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140 THEOCRITUS—GREEK EPIGRAMMATISTSAgathias gives us one of the very few, perhaps the only,fisher epigram with a love motive. " A fisherman was employedin catching fish. Him did a damsel of property see,and was affected in her heart with desire, and made him thepartner of her bed. But he, after a life of poverty, took onhimself the swell of all kinds of high bearing, — and Fortune witha smile was standing by, and said to Venus, ' This is not yourcontest, but mine.' " ^Lastly it is of interest to note that one of the few Greekpoetesses concerned herself with a love-tale of the sea. Hedyle,who came of a poetic stock (for she was daughter of Moschinethe iambist and mother of Hedylus the epigrammatist) ,penneda poem on Glaucus' love for Scylla. In it she told how thelove-sick swain would repair to the cavern of his mistress" Bearing a gift of love, a mazy shell.Fresh from the Erythrean rock, and with it tooThe offspring, yet unfledged, of Alcyon,To win the obdurate maid. He gave in vain.Even the lone Siren on the neighbouring islePitied the lover's tears." 2^ Anth. Pal., IX. 442. Trs. from the Greek Anthology as selected forWestminster, Eton, etc.^ Athen., Vll.. 48.
CHAPTER VIIITHE TWO PLINYS—MARTIAL—WAS THE RODJOINTED ?After Theocritus we reach the period which chronologically^might perhaps be termed that of the Roman writers, althoughour two greatest authorities on Fish Lure and Lore wrote inGreek, some three to four centuries after Plautus (c. 254-184 B.C.) had produced his Rudens.This, the first Latin play, I believe, introducing fishermenon the stage, re-echoes the Greek note of poverty and misery.In Act II., Sc. 2, Trachalio asks, " Shellfish-gatherers, and hookfishers,hungry race of men, how fare ye ? " and receives theanswer, " Just as befits fishermen ; with hunger, thirst, andexpectation." The wretchedness of their calling is madefurther manifest in Act II., Sc. i.Descriptions of fishermen are found in Latin adaptationsof Greek plays. The Latin mimes, as did the Greek, oftendisplay fishermen as characters. The Latin references toactual fishing not only far outnumber the Greek, but also,unlike the Greek, which are almost solely concerned with seafishing, frequently treat of river and lake fishing. Plautus,Cicero, Horace, Ovid,i Juvenal, Tibullus, Pliny the Elder andthe Younger, Martial, and Ausonius, by no means conclude thelist of our Roman authors.It may be fairly asked, why Iomit any special notice of sovaluable and voluminous work as the Natural History ofPliny the Elder.^ Ovid has, I believe, more piscatory passages than any other poet,except professional writers, such as Oppian. His ten years* banishment toTomi at the mouth of the Danube and on the shores of the fishful Euxine nodoubt added to his love and his mention of Fishing.141
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FISHING FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES
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U. S. National MuseumWishing from t
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TOMY FISHING HOSTS AND FISHING FRIE
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viiiPREFACE(5) The conclusion that
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CONTENTSPAGRPreface^^*Introduction
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CONTENTSxiiiJEWISH FISHINGCHAPTERXX
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xvi LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONSCutting up
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INTRODUCTION
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4 INTRODUCTIONit is but seemly, it
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6 INTRODUCTIONfor their lines, a pi
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8 INTRODUCTIONProgress from the Egy
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10 INTRODUCTIONdate (1660) dealing
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—TIGHT-LINE UNIVERSAL TILL 17TH C
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PALAEOLITHIC CAVES. ALTAMIRA 15Of s
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ART AND TACKLE, OLD STONE MEN 17dem
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ESKIMOS, TASMANIANS, BUSHMEN 19ston
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MEXICO 21To any claim for precedenc
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AZTEC AND PERUVIAN FISHING 23From t
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FISH Z)£-B7?/5—HUNTERS BEFORE FI
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"FISH ENGRAVINGS—MAGICAL CHARMS 2
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*THE BASIS OF MAGIC IN FISHING 29ou
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NO PALAEOLITHIC HOOK 31distinct fro
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GORGES VERSUS HOOKS 33time the hook
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HOOK READY MADE FROM THE SPUR OFEii
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36 INTRODUCTIONand use of these poi
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38 INTRODUCTIONsuddenly appear like
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40 INTRODUCTIONhand fishing, and th
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42 INTRODUCTIONEven this very up-to
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SPIDER FISH NET—OCTOPUS LANDS COA
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ANGLING DEFINED BY PLATOINTRODUCTIO
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BY DICTIONARIES, AND JUDGES 47laid
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:INDIAN FISHING 49ichthyic wisdom
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—PERSIAN FISHING 51grappling hook
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—GEOPONIKA 53to have been written
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—FIRST " ENGLISH TREATISE ON FISH
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THE BOKE OF ST. ALBANS—TUE CELTS
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—FISH AND ANTICHRIST—SUPERSTITI
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GREEK AND ROMAN FISHING" Noster in
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GREEK AND ROMAN FISHING/CHAPTER IHO
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—GREEK AND PHCENICTAN SAILORS 65"
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AND TRADERS 67The third reason was
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2FISH EATEN ONLY BY THE POOR 69they
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2—THE SHIELD OF ACHILLES 71no exa
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FISHING FOR POT, NOT SPORT 73ladies
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FISH AND FISHING SCENE 75shown in m
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THE ROD IN HOMER 77glittering hook
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-See S. Reinach, Cultes, Mythes, et
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THE OX-HORN—HOW USED?8iBut all th
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AS PRONG, HOOK, OR BAIT? 83gap, thu
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—SEALS, EELS, PROTEUS 85greater b
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—FISHING RIDDLE CAUSES HOMER'S DE
Page 123 and 124: ORACLES-HESIOD'S DEATH89Greeted fro
Page 125 and 126: — 2THE SHIELD OF HERACLES—DOUP}
Page 127 and 128: —THEIR TRADE-UNIONISM 93kill, but
Page 129 and 130: DOLPHIN AND SCHOOLBOY 95gleanings o
Page 131 and 132: —LAKE DWELLERS—ICHTHYOPHAGl 97s
Page 133 and 134: MAN'S DESCENT FROM FISH—THE TUNNY
Page 135 and 136: :There"THE MANNA OF THE MEDITERRANE
Page 137 and 138: NUMBERS—MIGRATIONS—.ESCHYLUS 10
Page 139 and 140: MATHEMATICIANS—SIZE 105devices me
Page 141 and 142: —PLATO—BYRON—ARISTOTLE 107Whe
Page 143 and 144: a rough self-made microscope of the
Page 145 and 146: HIS NATURAL 777SrOi?y—ALEXANDERii
Page 147 and 148: DO FISH HEAR ?—EXPERIMENTS T13whe
Page 149 and 150: HIS DISSECTION OF FISH 115heart bei
Page 151 and 152: SAPPHO—ALCÛS-FISHING COMEDIES 11
Page 153 and 154: ;THEOCRITUS AND ENGLISH POETS 119th
Page 155 and 156: VIRGIL—ANTHOLOGIA PALATINA—VAVY
Page 157 and 158: FISHERS' HOSPITALITY, PIETY 123or s
Page 159 and 160: whose request forAND WIT—POSEIDON
Page 161 and 162: APHRODITE—ATARGATIS 127To her, se
Page 163 and 164: FISH, " SILVER-WHITE " AND PEACOCK
Page 165 and 166: FISHERMEN ALWAYS OLD AND POOR 131Wh
Page 167 and 168: CHAPTER VIITHEOCRITUS —THE GREEK
Page 169 and 170: "THE FISHERMAN'S DREAM" 135" So wit
Page 171 and 172: FISHING EPIGRAMS—LEONIDAS 137flin
Page 173: SALMO CYA^/CC/S—DAPHNIS AND CHLOE
Page 177 and 178: FISHING—LAKE COMO 143a fishing sy
Page 179 and 180: MARTIAL AND JUVENAL—OYSTERS 145Fo
Page 181 and 182: CRESCENS HARUNDO—WHAT ? 147piscat
Page 183 and 184: THE FOWLER'S ROD JOINTED 149of a tr
Page 185 and 186: WAS THE ANGLER'S ?—TIBULLUS 151To
Page 187 and 188: FLY, OR MOSS, AS LURE? 153literary
Page 189 and 190: ^^RUMINATION OF THE SCARUS 155Koi (
Page 191 and 192: hnitanturFLY PROBABLY ARTIFICIAL—
Page 193 and 194: CHAPTER XTHE SCARUS—THE EARLIEST
Page 195 and 196: :—"FIRST ACCLIMATISATION OF FISHi
Page 197 and 198: 2NONNIUS—GOURMETS—DOCTORS 163be
Page 199 and 200: !^FOOD, VOICE, SLEEP, LOYALTY OF SC
Page 201 and 202: FISH-PRESERVES—ROMAN NEWSPAPER 16
Page 203 and 204: —CHAPTER XIPLUTARCH : THE CHARGE
Page 205 and 206: PLUTARCH AN ANGLER—BURTON'S LIBEL
Page 207 and 208: :JOHNSON, GUILTLESS " WORM-FOOL " L
Page 209 and 210: — ^CLEOPATRA'S ANGLING—OPPIAN'S
Page 211 and 212: AND FlRDAUSrS—//.4L/£:t7r/C^ 177
Page 213 and 214: —OCTOPUS AND TOBACCO—LEISTERING
Page 215: CAMPANIAN FISH-PLATE WITH PATTERN O
Page 218 and 219: :i82PLUTARCH—CLEOPATRA—OPPIAN
Page 220 and 221: i84PLUTARCH—CLEOPATRA—OPPIAN—
Page 223 and 224: FIRST MENTION OF ARTIFICIAL FLY 187
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::AND MATERIALS FOR DRESSING IT 189
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BUT PROBABLY USED FAR EARLIER 191Fu
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GRAYLING—MOSQUITO FLY 193read, th
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smomus—AD mosellam 195rate, no op
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PIKE UNKNOWN TO GREEKS 197" Lucius
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OXYRHYNCUS—CARV—FAST DAYS 199Th
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3—CHAPTER XIVINFATUATION FOR FISH
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SEA-FISH PREFERRED—TURBOT—PRICE
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Ciy£"F5—JUVENAL—DIOGENES' POLY
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BANQUETS—VITELLIUS—VENUS—Sf/B
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C LEOPATRA—PTOLEMY—APICIUS 209t
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——ODES TO OYSTERS! 211Anaxandri
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FISH-SAUCES—MACKEREL'S BEARD 213T
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^———CHAPTER XVFISH IN SACRIFI
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FISH, VICE HUMAN SACRIFICES—VARRO
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—FISH—SACRED, DIVINATORY, SPICE
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FISH ON COINS—ARETHUSA 221reachin
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—Some2OYSTERS—CESAR'S ENGLISH P
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——VIVARIA ROMAN, SICILIAN—ARC
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HORTENSIUS—BEJEWELLED FISH 227Mac
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2:ANTONIA'S RECORD—FISH-BREEDING
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;CHAPTER XVILEGAL REGULATIONS OF RO
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PROPERTY IN FISH—CURIOUS LAWSUIT
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A GREEK ANGLER,From the Agathemeros
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:236 TACKLE—CURIOUS METHODS—S/L
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238 TACKLE—CURIOUS METHODS—S/Lf
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240 TACKLE-CURIOUS METHODS—S/Lf/i
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SARGUS FISHING IN SHE-GOAT'S SKIN 2
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;FISHING BY MUSIC—THOR'S OX-HEAD
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RECORD BASS AND TVÂ—SILURUS WHAT
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EEL FISHING WITH SHEEP-GUTS 247Flat
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EELS AS GODS, AND DAINTIES 249The p
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FALSE THEORIES OF EEL PROPAGATION 2
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TILL SCHMIDT'S IN 1904 253sexually
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E ~
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.256 THE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY PRIZ
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258 THE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY PRIZE
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——26oTHE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY
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——262 THE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY
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:264 THE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY PRIZ
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266 THE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY PRIZE
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—;268 THE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY P
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—,CHAPTER XIXFISH IN MYTHS, SYMBO
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272 FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS. DIET, M
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—3;274 FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS. DI
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2276 FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS, DIET,
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—2278 FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS, DIE
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^28o FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS, DIET,
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—:282 FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS, DIE
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284 FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS, DIET, M
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286 DIOCLETIAN'S EDICT—PRICES THE
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288 DIOCLETIAN'S EDICT—PRICES THE
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290 ro:man and modern piscicultureT
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292 ROMAN AND MODERN PISCICULTUREmo
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—CHAPTER XXIITHE RING OF HELENIn
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EGYPTIAN FISHING
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:EGYPTIAN FISHING^CHAPTER XXIII"THE
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TOMB REPRESENTATIONS—ANGLERS' DEB
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STONE PALETTES—IMITATIVE MAGIC 30
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2CHAPTER XXIVTACKLE" / tell you tha
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AN EGYPTIAN REEL.From F. LI. Griffi
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310 TACKLE
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2^312 TACKLEappears to have found e
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^314 TACKLERoman times, are well de
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HAND-LINING—BAITS3i5province whic
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special interest.NETS—GENERAL MET
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CHAPTER XXVABSTENTION FROM FISHThe
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—BY KINGS AND PRIESTS—PIANKHI 3
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FISH HIEROGLYPHS SUPPRESSED IN TOMB
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FISH AND GODS—FISH MUMMIES 325Fig
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CHAPTER XXVISACREDFISHApart from th
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WHY SOME SACRED P—TOTEMISM 329But
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CROCODILE WORSHIP. AND CATCHING 331
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CHAPTER XXVIIFISHERIES—ATTEMPTED
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FISH AS QUEENS' PIN-MONEY, AND TAXE
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DEPRECIATION OF MONEY 337the big ma
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HERODOTUS, ARISTOTLE ON SPAWNING 33
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GROWTH OF HAIR—GUNNAR'S BOWSTRING
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POEM OF DESCENT TO HADES 343the mod
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RING SYMBOL OF UNION OF KING AND SE
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ASSYRIAN FISHING^CHAPTER XXXNO ROD,
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2SUMERIANS—BABYLONIANS—ASSYRIAN
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BABYLONIAN THE LINGUA FRANCA 353the
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CHAPTER XXXIFISHING METHODSThe rele
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SAME WORD EQUALS HOOK AND THORN 357
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âksM
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— ——CHAPTER XXXIITHE EARLIEST
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362 THE EARLIEST CONTRACT OF FISHIN
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—364 FISH-GODS—DAGONof the Baby
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3—366 FISH-GODS—DAGONor horse-g
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368 FISH-GODS—DAGONstream of wate
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370 LEGENDS OF ADAPA AND OF THE FLO
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^372 LEGENDS OF ADAPA AND OF THE FL
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374 FISH—VIVARIA—FIRST POACHING
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—376 FISH—VIVARIA—FIRST POACH
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2378 FISH—VIVARIA—FIRST POACHIN
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38oFISH- VIVARIA—FIRST POACHINGTh
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CHAPTER XXXVlFISH IN OFFERINGS, AUG
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384 FISH IN OFFERINGS, AUGURIES, ET
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32386 FISH IN OFFERINGS. AUGURIES,
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:388 FISH IN OFFERINGS, AUGURIES, E
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390 FISH IN OFFERINGS, AUGURIES, ET
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—•392 THE FIGHT BETWEEN MARDUK
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BEOWULF—MARDUK THE FIRST GASSER 3
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TOKiAs, IN Lit Aladoiiiia del I'csc
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398 ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSKing,
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400 ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSof Ho
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402 ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSTo ac
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2404 ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSchin
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:4o6ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSof, o
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4o8ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSTo mos
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410 ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSSea-f
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412 ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSeven
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—.:•CHAPTER XXXIXFISHWITH AND W
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4i6FORBIDDEN FISH—NETTING—F/Fî
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—4i8FORBIDDEN FISH—NETTING—F7
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420 FORBIDDEN FISH—NETTING—F/F^
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422 FORBIDDEN FISH—NETTING—F/F^
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2CHAPTER XLICHTHYOLATRY IMPROBABLE
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426 FISH NOT IN SACRIFICE OR AUGURY
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;428 FISH NOT IN SACRIFICE OR AUGUR
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430 FISH NOT IN SACRIFICE OR AUGURY
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432 THE FISH OF TOBIAS—DEMONIC PO
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434 THE FISH OF TOBIAS—DEMONIC PO
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;436 THE FISH OF TOBIAS—DEMONIC P
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CHAPTER XLIITHE FISH OF MOSES—JON
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!440 FISH OF MOSES—JONAH—SOLOMO
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;442 FISH OF MOSES—JONAH—SOLOMO
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:444 FISH OF MOSES—JONAH—SOLOMO
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CHINESE FISHING
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CHINESE FISHINGCHAPTER XLIII"PLUS U
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4DATES—EARLIEST USE OF GUT 451Pap
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BARBLESS HOOKS—CONFUCIUS 453time
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—NET BEFORE ROD—ANGLING 455to o
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A BAIT OF "FIFTY WHOLE OXEN!" 457co
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CHINESE NETTING.From Tii Shu Chi Ch
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46oCHINESE FISHINGpatiently for air
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462 CHINESE FISHINGas to shelter an
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464 CHINESE FISHING"the first pre-P
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466 CHINESE FISHINGThis time we hav
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468 CHINESE FISHINGglided down stre
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——INDEXAbbott, F. F., 285Abram,
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——472 INDEXColumella, 205, 212,
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1474INDEXHearing of fish, Aristotle
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—476 INDEXNarke fish, see Torpedo
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478 INDEXSulpicius Severus, 199Sume
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