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^314 TACKLERoman times, are well designed, but their barbs are lessintelligently placed than are those of the Middle Kingdom. ^But even in Roman times several types of hook, fairlywell distributed in the Northern Mediterranean, seem unknownin Egypt ; for instance, double hooks, barbed or barbless,of the Bronze Age in Switzerland, hooks with a spUt eye oran eye made by twisting the end of the shank round itself (asfound in Crete) and many others are yet to seek. 2The cluster or gang hook early confronts us in the tomb ofGem-Ni-Kai.3 The fisherman here extends his index fingerto feel the faintest bite : below the water the Une ends in acluster of five hooks, one of which holds a large fish.The ancient monuments sometimes portray fishing from aboat with hand-lines. Those of the Old Kingdom as often asnot depict the fisher as an elderly peasant, presumably nolonger equal to the brisker business of hauling a heavy seine.Occasionally two lines are employed, as in the scene whichBlackman 4 describes: "A small reed skiff, containing twomen, one of whom, loUing at ease in the stern, has just secureda catch upon one of his lines, while his companion, standingupright in the bow, is pulhng his loaded net out of thewatef."Another instance of hand-lining comes from Beni Hasan.The same register contains a representation which is not onlythe earliest (c. 2000 B.C.) of fishing with a Rod known in thewhole world, but is also (with the exception of that from thetomb of Kenamun at Thebes 6) the only depictment, I believe,of the Rod till we reach Greece about the sixth century B.C.Unless the passion for sport pure and simple dominatedrich and poor alike, we can fairly surmise that Angling yieldedgood results. The man in the Beni Hasan illustration, whethera fishing ghillie, or a professional fisherman belonging to the^ Petrie, Kahun, Gurob, and Hawara, p. 34.* Bates, p. 249.^3 F. von Bissing, Die Mastaha des Gem-Ni-Kai (Berlin, 1905), vol. I., mPI. IV. ^fig. 2.* Op. cit.. vol. III., PI. VI* P. E.Newberry, Beni Hasan (London, 1893), Part i, PI. 29. Cf. Wilkinson,op cit., vol. I., PI. 371.* Ibid., PI. 370. This faces my introduction.
THE EARLIEST REPRESENTATION OF ANGLING, C. 2000 B.C.From p. E. Newberry, Beni Hasan, Pt. i, PI. 2Q.
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FISHING FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES
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U. S. National MuseumWishing from t
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TOMY FISHING HOSTS AND FISHING FRIE
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viiiPREFACE(5) The conclusion that
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CONTENTSPAGRPreface^^*Introduction
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CONTENTSxiiiJEWISH FISHINGCHAPTERXX
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xvi LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONSCutting up
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INTRODUCTION
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4 INTRODUCTIONit is but seemly, it
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6 INTRODUCTIONfor their lines, a pi
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8 INTRODUCTIONProgress from the Egy
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10 INTRODUCTIONdate (1660) dealing
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—TIGHT-LINE UNIVERSAL TILL 17TH C
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PALAEOLITHIC CAVES. ALTAMIRA 15Of s
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ART AND TACKLE, OLD STONE MEN 17dem
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ESKIMOS, TASMANIANS, BUSHMEN 19ston
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MEXICO 21To any claim for precedenc
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AZTEC AND PERUVIAN FISHING 23From t
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FISH Z)£-B7?/5—HUNTERS BEFORE FI
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"FISH ENGRAVINGS—MAGICAL CHARMS 2
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*THE BASIS OF MAGIC IN FISHING 29ou
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NO PALAEOLITHIC HOOK 31distinct fro
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GORGES VERSUS HOOKS 33time the hook
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HOOK READY MADE FROM THE SPUR OFEii
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36 INTRODUCTIONand use of these poi
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38 INTRODUCTIONsuddenly appear like
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40 INTRODUCTIONhand fishing, and th
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42 INTRODUCTIONEven this very up-to
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SPIDER FISH NET—OCTOPUS LANDS COA
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ANGLING DEFINED BY PLATOINTRODUCTIO
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BY DICTIONARIES, AND JUDGES 47laid
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:INDIAN FISHING 49ichthyic wisdom
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—PERSIAN FISHING 51grappling hook
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—GEOPONIKA 53to have been written
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—FIRST " ENGLISH TREATISE ON FISH
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THE BOKE OF ST. ALBANS—TUE CELTS
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—FISH AND ANTICHRIST—SUPERSTITI
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GREEK AND ROMAN FISHING" Noster in
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GREEK AND ROMAN FISHING/CHAPTER IHO
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—GREEK AND PHCENICTAN SAILORS 65"
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AND TRADERS 67The third reason was
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2FISH EATEN ONLY BY THE POOR 69they
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2—THE SHIELD OF ACHILLES 71no exa
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FISHING FOR POT, NOT SPORT 73ladies
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FISH AND FISHING SCENE 75shown in m
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THE ROD IN HOMER 77glittering hook
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-See S. Reinach, Cultes, Mythes, et
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THE OX-HORN—HOW USED?8iBut all th
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AS PRONG, HOOK, OR BAIT? 83gap, thu
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—SEALS, EELS, PROTEUS 85greater b
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—FISHING RIDDLE CAUSES HOMER'S DE
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ORACLES-HESIOD'S DEATH89Greeted fro
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— 2THE SHIELD OF HERACLES—DOUP}
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—THEIR TRADE-UNIONISM 93kill, but
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DOLPHIN AND SCHOOLBOY 95gleanings o
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—LAKE DWELLERS—ICHTHYOPHAGl 97s
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MAN'S DESCENT FROM FISH—THE TUNNY
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:There"THE MANNA OF THE MEDITERRANE
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NUMBERS—MIGRATIONS—.ESCHYLUS 10
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MATHEMATICIANS—SIZE 105devices me
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—PLATO—BYRON—ARISTOTLE 107Whe
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a rough self-made microscope of the
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HIS NATURAL 777SrOi?y—ALEXANDERii
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DO FISH HEAR ?—EXPERIMENTS T13whe
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HIS DISSECTION OF FISH 115heart bei
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SAPPHO—ALCÛS-FISHING COMEDIES 11
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;THEOCRITUS AND ENGLISH POETS 119th
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VIRGIL—ANTHOLOGIA PALATINA—VAVY
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FISHERS' HOSPITALITY, PIETY 123or s
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whose request forAND WIT—POSEIDON
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APHRODITE—ATARGATIS 127To her, se
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FISH, " SILVER-WHITE " AND PEACOCK
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FISHERMEN ALWAYS OLD AND POOR 131Wh
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CHAPTER VIITHEOCRITUS —THE GREEK
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"THE FISHERMAN'S DREAM" 135" So wit
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FISHING EPIGRAMS—LEONIDAS 137flin
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SALMO CYA^/CC/S—DAPHNIS AND CHLOE
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CHAPTER VIIITHE TWO PLINYS—MARTIA
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FISHING—LAKE COMO 143a fishing sy
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MARTIAL AND JUVENAL—OYSTERS 145Fo
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CRESCENS HARUNDO—WHAT ? 147piscat
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THE FOWLER'S ROD JOINTED 149of a tr
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WAS THE ANGLER'S ?—TIBULLUS 151To
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FLY, OR MOSS, AS LURE? 153literary
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^^RUMINATION OF THE SCARUS 155Koi (
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hnitanturFLY PROBABLY ARTIFICIAL—
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CHAPTER XTHE SCARUS—THE EARLIEST
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:—"FIRST ACCLIMATISATION OF FISHi
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2NONNIUS—GOURMETS—DOCTORS 163be
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!^FOOD, VOICE, SLEEP, LOYALTY OF SC
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FISH-PRESERVES—ROMAN NEWSPAPER 16
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—CHAPTER XIPLUTARCH : THE CHARGE
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PLUTARCH AN ANGLER—BURTON'S LIBEL
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:JOHNSON, GUILTLESS " WORM-FOOL " L
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— ^CLEOPATRA'S ANGLING—OPPIAN'S
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AND FlRDAUSrS—//.4L/£:t7r/C^ 177
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—OCTOPUS AND TOBACCO—LEISTERING
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CAMPANIAN FISH-PLATE WITH PATTERN O
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:i82PLUTARCH—CLEOPATRA—OPPIAN
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i84PLUTARCH—CLEOPATRA—OPPIAN—
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FIRST MENTION OF ARTIFICIAL FLY 187
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::AND MATERIALS FOR DRESSING IT 189
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BUT PROBABLY USED FAR EARLIER 191Fu
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GRAYLING—MOSQUITO FLY 193read, th
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smomus—AD mosellam 195rate, no op
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PIKE UNKNOWN TO GREEKS 197" Lucius
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OXYRHYNCUS—CARV—FAST DAYS 199Th
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3—CHAPTER XIVINFATUATION FOR FISH
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SEA-FISH PREFERRED—TURBOT—PRICE
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Ciy£"F5—JUVENAL—DIOGENES' POLY
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BANQUETS—VITELLIUS—VENUS—Sf/B
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C LEOPATRA—PTOLEMY—APICIUS 209t
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——ODES TO OYSTERS! 211Anaxandri
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FISH-SAUCES—MACKEREL'S BEARD 213T
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^———CHAPTER XVFISH IN SACRIFI
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FISH, VICE HUMAN SACRIFICES—VARRO
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—FISH—SACRED, DIVINATORY, SPICE
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FISH ON COINS—ARETHUSA 221reachin
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—Some2OYSTERS—CESAR'S ENGLISH P
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——VIVARIA ROMAN, SICILIAN—ARC
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HORTENSIUS—BEJEWELLED FISH 227Mac
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2:ANTONIA'S RECORD—FISH-BREEDING
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;CHAPTER XVILEGAL REGULATIONS OF RO
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PROPERTY IN FISH—CURIOUS LAWSUIT
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A GREEK ANGLER,From the Agathemeros
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:236 TACKLE—CURIOUS METHODS—S/L
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238 TACKLE—CURIOUS METHODS—S/Lf
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240 TACKLE-CURIOUS METHODS—S/Lf/i
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SARGUS FISHING IN SHE-GOAT'S SKIN 2
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;FISHING BY MUSIC—THOR'S OX-HEAD
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RECORD BASS AND TVÂ—SILURUS WHAT
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EEL FISHING WITH SHEEP-GUTS 247Flat
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EELS AS GODS, AND DAINTIES 249The p
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FALSE THEORIES OF EEL PROPAGATION 2
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TILL SCHMIDT'S IN 1904 253sexually
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E ~
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.256 THE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY PRIZ
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258 THE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY PRIZE
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——26oTHE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY
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——262 THE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY
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:264 THE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY PRIZ
Page 310 and 311: 266 THE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY PRIZE
Page 312 and 313: —;268 THE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY P
Page 314 and 315: —,CHAPTER XIXFISH IN MYTHS, SYMBO
Page 316 and 317: 272 FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS. DIET, M
Page 318 and 319: —3;274 FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS. DI
Page 320 and 321: 2276 FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS, DIET,
Page 322 and 323: —2278 FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS, DIE
Page 324 and 325: ^28o FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS, DIET,
Page 326 and 327: —:282 FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS, DIE
Page 328 and 329: 284 FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS, DIET, M
Page 330 and 331: 286 DIOCLETIAN'S EDICT—PRICES THE
Page 332 and 333: 288 DIOCLETIAN'S EDICT—PRICES THE
Page 334 and 335: 290 ro:man and modern piscicultureT
Page 336 and 337: 292 ROMAN AND MODERN PISCICULTUREmo
Page 339: —CHAPTER XXIITHE RING OF HELENIn
Page 343 and 344: EGYPTIAN FISHING
Page 345 and 346: :EGYPTIAN FISHING^CHAPTER XXIII"THE
Page 347 and 348: TOMB REPRESENTATIONS—ANGLERS' DEB
Page 349 and 350: STONE PALETTES—IMITATIVE MAGIC 30
Page 351 and 352: 2CHAPTER XXIVTACKLE" / tell you tha
Page 354 and 355: AN EGYPTIAN REEL.From F. LI. Griffi
Page 356 and 357: 310 TACKLE
Page 358 and 359: 2^312 TACKLEappears to have found e
Page 363 and 364: HAND-LINING—BAITS3i5province whic
Page 365 and 366: special interest.NETS—GENERAL MET
Page 369 and 370: CHAPTER XXVABSTENTION FROM FISHThe
Page 371 and 372: —BY KINGS AND PRIESTS—PIANKHI 3
Page 373 and 374: FISH HIEROGLYPHS SUPPRESSED IN TOMB
Page 375 and 376: FISH AND GODS—FISH MUMMIES 325Fig
Page 377 and 378: CHAPTER XXVISACREDFISHApart from th
Page 379 and 380: WHY SOME SACRED P—TOTEMISM 329But
Page 381 and 382: CROCODILE WORSHIP. AND CATCHING 331
Page 383 and 384: CHAPTER XXVIIFISHERIES—ATTEMPTED
Page 385 and 386: FISH AS QUEENS' PIN-MONEY, AND TAXE
Page 387 and 388: DEPRECIATION OF MONEY 337the big ma
Page 389 and 390: HERODOTUS, ARISTOTLE ON SPAWNING 33
Page 391 and 392: GROWTH OF HAIR—GUNNAR'S BOWSTRING
Page 393 and 394: POEM OF DESCENT TO HADES 343the mod
Page 395: RING SYMBOL OF UNION OF KING AND SE
Page 401 and 402: ASSYRIAN FISHING^CHAPTER XXXNO ROD,
Page 403 and 404: 2SUMERIANS—BABYLONIANS—ASSYRIAN
Page 405 and 406: BABYLONIAN THE LINGUA FRANCA 353the
Page 409 and 410: CHAPTER XXXIFISHING METHODSThe rele
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SAME WORD EQUALS HOOK AND THORN 357
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âksM
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— ——CHAPTER XXXIITHE EARLIEST
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362 THE EARLIEST CONTRACT OF FISHIN
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—364 FISH-GODS—DAGONof the Baby
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3—366 FISH-GODS—DAGONor horse-g
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368 FISH-GODS—DAGONstream of wate
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370 LEGENDS OF ADAPA AND OF THE FLO
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^372 LEGENDS OF ADAPA AND OF THE FL
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374 FISH—VIVARIA—FIRST POACHING
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—376 FISH—VIVARIA—FIRST POACH
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2378 FISH—VIVARIA—FIRST POACHIN
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38oFISH- VIVARIA—FIRST POACHINGTh
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CHAPTER XXXVlFISH IN OFFERINGS, AUG
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384 FISH IN OFFERINGS, AUGURIES, ET
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32386 FISH IN OFFERINGS. AUGURIES,
Page 444 and 445:
:388 FISH IN OFFERINGS, AUGURIES, E
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390 FISH IN OFFERINGS, AUGURIES, ET
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—•392 THE FIGHT BETWEEN MARDUK
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BEOWULF—MARDUK THE FIRST GASSER 3
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TOKiAs, IN Lit Aladoiiiia del I'csc
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398 ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSKing,
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400 ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSof Ho
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402 ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSTo ac
Page 464 and 465:
2404 ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSchin
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:4o6ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSof, o
Page 468 and 469:
4o8ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSTo mos
Page 470 and 471:
410 ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSSea-f
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412 ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSeven
Page 474 and 475:
—.:•CHAPTER XXXIXFISHWITH AND W
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4i6FORBIDDEN FISH—NETTING—F/Fî
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—4i8FORBIDDEN FISH—NETTING—F7
Page 480 and 481:
420 FORBIDDEN FISH—NETTING—F/F^
Page 482 and 483:
422 FORBIDDEN FISH—NETTING—F/F^
Page 484 and 485:
2CHAPTER XLICHTHYOLATRY IMPROBABLE
Page 486 and 487:
426 FISH NOT IN SACRIFICE OR AUGURY
Page 488 and 489:
;428 FISH NOT IN SACRIFICE OR AUGUR
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430 FISH NOT IN SACRIFICE OR AUGURY
Page 492 and 493:
432 THE FISH OF TOBIAS—DEMONIC PO
Page 494 and 495:
434 THE FISH OF TOBIAS—DEMONIC PO
Page 496 and 497:
;436 THE FISH OF TOBIAS—DEMONIC P
Page 498 and 499:
CHAPTER XLIITHE FISH OF MOSES—JON
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!440 FISH OF MOSES—JONAH—SOLOMO
Page 502 and 503:
;442 FISH OF MOSES—JONAH—SOLOMO
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:444 FISH OF MOSES—JONAH—SOLOMO
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CHINESE FISHING
Page 511 and 512:
CHINESE FISHINGCHAPTER XLIII"PLUS U
Page 513 and 514:
4DATES—EARLIEST USE OF GUT 451Pap
Page 515 and 516:
BARBLESS HOOKS—CONFUCIUS 453time
Page 517 and 518:
—NET BEFORE ROD—ANGLING 455to o
Page 519 and 520:
A BAIT OF "FIFTY WHOLE OXEN!" 457co
Page 521:
CHINESE NETTING.From Tii Shu Chi Ch
Page 524 and 525:
46oCHINESE FISHINGpatiently for air
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462 CHINESE FISHINGas to shelter an
Page 528 and 529:
464 CHINESE FISHING"the first pre-P
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466 CHINESE FISHINGThis time we hav
Page 532 and 533:
468 CHINESE FISHINGglided down stre
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——INDEXAbbott, F. F., 285Abram,
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——472 INDEXColumella, 205, 212,
Page 538 and 539:
1474INDEXHearing of fish, Aristotle
Page 540 and 541:
—476 INDEXNarke fish, see Torpedo
Page 542:
478 INDEXSulpicius Severus, 199Sume
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