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100 THE DOLPHIN—ICHTHYOPHAGI—THE TUNNYnow, finds ample recognition by writers separated over twothousand years (such as Aristotle and Apostolides), and inits current title of " The Manna of the Mediterranean."It is curious that the first two fish, the Dolphin and Tunny,on which Ihave occasion to comment because of the chronologicalsequence of Hesiod and Herodotus, should have greaterCUTTING UP THE TUNNY.From Gerhard, Aus. Vas., PI. 316, 2.attention paid them and should occupy more space in ancientwriters than any other.The reasons, however, are very dissimilar.The Dolphin by its engaging habits of aidfulness and ofcomradeship—to it scarcely anything human seems alien —evoked gratitude and liking. The Tunny, apart from thewonder awakened by its multitudes and migrations, compelledan economic interest from its food-producing quantities andqualities. Rhode has excellently summarised the dissemblance :
:There"THE MANNA OF THE MEDITERRANEAN"loi" Delphinus veterum cordibus atqtie animis se insinuavit,thynnus gulis atque veniriculis." ^The annual campaign of the Tunny fishing, lasting fromMay 15 to Oct. 25, was based on a regular and thorough organisation.All the boats of a given section of the coast actedunder the orders of an elected Captain, whose word was law.Descriptions of fishing for Tunny and Pelamyde—thename given to the young Tunny from his habit of buryinghimself in the mud {irriXio fxmiv)," a derivation often attributedto Aristotle, see //. ^., VIII. 15, or of herding together [iri\uvana) according to Plutarch—may befound in Aristotle, N. H.,IV. 10, and VIII. 15, in Pliny, H. N., IX. 53, in ^lian, de nat.an., XV. 5 and 6, and in Oppian, hal, IV. 531 ff. The storyby the last of the Thracians piercing and taking myriadsof mutilated Pelamydes from the mud, in which they havefor warmth ensconced themselves, merits reading if only forhis indignant burst" The various Tortures of the bleeding ShoalCommand a Pity from the stoutest Soul." Âristophanes {Hipp., 313) compares Cleon to the watchposted on a cliff or height to signal the advent of the Tunnies,a position (as Theocritus (III. 26) and Oppian {hal., IV. 637)show), very similar to that of the " Hooer " in the pilchardfishery of Cornwall at the present day.These look-outs were frequently artificial. Êlian, de nat.an., XV. 5, describes a scaffolding consisting of two fir treesbetween which many cross pieces were fastened. The long1 Paulus Rhode, Thynnorum Capiura (Lipsiae, 1890). Had his exhaustivemonograph come to hand earUer, this notice would have been worthier, andmuch time spent on Aristotle, Oppian, etc., have been saved.* The real derivation of TrriKafivs, which was probably a pre-Hellenicword, seems unknown : see fe. Boisacq, Dictionnaire Etymologique de la languegrecque (Paris, 1913), p. 779.* Their method was to let down by a rope from the boats blocks of wood(heavily weighted with lead) to which were attached great spikes and hooks,which on reaching the bottom were drawn to and fro, with the result that" here gasping Heads confess the killing Smart, bleeds a Tail, which|quivers round the Dart." Cf. a fragment from Menander's The Fisherman,frag. 12 in the Frag, comicor. Graec, IV. 77, Meineke, " The muddy sea whichnourishes the great Tunny." Sophron's Tunnyfisher seems the earliest mime,where this fish figures.
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FISHING FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES
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U. S. National MuseumWishing from t
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TOMY FISHING HOSTS AND FISHING FRIE
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viiiPREFACE(5) The conclusion that
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CONTENTSPAGRPreface^^*Introduction
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CONTENTSxiiiJEWISH FISHINGCHAPTERXX
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xvi LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONSCutting up
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INTRODUCTION
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4 INTRODUCTIONit is but seemly, it
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6 INTRODUCTIONfor their lines, a pi
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8 INTRODUCTIONProgress from the Egy
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10 INTRODUCTIONdate (1660) dealing
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—TIGHT-LINE UNIVERSAL TILL 17TH C
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PALAEOLITHIC CAVES. ALTAMIRA 15Of s
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ART AND TACKLE, OLD STONE MEN 17dem
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ESKIMOS, TASMANIANS, BUSHMEN 19ston
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MEXICO 21To any claim for precedenc
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AZTEC AND PERUVIAN FISHING 23From t
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FISH Z)£-B7?/5—HUNTERS BEFORE FI
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"FISH ENGRAVINGS—MAGICAL CHARMS 2
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*THE BASIS OF MAGIC IN FISHING 29ou
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NO PALAEOLITHIC HOOK 31distinct fro
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GORGES VERSUS HOOKS 33time the hook
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HOOK READY MADE FROM THE SPUR OFEii
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36 INTRODUCTIONand use of these poi
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38 INTRODUCTIONsuddenly appear like
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40 INTRODUCTIONhand fishing, and th
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42 INTRODUCTIONEven this very up-to
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SPIDER FISH NET—OCTOPUS LANDS COA
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ANGLING DEFINED BY PLATOINTRODUCTIO
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BY DICTIONARIES, AND JUDGES 47laid
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:INDIAN FISHING 49ichthyic wisdom
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—PERSIAN FISHING 51grappling hook
Page 83 and 84: —GEOPONIKA 53to have been written
Page 85 and 86: —FIRST " ENGLISH TREATISE ON FISH
Page 87 and 88: THE BOKE OF ST. ALBANS—TUE CELTS
Page 89 and 90: —FISH AND ANTICHRIST—SUPERSTITI
Page 91: GREEK AND ROMAN FISHING" Noster in
Page 95 and 96: GREEK AND ROMAN FISHING/CHAPTER IHO
Page 97 and 98: —GREEK AND PHCENICTAN SAILORS 65"
Page 99 and 100: AND TRADERS 67The third reason was
Page 101 and 102: 2FISH EATEN ONLY BY THE POOR 69they
Page 103 and 104: 2—THE SHIELD OF ACHILLES 71no exa
Page 107 and 108: FISHING FOR POT, NOT SPORT 73ladies
Page 109 and 110: FISH AND FISHING SCENE 75shown in m
Page 111 and 112: THE ROD IN HOMER 77glittering hook
Page 113 and 114: -See S. Reinach, Cultes, Mythes, et
Page 115 and 116: THE OX-HORN—HOW USED?8iBut all th
Page 117 and 118: AS PRONG, HOOK, OR BAIT? 83gap, thu
Page 119 and 120: —SEALS, EELS, PROTEUS 85greater b
Page 121 and 122: —FISHING RIDDLE CAUSES HOMER'S DE
Page 123 and 124: ORACLES-HESIOD'S DEATH89Greeted fro
Page 125 and 126: — 2THE SHIELD OF HERACLES—DOUP}
Page 127 and 128: —THEIR TRADE-UNIONISM 93kill, but
Page 129 and 130: DOLPHIN AND SCHOOLBOY 95gleanings o
Page 131 and 132: —LAKE DWELLERS—ICHTHYOPHAGl 97s
Page 133: MAN'S DESCENT FROM FISH—THE TUNNY
Page 137 and 138: NUMBERS—MIGRATIONS—.ESCHYLUS 10
Page 139 and 140: MATHEMATICIANS—SIZE 105devices me
Page 141 and 142: —PLATO—BYRON—ARISTOTLE 107Whe
Page 143 and 144: a rough self-made microscope of the
Page 145 and 146: HIS NATURAL 777SrOi?y—ALEXANDERii
Page 147 and 148: DO FISH HEAR ?—EXPERIMENTS T13whe
Page 149 and 150: HIS DISSECTION OF FISH 115heart bei
Page 151 and 152: SAPPHO—ALCÛS-FISHING COMEDIES 11
Page 153 and 154: ;THEOCRITUS AND ENGLISH POETS 119th
Page 155 and 156: VIRGIL—ANTHOLOGIA PALATINA—VAVY
Page 157 and 158: FISHERS' HOSPITALITY, PIETY 123or s
Page 159 and 160: whose request forAND WIT—POSEIDON
Page 161 and 162: APHRODITE—ATARGATIS 127To her, se
Page 163 and 164: FISH, " SILVER-WHITE " AND PEACOCK
Page 165 and 166: FISHERMEN ALWAYS OLD AND POOR 131Wh
Page 167 and 168: CHAPTER VIITHEOCRITUS —THE GREEK
Page 169 and 170: "THE FISHERMAN'S DREAM" 135" So wit
Page 171 and 172: FISHING EPIGRAMS—LEONIDAS 137flin
Page 173 and 174: SALMO CYA^/CC/S—DAPHNIS AND CHLOE
Page 175 and 176: CHAPTER VIIITHE TWO PLINYS—MARTIA
Page 177 and 178: FISHING—LAKE COMO 143a fishing sy
Page 179 and 180: MARTIAL AND JUVENAL—OYSTERS 145Fo
Page 181 and 182: CRESCENS HARUNDO—WHAT ? 147piscat
Page 183 and 184: THE FOWLER'S ROD JOINTED 149of a tr
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WAS THE ANGLER'S ?—TIBULLUS 151To
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FLY, OR MOSS, AS LURE? 153literary
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^^RUMINATION OF THE SCARUS 155Koi (
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hnitanturFLY PROBABLY ARTIFICIAL—
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CHAPTER XTHE SCARUS—THE EARLIEST
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:—"FIRST ACCLIMATISATION OF FISHi
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2NONNIUS—GOURMETS—DOCTORS 163be
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!^FOOD, VOICE, SLEEP, LOYALTY OF SC
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FISH-PRESERVES—ROMAN NEWSPAPER 16
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—CHAPTER XIPLUTARCH : THE CHARGE
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PLUTARCH AN ANGLER—BURTON'S LIBEL
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:JOHNSON, GUILTLESS " WORM-FOOL " L
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— ^CLEOPATRA'S ANGLING—OPPIAN'S
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AND FlRDAUSrS—//.4L/£:t7r/C^ 177
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—OCTOPUS AND TOBACCO—LEISTERING
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CAMPANIAN FISH-PLATE WITH PATTERN O
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:i82PLUTARCH—CLEOPATRA—OPPIAN
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i84PLUTARCH—CLEOPATRA—OPPIAN—
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FIRST MENTION OF ARTIFICIAL FLY 187
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::AND MATERIALS FOR DRESSING IT 189
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BUT PROBABLY USED FAR EARLIER 191Fu
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GRAYLING—MOSQUITO FLY 193read, th
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smomus—AD mosellam 195rate, no op
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PIKE UNKNOWN TO GREEKS 197" Lucius
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OXYRHYNCUS—CARV—FAST DAYS 199Th
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3—CHAPTER XIVINFATUATION FOR FISH
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SEA-FISH PREFERRED—TURBOT—PRICE
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Ciy£"F5—JUVENAL—DIOGENES' POLY
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BANQUETS—VITELLIUS—VENUS—Sf/B
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C LEOPATRA—PTOLEMY—APICIUS 209t
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——ODES TO OYSTERS! 211Anaxandri
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FISH-SAUCES—MACKEREL'S BEARD 213T
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^———CHAPTER XVFISH IN SACRIFI
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FISH, VICE HUMAN SACRIFICES—VARRO
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—FISH—SACRED, DIVINATORY, SPICE
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FISH ON COINS—ARETHUSA 221reachin
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—Some2OYSTERS—CESAR'S ENGLISH P
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——VIVARIA ROMAN, SICILIAN—ARC
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HORTENSIUS—BEJEWELLED FISH 227Mac
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2:ANTONIA'S RECORD—FISH-BREEDING
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;CHAPTER XVILEGAL REGULATIONS OF RO
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PROPERTY IN FISH—CURIOUS LAWSUIT
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A GREEK ANGLER,From the Agathemeros
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:236 TACKLE—CURIOUS METHODS—S/L
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238 TACKLE—CURIOUS METHODS—S/Lf
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240 TACKLE-CURIOUS METHODS—S/Lf/i
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SARGUS FISHING IN SHE-GOAT'S SKIN 2
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;FISHING BY MUSIC—THOR'S OX-HEAD
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RECORD BASS AND TVÂ—SILURUS WHAT
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EEL FISHING WITH SHEEP-GUTS 247Flat
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EELS AS GODS, AND DAINTIES 249The p
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FALSE THEORIES OF EEL PROPAGATION 2
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TILL SCHMIDT'S IN 1904 253sexually
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E ~
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.256 THE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY PRIZ
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258 THE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY PRIZE
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——26oTHE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY
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——262 THE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY
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:264 THE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY PRIZ
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266 THE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY PRIZE
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—;268 THE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY P
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—,CHAPTER XIXFISH IN MYTHS, SYMBO
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272 FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS. DIET, M
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—3;274 FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS. DI
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2276 FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS, DIET,
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—2278 FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS, DIE
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^28o FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS, DIET,
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—:282 FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS, DIE
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284 FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS, DIET, M
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286 DIOCLETIAN'S EDICT—PRICES THE
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288 DIOCLETIAN'S EDICT—PRICES THE
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290 ro:man and modern piscicultureT
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292 ROMAN AND MODERN PISCICULTUREmo
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—CHAPTER XXIITHE RING OF HELENIn
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EGYPTIAN FISHING
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:EGYPTIAN FISHING^CHAPTER XXIII"THE
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TOMB REPRESENTATIONS—ANGLERS' DEB
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STONE PALETTES—IMITATIVE MAGIC 30
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2CHAPTER XXIVTACKLE" / tell you tha
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AN EGYPTIAN REEL.From F. LI. Griffi
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310 TACKLE
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2^312 TACKLEappears to have found e
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^314 TACKLERoman times, are well de
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HAND-LINING—BAITS3i5province whic
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special interest.NETS—GENERAL MET
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CHAPTER XXVABSTENTION FROM FISHThe
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—BY KINGS AND PRIESTS—PIANKHI 3
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FISH HIEROGLYPHS SUPPRESSED IN TOMB
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FISH AND GODS—FISH MUMMIES 325Fig
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CHAPTER XXVISACREDFISHApart from th
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WHY SOME SACRED P—TOTEMISM 329But
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CROCODILE WORSHIP. AND CATCHING 331
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CHAPTER XXVIIFISHERIES—ATTEMPTED
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FISH AS QUEENS' PIN-MONEY, AND TAXE
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DEPRECIATION OF MONEY 337the big ma
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HERODOTUS, ARISTOTLE ON SPAWNING 33
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GROWTH OF HAIR—GUNNAR'S BOWSTRING
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POEM OF DESCENT TO HADES 343the mod
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RING SYMBOL OF UNION OF KING AND SE
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ASSYRIAN FISHING^CHAPTER XXXNO ROD,
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2SUMERIANS—BABYLONIANS—ASSYRIAN
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BABYLONIAN THE LINGUA FRANCA 353the
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CHAPTER XXXIFISHING METHODSThe rele
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SAME WORD EQUALS HOOK AND THORN 357
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âksM
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— ——CHAPTER XXXIITHE EARLIEST
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362 THE EARLIEST CONTRACT OF FISHIN
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—364 FISH-GODS—DAGONof the Baby
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3—366 FISH-GODS—DAGONor horse-g
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368 FISH-GODS—DAGONstream of wate
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370 LEGENDS OF ADAPA AND OF THE FLO
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^372 LEGENDS OF ADAPA AND OF THE FL
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374 FISH—VIVARIA—FIRST POACHING
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—376 FISH—VIVARIA—FIRST POACH
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2378 FISH—VIVARIA—FIRST POACHIN
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38oFISH- VIVARIA—FIRST POACHINGTh
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CHAPTER XXXVlFISH IN OFFERINGS, AUG
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384 FISH IN OFFERINGS, AUGURIES, ET
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32386 FISH IN OFFERINGS. AUGURIES,
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:388 FISH IN OFFERINGS, AUGURIES, E
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390 FISH IN OFFERINGS, AUGURIES, ET
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—•392 THE FIGHT BETWEEN MARDUK
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BEOWULF—MARDUK THE FIRST GASSER 3
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TOKiAs, IN Lit Aladoiiiia del I'csc
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398 ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSKing,
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400 ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSof Ho
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402 ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSTo ac
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2404 ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSchin
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:4o6ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSof, o
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4o8ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSTo mos
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410 ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSSea-f
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412 ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSeven
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—.:•CHAPTER XXXIXFISHWITH AND W
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4i6FORBIDDEN FISH—NETTING—F/Fî
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—4i8FORBIDDEN FISH—NETTING—F7
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420 FORBIDDEN FISH—NETTING—F/F^
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422 FORBIDDEN FISH—NETTING—F/F^
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2CHAPTER XLICHTHYOLATRY IMPROBABLE
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426 FISH NOT IN SACRIFICE OR AUGURY
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;428 FISH NOT IN SACRIFICE OR AUGUR
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430 FISH NOT IN SACRIFICE OR AUGURY
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432 THE FISH OF TOBIAS—DEMONIC PO
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434 THE FISH OF TOBIAS—DEMONIC PO
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;436 THE FISH OF TOBIAS—DEMONIC P
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CHAPTER XLIITHE FISH OF MOSES—JON
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!440 FISH OF MOSES—JONAH—SOLOMO
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;442 FISH OF MOSES—JONAH—SOLOMO
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:444 FISH OF MOSES—JONAH—SOLOMO
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CHINESE FISHING
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CHINESE FISHINGCHAPTER XLIII"PLUS U
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4DATES—EARLIEST USE OF GUT 451Pap
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BARBLESS HOOKS—CONFUCIUS 453time
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—NET BEFORE ROD—ANGLING 455to o
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A BAIT OF "FIFTY WHOLE OXEN!" 457co
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CHINESE NETTING.From Tii Shu Chi Ch
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46oCHINESE FISHINGpatiently for air
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462 CHINESE FISHINGas to shelter an
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464 CHINESE FISHING"the first pre-P
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466 CHINESE FISHINGThis time we hav
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468 CHINESE FISHINGglided down stre
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——INDEXAbbott, F. F., 285Abram,
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——472 INDEXColumella, 205, 212,
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1474INDEXHearing of fish, Aristotle
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—476 INDEXNarke fish, see Torpedo
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478 INDEXSulpicius Severus, 199Sume
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