disease, nephritis, enteritis (ulcerative), toxic hepatitis associated with ascitis, visceral gout,aspergillosis, fowl pox, enteritis (necrotic), rickets and taeniasis.The freeze dried viral antigens were developed for instantaneous use directly by the field veterinarians foreconomically important viral diseases such as infectious bronchitis (IB), infectious laryngetracheitis (ILT), andchicken embryo lethal orphan virus (CELO) infection. Previously, the diagnosis was much delayed because whenthe respective active viruses were sent and they had to be cultivated further by the recipient for preparing theantigen before arriving at a diagnosis. The freeze dried antigens have an added advantage for the reason thatthey can be stored for longer time without any refrigeration or cooling during transport.Fluorescent antibody technique (FAT) was developed and perfected for quick and reliable diagnosis of• Iimportant and newly recognised diseases like infectious bronchitis and avian encephalemyelitis. This techniquegives 'conclusive diagnosis in less than an hour.EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE & SURGERYExperimental Trials in Osseus and Synthetic Material in Bone HealingPreliminary trial reveals' it to be an inert .material and does not eveke any immunological reaction, therewere no pathophysiological effects even after 3 months post operatively, however, slight oedema persisted for2-3 days which might be du e to its immediate physical interal immobilization. This side effect can be easilyavoided by support of external immobilization. However, this is a radiolucent material. However, Technevitalone will not be sufficient to provide complete immobilization in case of fracture of long bane in large animals.An Experimental Study on Partial By-Pass of Duodenum by Gastroduodenal Anastomosis in MonoandPolygastric AnimalsIn total nine trials were made in partial by-pass of duedonum in buffalo calves (3) and pigs (6) to evaluatethe surgical technique and to observe the post operativ 7complications if any, due to surgical procedure.All the animals survived the surgery and no complication was observed during and after the observation.All the animals were observed at least for three months post operatively. One pig died after three months of theoperation post mortem revealed haemorrhagic gastroentritis, however. operative site was normal and there wasno leakage at the site of anastemoses, though the experiment opening was constricted. All the remaining five

41animals were slaughtered and examined for the potency of anastomotic site, adhesions or leakage if any. Inthree out of 5 pigs the experimental opening was completely patent, however, in one slightly constricted andin one animal it was found completely closed.Preliminary trials have reveJled that the surgical procedure helps in producing better quality of pork.Detailed study in this regard will be undertaken in the division in collaboration with the division of livestockProduction Technology, and P. C. (Pigs).We have observed that retransplantation of ureter can be easily done in bovines and surgery is welltolerated. However, in fellow-up cases it was seen that it is difficult to hold ureter in rumen for longer period.Special surgical sutures are under consideration to achieve the optinum results.Health CoverageDuring the year under report, intensive health care has been provided in all the animal holding units at theInstitute and its campuses at Mukteswar and Makhdoom. The total number of cases attended are as under :-Experimental surgeryDewormingVaccinationClinicalSurgicalPostnatal care1086506396141859807787PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGYThe main objectives of the Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology are to investigate the therapeutic use -of some of the indigenous medicinal plants for their anthelmintic activity and to evaluate the environmentalpollution of the animal feeds, fodders and livestock products with special reference to the commonly usedpesticides. The toxicology laboratory is also engaged in diagnostic and investigation work regarding toxicityproblems encountered under the field conditions due to the poisonous plants, insecticides, toxic minerals andmycotoxins.Indigenous medicinal plantsIn the pharmacology and plant chemistry laboratory, different fractions and pure compounds isolated fromButea frondosa (palas) seeds were thoroughly screened for their in vitro anthelmintic activity against A5caridlagalli. The active principle palasonin was found to exert anthelmintic effect against Ascaris lumbricoides butit was not effective against Ascaridia galli. When further tested on various other worms namely-Fasciolopsisbuskii, setaria cervi Haemonchus contortus, Fasciola hepatica and earth worm, palasonin was found effectiveagainst the first three. The residue left over after isolating palasonin and other compounds was also found:to bepartially effective against Ascaris lumbricoides and Ascaridia galli.The mechanism of anthelmintic action of palasonin was investigated on the whole worm and nerve-musclepreparations of Ascaris lumbricoides. Like piperazine, Palasonin produced paralysant effect on both thepreparations by blocking the neuromuscular junctional sites. On dose basis, palasonin appears to be morepotent than piperazine.Palasonin has been found to exert interesting pharmacodynamic actions on isolated smooth musclepreparations like guineapig ileum, rabbit jejunum, rat fundus, chicken crop and rat utd(u5. It WJS also tested forits various pharmacological actions in intact animals.

42The mechanism of action of Cedrus deodara wood oil, an agent found to be effective against mange inanimals, was investigated in adult rabbits. On intradermal injection, the oil produced a dose-dependent increasein the capillary permeability as was judged by the leakage of the dye at the site of injection. It was not blocked byantinistaminic drug-mepyramine. Thus, the capillary permeability-increasing action of C. deodara oil mayfacilitate, and improve, the circulation at the site of the mange lesion and promote healing.PesticidesThe effect of the organophosphorous insecticide, Malathion, on the digestibility of ruminants was studiedby incorporating it at the dose levels of 880 and 800 ppm in the ration of cattle and a buffalo. The rumen iiquorwas collected from the fistulated animal at hourlY intervals from pre-feed to 4 hours post-feeding for determiningthe effect on the rumen microflora, total volatile fatty acids and ammonia.The insecticide was fed for a period of 10-15 days, prior to collecting the samples for evaluating the effect,so that the animals could normally get acclimatized to the changed feeding. The same animals served asself-controls and the basic data were collected before feeding the insecticide contaminated feed~ Malathion wasfed successively to the same animals at different dose levels without any break (Treatment I) and after allowingfeeding_period of 15 days as well as a rest period of 15 days between the successive feedings (Treatment II).Water was fed after the last sample post-feeding had been collected.In all the cases, it was found that the number of the protozoa is reduced at a hr. as well as the 4th hr.after ingestion of the contaminated feed while the number of bacteria proportionately increased suggesting thespecific effect on the rumen microflora. In case of total volatile fatty acids and ammonia concentration, it wasobserved that the levels were maintained at a higher plane than in the control dUring treatment I while intreatment II, the levels were lower than that of the control group. As such, the insecticide had a specific effecton the rumen functions.Post Graduate ResearchDetailed pharmacological investigations, with special emphasis on central muscle relaxant activity. were~'lrried out on a propiophenon compound-4-Fluro-3 (l-piperidyl) propiophenone. The compound exhibited atYpical central muscle relaxant property in various experimental designs, in that it blocked the polysynapticsomatic reflexes and antagonized the tetanic effect of strychnine on somatic reflexes in cats, and toxic convulsionsinduced by pentylenetetraz.ol, strychnine and SMES, but, failed to inhibit the clonic convulsions of pentylene·tetrazol and tremorine induced tremors in mice. The compound was found to be more potent than mephenesinwith the additional advantages of any haemolytic effect and, thus may become an ideal central muscle relaxant.Further, the compound showed a specific anthistaminic action of moderate degree when tested on the preparationshaving HI receptors.Investigations on the indigenous drug Lawsonia inermis (Mendhi) indicated the anti-bacterial andantifungal activity of different fractions but the glucoside isolated was inactive.VETY_ PUBLIC HEALTHThe divisional staff remained engaged in the spheres of comparative pathology, zoonosis, food hygiene, andis carrying out the responsibilities and functions of the FAO/WHO National Brucellosis Reference Centre.Comparative PathologyThe studies were carried out on the cerebral vessels of buffaloes and cattle for finding out the presence ofspontaneous lesions, if any. The interesting findings were the presence of changes of medial vacuolation and

43fibrous intimal plaques in few of the cerebral vessels of some of the cattle and buffalo specimens of ditterent agegroups.ZoonosisTo find out the cause {aetiology} of problem cases of persistent fever in human patients, commonlytermed Pyrexia of Unknown Origin (PUO) the serum samples from such cases, where the clinicians could notdiagnose the disease entitly, were collected for finding out, by serological means, if any important pathogen ofanimal origin was involved in the causation of the disease. The studies were carried out on such patientsattending Bareilly Hospitals, S. N. Medical College, Agra and G. M. Medical College, Kanpur.To determine the incidence of parasitic infections of Veterinary Public Health importance in human beingsin Bareilly city and the surrounding areas, a large number of stool samples and blood smears of human patientsvisiting the District Hospital Bareilly with gastro-intestinal disturbances and suspected to harbour blood protozoanand/or filarial infection were examined. Studies were also conducted on rodent, arthropods specimens andvegetable samples for finding out parasitic stages of zoonotic importance. The evidence of Hymene/opis andTaenia infection which are transmitted by animals was recorded.Food HygieneThe staphylococcal strains which were isolated from cases of diarrhoea in infants during the year 1973were phage typed this year. The results gave an indication that the milk in the infant milk bottles was thevehicle for the transmission of infection in many cases. In other words if the milk bottles are not properlycleaned and listed, the chances of transmission of infection get increased.FAO/WHO National Brucellosis Reference CentreThe Centre was transferred from M ukteswar to Izatnagar and later from the Division of Bacteriology &Mycology to the Division of Veterinary Public Health.The Centre remained engaged in the maintenance of standard Brucella strains, speciation of Brucellaisolates in India, supply and maintenence of National standard anti -Br. abortous serum, testing of materialreceived from different laboratories/Institutions. for diagnosis. training of personnel in brucellosis. formulation oftechnical programme on request for other Institutions/laboratories and the supply of the culture strains etc. Thecentre also prepared ABR antigens to supplying it to different consumers.Studies on Productivity andCrossbredANIMAL GENETICSReproductive Performance of indian Breeds of Cattle and TheirThe data on the fertility traits of Hariana COWl were analysed. The records of 483 Hariana cowsextending from 1969 to 1973 were investigated for (i) oestrus cycle length (ii) conception rate of the herd(iii) conception rate of the cows. The frequency distribution of 3,887 oestrus cycle lengths was investigated.It was observed that 57% of these oestrus cycles were repeated at 50 day intervals and 42% at 25 day interval.The variation in the oestrus cycle length was primarily due to environment. The conception rate of the herdbased on all inseminations which major the percentage conception in the herd are given below:- 1969-47%,1970 -55.7%. 1971-37.8%, 1972-64.9%, 1973-64.9% the effect of the season, studied in terms of monthsof conception has also been investigated.Studies On Genetic and Environmental Causes of Variation in Productivity of Indian BuffaloesThe total lactation milk yield during a lactation is mainly dependent on two components, namely the peakyield and the milk yield which is maintained throllghout the entire lactation. The milk producing ability of an

44individual in a particular lactation year also be represented geometrically in the form of a curve and it consistsof two phases i. e. an ascending phase and a descending phase. In the present investigation, the followingparameters were included for detailed examination.A. The ascending phase of the lactation curve (i) duration (peak week), (ii) maximum yield (peakyield), (iii) yield upto peak week and (iv) average of yield upto the peak week.B. The descending phase of the lactation curve (i) yield after the peak, (ii) average post-peak yield,(iii) persistency of lactation.C. The total lactation milk yield and (ii) average daily yield.The persistency of lactation was calculated by utilizing 4 major methods used by various workers. Inaddition to these persistency was calculated as the ratio between the average daily yield till peak yield and theaverage daily yield in the remaining part of the lactation.The data on 449 lactation records of Indian buffaloes were used for the study. The lactation recordswere spread over from 1969 to 1971. Only the first six complete lactation records were included. For estimatingthe components of the lactation curve. the records of the animals that gave milk at least upto 44 weeks wereutilised. Least square analysis of variance was run for finding out the effect of farm, lactation order and yearof calving on various components of lactation curve.The results indicated that the peak yield, total lactation yield, yield after the peak average pre and postpeak yield, and average daily yield were significantly affected by the farm effects. The differences due to farmswere the result of management and genetic differences between the farms. The present findings were in closeagreement with the finding of other workers who also reported significant variation among the farms in totallactation milk yield. The lactation order had a significant effect on all the parameters under consideration. Ithas been reported that the milk yield in Murrah buffaoes differed significantly betNeen lactation. In the presentinvestigations, it was observed that the lactation yield showed an increase with the advancement in the order oflactation and it reached its maximum in the 4th lactation. These findings are in complete agreement with thosealready reported by workers in India and Egypt, The fact that highest peak milk production was obtained inthe 4th lactation, it might be concluded that development of the udder reaches its maximum in the 4th lactation.Significant differences between years in peak week, peak yield, yield after peak, average peak yield and averagedaily yield were observed; although the data was available for 6 years only. The changes in the productionfrom year to year might be associated with the changes in the improved managemental practices.Persistency has been calculated in terms of the ratio of production in one segment of a lactation to thatin another segment of lactation. In the present investigation the persistency of a lactation has been calculatedby 8 methods. The farm had a significant effect on the persistency of lactation in all the methods. It can beconcluded that the management and environmental factors have a significant impact on the persistency oflactation. The persistency values varied significantly between lactation in P 2 , Pa, P 4 and P s whereas year ofcalving had significant effect in P 3' P 4' PI and P s' As reported for Egyptian buffaloes, the persistency oflactation was lowest during the first lactation and it increased in the second lactation where it reached themaximum. Some workers have reported that the persistency is highest in the first lactation and thereafter itfemains relatively constant in the subsequent lactation.The heritability alongwith the standard error was estimated for the peak week, peak yield, total yield, yieldupto peak. yield after peak, pre peak yield, average post peak yield- and average daily yield of 44 half' sibs(daughters) and the estimates were O.004±O.115, O.225±O.145, O.416±O_165, O.127±O.131, 0214±O.142,O,249±O.146. O.400±O.163 and O.423±O.164 respectively. The heritability estimates were higher for total

45yield average part peak yield and average daily yield. As reported by others the milk yield ranged from 0 to 0.62but most of these being associated with large standard errors were inconclusive.Genetic and phenotypic correlation between various parameters of lactation curve has been determined.The phenotypic and genetic correlation between peak week and yield upto and after peal< were very high. Thegenetic correlation between peak yield and total yield and yield after peak was very high. It indicated that thegenes controlling the peak yield are very much the same as that controlling the total yield. Similar studies havealso been reported by others in buffaloes. From the studies it is clear that peak yield can be taken as a bettercriterion for selecting the buffaloes at an early stage.Studies on Blood Groups and Biochemical Polymorphism in Indian Cattle and their CrossbredsThe blood samples from 139 Hariana, 129 Friesian x Hariana (F1), 84 Brown Swiss X Hariana (F1), 93Jersey x Hariana (F1), 116 pooled F2 crossbred grades and 95 from exotic breeds were typed. Two phosphatasephenotypes were observed, the highest gene frequency of alkpa allele was observed i~ Hariana (.997)While it was comparatively lower in the exotic breeds. The crossbreds occpying intermediate position, thoughthe difference in the gene frequency was not very much marked.Three phenotypes controlled by two alleles were observed in this system. Comparatively high gen~frequency of AM! was noted in the Hariana while low in the exotic breeds. The crossbreds occupied intermediateposition. When F1 and F2 grades ware compared, the gene frequency was comparatively higher in F1crossbreds.The following systems utilised for assessing the contribution of the Friesians among the crossbreds werehaemoglobins, transferrins, albumins, amylaes, ceruloplasmins, phosphatase betaase in and beta lacto-blobuins.The results of studies on different systems with reference to the populations under consideration have beendiscussed. Utilising the information regarding these loci- genetic divergence and genetic similarities betweenpopulations were worked out.Genetic Studies on Enzyme Polymorphism in the Domestic Farm AnimalsThe blood samples from 40 Hariana, 12 Friesian x Hariana, 16 Brown-swiss x Hariana, 13 Jersey XHariana and 21 F2 pooled crossbred grade were collected. The following enzymes were studied.(i) lactate dehydrogenase, (ii) malate dehydrogenase, (iii) sorbital dehydrogenes and (iv) estrases.No polymorphism was observed in these enzymes. From cattle, 513 samples of carbonic anhydrase were typedthrough starch gel electrophoresis. Three phenotypes controlled by two alleles were observed. From buffaloes90 blood samples were typed for carbonic anhydrase. Three phenotypes were Qbserved. In addition the buffalosamples were also typed for (a) alkaline phosphatase, (ii) lactate dehydrogenase, (iii) malete dehydrogenese,(iv) sorbital dehydrogenase. No polymorphism was observed any of the enzymes studied barring alkalinephosphatase where two variants were observed.Role of Organic Constituents in Animal Production and ReproductionFrom Hariana cattle 322 samples were estimated for serum cholesterol, besides 150 samples of serumpotassium and serum sodium. A quantitative estimation of 450 samples was done for amylase, phosphomenoestraseI and phosphomonestrase II. Development and adoption of genetic models to computors forstatistical treatment of brood groups and biochemical polymorphism data.The data on some of the biometrical traits were recorded from Animal Genetics Division and on othertraits were collected from the records and also from the concerned farms from where the blood was collect~from typing. The entire data were arranged in the progeny groups for further analysis. In case of cattle, the

45adequate number of records for the data pertaining to the first lactation were available for Hariana andTharparkar breeds while in case of buffalo for the Murrah breed only. For other breeds the records wereinadequate for being processed on the basis of the progeny groups. The data were processed in respect of 9characters and 40 blood group antigens. The mean and the coefficient of variation for different character inthe two cattle breeds were estimated.Studies in Blood Groups and Biochemical Polymorphism in Indian SheepThe data for 350 animals comprising 156 Muzaffarnagari, 40 corriedale, 119 Dorset and 50 suffolkcrosses have been recorded for transferrin and haemoglobin types. The growth data, were also recorded onIBM data sheets for birth weight and monthly body weights upto one year. The data were punched on IBMcards and verified. Following statistical model was generated for analysis in two phasel? :Year = Y YIJKLM = u +Yi = Sj +GK + TF1 + HmSeaser= S + (yxs)ij + (YxG) ik + (SxG)jk + (Tx HY) + 1mSex = M b I (AD) + bz (WD) + cijklmn.After examination of these effects adjustment will be made for all significant effects, except transferrintypes. Then, the adjusted data will be subjected to weighted regression analysis for individual transferrin type.Phase IIA total of 115 crossbred animals were bled. Out of these 69 were Dorset crosses and 24 suffolkcrosses. These were typed for haemoglobin polymorphism. AB (16) and B B (99) types were observed. NoAA type was observed. For transferrin polymorphism 65 samples were typed. Ten transferrin types, namely,Tf BB (4), Tf BO (27). Tf DO (22), Tf Be (4), Tf AB (2), Tf BE (2), Tf AD (i1) Tf OC (1), Tf AE (1) andTf DE (1) were observed.Genetic Studies on Serum Cholesterol in the Blood of BuffaloesForty serum samples were analysed for serum cholesterol in buffaloes. The serum samples werecollected from adult buffaloes of dairy at IVRI, Izatnagar. The average serum cholesterol of 40 buffaloes was170.3 mgt100 ml. of serum.Cytological and Cytogenetic Investigations On Different Animals and BirdsThis project was undertaken to study the sheep chromosomes. Initially leukocyte-rich plasma was usedboth for the cells and autologous serum (for enriching the growth media). This method was successful withcattle and buffalo samples but did not yield similar good results with the sheep samples.Alternatively, whole-blood culture techniques were tried with slight modification to suit our laboratoryconditions. The results were satisfactory from the growth stand - point. Some adjustments had to be madeto obtain photogenic metaphase spreads. The culturing techniques were finalised. The photomicrographicwork and subsequent analysis and karyotyping has been done.Genetic Studies Including Polymegaly of Spermatozoan Nucleus Length and Tail Length inDrosophila SpeciesThe work has been initiated and the various techniques have also been standardised.Studies on the Cytology of Interphase Nucleus of Somatic Cells of Indian Water Buffaloes with­Special Reference to Sex Specific StructuresThe techniques for the study of cytomorphology of the interphase nuclei were standardised and thepreliminary staining response on the nucleqr component and sex chromatin were as following:

47StainBlood (smears)Cresytal violet Nuclear region of the leucocytesviolet sex chromatin heteropyenotic,stain faded after 48hrs.Leishman Sharply contrasted staining,nuclear portion blue, cytoplasmred. Sex chromatin heteropyenotic.stain faded after 24 hrs.Giemsa Stain Only nuclear part stainable, sexchromatin was demonstrableonly after initial hydrolysis,staining deteriorated after 48hours.Tissue---__:Buccal & vaiginal epitheliumCells poorly stained, invariablymasked by thick mucous, sexchromatin net demonstrable.Nuclear morphologV notdiscernable due to the mucousthat masked the cellularmaterial.-do-Sheath in the hair rootThe loosely spread cellsexhibited cytenuclear differentiation,sex chromatinwas clearly elucidated.Staining of nuclear masswas intense, sex chromatinheteropynetic, stain fadedafter 24 hrs.-do-For cytological examination the blood and sheath of the hair root appear promlsrng. However, the latersuffers from the disadvantage of lower incidence of pyenotic cells and relatively elaborate technique. Inuniformly stained blood smears only the leucocytes and lymphocytes generally revealed discernible sexchromatin body. The eosinophils and basophils, even within a distinct nuclear profile, were laden withgranulated cytoplasmic matrix, which rendered the precise identification of sex chromatin difficult. It was notedthat three forms of bodies can be considered for the scoring of the sex chromatin. These have been tentativelycalled A. Band C type. The A type sex chromatin body was like a drumstick ap pendage with a rounded headand selender stalk. The affinity of the stain was pronounced, suggesting its heteropynotic nature. The B typechromatin bodies were oval or tear drop shaped and without filamentous stalk. In some polymorphs, thesmaller -nuclear lobes of comparable size under lower magnificantion appeared skin to B type body. These werecarefully screened. The C type chromatin was rounded and it occupied a peripheral position even abuttingagainst the nucleaus. These stained sharply than the other two types.The incidence of sex chromatin was recorded on the basis of its presence or absence in blood leucocytesindifferent age groulCs. Further, the animals were screened for the type (or combination) of sex chromatin. Theobservatipns revealed that the apparently normal were sex chromatin positive. However, the incidence of sexchromatin and the number of chromatin negative males declined in the higher age group. In females both Aand B type of chromatin increased with the age whereas the C type did not show any consistent trend. Therewas always a preponderance of animals with ABC type chromatin combination followed by AC. Theanimals with BC group of chromatin were not encountered.Studies on Subfertility and 'nfertility in BovinesANIMAL REPRODUCTIONStudies on anestrum and aberrations in the pattern of oestrous cycle were continued in organised farmsat I. V. R. I. and the Military Farm, Bareilly. It was possible to reduce the incidence of anestrum and repeatbreeding-by regular sexual health control programme and gynaecological investigations. The incidence ofprolonged oestrus, delayed ovaluation and cystic ovaries were determined.D· ..An inter-divisional research project on subfertility/infertility has been initiated in collaboration with theIVISlons of Pathology, Nutrition and Physiology and Climatology. In these studies besides work on pathologicalaspects of reproduction the hormonal and mineral status of the subfertile animals are being determined.

48Gynaecological Work in Rural AreasThe gynaecological studies in cattle and buffaloes in the rural areas around Izatnagar were continued.Sexual health control camps, at six different places, were organised each month on fixed dates at differentplaces. During the year, 480 cattle and 895 buffaloes were gynaecologically investigated. The data obtainedso far are yet to be analysed. The incidences of ovarian hypoplasia, infantile/underdeveloped genital organs inmature heifer, long post-partum anoestrum in cows, aberrations in the oestrous cycle pattern have beenrecorded. Necessary arrangement was given to subfertile females where weak oestruses and occurrence of silentheat was noticed.This project has been taken up to orient the livestock production research on animals in such a waythat the poor and marginal farmers, and the weaker section of the society are benefitted. The work has beenhelpful in augmenting fertility of their livestock holdings.Field StudiesA visit was paid to the Rama Krishna Mission, Varanasi and necessary assistance was given to themission organise the dairy herd in order to improve the milk production. Gynaecological investigations wereconducted to diagnose and treat sub-fertile females.Few visits were paid to buffalo herd of the Jat Regiment, Bareilly for gynaecological investigations andadvice.Studies on Frozen Semen and Establishment of Germ-Plasm CentreA plan for construction of bull stud farm and deep freeze unit, duly prepared by this Division, has beeni1pproved by the Director and forwarded to the Senior Architect, CPWD, New Delhi for preparing the estimates.Profotma invoices for equipments and accessories required tor deep freeze unit have been obtained and clearedthrough the indigenous angle, for which foreign exchange release is awaited for the import of listed items.Studies on Freezability and Fertilizing Ability of Bull and Buffalo SpermatozoaEight Holstein Friesian bulls were trained to donate the semen in A. V. and 557 doses of frozen semenfrom these bulls are available in the stock. In addition to this, 300 doses of frozen semen of Sahiwal bulls arealso available in the stock. Twelve trials were conducted for freezing of buffalo semen in citric acid whendiluter was procured from NORI, Kamal. Freezing was done in polythene tube (Tupol IVRI technique). From_thelitudies so far conducted, in none of the trials the desired recovery rate was obtained.Operational Research Project on livestock ProductionDuring the period under report, 710 cows and 319 buffaloes were inseminated at the A. I. Centre,Izatnagar and 468 cows and 224 buffaloes at the Rithora centre. Gynaecological investigations were carriedout on 276 cows and 605 buffaloes at the A. I. Centre, Izatnagar. A total of 163 cows and 530 buffaloeswere examined for pregnancy diagnosis, out of these 77 cows and 225 buffaloes were found pregnant.ANIMAL NUTRITIONAttempts to compress paddy, wheat straw with 1.5% urea and 10% molasses into 29-25 Kg bales withthe help of a simple hand operated press, a proto-type, of which was fabricated by a local firm according tothe suggestions of the scientists of this Division, were successful. The bales could be stored for orle yearwithout showing any deterioration or growth of moulds and was Quit;, palatable and acceptable to anrmals asobserved in actual feeding expEriments.

49The silage from the Sun dried exereta and green maize (1 :2) with 8% molasses was found to be quiteacceptable to animals after they got accustomed to it with the help of feeding it in the beginning with a littlecrushed maize.The silage was quite rich in protein but with somewhat low total digestible nutrients.The petro- proteins prepared from the petroleum hydrocarbons were used for feeding the sheep andcattle and its nutritive value, nitrogen utilization and effect on growth rate and milk production was studied.The crude protein content of petro-proteins was about 58% out of which 87.6% was digestible. The petroproteinswere highly assimilated and improved nitrogen balances. The growth rate was also similar to that ofconventional rations. The petroproteins contain high percentage of nucleic acids which have exhibited certainharmful effects in poultry, rats and man wherein the uric acid excretion has been increased in urine. In theruminant, the purines and pyrimidines in the nucleic acids are excreted in the form of allantion (unlike uric acidin the non-ruminant) and sheep fed with petro-proteins were found to excrete the same quantity of urinaryallant as those fed on conventional ration. The results indicate that petro-protein is suitable for ruminantfeeding although it is not so for non-ruminants.The trace element survey in the Tarai Area of U. P. indicated that about 75% of the animals had less than60 mg copper per 100 ml blood which corresponds to low heamoglobin in the blood of these animals. Copperand Zinc were deficient, manganese marginally adequate and iron adequate in the fodders of the area.The energy and protein requirements of the growing calves were determined by feeding 2 levels ofdigestible protein and 3 levels of energy in a factorial design to six groups of calves. The two protein levelstried were NRC (1971) standard and 25% below it. The three energy levels tried were NRC (1971) standardand 25% above or below it. The experimental feeding was continued for 437 days and the growth rate wasmainly governed by the level of TD(\; ingestion of the animals.The bacterial production rates in the rumen have been estimated by infusing 14c and 35 5 -labelled, mixedrumen bacteria either live or killed by treatment with formaldehyde into the rumen and applying isotope dilutiontechnique. The results showed that both the live or dead (Protected) labelled bacterial cells could be usedgiving comparable values. In another experiment it was shown that the microbial growth rates using 131 Ilabelled albumin treated with tannic acid could be estimated in buffalo rumen by the isotope dilution techniquewith limited application. The digestibility of protein of mixed whole rumen bacterial cells and Streptococcusbovis have been determined in buffaloes and goats bV t~eir in vitro incubation with 35 5 or 14c and injectioninto the rumen after protection with formaldehyde and collection of faces for 6 days and measurement ofradio-activity in the faces. The results showed that the values ranged from 81.7 to 98.8% in both the species.In other experiments in buffaloes the bacterial production rate has been shown to be significantly linearlycorrelated with dry matter consumption, nitrogen intakQ, digestible organic matter, total VFA production in therumen and total digestible nutrients intake. The digestibility of the nutrients in buffaloes fed with differentamounts of berseem continuously at 2 hr. intervals was studied and it was fO\lnd that the limited amount ofberseem (0.82 kg DM) the digestibility of proximate principles was generally some what higher than when ad libberseem was fed (5.00 Kg OM). In an experiment to compare the production rate of VFA and bacteria inbuffalo and goat, it was shown that on equal feed intake basis, the bacterial cell growth was more in goats thanin buffaloes.In vitro cellulelytic activity of pure strain of Ruminococcus flavefacinens isolated from buffalo on cottoncellulose, filter paper cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose showed that hydrolysis of cotton cellulose wasslower than the carboxymethyl cellulose or filter paper.The earlier finding that proteolytic activity of buffalo RRL (reconstituted rumen) liquor is much less thanthat of the cattle RRL has been confirmed by repeating the work on a larger number of animals. The proteolytic

50activity of both cattle and buffalo RRL is substrate specific and anaerobic incubation potentiates it by 40% incattle & 29% in buffaloes. The proteolytic activity of buffalo RRL is relatively more thermostable thancattle RRL.Research Activities and AchievementsPOULTRY RESEARCHThe major thrust was directed towards developing suitable strains of poultry for meat and egg purposes.As such 4 new strains have been developed for broiler and 4 for layers. The cross-bred broiler with apotential of yielding 1.5 kg body weight at 10 weeks of age with feed conversion of 2.5 to 2.8 have alreadybeen developed. Egg laying strains with a potential of 220 to 230 per year have also been developed. Thesenew strains, developed at this Institute, compare well with that of foreign birds and will soon aid to the country'sself sufficiency programme. The development of new strains is particularly significant in the wake of thedecision of the Government of India to stop the import of germ plasm.Since feeding alone costs about 60 to 70% of the total expenditure in poultry farming, continuous effortswere made to tap the alternate feed resources for poultry feed. A number of byproducts were tested for theirnutritive value and suitability as poultry feed. Extensive studies conducted on the utilization of sunflower seedmeal as a protein source for poultry feed showed that the costly ingredients like groundnut oil cake can becompletely replaced by sunflower seed meal in the starter, grower, layer and broiler rations. The totalreplacement of groundnut oil cake in the poultry feeds by this new feed ingredient will help, in reducing the costof feeds.In our efforts for recycling the organic waste, we have observed that the cage layer manure, after dryingit in the sun and partially in the hot-air-oven at 30°C for about 24 hours, can be incorporated at 15% level in thechicken ration without any detrimental effect on their performance. Further experimentation with the egglayers, has shown that one could replace 15% of the total ration by incorporating the dry poultry manure in thelaying feed. The metabolizable energy of this material was found to be 1,239 Kcaljkg in layers. In addition to theabove, the efficiency of energy utilizatiol"1 of different energy sources in broilers was also studied.In the area of quail nutrition, requirement for protein, energy and their relationship on egg production andegg quality were taken up and the work is in progress. The data obtained during the year showed that themaximum egg production could be achieved with a high protein and high energy diets.A new sliming solution containing 0.2% sodium pyrophosphate and 1 % sodium chloride in tap water hasbeen developed for processing fresh intestines for sausage casings. This solution will go a long way inimproving the quality of the animal casings and help us in our export-oriented programme.The piackling of quail eggs has been standardised with a view to provide easy transport from the site ofproduction to the place of consumption without the aid of refrigeration. The pickled eggs were kept at ambienttemperature for 45 days without any deterioration in the quality. Such pickled eggs could very well be used inmass feeding programme for the children under the applied nutrition programme for providing the muchneeded essential amino acids such as lysine and methionine in their daily diets. The developed picklingprocess is a simple 01}E'! and can"-pe aaopted under village conditions for preservation of this valuable animaloA_-.f ......,protein. j// ~. "~ __ ' - .The quail productidp ac~\71tles receivela'.big momentum. The flock strength was built up to about 6,000birds. Quail is being &tiU~¥l 8'4; a very \ gtr.o\J laboratory animal· for research and veterin ary colleges forexperimental work. Eff

51scientists have designed many new hatching trays and cages, for both flock rearing and investigational workon quails.Eighteen nominees from different state government are undergoing training tor the National Diploma inPoultry Husbandry a course which is practical oriented. The course is designed to improve candidatesmanagerial capabilities and to refresh him with the latest knowhow in the field of Poultry Production.A short term training programme in the field of poultry nutrition and poultry feeding was arrangedspecifically for the nominees of the government of Rajasthan. A nominee from the Republic of Somalia wastrained in Poultry Husbandry under the UNDP programme.PHYSIOLOGY & CLIMATOLOGYStudies on the zone of thermo neutrality for male calves of Hariana cattle, and its Fl crosses with HolsteinFrisian, Brown Swiss and Jersey were conducted for further evaluation of their serum gamma-globuli n levels atdifferent controlled temperatures. There was no consistent breed or temperature effects in the gamma-globulincontent, although it tended to decline under heat stress. The data on various channels of water input andoutgo, on body water status and some phYSical and biochemical characteristics of blood and urine wereexamined for the degree of displacement from the reference values, obtained unqer an arbitrarily fixed cooltemperature of 18.5°C, preceeding the each test environment. A balance between the input and output of waterwas maintained till 32°C, beyond which the turnover rate increased the input particularly in the crossbreds.The total body water did not register a significant deviation under heat stress although there was a marked shiftin its distribution in various compartments. The ambient hot environmental seemed to induce the ex-pansionof blood volume and extra cellular fluid. The Hariana cattle calves could conserve water more efficiently thanthe crossbred calves at high environmental temperature.The rectal temperature pulse rate, respiratory frequency and water consumption were studied intwelve Fl crossbred heifers (4 each of the HF, BS and J with Hariana base) during 4 different seasonsrepresenting the hot dry, hot humid, moderate and cool conditions. A marked seasonality was noticed in mostof the parameters studied.The effect of the climate on the tube-uterine physiology was investigated in normally cycling mulliparaBarbari nannies exposed to natural summer shed environment (Av. 32.9°C) and comfortable environment(Av. 20.59°C) in the psychrometric chamber. The morphological and histological obserVations suggested abetter development of the reproductive tract when nannies were placed in the comfortable environment.A trial was conducted on Black Bengal kids to study the efficacy of biostimulator (injectible preparation)in two different dosages. A metabolic trial conducted at the end of feeding trial, revealed that the preparationhad little effect on the digestibility of the nutrients, but there was a trend towards higher nitrogen retentionin the biostimulator groups. The oxygen consumption rate did not show any difference between thedifferent groups. The body composition was studied by isotope dilution technique using tritium andthe carcass evaluation was done after slaughtering the animals belonging to different groups, From theobservations, it appeared that the carcasses of high dose biostimulator group were superior as the development ofmuscles was proportionately higher.The competitive protein binding assay technique for progesterone and adrenal corticoids and use of thelabelled 32P, for the assay of the pituitary gonadetropin, were standardized. The different dosage of the PMSG(400, 600 and 800 I.U.) were tried on MGA synchronized Black Bengal nannies. The nannies receiving600 I.U. pf PMSG exhibited a significant increase in the litter size and placental weight. The progesteronecrone concentration in the blood was higher in the nannies with larger litter size.

52The lactation performance of the Barban, Black Bengal and crossbred nannies (all bipara) was recordedfor the first 90 days of lactation. Five goats of each breed were also included for milk composition studies.The average milk yield per nanny in Barbari, Black Bengal and their Fl crosses was 665.76, 344.42 and 564.68gm., respectively. The respective mean percentages of the milk constituents in the Barbari, Black Bengal andcrossbred goats were total solids 12.66, 15.23, 14.29; fat-3.83, 4.66, 4.92; protein-4.13, 5.84, 5.07, lactose-4.44,4.40, 4.42 and ash-0.72, 0.77 and 0.87. The differences between the breeds for total solids, fat and proteinwere significant.The changes in the biochemical constituents during the transition from colostrum to normal milk in thenannies were studied in five nannies each from Barbari, Black Bengal and their Fl crossbreds. The values ofthe total solid, fat and protein in the first day colostrum decreased rapidly during transition to the normalmilk over the first seven days. In contrast to the other values, the lactose content was very low in the colostrumof goats and it reached to almost normal values by day 3, 4 and 3 in Barbari, BlaGk Bengal and crossbred goats,respectively.Field WorkEXTENSIONA systematic door to door socio-economic survey was conducted in all the 14 villages under the OperationalResearch Project of the Institute.In collaboration with Divisions of Experimental Medicine aud Surgery and Animal Reproduction, regularanimal health programme was organised in the first cluster of seven villages. Regular surgical, clinical andsterility camps were respectively organised on the 1 st, 12th and 22nd of each month at Rithoura.VisitorsThirty parties of visitors comprising of veterinary college students, gramsevaks and scientists were takenround the various Divisions and farms. The research work under progress at this institute was explained tothem. A press party from "Samachar" also visited the institute and the important works were explained to them.A party of the 'members of the parliament also visited the institute and its Mukteswar campus.Staff CourseA staff course on Animal Health was organised in collaboration with the other divisions for 21 state levelofficers.Film ShowsFourteen film shows were organised for farmers, scientists and students participating in various coursesorganised by this Institute.Advice to Scientific FarmersThirty five farmers were advised on matters relating to the health and production of their animals.LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS TECHNOLOGYThe division of Livestock Products Technology aims at conducting basic and applied research on differentaspects of the livestock products for providing, technological know how for product development and impartingpost-graduate training in this area. Being a new Division the activities were primarily centered around creation

53of basic facilities for different laboratories of the division." The research activities in the division are divided underthe-!pllowing heads:a} Meat and Meat products technologyb) Microbiology and quality controlc) By-products technologyd) Pilot plante) Poultry and poultry products technologyf) Milk and milk products tecHnofogyIn the year 1976, studies on the effect of ,ni~rite ?ry"the p,~ysi9chel:ni~aJ. ch~ra,cterisJic~ of cured, pork andacid treatment 'of illeat for 'prolonging its ~~elflife' we're ,c~rr,i.~? ,9u,t. Th~ isol~ti9n and purific;~ti9n of, hotrnones'frorn, the posterior pituitary and the work on heparin were the subjects of inv~stigation. The divisiol1, has alsobeen handling the slaughter, processing and disposal'of pork' rrtutton ~nd goat meat of animals received fromdifferent divisions.BIOCHEMISTRY AND FOOD SCIENCEStudies on Physioche.."ical Properties"o~ Buffalo 'Blood Proteins HI, ImmuhoglobulinsOrie of the'(fractions of the serum immu'n'o~lob'ulins (19M): from nor~al a~imals', ~~s~isolated and" 'purified using ge!.filttation. Tfie purity, a's assessed by pofyacrvl~~ide gel electrophoresis, was' o~~r 95 perc~nt.• - The fraction was analysed for total hex'ose, he;losamine and N-acetyl neuraminic acid (NANA) cont~mts.Assuming a molecular weight of 9,80,000 daltons, 6' monomer ~nits per m'olecule and 7 carbohydrate units permonomer, it was found that the distribution of NANA, hexose and hexosamine per carbohydrate ~nit was 1, 5and '3"respectiveIV.~'l.jnsulr.l. j -i1 i r;-tllSensitivity'()f'Certaiii Bloo=tl Ser'um 'C'onsti'-tuents'in Buffalo CalvesThe.studies revealed a rema~kable tolerance of hypoglycemia in "buffaloes. The blood keton~ rbQ~iesshowed a re.verse relationship with the blood 'glu'cose' 'after'inslilin injection. While 'the plasma amino-acidsand G. O. T. levels declined after 2, hrs of insulin injection,: no appreciable changes were observed in the serumprotein and G. P. T. levels.-, ~The effect of insulin "hypo'glycemia 'was also l d'6se;ved on total 'Iiplds, phpspholipid~, c!1'p'I~~J~rol, 'and: th.eir fra"Ctio-ns •. No quafitative diff~re.nce5"~e,re' dbS,?~~~~ ~~~,~VY~~n .. the 'lU,W\'1al)ts. (qu,fta:lol ,a,ndc,n9Q'trumioantsWIth regard to the insulin sensitivitY of r th'eir ~serum constituents, However, quantitative differences, were,apparent, suggesting greater tolerance of hypoglycemia and relatively slow response of adipose tissue to insulin'in the caSe 'at buffaloes.Characterization of Myofibrillar Muscle Proteins in BuffaloesITihe mydfib"rillar and 'sarcoplasmic proteins ~a'ile' been ~~tracted,' ~nd. iheir "electrophoretic .b,eb9yiorusand molecular seiving patterns have1been studied. The susceptibility of these proteins to trypsin under differentconditions has also been studied.Lipid Metabolism of Buffalo SpermatozoaThe utilization" of the sperm and seminal plasma'liplds during the aerobic jncl.,lb!'ltion of ~e.lJleo has beenstudied. The incorporation of radioactive precursors into total iip'ids: phospholipids and their fractions and theeffect of glycolyzable substrate 'on.lipfd ·metabolism of s"permat'oz6a is under study,

54LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION RESEARCH ,(CATnE)The number of the females available by the end of the period under report was 153, 168, 127, 107 and124 of Hariana, Friesian, Brown swiss, Jersey and second generation crossbred, respectively.The mortality percentages during the year were 2.0% for Hariana, 1.8% for halfbreds and 4.2% forgrades. A total of 37 animals were auctioned. 23 sold to various government agencies and 36 transferred tovarious divisions of the institute tor experimental work.The overall conception rate was about 35% in foundation stock and 48% in crossbreds.The average daily weight gains upto the age of one year varied from 373.5 to 429.2 .grams in t,hesehalfbred groups.The respective average lactational yield during the year was 2,419 kg (in 339 days), 1,953 kg (in 310days) and 1.906 kg (in 304 days) for Friesian, Brown-swiss and Jersey halfbreds. The corresponding yield for300 days was 2,144 kg, 1,766 kg and 1.862 kg respectively.The studies on various reproductive aspects were also conducted.Exotic CattleHolstein-Friesian cattle are being reared at the Livestock Production Research (Cattle) unit with a view toestablish an elite herd of Hoistein- Friesian cattle for producing Holstein- Friesian bulls of high genetic merit.These bulls will be used for crossbreeding the native cattle of the villages and State Animal HusbandryDepartments and also for studying their growth. productive and reproductive performance and other ancilliarystudies related to management. physiology and nutrition on these cattle.By the end of the year under report. in the Friesian herd there were 116 felnales and 37 males. The adultfemales are bred only to frozen semen of proven bulls of known genetic merit. Forty-three calves (22 malesand 21 females) were born during the year. The overall mortality was 6.5% as against 8.6% during 1975. Onths basis of the accumulated data on these cattle the various traits assessed were birth weight 27.3 kg; averagedaily gain in weight from birth to 16 weeks 438 gm; 300 days lactational yield 2.975 kg from Friesians importedfrom Australia and their followers based on 97 lactations and 2.057 kg from Friesians imported from N ewzealandbased on 78 lactatIOns. The overall average dry periods were 91 and 100 days for Australian and NewzealandFriesians, respectively. The conception rate of the herd was 70.3% during the year which showed animprovement in the reproductive health of thesa cows over previous years. The overall conception rate of cowsby frozen semen was 46% and 53.8% on the basis of first insemination. The overall average service periodswere 186 and 179 days in Australian and Newzealand Friesians, respectively.Out of 47 bulls/bull calves sold to different agencies so far, 12 were sold during this year. All of thesewere the progeny of the proven bulls with predicted differences of +421 to +716 Ibs with a breed average of1,4627 Ibs of milk in 305 days.In view of the objectives of the project, planned breeding operations have been adopted in the herd.Selection is being practiced only on the male side at present. For making selection of fem3les, also. theaccumulated data would be examined during the year 1977. to determine the culling level on the basis of milkproduction of cows, in the light of the replacement rate, repeatability of milk production and other relevantinformation in this connection. Some pilot trials which were started during the year 1976 on (i) studies onbody weight changes after parturition in lactating cows in relation to milk production and reproductive efficiency(ii) studies on steaming up of the cows during the last two months of pregnancy with a view to improve thereproductive officiency in the next lactation. would be continued during the year 1977.

55BuffaloSelective breeding followed by better management is being practiced to establish an elite herd of Murrahbuffaloes which could produce 2,500 kg of milk in a lactation of 300 days. It is also proposed to test a fewsires for their progeny in this herd as well as in the rural areas of the operational research of the ExtensionDivision. Growth, prod uction and reproduction in buffaloes are also to be studied in detail alongwith the otherrelated studies.By the end of the year under report there were 94 females (including 53 buffalo cows) and 17 males inthe herd. Twelve male and 9 female calves were born during the year under report. The mortality was2% in the adults and 14.5% in the young stock which showed an improvement in the health ofbuffaloes over the previous years. The average milk yield of 300 days of 40 buffaloes. which completed theirlactation during the year, was 1,595.5 kg as against 1,396.4 kg in 1975 thereby showing an improvement in themanagemental practices in buffaloes during the year. Out at the total lactations, 34.3% were between1,700-2,400 kg; 43% between 1,300-1,700 kg. Based on 12 observations the dry period and the service periodduring the year averaged 155 and 223 days, respectively. Conception rate of the herd was 60% whileconception rate of the buffalo cows on 1 st insemination was 39.4% and including all inseminations 43.5%,.MILK HANDLING AND TECHNOLOGY SECTIONDuring the year 6,33,444.0 kg of milk was handled, out of this 3,49,400.50 kg was distributed to thestaff, 59,799.20 kg was issued to the various divisions of the institute for research purposes and 97,977.50 kg tothe outside agencies like Airforce, Railway Hospital and Railway staff. In all 1,14,760.45 kg of milk wasseparated and 8,643.60 kg was utilised for milk products. The handling loss amounted to 2,841.70 kg. A tot

56strain. The index selection was also 2 times more efficient than·the direct selection for egg producti,on if! theG strain. The index selection was also 2 times mor~ efficient than the direct selection for e,gg weight and 3times more efficient than the direct selection for body weight in the same strain. The, efficien~y of indexselection over random selectIon for egg production. egg weight and, body weight respectively were 3,.0, 1.,10 and13.5 times in the H strain. The two stage index selection was seen to be equally efficient than the one stageindex selecticn. It was, therefore, concluded that the two stage index selection may be,practicaLly advantageousto reduce the breeding costs.I n the 'I' and' J' strains the sex linked effects were seen to be important in the inheritance of eggproduction upto 260 days of'age, 32 week egg weight and the egg mass, The evidence in favour of maternaleffects and/or ~ominance deviations were obtained for age at first'egg and 20 week body weight. For 32 week',e9'9 Weight the existence of the sex iinked inheritance was obser~~d ,ill the 'I' ,strain and maternal effects in the,'J' strain. 'The expected genetic progress derived from the direct sel~ction for the egg mass waS seen to be 20%more efficient thim the index selection for egg production and e~}9 weig,ht in'the 'I' strain. In the 'J' strain,,tIOVI(eve,r; index selection for egg' production and egg weight was see,n to be 15% mOfe,.efficient than selectionfor eg'g mass. .J , ' • I . ' •All the broiler strains were mass selected for S week body weight. A test cross involving Cornish strainas male HlJe a.nd Rock strains as female line was also carried out. The results of the test. cross data in thehOine (arm testing' is 'yefto '.be analysed. l The Itest ~ross progeny of these crosses were. also tested by theRanoo'rn Sample 'Broiler Unit of Government of India at Hessarghatta, Bangalore. The results obtained thereto, i'1di,cat~~ lhat the crossbred progeny resulting from these crosse~ ~ejghed more tha.n 1.2.00 gins at eight weeks,of ~g~ with a satisfactory feed efficien~y an~ 97%, vi,,!b!lity.'-" _'.-,-The experiments were also carried out on the economics of broiler production utilizing the cpmmercialbroile~s, develop~d, at I. V. R. I. The economics of production and profif realized tlie~eto were calculated Jorbroil~r of ,S, ,9 and 10 weeks of age. The results obtained thereto indicated that maxi'mum profit is reali~ed at 9weeks of ag~ foliowed by 8 we~ks and 10 we~ks. It was, therefore, concluded that c~mmer~ial broilersdeveloped at I. V. R. I., should be killed sometimes between S to 9 weeks of age and not thereafter. The profitr~aliz~d:olJ Jive w«;ligh,tlbasis was Rs. '2:12 at S WeeKS, Rs.2.68 ;a(9 weeks 'and Rs, ~:2Slat the fOth week.On ready to cook chicken basis it was Rs. 2.S6 at S weeks, Rs. 3.12 at '9 weeks 1 Cnd Rs, '2.38' at 10 weeks.The analysis of results from a selection experiment carried out for three generations revealed that massselection for 10 week body weight produced highly significant improvement in the three broiler p'0pulationst~~it;l,d. Tlia res'ponse to three generations of mass 'sEiiection for "teh week boay weight was 248 gm in IC1,.2Sp gm in Ir1 and 20S gm in Ih1. The' 'average response'per generation as calculated from r~wession ofrespon~~ on g~De:ration; number for males arid 'female's,' respe'ctively, were 109 gm and 60 gm in le1, 116 gmanEi 64 Q(Tl,iQ H;ll

57However, in case of fH 1 the genetic economic weightage was highest for body weight followed by egg' weightand egg production. The efficiency of the indices were 0.65, 0.64 and 0.46 for ICt, IRt and IHt dams,respectively. Largest gain in a particular trait was observed when selection was based on that trait alone but'there was a decline in the correlated responses. The serection based on an index "lias s'een' 'tcj be most efficientthan random selection for any of these constituent traits entered into the index. Since too much increase in eggweight or in egg production may not be desirable, it was concluded to have a periodical evaluation of theresults realized from indices to restrict the genetic change in egg weight and egg production if necessary tomaximise the genetic gain 'in body weight:The selection index in males was designed to give maximum gam m ten week body weight based oncombined measurements of ten week body weight, oreast angle and shank length. The relatille economic valuesfor the three constituent traits were t, 0 ,and O. The efficiency ofthe index was found to be '0,92 for let, 0.97for IRt and 0.96 for IH1. The index selection was also found to be more efficient than m3SS selection for anyof the constituent traits.LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION RESEARCH (P.IGS)7he landrace breed of pigs continued to be maintained at the r. V. R. I., Centre. The res~arch work wasconducted as per the revised technical programme recommended by the Third Workshop on All India CoordinatedResearch Project on Pigs.The experimental landrace females which farrowed as a result of breeding during the year gave a littersize of 8.6 at birth and 7.6 at weaning. The data were collected on various traits of production and reproductionand carcass quality as per the tech'nical programme for ne'cessary studies'.Special attention was concentrated on conducting nutritional experiments with a view to evolve areasonably economic ration for pigs. A nutritional experiment" was-undertaken on weaned piglets using threedifferent ration regimes containing 50%, 35% and 20% of maize in addition to other ingredients. Thecomposition of the rations per toO parts was as followsRation I Ra'tioh " Ration 1/1Maize 50 35 20Deoiled G. N. Cake 20 20 20Fish Meal 5 5 5Wheat Bran 22.5 37.5 52.5Mineral Mixture 2,5 2,5 2.5The preliminary examination of data indicateCil that'the replacement of 30% yell~w' maize (in standardration containing 50% maize) by wheat bran had' no adverse effect on either the m-a'ie or' female pigs. Theexperiment was on the growth rate and efficiency of feed utilization In the male as well' as female pigs. Theexperiment was being repeated on another set of animals alloted to the same three experimental ration regimesin order to augment the data. The repeat experiment would be extended over the year 1977. The datathat would became available finally would be subjected to statistical analysis in order to get conclusive results.BangaloreREGION~L STATIONSThe BHK suspension cell line which was: received from Denmark could be maintained successfully. Thecells could be grown in suspension to sufficient numbers so that it could be infected with virus strains. The

58growth and propagation of vaccine strains of foot and mouth disease virus on suspension cum monolayer cellswas continued and though initially there was some difficulty, it was possible to adapt type '0' strain. The techniqueof plaque production by FMD virus has also been standardised. It was found that while type 'A' and'Asia l' viruses had a mixture of large and small plaques, type '0' virus had predominantly small plaque.The micro CF test standardised following the same method as is being employed in Animal Virus ResearchInstitute, Pirbright, U. K.Four batches of vaccines, one each of type 'A' and 'Asia l' and two of type '0' have been prepared.Samples of all the vaccines have been sent to Mukteswar for potency testing in cattle. The two '0' vaccinesand one type '0' vaccine were tested in guineapigs at Bangalore. These were found to give excellentprotection in guineapigs.The following quantity of vaccines were prepared:Type 0 (using monolayer cells)Type A (using monolayer cells)Type Asia 1Type 0 (using BHK21 suspension cell)47 Iltres16 litres35 litres30 litresHaving obtained good protection in guineapigs, field trials with the vaccine were initiated. For this purposeindigenous breed of cattle at Hessarghatta under Red Dane Project were included under experiment.Thirty three animals were vaccinated with bivalent type (0 And A) vaccine and 63 animals with monovalenttype (0) vaccine. Possibilities of conducting vaccination around Bangalore and in Coorg district are beingexplored with Karnataka State Government officials.HEBBAL CAMPUSCONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME(1) Main Laboratory Bui/ding :- The construction work has progressed satisfactorily though it was about threemonths behind the schedule. During the period number of meetings were held with CPWD officers and differentpoints were clarified regarding construction and various service connections in the main laboratory building. Theconstruction of second floor of the building is in progress. In addition to other facilities in the building a provisionfor about 25 intercom connections to various production and service rooms has also been made. The ordersfor the purchase of intercom telephones and SAX for 50 lines is under process.(2) Treatment of affluents :- The CPWD is in the process of finalizing drawings both for the building and forthe equipment necessary for the treatment of affluents from the building which will be done by heating theaffluent to 95°c with the help of heat exchangers. The distribution lines for the traated affluent water havealready been laid down in different parts of the campus.(3) Existing laboratory building :- Additions and alternations in the existing buildings have bene completed.The CPWD has not yet been able to install the cold storage plant. However, it has placed the indent withDGSD. The long outstanding, pending work of electrification of the existing building has been completed.(4) Additional/and:- The proposal for acquiring about 5 acres of land between the IVRI campus and theSemen bank has been completed. It is hoped that the Government of Karnataka's order for the transfer of landwill be received shortly. The case for the purchase of additional laod ~ear Hebbal for construction of staff quartersis being processed.

59(5) StaFf quarters :- The construction of all quarters at the campus is nearing completion. The type II, III andIV quarters have been completed and handed over. The second type V quarter is nearing completion and isexpected to be handed over shortly.(6) Small Animal Howe (SAH) :- The SAH is proposed 10 be constructed at Yelahanka. The estimates forthe same amounting to Rs. 10,13,17.10 has been sanctioned by the council.(7) Water supply at Hebbal:- The rates for domestic and non-domestic supply of Cauvery water have finallybeen accepted by BWSSB, on the basis of 75% domestic and 25% non-domestic rates as of now. The borewellat Hebbal has baen put to continuous use to find out the total water availability. It has given on an average 400gallons/hour and could be run for about 10 hours in 24 hours intermittently.B. Isolation Unit at Yelahanka(1) During the period under report the boundary wall around the outside triangles has been completed.(2) The tractor shed has been completed and handed over to us which is being used at present for keepinghealthy animals.(3) The detailed planning for construction of infected sheds has been completed.(4) The sancti"on for construction of approach road has been received. A small portion of land has beenpurchased from C. R. P. F. for constructing the road. It is expected that the road would be ready by August, 1977.(5) The land development work has progressed fairly satisfactorilv. Three farm ponds have been constructedwhile the fourth pond in one of the outside triangles is half done. Eighteen acres of land has been brought undercultivation of which 10 acres has been sown with rabi crop, 2.5 acres with maize, 5 acres with horse gram, 0.5acre with different types of grasses.(6) Construction of 8 type 1; 2, Type II; 2, Type III; and 1, type I V quarters, will be taken up shortly.Administrative approval these has been accorded by the competent authority.(7) Provision of water at Yelahanka :One borewell is now available at the farm. Earlier boring for two more borewells at

60infection dose of 100 (Group-I). 150 (Group-II) or 300 (Group-IV) infective larvae per kilogram body weightwas given to each lamb. The differences in infection doses did not significantly effect the length of the prepatentperiod on the onset of the duration of peak patency in the lambs.There was a significant decrease in the percentage establishment of worms in the lungs of the lambs asthe infection dose increased. The mortality and the severity of the disease produced in the lambs was directlyrelated to the level of infection, being more severe in the groups of lambs receiving infection of 200 and 300larvae per kg body weight, respectively. Ihe animals receiving the highest level of infection. in the presentstudy, showed maximum larval output in their faeces. Judging by the percentage survival of producer animalsand the expected larval recovery from them during the period of peak patency. the present gram body weightis a suitable dose for raising a good producer animal for the vaccine production work.Studies on the Comparative Susceptibility of Sheep and Goats to Infection with D. FilariaIn view of the close association between sheep and goats in this country. studies on the comparativesusceptibility of these two species of animals to infection with Dictvocaulus filaria were undertaken. Twogroups of healthy and worm-free male lambs and kids were infected with 100 infective larvae of D. filariaper kilogram body weight per animal. Judging by the severity of the disease produced, the worm establishmentin lungs and the larval counts in faeces which were more in goats as compared to the sheep, thepresent studies confirm that goats are more susceptible host to D. filaria than sheep.POST GRADUATE RESEARCH"Immunological study on Oesephagestmum columbianum (curtice. 1890) Stossich, 1899 infection insheep goats".Investigations were initiated to study (a) the pathogenecity of gamma-irradiated larvae of O. columbianumin sheep and goats (b) the immune response of young and adult sheePigoats to immunization with normal.irradiated infective larvae of O. columbianum and (c) to explore the possibility of using radiation attenuatedlarvae as vaccine for immuno- prophylaxis of Oesphagostomiasis in sheep and goats.TrainingDuring the year under report the following aspects of the study were undertaken.(a) pure strain of Oesphogestumum columbianum was maintaned in lambs.(b) Studies on the pathogenicity of normal and irradiated larvae of O. columbianum in lambs wereinitiated.Training in production and application of D. filaria vaccine for 1-8 weeks was given to Drs.Hans Mullerand Eggchard Gudat of GDR, Dr. Van Doormalen of Netherland, Drs. Welson Marbaniang, Bhuban Brochetiaand K. R. Sharma of Meghalaya, Assam and Nepal respectively. A batch of officers from Jammu & KashmirGovt. also received training for 16 days.PALAMPURStudies on Alpine PasturesThe gross yields of dry matter and crude protein from Alpine pastures were estimated ina protected area in Chota Bhangal, at 2650 m above sea level, in Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh. Thegrasses in the pastures started sprouting in the middle of ~May, 19.16. The grass yields of dry matter from theplots, in five replicates, in the control and fertilized (basal dose of 15 Kg/ha. NPK) plots of June werestatistically similar. averaging 147 q/ha. However, the crude protein' content in the dry matter from the control

61and the fertilised plots varied significantly (P L .001), averaging 11.02 and 19.69% respectively, and accountedfor a significantly (P L 0.01) higher gross yield of crude protein by 67% in the dry matter from the fertilizedplots. But in September, the gross yields of dry matter differed significantly (P L 0.01) being 26.1 and 43.7q/ha, respectively. The corresponding values of crude protein were 8.29 and 11.54% respectively, and thedifference was highly significant (P L.001). The gross yield of crude protein in the control and fertilized plotsworked out to be 2.16 and 5.04 q; ha i e. showing an increase of 133%. The grasses in these pasturesconsisted mainly of two species viz ChrysQPogon ecMnulatus and Phacelurus speciosus in an approximateratio of 95 5.Milk Production in Gaddi ewes and Effect of Supplementing Creep Feeding on the Growth Rateof Exotic Cross bred LambsEleven gaddi ewes giving birth to single male cross bred lambs within a period of one month in Feb., 1976at the Sheep Breeding Farm, Tal, Hamirpur, H. P. were used in this study. They were essentially kept on a grazingschedule and were not receiving any concentrate supplement at the time of parturition. However, they weresupplied a concentrate supplement from the 4th week of lactation onwards.The milk yield of ewes was recorded by the 'Iamb suckling technique'. The yield, over the 12 weekslactation, averaged 375 g/head/day or a total of 31.5 kg/head for the entire lactation period. Theaverage crude protein content in this milk was 4.76%. A peak in the milk yield during the second weekof lactation (Table 1) showed a downward trend in the third week but it was arrested on inclusion of theconcentrate supplement in the diet of ewes in the fourth week of lactation. A plateau of milk production wasobserved from 5th to 8th week of lactation. The appearance of a peak in the second week of lactation was asnormal as recorded for the other breeds by other workers but the improvement noticed in the yield after the thirdweek was clearly an effect of the improved plane of nutrition of the ewes.Table 1.Average daily milk yield of ewes in advancing weeks of lactation (ml/head).Week of lactationMilk yieldmlWeek of lactationMilk yieldmi.1234564064213843874294237 4298 4399 41510 31811 23512 216The live weights of the lambs were recorded at eirth and at weekly intervals over a period of 16 weeks.All the lambs were reared on their dam's milk only upto the 5th week of age when they were divided at randominto three groups A, Band C. Group A was kept on dam's milk as before but the groups Band C were given, inaddition to dam's milk, an ordinary or improved creep mixture, respectively. The ordinary creep mixture wasimproved by inclusion of skim-milk powder at 10% level. The birth weights of the lambs averaged 2.40 ± 0.11kg and had a tendency for positive correlation with the milk production capacity of the dams.The groupwise average data on the live weights of lambs at birth, at 5 and 16 weeks of age and theirweekly growth rates are presented in Table 2. Upto 5 weeks of age the growth rate in Group B, having the lowestaverage birth weights, was significantly (pL.001) lower than in the other two groups. However, between 5 and6 weeks of age, when group B was given an ordinary creep mixture in addition to the dams milk, the growth

62rate in this group more than equalled that in the Group A, but continued to be lower than that in the Group Cwhich received the improved creep mixture. The difference in the growth rates between the Groups A and Cduring .5 to 16 weeks of age was also wider than before 5 weeks of age, with the trend of the two valuesreversed in favour of ~\le group C, supplemented with the improved creep mixture.Table 2.Live weigms of lambs at birth and at 5 and 10 weeks of age and growth rates before and after5 weeks of age.GroupABCA&Bdf 4Difference: 'to valueB&Cdf 6C&Adf 6live weight (kg),At birtliAt 5 weeks of ageAt 16 weeks of age2.665.2912.972.074.0612,532.435.0614.731.90NS2.46 NS0.47NSJ.OONS2.56*3.80**0.84NS0.59NS2.37NSRegression of growth (kg/weeks~ :Birth to 5 weeks of age 0545 to 16 weeks of age 0.830.380.84P490.99~ ~2**0.11I':JS426**3.76**1.04NS1.79NSNS, Not Significant,*.P

'632. Effect of introduction of some legumes 'on 'the yiel'd ahd quality of forage from n'atural grassland in mid-hills,of Himachal Pradesh.The three legumes, viz., velvet beans, siratro and pigeon pea were introduced into the natural gr~sslandsof mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh in June 1975. The flowering in three legumes took place in the 12th, 20thand 15th week after sowing (WAS) respectively, when the mixed and the corresponding control pasture plotswere harvested one or two .months iater. The highest proportion of legumes in the dry matter (OM) of mixedpasture was velvet beM 72% in ·the 20th WAS (October), siratre 33% in 24th WAS (November)and pigeon pea 40% in the 15th WAS (September). Compared to controls, the gross yields of DM from themixed pastures at these stages were higher by 50 (pLO.01), 25 (pLO.05) and 24%, respectively. Thecorresponding gross yields at crude protein from all the mixed pastures were higher (pL 0.01) by 157, 83 and86%, respectively. The Yields of in vivo NB digestible DM and cellulose from the mixed pastures at theseharvests were 'higher by 154, 97 and 19% and 123, 78 and 16%, respectively. The velvet bean proved to be thelegume of .choice but because of its annual growth characteristics, its introduction is practicable only in smallareas. Siratro, which could be introduced on a large scale because of its perennial habit, did not 'form a highproportion in ,the mixed forage, presumably becau&e of fts low seed rate.CALCUTTA"Studies on pyrexia of unknown origin with particular references to Brucellosis".The work was undertaken to define the role of brucellosis in pyrexia of unknown origin and as a publichealth problem.One hundred and twenty three serum samples (79 fever cases, 15 VDRL Medical College, 29 VORLChetla Centre) were collected. The epidemiological data in respect of symptoms, animal keeping consumptionQf ~nim~1 products, occupation etc. were also collected. Of the sera samples examined 4 gave positive while 6doubtful titres.further, out of 13 sera samples from pure exotic bulls. 3 contained antibodies against Brucellosis."Studies on sero- Epidemi'ological Prev\llence Q Fever in Calcutta".In an, earlier investigation in a rural area a good number of animal handlers were found to containantibodies against Q fever, cases from an area with high animal density/animal industry. Out of the 101 serasamples tested 17 were found to contain antibodies against Q fever. The co-relationship at' a-nimal keeping withthe presence of antibodies against Q fever is being worked out.PORT BLAIRStudies on efficacy of 'Neguvon' for control of stephanofilarial dermatitis in selected' Islands under field conditions(IVRI-'pilot project').To put a halt to the 'Filarial' sore disease, by utilising the results of the investigations completed underthe project on 'B iology and control of stephanofilarial dermatitis' among livestock of A & N Islands; a pilot projectapproved by the "Diseases and Pests Panel of leAR", was planned and started in Neil and Havelock Islands.This 'Filarial sore eradication programme' has been undertaken for the first time in the country. The success ofthis programme will serve as a 'model' for similar future programmes in other parts of the country.The livestock was examined for initial and active lesions of filarial sore and all infected ones were treatedtwice daily with 6% Neguvon and 6% sulphanilamide ointment. All the cuts, bruises and lacerations present onskin of healthy or diseased animals were properly dressed. 2% Dimethylate in neem oil was applied daily at

·64least for a fortnight after treatment. lastly, the cured sores were treated with Shark Liver Oil as skin emolientor:ce daify for a fortnight. All these operations are to be done simultaneously in any particular area; three timesduring a year, before middle and after monsoon; and all this will be repeated next year too.Under the first round of the programme at Neil Island, 211 cattle and 29 goats were examined and out ofthese 164 cattle and 2 goats were found positive and 59 cattle and 2 goats were treated. Like-wise out of 398cattle, 22 buffaloes, 20 goats examined and out of these 269 cattle, 16 buffaloes ~were found positive and out ofthese 39 cattle and 4 buffaloes were treated by other two teams at Havelock I sland. The treatment of otherinfected animals was being continued."Studies on incidence of common disease spreading insects of livestock in selected villages, and theircontrol".An extensive survey of arthropod pests of livestock was conducted. The populations of dipterous flieswere similar in all the Islands except Great Nicobar where tabanids were also encountered. The daily collectionat and around Port Blair and lhe collections made at other Islands revealed, that 59.7% of the fly population isconstituted by Siphona eXlgua followed by 16.85% of Musca autumnalis M. xanthomelas (15.26%) Stomoxyscalcitrans (5.92%) Haematobia sanguisugens (1.42%), & M. crassirostris (0.50%) and 0.26% of the populationis constituted by M. nebulo and Hippobosca maculata. The sucking lice Haematopinus tuberculatus infestsbuffaloes so heavily that besides the usual sites of infestation ie., back, sides of the neck, escutcheon and tailsuitch, the entire body was found infested. Likewise, heavy infestation of poultry lice, Eomenacanthusstraminueus and Lipeurus caponis were encountered in white-leg horn breed only. The only cattle-tick,Boophilus microplus infests cattle throughout the year in these Islands and during September to February whenits number is at peak, it also infests buffalo-calves and goats. The prevailing atmospheric conditions andhusbandry practices are conducive for its increase in population. Sporadic cases of mange in buffaloes due toSarcoptes seabici var. bubulus were encountered. The poultry mite, Dermanyssus gallinae was also collectedin large numbers from fowls and poultry houses.Malathion (0.25%) spray proved effective for the control of flies including the vector of StephanofilariaSP., i. e. Musca autumnalis. Regular spraying has reduced the fly population to a considerable extent. Dimecron.Nuvon and Malathion at as low as 0.25, 0.025 and 0.25% solutions, respectively, deloused the heavily infestedfowls with L. caponis and E. stramineus. The swabbing of buffaloes with 0.25% Malathion was foundeffective against heavy infestations of H. tube rcula tus. In vitro bioassay tests with newer acaricides againstB. microplus revealed higher degree of susceptibility as compared to other strains of this tick."Studies on incidence of common helminthiasis among economic livestock of selected villages, and theircontrol."Having completed some exploratory studies on helminthiasis in Port Blair town, systematic work forrecording the incidence and seasonal intenSity of helminthic infection has been attempted in the four selectedvillages around Port Blair town viz Lambaline, Paharagaon, Prothropur and Austinabad. The studies on theincidence of helminthic infections and their average seasonClI intensity has been completed. The data revealedthat there is a total increase in the incidence of Helminthiasis from 3964% in 1976 to 50.7% in 1976.The E. P. G. of amphistomes raised from 310 to 525 reaching its peak in September and October, that ofstrongyloids from 300 to 556 reaching its peak in the months of September and October.

65LIST OF RESEARCH PAPERS PUBUSHED DUR[NG 1976VIROLOGY1. Bansal, R. P. and Joshi, R. C. (1976). Potency testing of tissue culture rinderpest vaccine in buffalo calves.Indian J. Anim. Sci., 46.BACTERIOLOGY & MYCOLOGY1. Gupta, B. R. and Mittal, K. R. (1976). Active mouse protection test to evaluate the potency of Salmonellaabortus equi vaccine. Indian Vet. J., 53 : 903-905.2. Gupta, B. R. and Mallick. B. B. (1976). Immunization against fowl typhoid. 'Live oral Vaccina'. IndianJ. Anim. Sci., 46: 502-505.3. Srivastava, N. C., Harbola, A. C. and Khera, S. S. (1976). Preliminary observations on combined vaccinationagainst haemorrhagic septicaemia and black quarter. Indi

6613. Parihar, N. S., Charan, K. and Chakravarty. I. B. (1976). Lipomatosis in a hunting cheetal (Acinonyxjubatus).Indian J. Vet. Path., 7: 4-5.14. Parihar, N. S., Charan, K. and Mathew, A. K. (1976). Equine Viral Rhinopneumonitis abortion in a mare.Indian J. Vet. Path., 1 : 13-14.15. Parihar, N S., Charan, K, Khan, A. H., Ramanathan, S. and Surendran, N. S. (1976). Endometrialadenocarcinoma in a lion-tailed monkey (Macaca Silenus). Indian J. Vet. Path., 1 : 19-20.16. Prasad, M. C. and Rajya, B. S. (1976). Pathology of Caprine Aortic oncocelcesis. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 46.17. Prasad, M. C., Rajya, B. S. and Mohanty, G. C. (1976). Studies on lipid pattern and protein content Qfcaprine aortic atherosclerosis. Indian J. Anim. Sci .. 46 : 179-83.18. Prasad, M. C. and Rajya, B. S. (1976). Patheanatomical studies on spontaneous lesions in caprine cerebralarteries. Indian Vet. J., 53: 175-79.19. Rajya, B. S. (1976). Calves need more care. Intensive Agriculture Directorate of Ext. Min. of Agri. &Irrigation, New Delhi, 14: 26-27.20. Rama Rao, P. and Rajya, B. S. (1976). Pathology of Repeat Breeding in cows. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 46.21. Rama Rao, P., Rajya, B. S. and Mehrotra, M. L. (1976). Isolation and characterization of cytopathogenicagents resembling enterovitus and mycoplasma from bovine abOltions. indian J. Anim. Sci., 46.22. Rama Rao, P. and Rajya, B. S. (1976). A note on the developmental abnormalities of the female genita\tract of bovines. Indian Vet. J., 53 : 586-88.23. Rama Rao, P. and Rajya, B. S. (1976). Pathoanatomyof the female genital tract of buffaloes. Indian J.Anim. Sci., 46 : 125-30.24. Sharma, R. N., Mohanty, G. C., Mehra, V. and Rajya, B. S. (1976). Serum proteins in chickens inoculatedwith Marek's disease virus. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 46: 310-13.25. Sharma, R. N., Mohanty, G. C., Gopalkrishna, S. and Rajya, B. S. (1976). Effect of Marek's disease viruson the Burea of Fabricius. Indian J. Anim. SeL, 46.26. Sharma, R. N., Mohanty, G. C., Gopalkrishna, S. and Rajya. B. S. (1976). Propagation of local strains ofMarek's disease virus in cell culture. Indian J. Anim. ScL, 46.27. Sharma, R. N., Paliwal, O. P., Mohanty, G. C. and Rajya, B. S. (1976). Pathology of Marek's disease IV­Effect of MD isolate on growth of chicken. Indian J. Poult. Sci., 11: 97.28. Sharma, R. N., Mohanty, G. C., Gopalkrishna, S. and Rajya, B. S. (1976). Indian J. Anim, ScL, 46.29. Sharma, R. N., Gopalkrishna, S.: Mohanty, G. C. and Rajya, B. S. (1976). Response of chicken embryo toMarek's Disease virus, Indian J. Anim. Sci., 46: 303-309.30. Sharma, R. N., Mohenty, G. C., Raiva, B. S. sod Gopalkri5hna. S.

67PARASITOLOGY1. Srivastava, P. S. and Sharma, N. N. (1976). Infectivity and immunogenicity of washed bovina erythrocytesin cross-bred calves infected with Theileria annulata (Dschunowaky and Luhs, 1904). Pantnagar J.Res., 1 : 70-72.2. Srivastava, P. S. and Sharma, N. N. (1976). Effect of 60Co irradiation on the early developmental stages ofan ixodid tick, Hyalomma anatolicu'm. Int. J. Radiat. BioI., 29 : 159-68.3. Srivastava, P. S. and Sharma, N. N. (1976). Effects of 60Co irradiation on unfed adults and engorgedfemales of the tick, Hyalomma anatolicum Int. J. Radiat. BioI., 29 : 241-48.4. Srivastava, P. S. and Sharma, N. N. (1976). Characteristics of a tick transmitted virulent strain of Theileriaannulata (Dschumowsky and Lush 1904) in cross-brad calves. Pantnagar J. Res., 1 : 83-88.5. Srivastava, P. S. and Sharma, N. N. (1976), Theileria annulata: Note on bovine cerebral theileriasis incross-bred calves. Pantnagar J. Res., 1 : 147-fiO.6. Subramanian, G., Srivastava, V. K. and Verma, J. C. (1976). Studies on experimental infection of Rabbitswith irradiated metacercariae of Fasc iola. gigantica Cobbold, 1885. Proc. Symp. Radiations andRadio-isotopes in Ani. Prot. 1975,318-324.7. Jawahar Lal, Sambasvrao, K., Suresh Chandra, Naithani, R. C., Chattopadyaya, S. K. and Sabir, M. (1976).Studies on the comparative efficacy of Cedrus deodara oil, benzy benzoate and tetra-ethythiurammonosu(phide against sarcoptic mange in sheep. Indian Vet. J., 53 : 543-54.BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS1. Misra, R. P. and Sinha, K. C. (1976). A note of CF and CCA tests in swine fever. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 46.2. Misra, R. P., Singh, V. P. and Sinha, K. C. (1976). A note on conglutinating activity of apparently healthycattle and buffaloes. Indian Vet. Path., 7 : 53-54.3. Srivastava, N. C., Singh, V. P. and Misra, R. P. (1976). Biological characterization of £. coli of pigs. IndianJ. Vet. Path. 1 : 57-59.STANDARDIZATION1· Gupta, B. R. and Mittal, K. R. t 1976). Active mouse protection test to evaluate the potency of Salmonellaabortus equi. Indian. Vet. J., 53: 903.2. Millal, K. R. and Jaiswal, T. N. (1976). Potency testing of haemorrhagic septicaemia oil adjuvant vaccine inrabbits. Indian Vet. J., 53: 393.ANIMAL NUTRITION1. Jayal, M. M. and Johri, S. B. (197 a). Agro Industrial by Products as Livestock Feeds-Dried and groundTomato-pomace with concentrates for ruminants. Ind. Vet. J., 53: 793-810.2. Jayal, M. M. and Misra, R. P. (1970). Fodder Oats (Kent variety) in the ration of growing calves. Ind. J.Anim. Prod.3. Krishna, G. and Vijjan, V. K. (1976). Nutritive value of petro· protein at a glance for livestock feeding.Livestock Adviser, 1 : 5-8.4. Krishan Mohan, D. V. G., Pathak, N. N., Ranjhan, S. K., Saxena, K. K. and Katiyar. R. C. (1976). Growthperformance of cross-bred heifers fed energy and protein as per different feeding standards. Ind. J. Anim.ScL,46.

685. Krishna Mohan. D. V. G., Ranjhan, S. K., Pathak, N. N., Katiyar, R. C. and Bhat, P. N. (1976). Utilisationof Ulea molasses liquid diets alongwith limited amount of intact protein and cereal forage for milkproduction in cross-bred (B. Indians x B. taurus) cows, (i) Voluntary consumption, milk yield and body'weight charges. Ind. J. Anim. Sei.. 46: 468- 472.6. Mehra Ush'a R, Nath, K., Ranjhan, S. K. and Chetal. Urimila (1976). A note on the difference betweenblood urea of buffalo and cow calves. J. Agri. Sci., Cambridge, 86 : 45-8.7. Nath. K. (1975). Present stctus of Research on Buffalo Nutrition in India, Ind. Anim. Prod.S. Pathak, N. N., Krishan Mohan, D. V. G. and Ranjhan, S. K (1976). A note on the voluntary intake andgrowth response of buffalo calves fed. ad libitum urea-molasses liquid diet and restricted cereal foragewith different supplementary nitrogenous feeds. Ind. J Anim. ScL, 46: 506-507.9. Pathak, N. N., Krishan Mohan, D. V. G., Ranjhan, S. K., Katiyar, R. C. and Bhat, . P. N. (1976). Utilisationof urea molasses liquid diet alongwith limited amount of intact protein production in crossbred (B. Indiansx B. taurus) cows. Ind. J. Anim. Sci., 46: 306-402 (ii) Effect on digestibility coefficients, and effic iencyof energy and nitrogen utilisation for milk production.10. Rao, B. N., Ranjhan, S K, and Krishna Mohan, D. V. G. (1976). Effect of feeding poultry dropping maizesilage on the growth rate and nutrient utilisation in crossbred calves. Ind. J. Anim. Sci.11. Sawhney, P. C., Bedi, S. P. S. and Khan, S. A. (1976). Trace element contents in the fodders of Jammuand Kashmir State. Ind. J. Anim. Sci.12. Sawhney, P. C., Khan, S. A. and Bedi S. P. S. (1976). Distribution of trace elements in feeds & foddersof draught prone area of Maharashtra State. Ind. J. Anim. Prod.13. Verma, D. N., Singh, U. B., Srivastava. S. K. and Srivastava. R. V. N. (1976). Comparison of theproduction rate of bacteria in rumen of buffalo calves estimated by 'using labelled streptococcus bovisand mixed bacterial cells. J. Agric. Sci. Camb., 87 : 601.POULTRY RESEARCH1. Ayodhya Prasad (1976). Nutritive components of mustard oil cake Proc. 5th All India Poultry Sci. Symp.36-37.2. Ayodhya Prasad {1976}. Some of the toxic components of mustard oil cake. Proc. Ibid. 37-38.3. Barua. N., Mohapatra, S. C., Agarwal, S. K., Ahuja., S. D. and Chaturvedi, D. K. (1976). Selection formultiple adjectives in egg type chickens. Proc. Ibid. 19·20.4. Barua, M., Mahapatra, S. C., Ahuja, S. D., Ayyagari, V. and Mohan, K. (1976). Studies on the efficiency ofone and two stage index selection. I bid. 20-21.5. Chaturvedi, D. M. (1976). The pigs as Friend of man in war and peace. Poultry Guide 13: 43-45.6. Chaudhary, B., Mahapatra, S. C., Venl

69PHYSIOLOGY & CLIMATOLOGY1. Gael, V. K. (1976). Climate and egg production. Proc. of the Summer Institute on Animal Climatology, Ibid.2. Joshi, B. C., Singh, K. and Bhattacharyya, N. K. (1976). Some physiological responses, feed consumptionand water intake ot Large White Yorl

702. Biswas, J. C., Raina, B. l., Rajendra Kumar and Bhat, P. N. (1976). Studies on live and abnormalspermatozoa in crossbred bulls. 15 ; 129-132.3. Bhat, P. N. (1976). Exploitation of dairy animals for meat. UNDP Symposium, NDRI, 1-84. Sharma S. 1

71needs of different Veterinary Colleges, Agricultural Universities and institutes in the country by way of supplyingthem books and literatures etc., on loan. The students and research workers in various disciplines of animalsciences and other allied disciplines from all parts of the country visit the library for consulting such literaturethat is generally not available in other libraries. Scientific workers from other fields like N. E. Railway Hospitaland industrial concerns such as Camphpr, Turpentine and Synthetic Rubber and Chemicals. and from localcolieges also visited the library frequently for cousultation.Mukteswar:Thirty eight new books were added to the library and 110 foreign and Indian Research Journals aodperiodicals were subscribed. About 200 reports, reprints and bulletins published by various institutes. organisationsand international societies were procured. Nearly 1,200 publication were issued and about 6,000publications were consulted by readers and research workers.. Izatnagar :Under the 'Inter Library Loan Sch~me', 250 periodicals were issued to other libraries.ENGINEERING SECTIONThe section continued to look after the maintenance, working anil repairs of a wide range of scientificmachines, equipments plants and installations. Besides production and supply of 3,264 lit. of liquid nitrogenand 1,435 cu. m. of kerocene oil gas the section attended to 1,466 jobs. These jobs included from fabricationof minor items indigenously to repairs of a wide range of highly sophisticated electronic equipments.Mukteswar:The activities included the pumping and supply of water (5,63,560 K. litres), distribution of electricity(6,51,217 units) generation and supply of gas (6,129 cu. m.) and generation and supply of distilled water(950 lit.).The day to day repairs of gas plant, boilers, water pumps·, generators, tractors and laboratory equipmentswere attended.Izatnagar:In all 200 mechanical and 683 electrical jobs were completed.ESTATE SECTIONDuring the year 1976, 491.560 acres of cultivated land was put under Khar,if crops and 226.59 acresunder Rabi crops. 9.084.108 m. t. green fodder and 484.740 m. t. dry fodder was produced for feeding thelivestock. Oats seed 5,368 Kg. was produced during the yaar 1976.Mukteswar:The purchase, amounting to Rs. 3,11,692.25 and the distribution of the grains" prepared feeds, mixtures,fodders and vegetables for feeding the experimental animal was handled as usual.To meet additional requirement of foods and fodder the respective land put under fodder crops duringKharif and Rabi crop· seasons was 90 hect. and 52.6 hect. The respective yield of the different products was asgiven below :-Green fodderSilageHay6,629.55 qtls.2,621.03 "1,864~25 "

Oat-hayVegetable leaves7284.44 "1,45.68 "Three departmental works, under estimates, and 204 jobs of repairs under petty works were undertaken.Few heating drums were fabricated and supplied to various section. Besides routine work the manufacture andpacking of 211 railway and 135 post parcels were undertaken. The cart road and vehicular road to Latoli outKaraul were procured from I. V. R. I., Izatnagar. and supplied to the employees of the station.The apple crop of the institute orchard was given on contract for Rs. 11.250. The maintenance of flowerbeds and lawns. plantation of ornamental chimbers and roses, spraying of insecticides and fungicides. improvingthe layout of plots for cultivation, and clearing of wild bushes and undesirable vegetation was carried out.Izatnagar:MEDICAL SECTIONThe attendance cases at the hospital totalled to 1,26.214 of these 56,470 were old and 69.744 new.Indoor and emergency case were 64 and 5.225, respectively. The P. O. P. cases amounted to 60 and the numberof minor operations performed was 218. The clinical laboratory continued to conduct a wide range of laboratorytests which totalled to 4,648. The X-ray and screening unit of the hospital conducted 1,131 X-rays and 140screenings.Mukteswar:The general health of the people at the campus remained good except for sporadic ,cases of chicken pox,measles and mumps which were effectively contained.The inpatients numbered to 294 and of these 158 were staff numbers and the rest others. The totalnumbers of patients attending the hospital was 60,047 and of these 26.991 cases were old and 33,662 new.In all, 83 minor operations (including obstetrical and gynaecological) were performed. Sixty seven casesof labour and abortion were attended and under family welfare programme cases of performing vasectomy,tubectomy and fixings of loops were under taken. Suitable vaccination programmes, using small pox, choleraand T. A. B. vaccines and triple antigens were conducted and diagnosis through X-rays screening E. C. G.in cases.CONFERENCES/S E MI NARS/SY M POSIA/SUM M ER IN STITUTES1. Summer Institute in "Animal Tissue Culture" he!d at I. V. R. I. Mukteswar from 15th May to 30th June, 1976.2. Summer Institute in "Animal Climatology" held at I. V. R. I. Izatnagar from 1 st to 30th June. 1976.3. Staff Course on "Livestock health" held a,t I. V. A. I. Izatnagar from 5th to 11th November, 1976.POST GRADUATE EDUCATIONPresently. 98 Ph. D. scholars. 45 M. V. Sc. (F) and 55 M. V. Sc. (P) students are on the roll of theInstitute. Thirty six Ph. D. scholars are recipients of the' senior research fellowship of ICAR/CSIR/AEC. Ninetysix M. V. Sc. students of the junior research followships of ICAR/IVRI and three M. V. Sc. students are studyingunder the Colombo Plan. Besides relaxation in the marks for admission to the M. V. Sc. degree Course the~chedule caste/tribe candidates have been provided adequate financial assistance. There being no othercandidates, only one scheduled caste and three scheduled tribe candidates are on the M. V. Sc. roll.Under various short terms specialised training programmes, 24 candidates were trained.One of thesecandidates was from the University of Utericht, Netherland and the other two were from GDR, under the Indo­SDR Supplementary.

73LIST OF THE RESEARCH PROJECTS FOR 1977MUKTESWAR CAMPUSProject No.11.00V.1.011.0110V.1.021.0251.0281.029V.l.031.032V.l.041.041V.l.061.061V.2.00V.2.022.021V.2.0312.031V.2.042.041Title of ProjectsRES EARCH PROJECT ON VIRAL INFECTIONFoot and Mouth DiseaseResearch and development of experimental foot andmouth disease vaccine.RinderpestStudies on rinderpest and rinderpest like disease.Calf-hood vaccination against rinderpest.Further studies on tissue culture rinderpest vaccine(TCRP) produced in lamb kindey (lK) cultures.Sheep-PoxStudies on live attenuated and inactivated tissue culturesheep-pox vaccine.Influenza Lab.Studies on the prevalence of influenza virus in animalswith special reference to swine and equines.Biochemistry Lab. (Animal viruses)Studies on the biochemical basis of immunologicalresponses in bovines against rinderpest and FMDV andovine against sheep-pox and their comparisonProject on Health coverage diagnostic services andReproductionClinical Bact. LaboratoTYPrevalence of salmonella infection in laboratory animals.Artificial· Insemination Lab.Studies on the semen of pashmina goats at 7.500 ft.with special reference to fertility.Clinical Veterinary Medicine Lab.Clinical investfgation of Gastroenteritis in dairy cattle/calves and pashmina goats with special reference todrug efficacy.2Principal Investigator!CollaboratorsD. C. ShuklaR. S. JoshiR. P. BansalR. P. BansalA. K. Pandey, S. K. Das andB. B. MallickB. B. Mallick and K. Prabhu DasH. K. L. Tandon, B. B. Mallick,B. U. Rao, R. P. Bansal andA. K. PandeyA. A. Kumar, B. B. Mallick andP. K. UppalGirish Mohan, N. K. Mazumdarand K. K. GoswamiT. P. Parai, A. K. Kumar, NemSingh and A. K. Bhargava3

741V.2.052.051V.2.062.061V.4.004.0114.024.03V.5.005.01502V.7.0f)7.017.02V.7.037.031V.B.O()6.016.01416018:6.020'6.021'6.024:6.027'Clinical Pathology Lab.Studies on etiopathology of pneumonia in pashminagoats with special reference to mycoplasma, chlamydialand viral (Adeno, P. I. 3) agents.Diagnostic service for confirmation of diagnosis ofrinderpest and further study of. duration of immunity.Projects on Production and TechnologyProject and 'standardization of cell cultured inactivatedvaccine against foot and mouth disease.Maintenance and supply of seed virusj3s of rind~rpest.Maintenance and supply of seed viruses of sheep-pox.Tissue CultureDevelopment and study of different cell lines of specialinterest in the veterinary science.Studies on .transformation of continuous cell cultures andits implications.Project on Livestock Production and ResearchCattleProduction p'erformance of dairy cattle at high altitude.Laboratory Animals and PoultryGenetic :improvement of guinea pigs through familyselection.Doctoral and Post graduate StudiesDoctoral StudiesStudies on foot and mouth disease virus vaccine indifferent domestic animals susceptible to this disease.Studies on development of tissue culture rinderpestvaccine using lamb kidney cell culture system.Characterization of Type '0' foot and mouth diseasevirus isolates of Indian origin.Studies oh Indian isolates of foot and mouth diseasevirus type '0' in B H K21 cells with reference to experimentalvaccine production.Studies on foot and mouth disease virus type 'C:.Characterization of Indian isolates of foot and mouthdisease virus type 'A'.23Nem Singh, B. S. Rajya,B. B. Mallick and K. Prabhu DasR. C. JoshiM. G. Pand~y, B. S. Negi,.1. J. Prasad, 8. N. Sharma andA. C. GoelR. P. Bansal. ,S. K. Das and A. K. PandeyS. K. Chawl~ .and D. C. ShuklaS. K. Chawla and D. C. ShuklaD. 'Noble and K. K. GoswamiB. K. JoshiM. C. Pandey and N. S. DattR. P. Bansal and S. KumarA. C. Goel and S. KumarB. S. Negi, B. U. Rao, S. Kumarand B. B. MallickR. N. Sharma and B. U. RaoA. K. Mukhopadhyay andB. U. Rao

7.516.0266.0286.0296.030V.6.026.0426.043B. M. 1.001B. M. 1.002B. M. 2.001B. M •.2.002B. M. 3.001B. M. 4.001B. M. 5.001PT-1PT-1.05PT-22.052PT-2.061Carrier state of bovines exposed to foot and mouthdisease virus.Cellular morphogenesis and transformation with specialreference to occult state of virus.Biological and physioco-chemical characterization ofsheep-pox virus with special reference to attenuatedvaccine strain.In vitro studies on rinderpest virus.Master's StudiesStudies on serological response in sheep with attenuated"land inactivated cell oultu'red sheep pox 'vi"rusvaccine.Stu'dies dn flie prevalence ·of influenza 'virus in birds.2BACTERIOLOGY & MYCOLOG.YSero-typinj;J of Salmonella organisms.Prevalence of Salmonella in free living wild life inrelation to' animal salmonellosis.Serological and isolation studies Of Leptospira fro·m manand animals.Preparation' of standard anti-leptospira sera.Studies on bovine reproductive disorders associatedwith Mucoplasma.Investigations on serum globulins in healthy and diseasednewly born calves to develop immunotherapy.Isolation,' identification and chara'cterliation of ba'cterialagents from the clinical cases of Livestock and Primates.PATHOLOGY--Disease of large animals (cattle buffalo and wildanimals)Respiratory diseases of neonates with special referenceto calves.Dise_ase 'of small animals (Sheep, goats, pigs 'am!dogs)Studies on piglet mortality.Studies pn 'Iamb and .kid mortality.S. C. Tewari and B. U. RaoD. C. Shukla. S. K. Chawla,B. B. Mallick and S. C. SharmaS. K. Das, B. B. Mallick,B. U. Rao and A. K. PandeyR. C. Joshi, B. B. Mallick,B. U. Rao and S. K. ChawlaB. K. Singh and A. K. Pandey3L. H. Manjunath and, B. B. MallickB. R. Gupta, J. C. Verma andP. K. UppalD. K. Ray, B. B. Gupta andJ. C. VermaS. P. Singh and P. K. UppalN. C. Srivastava and S. P. SinghP. K. Uppal and N. C. SrivastavaP. K. Uppal and A. K. BhargavaN. C. Srivastava, B. M. Arora,D. K. RayLand P. K. UppalKali Charan, S. C. Mukherjeeand M. L. MehrotraS. C. GuptaO. P. Paliwal andS. B. Kulshrestha

761PT-2.07PT-2.08PT-4PT-4.01Morphogenesis of granulomatous lesions in paratuberculosis(small ruminants) vis - a - vis auto - immunereaction.Studies on etiopathology of pneumonia in Pashminagoats with special reference to mycoplasma, chlamydialand viral (Adeno P. I. 3)Disease of Small Laby. AnimalsStudies on mortalities in small laboratory animals.2B. S. Rajya, K. R. Mittal.O. P. Paliwal and S. G. KrishnaNem Singh, B. S. Rajya,B. S. Mullick and Prabhu DasC. F. Mataney and S. C. Gupta3P. S. 1.06P. S. 2.0!>P. S. 207P S. 3~06 (a)P. S. 3.06 (b)P. S. 3.07AVIAN DISEASESProtective efficacy of FVT and other prophylatic agentsagainst Marek's Disease.Studies on the Etiopathology and pathogenesis ofEnteritis in Chickens and evaluation of drug.Preliminary survey of the disease of quails.Development of evaluation of some diagnostic andsubtyping methods for lymphoid Leukosis.Use of allergic tests and its efficacy as compared byserological tests, histopathology and isolation of M.ga/lisepticum.Studies on the avian salmonellosis; the possible mode oftransmission and pathology in chickens.EntomologyPARASITOLOGYEffect of gamma radiation and chemosterilization in thereproduction potential of ticks.HelminthologyStudies on haemonchosis.Project on Immunology of Facioliasis.ProtozoologyStudies on theileria and Theileriasis.In vitro cultivation of Theileria annulata.Investigations on the biology and control of Anaplsma.H. V. S. Chauhan, K. C. Verma,R. L. Sah and S. C. AryaM. P. Mall, K. C. Verma,H. V. S. Chauhan and R. L. SahR. L. Sah, M. P. Mall,K. N. Kapoor and S. C. AlyaR. L. SahS. C. AryaK. N. KapoorS. C. Srivastava and K. MoinH. C. Malviya and B. PatnaikV. K. Srivastava, G. Subramanianand J. C. VermaG. Subramanian, R. N. Naithaniand J. C. VermaN. N. SharmaM. N. Malhotra andG. S. Miranpuri

771P. S. 4.01P. S. 6.21P. S. 7.1EP-1EP-l.02EP.1.03EP.1.04EP.1.05EP.2EP.2.01EP.2.02EP.3EP.3.01EP.5EP 5.EMS.l.01Cilnical ParasitologyProject to clinical parasitism in livestock control ofclinical parasitisms in :(a) Cattle Project(b) Pig Project(c) Sheep 8- Goat Project(d) Pashmina ProjectPost Graduate StudiesHost parasite relationship in Bunostomiasis of sheepand Goat.Nuclear ResearchStudies on the radiation attenuated vaccine with particularreference to lungworms of sheep and goats"Dictyocaulus filaria".Large Animals2EPIDEMIOLOGYNational Survey of Perinatal mortality among cattleand Buffaloes.Epidemiological studies on Mortality in Equines.Studies on the Pattern of Mortality in Buffaloes inselected Livestock Farms.Epidemiological Studies on reproductive disorders inCattle and Buffaloes.Small AnimalsEpidemiological study of Perinatal and youngstockMortality in sheep and goats.Epidemiological studies on piglet mortality in India.PoultryEpidemiological study of various disease conditionsresponsible for poultry mortality.Communicable disease Surveil/enceEvaluation of the progress of epizootic disease controlin India.EX PT. MED. & SURGERYExperimental Studies on partial by pass of deudenumby gastroduodenal anastomo3-is in mono and polygastric animals.3B. Patnaik at Div level.B. Patnaik at Div. level.B. Patnaik at Div. leveland V. K. Srivastava at farm level.-do-V. K. Srivastava andKr. Suresh SinghP. G. DeoS. S. KheraHari Shankar, C_ Natarajan andS. S. KheraC. Natarajan and Hari ShankarHari Shankar, C. Natarajan,S. S. Khera and S. N. LuktukeP. C. Harbol'a and S. S. KheraS. G. Mallick and S. S. KheraB. S. Rathore and S. S. KheraS. S. ,KheraA. P. Singh, G. R. Singh andA. K. Bhargava

781EMS.1.02EMS.1.03EMS.2.01EMS.1.04EMS.1.05VPH-1.00VPH.1.Q5VPH.2.00VPH.2.07VPH.2.09VPH.2.10VPH.2.21VPH.2.31Studies on the role of esseous and sunthetic materialsin bone healing.Transplantation of ureter in rumen for recycling ureanitrogen and applied surgical application.Experimental studies on chemotherapy and prophylacticmeasures against dermatophytosis.Inter-Divisional ProjectsApplication of zygote transplantation technology in anamino reproduction.Effect of partial Gastration on growth rate and meatquality in goats.2VETERINARY puaLlc HEALTHStudies on the Arterial Diseases of Domestic Animals(a) Studies on the correlation of age with the developmentof spontaneous arterial lesion in bovines withparticular reference to buffaloes.(b) Role of smooth muscle cells (SMC) and acidmucopolysac.charides (AMPS) in the development oflesions of atheresclerosis.Studies on the Problems of Zoonotic Importance.Studies on pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) amonghuman patients in U. P. with special reference to zoonoticinfection.Retrospective studies on human Brucetlosis.Rickettsial ~nfection in man and animals.Studies on Toga virus infection in human being andanimal population in Bareilly and neighbouring areas.Studies on the incidence of Parasitic infections of Vety.Pub. Health importance in human being in Bareirly cityand surrounding areas.G. R. Singh, A. P. Singh andA. K. BhargavaI. V. Mogha, G. R. Singh andA. K. BhargavaS. K. Dwivedi, Shruti Dhar andS. C. Das3A. K. Bhargava, I. V. Mogha,A. P. Singh. N. K. Bhattacharyyaand J. K. PandeyA. K. Bhargava, I. V. Mogha andJ. K. PandeyN. P. Shalla and L. N. SinghN. P. Bhalla and L. N. SinghS. S. Kulshrestha, H. N. Misra,S. P. Singh, P. K. Gangopadhyay,M. P. Mahrotra, Prof, & Head,Deptt of Med. S. N. MedicalCollege, Agra. J. S. Mathur,Prof. & Head of Deptt. of S.P.M.G.V.M. Medical College, KanpurMedical OfficersH. N. Misra, G. P. Sen andS. B. KulshresthaP. K. GangopadhyayK. D. PandeyR. K. Garg

79123VPH.5.00VPH.5.01B. P. 1.1B.P.1.2B. P. 1.2aB. P. 1.3B. P. 1.5B. P. 2.1B. P. 2.2B. P. 3.1B. P. 3.2B. P. 3.3B. P. 3.4B. P. 3.5B. P. 4.01Assoc.IVRIPh. D.BS.l.BS.1.04Studies on Food Hygiene.Studies on Food borne illness in human beings withspecial reference to salmonellosis.FAO/WHO National Brucellosis Reference Centre.Virus VaccineBIOLOGICAL PRODUCTSStudies on B. P. L. inactivated antirabic vaccine.Cell culture propagated rabies virus.Studies on rabies (flurry) vaccine.Studies on cell culture swine fever vaccine.Production of sheep pox vaccine.Bacterial VaccineH. S. Adjuvant Vaccine through aeration.Studies on multicomponent clostridial vaccine.Diagnostic Ant;gensSalmonella type specific sera production.Standardization of diagnostic procedure for tuberculosisand Johne's disease in animals and studying theproblem of nonspecific reactions.Expt. vaccination against Johnes disease.Augmenting the production of diagnostic antigens(Johnin & tuberculins).Studies of diagnosis of glanders.Production of Cell culture R. P. vaccine.Studies on horse sickness virus.Guide.POST GRADUATE STUDENTSStudies on cell culture Rinderpest virus.Guide.VirologySTANDARDIZATIONTesting of viral vaccines from production centres.S. B. Kulshrestha and H. N. MisraG. P. Sen and T. P. JoshiS. ChandraP. MadhusudanP. Madhusudan. K. C. Sinha. R. P. Misra andS. RaoR. P. Misra and K. C. Sinha .M. L Ahuja and M. S. YadavRoshan LalG. Majumdar and K. C. SinhaG. Singh and K. D. BhayaG. Singh and K. D. BhayaG. Singh and K. D. BhayaG. Singh and K. D. BhayaY. P. Nanda. G. Narain andY. N. SiddiquiG. MajumdarK. C. SinhaY. P. NandaP. K. UppalB. K. Gupta. V. P. Singh andS. C. Misra

801BS.1.058S.2BS.2.03BS.3BS.3.05BS.3.07BS.4BS.4.01AN. 1.10AN. 1.11AN.1.13AN.1.14AN.1.16AN. 1.17AN.2AN. 2.11AN. 2,18'AN. 2.20AN. 2.21Evaluation of vaccine administered through non-parentialroute.BacteriologyTesting of bacterial vaccines from production centres.ImmunologyStudies on vaccines against Pasteurellosis.Studies on surface fixation test with a view to standardizeit for diagnosis of certain infections in the field.National Collection of Tvpe CultureEstablishment of National collection of type cultu re(1) Viruses.(2) Bacteria.2ANIMAL NUTRITIONRecycling of organic wastes with poultry excreta as oneof the main ingredients.To devise a simple laboratory model for extracting amajor portion of moisture (added water) from tomatoand lemon pomaces.Utilization of petro pr.oteins concentrates obtained ,fromhydrocarbons by ruminants.Studies on the utilization of Rice Husk as animal feed,Studies on the effect of adding urine in the diet of cattleon rumen metabolism.Effect of grinding and pelleting of poor quality roughagesin suitable combinations with other feeds on the performanceof the cattle.Cattle and Buffalo NutritionStudies on the distribution and Metabolism- of traceelements. StudieS' on trace elements with reference to soil,plant and animal relationship,Oualitative and Quantitative estimation of amino acidscomposition of different feeds and fodders for theevaluation of proteins quantity.Input-output relationship for milk production in crossbredcows.Nutritional Studies on the production of meat ftombuffaloes.V. P. Singh, B. K. Gupta andK. R. MittalB. K. Gupta, K, R. Mittal andT. N. JaiswalK. R. M ittal, T. N. Jaiswal andB. K. GuptaB. K. Gupta and S. C. MisraV. P. Singh, S. C. Misra,D. C. Maurya and T. N. JaiswalK. R. Mittal and A. M. JanaM. M. Jayal, If. K. Jain andS. K. RanjhanM. M. Jayal, V. K. Jain andS. K. RanjhanKedar Na1h and V. K. VijjanU. B. Singh and U. ChetalD. N. Verma, U. Chetal,U. R. Mehra, N. N. Pathak andU. B. SinghM. M. Jayal and V. K. Jain3P.C. Sawh"ney; S. P. S. Bedi andS.A.KhanC. K. Wahal, K. K. Saxena andS. K. RanjhanV. N. Murty, S. J. Daniel,H. N. Pandey and Q. Z. HassanS.K.Ra~han,N.N. PalliakandS. J. Daniel

811AN. 2.22AN.2 23AN. 2. 24AN.4AN. 4.09AN.5AN. 5. 20AN. 5. 24AN. 2. 26AN. 6AN.6 08AN. 6. 11AN. 6. 26AN. 6. 23AN. 6.37AN. 6.38AN. 6. 39Effect of the growth rate and rumen development ofpre-ruminant cross-bred calves raised on limited milkintake supplemented with calf starters supplying differentsources of proteins.Evaluation of single cell protein.Comparative electron Microscopic studies of rumen ofcattle and Buffalo, Elucidation of ultra structural differences(if any) and their corr.elation with Absorptiveability of the Rumen.Pigs and Laboratory Animal NutritionProject'with l:..ivestock production research on pigs.Utilization o'f water hyacinth. as a main ingredient ofration for various categories of land race pigs.Rumen Digestion and' MetabolismRumen Digestion and Metabolism; Studies on theproduction rates of microbial proteins in the rumen.Isolation and characterization of rumen bacteria frombuffalo an'd cattle.Biochemical studies on rumen microorganisms in relationto Ruminant Nutrition. I-Studies on proteolytic Activityof Rumen Micro-organisms of Buffalo and Cattle.Post Graduate StudiesInter-reaction of copper and zinc and its influence on themetabolism of major nutrients in growing calves.Studies on protein, calcium and phosphorus requirementof local adult male sheep for maintenance on work qoneunder the ICAR Scheme.Effect of variable caloric density rations on rumenmetabolism and efficiency of meat production ofMuzaffarnagari lambs.Response of urea-molasses diet as the main source of'nitrogen and energy for chevon production in barbarigoats.Utilization of Mahua cake as.a cattle feed.Iron, Maganese status of soils, plants and animals,. theirinteractions and effect on other nutrient in ruminants.Effect of different levels of metabolizable energy on thegrowlh, digestion of proximate principles and balancesof nutrients in cross-bred calves.23S. K. Ranjhan, C. K. Wahal,K. K. Saxena and D. V. G. KrishnaMohanV. N. Murty and Q. Z. HassanS. C. SharmaS. K. RanjhanN. N. Pathak, S. K. Srivastavaand S. K. RanjhanU. B. Singh, D. N. Verma andU. R. MehraR. V. N. Srivastava andS. K. SrivastavaY. R. Saxena, U. R. Mehra andU. ChetalS. A. Khan and P. C. SawhneyV. P. ShuklaD. R. Bhatia and S. K. RanjhanMurari Lal and U. B. SinghArun Verma and U. B. SinghK. S. Chillar'and P. C. SawhneyN. C. JOshi and K. Nath

821AN. 6, 47AN. 6. 48AN. 6. 49AN. 6. 50AN. 6. 51AN. 6. 52AN. 6. 53AN. 6. 541.152.124.114.124.134.15.5.115.12'5.13.Nutritional studies on various types of calf-starterssupplemented with different levels of milk intake on theperformance of pre-ruminant crossbred calves.Studies on water-hyacinth as a component of pig ration.Studies on the utilization of Mahua cake in growingcalves.Influence of Manganese on the digestibility of proximateprinciples and metabolism of calcium & Phosphorus ingrowing cow calves.Alkali treated Neem Seed Cake as a Cattle feed.Studies on'the effect of different levels of dietary energyon growth rate. water turn over rate and body compositionof buffalo calves.Studies on the digestibility of nutrients, water turn overrates and body composition in Muzaffarnagari X Dorsetand M X suffolk crosses of sheep.Growth responses of crossbred calves fed milk substitutediets based on M. V. Sc. Projects.2POU L TRY RESEARCHNutrient requirements of chicken (a) Energy utilisationchicken.Maintenance and improvement of idigenous germplasm.Poultry Products Technology and MarketingStandardisation of quality control of egg powderprepared by spray method.Processing and preservation of quail egg and meat.Studies on technical feasibility of manufacturing chickensausage at pilot plant scale.Comparative studies on composition and nutritive valueof eggs from desi and exotic chickens.Avian Physiology, Reproduction, ManagememStudies on the fertility and hatchability :of quail eggs asinfluenced by different seasons.Studies on the effect of cage density on egg productioncharacteristics in White Leghorn pullets.Studies on the distribution of body fluids in coturnixeoturnix.D. R. Das and S. K. Ranjhan3R. P. Talukdar and S. K. RanjhanS. Kumar and U. B. SinghS. R. Bhoot and K. NathB. Shamala Rao and M. Y. KhanY. Chandra Sekhar andM. Y. KhanA. P. Kalamdhi andS. K. RanjhanS. K. Srivastava andS. K: RanjhanV. R. Reddy andH. P. SrivastavaG. V. Rao, S. C. Mohapatra,T. D. Mahadevan and T. S. JohriT. D. Mahadavan, R. P. Singhand R. S. LachiramaniB. Panda and A. K. SrivastavaS. S. Verma, V. Lakshmanan andT. R. K. MurthyV. R. Sadagopan, R. P. Singh,R. C. Kesari and V. R. ReddyD. P. Gulati, S. K. Agarwal andS. D. AhujaT. S. Johri and P. N. SharmaH. B. Joshi, D. P. Gulati andS. K. Agarwal

15.147.017.027.032Production of quails (coturnix coturnix) for meat andegg.Collaborative ProjectsInter Divisional/Inter-Institutional Inter-N ational.Operational Research Project .••••.•.••.. Poultry Production(Collaboration with Extension Division).Evaluation of algal protein as feed supplement in poultryration. (Collaboration with All India CoordinatedResearch Project on Algae.)Studies on the effects of feeding biostimulator in quails.(Collaboration with Physiology and ClimatologyDivision).833B. Panda, S. D. Ahuja,D. P. Gulati. S. K. Agarwal,R. L. Sah, H. B. Joshi andV. R. ReddyG. V. RaoD. K. ChaturvediD. K. Chaturvedi1.061.071.082.042.052.063.013.023.013.04PHYSIOLOGY & CLIMATOLOGYHeat tolerance tests for Fl crossbred heifers of Harianawith Holstein Frisian, Brown Swiss & Jersey (Laboratorystudies).Studies on the thermoadaptability of Fl crossbred heifersof Holstein Frisian, Brown Swiss & Jersey with Harianabase (controlled laboratory investigation).Heat tolerance indices of Fl female crosses (Hariana xBrownswiss & Hariana x Holstein Frisian) (Field investigation).Evaluation efficacy of biostimulator preparations ofgrowth rate, feed utilisation, meat composition andthyroid status of goats.Studies on water crops as an ingredient in goat ration.Utilisation of poultry excreta _in the conc. mixture ofgoats.Assessment of superovulation potential in MGAsynchronized goats.Endocrinological profile in bovines suffering fromreproductive disorders.Laboratory preparation and biological evaluation ofPMSG.Physio-Chemical studies on the pemen of indigenousgoats.B. C. Joshi and K. SinghB. C. JoshiK. Singh and B. C. JoshiB. B. Mahapatro, D. C. Shukla,K. K. Saxena and V. P. VarshnevB. B. Mahapatro andD. C. ShuklaD. C. Shukla andB. B. MahapatroP. C. Sanwal and J. K. PandeJ. K. Pande, P. C. Sanwal,V. P. Varshney and K. P. Agarw~1V. K. Gael, M. M. Raza andJ. K. PandeM. M. Raza Nasir, K P. Agrawaland N. K. Bhattacnaryya

8414.016.086.116.156.226.276.286.29Studies on the transplantation of zygote/embryo ingoats.Post-Graduate Students Research ProjectsStudies on the effect of biostimulator feeding on growthand metabolism of sheep/goat.Study of upper critical temperature in Hariana and itsforeign crosses.Studies on the Pharmacological actions of some drugsin bovine theiteriasis.Studies on the endocrine aspects of production andreproduction in ruminants.Effect of some agents used for augmenting reproductionon the endocrine profile in goats.Ovulation characteristics in Black Bengal nannies.Studies on the transplantation of Zygote/Embryo ingoats.2N. K. Bhattacharyya,K. P. Agrawal, P. C. Sanwal andJ. K. PandeD. C. Shukla, SchelarB. B. Mahapatro, GuideKhub Singh. ScholarN. K. Bhattacharyya. GuideL. D. Sharma. ScholarN. K. Bhattacharyya. GuideV. P. Varshney, ScholarJ. K. Pande. Guide3M. Rahman. ScholarJ. K. Pande. GuideV. H. Rao. StudentN. K. Bhattacharyya. GuideN. P. Agarwal. ScholarN. K. Bhattacharyya, GuidePHARMACOLOGY 8- TOXICOLOGY1.012.0116.0?6.026.05,6.0a6.071Pharmacology and Plant ChemistryChemical and pharmacological investigatiJns of indigenousmedicinal plants for their anthelmintic activity.PT. 2 ToxicologySurveillance and monitering of the residues and toxicityof organophosphorous pesticides in the feeds andfodders of livestock.PT.6 Post-Graduate StudiesStudies on the pharmacological actions of some drugsin bovine theileriasis.Chemical investigation cn some indigenous medicinalplants.Toxicity on organophosphorous compound (Sumithion)on rumen :function.Pharmacotherapeutic investigation of iodide salt oftetracycline.Studies on the role of Histamine. 5-hydraytryptamineand Catecholamines on oestrous cycle and pregnancy inGoats.M. Sabir, J. Lal. S. Chandra,V. Raviprakash, K. S. Rao andB. Patnaik.Y. P. Singh. M. S. Sastry,D. C. Shukla, R. V. N. Srivastavaand S. K. SrivastavaL. D. Sharma. Ph. D. ScholarN. K. Bhattacharyya, GuideSuresh Chandra, Ph. D. ScholarM. S. Sastry. GuideAurobinodo Bhawmik, ScholarM. S. Sastry, GuideMadhurendra Kumar, ScholarN. Singh, GuideV. Raviprakash. ScholarM. Sabir, Guide

8516.081.031.042Studies on the toxicity of Sumithion in Sheep.ANIMAL GENETICSAG.1 Population Genetics & Animal BreedingStudies on productivity and reproductivity of Indian,breeds of cattle and their crossbreds.Studies on genetic and environmental causes of variationin productivity of Indian buffaloes.3Y. P. Singh. ScholarM. S. Sastry, GuideP. N. Shat, Salish Kumar andHarpreet SinghP. N. Bhat and Rajendra Kumar2.012.022.032.112.122.132.142.152.163.013.023.033.04AG.2 Immunogenetics, Biochemical & Physiological GeneticsA simultaneous approach to quantitative and qualitativevariation in farm animal research using immunogenetics,biochemical, genetics and statistical techniques.Studies on blood group and biochemical polymorphism P. P. Bhat and P. N. Bhatin Indian Sheep.Genetic studies on serum cholestrol in the blood of H. K. Bhagibuffaloes.Studies on blood groups and biocherni,cal,polymorphismin Indian Cattl~ and their crossbre~s.Genetic studies on enzyme polymorphism in thedomestic farm animals.Role of Organin constituents in animal production andreproduction.Studies on genetic markers in Indian Goats.Development and adoption of genetic models to comput~rsfor statistical treatment of blood group a'ndbiochemical p,?lymorphism data.Studies on blood groups of Indian bovines.K. N. Khanna, H. P. Singh andS. N. T~ndonN. K. Khann, S. N. Tandon,B. U. Khan, B. G. Katpatal andS. N. KaushikK. J. Eapen an,d H. K. BhagiH. P. SinghN. D. Khanna, H. P. Singh,Prem Nar'ain '(IARS) andH. P. Sin'gh 1S. N. Tandon, N. D. Khanna,S. N. Kaushi'k ~nd B. G. KatpatalAG.3 Cyogenetics &- CytologyCytological and cytogenetic ihve'stigatio ns of different B. R. Benjamin and P. P. Bhatanimals and birds.Genetical studies including polymegaly of spermato~o~n N. S. ~iddhunucleu,s lenllth and tail length in Dr.oso/?hila species.P1wn.9g,eneti,c and cytogenetic studies in pou,ltry O. ,~. Goswamigame~~s.Studies on the cytology of interpha~e nucleas of somaticcells of Indian water buffaloes with special reference tosex specific structure.R. Sahai

861305Studies on the cytogenetic profile of laboratory animalsand effect of certain antibiotics: Studies on rabbitsand crats.2R. Sahai and B. R. Benjamin3ANIMAL REPRODUCTIONDAR-t. Animal Gvnaecology1.1Studies on subfertility and infertility in bovines.S. N. Luktuke, L. N. Purbey,N. C. Sharma and R. P. Verma1.2Studies on subfertility and infertility in bovines.up studies.FollowInter Divisional Project-Divisionsof Animal Reproduction, Path.,Phy. &. Climate., Nutrition andBact.DRA-2. Andrology2.1Andro[ogical studies in breeding sires.S. N. Luktuke and L. N. Purbey3.13.2'3.3LPT.OlLPT.OZLPT.03,LPT.04lPT.OS,LPT.06.B.C.1.0lB.C.1.02'B.C.l.03:DAR-3. Artificial InseminationStudies on frozen semen: Studies on freezability andfertilizing ability of bull and buffalo spermatozoa.Establishment of Germ Plasm Centre.Operational Refearch Project on livestock Production.LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS TECHNOLOGYEffect of Nitrite and other factors on the physiochemicalcharacteristics of cured pork.Isolation and purification of coxyytocin and vasopressin.Isolation and purification of Hapria.Economic and statistical studies in livestock productionprogramme.Studies on postmortem changes of meat produced underroutine Abattoir procedure.Studies on the isolation and content of insulin in buffalo.BIOCHEMISTRY & FOOD SCIENCEStudies on physiochemical properties of buffalobloodproteins. IV Hemoglobin.Metabolism of buffalo spermatozoa 1. phospholipids.Studies on buffalo milk constituents during completelactation.EXTENSIONGajjan Singh and M. R. AnsariGajjan Singh and M. R. AnsariGajjan Singh and M. R. AnsariN. Sharma and T. R. K. MurtyB. N. Kowle and V. N. B achhilB. N. KowleG. S. BishtV. N. BachhilSushil KumarL. N. SinghAshok Kumar and L. N. SinghL. N. Singh, P. L. Yadava andH. S. PandeOperational Research Project on livestock & fodder improvement.

, 2 3LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION RESEARCH (POULTRY)AICRP on Poultry Breeding (Poultry for Eggs)871.01 Evaluation and regeneration of pure-bred strains.1.0~ (;valuatiQn test crosses.All India Coordinated Research Project on Poultry Breeding (Poultry forMeat)2.01 Evaluation and maintenance of purebred strains.S. C. Mohapatra, V. B. Ayyagari,P. N. Sharma and Satyal PalD. K. Chaturvedi, D. Chaudhuri,M. Praskash Babu andT. S. Thiyaga SundaramCollaboratorsB. Panda, V. R. Sadagopan,G. V. Rao, T. D. Mahadevan,K. K. Pal. H. B. Joshi.S. S. Verma, T. S. JohriV. R. Reddy, S. K. Agarwal,S. D. Ahuja, D. P. Gulati.A. P. Pande. A. K. Srivastava.H. P. Srivastava, R. P. Singh,R. C. Kesari andR. S. lachhiramaniS. C. Mohapatra, S. P. Sinha,K. K. Pal, A. P. Pande, S. P. Khare,S. C. Saxena, R. P. Sharma,A. K. Dev Roy and B. P. SinghCollaboratorsB. Panda, S. S. Verma, G. V. Rao,T. D. Mahadevan, T. S. Johari,V. R.Sadagopan.V. R. Redd~H. B. Joshi, S. K. Agarwal,D. K. Chaturvedi, D. P. Gulati,R. C. Kesari. A. K. Srivastavaand R. P. Singhn.LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION FARM (PIGS)Studies on breeding behavious and Reproduction andproduction performance in Landrace.-Evolving Reasonably economic ration for pigs.LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION FARM (CATTLE)UVestock Production Research (Cattle) All India CoordinatedResearch Project on CattleLivestock Production Research (Buffalo)B. l. Raina. SIJkh Oeo,D. K. Agarwal,. Dinesh Kumarand P. N. BhatD. K. Agarwal, A. K. Chhabra,Sukh Deo, B. L. Raina,S. K. Ranjhan, .oinesh Kumar andP. N. BhatB. G. Katpatal, S. N. Kaushik,Satish Kumar and P. L. YadavR. C. Katiyar and G. l. Kaul

1R&BRCS 1.04RCS 1.05RCS 1.06288Livestock Product.ion Research (Exotic.)IVRI CENTRE BANGAlOREExperimental production of foot & mouth diseaseinactivated vaccine using Baby Hamster Kidney (BHK2Jcell line. .IVRI CENTRE RAWALPORA, SRINAGAR-5Studies on.the epidemiology of lungworm infections ingoats in t~~ ..Jammu & Kashmir State.Studies on the immune response in goats to vaccinationwith the radiation attenuated D. filaria vaccine.Studies on the immune response in two months oldlambs to vaccination with the radiation attenuatedD. filaria vaccine.T. P. Nautiyal, P. C. Dubey.N. C. Sharma, M.M. Saxena,B. A. Sil'}gl")al, R. C. Garg,M. C. Saxena, R. P. Verma,M, M.. Harsh, H. N. Pandey.H. K. Sharma, O. P. Gupta andK. O. AlexanderS. Kumar, A. K. Sen. S. M. Lal,B. B. L. Mathur, l. D. Misra,B. K. Kathuria, S. N. Shah,S. P. Nair, S. vasantha andG. ButachiaD. N. Dhar and R. L. SharmaD. N. Dhar and R. L. SharmaD. N. Dhar and R. L. Sharma3IVRI CENTRE PORT BLAIR (ANOAMANS)SWdies On the efficacy of 'Neguvon' for control of Stephanofllarialqermatitis under field conditions in selected1~lands (Pilot Project).Studies on ,the incidence of common helminthiasisamong ~conomic livestock of selected villages and theircontrol.Studies on th~ incidence of common disease spreadinginsects of live~tock of selected villages and their control.V. P. Sharma Deorani andJ. R. RaoJ. R. Reo and V. P. SharmaDeoraniM. H. Khan and V. P. SharmaDeoraniRAN.3.02RAN.3.04RAN.3.0l2.08IVRI CENTRE PALAMPUR (H.P.)Further studies on utilization of sparingly soluble Lireaderivatives as nonprotein nitrogen suppleme.nts.Studies on Alpine Pastures.Studies on Sheep Nutrition.IVRI CENTRE CALCUTTA-73Incidence .of pyrexia of unknown origin with specialreference to Brucellosis in human patients in Calcutta.Use of F. A. Technique in the Intra Vitam diagnosis ofRabies.Incidence of Zoonotic helminthic infections in animalhandlers.S. S. Negi and R. N. PalS. ,So -Negi and R. N. NegiS. S. Negi and R. N. PalP. N. Khanna, G. Biswas,B. N. Ghosh, K. K. Banerjee andS. DeyG. Biswas, A. K. Banerjee andP. N. Khanna

89-t-HE FOllO-WING OFFICERS WERE IN POSITIONNames and qualifications1Designation2ADMIN/STRA TIONDr. C. M. SinghM. S., Ph. D. (Mich.)Dr. G. L. SharmaM. S., Ph. D. (Mich.)I!!Dr. Ravi ChandraM. V. Sc., Ph. D.Shri D. R. Dutta" A. S. Verma.. Prakash Chandra.. S. D. Gupta.. A. N. ChadhaG. R. Kataria.. A. K. Jagwahi.. B. S. Asgola.. J. S. Bisht.. G. K. Jagwani.. H. C. Joshi" B. S. Rawat" M. K. MukherjeeB. Sc., Dip. lib. Sci., M. Lib. Sci." D. C.' SaxenaDirectorPrincipal-cum-Joint Director(on deputation'l~aq)Officer-In-Charge Training CoursesSenior Administrative OfficerSenior Accounts 'OfficerAdministrative Officer {joined on 16.11.77)Accounts 'offi~er, 'J .Administrative Officer (Mukt)Asstt. Adm. Officer (P&E)• IAsstt. Adm. Officer (Cash)Asstt. Adm. Officer (

901VacantDr. A. K. Pandey. M. V. Sc., Ph. D.VacantShri H. K. L. Tandon, M. V. Sc. (Hons. School)" B. S. Negi, B. Sc., M. V. Cc." R. N. Sharma, B. Sc., M. V. Sc." A. C. Goel, M. V. Sc." K. Prabhu Das, M. V. Sc." R. C. Joshi. B. Sc .• M. V. Sc." T. P. Joshi, B. V. Sc. & Assoc. IVRt" Capt. K. P. Tripathi, B. V. Sc. & A. H." D. C. Shukla. M. V. Sc.Dr. Nam Singh, M. V. Sc., Ph. D.Virologist, Scientist-2 (FMD Research)Virologist, Scientist-2 (Sheep pox)Virologist, Scientist-2(Equine Viral Diseases)Biochemist, Scientist-2Junior Virologist. Scientist-1(F-M D Vaccine Production)Junior Virologist. Scientist-1(FMD Vaccine Production)Junior Virologist, Scientist-1(FMD Vaccine Production)Scientist-1 (Agricultural Res. Service)(from 17.9.76)Asstt. Virologist, Scientist-1 (Rinderpest)Asstt. Bact Scientist-1 l Upto July 1976)Veterinary OfficerAsstt. Virologist, Seientist-1(from 19.3.1976)Asstt. Pathologist, Scientist­(from 31.3.1976)23. Dairy/CattleShri D. Noble, 8. V. Sc. M. Sc. (Dairy Husb.)Scientist-' (From 27.9.76)4. Laboratory Animal & PoultryShri B. K. Joshi. B. Sc. (A. G.),. M. Sc. (Animal Husb_)VacantVacantVacantVacantShri D. C. Shukla, M. V. Sc~" S. K. Oas, M. V. Sc.Scientist-1 (From 17.9.76)Asstt. Virologist. Scientist-1(FMD Vaccine Production)Asstt. Virologist, Scientist-1(FMD Vaccine Production)Asstt. Entomologist (SANS) Scientist-1Asstt. Virologist (N. D.) Scientist-1Sr. Research Asstt. Scientist-Sl Virology) (upto 18.3.1976)Sr. Research Asstt. Scientist-S(Medicine) (From 15.11.76)IIAkhurLAjit Kumar, M; V. Sc.Sr. Research Asstt. Scientist-S. (Bacteriology)

911 2A. I. C. R. P. for Epidemiological Studies onFoot and Mouth DiseaseDr. B. U. Rao, M. V. Sc., Ph. D.Dr. A. Rai, M. V. Sc., Ph. D.Shri A. K. Mukhopadhyay, M. V. Sc.Shri B. K. Kathuria, G. V. Sc., Assoc. IVR IProject Coordinator, Scientist-3Virologist, Scientist-2Jr. Virologist, Scientist-1Jr. Epidemiologist, S-1 (Upto 18.3.1976)Livestock Production and Research A. I. C. R. P.on Pashmina GoatsVacantDr. N. K. Mazumdar, M V. Sc., P. G. (Dip), Ph. D. (Edn.)Dr. (Mrs.) Asha Mazumdar, M. Sc., Ph. D.Shri Murari Lal, M. V. Sc.VacantVacantShri K. K. Goswami, M. Sc. (Stat.)VacantSr. Scientist, Scientist-3GeneticistJunior NutritionistJr. Goat Husbandry Officer(From 24.3.1976)Jr. Wool TechnologistJr. PathologistStatistical InvestigatorSr. Research Asstt.2. Animal ReproductionDr. Greesh Mohan, M. V. Sc., Ph. D.Jr. Research OfficerScientist-1 (From 12.7.76)DIVISION OF BACTERIOLOGY 8- MYCOLOGYVacantDr. P. K. Uppal, M. V. Sc., Ph. D. (Agra), Ph. D. (Contab.)" V. K. Yadav, M. V. Sc., F. R. V. C. (Denmark)" B. R. Gupta, B. V. Sc., Associate IVRI, Ph. D.VacantVacantVacantVacantVacantDr. S. P. Singh, Ph. D. (Leeds)" N. C. Srivastava, M. V. Sc.VacantVacantHead. Division of Bacteriology & MycologyProf. of BacteriologyBacteriologistBacteriologistBacteriologistBacteriologistMycologistBacterial ChemistJr. ScientistAsstt. Prof. (Bacteriology)Asstt. BacteriologistJunior Bacteriologist (Leptospira)Junior Bacteriologist (Glanders)

9212VacantVacantVacantD. K. RayJunior BaGteriologist (Anaerobes)Junior Bacteriologist (Brucellosis)Junior MycologistAsstt. Bacteriologist (Anaerobes)DIVISION OF PATHOLOGYDr. B. S. Rajya, B. Sc., B. V. Sc., M. V. Sc., F. R. C. V. C. S." C. F. Mataney, G. B. V. C., M. V. Sc., Ph. D.Shri P. K. Ramachandran, B. Sc .• B. V. Sc., M. R. C. V. S.Dr. N. S. Parihar, B. V. Sc., M. V. Sc., Ph. D.VacantVacantVacantShri M. L. Mahrotra, M. V. Sc."O. P. Paliwal, B. V. Sc., M. V. Sc," S. C. Gupta, M. V. Sc.Kali Charan, M. V. Sc."" S. C. Mukherjee, M. V. Sc,Head of DivisionDis. Invest. Officer (G)Prof. of PathologyPathologistNutr. Pat.hologistAsstt. Pathologist (TE)Asstt. Prof. (Path.)Asstt. Dis. Invest. Officer (Bacteriology)Asstt. Dis. Invest. Officer (Pathology)Sr. Research Asstt. S-1Sr. Research Asstt. S-lSr. Research Asstt. S-lDIVISION OF AVIAN DISEASESDr. H. V. S. Chauhan, M. V. Sc., Ph. D.K. C. Verma, M. V. Sc., Ph. D."R. L. Sah, M. V. Sc."M. P. Mall, M. V. So."S. C. Arya, M. V. So."K. N. Kapoor, M. V. P. H."Scientist-3Scientist-2Scientist-lScientist-1Scientist-1Scientist-SDIVISION OF PARASITOLOGYDr. (Kr.) Suresh Singh, M. So., Ph. D., D. Sc.Shri B. Patnaik, G. B. V. C., O. V. P., M. Se.Dr. N. N. Sharma, M. So., Ph~ D., D. Sc.Shri H. C. Tewari, M. V. Sc;:., Ph~ D.Shri S. C. Srivastava, M. So.Dr. P. G. Deo, M. Sc., Ph. D.Head of Division (Presently on deputationas expert with Iraq Govt.)Parasitologist (Extn.), I/e Head, Division ofParasitologyProf. of ParasitologySr. Scientific Officer (IV)(Left in Nov.,1976),EntomologistAsstt. Scientific Officer (IV)

931Dr. G. Subramanian, M. Sc., Ph. D." H. C. Malviya, M. Sc., Ph. D." M. N. Malhotra, M. V. ScShri V. K. Srivastava, M. V. Sc." R. C. Naithani, M. A., M. Se." J. C. Verma, M. V. Sc.Mrs. Rizawana Moin, M. Se.2ProtozoologistJunior ScientistProtozoologistAsstt. ParasitologistEntomologistAsstt. Bacteriologist (Transferred)Sr. Research Asstt.DIVISION OF EPIDEMIOLOGYDr. S. S. Khera, M. V. Sc., Ph. D., Dip. Bact. (London)VacantDr. C. Natarajan, M. V. Sc., Ph. D., M. P. H.Vacant·VacantVacantVacantDr. B. S. Rathore, M. V. Sc., Ph. D.VacantShri S. G. Mullick, M. Sc. (Vet.)" P. C. Harbola, M. V. Sc." Hari Shanker, M. V. Sc.VacantVacantVacantVacantHead of DivisionProf. of EpidemiologyEpidemiologist (Large Animals)Epidemiologist (Small Animals)Epidemiologist (Wild Life)Epidemiologist (Poultry)B iostatisticianAsstt. Prof. of Epidemiology(From 11.3.1976)Asstt. Prof. of EpidemiologyJr. Epidemiologist (From 10.3.76)Jr. Epidemiologist (Large Animals)(From 14.5.76)Jr. Epidemiologist (Wild Life)(From 14.5.76)Jr. Epidemiologist (Wild life)Jr. Epidemiologist (Poultry)Jr. Biostatistician.Jr. BiostatisticianDIVISION OF EXPT. MED. & SURGERYVacantDr, A. K. Bhargava, M. Sc., Ph. D." Shruti Dhar, M. V. Sc., Ph. D. (Medicine)" S. K. Dwivedi, M. V. Sc., Ph. D. (Medicine)" S. C. Das, M. V. Sc." B. M. Arora. M. V. Sc., Ph. D. (Medicine)Shri I. V. Mogha, M. V. Sc. (Surgery)Head of DivisionScientist-3Scientist-2 (Preventive Medi'cine)Scientist-2 (Clinical Medicine)Scientist-1 (Orthop. Surgery)Scientist-1 (Lab. Animal)Scientist· 1 (Surgery)

941Shri A. P. Singh, M. V. Sc. (Surgery)Dr. G. R. Singh, M. V. Sc., Ph. D. (Surgery)" Greesh Mohan, M. V. Sc .• Ph. D. (Physiology)" V. S. Vihan, M. V. Sc. (Surgery)" O. P. Gupta, M. V. Sc. (Surgery)" T. P. Parai, M. V. Sc. (Surgery)" K. Pratap, M. V. Sc. (Surgery)Scientist-1 (Asstt. Prof. Surgery)Scientist-1 (Orthop. Surgery)Scientist-1 (Medicine, Presently workingat Moswar, IVRI)Scientist-1 (Surgery, Presently workingat Makhdoom)Scientist-1 (Surgery, Presently workingat F. A. G. S.)Scientist-1 (Medicine, Presently workingat Moswar, IVRI)Scientist-1 (Relieved to join RemountVety. Corp.)2DIVISION OF VETY. PUBLIC HEALTHShri N. P. Bhalla, B.V. Sc., M. V. Sc.Dr. G.P. Sen, B. Sc., B. V. Sc., M.V Sc., Ph.D." S.B. Kulshrestha, B. Sc., B.V. Sc., M.V. Sc., Ph.D.Shri H.N. Misra, B. Sc., B.V. Sc, M.V. Sc." V.K. Yadav, B.V. Sc., M.V. Se." T.P. Joshi. B.V. Se., Assoc. IVRI" P.K. Garg, B.V. Sc" M.V. Sc.Dr. P.K. Gangopadhyay, B.V. Sc., M.V. Sc .• Ph. D." K.D. Pandey, B.V. Sc .• M.V. Sc., Ph. D.Pathologist (Biomedicine)Bacteriologist (Zoonosis)Bacteriologist (Meat & Sea Food Hygiene)Jr. Bacteriologist (Milk and Milk Prod.)Jr. Bacteriologist (Food Hygiene)Asstt. BacteriologistJr. Parasitologist (Sea Food Hygiene)Jr. Bacteriologist (Zoonosis)Jr. Scientist (V.P.H.)DIVISION OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTSDr. K.C. Sinha, G.B.V.C., Assoc. IVRI" Gajindra Singh, M.V. Sc., Ph. D.Shri P.C. GanguJee, G.V. SC. t B. Sc. (Zoology)" Roshan Lal, M. V. Sc." Y. P. Nanda, M.V. Sc.Dr. (Mrs.) Rawat, M. Sc., Ph. D.Shri P.M. Madhsudan, B.V. Sc., Assoc. IVRI.. S. Chandra, M.V. Sc." M. L. Ahooja, M.V. Se... A.D. Narain, M.V.Sc., M. Sc. (Edin.)" 5.5. Jawa, L.V.P.IfGopal Narain, M.V. Se." R.P. Misra, M.V. Sc., Ph. D.Head of DivisionBacteriologist (CBD)SerologistBacteriologistVirologist (TC)Animal Breeder (LAH)Virologist (R)Jr. Virologist (R)Jr. Research Officer (LAH)Jr. Research Officer (LAH)Asstt. Serologist" Virologist" Virologist

95Shri M.C. Santoshi. M.V. Sc." K.D. Bhaya, G. V. Sc." G. Majumdar G.v. Sc." H.S. Mehta, G.V. Sc." I.H. Siddiqui, M.V. Sc." T. Parai, M. V. Sc." V.S. Vihan, M. V. Sc." M.S. Yadav, M.V. Sc... K. Pratap, M.V. Sc." D.P. Gupta, M.V. Sc... Y.N. Siddiqui, M.V. Sc.2Asstt. Virologist" Helminthologist" BiochemistSr. Research Asstt." Research Asstt." Research Asstt. (Till Oct. 1976)" Research Asstt. (Till 19.3.76)" Research Asstt." Research Asstt. (Till 18.9.76)" Research Asstt. (Till 18.9.76)" Research Asstt.DIVISION OF STANDARDIZATIONDr. B.K. Gupta, M.V. Sc., Ph. D." K.R. Mittal, M.V. Sc., M. Sc., Ph. D." (Mrs.) Sakhubai P. Ramachandran, M. Sc. (Vet.), Ph. D.Shri T.N. Jaiswal, M.V. Sc." V.P. Singh, M.V. Sc." S.G. Mullick, M. Sc. (Vet.)" D.C. Maurya, M.V.Sc." A.M. Jana, M.V. Sc." S.C. Misra, M.V. Sc.Head of DivisionBacteriologistVirologist (on long leave since 5.9.75)Asstt. Bact. (T.C.)Asstt. VirologistAsstt. Immunologist (left on 10.3.76)Sr. Research Asstt.Sr. Research Asstt. (joined on 9.3.76)Sr. Research Asstt. (Joined on 13.4.76)DIVISION 01= ANIMAL NUTRITIONDr. S.K. Ranjhan, M.V. Sc., M.S., Ph. D." V.N. Murty, M. Sc., Ph. D." P.C. Sawhney, M. Sc., Ph. D." U.B. Singh, M.V. Sc., Ph. D." Kedar Nath, M.V. Sc., Ph. D." YR. Saxena, M. Sc .. Ph. D." P. Kumar, M.V. Sc., Ph. D." R.V.N. Srivastava, M.V. Sc., Ph. D.Shri S.K. Sharma" M.M. Jayal, B. Sc. (Ag ), Assoc. IVRIDr. (Mrs.) U.R. Kapoor, M. Sc., Ph. D.Shri B.C. Joshi, M. Sc.Dr. C.K. Waha M. Sc. (Ag.), Ph. D.Head of DivisionAnimal NutritionistBiochemistSr. SCientific OfficerBiochemist (Or. Chern.)Biochemist (A.C.)Asstt. Sci. OfficerJr. MicrobiologistHealth PhysicistJr. Scientist (Feeds)Jr. Nutritional (Path.)Asstt. Ani. NutritionistAsstt. Biochemist

9612Shri S.P. Bedi, M. Sc." M.Y. Khan, B. Sc., M.V. Sc." V.P. Shukla, B. Sc. (Ag.), Assoc. IVRI" Arun Verma, M.V. Sc." S.L. Daniel, B. Sc., Assoc. IVRIDr. Gopal Krishan, M.V. Sc., Ph. D." N.N. Pathak, M.V. Sc., Ph. D.Shri K.K. Saxena, M. Sc., Ph. D." SA Khan, M. Sc .• Dip. St." Q.Z. Hassan, M. Sc." V.K. Jain, M. Sc.Dr. V.K. Vajjan, M. Sc., Ph. D.Shri S. K. Srivastava, M. V. Sc." D.V.G. Krishnamohan, M.V. Sc." D.N. Verma, M.V. Sc.Dr. (Miss) Urmila Chetal, M. Sc., Ph. D.Jr. BiochemistAsstt. ProfessorAsstt. Feed Tech.Jr. ScientistAsstt. Anim. NutritionistPool OfficerPool OfficerSr. Research Asstt.-do--do--do--do--do--do-DIVISION OF POULTRY RESEARCHDr. B. PandaDr. S. C. MohapatraShri G. V. RaoDr. V. R. Sadagopan" T. D. Mahadevan" H. B. JoshiShri S. S. VermaDr. D. K. Chaturvedi" D. P. GulatiShri K. K. Pal" A. P. PandaIIA. Veerbhadrudu" S. V. S. VermaIIK. Mohan" P. N. Sharma" S. P. Khara" Satya Pal" 'f. S. Johri" S. D. AhujaHead of DivisionProject Coordinator (PB)Scientist-2Scientist-2Scientist-2Scientist-2Scientist-2Scientist-2Scientist-2Scientist-1Scientist-1Scientist-1Scientist-1 (on study leave)Scientist-1 (on study leave)Scientist-1Scientist-1Scientist-lScientist-1Scientist-1

9712Dr. V. R. ReddyShri A. K. Dev Roy" D. Chaudhary" M. Prakash Babu" B. P. Singh" Thiyagasundaram" H. P. Srivastava" A. K. Shrivastava" R. P. Singh" R. C. Kesari" R. P. Sharma" S. C. Saxena" S. K. Agarwal" R. S. lachiramaniScientist-1Scientist-1Scientist-1Scientist-1Scientist-1Scientist-1Scientist-lScientist-1Scientist-1Scientist-1Scientist-SScientist-SScientist-SScientist-SDIVISION OF PHYSIOLOGY & CLIMATOLOGYDr. N. K. Bhattacharyya, Ph. D., D. Phil. (Oxon.)VacantDr. B. B. Mahapatro, M. S., Ph. D. (Mary)B. C. Joshi. M. V. Sc., Ph. D." J. K. Pande, M. V. Sc., Ph. D." P. C. Sanwal, M. V. Sc., Ph. D., M. R. C. V. S. (Sweden)VacantShri Khub Singh, M. V. Sc." D. C. Shukla, M. V. Sc.Dr. M. M. Raza Nasir, M. Sc .• Ph. D." V. K. Goel, M. V. Sc., Ph. D.Shri V. P. Varshney, M. V. Sc." K. P. Agrawal, M. V. Sc.Dr. S. K. Saxena, M. V. Sc.Head of DivisionProf. of PhysiologistAnimal PhysiologistAnimal ClimatologistSr. Scientific OfficerAsstt. Scientific OfficerAsstt. Prof. PhysiologyAsstt. Anim. ClimatologistAsstt. Anim. PhysiologistScientific Officer-IIScientific Officer-IISr. Research AssistantSr. Research AssistantSc ientist·1DIVISION OF PHARM. & TOXICOLOGYDr. M. S. Sastry. M. Sc., Ph. D." M. Sabir, M. Sc., Ph. D." Jawahar Lal, M. Sc., D. Phil." Narinder Singh, M. V. Sc., Ph. D.Shri Y. P. Singh. M. V. Sc.Toxicologist (lic Head)PharmacologistAsstt. Plant ChemistAsstt. Prof. PharmacologyAsstt. Toxicologist

9812Shri Suresh Chandra, M. V. Sc.I'otV. Raviprakash, B. V. Sc., M. Sc.K. S. Rao, B. V. Sc., M. Sc.Sr. Research Asstt.Sr. Research Asstt.Sr. Research Asstt.DIVISION OF ANIMAL GENETICSDr. P. N. Bhat, M. V. Sc., Ph. D. (Purdue) ," D, P. Mukherjee, M. Sc. (Cal.), Ph. D. (Agra)" K. J. Eapen, M. S. (Miss), Ph. D. (Miss)" N. D. Khanna. B. V. Sc., Assoc. IVRI, Doc. Med. Vet." N. S. Sidhu, M. S. (Raj.), Dip. An. Gen., Ph. D. (Edin)" B. R. Banjamin, M. Sc. (Man.), Ph. S. (Sask.)" Sahai, M. Sc., Ph. D." Mrs. P. P. Bhat, M. S. (J & K), Ph. D. (PAU)Shri Harpreet Singh, M, V. Sc. (Agra)Dr. Satish Kumar, M. V. Sc., Ph. D. (Agra)Shri O. B. Goswami, M. Sc. (Agra)" H. K. Bhagi, M. V. Sc. (Agra)Dr. Rajendra Kumar, M. V. Sc .• Ph. D. (Agra)Shri S. N. Tandon, B. V. Sc. & A. H .• M. V, Sc. (UdaL)Head of DivisionSperm MorphologistAnimal GeneticistImmunogeneticistProf. of Animal GeneticsRadiation GeneticistCytologistAsstt. Prof. Animal GeneticistAsstt. ImmunogeneticistA. A. G. (Biometry)Sr. Research Asstt.Sr. Research Asstt.Sr. Research Asstt.Sr. Research Asstt.DIVISION OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTIONShri S. N. Luktuke, GBVe (Bombay). Assoc. IVRI, FRCVS(Sweden)Dr. Gajjan Singh. GNVC. B. V. Sc .• M. Sc .• Ph. D.Shri L. N. Purbey, M. V. Sc... S. K. Singh, B. V. Sc. & A. H., M. Sc." M. R. Ansari, M. V. Sc.Animal GynaecologistArtificial Insemination OfficerAsstt. Prof. of GynaecologyAsstt. Animal GynaecologistSr. Research AssistantDIVISION OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS TECHNOLOGYDr. K. C. Sinha, G. B. V. C., Assoc. IVRIShri N. Sharma, M. V. Sc." T. R. Murthy, M. V. Sc... V. N. Bachhil, M. V. Sc.Dr. B. N. Kowale, M. Sc., Ph. D.Shri G. S. Bisht, M. Sc. (Math. & Stat.)" V. Lakshmanan. M. V. Sc." G. S. Padda. M. Sc. (Food Tech.)Head of DivisionScientist-2 (M. T.) (From 9.7.76)Scientist-2 (Food Micro) (From 7.9.76)Scientist-1 (M. I.)Scientist·' (Glandular ~y Prod.)Scientist-1 (I. F. M.)Scientist-1Scientist-1

991Shri N. Kondaiah, M. V. Sc.Dr. P. L. Yadav, M. V. Sc. (Agri. & A. H.)Shri S. S. Verma, M. V. Sc. (Poultry Tech.)2Scientist-1Scientist-2 (Dairy Tech.)Scientist-2 (Poultry Tech.)DIVISION OF BIOCHEMISTRY & FOOD SCIENCEVacantVacant.VacantDr. L. N. Singh" Ashok KumarVacant (Four Posts)Head of DivisionProf. of BiochemistryAssoc. Prof. of Food Sci.enceAsstt. Prof. of BiochemistryScientist-lScientist-1DIVISION OF EXTENSIONDr. O. N. Kunzru, B. Sc., B. V. Sc. and A. H., M. S. (Mich.),Ph. D. (Ohio)Shri S. B. Lal, B. V. Sc., M. R. C. B S.Dr. P. N. Kaul, B. Sc., B. V. Sc., M. Sc. (V. M. & A. H.), Ph. D.Shri S. C. Sharma, B. Sc" B V. Sc. & A. H., M. Sc.(Agri. Extension)" B. D. Gupta, B. V. Sc. & A. H" M. V. Sc.•. K P. Mallick. B. V. Sc .• M. V. Sc.Dr. A. K. Mishra. B. S,c .• B. V. Sc .• M. V. Sc .• Ph. D.Head of DivisionScientist (Extension)Scientist (Extension)Jr. Scientist (Extension)Jr. Scientist (Extension)Jr. Scientist (Extension)Asstt. Scientist (Extension)DIVISION OF 'L1VESTOCK PRODUCTION RESEARCH (POULTRY)Dr. S. C. MohapalraShri V. B. Ayyagari" P. N. Sharma,I K. MohanDr. D. K. ChaturvediShri Satya Pal" D. Chaudhuri" M. Prakash Babu" T. S. Thiyaga SundaramProject Coordinator (PB)Jr. Poultry GeneticistFarm ManagerJr. P. PathologistJr. P. NutritionistJr. StatisticianScientist-l (Since 15.10.77)Scientist-1Scientist-' (Since 11.12.76)(In collaboration with staff of P. R. Division)DIVISION OF LIVESTOCK PROD-U,CTJON RESEARCH (PIGS)Dr. B. L. RainaVacantProject e.oordinator (Pigs)Animal Geneticist

10012Dr. D. K. Agarwal.. N. N. PathakVacantVacantVacantVacantShri Sukh Deo" A. K. ChhabraScientist-1 (Jr. Pork Technologist)Scientist-'Veterinary OfficerJr. Animal NutritionistJr. ProgrammerJr. StatisticianScientist-SScientist-S" Dinesh KumaI' Scientist-S (Statistical Invest.)Dr. B. G. Katpatal, M. S., Ph. D. (Illinois)" S. N. Kaushik, M. V. Sc., Ph. D." R. C. Katiyar, M. V. Sc., Ph. D.Shri S. K. Chattopadhya, M. V. Sc.VacantDr. G. L. Koul, M. V. Sc., Ph. D... N. C. Sharma, M. V. Sc.VacantShri B. B. Srivastava" M. C. Saxena, M. V. Sc.(In Collaborators from other Divisions)DIVISION OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION RESEARCH (CATTLE)H. K. Sharma. M. Sc., Dip. Agri. & A. H." H. N. Pandey, M. Sc. (Ag.)" P. C. Dubey, M. Sc. (Ag.)" H. S. Pandey, M. V. Sc., Dip. S & W Teen." M. M. Saxena, M. V. Sc." R. P. Verma. M. V. Sc." K. O. Alexander, I. D. D.Dr. K. P. Singh" M. P. BansatDr. D. N. Ohar, B. Sc., M. V. Sc., Ph. O.ShrL R. l. Sharma, M. V. Sc.Project Coordinator (AB)Animal GeneticistJr. NutritionistJr. PathologistJr. Reproductive PhysiopathologistAsstt. Animal BreederVeterinary Officer-Cum-Asstt.Animal GynaecologistAsstt. StatisticianSr. Research AssistantSr. Research AssistantStatistics Statistical InvestigatorDairy Farm SuperintendentJr. Dairy TechnologistAsstt. Animal GeneticistJr. ScientistSr. Research AssistantFarm Superintendent BreedingRESEARCH PROJECT ON BOVINE L YMPHOSARCOMA/LEUKOMIAPARTICULARLY IN INDIAN BUFFALOESPathologistVirologistREGIONAL STATION FMD RESEARCH LABORATORY, BANGALORESr. Scientist & Incharge• Jr. Scientist (Parasitology) Scientist-1

10112VacantVacantScientist-1Scientist-1REGIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE, PORT BLAIR (ANDAMANS)Or. V. P. Sharma OeoraniHelminthologistDr. M. H. KhanJr Entomologist. Scientist-2Shri J. R. RaoSr. Research AssistantREGIONAL ANIMAL NUTRITION RESEARCH CENTRE, PALAMPURDr. S. S. Negi, M. Sc., Ph. D.Dr. R. N. Pal, B. Sc., M. V. Sc., Ph. D., Assoc. IVRIAnimal Nutritionist, Scientist-2Jr. Animal Nutritionist, Scientist-1REGIONAL CENTRE OF IVRI CALCUTTADr. P. N. Khanna, B. V. Sc., D. V. M., C. Sc.(Hung.), M. I. P. H. A. Prof. of Vety. Public Health S-3Dr. G. P. Sen, B. Sc., M. V. Sc., Ph. D. Bacteriologist (Zoonosis) upto 31.7.76Scientist-2Dr. (Mrs.) G. Biswas, B. Sc., M. V. Sc., Ph. D.Asstt. Prof. of Vety. Public Healthfrom 1. 3.76Dr. D. N. Dhar, B. Sc., M. V. Sc .• Ph. D.Shri R. L. Sharma, M. V. Sc.VacantVacantVacantREGIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE, SRINAGARSenior Scientist & InchargeJunior Scientist (Parasitology)Junior Scientist \ Para.)Junior Scientist (Path.)Junior Scientist (Bact.)PROMOTIONS & APPOINTMENTS DURING 1976CLASS IName W. E. F DeSignation1. Dr. B. K. Gupta 9. 1.76 Head, Division of Standardisation2. Shri G. C. Joshi 16. 4. 76 Regrigeration Engineer3. Dr. Rejendra Singh 18. 5. 76 Cytologist4. Shri M. N. Malhotra 28. 5. 76 Protologist5. Dr. H. B. Joshi 31. 5. 76 Assoc. Prof. of Poultry Physiology6. Dr. R. N. Sharma 31. 5. 76 Pathologist (Poultry Pathology)7. Shri V. K. Yadav 4.6.76 Bacteriologist8. Dr. S. K. Dwivedi 5. 7. 76 Scientist (Clinical)9. Shri Satish Kumar 30. 6. 76 Animal Breeder

102Name10. Shri Nagendra Sharma11. Shrj S. S. Verma12. Shri H. K. L. Tandon13. Dr. P. L. Yadav14. Shri R. C. Naithani15. Dr. G. S. Miranpuri16. Shri S. C. Sharma17. Shri G. Subramanian~8. Shri S. B. Kulshrestha19. Dr. T. R. K. Murty20. Shri B. R. Gupta21. Shri M. M. Jayal22. Dr. H. V. S. Chauhan23. Dr. Shruti DharW.E.F.9.7.769.7.761. 6. 7623. 7. 7619. 8. 762.9.7627. 8. 7624.9. 7628. 9. 767.9.765.10. 763.9.7615.10. 7626.10. 76DesignationMeat TechnologistPoultry TechnologistBiochemist (Bact. & Chemistry)Dairy TechnologistEntomologistEntomologistBiophysicistProtozoologistBacteriologist (Meat & Sea Food Hygiene)Microbiologist_ Bacteriologist (Food Hygiene)Feed TechnologistPathologis,tScientist (Vety. Med.)ON PROMOTION FROM OTHER ICAR INSTITUTES1. Shri D. R. Datta2. Shri K. Damodaran8.12. 768.11.76Sr. Administrative OfficerSr. Administrative Officer (BangaloTe)SCIENTIST GRADE 5-11. Dr. M.S. Oberai2. Shri K.S. Prabhudas3. D.V. Bai"4. Lakshmi Bhatnagar"5. M. Subha Rao"6. S. S. Krishna"7. A. K. Srivastava"B. u AK. Dev Rai9."T.S. Thiyagasundarilm10. or D. Chaudhari11."M. Prakash Babu12. B.P. Singh13."H.P. Srivastava14. S. Rajgopal",15. K. L Rajeja"16. lO J.C. Biswasn. Balwinder Kumar"30.8.76 Scientist-116.9.76 (AN) -do-16.9.76 (AN) -do- (Mukteswar)7.9.76 -do-16.9.76 (AN) -do-15.9.76 (AN) -do-28.8.76 -da-21.9.76 -do-15.11.76 -do-16.9.76 (AN) -do-16.9.76 (AN) -do-16.9.76 (AN) -do-16.9.76 (AN). -do-22.11.76 ·-do-21.9.76 -do- (Banga/ore)17.9.76 -do-16.9.76 (AN) -do- (Mukteswar)

103Name W.E.F. DesignatiDn18. Shri V. Lakashmanan 28.9.76 Scientist-l19. G.S. Padha 16.9.76 -do-"20. D. Noble 27.9.76 -do-"21. D.N. Jana 17.9.76 -do-"22. M.M. Harsh 27.976 (AN) -don23. Gulam Mohyuddin Wani 29.9.76 -do- (Makhdoom)"24. Prakash Khandekar 1.11.76 -do-"25. M.K. Khan~ape 21.10.76 -do-"26. N. Kondaiah .27.11.76-do-27. Sudhir Kumar Saxena 1.9.76 -do-28. R.C. Keshari 1.9.76 -do-"29. Ramji Prasad Singh 1.9.76 -do-"30. Kusmakar Sharma 1.9.76 -do-,31. D.N. Verma1.9.76 -do-"32. N.V. Kumar 1.9.76 -do-33."Deepa!< Chaudha.ri 23.11.76 -do-1. Shri B. S. Asgola2. G. R. Kataria"3. Chiranji Lal"4. D .. C. Shukla"5. A. K. Misra6. Dr. Nem Singh7. A. K. Saxena"a. Shri. K. C. Tripathi9. G. ShanmukhaPROMCTIONS AND APPOINTMENTS DURING 19761.7.7.616.11.761.9.11.7619.3.7624.3.7631.3.76147.767.9.76CLASS II26.4.76 (AN)OFFICERS RELIEVED DURING 1976Assn. Adm. OfficerAsstt Adm. OfficerAsstt. Adm. Officer (Mukt.)Asstt. Virologist (Mukt.)Asstt. Scientist (Extension)Asstt. Pathologist (General)Pathologist-cullJ-G. D. Ti.1. 0.Asstt. Scie.ntist (Extension)Accounts Officer (Bangalore)1. Dr. Prabhala Kumar, Asstt. Scientific Officer (Animal Nutrition& Metabolism)2. Dr. K. L. Ghosh, Pathologist-cum-G. D. M. O.3 Dr. Iqbaluddin, Asstt. Poultry Breeder (Egg Production)Relieved of his duties w. e. f. the afternoonof 7.5.76 to join his new assignment ihI. G. F R.I., J/lansi.Relieved w. e. f. the afternoon of 13. 7. 76to join his new assignment in the C.G.H.S~,New Celhi.Relieved w. e. f the afternoon of 22. 4. 76to join as Asstt. Commissioner (Poultry) itthe Ministry of Agriculture.

1044. Shri S. Krishna Murthy, Accounts Officer Repatriated to his parent Dept w. e.26.4. 76 (AN).OFFICERS RESIGNED DURING 19761. Dr. R. R. Shukla, Asstt. Bacteriologist (TB & J D) Resigned from service w. e. f. 28.12.76(AN)OFFICERS RETIRED DURING 1976,. Shri H. R. Dilawari, Asstt. Engineer (Electrical)2. " H. C. Joshi, Asstt. Adm. Officer (Mukteswar)3. " L. R. Sah, Estate Manager (M.ukteswar)Retired w. e. f. 7.9. 76 (AN)Retired w. e. f. 7.9. 76 (AN)Retired w. e. f. 1. 5. 76DEPUTATIONS ABROAD1.2.3.4.5.Dr. G. L Sharma, Principal-cum-Joint DirectorDr. Kr. Suresh Singh, Head of Division of ParasitologyDr. G. C. Mohanty, Prof. of Poultry PathologyDr~ S~. K. Ranjhan, Head, Division of Animal NutritionDr. 'R ... N; Sharma, Pathologist (Poultry Pathology)} Remained on deputation to GOyt. of Iraq.Proceeded on 2 months' leave as consultantto the Govt. of Bulgaria w. e. f. 27.11.76.Proceeded on deputation, on foreignassignment, to Zambia as Expert (PoultryPathologist) for two years w. e. f. the afternoon of 4. 10. 76.6. Sri R. P. Sharma, S. R. A. was deputed to Italy for Audio Visual Aid Technology Course under UNOPFellowship programme for three months w. e. f. 19.1.76.7. Sri K. C. Tripathi, S. R. A. proceeded to U. S. A. for advanced training in Avian Reproductive Physiologyand Artificial Insemination in Chicken under UNDP Fellowship programme for six months w. e. f. 1. 3. 76.8. Sri T. S. Johri, Asstt. Poultry Nutritionist was deputed to U. S. A. (U. K.) for advanced training in PoultryProduction (Quail Nutrition and Poultry Nutrition) under UNOP Fellowship Programme for six monthsw. e. f. 1. 3. 76.9. Dr. S. K. Ranjhan, Head, Division of Animal Nutrition was deputed to Alexandria (Egypt) for participationin the Joint FAOjAEA meeting of the experts on the Project entitled Response of urea-molasses diet'as a main source of Nitrogen and energy for growing cross bred calves & buffaloes under UNDPjAEA,for 4 days w. e. f. 15. 3, 76.10. Dr B. G. KatpataJ, Project Coordinator (AB) was deputed to the MEXICO for participation in First WorldCongress of Zebu Breeds under UNDP/AEA, for four day w. e. f. 28. 4. 76 to 1. 5. 76.11. Dr. S. Kumar, Joint Director, Bangalore proceeded to Denmark & other European Countries for study tourunder Indo-Danish Agreement on the establishment of a centre for FM D vaccine production at Bangalorefor six weeks w. e. f. 20. B. 76.12. Sri R. C. Naithani, Asstt. Entomologist, Parasitology Division, proceeded to Czechoslovakia for study andlecture tour in the field of Entomology under Indo-Czechoslovakian Cultural Exchange Programme forone rh"onth from 16. 7. 76 to 15. 8. 76. .13. Sri K. Mohan, Jr. Poultry Pathologist, Poultry Research Division proceeded to Canada for Ph. O. inParasitology, under Gomman wealth scholarship for two years w. e. f. 1976.