Naming and Directory Services (DNS, NIS, and LDAP)

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Description of the /etc Files Naming ServiceThe original host-based UNIX naming system was developed for standalone UNIXmachines and then adapted for network use. Many old UNIX operating systems andmachines still use this system, but the system is not well suited for large complexnetworks.Description of the NIS Naming ServiceThe Network Information Service (NIS) was developed independently of DNS. DNSmakes communication simpler by using machine names instead of numerical IPaddresses. NIS focuses on making network administration more manageable byproviding centralized control over a variety of network information. NIS storesinformation about the network, machine names and addresses, users, and networkservices. This collection of network information is referred to as the NIS namespace.NIS namespace information is stored in NIS maps. NIS maps were designed to replaceUNIX /etc files, as well as other configuration files. NIS maps store much more thannames and addresses. As a result, the NIS namespace has a large set of maps. See“Working With NIS Maps” on page 97 for more information.NIS uses a client-server arrangement which is similar to DNS. Replicated NIS serversprovide services to NIS clients. The principal servers are called master servers, and forreliability, the servers have backup, or slave servers. Both master and slave servers usethe NIS retrieval software and both store NIS maps. For more information on NISArchitecture and NIS Administration, see Chapter 5 and Chapter 6.Description of the NIS+ Naming ServiceThe Network Information Service Plus (NIS+) is similar to NIS but with more features.However, NIS+ is not an extension of NIS.The NIS+ naming service is designed to conform to the shape of the organization.Unlike NIS, the NIS+ namespace is dynamic because updates can occur and be putinto effect at any time by any authorized user.NIS+ enables you to store information about machine addresses, security information,mail information, Ethernet interfaces, and network services in one central location.This configuration of network information is referred to as the NIS+ namespace.The NIS+ namespace is hierarchical. The NIS+ namespace is similar in structure to theUNIX directory file system. The hierarchical structure allows an NIS+ namespace to beconfigured to conform to the logical hierarchy of an organization. The namespace’slayout of information is unrelated to its physical arrangement. Thus, an NIS+namespace can be divided into multiple domains that can be administeredautonomously. Clients might have access to information in domains other than theirown if the clients have the appropriate permissions.28 System Administration Guide: Naming and Directory Services (DNS, NIS, and LDAP) • January 2005
NIS+ uses a client-server model to store and have access to the information containedin an NIS+ namespace. Each domain is supported by a set of servers. The principalserver is called the primary server. The backup servers are called secondary servers. Thenetwork information is stored in 16 standard NIS+ tables in an internal NIS+ database.Both primary and secondary servers run NIS+ server software and both maintaincopies of NIS+ tables. Changes made to the NIS+ data on the master server areincrementally propagated automatically to the secondary servers.NIS+ includes a sophisticated security system to protect the structure of thenamespace and its information. NIS+ uses authentication and authorization to verifywhether a client’s request for information should be fulfilled. Authenticationdetermines whether the information requester is a valid user on the network.Authorization determines whether a particular user is allowed to have or modify theinformation requested. See System Administration Guide: Naming and Directory Services(NIS+) for a more detailed description of NIS+ security.For information on making the transition from NIS+ to LDAP, see Chapter 16.Description of the LDAP Naming ServicesSolaris 9 supports LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) in conjunction withthe Sun Java System Directory Server (formerly Sun ONE Directory Server), as well asother LDAP directory servers.See Chapter 8 for more information about LDAP naming services.For information about transitioning from NIS to LDAP or NIS+ to LDAP, seeChapter 15 or Chapter 16.Naming Services: A Quick ComparisonDNS NIS NIS+ LDAPNAMESPACE Hierarchical Flat Hierarchical HierarchicalDATA STORAGEFiles/resourcerecords2 columnmapsMulti-columnedtablesDirectories [varied]Chapter 1 • Naming and Directory Services (Overview) 29
Page 1 and 2: System Administration Guide:Naming
Page 3 and 4: ContentsPreface 15Part I About Nami
Page 5 and 6: Server-List Mode 77Broadcast Mode 7
Page 7 and 8: Using Fully Qualified Domain Names
Page 9 and 10: Checking Server Data From a Non-Cli
Page 11 and 12: Replication Timestamps 268The Direc
Page 13 and 14: ExamplesEXAMPLE 2-1 NIS+ Switch Fil
Page 15 and 16: PrefaceSolaris Administration Guide
Page 17 and 18: Related Books■ Sun Java System Di
Page 19 and 20: PARTIAbout Naming and Directory Ser
Page 21 and 22: CHAPTER 1Naming and Directory Servi
Page 23 and 24: A network information service store
Page 25 and 26: docS2S1sales.docS3manf.docC1 C2 C3
Page 27: Subsequent changes in your organiza
Page 31 and 32: CHAPTER 2The Name Service Switch (O
Page 33 and 34: TABLE 2-1 Switch File Information S
Page 35 and 36: networks: nis [NOTFOUND=return] fil
Page 37 and 38: Note - In order to use LDAP naming
Page 39 and 40: EXAMPLE 2-3 Files Switch File Templ
Page 41 and 42: Selecting a Different Configuration
Page 43 and 44: Caution - Potential delay issues:
Page 45 and 46: PARTIIDNS Setup and AdministrationT
Page 47 and 48: CHAPTER 3DNS Setup and Administrati
Page 49 and 50: DNS and the Service ManagementFacil
Page 51 and 52: EXAMPLE 3-2 Sample named.conf File
Page 53 and 54: etc/rndc.confComparison of BIND 8 a
Page 55 and 56: Options {Changes[ directory path_na
Page 57 and 58: Options {Changes[ sortlist { addres
Page 59 and 60: options {blackhole { ; ... };coresi
Page 61 and 62: };print-time ;print-severity ;print
Page 63 and 64: };maintain-ixfr-base ; // obsoletem
Page 65 and 66: PARTIIINIS Setup and Administration
Page 67 and 68: CHAPTER 4Network Information Servic
Page 69 and 70: NIS Machine TypesThere are three ty
Page 71 and 72: Note - rpc.yppasswdd considers all
Page 73 and 74: TABLE 4-3 NIS Map DescriptionsMap N
Page 75 and 76: For example, when you add a new mac
Page 77 and 78: TABLE 4-4 NIS Command SummaryComman
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CHAPTER 5Setting Up and Configuring
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■You can query the status of NIS
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In addition, if audit_user, auth_at
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Preparing the MakefileAfter checkin
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If the map or maps being pushed by
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# svcadm restart network/nis/server
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Setting Up NIS ClientsThe two metho
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CHAPTER 6Administering NIS (Tasks)T
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This step is necessary because the
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separated by commas. For example, t
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▼How to Change a Map’s Master S
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master of the map, modify the Makef
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5. Run make.# make mapnameWhere map
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To periodically run ypxfr at a rate
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■Using the Makefile” on page 10
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2. Change to the NIS domain directo
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Using NIS in Conjunction With DNSTy
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CHAPTER 7NIS TroubleshootingThis ch
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Client7# ls /var/yp...-rwxr-xr-x 1
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Note - For security reasons, the us
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# svcadm restart network/nis/server
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100004 2 udp 731 ypserv100004 1 udp
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PARTIVLDAP Naming Services Setup an
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CHAPTER 8Introduction to LDAP Namin
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DNS NIS NIS+ LDAPServers Master/sla
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CHAPTER 9LDAP Basic Components andC
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networksdn: ipNetworkNumber=200.20.
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Also, if you use interface-specific
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semicolon-separated base-scope-filt
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LDAP Client ProfilesTo simplify Sol
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TABLE 9-2 Client Profile Attributes
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LDAP Naming Services Security Model
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Caution - Allowing anonymous write
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■and that it is easy to set up.sa
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Pluggable Authentication MethodsBy
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TABLE 9-5 pam_unix versus pam_ldapP
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Note - The preceding account manage
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CHAPTER 10Planning Requirements for
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information will be searched for a
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For information about how to set up
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Because the entries are stored in t
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CHAPTER 11Setting Up Sun Java Syste
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Note - If you are using hostnames i
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Using Service Search Descriptors to
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▼How to Configure Sun Java System
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EXAMPLE 11-1 Running idsconfig for
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EXAMPLE 11-1 Running idsconfig for
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Populating the Directory Server Wit
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Migrating Your Sun Java SystemDirec
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CHAPTER 12Setting Up LDAP Clients (
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■dependencyrequire_all/none svc:/
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System successfully configuredThe -
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Setting Up TLS SecurityNote - The s
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Retrieving LDAP Naming ServicesInfo
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Enabling DNS With LDAPIf you want t
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CHAPTER 13LDAP Troubleshooting (Ref
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Checking the Current Profile Inform
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5. No password is defined for the u
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CHAPTER 14LDAP General Reference (R
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CompatibilityClients configured on
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General LDAP ToolsLDAP command line
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other password required pam_dhkeys.
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IETF Schemas for LDAPSchemas are de
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SYNTAX ’INTEGER’ SINGLE-VALUE )
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( nisSchema.2.5 NAME ’oncRpc’ S
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Directory User Agent Profile(DUAPro
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Solaris SchemasThe schemas required
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( 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.27.5.2.4 NAME
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EQUALITY caseIgnoreMatch ORDERING c
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"edge-stitch-bottom", "staple-dual-
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Legal values include; "unknown", "b
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client generates protocol extension
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ootparams(&(objectclass=bootableDev
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TABLE 14-5 getent Attribute Filters
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CHAPTER 15Transitioning From NIS to
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■■Chapter 4, for an overview of
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TABLE 15-1 Terminology Related to t
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Transitioning From NIS to LDAP (Tas
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■ The name of the configuration f
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d. Start the NIS daemons to ensure
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Tip - The original NIS dbm files ar
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ou=servdates, ?one? \objectClass=se
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For example, to increase the minimu
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Object class violationError Number:
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Problem: Object class violations oc
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▼How to Revert to Maps Based on O
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CHAPTER 16Transitioning From NIS+ t
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“client_info and timezone Tables
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2. Stop the NIS+ service.# svcadm d
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■nisplusLDAPconfigProxyPasswordSe
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■■■■■■■■■■nispl
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Carefully consider how critical it
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Assuming the defaultSearchBase valu
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▼How to Convert All NIS+ Data to
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7. Create merged versions of the ta
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eplica. For example, assume that th
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traffic. For example, if the rpc.ni
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■■■passwordnisplusLDAPproxyPa
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NIS+ Entry Owner, Group, Access, an
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homeDirectory=home, \loginShell=she
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Set the owner of the link object to
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NAME ’nisplusClientInfoData’ \D
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nisplusLDAPdatabaseIdMappingIf this
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nisplusLDAPobjectDNThe cname column
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nisplusLDAPcolumnFromAttribute \net
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NIS+/LDAP configuration attributes
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NAME ’nisplusLDAPbaseDomain’ \D
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APPENDIXASolaris 10 Software Update
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It is not possible to provide a cle
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Glossaryapplication-levelnaming ser
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DNS zonesDNS zone filesdomainAdmini
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N2L servername resolutionname serve
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server listslave serverSee preferre
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IndexNumbers and Symbols+/- Syntaxc
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IP address, 300ipsec(7), 144IPv6, n
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NIS (Continued)stopping, 112stoppin
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private key, 301Profiles, LDAP clie
Page 313 and 314:
yppush command, NIS problems, 120yp
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