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36 INTRODUCTIONand use of these points. Some pronounce them mere arrowheads. 1Against this view leans the fact that, while they have beenrecovered mainly from the French caves, no real proof as yetexists of Palaeolithic Man north of the Pyrenees being acquaintedwith the bow. Paintings discovered in 1910 at Alpera in thesouth-east of Spain show, however, men carrying and drawingbows, and arrows with barbed points and feathered shafts, butno quivers. Northern Man, if he did not paint, may well haveemployed, arrows, for hunting scenes, in which they shouldfigure, as at Minatada and Alpera, are wanting in France.Other writers maintain that these points were the armaturesof hunting spears, others, arguing from their easy detachment,that they were the heads of fish-spears or harpoons.But this contrivance seems far too compHcated for our primitivepiscator. No writer proves conclusively what was theexact purpose of these points, or whether, in fact, the fishspearsor harpoons had detachable heads.E. Krause suggeststhat as the earliest fish-spears were of wood, they readily lostor broke their points when striking rocks, etc. ; hence camebone and then flint points. 2The Spear-Harpoon stands out as the one fishing weaponwhose existence is undeniable, whose employment is predominant.It is too world-wide and too well-known to needlengthy description.Reindeer-horn supplied in general the material of theearlier heads, stag-horn of the later. ^ The heads tapered(like Eskimo and other harpoon heads) to a point and werebarbed (as the two accompanying illustrations indicate) onboth sides. They have sometimes toward the lower end littleeminences or knobs, and sometimes barbs provided withincisions or grooves, which some surmise held poison,^ Many of the Solutrean tanged blades and pointes ^ cran are small enoughto suggest their use as arrow-heads, and Rutot has described tanged andbarbed " arrowheads " from Palaeolithic deposits in Belgium.2 Op. cit., p. 160. But why ? FHnt points break quicker than wood.^ See Julie Schlemm, Worterbuch zur Vorgeschichte (Berlin, 1908), pp. 555-7.The immediate successors of the single spear were probably the bident andtrident. Owing to the refraction of light and other reasons a spear is difficultof accurate direction, but the broader surface of the trident helps to lessenthe factor of error.
SPEARS, HARPOONS 37The Harpoon makes its appearance in the middle or (accordingto Osborne) early Magdalenian deposits. Its crudest formshows a short, straight piece of bone, deeply grooved on one face,n.yi-rL7BROKEN HARPOON.From Kent's Cave.i:\^SINGLE BARBEDHARPOON(Bruniquel),DOUBLE BARBED REIN-DEER HARPOON (LaMadelaine).DOUBLE BARBED HARPOON.Neolithic.From Sutz, Switzerland.Observe the hole for attachingthe line.the ridges and notches along one edge being the only indicationsof what later developed into the recurved barbed points of thetypical Harpoon. These barbs or points, retroverted in sucha manner as to hold their place in the flesh of the fish, do not
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FISHING FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES
Page 11 and 12:
U. S. National MuseumWishing from t
Page 13: TOMY FISHING HOSTS AND FISHING FRIE
Page 16 and 17: viiiPREFACE(5) The conclusion that
Page 19 and 20: CONTENTSPAGRPreface^^*Introduction
Page 21: CONTENTSxiiiJEWISH FISHINGCHAPTERXX
Page 24 and 25: xvi LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONSCutting up
Page 27: INTRODUCTION
Page 30 and 31: 4 INTRODUCTIONit is but seemly, it
Page 32 and 33: 6 INTRODUCTIONfor their lines, a pi
Page 34 and 35: 8 INTRODUCTIONProgress from the Egy
Page 36: 10 INTRODUCTIONdate (1660) dealing
Page 39 and 40: —TIGHT-LINE UNIVERSAL TILL 17TH C
Page 41 and 42: PALAEOLITHIC CAVES. ALTAMIRA 15Of s
Page 43 and 44: ART AND TACKLE, OLD STONE MEN 17dem
Page 45 and 46: ESKIMOS, TASMANIANS, BUSHMEN 19ston
Page 47 and 48: MEXICO 21To any claim for precedenc
Page 49 and 50: AZTEC AND PERUVIAN FISHING 23From t
Page 51 and 52: FISH Z)£-B7?/5—HUNTERS BEFORE FI
Page 53 and 54: "FISH ENGRAVINGS—MAGICAL CHARMS 2
Page 55 and 56: *THE BASIS OF MAGIC IN FISHING 29ou
Page 57 and 58: NO PALAEOLITHIC HOOK 31distinct fro
Page 59 and 60: GORGES VERSUS HOOKS 33time the hook
Page 61: HOOK READY MADE FROM THE SPUR OFEii
Page 66 and 67: 38 INTRODUCTIONsuddenly appear like
Page 68 and 69: 40 INTRODUCTIONhand fishing, and th
Page 70 and 71: 42 INTRODUCTIONEven this very up-to
Page 73 and 74: SPIDER FISH NET—OCTOPUS LANDS COA
Page 75 and 76: ANGLING DEFINED BY PLATOINTRODUCTIO
Page 77 and 78: BY DICTIONARIES, AND JUDGES 47laid
Page 79 and 80: :INDIAN FISHING 49ichthyic wisdom
Page 81 and 82: —PERSIAN FISHING 51grappling hook
Page 83 and 84: —GEOPONIKA 53to have been written
Page 85 and 86: —FIRST " ENGLISH TREATISE ON FISH
Page 87 and 88: THE BOKE OF ST. ALBANS—TUE CELTS
Page 89 and 90: —FISH AND ANTICHRIST—SUPERSTITI
Page 91: GREEK AND ROMAN FISHING" Noster in
Page 95 and 96: GREEK AND ROMAN FISHING/CHAPTER IHO
Page 97 and 98: —GREEK AND PHCENICTAN SAILORS 65"
Page 99 and 100: AND TRADERS 67The third reason was
Page 101 and 102: 2FISH EATEN ONLY BY THE POOR 69they
Page 103 and 104: 2—THE SHIELD OF ACHILLES 71no exa
Page 107 and 108: FISHING FOR POT, NOT SPORT 73ladies
Page 109 and 110: FISH AND FISHING SCENE 75shown in m
Page 111 and 112: THE ROD IN HOMER 77glittering hook
Page 113 and 114: -See S. Reinach, Cultes, Mythes, et
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THE OX-HORN—HOW USED?8iBut all th
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AS PRONG, HOOK, OR BAIT? 83gap, thu
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—SEALS, EELS, PROTEUS 85greater b
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—FISHING RIDDLE CAUSES HOMER'S DE
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ORACLES-HESIOD'S DEATH89Greeted fro
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— 2THE SHIELD OF HERACLES—DOUP}
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—THEIR TRADE-UNIONISM 93kill, but
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DOLPHIN AND SCHOOLBOY 95gleanings o
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—LAKE DWELLERS—ICHTHYOPHAGl 97s
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MAN'S DESCENT FROM FISH—THE TUNNY
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:There"THE MANNA OF THE MEDITERRANE
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NUMBERS—MIGRATIONS—.ESCHYLUS 10
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MATHEMATICIANS—SIZE 105devices me
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—PLATO—BYRON—ARISTOTLE 107Whe
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a rough self-made microscope of the
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HIS NATURAL 777SrOi?y—ALEXANDERii
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DO FISH HEAR ?—EXPERIMENTS T13whe
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HIS DISSECTION OF FISH 115heart bei
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SAPPHO—ALCÛS-FISHING COMEDIES 11
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;THEOCRITUS AND ENGLISH POETS 119th
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VIRGIL—ANTHOLOGIA PALATINA—VAVY
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FISHERS' HOSPITALITY, PIETY 123or s
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whose request forAND WIT—POSEIDON
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APHRODITE—ATARGATIS 127To her, se
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FISH, " SILVER-WHITE " AND PEACOCK
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FISHERMEN ALWAYS OLD AND POOR 131Wh
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CHAPTER VIITHEOCRITUS —THE GREEK
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"THE FISHERMAN'S DREAM" 135" So wit
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FISHING EPIGRAMS—LEONIDAS 137flin
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SALMO CYA^/CC/S—DAPHNIS AND CHLOE
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CHAPTER VIIITHE TWO PLINYS—MARTIA
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FISHING—LAKE COMO 143a fishing sy
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MARTIAL AND JUVENAL—OYSTERS 145Fo
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CRESCENS HARUNDO—WHAT ? 147piscat
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THE FOWLER'S ROD JOINTED 149of a tr
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WAS THE ANGLER'S ?—TIBULLUS 151To
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FLY, OR MOSS, AS LURE? 153literary
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^^RUMINATION OF THE SCARUS 155Koi (
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hnitanturFLY PROBABLY ARTIFICIAL—
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CHAPTER XTHE SCARUS—THE EARLIEST
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:—"FIRST ACCLIMATISATION OF FISHi
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2NONNIUS—GOURMETS—DOCTORS 163be
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!^FOOD, VOICE, SLEEP, LOYALTY OF SC
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FISH-PRESERVES—ROMAN NEWSPAPER 16
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—CHAPTER XIPLUTARCH : THE CHARGE
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PLUTARCH AN ANGLER—BURTON'S LIBEL
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:JOHNSON, GUILTLESS " WORM-FOOL " L
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— ^CLEOPATRA'S ANGLING—OPPIAN'S
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AND FlRDAUSrS—//.4L/£:t7r/C^ 177
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—OCTOPUS AND TOBACCO—LEISTERING
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CAMPANIAN FISH-PLATE WITH PATTERN O
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:i82PLUTARCH—CLEOPATRA—OPPIAN
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i84PLUTARCH—CLEOPATRA—OPPIAN—
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FIRST MENTION OF ARTIFICIAL FLY 187
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::AND MATERIALS FOR DRESSING IT 189
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BUT PROBABLY USED FAR EARLIER 191Fu
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GRAYLING—MOSQUITO FLY 193read, th
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smomus—AD mosellam 195rate, no op
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PIKE UNKNOWN TO GREEKS 197" Lucius
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OXYRHYNCUS—CARV—FAST DAYS 199Th
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3—CHAPTER XIVINFATUATION FOR FISH
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SEA-FISH PREFERRED—TURBOT—PRICE
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Ciy£"F5—JUVENAL—DIOGENES' POLY
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BANQUETS—VITELLIUS—VENUS—Sf/B
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C LEOPATRA—PTOLEMY—APICIUS 209t
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——ODES TO OYSTERS! 211Anaxandri
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FISH-SAUCES—MACKEREL'S BEARD 213T
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^———CHAPTER XVFISH IN SACRIFI
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FISH, VICE HUMAN SACRIFICES—VARRO
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—FISH—SACRED, DIVINATORY, SPICE
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FISH ON COINS—ARETHUSA 221reachin
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—Some2OYSTERS—CESAR'S ENGLISH P
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——VIVARIA ROMAN, SICILIAN—ARC
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HORTENSIUS—BEJEWELLED FISH 227Mac
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2:ANTONIA'S RECORD—FISH-BREEDING
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;CHAPTER XVILEGAL REGULATIONS OF RO
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PROPERTY IN FISH—CURIOUS LAWSUIT
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A GREEK ANGLER,From the Agathemeros
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:236 TACKLE—CURIOUS METHODS—S/L
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238 TACKLE—CURIOUS METHODS—S/Lf
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240 TACKLE-CURIOUS METHODS—S/Lf/i
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SARGUS FISHING IN SHE-GOAT'S SKIN 2
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;FISHING BY MUSIC—THOR'S OX-HEAD
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RECORD BASS AND TVÂ—SILURUS WHAT
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EEL FISHING WITH SHEEP-GUTS 247Flat
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EELS AS GODS, AND DAINTIES 249The p
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FALSE THEORIES OF EEL PROPAGATION 2
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TILL SCHMIDT'S IN 1904 253sexually
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E ~
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.256 THE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY PRIZ
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258 THE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY PRIZE
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——26oTHE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY
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——262 THE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY
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:264 THE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY PRIZ
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266 THE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY PRIZE
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—;268 THE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY P
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—,CHAPTER XIXFISH IN MYTHS, SYMBO
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272 FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS. DIET, M
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—3;274 FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS. DI
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2276 FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS, DIET,
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—2278 FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS, DIE
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^28o FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS, DIET,
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—:282 FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS, DIE
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284 FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS, DIET, M
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286 DIOCLETIAN'S EDICT—PRICES THE
Page 332 and 333:
288 DIOCLETIAN'S EDICT—PRICES THE
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290 ro:man and modern piscicultureT
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292 ROMAN AND MODERN PISCICULTUREmo
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—CHAPTER XXIITHE RING OF HELENIn
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EGYPTIAN FISHING
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:EGYPTIAN FISHING^CHAPTER XXIII"THE
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TOMB REPRESENTATIONS—ANGLERS' DEB
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STONE PALETTES—IMITATIVE MAGIC 30
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2CHAPTER XXIVTACKLE" / tell you tha
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AN EGYPTIAN REEL.From F. LI. Griffi
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310 TACKLE
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2^312 TACKLEappears to have found e
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^314 TACKLERoman times, are well de
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HAND-LINING—BAITS3i5province whic
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special interest.NETS—GENERAL MET
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CHAPTER XXVABSTENTION FROM FISHThe
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—BY KINGS AND PRIESTS—PIANKHI 3
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FISH HIEROGLYPHS SUPPRESSED IN TOMB
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FISH AND GODS—FISH MUMMIES 325Fig
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CHAPTER XXVISACREDFISHApart from th
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WHY SOME SACRED P—TOTEMISM 329But
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CROCODILE WORSHIP. AND CATCHING 331
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CHAPTER XXVIIFISHERIES—ATTEMPTED
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FISH AS QUEENS' PIN-MONEY, AND TAXE
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DEPRECIATION OF MONEY 337the big ma
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HERODOTUS, ARISTOTLE ON SPAWNING 33
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GROWTH OF HAIR—GUNNAR'S BOWSTRING
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POEM OF DESCENT TO HADES 343the mod
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RING SYMBOL OF UNION OF KING AND SE
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ASSYRIAN FISHING^CHAPTER XXXNO ROD,
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2SUMERIANS—BABYLONIANS—ASSYRIAN
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BABYLONIAN THE LINGUA FRANCA 353the
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CHAPTER XXXIFISHING METHODSThe rele
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SAME WORD EQUALS HOOK AND THORN 357
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âksM
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— ——CHAPTER XXXIITHE EARLIEST
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362 THE EARLIEST CONTRACT OF FISHIN
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—364 FISH-GODS—DAGONof the Baby
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3—366 FISH-GODS—DAGONor horse-g
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368 FISH-GODS—DAGONstream of wate
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370 LEGENDS OF ADAPA AND OF THE FLO
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^372 LEGENDS OF ADAPA AND OF THE FL
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374 FISH—VIVARIA—FIRST POACHING
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—376 FISH—VIVARIA—FIRST POACH
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2378 FISH—VIVARIA—FIRST POACHIN
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38oFISH- VIVARIA—FIRST POACHINGTh
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CHAPTER XXXVlFISH IN OFFERINGS, AUG
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384 FISH IN OFFERINGS, AUGURIES, ET
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32386 FISH IN OFFERINGS. AUGURIES,
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:388 FISH IN OFFERINGS, AUGURIES, E
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390 FISH IN OFFERINGS, AUGURIES, ET
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—•392 THE FIGHT BETWEEN MARDUK
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BEOWULF—MARDUK THE FIRST GASSER 3
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TOKiAs, IN Lit Aladoiiiia del I'csc
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398 ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSKing,
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400 ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSof Ho
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402 ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSTo ac
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2404 ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSchin
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:4o6ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSof, o
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4o8ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSTo mos
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410 ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSSea-f
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412 ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSeven
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—.:•CHAPTER XXXIXFISHWITH AND W
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4i6FORBIDDEN FISH—NETTING—F/Fî
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—4i8FORBIDDEN FISH—NETTING—F7
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420 FORBIDDEN FISH—NETTING—F/F^
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422 FORBIDDEN FISH—NETTING—F/F^
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2CHAPTER XLICHTHYOLATRY IMPROBABLE
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426 FISH NOT IN SACRIFICE OR AUGURY
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;428 FISH NOT IN SACRIFICE OR AUGUR
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430 FISH NOT IN SACRIFICE OR AUGURY
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432 THE FISH OF TOBIAS—DEMONIC PO
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434 THE FISH OF TOBIAS—DEMONIC PO
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;436 THE FISH OF TOBIAS—DEMONIC P
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CHAPTER XLIITHE FISH OF MOSES—JON
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!440 FISH OF MOSES—JONAH—SOLOMO
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;442 FISH OF MOSES—JONAH—SOLOMO
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:444 FISH OF MOSES—JONAH—SOLOMO
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CHINESE FISHING
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CHINESE FISHINGCHAPTER XLIII"PLUS U
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4DATES—EARLIEST USE OF GUT 451Pap
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BARBLESS HOOKS—CONFUCIUS 453time
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—NET BEFORE ROD—ANGLING 455to o
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A BAIT OF "FIFTY WHOLE OXEN!" 457co
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CHINESE NETTING.From Tii Shu Chi Ch
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46oCHINESE FISHINGpatiently for air
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462 CHINESE FISHINGas to shelter an
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464 CHINESE FISHING"the first pre-P
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466 CHINESE FISHINGThis time we hav
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468 CHINESE FISHINGglided down stre
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——INDEXAbbott, F. F., 285Abram,
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——472 INDEXColumella, 205, 212,
Page 538 and 539:
1474INDEXHearing of fish, Aristotle
Page 540 and 541:
—476 INDEXNarke fish, see Torpedo
Page 542:
478 INDEXSulpicius Severus, 199Sume
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