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84 HOMER—METHODS OF FISHINGthen, would last on in use, anglers being highly conservative,and I shall look out for it."Maspero,^ however, states, " Objects in bone and hornare still among the rarities of our museums : horn is perishableand is eagerly devoured by certain insects, which rapidlydestroy it," with which statement may be compared Od., XXI.395, " lest the worms might have eaten the horns " (of the bowof Odysseus).Finally the explanation first suggested by Mr. C. E. Haskins 2and adopted by Dr. Leaf, that KipaQ was an artificial bait ofhorn, appears to me as an angler and as having seen in thePacific, but not used, " bait fish-hooks made of shell all in onepiece, of a simple hooked form without any barb," ^ to beperhaps the most likely solution of our problem.According to Mr. Haskins, Kipa
—SEALS, EELS, PROTEUS 85greater beast she may anywhere take, whereof the deep-voicedAmphitrite feeds countless flocks."Seals 1 greedily devour a corpse in the sea {Od., XV.480). //., XXL 122, 203, extend the pleasant practice to fishand eels :gnawing the fat about his kidneys."" around him eels and fishes swarmed, tearing andIt is noteworthy that in Greek and Latin literature thefirst fish attaining to the dignity of a name is the Eel. 2The sea is called \xQv6tig, " fishy," or perhaps better" fishful," twelve times : the Hellespont only once. Plutarch{Symp., IV. 4) had this probably in mind, when he wrote," the heroes encamped by the Hellespont used themselves to aspare diet, banishing from their tables all superfluous delicaciesto such a degree that they abstained from fish." 'IxQvouqhappens but once in connection with a river, the Hyllus (//., XX.392).Homer seemingly applies it only where he is impressed,not by the number of fish obvious to the eye or still remainingin, but by the number already taken out of the water. Theproportion of salt water ' fishfuls ' to fresh water ' fishfuls '13 as against i—would, if not quite accidental, accord with thefact that the early Greeks, whatever be the time at which theybecame Ichthyophagists, set no high store on fresh-waterfish. 3^ In Victor Berard's Les Pheniciens el I'Odyssee (Paris, 1903), vol. ii. p. 64 ff.(a work, compact of knowledge and of both classical and modern research,which tracks characters and episodes in Homer to and compares them withEgyptian and Phoenician accounts), is found a very interesting dissertation onProteus, the guardian of the seals of Poseidon and foreteller of the future(Od., IV.). Berard holds that the name was simply a Greek form of theEgyptian word Prouiti, or Prouti, which was one of the ascriptions or titlesof the kings of Egypt, as to whose knowledge of or association with magicians(who, like Proteus, were capable of transforming themselves or other objects)he cites alike Maspero and the Old Testament. See, however, for otherpossibilities, P. Weizsacker in Roscher, Lex. Myth., iii. 3172-3178, who concludesthat for us, as for Menelaos or Aristaios, Proteus the shape-shifter is still avery slippery customer.* Otto Keller, Die Antike Tierwelt (Leipzig, 1913), ii.357.3 See infra, p. 201.
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FISHING FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES
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U. S. National MuseumWishing from t
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TOMY FISHING HOSTS AND FISHING FRIE
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viiiPREFACE(5) The conclusion that
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CONTENTSPAGRPreface^^*Introduction
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CONTENTSxiiiJEWISH FISHINGCHAPTERXX
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xvi LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONSCutting up
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INTRODUCTION
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4 INTRODUCTIONit is but seemly, it
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6 INTRODUCTIONfor their lines, a pi
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8 INTRODUCTIONProgress from the Egy
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10 INTRODUCTIONdate (1660) dealing
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—TIGHT-LINE UNIVERSAL TILL 17TH C
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PALAEOLITHIC CAVES. ALTAMIRA 15Of s
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ART AND TACKLE, OLD STONE MEN 17dem
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ESKIMOS, TASMANIANS, BUSHMEN 19ston
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MEXICO 21To any claim for precedenc
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AZTEC AND PERUVIAN FISHING 23From t
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FISH Z)£-B7?/5—HUNTERS BEFORE FI
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"FISH ENGRAVINGS—MAGICAL CHARMS 2
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*THE BASIS OF MAGIC IN FISHING 29ou
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NO PALAEOLITHIC HOOK 31distinct fro
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GORGES VERSUS HOOKS 33time the hook
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HOOK READY MADE FROM THE SPUR OFEii
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36 INTRODUCTIONand use of these poi
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38 INTRODUCTIONsuddenly appear like
Page 68 and 69: 40 INTRODUCTIONhand fishing, and th
Page 70 and 71: 42 INTRODUCTIONEven this very up-to
Page 73 and 74: SPIDER FISH NET—OCTOPUS LANDS COA
Page 75 and 76: ANGLING DEFINED BY PLATOINTRODUCTIO
Page 77 and 78: BY DICTIONARIES, AND JUDGES 47laid
Page 79 and 80: :INDIAN FISHING 49ichthyic wisdom
Page 81 and 82: —PERSIAN FISHING 51grappling hook
Page 83 and 84: —GEOPONIKA 53to have been written
Page 85 and 86: —FIRST " ENGLISH TREATISE ON FISH
Page 87 and 88: THE BOKE OF ST. ALBANS—TUE CELTS
Page 89 and 90: —FISH AND ANTICHRIST—SUPERSTITI
Page 91: GREEK AND ROMAN FISHING" Noster in
Page 95 and 96: GREEK AND ROMAN FISHING/CHAPTER IHO
Page 97 and 98: —GREEK AND PHCENICTAN SAILORS 65"
Page 99 and 100: AND TRADERS 67The third reason was
Page 101 and 102: 2FISH EATEN ONLY BY THE POOR 69they
Page 103 and 104: 2—THE SHIELD OF ACHILLES 71no exa
Page 107 and 108: FISHING FOR POT, NOT SPORT 73ladies
Page 109 and 110: FISH AND FISHING SCENE 75shown in m
Page 111 and 112: THE ROD IN HOMER 77glittering hook
Page 113 and 114: -See S. Reinach, Cultes, Mythes, et
Page 115 and 116: THE OX-HORN—HOW USED?8iBut all th
Page 117: AS PRONG, HOOK, OR BAIT? 83gap, thu
Page 121 and 122: —FISHING RIDDLE CAUSES HOMER'S DE
Page 123 and 124: ORACLES-HESIOD'S DEATH89Greeted fro
Page 125 and 126: — 2THE SHIELD OF HERACLES—DOUP}
Page 127 and 128: —THEIR TRADE-UNIONISM 93kill, but
Page 129 and 130: DOLPHIN AND SCHOOLBOY 95gleanings o
Page 131 and 132: —LAKE DWELLERS—ICHTHYOPHAGl 97s
Page 133 and 134: MAN'S DESCENT FROM FISH—THE TUNNY
Page 135 and 136: :There"THE MANNA OF THE MEDITERRANE
Page 137 and 138: NUMBERS—MIGRATIONS—.ESCHYLUS 10
Page 139 and 140: MATHEMATICIANS—SIZE 105devices me
Page 141 and 142: —PLATO—BYRON—ARISTOTLE 107Whe
Page 143 and 144: a rough self-made microscope of the
Page 145 and 146: HIS NATURAL 777SrOi?y—ALEXANDERii
Page 147 and 148: DO FISH HEAR ?—EXPERIMENTS T13whe
Page 149 and 150: HIS DISSECTION OF FISH 115heart bei
Page 151 and 152: SAPPHO—ALCÛS-FISHING COMEDIES 11
Page 153 and 154: ;THEOCRITUS AND ENGLISH POETS 119th
Page 155 and 156: VIRGIL—ANTHOLOGIA PALATINA—VAVY
Page 157 and 158: FISHERS' HOSPITALITY, PIETY 123or s
Page 159 and 160: whose request forAND WIT—POSEIDON
Page 161 and 162: APHRODITE—ATARGATIS 127To her, se
Page 163 and 164: FISH, " SILVER-WHITE " AND PEACOCK
Page 165 and 166: FISHERMEN ALWAYS OLD AND POOR 131Wh
Page 167 and 168: CHAPTER VIITHEOCRITUS —THE GREEK
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"THE FISHERMAN'S DREAM" 135" So wit
Page 171 and 172:
FISHING EPIGRAMS—LEONIDAS 137flin
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SALMO CYA^/CC/S—DAPHNIS AND CHLOE
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CHAPTER VIIITHE TWO PLINYS—MARTIA
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FISHING—LAKE COMO 143a fishing sy
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MARTIAL AND JUVENAL—OYSTERS 145Fo
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CRESCENS HARUNDO—WHAT ? 147piscat
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THE FOWLER'S ROD JOINTED 149of a tr
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WAS THE ANGLER'S ?—TIBULLUS 151To
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FLY, OR MOSS, AS LURE? 153literary
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^^RUMINATION OF THE SCARUS 155Koi (
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hnitanturFLY PROBABLY ARTIFICIAL—
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CHAPTER XTHE SCARUS—THE EARLIEST
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:—"FIRST ACCLIMATISATION OF FISHi
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2NONNIUS—GOURMETS—DOCTORS 163be
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!^FOOD, VOICE, SLEEP, LOYALTY OF SC
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FISH-PRESERVES—ROMAN NEWSPAPER 16
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—CHAPTER XIPLUTARCH : THE CHARGE
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PLUTARCH AN ANGLER—BURTON'S LIBEL
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:JOHNSON, GUILTLESS " WORM-FOOL " L
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— ^CLEOPATRA'S ANGLING—OPPIAN'S
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AND FlRDAUSrS—//.4L/£:t7r/C^ 177
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—OCTOPUS AND TOBACCO—LEISTERING
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CAMPANIAN FISH-PLATE WITH PATTERN O
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:i82PLUTARCH—CLEOPATRA—OPPIAN
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i84PLUTARCH—CLEOPATRA—OPPIAN—
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FIRST MENTION OF ARTIFICIAL FLY 187
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::AND MATERIALS FOR DRESSING IT 189
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BUT PROBABLY USED FAR EARLIER 191Fu
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GRAYLING—MOSQUITO FLY 193read, th
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smomus—AD mosellam 195rate, no op
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PIKE UNKNOWN TO GREEKS 197" Lucius
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OXYRHYNCUS—CARV—FAST DAYS 199Th
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3—CHAPTER XIVINFATUATION FOR FISH
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SEA-FISH PREFERRED—TURBOT—PRICE
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Ciy£"F5—JUVENAL—DIOGENES' POLY
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BANQUETS—VITELLIUS—VENUS—Sf/B
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C LEOPATRA—PTOLEMY—APICIUS 209t
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——ODES TO OYSTERS! 211Anaxandri
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FISH-SAUCES—MACKEREL'S BEARD 213T
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^———CHAPTER XVFISH IN SACRIFI
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FISH, VICE HUMAN SACRIFICES—VARRO
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—FISH—SACRED, DIVINATORY, SPICE
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FISH ON COINS—ARETHUSA 221reachin
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—Some2OYSTERS—CESAR'S ENGLISH P
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——VIVARIA ROMAN, SICILIAN—ARC
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HORTENSIUS—BEJEWELLED FISH 227Mac
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2:ANTONIA'S RECORD—FISH-BREEDING
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;CHAPTER XVILEGAL REGULATIONS OF RO
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PROPERTY IN FISH—CURIOUS LAWSUIT
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A GREEK ANGLER,From the Agathemeros
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:236 TACKLE—CURIOUS METHODS—S/L
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238 TACKLE—CURIOUS METHODS—S/Lf
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240 TACKLE-CURIOUS METHODS—S/Lf/i
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SARGUS FISHING IN SHE-GOAT'S SKIN 2
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;FISHING BY MUSIC—THOR'S OX-HEAD
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RECORD BASS AND TVÂ—SILURUS WHAT
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EEL FISHING WITH SHEEP-GUTS 247Flat
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EELS AS GODS, AND DAINTIES 249The p
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FALSE THEORIES OF EEL PROPAGATION 2
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TILL SCHMIDT'S IN 1904 253sexually
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E ~
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.256 THE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY PRIZ
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258 THE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY PRIZE
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——26oTHE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY
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——262 THE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY
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:264 THE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY PRIZ
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266 THE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY PRIZE
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—;268 THE NINE FISH MOST HIGHLY P
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—,CHAPTER XIXFISH IN MYTHS, SYMBO
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272 FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS. DIET, M
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—3;274 FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS. DI
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2276 FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS, DIET,
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—2278 FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS, DIE
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^28o FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS, DIET,
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—:282 FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS, DIE
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284 FISH IN MYTHS, SYMBOLS, DIET, M
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286 DIOCLETIAN'S EDICT—PRICES THE
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288 DIOCLETIAN'S EDICT—PRICES THE
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290 ro:man and modern piscicultureT
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292 ROMAN AND MODERN PISCICULTUREmo
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—CHAPTER XXIITHE RING OF HELENIn
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EGYPTIAN FISHING
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:EGYPTIAN FISHING^CHAPTER XXIII"THE
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TOMB REPRESENTATIONS—ANGLERS' DEB
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STONE PALETTES—IMITATIVE MAGIC 30
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2CHAPTER XXIVTACKLE" / tell you tha
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AN EGYPTIAN REEL.From F. LI. Griffi
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310 TACKLE
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2^312 TACKLEappears to have found e
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^314 TACKLERoman times, are well de
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HAND-LINING—BAITS3i5province whic
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special interest.NETS—GENERAL MET
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CHAPTER XXVABSTENTION FROM FISHThe
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—BY KINGS AND PRIESTS—PIANKHI 3
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FISH HIEROGLYPHS SUPPRESSED IN TOMB
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FISH AND GODS—FISH MUMMIES 325Fig
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CHAPTER XXVISACREDFISHApart from th
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WHY SOME SACRED P—TOTEMISM 329But
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CROCODILE WORSHIP. AND CATCHING 331
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CHAPTER XXVIIFISHERIES—ATTEMPTED
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FISH AS QUEENS' PIN-MONEY, AND TAXE
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DEPRECIATION OF MONEY 337the big ma
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HERODOTUS, ARISTOTLE ON SPAWNING 33
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GROWTH OF HAIR—GUNNAR'S BOWSTRING
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POEM OF DESCENT TO HADES 343the mod
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RING SYMBOL OF UNION OF KING AND SE
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ASSYRIAN FISHING^CHAPTER XXXNO ROD,
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2SUMERIANS—BABYLONIANS—ASSYRIAN
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BABYLONIAN THE LINGUA FRANCA 353the
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CHAPTER XXXIFISHING METHODSThe rele
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SAME WORD EQUALS HOOK AND THORN 357
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âksM
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— ——CHAPTER XXXIITHE EARLIEST
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362 THE EARLIEST CONTRACT OF FISHIN
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—364 FISH-GODS—DAGONof the Baby
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3—366 FISH-GODS—DAGONor horse-g
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368 FISH-GODS—DAGONstream of wate
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370 LEGENDS OF ADAPA AND OF THE FLO
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^372 LEGENDS OF ADAPA AND OF THE FL
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374 FISH—VIVARIA—FIRST POACHING
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—376 FISH—VIVARIA—FIRST POACH
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2378 FISH—VIVARIA—FIRST POACHIN
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38oFISH- VIVARIA—FIRST POACHINGTh
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CHAPTER XXXVlFISH IN OFFERINGS, AUG
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384 FISH IN OFFERINGS, AUGURIES, ET
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32386 FISH IN OFFERINGS. AUGURIES,
Page 444 and 445:
:388 FISH IN OFFERINGS, AUGURIES, E
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390 FISH IN OFFERINGS, AUGURIES, ET
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—•392 THE FIGHT BETWEEN MARDUK
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BEOWULF—MARDUK THE FIRST GASSER 3
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TOKiAs, IN Lit Aladoiiiia del I'csc
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398 ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSKing,
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400 ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSof Ho
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402 ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSTo ac
Page 464 and 465:
2404 ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSchin
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:4o6ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSof, o
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4o8ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSTo mos
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410 ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSSea-f
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412 ROD NOT EMPLOYED—REASONSeven
Page 474 and 475:
—.:•CHAPTER XXXIXFISHWITH AND W
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4i6FORBIDDEN FISH—NETTING—F/Fî
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—4i8FORBIDDEN FISH—NETTING—F7
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420 FORBIDDEN FISH—NETTING—F/F^
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422 FORBIDDEN FISH—NETTING—F/F^
Page 484 and 485:
2CHAPTER XLICHTHYOLATRY IMPROBABLE
Page 486 and 487:
426 FISH NOT IN SACRIFICE OR AUGURY
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;428 FISH NOT IN SACRIFICE OR AUGUR
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430 FISH NOT IN SACRIFICE OR AUGURY
Page 492 and 493:
432 THE FISH OF TOBIAS—DEMONIC PO
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434 THE FISH OF TOBIAS—DEMONIC PO
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;436 THE FISH OF TOBIAS—DEMONIC P
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CHAPTER XLIITHE FISH OF MOSES—JON
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!440 FISH OF MOSES—JONAH—SOLOMO
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;442 FISH OF MOSES—JONAH—SOLOMO
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:444 FISH OF MOSES—JONAH—SOLOMO
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CHINESE FISHING
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CHINESE FISHINGCHAPTER XLIII"PLUS U
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4DATES—EARLIEST USE OF GUT 451Pap
Page 515 and 516:
BARBLESS HOOKS—CONFUCIUS 453time
Page 517 and 518:
—NET BEFORE ROD—ANGLING 455to o
Page 519 and 520:
A BAIT OF "FIFTY WHOLE OXEN!" 457co
Page 521:
CHINESE NETTING.From Tii Shu Chi Ch
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46oCHINESE FISHINGpatiently for air
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462 CHINESE FISHINGas to shelter an
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464 CHINESE FISHING"the first pre-P
Page 530 and 531:
466 CHINESE FISHINGThis time we hav
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468 CHINESE FISHINGglided down stre
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——INDEXAbbott, F. F., 285Abram,
Page 536 and 537:
——472 INDEXColumella, 205, 212,
Page 538 and 539:
1474INDEXHearing of fish, Aristotle
Page 540 and 541:
—476 INDEXNarke fish, see Torpedo
Page 542:
478 INDEXSulpicius Severus, 199Sume
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