биота российских вод японского моря - Materials of Alexey Shipunov

Evadne nordmanni Loven, 1836(Pl. VII, figs. 1–10)Loven, 1836: 1, tabl. 1–2, figs. 1–16; Müller, 1867: 222, tabl. 6, figs. 8–10; Lilljeborg,1900: 647, tabl. 86, figs. 4–17; Rammner, 1930: 5, figs. 9, 10; Dolgopolskaya, 1958: 46–50,figs. 14–16; Manuilova, 1964: 307–308, fig. 176; Cheng & Chen, 1966: 174, pl. 2; Yamazi,1966: 192–193, pl. 88, fig. 5; Mordukhai-Boltovskoi, 1969: 23, pl. III, fig. 4; Flössner, 1972:398–400, abb. 187; Onbe, 1974: 90–92, fig. 6, A; Negrea, 1983: 351–355, fig. 146; Mordukhai-Boltovskoi& Rivier, 1987: 123–125, fig. 78; Rivier, 1998: 135–136, figs. 101–109(Evadne nordmanni).Description. Parthenogenetic female. Shell elongated, with pointed apex, inold specimens with many embryos, oval, with rounded outline. Swimming antennaesmall, with decreased apical segments. Head not separated from shell. Exopod of limb1 almost equal in length to second segment of endopod; exopods of limbs 2–3 small.Each exopod of limbs 1–2 with two setae, each exopod of limbs 3 with one seta; setalformula 2.2.1.1. Maxillary process well developed on limbs 2 and 3. Apical setae onendopod of limb 1 long, on endopod of limbs 2 and 3 short and claw-like. Cauda inshape of 2 conical pointed outgrowths. Length 0.6–0.7 mm, height up to 1.2–1.4 mm.Gamogenetic female generally has one resting egg. Females with restingeggs almost largest specimens in population.Male. Shell almost triangular. Testes protruded into shell cavity, clearly visible.Hooks on limb 1 thin, not pointed. Length 0.5–0.65 mm, height 0.7–0.8 mm.Distribution. E. nordmanni is distributed in cold and temperate waters. It occursin the open seas of the Arctic, Pacific, and the Atlantic oceans (excluding the tropicalzones of the Pacific and the Atlantic); in the inland seas, namely the White, Baltic,Mediterranean, Black seas, and the Inland Sea of Japan (Rivier, 1998); as well as inthe Far East seas (Kun, 1975).In the north-western Pacific, the northernmost record of E. nordmanni is from thesouth of the Bering Sea, near Africa Cape (Vinogradov, 1956), whereas Podon leuckartiis distributed farther north. In the western part of the Bering Sea E. nordmannioccurs in the plankton at the beginning of autumn (September and October), when thewater is warmest (Geinrich, 1961). In the Sea of Okhotsk the species can breed in thecoastal zone around the whole periphery of the sea (Lubny-Gertsyk, 1959). Near thesouthern tip of Sakhalin Island E. nordmanni inhabits Aniva Bay and penetrates intothe Sea of Japan via the La Perouse Strait (Ponomareva, 1961). It is a common speciesfor the north-western part of the Sea of Japan, occurring in all bights and bays, includingPeter the Great Bay (Kos, 1960; Shkoldina, 2001, 2002).Cold currents bring E. nordmanni to the southern part of the Sea of Japan, alongthe coast of Korea. The farther south, the earlier (mid-spring to early spring) E. nordmanniappears in the plankton (Kim, 1985; Yoo & Kim, 1987; Onbe et al., 1996). Thespecies also occurs near China (Jian Dong, 1991).Biology and ecology. E. nordmanni is a temperate-cold water species. Its rangeis extended in north-south direction, and the periods of occurrence of this species inthe plankton depend on the latitude and are regulated by the same mechanisms as inPodon leuckarti. In the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea E. nordmanni appears inlate summer or in autumn (Vinogradov, 1956). In the Tatar Strait (49°–51°30′N) theappearance of all the podonid species depends on the extent of the warming up of the23