account of a voyage of discovery to the west coast of corea, and the ...
account of a voyage of discovery to the west coast of corea, and the ...
account of a voyage of discovery to the west coast of corea, and the ...
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ACCOUNTOFA VOYAGE OF DISCOVERYTO THEWEST COAST OF COREA,ANDTHE GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND;AN A PPENDIX,CONTAININGCHARTS, AND VARIOUS HYDROGRAPHICAL AND SCIENTIFIC NOTICES.60S:S.BY CAPTAIN BASIL HALL,HOYAL NAVY, F. H. S. LOND. & EDIN.MEMBEH OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF CALCUTTA, OF THE UTERAHY SOCIETY OF BOMBAY,AND OF THE SOCIETY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES AT BATAVIA.PANDA VOCABULARY OF THE LOO-CHOO LANGUAGE,iBY H. J. CLIFFORD, ESQ.LIEUTENANT HOYAL NAVY.LONDON:JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE-STREET.1818.
CAPTAIN MURRAY MAXWELL,i$nig$t CDotnpanionTO WHOSEABILITY IN CONDUCTING THIS VOYAGE,ZEAL IN GIVING ENCOURAGEMENT TO EVERY INQUIRY,SAGACITY IN DISCOVERING THE DISPOSITION OF THE NATIVES,AND ADDRESS IN GAINING THEIR CONFIDENCE AND GOOD WILL,IS TO BE ATTRIBUTEDWHATEVER MAY BE FOUND INTERESTING OR USEFULIN THE FOLLOWING PAGES,TOTHIS WORKIS MOST RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED,BYTHE AUTHORS,f1
PREFACE.THE following work contains a Narrative <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>Voyage <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> West Coast <strong>of</strong> Corea, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>Great Loo-choo Isl<strong>and</strong>; an Appendix, containingNautical details: <strong>and</strong> a Vocabulary <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Laii-J . vguage spoken at Loo-choo.In drawing up <strong>the</strong> Narrative from journalswritten at <strong>the</strong> time, I have derived great assistance from notes made by Lieutenant H. J.Clifford, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Navy. This <strong>of</strong>ficer obtainedpermission from <strong>the</strong> Admiralty <strong>to</strong> accompanyme, though on half pay, <strong>and</strong> having no specificduty <strong>to</strong> perform, he was enabled <strong>to</strong> devote himself entirely <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> acquisition <strong>of</strong> knowledge;<strong>and</strong> had it in his power <strong>to</strong> record many interesting occurrences <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>voyage</strong>, which <strong>the</strong> nu-
V1UPREFACE.merous duties <strong>of</strong> my station left me but littleleisure <strong>to</strong> observe or describe.All <strong>the</strong> Charts, Tables, <strong>and</strong> Nautical Noticeshave been placed in an Appendix, in order <strong>to</strong>avoid <strong>the</strong> interruption which such details are apt<strong>to</strong> occasion when inserted in a journal; <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>Nautical reader will perhaps consider it advantageous, <strong>to</strong> have this part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> subject setapart, <strong>and</strong> condensed, instead <strong>of</strong> being scatteredover <strong>the</strong> pages <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> narrative.I am indebted <strong>to</strong> Mr. Clifford for very important assistance in collecting <strong>and</strong> arranging <strong>the</strong>materials which form this Appendix.The,nor<strong>the</strong>rn part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Chart <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> YellowSea, given in <strong>the</strong> Appendix, was taken from aChart by Captain Daniel Ross, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Bombaymarine, <strong>the</strong> scientific <strong>and</strong> able surveyor comm<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>the</strong> squadron which <strong>the</strong> HonourablePREFACE.East India Company, in <strong>the</strong> spirit <strong>of</strong> a liberal<strong>and</strong> enlarged policy, have employed for upwards<strong>of</strong> nine years, in surveying <strong>the</strong> China Seas.The Vocabulary is exclusively compiled byMr. Clifford, who <strong>to</strong>ok <strong>the</strong> greatest pains <strong>to</strong>collect words <strong>and</strong> sentences in common use;<strong>and</strong> though, from <strong>the</strong> shortness <strong>of</strong> our stay, thispart <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> work is necessarily incomplete, it ishoped that a future <strong>voyage</strong>r will derive considerable assistance from it, in his intercourse with<strong>the</strong> natives.The drawings <strong>of</strong> scenery <strong>and</strong> costume weremade by Mr. William Havell, <strong>the</strong> eminent artistwho accompanied <strong>the</strong> Embassy, from sketchestaken on <strong>the</strong> spot, by Mr. C. W. Browne, midshipman <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Alceste, <strong>and</strong> myself.Nothing respecting <strong>the</strong> <strong>west</strong> side <strong>of</strong> Coreahas hi<strong>the</strong>r<strong>to</strong> been accurately known <strong>to</strong> Europeans.bIX
X PREFACE.The <strong>coast</strong> laid down in most Charts has beentaken from <strong>the</strong> celebrated map <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Jesuits,which is very correct in what relates <strong>to</strong> China.«/ 'but erroneous with respect <strong>to</strong> Corea. The Jesuits, indeed, did not survey this country, buthave inserted it in <strong>the</strong>ir map, I believe, fromJapanese authorities.PREFACE. XIsionary, on <strong>the</strong> subject <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Loo-choo Isl<strong>and</strong>s,in <strong>the</strong> 23d vol. <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> " Lettres Edifiantes etCurieuses." It is a translation from <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficialreport <strong>of</strong> a Chinese embassador sent <strong>to</strong> Loo-chooby <strong>the</strong> Emperor Kang Hi; our opportunities,however, were not sufficient <strong>to</strong> enable us <strong>to</strong> judge<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> accuracy <strong>of</strong> this curious memoir.Captain Brough<strong>to</strong>n in his <strong>voyage</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>North Pacific Ocean visited <strong>the</strong> South Coast <strong>of</strong>Corea, <strong>and</strong> his <strong>account</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> inhabitants agreeswith ours in most particulars.The same distinguished <strong>voyage</strong>r visited <strong>the</strong>Great Loo-choo Isl<strong>and</strong> in 1797? after havingbeen shipwrecked near Typinsan, one <strong>of</strong> its dependant isl<strong>and</strong>s. He was at Napakiang for afew days, <strong>and</strong> his <strong>account</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> natives is highlyinteresting.There is an article by Pere Gaubil, a mis-
CONTENTS.NARRATIVE.CHAPTER I.H. M. S. Alceste <strong>and</strong> Lyra leave <strong>the</strong> Yellow Sea on a Voyage <strong>of</strong> Discovery—Sir James Hall's Group on <strong>the</strong> Coast <strong>of</strong> Corea—Unsociable Character <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natives—But<strong>to</strong>n's Isl<strong>and</strong>—Interesting geological Structure—Anchor near <strong>the</strong> Main L<strong>and</strong>—Corean Chief's Visit—Objections made <strong>to</strong>Strangers l<strong>and</strong>ing—Distress <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Chief—His Character—Departure fromBasil's Bay—Clusters <strong>of</strong> Isl<strong>and</strong>s—Murray's Sound—Deserted Corean Village—View from <strong>the</strong> Summit <strong>of</strong> a high Peak—Interview with <strong>the</strong> Coreans—Peculiarities <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir Character—Language—Erroneous geographical Position <strong>of</strong> this Coast—Leave Corea , . . Page 1CHAPTER II.Enter <strong>the</strong> Japan Sea—Sulphur Isl<strong>and</strong>—Volcano—See <strong>the</strong> Great Loo-chooIsl<strong>and</strong>—Lyra nearly wrecked—First Interview with <strong>the</strong> Natives—Anchorat Napakiang—Natives crowd on Board—Their interesting Appearance<strong>and</strong> Manners—Several Chiefs visit <strong>the</strong> Alceste—L<strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong> make Observations—As<strong>to</strong>nishment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natives—Six Chiefs visit <strong>the</strong> Ships—Alceste <strong>and</strong> Lyra proceed far<strong>the</strong>r in Shore—A Chief <strong>of</strong> high Rank waitsupon Captain Maxwell—Return his Visit—Feast—Projected Survey <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>Anchorage—Visit Reef Isl<strong>and</strong>—The Lyra sent <strong>to</strong> look for ano<strong>the</strong>r Harbour.1
XIV CONTENTS.—Arrangements for l<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>the</strong> Alceste's S<strong>to</strong>res—Description <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Temple<strong>and</strong> Garden—First Acquaintance with Madera—Study <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Language 58CHAPTER III.The Lyra sent <strong>to</strong> survey <strong>the</strong> Isl<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> Loo-choo—Discovery <strong>of</strong> Port Melville—Description <strong>of</strong> that Harbour, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Villages on its Banks—Lyranearly wrecked—Interview with Natives at <strong>the</strong> South Point—Return <strong>to</strong>Napakiang—Behaviour <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natives at a Seaman's Funeral—Mfidera'sCharacter <strong>and</strong> Conduct—Sociable Habits <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natives—Dinner given <strong>to</strong><strong>the</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Isl<strong>and</strong> by Captain Maxwell—Modern's Behaviour on thisOccasion—Two Women seen—A Lady <strong>of</strong> Rank visits <strong>the</strong> Boatswain's Wife—Captain Maxwell fractures his Finger—Loo-choo Surgeon—Concern <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> Natives—Visit <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Prince—Discussion about <strong>the</strong> King <strong>of</strong> Loo-choo'sLetter—Mddera appears in a new Character—Feast given by <strong>the</strong> Prince—List <strong>of</strong> Supplies given <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ships—Behaviour <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Prince on takingLeave—Preparations for Departure—M&dera's Distress—Last Interview with<strong>the</strong> Chiefs—Brief Memor<strong>and</strong>ums upon <strong>the</strong> Religion, Manners, <strong>and</strong> Cus<strong>to</strong>ms<strong>of</strong> Loo-choo—Advice <strong>to</strong> a Stranger visiting this Isl<strong>and</strong> . . 135CONTENTS. xvlected at Macao <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ladrone Isl<strong>and</strong>s, on <strong>the</strong> Shores <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Yellow Sea,<strong>the</strong> West Coast <strong>of</strong> Corea, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Great Loo-choo Isl<strong>and</strong> . . cxixVOCABULARY.PART I.—English <strong>and</strong> Loo-choo words.PABT II.—Sentences in English <strong>and</strong> Loo-choo, with a literal Translation.Loo-choo <strong>and</strong> Japanese Numerals—Names <strong>of</strong> Persons at Napakiang—Names<strong>of</strong> Places—Days <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Moon—Orders <strong>of</strong> Rank—Tat<strong>to</strong>o Marks—Hours <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> Day.Comparison between <strong>the</strong> Japanese <strong>and</strong> Loo-choo Languages.Comparison between <strong>the</strong> Loo-choo <strong>and</strong> Insu Languages.Comparison between <strong>the</strong> Loo-choo, Japanese, <strong>and</strong> Insu Languages.Corean Words.APPENDIX.Notice explana<strong>to</strong>ry <strong>of</strong> a Chart <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Gulf <strong>of</strong> Pe-chee-lee . . vNotice <strong>to</strong> accompany <strong>the</strong> Chart <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> West Coast <strong>of</strong> Corea . . xNotice <strong>to</strong> accompany <strong>the</strong> general Chart <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Great Loo-choo Isl<strong>and</strong> in <strong>the</strong>Japan Sea, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Charts <strong>of</strong> Napakiang Roads <strong>and</strong> Port Melville . xviiObservations made at <strong>the</strong> Observa<strong>to</strong>ry at Napakiang . . xxixTable <strong>of</strong> Observations made with Dr. Wolks<strong>to</strong>n's Dip Sec<strong>to</strong>r: with an Engraving, <strong>and</strong> a Description <strong>of</strong> this Instrument, <strong>and</strong> Directions for itsUse ...... xxxiMeteorological Journal, from July <strong>to</strong> November 1816, while <strong>the</strong> Ships werein <strong>the</strong> Yellow <strong>and</strong> Japan Seas ..... liAbstract <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lyra's Voyage, from leaving Engl<strong>and</strong> tilljier Return; shewing <strong>the</strong> Distance between <strong>the</strong> different Places at which she <strong>to</strong>uched, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>Time taken in performing each Passage . . . cixGeological Memor<strong>and</strong>um; being a Description <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Specimens <strong>of</strong> Rocks col-
tDIRECTIONS FOR PLACING THE PLATES.VOYAGESulphur Isl<strong>and</strong>, <strong>to</strong> face <strong>the</strong> Title Page.Corean Chief <strong>and</strong> SecretaryNapakiangLoo-choo Chief <strong>and</strong> his two SonsPriest <strong>and</strong> Gentleman <strong>of</strong> Loo-chooThe Prince <strong>of</strong> Loo-chooScene after <strong>the</strong> Prince's FeastGentleman <strong>of</strong> Loo-choo in his CloakBridge <strong>of</strong> NapakiangTo face Page 16. 77. 97. 132. 176. 196. 215TO THEWEST COAST OF COREA AND THE LOO-CHOOISLANDS.APPENDIX.Chart <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Gulf <strong>of</strong> Pe-chee-leeCoast <strong>of</strong> CoreaChart <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Great Loo-choo Isl<strong>and</strong>Napakiang Roads . • .Port MelvilleWollas<strong>to</strong>n's Dip Sec<strong>to</strong>rERRATA.Page 1, line 2 from bot<strong>to</strong>m, for l lth August, read Qth August.Page 60, <strong>to</strong>p line, for was, read saw.vXxixxxi. xxivxxxiiiAPPENDIX.Meteorological Journal.—Longitude on <strong>the</strong> 1st Sept. for 124.20, read 124.48.The longitudes in <strong>the</strong> Met. Journ. from <strong>the</strong> 3d <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> 7th <strong>of</strong> Sept. inclusive are<strong>to</strong>o small by 15'.VOCABULARY.For Tatesee, read Tatsee.For Teetesep, read Teetsee.For Meetesee, read Meetsee.For Eeotesee, read Eeotsee.For Eeyatesee, read Eeyatsee.For opposite, read under, in <strong>the</strong> note on <strong>the</strong> word Hour.CHAPTER I.H. M. S. Alceste <strong>and</strong> Lyra leave <strong>the</strong> Yellow Sea on a Voyage <strong>of</strong> Discovery—Sir James Hall's Group on <strong>the</strong> Coast <strong>of</strong> Corea—Unsociable Character <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>Natives—But<strong>to</strong>n's Isl<strong>and</strong>—Interesting geological Structure—Anchor near<strong>the</strong> Main L<strong>and</strong>—Corean Chiefs Visit—Objections made <strong>to</strong> Strangers l<strong>and</strong>ing—Distress <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Chief—His Character—Departure from Basil's Bay—Clusters <strong>of</strong> Isl<strong>and</strong>s—Murray's Sound—Deserted Corean Village—View from<strong>the</strong> Summit <strong>of</strong> a high Peak—Interview with <strong>the</strong> Coreans—Peculiarities <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong>ir Character—Language—Erroneous geographical Position <strong>of</strong> this Coast—Leave Corea.THE embassy <strong>to</strong> China, under <strong>the</strong> Right Honourable LordAmherst, left Engl<strong>and</strong> in his Majesty's frigate Alceste,Captain Murray Maxwell, C. B., on <strong>the</strong> 9th <strong>of</strong> February,1816, <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ed near <strong>the</strong> mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Pei-ho river, in <strong>the</strong>Yellow Sea, on <strong>the</strong> llth <strong>of</strong> August. Shortly afterwards <strong>the</strong>Alceste <strong>and</strong> Lyra sloop <strong>of</strong> war, which had accompanied <strong>the</strong>B
VOYAGE TO THEembassy, proceeded <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>coast</strong> <strong>of</strong> Corea, <strong>the</strong> easternboundary <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Yellow Sea; for as <strong>the</strong>se ships were notrequired in China before <strong>the</strong> return <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Embassador byl<strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong> Can<strong>to</strong>n, it was determined <strong>to</strong> devote <strong>the</strong> interval<strong>to</strong> an examination <strong>of</strong> some places in those seas, <strong>of</strong> whichlittle or no precise information <strong>the</strong>n existed. The followingpages give <strong>the</strong> details <strong>of</strong> this <strong>voyage</strong>.1st <strong>of</strong> September.—This morning at daylight <strong>the</strong> l<strong>and</strong><strong>of</strong> Corea was seen in <strong>the</strong> eastern quarter. Having s<strong>to</strong>od<strong>to</strong>wards it, we were at nine o'clock near three high isl<strong>and</strong>s,differing in appearance from <strong>the</strong> country we had left, beingwooded <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p, <strong>and</strong> cultivated in <strong>the</strong> lower parts, butnot in horizontal terraces as at <strong>the</strong> places we had last visited•in China. We proceeded <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> southward <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> group,<strong>and</strong> anchored in a fine bay at <strong>the</strong> distance <strong>of</strong> two or threemiles from <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn isl<strong>and</strong>. Shortly after anchoring, a<strong>to</strong>at came from <strong>the</strong> shore with five or six natives, whos<strong>to</strong>pped, when within fifty yards <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> brig, <strong>and</strong> looking atus with an air <strong>of</strong> curiosity <strong>and</strong> distrust, paid no attention <strong>to</strong><strong>the</strong> signs which were made <strong>to</strong> induce <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong> come alongside. They expressed no alarm when we went <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>m inOur boat; <strong>and</strong> on our rowing <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> shore, followed u&till we l<strong>and</strong>ed near a village. The inhabitants came in abody <strong>to</strong> meet us, forming an odd assemblage, different inCOAST OF COREA.many respects from any thing we had seen; <strong>the</strong>ir colourwas a deep copper, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir appearance forbidding, <strong>and</strong>somewhat savage. Some men, who appeared <strong>to</strong> be superior<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> rest, were distinguished by a hat, <strong>the</strong> brim <strong>of</strong> whichwas nearly three feet in diameter, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> crown, which wasabout nine inches high, <strong>and</strong> scarcely large enough <strong>to</strong> admit<strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> head, was shaped like a sugar-loaf with <strong>the</strong>end cut <strong>of</strong>f. The texture <strong>of</strong> this strange hat is <strong>of</strong> a fineopen work like <strong>the</strong> dragon-fly's wing; it appears <strong>to</strong> bemade <strong>of</strong> horse-hair varnished over, <strong>and</strong> is fastened under<strong>the</strong> chin by a b<strong>and</strong> strung with large beads, mostly black<strong>and</strong> white, but occasionally red or yellow. Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>elderly men wore stiff gauze caps over <strong>the</strong>ir hair, which wasformed in<strong>to</strong> a high conical knot on <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> head.Their dress consisted <strong>of</strong> loose wide trowsers, <strong>and</strong> a sort <strong>of</strong>frock reaching nearly <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> knee, made <strong>of</strong> a coarse open grasscloth, <strong>and</strong> on <strong>the</strong>ir feet neat straw s<strong>and</strong>als. They were <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> middle size, remarkably well made, <strong>and</strong> robust looking.At first <strong>the</strong>y expressed some surprise on examining ourclo<strong>the</strong>s, but afterwards <strong>to</strong>ok very little interest in any thingbelonging <strong>to</strong> us. Their chief anxiety was <strong>to</strong> get rid <strong>of</strong> usas soon as possible. This <strong>the</strong>y expressed in a manner <strong>to</strong>oobvious <strong>to</strong> be mistaken; for, on our wishing <strong>to</strong> enter <strong>the</strong>village, <strong>the</strong>y first made motions for us <strong>to</strong> go <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r way;II
1 • Ill4 VOYAGE TO THE<strong>and</strong> when we persevered, <strong>the</strong>y <strong>to</strong>ok us rudely by <strong>the</strong> arms<strong>and</strong> pushed us <strong>of</strong>f. Being very desirous <strong>to</strong> conciliate <strong>the</strong>m,we shewed no impatience at this treatment; but our forbearance had no effect; <strong>and</strong> after a number <strong>of</strong> vain attempts <strong>to</strong> make ourselves unders<strong>to</strong>od, we went away notmuch pleased at <strong>the</strong>ir behaviour. A Chinese *, who accompanied us, was <strong>of</strong> no use, for he could not read what <strong>the</strong>Coreans wrote for him, though in <strong>the</strong> Chinese character;<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir spoken language he did not underst<strong>and</strong> a word.On leaving <strong>the</strong>se unsociable villagers, we went <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> highest peak on <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>, <strong>the</strong> ascent being easy bya winding foot-path. From this elevation we saw a number<strong>of</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> eastward, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> main l<strong>and</strong> at a great/distance beyond <strong>the</strong>m. The <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hill being coveredwith s<strong>of</strong>t grass <strong>and</strong> sweet-smelling shrubs, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> air,which had been <strong>of</strong> a suffocating heat below, being herecool <strong>and</strong> refreshing, we were tempted <strong>to</strong> sit down <strong>to</strong> ourpic-nic dinner. We returned by <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hill;but <strong>the</strong>re being no path, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> surface rocky <strong>and</strong> steep,<strong>and</strong> covered with a thick brush-wood, we were not a littlescratched <strong>and</strong> bruised before we reached a road which runsalong <strong>the</strong> north face <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hill about midway. By following this, we came <strong>to</strong> a spot from whence we were en-* A servant <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> embassy, left behind by accident at <strong>the</strong> Pei-ho river.COAST OF COREA. 5abled <strong>to</strong> look down upon <strong>the</strong> village, without being ourselvestperceived by <strong>the</strong> natives. The women, who had deserted <strong>the</strong>village on our l<strong>and</strong>ing, had now returned ; most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m werebeating rice in wooden mortars, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>y had all childrentied on <strong>the</strong>ir backs.On a sudden <strong>the</strong>y quitted <strong>the</strong>ir work<strong>and</strong> ran <strong>of</strong>f <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir huts, like rabbits in a warren; <strong>and</strong> ina few minutes we saw one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ship's boats row round <strong>the</strong>point <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong> adjacent <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> village, which explained <strong>the</strong>cause <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir alarm.After remaining for some time inexpectation <strong>of</strong> seeing <strong>the</strong> women again, we caine down <strong>to</strong><strong>the</strong> village, which <strong>the</strong> natives now permitted' us <strong>to</strong> passthrough. On this occasion one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> gentlemen <strong>of</strong> our partysaw, for an instant, a woman at no great distance, whose fee<strong>the</strong> declared were <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> natural size, <strong>and</strong> not cramped asin China.The village consists <strong>of</strong> forty houses rudely constructed <strong>of</strong> reeds plaistered with mud, <strong>the</strong> ro<strong>of</strong>s are <strong>of</strong> allshapes, <strong>and</strong> badly thatched with reeds <strong>and</strong> straw, tied downby straw ropes. These huts are not disposed in streets, butare scattered about without order, <strong>and</strong> without any neatness,or cleanliness, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> spaces between <strong>the</strong>m are occupied bypiles <strong>of</strong> dirt <strong>and</strong> pools <strong>of</strong> muddy water. The valley in whichthis comfortless village is situated is, however, pretty enough,though not wooded; <strong>the</strong> hills forming it are <strong>of</strong> an irregularshape, <strong>and</strong> covered at <strong>to</strong>p with grass <strong>and</strong> sweet-scentedflowers; <strong>the</strong> lower parts are cultivated with millet, buck-
VOYAGE TO THE COAST OF COREA.wheat, a kind <strong>of</strong> French bean* <strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong>bacco, which last growsin great quantity; <strong>and</strong> here <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>re is a young oak-tree.We saw bullocks <strong>and</strong> poultry* but <strong>the</strong> natives wouldnot exchange <strong>the</strong>m for our money, or for any thing we had<strong>to</strong> <strong>of</strong>fer. They refused dollars when <strong>of</strong>fered as a present,<strong>and</strong>, indeed, appeared <strong>to</strong> set no value upon any thing weshewed <strong>the</strong>m, except wine glasses; but even <strong>the</strong>se <strong>the</strong>ywere unwilling <strong>to</strong> receive. One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> head men appearedparticularly pleased with a glass, which, after a good deal <strong>of</strong>persuasion, he accepted, but, in about five minutes after,he, <strong>and</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r man <strong>to</strong> whom a tumbler had been given,came back <strong>and</strong> insisted upon returning <strong>the</strong> presents; <strong>and</strong><strong>the</strong>n, without waiting for fur<strong>the</strong>r persuasion, returned <strong>to</strong><strong>the</strong> village, leaving with us only one man, who, as soon asall <strong>the</strong> rest were out <strong>of</strong> sight, accepted one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> glasseswith much eagerness.These people have a proud sort <strong>of</strong> carriage, with an air<strong>of</strong> composure <strong>and</strong> indifference about <strong>the</strong>m, <strong>and</strong> an absence<strong>of</strong> curiosity which struck us as being very remarkable.Sometimes when we succeeded, by dint <strong>of</strong> signs <strong>and</strong> drawings, in expressing <strong>the</strong> nature <strong>of</strong> a question, <strong>the</strong>y treated*it with derision <strong>and</strong> insolence. On one occasion, beinganxious <strong>to</strong> buy a clumsy sort <strong>of</strong> rake made <strong>of</strong> reeds,which appeared <strong>to</strong> me curious, I succeeded in explainingmy wish <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> owner, one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lo<strong>west</strong> class <strong>of</strong> villagers ; he laughed at first good humouredly, but immediately afterwards seized <strong>the</strong> rake which was in my h<strong>and</strong>,<strong>and</strong> gave it a rude push <strong>to</strong>wards me with a disdainful fling<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> arm, accompanying this gesticulation by words,which seemed <strong>to</strong> imply a desire <strong>to</strong> give any thing uponcondition <strong>of</strong> our going away. One man expressed <strong>the</strong>general wish for our departure, by holding up a piece <strong>of</strong>paper like a sail, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n blowing upon it in <strong>the</strong> direction<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> wind, at <strong>the</strong> same time pointing <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> ships, <strong>the</strong>rebydenoting that <strong>the</strong> wind was fair, <strong>and</strong> that we had only <strong>to</strong>set sail <strong>and</strong> leave <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>. Several <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> people weremarked with <strong>the</strong> small-pox. The children kept out <strong>of</strong> ourreach at first, but before we went away, <strong>the</strong>ir fears had,in some degree, subsided, for <strong>the</strong> boys, who, from <strong>the</strong>irfeminine appearance, were mistaken at first for girls, accompanied us <strong>to</strong> some distance from <strong>the</strong> village.Captain Maxwell named <strong>the</strong>se isl<strong>and</strong>s Sir James Hall'sgroup, in compliment <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> President <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Royal Society <strong>of</strong> Edinburgh. They lie in longitude 124° 46' E. <strong>and</strong>latitude 37° 30' N.At eight o'clock in <strong>the</strong> evening we weighed <strong>and</strong> s<strong>to</strong>od <strong>to</strong><strong>the</strong> southward, but as <strong>the</strong> <strong>coast</strong> was quite unknown, we keptra<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong>fshore during <strong>the</strong> night, <strong>and</strong> in <strong>the</strong> morning no l<strong>and</strong>was in sight. On <strong>the</strong> 2d we s<strong>to</strong>od <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> eastward, but notI
8 VOtAGE TO THEhaving daylight enough <strong>to</strong> get in with <strong>the</strong> <strong>coast</strong>, it becamenecessary <strong>to</strong> anchor for <strong>the</strong> night, though in deep water.3d <strong>of</strong> September.—Having reached nearly lat. 361 N.<strong>and</strong> long. 126 E. we sailed this morning amongst a range<strong>of</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s extending as far as <strong>the</strong> eye could reach, both <strong>to</strong><strong>the</strong> southward <strong>and</strong> northward, at <strong>the</strong> distance <strong>of</strong> six orseven leagues from <strong>the</strong> main l<strong>and</strong>.By two o'clock wewere close <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> outer cluster <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> passages appearing clear between <strong>the</strong>m, we sailed through<strong>and</strong> anchored inside.While passing one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se isl<strong>and</strong>sin <strong>the</strong> ships, at no great distance, it looked so curiouslyformed, that, on anchoring, we went in <strong>the</strong> boats <strong>to</strong> examineits structure more minutely *. While we were thus engaged,* We found <strong>the</strong> north-east end composed <strong>of</strong> a fine-grained granite; <strong>the</strong>middle <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> a brittle micaceous schistus <strong>of</strong> a deep blue colour; <strong>the</strong>strata are nearly horizontal, but dip a little <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> S. W. This body <strong>of</strong> stratais cut across by a granite dyke, at some places forty feet wide, at o<strong>the</strong>rs notabove ten; <strong>the</strong> strata in <strong>the</strong> vicinity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dyke are broken <strong>and</strong> bent in a remarkable manner; this dislocation <strong>and</strong> con<strong>to</strong>rtion does not extend far from <strong>the</strong>walls <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dyke, but veins <strong>of</strong> granite branch out from it <strong>to</strong> a great distance,varying in width from three feet <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> hundredth part <strong>of</strong> an inch: <strong>the</strong> dyke isvisible from <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cliff <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> water's edge, but does not re-appear on<strong>the</strong> corresponding cliff <strong>of</strong> an isl<strong>and</strong> opposite <strong>to</strong> it, though distant only thirtyyards. This isl<strong>and</strong> is composed <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same schistus, <strong>and</strong> is cut in a verticaldirection by a whin dyke, four feet wide, <strong>the</strong> planes <strong>of</strong> whose sides lie N. E.<strong>and</strong> S. W., being at right angles <strong>to</strong> those <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> great granite dyke in <strong>the</strong> neighbourhood, which run S. E. <strong>and</strong> N. W. The strata contiguous <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> whindyke are a good deal twisted <strong>and</strong> broken, but not in <strong>the</strong> same degree as at <strong>the</strong>ircontact with <strong>the</strong> granite dyke.COAST OF COREA. 9<strong>the</strong> natives had assembled in a crowd on <strong>the</strong> edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>cliff above us; <strong>the</strong>y did not seem pleased with our occupation <strong>of</strong> breaking <strong>the</strong>ir rocks, for, from <strong>the</strong> moment weThe whin dyke is formed <strong>of</strong> five layers or sets <strong>of</strong> prisms laid across in <strong>the</strong>usual way. Beyond <strong>the</strong> small isl<strong>and</strong> cut by <strong>the</strong> whin dyke, at <strong>the</strong> distance <strong>of</strong>only forty or fifty feet, we came <strong>to</strong> an isl<strong>and</strong> rising abruptly out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sea, <strong>and</strong>presenting a high rugged cliff <strong>of</strong> breccia, fronting that on which <strong>the</strong> granite dykeis so conspicuous: <strong>the</strong> junction <strong>of</strong> this rock with <strong>the</strong> schistus cut by <strong>the</strong> granite<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> whin would have been interesting; but although we must have been attimes within a few yards <strong>of</strong> it, <strong>the</strong> actual contact was every where hid by <strong>the</strong> sea,The whole <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> S. W. end <strong>of</strong> this isl<strong>and</strong> is formed <strong>of</strong> breccia, being an assemblage <strong>of</strong> angular <strong>and</strong> water-worn pieces <strong>of</strong> schistus, quartz, <strong>and</strong> some o<strong>the</strong>rrocks, <strong>the</strong> whole having <strong>the</strong> appearance <strong>of</strong> a great shingle beach. The fragments<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> schistus in this rock are similar <strong>to</strong> that which forms <strong>the</strong> cliff first spoken <strong>of</strong>.The <strong>the</strong>ory which presented itself <strong>to</strong> us on <strong>the</strong> spot was, that <strong>the</strong> great mass<strong>of</strong> strata which forms <strong>the</strong> centre <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong> was formerly at <strong>the</strong> bot<strong>to</strong>m <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ocean; <strong>and</strong> that <strong>the</strong> <strong>west</strong>ern part, which is now a firm breccia, had been a beachshingle produced by <strong>the</strong> action <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> waves on <strong>the</strong> strata: <strong>the</strong> granite whichforms <strong>the</strong> eastern end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong> had been forced in<strong>to</strong> its present situationfrom beneath <strong>the</strong> strata, with sufficient violence <strong>to</strong> dislocate <strong>and</strong> con<strong>to</strong>rt <strong>the</strong> bedsnearest <strong>to</strong> it, <strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong> inject <strong>the</strong> liquid granite in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> rents formed by <strong>the</strong> heavingaction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> strata as <strong>the</strong>y were raised up. It is natural <strong>to</strong> suppose that <strong>the</strong> raggededges <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> strata forming <strong>the</strong> sides <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se cracks would be subjected '<strong>to</strong> agrinding action, from which <strong>the</strong> strata more remote might be exempted; <strong>and</strong> inthis way we may <strong>account</strong> for <strong>the</strong> extraordinary twisting, <strong>and</strong> separation <strong>of</strong> massesalong <strong>the</strong> whole course <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> granite dyke. In <strong>the</strong> dyke, as well as in <strong>the</strong> veinswhich branch from it, <strong>the</strong>re are numerous isl<strong>and</strong>s <strong>of</strong> schistus. That this lastwas s<strong>of</strong>tened, seems <strong>to</strong> follow from <strong>the</strong> frequent instances which occur <strong>of</strong> itsbeing bent back upon itself without producing cracks. The same heat, propagated by <strong>the</strong> melted granite in <strong>the</strong> neighbourhood, may also be supposed <strong>to</strong>have reduced <strong>the</strong> shingle beach <strong>to</strong> a state <strong>of</strong> semifusion by <strong>the</strong> aid <strong>of</strong> some fluxcontained in <strong>the</strong> s<strong>and</strong> scattered amongst it. We could not discover any circumstance by which <strong>the</strong> relative antiquity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> two dykes mentioned above, couldbe ascertained.
VOYAGE TO THE COAST OF COREA. 11l<strong>and</strong>ed, <strong>the</strong>y never ceased <strong>to</strong> indicate by shouts, screams,<strong>and</strong> all kinds <strong>of</strong> gesticulations, that <strong>the</strong> sooner we quitted<strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> better; <strong>the</strong> cliff being 200 feet high, <strong>and</strong>nearly perpendicular, it was fortunate for us that <strong>the</strong>y conn-fined <strong>the</strong>mselves <strong>to</strong> signs <strong>and</strong> clamour, <strong>and</strong> did not think <strong>of</strong>enforcing <strong>the</strong>ir wishes by a shower <strong>of</strong> s<strong>to</strong>nes.As soon as we had completed our investigation <strong>of</strong> thisspot, we went round in <strong>the</strong> boats <strong>to</strong> a small bay where <strong>the</strong>rewas good l<strong>and</strong>ing. Here we were met by <strong>the</strong> natives, whoaddressed several long speeches <strong>to</strong> us in a very loud <strong>to</strong>ne <strong>of</strong>voice; <strong>to</strong> which we replied in English, that our wish wasmerely <strong>to</strong> look at <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>, without interfering with anybody; at <strong>the</strong> same time we proceeded up a foot-path <strong>to</strong><strong>the</strong> brow <strong>of</strong> a hill. This <strong>the</strong> natives did not seem at all <strong>to</strong>relish, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>y made use <strong>of</strong> a sign which was sufficientlyexpressive <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir anxiety, though we could not determineexactly <strong>to</strong> whom it referred. They drew <strong>the</strong>ir fans across<strong>the</strong>ir own throats, <strong>and</strong> sometimes across ours, as if <strong>to</strong>signify that our going on would lead <strong>to</strong> heads being cut<strong>of</strong>f; but whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong>y or we were <strong>to</strong> be <strong>the</strong> sufferers wasnot apparent. It was suggested by one <strong>of</strong> our party that<strong>the</strong>y dreaded being called <strong>to</strong> <strong>account</strong> by <strong>the</strong>ir own chiefsfor permitting us <strong>to</strong> l<strong>and</strong>. All <strong>the</strong>se signs, however, did notprevent our advancing till we had reached <strong>the</strong> brow <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>\l\c\hill <strong>to</strong> which <strong>the</strong> path led; from this place we had a view<strong>of</strong> a village at <strong>the</strong> distance <strong>of</strong> half a mile, <strong>of</strong> a much betterappearance than that above described. Trees were interspersed among <strong>the</strong> houses, which were pleasantly situatedat <strong>the</strong> bot<strong>to</strong>m <strong>of</strong> a little cove, with fishing-boats at anchornear it. We explained readily enough that our wish was <strong>to</strong>go <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> village, but it was all in vain, for <strong>the</strong>ir anxietyincreased every moment, <strong>and</strong> we desisted from any fur<strong>the</strong>rattempts <strong>to</strong> advance.The dress <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se people is a loose white robe, clothshoes, <strong>and</strong> a few wear <strong>the</strong> broad hats before described; bymost <strong>the</strong> hair is tied in a high conical knot on <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> head, but by o<strong>the</strong>rs it is allowed <strong>to</strong> fly loose, so as <strong>to</strong>give <strong>the</strong>m a wild appearance. Some confine <strong>the</strong> short hairby a small gauze b<strong>and</strong> with a star on one side, forming, alongwith <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p knot, ra<strong>the</strong>r a becoming head-dress. Theirbeards <strong>and</strong> whiskers which, apparently, had never been cut,<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir fans <strong>and</strong> long <strong>to</strong>bacco-pipes, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir strangelanguage <strong>and</strong> manners, gave a grotesque air <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> wholegroup, which it is impossible <strong>to</strong> describe. They crowdedabout us, <strong>and</strong>, by repeated shouts, manifested <strong>the</strong>ir surpriseat <strong>the</strong> form <strong>and</strong> texture <strong>of</strong> our clo<strong>the</strong>s; but on a watch beingshewn, <strong>the</strong>y disregarded every thing else, <strong>and</strong> entreated <strong>to</strong>be allowed <strong>to</strong> examine it closely. It was evidently <strong>the</strong> first
I V12 VOYAGE TO THE<strong>the</strong>y had seen, <strong>and</strong> some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m while watching <strong>the</strong> secondh<strong>and</strong>, looked as if <strong>the</strong>y thought it alive. From <strong>the</strong> watch<strong>the</strong>y proceeded <strong>to</strong> examine <strong>the</strong> seals <strong>and</strong> keys; with <strong>the</strong>former <strong>the</strong>y shewed <strong>the</strong>mselves acquainted by pressing <strong>the</strong>mon <strong>the</strong>ir h<strong>and</strong>s, so as <strong>to</strong> cause an impression. Their attentionwas drawn away from <strong>the</strong> watch by our firing a musket,which made <strong>the</strong> whole party fall back several paces.After amusing ourselves in this manner for some time,we walked back <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> boats, <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> great joy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> natives,who encouraged us by all means <strong>to</strong> hasten our departure.They <strong>to</strong>ok our h<strong>and</strong>s <strong>and</strong> helped us over <strong>the</strong> slippery s<strong>to</strong>neson <strong>the</strong> beach; <strong>and</strong>, on perceiving one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> boats aground,several <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m stript <strong>and</strong> jumped in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> water <strong>to</strong> pushher <strong>of</strong>f. This gave us an opportunity <strong>of</strong> observing <strong>the</strong>ir remarkable symmetry <strong>and</strong> firmness <strong>of</strong> limb; yet, as <strong>the</strong>ir longhair was allowed <strong>to</strong> flow about <strong>the</strong>ir neck <strong>and</strong> shoulders,<strong>the</strong>ir appearance was truly savage. During this visit we sawno women; but <strong>the</strong> children came round us without shewingany symp<strong>to</strong>ms <strong>of</strong> fear. The people, upon <strong>the</strong> whole, aremore free, <strong>and</strong> not so surly as our acquaintance on Sir JamesHall's group. They have a singular cus<strong>to</strong>m <strong>of</strong> speaking witha loud <strong>to</strong>ne, amounting almost <strong>to</strong> a shout. Captain Maxwell named this isl<strong>and</strong> after Dr. Hut<strong>to</strong>n <strong>the</strong> geologist.4th <strong>of</strong> September.—During all last night it remained per-COAST OF COREA. 13fectly calm. At nine o'clock in <strong>the</strong> morning we got underweigh with a fine sea breeze, <strong>and</strong> s<strong>to</strong>od in for <strong>the</strong> l<strong>and</strong>,leaving on ei<strong>the</strong>r h<strong>and</strong> many well cultivated isl<strong>and</strong>s. Themain l<strong>and</strong> seems <strong>to</strong> be populous, from <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> largevillages Avhich we passed, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> cultivation which extendsa considerable way up <strong>the</strong> mountains. Our object thismorning was <strong>to</strong> discover some safe anchoring place in <strong>the</strong>main l<strong>and</strong>, but we were obliged <strong>to</strong> <strong>coast</strong> along for a considerable distance before any opening appeared. About threeo'clock we sailed round a point <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> discovered a bay,which, at first sight, promised shelter, but <strong>the</strong> water proved<strong>to</strong>o shallow even for <strong>the</strong>- Lyra, <strong>and</strong> we anchored far out infive fathoms. The natives who had assembled in crowds on<strong>the</strong> point shouted <strong>to</strong> us as we passed, in seeming anger a<strong>to</strong>ur approaching so near. This bay is about four miles indiameter, <strong>and</strong> is skirted by large villages built amongsttrees, <strong>and</strong> surrounded by cultivated districts, forming al<strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r a scene <strong>of</strong> considerable beauty.As soon as <strong>the</strong> Alceste had anchored, Captain Maxwell,Mr. Clifford, <strong>and</strong> I, went <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> nearest village in<strong>the</strong> bay. On approaching <strong>the</strong> shore we observed a great -bustle among <strong>the</strong> inhabitants on <strong>the</strong> shore, as well as in <strong>the</strong>boats at anchor <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> village. The people on <strong>the</strong> beachhastily jumped in<strong>to</strong> canoes, whilst those in <strong>the</strong> large boatsweighed <strong>the</strong> anchors, <strong>and</strong> pulled out with such expedition, as
14 VOYAGE TO THE<strong>to</strong> meet us in a body before we were near <strong>the</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing-place.Every boat was crowded with people, <strong>and</strong> ornamented withnumerous flags <strong>and</strong> streamers; but one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m being distinguished by a large blue umbrella, we steered <strong>to</strong>wardsit, on <strong>the</strong> supposition that this was an emblem <strong>of</strong> rank; inwhich opinion we were soon confirmed by <strong>the</strong> sound <strong>of</strong>music, which played only on board this boat. On comingcloser, we saw a fine patriarchal figure seated under <strong>the</strong> umbrella ', his full white beard covered his breast, <strong>and</strong> reachedbelow his middle; his robe or mantle, which was <strong>of</strong> bluesilk, <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> an immense size, flowed about him in a magnificent style. His sword was suspended from his waist bya small belt, but <strong>the</strong> insignia <strong>of</strong> his <strong>of</strong>fice appeared <strong>to</strong> bea slender black rod tipped with silver, about a foot <strong>and</strong> ahalf long, with a small lea<strong>the</strong>r thong at one end, <strong>and</strong> apiece <strong>of</strong> black crape tied <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r: this he held in hish<strong>and</strong>. His hat exceeded in breadth <strong>of</strong> brim any thing wehad yet met with, being, as we supposed, nearly three feetacross.As this was evidently <strong>the</strong> chief <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> party, we pulledalongside <strong>and</strong> got in<strong>to</strong> his boat, where he received us withmuch politeness; but as he looked dissatisfied at this proceeding, we returned <strong>to</strong> our own boat, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>re carriedon <strong>the</strong> conference. While we were endeavouring <strong>to</strong> makeourselves unders<strong>to</strong>od, <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r boats gradually separated,COAST OF COREA. 15<strong>and</strong> began <strong>to</strong> form a circle round us. Apprehendingtreachery, we prepared our arms, <strong>and</strong> pushed <strong>of</strong>f <strong>to</strong> a littledistance. The old gentleman, perceiving this, looked aboutvery innocently <strong>to</strong> discover <strong>the</strong> cause <strong>of</strong> our alarm; <strong>and</strong> atlength being made aware by our signs <strong>of</strong> what was <strong>the</strong>matter, he comm<strong>and</strong>ed all <strong>the</strong> boats <strong>to</strong> go <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r side.We now remained a considerable time without being able <strong>to</strong>make ourselves unders<strong>to</strong>od ; for <strong>the</strong> Chinese whom we hadwith us was quite ignorant <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir language. We endeavoured, by pointing <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> shore, <strong>to</strong> signify our desire <strong>to</strong>l<strong>and</strong>, while <strong>the</strong> old Chief, by similar signs, expressed hiswish <strong>to</strong> go <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> ships. We accordingly rowed <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lyra,which lay nearer <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> shore than <strong>the</strong> Alceste, When <strong>the</strong>Chiefs boat was within ten yards <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> brig, <strong>the</strong>y let go<strong>the</strong>ir anchor, <strong>and</strong> threw a rope on board her, by which <strong>the</strong>ydrew <strong>the</strong> boat alongside in a very seaman-like style. Theold man did not find it an easy matter <strong>to</strong> get up <strong>the</strong> ship'sside, encumbered as he was with his splendid robes; he wasno sooner on board, however, than we were crowded with<strong>the</strong> natives, who boarded us on all sides. Some climbed up<strong>the</strong> rigging, so as <strong>to</strong> overlook <strong>the</strong> quarter-deck; o<strong>the</strong>rs go<strong>to</strong>n <strong>the</strong> poop, <strong>and</strong> a line was formed along <strong>the</strong> hammocknetting from one end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> brig <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r. As <strong>the</strong> evening was fine, it was thought best <strong>to</strong> entertain <strong>the</strong> venerable
16 VOYAGE TO THEChief upon deck, ra<strong>the</strong>r than give him <strong>the</strong> trouble <strong>of</strong> goingdown <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> cabin, which, indeed, we had reason <strong>to</strong> fearwould prove <strong>to</strong>o small for <strong>the</strong> party. Chairs were accordingly placed upon <strong>the</strong> deck; but <strong>the</strong> Chief made signs tha<strong>the</strong> could not sit on a chair, nor would he consent for atime <strong>to</strong> use his mat, which was brought on board by one <strong>of</strong>his attendants. He seemed embarrassed <strong>and</strong> displeased,which we could not at <strong>the</strong> moment <strong>account</strong> for, though ithas since occurred <strong>to</strong> us that he objected <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> publicity<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> conference. At length, however, he sat down onhis mat, <strong>and</strong> began talking with great gravity <strong>and</strong> composure, without appearing in <strong>the</strong> smallest degree sensiblethat we did not underst<strong>and</strong> a single word that he said. We<strong>of</strong> course could not think <strong>of</strong> interrupting him, <strong>and</strong> allowedhim <strong>to</strong> talk on at his leisure; but when his discourse wasconcluded, he paused for our reply, which we made wi<strong>the</strong>qual gravity in English; upon this he betrayed great impatience at his harangue having been lost upon us, <strong>and</strong>supposing that we could, at all events, read, he called <strong>to</strong>his secretary, <strong>and</strong> began <strong>to</strong> dictate a letter. The secretarysat down before him with all due formality, <strong>and</strong> havingrubbed his cake <strong>of</strong> ink upon a s<strong>to</strong>ne, drawn forth his pen,<strong>and</strong> arranged a long roll <strong>of</strong> paper upon his knee, began<strong>the</strong> writing, which was at length completed, partly from <strong>the</strong>COREAH CHIEF
COAST OF COREA. 17directions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Chief, <strong>and</strong> partly from his own ideas, aswell as <strong>the</strong> occasional suggestions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> byst<strong>and</strong>ers. Thewritten part was <strong>the</strong>n <strong>to</strong>rn <strong>of</strong>f from <strong>the</strong> scroll <strong>and</strong> h<strong>and</strong>ed<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Chief, who delivered it <strong>to</strong> me with <strong>the</strong> utmost con_fidence <strong>of</strong> its being unders<strong>to</strong>od: but his mortification <strong>and</strong>disappointment were extreme on perceiving that he hadoverrated our acquirements *.* Note on <strong>the</strong> peculiar character <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> written language In that quarter<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> globe.In China, Japan, Corea, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s in <strong>the</strong> adjacent seas, <strong>the</strong> spokenlanguages are different from one ano<strong>the</strong>r; <strong>the</strong> written language, on <strong>the</strong> contrary, is <strong>the</strong> same in all. Thus a native <strong>of</strong> China is unintelligible <strong>to</strong> a Coreanor Japanese, while he is speaking, but <strong>the</strong>y mutually underst<strong>and</strong> one ano<strong>the</strong>rwhen <strong>the</strong>ir thoughts are expressed in writing. The cause <strong>of</strong> this may be thusexplained. We in Europe form an idea in <strong>the</strong> mind, <strong>and</strong> this we express bycertain sounds, '.vhich differ in different countries; <strong>the</strong>se sounds are committed<strong>to</strong> writing by means <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> letters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> alphabet, which are only symbols <strong>of</strong>sounds, <strong>and</strong>, consequently, a writing in Europe is unintelligible <strong>to</strong> every onewho is ignorant <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> spoken language in which it happens <strong>to</strong> be written. TheChinese <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r natives in <strong>the</strong>se seas have, on <strong>the</strong> contrary, no alphabet;no symbols <strong>of</strong> sounds; <strong>the</strong>ir ideas are committed <strong>to</strong> writing at once without <strong>the</strong>intervention <strong>of</strong> sound, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir characters may <strong>the</strong>refore be called symbols <strong>of</strong>ideas. Now, as <strong>the</strong> same characters are adopted in all <strong>the</strong>se countries <strong>to</strong> express<strong>the</strong> same ideas, it is clear that <strong>the</strong>ir writings will be perfectly intelligible <strong>to</strong> eacho<strong>the</strong>r, although <strong>the</strong>ir spoken languages may be quite incomprehensible.The case <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Roman numerals in Europe furnishes a ready illustration <strong>of</strong>this symbolical language. There is nothing in <strong>the</strong> symbols 1, 2, 3, Sec. by which<strong>the</strong>ir pronunciation can be ascertained when presented <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> eye, yet <strong>the</strong>y communicate meaning independent <strong>of</strong> sound, <strong>and</strong> are respectively intelligible <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>inhabitants <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> different countries <strong>of</strong> Europe; while, at <strong>the</strong> same time, <strong>the</strong>sounds by which a native <strong>of</strong> one country distinguishes <strong>the</strong> written symbols 1, %}&; &c. are unintelligible <strong>to</strong> all <strong>the</strong> rest.
VOYAGE TO THEA debate now appeared <strong>to</strong> take place between <strong>the</strong> Chief<strong>and</strong> his followers, as <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> mode <strong>of</strong> communicating with us;meanwhile, as we ourselves were equally at a loss, webecame anxious <strong>to</strong> relieve <strong>the</strong> old man's embarrassment,by shewing him all <strong>the</strong> attention in our power, <strong>and</strong> completely succeeded in putting him in<strong>to</strong> a good humour, bygiving him some cherry br<strong>and</strong>y, <strong>and</strong> distributing rum <strong>to</strong>his people.While <strong>the</strong>se attempts at explanation were going on, <strong>the</strong>crowd <strong>of</strong> natives increased, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir curiosity became sogreat, that <strong>the</strong>y pressed round us in a way nowise agreeable. Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m roved about <strong>the</strong> ship, <strong>and</strong> appearedhighly entertained with every thing <strong>the</strong>y saw. The Chiefhimself, however, did not appear at ease, but continuedgiving directions <strong>to</strong> his <strong>of</strong>ficers <strong>and</strong> people about him withan air <strong>of</strong> impatience. He more than once ordered <strong>the</strong>mall in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir boats, but <strong>the</strong>y always returned after a fewminutes. One man persevered in climbing over <strong>the</strong> ham-The knowledge <strong>of</strong> writing is supposed <strong>to</strong> be very generally diffused over <strong>the</strong>countries using what is called <strong>the</strong> Chinese character, <strong>and</strong>, as probably none but<strong>the</strong> lo<strong>west</strong> vulgar are ignorant <strong>of</strong> it, <strong>the</strong> surprise <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se people on discoveringour inability <strong>to</strong> read <strong>the</strong>ir papers is very natural. The case, we may imagine,had never occurred <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>m before, <strong>and</strong> it was highly interesting <strong>to</strong> watch <strong>the</strong>effect which so novel an incident produced. At first <strong>the</strong>y appeared <strong>to</strong> doubt <strong>the</strong>fact <strong>of</strong> our ignorance, <strong>and</strong> shewed some symp<strong>to</strong>ms <strong>of</strong> impatience; but thisopinion did not last long, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>y remained completely puzzled, looking ateach o<strong>the</strong>r with an odd expression <strong>of</strong> surprise.COAST OF COREA. 19mocks, close <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Chief, <strong>to</strong> see what was going on. Thenoise made <strong>to</strong> keep him back attracted <strong>the</strong> Chiefs attention,who immediately gave orders <strong>to</strong> one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> attendants forhis being taken away; it will be seen by <strong>and</strong> by what washis fate.The persons forming <strong>the</strong> suite <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Chief were dressednearly in <strong>the</strong> same manner as himself, excepting that <strong>the</strong>irrobes were white, <strong>and</strong> did not contain such a pr<strong>of</strong>usion <strong>of</strong>cloth. They wore <strong>the</strong> large hats <strong>and</strong> wide trowsers tiedabove <strong>the</strong> ancle, with cot<strong>to</strong>n shoes turned up. a little at <strong>the</strong><strong>to</strong>e. The immediate attendants, who seemed also <strong>to</strong> besoldiers, were differently clo<strong>the</strong>d: over a loose pink frockwith wide sleeves, <strong>the</strong>y have ano<strong>the</strong>r which fits closer, <strong>and</strong> iswithout sleeves, <strong>the</strong> corners being tucked up, like <strong>the</strong> skirts<strong>of</strong> some military uniforms. Their hat is a broad flat conemade <strong>of</strong> thick grass, <strong>the</strong> under part being embossed withdifferent coloured silks, <strong>and</strong> from a gilt ornament on <strong>the</strong>peak <strong>the</strong>re hangs a tassel made <strong>of</strong> peacock's fea<strong>the</strong>rs, <strong>and</strong>ano<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> hair dyed red: some are armed with bows <strong>and</strong>arrows, o<strong>the</strong>rs with only a straight sword, having no guardfor <strong>the</strong> h<strong>and</strong>. A coarse frock without sleeves, <strong>and</strong> trowsers,or ra<strong>the</strong>r drawers, covering <strong>the</strong> thigh, are worn by <strong>the</strong>lower orders.It was nearly dark when <strong>the</strong> Chief gave directions for
Iff•Jl20 VOYAGE TO THEpreparing <strong>the</strong> boats, at <strong>the</strong> same time calling <strong>to</strong> two <strong>of</strong> hisattendants <strong>to</strong> assist him <strong>to</strong> get on his legs. Each <strong>to</strong>ok anarm, <strong>and</strong> in this way^ succeeded in raising him up, whichwas no sooner observed by <strong>the</strong> people, than <strong>the</strong>y^ jumpedin<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir boats with <strong>the</strong> utmost alacrity, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Chief,after many bows <strong>and</strong> salams, walked in<strong>to</strong> his boat. Thisdid not give him so much trouble as he had experienced oncoming on board, for a platform <strong>of</strong> gratings <strong>and</strong> planks hadbeen prepared for his accommodation during his visit, anattention Avith which he seemed much pleased. So far allseemed well; but <strong>the</strong>re was still something amiss, for <strong>the</strong> oldman, seated in state under his umbrella, remained alongsidewith his attendants ranged on <strong>the</strong> deck about him, he <strong>and</strong> hispeople preserving <strong>the</strong> most perfect silence, <strong>and</strong> making nosigns <strong>to</strong> explain his wishes. We were greatly puzzled <strong>to</strong>discover what <strong>the</strong> old gentleman wanted, till at length itwas suggested, that having paid us a visit, he expected asimilar compliment in return. This idea was no soonerstarted, than we proceeded <strong>to</strong> pay^ our respects <strong>to</strong> him inhis boat. He made signs for us <strong>to</strong> sit down, honouring usat <strong>the</strong> same with a corner <strong>of</strong> his own mat. When we wereseated, he looked about as if in distress at having nothing<strong>to</strong> entertain us with, upon which a bottle <strong>of</strong> wine was sentfor <strong>and</strong> given <strong>to</strong> him. He ordered an attendant <strong>to</strong> pour itCOAST OF COREA. 21in<strong>to</strong> several bowls, <strong>and</strong> putting <strong>the</strong> bottle away., made signsfor us <strong>to</strong> drink, but would not taste it himself till all <strong>of</strong> ushad been served. He was nowise discomposed at beingobliged <strong>to</strong> entertain his company at <strong>the</strong>ir own expense; on <strong>the</strong>contrary, he carried <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> whole affair with so much cheerfulness <strong>and</strong> ease, as <strong>to</strong> make us suspect sometimes that hesaw <strong>and</strong> enjoyed <strong>the</strong> oddity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> scene <strong>and</strong> circumstances,as fully as we did ourselves.After sitting about ten minutes, we left <strong>the</strong> Chief ingreat good humour, <strong>and</strong> returned on board, thinking, <strong>of</strong>course, that he would go straight <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> shore; but in thiswe were much mistaken, for we had no sooner left him,than he pushed <strong>of</strong>f <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> distance <strong>of</strong> ten or twelve yards,<strong>and</strong> calling <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r boats round him, gave orders for inflicting <strong>the</strong> discipline <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bamboo upon <strong>the</strong> unfortunateculprit, who had been ordered in<strong>to</strong> confinement during <strong>the</strong>conference. This exhibition, which it was evidently intended we should witness, had a very ludicrous effect, for itfollowed so much in train with <strong>the</strong> rest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ceremony,<strong>and</strong> was carried on with so much gravity <strong>and</strong> order, that itlooked like an essential part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> etiquette. During <strong>the</strong> infliction <strong>of</strong> this punishment, a pr<strong>of</strong>ound silence was observedby all <strong>the</strong> party, except by five or six persons immediatelyabout <strong>the</strong> delinquent, whose cries <strong>the</strong>y accompanied by a
i r22 VOYAGE TO THEsort <strong>of</strong> song or yell at each blow <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bamboo. Thisspeedy execution <strong>of</strong> justice was, no doubt, intended <strong>to</strong>impress us with high notions <strong>of</strong> Corean discipline.As it was now quite dark, we did not expect <strong>the</strong> Chief<strong>to</strong> pay any more visits this evening; but we underrated hispoliteness, for <strong>the</strong> moment <strong>the</strong> above scene was concluded,he steered for <strong>the</strong> Alceste. Captain Maxwell, who during all<strong>the</strong> time had been on board <strong>the</strong> Lyra, hurried in<strong>to</strong> his boat <strong>to</strong>be prepared <strong>to</strong> give him a proper reception in his ship, <strong>and</strong>had just time <strong>to</strong> change his jacket for a coat <strong>and</strong> epaulettes,before <strong>the</strong> Chief arrived. After climbing up <strong>the</strong> ship's sidewith some difficulty, <strong>and</strong> being received in due form on <strong>the</strong>quarter-deck, which was lighted up, he was h<strong>and</strong>ed in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>foremost cabin, where he was met by Captain Maxwell, <strong>and</strong>conducted <strong>to</strong> a seat in <strong>the</strong> after cabin. As he declinedsitting on a chair, he was obliged <strong>to</strong> wait for his mat, <strong>and</strong>,in <strong>the</strong> meantime, looked round him in amaze at <strong>the</strong> magnificence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> apartments. The change <strong>of</strong> dress made himbehave <strong>to</strong>wards Captain Maxwell as <strong>to</strong> a perfect stranger;but <strong>the</strong> moment he recognised him, he appeared muchamused with his mistake, <strong>and</strong> his manners became less reserved. He now turned about <strong>to</strong> see what was become <strong>of</strong>his mat, <strong>and</strong> was as<strong>to</strong>nished <strong>to</strong> find himself alone with us in<strong>the</strong>'Cabin. It was <strong>the</strong>n discovered that <strong>the</strong> sentry at <strong>the</strong>COAST OF COREA. 23door, in repressing <strong>the</strong> crowd <strong>of</strong> his followers, had found itimpossible <strong>to</strong> distinguish his more immediate attendants,<strong>and</strong> had <strong>the</strong>refore allowed nobody <strong>to</strong> pass.The door being opened, <strong>the</strong> mat-bearer <strong>and</strong> four <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>principal people were called in by <strong>the</strong> Chief; <strong>and</strong> when wewere all fairly seated on <strong>the</strong> deck, <strong>the</strong> secretary was directed<strong>to</strong> prepare a writing, which was dictated <strong>and</strong> delivered muchin <strong>the</strong> same manner as before. Whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> presentation <strong>of</strong>a written paper was considered by <strong>the</strong> Chief as a necessarypiece <strong>of</strong> etiquette, or whe<strong>the</strong>r he really had more hopes <strong>of</strong>being unders<strong>to</strong>od on this occasion than before, was quiteuncertain; but <strong>the</strong> mode adopted by Captain Maxwell <strong>to</strong>undeceive him was conclusive. He immediately called forpaper, <strong>and</strong> wrote upon it in English, " I do not underst<strong>and</strong>one word that you say," <strong>and</strong> presented this paper in return,with all <strong>the</strong> forms <strong>and</strong> ceremonies that had been adopted<strong>to</strong>wards himself. The Chief, on receiving it, examined <strong>the</strong>characters with great attention, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n made signs that itwas wholly unintelligible, alternately looking at <strong>the</strong> paper<strong>and</strong> at Captain Maxwell with an inquiring air, <strong>and</strong> wasonly made sensible <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> awkward dilemma in which wewere placed, by observing Captain Maxwell repeat all hislooks <strong>and</strong> gestures as equally applicable <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Coreanwriting which he held in his h<strong>and</strong>*.* This paper, presented by <strong>the</strong> Corean Chief, has been translated by MrMomson at Can<strong>to</strong>n, <strong>and</strong> is as follows: "Persons, <strong>of</strong> what l<strong>and</strong>-<strong>of</strong> what
VOYAGE TO THEThe Chief had now recourse <strong>to</strong> signs, which he used everafterwards. He was in great spirits, <strong>and</strong> seemed entertainedwith <strong>the</strong> efforts which were made <strong>to</strong> please him. He asked <strong>to</strong>look at a mirror which had caught his attention; when it wasput in<strong>to</strong> his h<strong>and</strong>s, he seemed very well satisfied with <strong>the</strong>figure which it presented, <strong>and</strong> continued for some time pulling his beard from side <strong>to</strong> side with an air <strong>of</strong> perfect complacency. One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> attendants thought <strong>the</strong>re could be noharm in looking at <strong>the</strong> mirror, likewise, but <strong>the</strong> Chief was <strong>of</strong>a different opinion, <strong>and</strong> no sooner observed what he wasdoing, than he very angrily made him put down <strong>the</strong> glass <strong>and</strong>leave <strong>the</strong> cabin. The secretary <strong>to</strong>o fell under his displeasure,<strong>and</strong> was reprim<strong>and</strong>ed with much acrimony for overlooking ourpaper when we were writing. Scarcely five minutes elapsed,in short, during his stay, without his finding some cause <strong>of</strong>complaint against his people; but we could not determinewhe<strong>the</strong>r this arose from mere captiousness, or was done <strong>to</strong>give us a higher notion <strong>of</strong> his consequence, because, in <strong>the</strong>intervals, he was all cheerfulness <strong>and</strong> good humour. Hewas <strong>of</strong>fered tea <strong>and</strong> cherry br<strong>and</strong>y, which he <strong>to</strong>ok alongAvith us, <strong>and</strong> appeared at his ease in every respect. Wethought that he made signs, implying a wish for us <strong>to</strong> visithim on shore; <strong>to</strong> this we cheerfully assented, <strong>and</strong> an arrangement for l<strong>and</strong>ing in <strong>the</strong> morning was made accord-COAST OF COREA. 25ingly by means <strong>of</strong> similar signs, with which <strong>the</strong> Chief appeared' much pleased, <strong>and</strong> rose <strong>to</strong> go away.He had not got much beyond <strong>the</strong> cabin-door, however,before <strong>the</strong> serenity <strong>of</strong> his temper was once more overturned.On passing <strong>the</strong> gun-room sky-light, he heard <strong>the</strong> voices <strong>of</strong>some <strong>of</strong> his people whom <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers had taken below, <strong>and</strong>who were enjoying <strong>the</strong>mselves very merrily amongst <strong>the</strong>irnew acquaintance. The old Chief looked down, <strong>and</strong> observing<strong>the</strong>m drinking <strong>and</strong> making a noise, he called <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>m in aloud passionate voice, which made <strong>the</strong>m leave <strong>the</strong>ir glasses,<strong>and</strong> run up <strong>the</strong> ladder in great terror. From <strong>the</strong>nce <strong>the</strong>alarm spread along <strong>the</strong> lower deck, <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> midshipmen'sbirth, where ano<strong>the</strong>r party was carousing. The grog <strong>and</strong>wine with which <strong>the</strong>y had been entertained was <strong>to</strong>o potentfor this party, as <strong>the</strong>y did not seem <strong>to</strong> care much for <strong>the</strong> oldChief, who, posting himself at <strong>the</strong> hatchway, ascertained,by personal examination, who <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fenders were. On thisoccasion, his little rod <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice was <strong>of</strong> much use; he pushed<strong>the</strong> people about with it <strong>to</strong> make <strong>the</strong>m speak, <strong>and</strong> used it<strong>to</strong> turn <strong>the</strong>m round, in order <strong>to</strong> discover <strong>the</strong>ir faces. Oneman watching his opportunity when <strong>the</strong> Chief was punchingaway at somebody who had just come up, slipped past <strong>and</strong>ran <strong>of</strong>f; but <strong>the</strong> quick eye <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old man was not so easilydeceived, <strong>and</strong> he set <strong>of</strong>f in chase <strong>of</strong> him round <strong>the</strong> quarter" nation (are you) ? On <strong>account</strong> <strong>of</strong> what business do you come hi<strong>the</strong>r ? In <strong>the</strong>" ship are <strong>the</strong>re any literary men who thoroughly underst<strong>and</strong>, <strong>and</strong> can explain" what is written?"
26 VOYAGE TO THEdeck. The man had an apron full <strong>of</strong> biscuit, which hadbeen given <strong>to</strong> him by <strong>the</strong> midshipmen; this impeded hisrunning, so that <strong>the</strong> Chief, notwithst<strong>and</strong>ing his robes, at lastcame up with him; but while he was stirring him up withhis rod, <strong>the</strong> fellow slipped his cargo <strong>of</strong> bread in<strong>to</strong> a coil <strong>of</strong>rope, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n went along with <strong>the</strong> Chief quietly enough.The old man came back afterwards, <strong>and</strong> found <strong>the</strong> biscuit,which he pointed out <strong>to</strong> us, <strong>to</strong> shew that it had not beentaken away.He continued for some time at <strong>the</strong> hatchway, expectingmore people; but finding none come up, he went belowhimself, <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> main deck, <strong>and</strong> rummaged under <strong>the</strong> guns<strong>and</strong> round <strong>the</strong> main-mast, <strong>to</strong> discover whe<strong>the</strong>r any one wasconcealed ; but finding no person <strong>the</strong>re, he came again upondeck, <strong>and</strong> shortly after went in<strong>to</strong> his boat.On returning <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lyra, we found a number <strong>of</strong> boatsanchored round her, which looked as if <strong>the</strong>y meant <strong>to</strong> keepstrict watch over us. We went in our boat <strong>to</strong> one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m,where we found <strong>the</strong> crew asleep. They seemed <strong>to</strong> havehad orders not <strong>to</strong> follow <strong>the</strong> Chief <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> frigate, <strong>and</strong> werehere waiting his return. On our pointing <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> shore, <strong>and</strong>making signs that <strong>the</strong> old man with <strong>the</strong> long beard <strong>and</strong>large hat had l<strong>and</strong>ed, <strong>the</strong>y began immediately <strong>to</strong> get <strong>the</strong>iranchor up, <strong>and</strong> called <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r boats <strong>to</strong> do <strong>the</strong> same.COAST OF COREA. 27In a few minutes <strong>the</strong>y were all at work, <strong>and</strong> every personin <strong>the</strong> boats joined in repeating <strong>the</strong> two words " ho 37 a, ho ya,"<strong>the</strong> effect <strong>of</strong> which, from a great many voices, was notun pleasing.The cable in <strong>the</strong>se boats is wound round a large reel orbarrel; <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> ends <strong>of</strong> which two wheels with h<strong>and</strong>les are fitted,which enables a considerable number <strong>to</strong> apply <strong>the</strong>ir strengthat <strong>the</strong> same moment. The anchor is made <strong>of</strong> a dark coloured,heavy wood, with a long shank <strong>and</strong> flukes, <strong>and</strong> a short s<strong>to</strong>ckcrossing <strong>the</strong> former, near <strong>the</strong> crown <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> anchor, <strong>and</strong> notat <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> shank, as with us in Europe. The matsails are divided in<strong>to</strong> horizontal divisions by slender pieces<strong>of</strong> bamboo. When not under sail, <strong>the</strong> boats are moved byoars having a circular piece <strong>of</strong> wood tied <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> end, <strong>and</strong> aresteered by a large scull over <strong>the</strong> stern. The bow is squareabove, but rises from <strong>the</strong> water in a slope, making a smallangle with <strong>the</strong> water, like <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> a coal barge, bu<strong>to</strong>verhanging more. The planks are fastened <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r bymeans <strong>of</strong> square tree-nails, which pass in a slanting directionthrough <strong>the</strong> plank, <strong>and</strong> not straight, as with us.5th <strong>of</strong> September.—A considerable bustle was observedon shore at daybreak this morning; <strong>and</strong> shortly afterwards,we saw <strong>the</strong> old Chief <strong>and</strong> his suite embark, <strong>and</strong> pull <strong>to</strong>wardsus, accompanied by a numerous fleet <strong>of</strong> smaller boats, all
I28 VOYAGE TO THEornamented with showy flags, <strong>and</strong> crowded with people ingay <strong>and</strong> bright coloured garments, forming, upon <strong>the</strong> whole,a splendid <strong>and</strong> imposing scene. As <strong>the</strong> procession movedslowly along, <strong>the</strong> b<strong>and</strong> in <strong>the</strong> Chief's boat struck up a lively,martial sort <strong>of</strong> air, on instruments similar <strong>to</strong> those we hadheard last night; <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>ne <strong>of</strong> which is not unlike <strong>the</strong> drawlingsound <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bagpipe, <strong>the</strong> bass or drone being produced bya long horn, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> squeaking sounds by four trumpets,two <strong>of</strong> which have s<strong>to</strong>ps in <strong>the</strong> middle, by which <strong>the</strong> notesare distinctly marked.The Chiefs visit was so unexpectedly early, that we hadnot put things in order for his reception, before he wasalongside: he came on board, however, <strong>and</strong> seemed happyat being allowed <strong>to</strong> walk about <strong>the</strong> decks, <strong>and</strong> examineevery thing at his leisure. When <strong>the</strong> cabin was ready, <strong>and</strong><strong>the</strong> Chief seemed <strong>to</strong> have satisfied himself with lookinground <strong>the</strong> upper deck, he was asked <strong>to</strong> walk down ; whichhe complied with as soon as he unders<strong>to</strong>od what was meant.But he found it no easy matter <strong>to</strong> get down <strong>the</strong> narrowhatchway, in which <strong>the</strong>re was barely room for his hat; butthis he would by no means take <strong>of</strong>f. As he entered <strong>the</strong>cabin, his robes <strong>and</strong> hat completely filled <strong>the</strong> door-way;<strong>and</strong> when seated at <strong>the</strong> table, (for he now made no objection<strong>to</strong> a chair) he occupied no inconsiderable portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>?COAST OF COREA. 29whole apartment. He sat here for some time, <strong>and</strong> examinedevery thing in <strong>the</strong> cabin with great attention, pointing with<strong>the</strong> little stick whenever he saw any thing which he wanted<strong>to</strong> look at more closely. In this way, <strong>the</strong> books, globes,glasses, &c. were put in<strong>to</strong> his h<strong>and</strong>s; <strong>and</strong> it was not a littleamusing <strong>to</strong> see <strong>the</strong> old gentleman wheeling <strong>the</strong> globesround, <strong>and</strong> hunting over <strong>the</strong> books for pictures, like a child.A person <strong>of</strong> rank who accompanied <strong>the</strong> Chief this morning,was asked <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> cabin along with him ; <strong>and</strong> was no soonerseated, than we observed that he had a very sickly look;which circumstance was <strong>the</strong> cause <strong>of</strong> a curious mistake.It had been supposed that <strong>the</strong> Chief, during last night's .conference, made allusions <strong>to</strong> some friend <strong>of</strong> his who wasunwell; <strong>and</strong> accordingly, in our arrangements for <strong>the</strong> morning,it was proposed <strong>to</strong> take <strong>the</strong> doc<strong>to</strong>rs <strong>of</strong> both ships on shore,<strong>to</strong> visit him. As <strong>the</strong> Chief had himself come on board, ourplans for l<strong>and</strong>ing were interrupted, <strong>and</strong> we ascribed thisearly visit <strong>to</strong> his anxiety on <strong>account</strong> <strong>of</strong> his friend's health.It was <strong>the</strong>refore taken for granted, that this sickly lookingcompanion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Chief, who, some how or o<strong>the</strong>r, got <strong>the</strong> title<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> " Courtier," amongst us, was <strong>the</strong> patient alluded <strong>to</strong>last night; <strong>and</strong> no sooner were <strong>the</strong> first compliments overin <strong>the</strong> cabin, than <strong>the</strong> doc<strong>to</strong>r was sent for <strong>to</strong> prescribe. Onhis being introduced, <strong>the</strong> Courtier was made <strong>to</strong> hold out his
30 VOYAGE TO THE<strong>to</strong>ngue, have his pulse felt, <strong>and</strong> submit <strong>to</strong> various interroga<strong>to</strong>ries, <strong>the</strong> object <strong>of</strong> which <strong>the</strong> unfortunate man couldnot divine, particularly as <strong>the</strong>re was nothing at all <strong>the</strong>matter with him. He submitted with so much patience <strong>to</strong>all <strong>the</strong>se forms, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Chief looked on with such gravepropriety during all <strong>the</strong> examination, that <strong>the</strong>y evidentlyconsidered <strong>the</strong> whole scene as a part <strong>of</strong> our ceremonialetiquette. When this gentleman was released from <strong>the</strong>&doc<strong>to</strong>r's h<strong>and</strong>s, he began <strong>to</strong> examine <strong>the</strong> books with <strong>the</strong> air<strong>of</strong> a person who underst<strong>and</strong>s what he is about. He appeareddesirous <strong>of</strong> passing for a literary character; <strong>and</strong> observingus h<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> books about in a careless manner, ventured <strong>to</strong>ask for one, by drawing it <strong>to</strong>wards himself with a begginglook. As he happened <strong>to</strong> select a volume <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Encyclopaedia Britannica, I was under <strong>the</strong> necessity <strong>of</strong> refusing; but<strong>of</strong>fered in its stead a less valuable, though more showybook, which he accepted with much gratitude. No return,<strong>of</strong> course, had been looked for, <strong>and</strong> I was for a moment at aloss <strong>to</strong> underst<strong>and</strong> what my friend meant, by slipping hisfan in<strong>to</strong> my h<strong>and</strong>, under <strong>the</strong> table. He did this in somysterious a way, when <strong>the</strong> Chief was looking in ano<strong>the</strong>rdirection, that I saw it was his wish <strong>to</strong> conceal what he haddone, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> fan was sent privately away. But unfortunately, my precaution was fruitless, for a few minutesCOAST OF COREA. 31afterwards, on finding <strong>the</strong> crowded cabin very hot, I calledfor a fan, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> servant, unconscious <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mischief hewas doing, brought <strong>the</strong> Courtier's present; which no soonermet <strong>the</strong> old man's eye, than he rose half <strong>of</strong>f his chair, <strong>and</strong>gave his unhappy companion such a look <strong>of</strong> furious anger,as made him tremble from <strong>to</strong>p <strong>to</strong> <strong>to</strong>e: but he was soonpacified when he saw that we <strong>to</strong>ok an interest in <strong>the</strong>question, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Courtier was allowed <strong>to</strong> keep his book.After sitting half an hour, <strong>and</strong> drinking a glass <strong>of</strong>Constantia, <strong>the</strong> old man proposed <strong>to</strong> go upon deck. Iaccordingly led <strong>the</strong> way, <strong>and</strong> had gone some steps up <strong>the</strong>ladder, in advance, before I perceived that he had s<strong>to</strong>ppedat <strong>the</strong> door <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> gun-room, where <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers mess, <strong>and</strong>was looking in, with his usual curiosity. I begged him <strong>to</strong>go in, which he accordingly did, <strong>and</strong> entertained himselffor some time, with looking over <strong>the</strong> different cabins <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><strong>of</strong>ficers. From having observed <strong>the</strong> pleasure which he <strong>to</strong>okin <strong>the</strong> sight <strong>of</strong> any thing new, I was induced <strong>to</strong> propose hisgoing round <strong>the</strong> lower deck, <strong>and</strong> he looked quite pleasedwhen I pointed along <strong>the</strong> passage. The state hat, whichhad been resolutely kept on during all this time, notwithst<strong>and</strong>ing its perpetual inconvenience <strong>to</strong> himself <strong>and</strong> everyone around him, was here destined <strong>to</strong> come <strong>of</strong>f; for aftermaking two or three attempts, he found it impossible <strong>to</strong> get
•_ v32 VOYAGE TO THEalong <strong>and</strong> wear <strong>the</strong> hat <strong>to</strong>o; <strong>and</strong> being <strong>of</strong> a very inquisitivedisposition, he chose <strong>the</strong> degrading alternative <strong>of</strong> beinguncovered, <strong>and</strong> his researches proceeded without interruption. Nothing escaped <strong>the</strong> old man's observation;whatever was shut or tied up, he requested <strong>to</strong> have opened ;<strong>and</strong> in this way he rummaged <strong>the</strong> midshipmen's chests, <strong>and</strong><strong>the</strong> sailors' bags, all along <strong>the</strong> lower deck. He looked in<strong>to</strong><strong>the</strong> holds, <strong>to</strong>ok <strong>the</strong> lid <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> boilers, <strong>and</strong> turned everything <strong>to</strong>psy-turvy. Seeing a cutlass tied <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> deck,overhead, he <strong>to</strong>ok it down, <strong>and</strong> on drawing it from <strong>the</strong>scabbard, its lustre, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> keenness <strong>of</strong> its edge, surprised<strong>and</strong> delighted him so much, that I asked him <strong>to</strong> accept it.At first he seemed willing enough, but after holding a consultation with <strong>the</strong> Courtier for five minutes, he reluctantlyput it back again. As he went along, he <strong>to</strong>ok samples <strong>of</strong>every thing that he could easily put in<strong>to</strong> his sleeve, whichserved him instead <strong>of</strong> a sack; so that when he came upondeck, he was pretty well loaded, <strong>and</strong> looked about with <strong>the</strong>satisfaction <strong>of</strong> a school-boy, on having visited a show for <strong>the</strong>first time in his life.Whilst we were below, one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> natives had been busilyemployed in taking <strong>the</strong> dimensions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ship with a string,<strong>and</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r person was engaged under him, taking an<strong>account</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> guns, shot, <strong>and</strong> rigging, all which details heCOAST OF COREA. 33wrote down; but not being able <strong>to</strong> ascertain, himself, <strong>the</strong>exact number <strong>of</strong> people on board, he had recourse <strong>to</strong>me for <strong>the</strong> information; this I communicated by openingeight times <strong>the</strong> fingers <strong>of</strong> both h<strong>and</strong>s. The only part <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> ship <strong>to</strong> which he had not free access was <strong>the</strong> cabinunder <strong>the</strong> poop, <strong>and</strong> from which he felt much annoyed atbeing excluded: but when <strong>to</strong>ld that a gentleman was shaving<strong>the</strong>re, he shewed himself quite satisfied with <strong>the</strong> explanation, <strong>and</strong> waited patiently until <strong>the</strong> door was opened <strong>to</strong> him.The old gentleman <strong>and</strong> his followers appearing anxious<strong>to</strong> see a shot fired, an eighteen pound carronade was loadedbefore <strong>the</strong>m, <strong>and</strong> discharged with <strong>the</strong> muzzle so muchdepressed, that <strong>the</strong> shot struck <strong>the</strong> water close <strong>to</strong> us, <strong>and</strong><strong>the</strong>n rose <strong>and</strong> fell eight or ten times, <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> great entertainment <strong>and</strong> surprise <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> whole party. In <strong>the</strong> mean time,Captain Maxwell had come on board, <strong>and</strong> breakfast beingready, we prevailed upon <strong>the</strong> Chief <strong>to</strong> sit down with us.He ate heartily <strong>of</strong> our hashes, <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> every thing else thatwas put before him, using a knife, fork, <strong>and</strong> spoon, whichhe now saw, probably, for <strong>the</strong> first time in his life, not onlywithout awkwardness, but <strong>to</strong> such good purpose, that hedeclined exchanging <strong>the</strong>m for Chinese chop-sticks, whichwere provided for him. In fact, he was so determined <strong>to</strong>adopt our cus<strong>to</strong>ms in every respect, that when <strong>the</strong> tea wasF
34 VOYAGE TO THE<strong>of</strong>fered <strong>to</strong> him in <strong>the</strong> Chinese way, he looked <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> right <strong>and</strong>left, <strong>and</strong> seeing ours differently prepared, held up his cup<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> servant, for milk arid sugar, which being given <strong>to</strong> him,<strong>the</strong> old gentleman remained perfectly satisfied;The politeness <strong>and</strong> ease with which he accommodatedhimself <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> habits <strong>of</strong> people so different from himself,were truly admirable; <strong>and</strong> when it is considered, thathi<strong>the</strong>r<strong>to</strong>, in all probability, he was ignorant even <strong>of</strong> ourexistence, his propriety <strong>of</strong> manners should seem <strong>to</strong> point,not only <strong>to</strong> high rank in society, but <strong>to</strong> imply also a degree<strong>of</strong> civilization in that society, not confirmed by o<strong>the</strong>r circumstances. Be this as it may, <strong>the</strong> incident is curious, asshewing, that however different <strong>the</strong> state <strong>of</strong> society may bein different countries, <strong>the</strong> forms <strong>of</strong> politeness are much alikein all. This polished character was very well sustained by <strong>the</strong>old Chief; as he was pleased with our attempts <strong>to</strong> oblige him,<strong>and</strong> whatever we seemed <strong>to</strong> care about, he immediately <strong>to</strong>okan interest in. He was very inquisitive, <strong>and</strong> was alwayshighly gratified when he discovered <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> any thingwhich had puzzled him at first. But <strong>the</strong>re was no idle surprise, no extravagant bursts <strong>of</strong> admiration, <strong>and</strong> he certainlywould be considered a man <strong>of</strong> good breeding, <strong>and</strong> keen observation, in any part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> world. Towards his own people,indeed, he was harsh <strong>and</strong> impatient at all times; but thisCOAST OF COREA. 35may have arisen from his anxiety that no <strong>of</strong>fence should begiven <strong>to</strong> us by <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r natives, whom he might know wereless delicate <strong>and</strong> considerate than himself, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>reforerequired constant control.When breakfast was over, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> old man once moreupon deck, we endeavoured <strong>to</strong> signify <strong>to</strong> him that we meant<strong>to</strong> l<strong>and</strong>, according <strong>to</strong> our engagement yesterday evening;but this he ei<strong>the</strong>r did not, or would not comprehend; forwhenever we pointed <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> shore, he directed ourattention <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> frigate. At length he got in<strong>to</strong> his boat,pushed <strong>of</strong>f, <strong>and</strong> was making for <strong>the</strong> Alceste, when CaptainMaxwell followed in his boat, <strong>and</strong> drawing up alongside <strong>of</strong>him, tried <strong>to</strong> prevail upon him <strong>to</strong> accompany us <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>village: <strong>the</strong> Chief shook his head by way <strong>of</strong> disapprobation,<strong>and</strong> turning <strong>to</strong>wards his attendants, entered in<strong>to</strong> a discussionwith <strong>the</strong>m, which terminated by <strong>the</strong> Courtier <strong>and</strong> himselfstepping in<strong>to</strong> Captain Maxwell's boat.We ascribed this measure <strong>to</strong> a desire on <strong>the</strong> Chief's part<strong>to</strong> show publicly that he had not himself invited us onshore, arid had only acceded <strong>to</strong> our request <strong>to</strong> l<strong>and</strong>. Wehad not proceeded far before <strong>the</strong> Chief repented <strong>of</strong> hisready compliance, <strong>and</strong> tried <strong>to</strong> persuade us <strong>to</strong> return; butfinding <strong>the</strong> ordinary signs <strong>of</strong> no avail, he held his headdown <strong>and</strong> drew his h<strong>and</strong> across his throat, as if his head
36 VOYAGE TO THEwas <strong>to</strong> be cut <strong>of</strong>f. It was now our turn not <strong>to</strong> comprehendsigns, <strong>and</strong> thinking it would be idle <strong>to</strong> lose so favourable anopportunity, spared no pains <strong>to</strong> reconcile <strong>the</strong> old man <strong>to</strong>our l<strong>and</strong>ing. In this, however, we did not succeed, for, aswe approached <strong>the</strong> shore, his anxiety increased, <strong>and</strong> hefrequently drew his h<strong>and</strong> across his neck, as if <strong>to</strong> shew tha<strong>the</strong> would lose his head if we persisted. We again tried <strong>to</strong>re-assure him, by explaining that we had no intention <strong>of</strong>going near <strong>the</strong> village, but merely desired <strong>to</strong> walk about fora short time, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n <strong>to</strong> go <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> frigate <strong>to</strong> dine. Hewas <strong>of</strong> course included in this invitation; but bis onlyanswer consisted in pointing <strong>to</strong> us <strong>and</strong> making signs <strong>of</strong>eating, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n drawing his h<strong>and</strong> across his throat;by which he was unders<strong>to</strong>od <strong>to</strong> mean, that it might be verywell for us <strong>to</strong> talk <strong>of</strong> eating, but, for his part, he was takenup with <strong>the</strong> danger <strong>of</strong> losing his head. We could not butlaugh at this, as we had no notion <strong>of</strong> any such apprehensionbeing well grounded; <strong>and</strong>, in a short time, l<strong>and</strong>ed at <strong>the</strong>distance <strong>of</strong> half a mile from <strong>the</strong> village.The old man was lifted out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> boat by several <strong>of</strong> hispeople, <strong>and</strong> we were amazed <strong>to</strong> find, when <strong>the</strong>y set himdown, that he was in tears, <strong>and</strong> looking al<strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r veryunhappy. In a few minutes a crowd, consisting, <strong>of</strong> morethan a hundred people, assembled round us, <strong>and</strong> we beganCOAST OF COREA. 37<strong>to</strong> think we should pay dearly for our curiosity. But <strong>the</strong>poor old man had no thoughts <strong>of</strong> vengeance, <strong>and</strong> was nobetter pleased with <strong>the</strong> crowd than we were; for turning <strong>to</strong>his soldiers, he desired <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong> disperse <strong>the</strong> mob, which<strong>the</strong>y did in a moment by pelting <strong>the</strong>m with great s<strong>to</strong>nes.> The Chief now began crying violently, <strong>and</strong> turning <strong>to</strong>wards<strong>the</strong> village walked away, leaning his head on <strong>the</strong> shoulder <strong>of</strong>one <strong>of</strong> his people. As he went along, he not only sobbed<strong>and</strong> wept, but every now <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n bellowed aloud. Wehad been nowise prepared for such a scene, <strong>and</strong> were extremely sorry for having pushed matters <strong>to</strong> this extremity.It had never occurred <strong>to</strong> us that <strong>the</strong> old Chiefs head wasreally in danger; <strong>and</strong> even now we could not satisfy ourselves whe<strong>the</strong>r he was sincere, or merely acting in order <strong>to</strong>prevail on us <strong>to</strong> retire. The perfect tranquillity, nay evencheerfulness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Courtier, who staid with us all this time,puzzled us extremely: nor could we <strong>account</strong> for <strong>the</strong> indifference <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r attendants, who looked on with asmuch composure as if such scenes were every day occurrences. But at all events, it was necessary before proceeding any fur<strong>the</strong>r, that <strong>the</strong> old man should be pacified;<strong>and</strong> in order <strong>to</strong> effect this, we sat down on <strong>the</strong> beach, uponwhich he turned about <strong>and</strong> came crying back again. Heseated himself by us, <strong>and</strong> waited very patiently whilst weremonstrated on <strong>the</strong> unreasonableness <strong>of</strong> his conduct, <strong>and</strong>
36 VOYAGE TO THEcontrasted <strong>the</strong> reception he had met with from us, with hispresent un<strong>account</strong>able behaviour. This was expressed bya dumb show acting <strong>of</strong> all that had taken place since wecame <strong>to</strong> anchor in <strong>the</strong> bay; <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>se signs we thoughtmight be intelligible <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Chief, because <strong>the</strong>y were so <strong>to</strong>all <strong>of</strong> us, although no words were used. The signs used bydifferent nations, however, are <strong>of</strong>ten dissimilar when <strong>the</strong>same thing is <strong>to</strong> be expressed: <strong>and</strong> it happened frequentlywith us that all attempts at explanation failed, on both sides,though <strong>the</strong> signs used appeared <strong>to</strong> be unders<strong>to</strong>od by all <strong>the</strong>people <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same nation with <strong>the</strong> person making <strong>the</strong> signs.The old man made a long speech in reply; in <strong>the</strong> coursewhich <strong>the</strong> beheading sign was frequently repeated. It iscurious that he invariably held his h<strong>and</strong>s <strong>to</strong>wards his throatafter he had gone through this motion, <strong>and</strong> appeared <strong>to</strong>wash his h<strong>and</strong>s in his blood : probably he did this in imitation <strong>of</strong> some ceremony used at executions.Upon one occasion <strong>the</strong> Chief endeavoured <strong>to</strong> explainsomething <strong>to</strong> us which had a reference <strong>to</strong> a period <strong>of</strong> twodays; this he did by pointing <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> sun, making a motiontwice from east <strong>to</strong> <strong>west</strong>, <strong>and</strong>, at <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> each time,closing his eyes as if asleep. This sign was variously interpreted : some believed it <strong>to</strong> mean that in two days hishead would be taken <strong>of</strong>f: o<strong>the</strong>rs imagined that in two daysa communication might be made <strong>to</strong> his government, <strong>and</strong>COAST OF COREA. 39that orders for our reception would be transmitted. Whatever might have been meant by this particular sign, itseems very probable that some general instructions were inforce along <strong>the</strong> whole <strong>of</strong> this <strong>coast</strong> by which <strong>the</strong> treatment<strong>of</strong> strangers is regulated. The promptitude with which wewere met at this place, where, perhaps, no ship ever wasbefore, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> pertinacity with which our l<strong>and</strong>ing was opposed, seem <strong>to</strong> imply an extraordinary degree <strong>of</strong> vigilance<strong>and</strong> jealousy on <strong>the</strong> part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> government.We expressed a desire <strong>to</strong> eat <strong>and</strong> drink, in <strong>the</strong> hopes <strong>of</strong>working on <strong>the</strong> old man's hospitality, <strong>and</strong>, perhaps, inducing him <strong>to</strong> entertain us in his house; but he made nomotion <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> village, <strong>and</strong> merely sent <strong>of</strong>f a servantfor some water <strong>and</strong> a few small cockles. When this sorryfere was laid on <strong>the</strong> beach, <strong>the</strong> old gentleman made signsfor us <strong>to</strong> begin; but we did not choose <strong>to</strong> be pleased ei<strong>the</strong>r »with <strong>the</strong> entertainment itself, or with <strong>the</strong> place <strong>and</strong> mannerin which it had been served. We explained <strong>to</strong> him that<strong>the</strong> proper place <strong>to</strong> eat was in a house, <strong>and</strong> not on a wetdirty beach; he made no <strong>of</strong>fer, however, <strong>of</strong> any o<strong>the</strong>r; butleaning his head pensively on his h<strong>and</strong>s, seemed entirelyresigned <strong>to</strong> his fate.The case was now utterly ^ hopeless; <strong>and</strong> after an ineffectual attempt <strong>to</strong> cheer him up, we went on board, as
40 VOYAGE TO THE<strong>the</strong> last, <strong>and</strong> indeed only favour we could grant him. Thuswe quitted this inhospitable shore, after a stay <strong>of</strong> not quitean hour, in which time we had never been twenty yardsfrom our own boats. We saw <strong>the</strong> village, however, <strong>to</strong> someadvantage; it is neatly built, <strong>and</strong> very pleasantly situatedunder fine trees, in a valley cultivated like a garden, insmall square patches.It was now determined <strong>to</strong> prosecute <strong>the</strong> <strong>voyage</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>southward, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lyra was accordingly ordered <strong>to</strong> proceedas usual <strong>to</strong> sound <strong>the</strong> passages a-head <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> frigate, but hadnot gone far before <strong>the</strong> Alceste, still at anchor, was observed <strong>to</strong> be surrounded with boats. In about an hour sheweighed <strong>and</strong> s<strong>to</strong>od <strong>to</strong> sea. Captain Maxwell had receivedano<strong>the</strong>r visit from <strong>the</strong> old Chief, whose appearance was described as being quite altered; his sprightliness <strong>and</strong> curiosityall gone, <strong>and</strong> his easy unceremonious manner exchanged forcold <strong>and</strong> stately civility: he looked embarrassed <strong>and</strong> unhappy, as it appeared, from an apprehension <strong>of</strong> having<strong>of</strong>fended Captain Maxwell. When this was discovered, nopains were spared <strong>to</strong> convince him that, in this respect, <strong>the</strong>rewas not <strong>the</strong> slightest cause for uneasiness. He would notaccept any presents, but appeared much relieved by <strong>the</strong>unexpected kindness with which he was received, <strong>and</strong>before he went away, was res<strong>to</strong>red, in some degree, <strong>to</strong> hisCOAST OF COREA. 41wonted spirits. When looking over <strong>the</strong> books in <strong>the</strong> cabin,he was a good deal taken with <strong>the</strong> appearance <strong>of</strong> a Bible,but when <strong>of</strong>fered <strong>to</strong> him he declined it, though with suchevident reluctance, that it was again shewn <strong>to</strong> him just ashe was pushing <strong>of</strong>f in his boat, <strong>and</strong> he now received it wi<strong>the</strong>very appearance <strong>of</strong> gratitude, <strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong>ok his leave in amanner quite friendly.We quitted this bay without much regret. The oldChief, indeed, with his flowing beard, <strong>and</strong> pompous array,<strong>and</strong> engaging manners, had made a strong impression uponus all; but his pitiable <strong>and</strong> childish distress, whatever mighthave been <strong>the</strong> cause, <strong>to</strong>ok away from <strong>the</strong> respect with whichwe were o<strong>the</strong>rwise disposed <strong>to</strong> regard him: yet this circumstance, though it makes <strong>the</strong> picture less finished, serves<strong>to</strong> give it additional interest; whilst every thing ridiculousin <strong>the</strong> old man's character is lost in <strong>the</strong> painful uncertaintywhich hangs over his fate.From this bay we steered amongst <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s, during all<strong>the</strong> 6th <strong>and</strong> 7th, <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> S. W. before <strong>the</strong> natives were metwith again; we saw <strong>the</strong>m indeed, but never got near enough<strong>to</strong> converse with <strong>the</strong>m. They were frequently observed seatedin groups watching us on <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s which we passed. Wesaw several fishing-boats, with a crew <strong>of</strong> about a dozen men,crowded on a sort <strong>of</strong> poop. At a little distance <strong>the</strong>se boatsG
M VOYAGE TO THE0appeared <strong>to</strong> be formed <strong>of</strong> two vessels lashed <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r. Thisappearance we believe <strong>to</strong> be caused by <strong>the</strong>ir having an outrigger on one side, on which <strong>the</strong>ir oars, sails, <strong>and</strong> masts arepiled, in order probably <strong>to</strong> keep <strong>the</strong> boat clear when <strong>the</strong>yare at anchor fishing. Their mast is lowered down <strong>and</strong>hoisted up by means <strong>of</strong> a strong tackle from <strong>the</strong> mast-head<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> stern, as in <strong>the</strong> barges on <strong>the</strong> Thames.We threaded our way for upwards <strong>of</strong> a hundred milesamongst isl<strong>and</strong>s which lie in immense clusters in everydirection. At first we thought <strong>of</strong> counting <strong>the</strong>m, <strong>and</strong> evenattempted <strong>to</strong> note <strong>the</strong>ir places on <strong>the</strong> charts which we weremaking <strong>of</strong> this <strong>coast</strong>, but <strong>the</strong>ir great number completelybaffled <strong>the</strong>se endeavours. They vary in size, from a few hundred yards in length <strong>to</strong> five or six miles, <strong>and</strong> are <strong>of</strong> all shapes.From <strong>the</strong> mast-head o<strong>the</strong>r groups were perceived lyingone behind <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> east <strong>and</strong> south as far as <strong>the</strong> eyecould reach. Frequently above a hundred isl<strong>and</strong>s were insight from deck at one moment. The sea being quite smooth,<strong>the</strong> wea<strong>the</strong>r fine, <strong>and</strong> many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s wooded <strong>and</strong>cultivated in <strong>the</strong> valleys, <strong>the</strong> scene was at all times lively,<strong>and</strong> was rendered still more interesting by our rapid passagealong <strong>the</strong> <strong>coast</strong>, by which <strong>the</strong> appearances about us wereperpetually changing. Of this <strong>coast</strong> we had no chartspossessing <strong>the</strong> slightest pretensions <strong>to</strong> accuracy, none <strong>of</strong>COAST OF COREA. 43<strong>the</strong> places at which we <strong>to</strong>uched being laid down withinsixty miles <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir proper places. Only a few isl<strong>and</strong>sare noticed in any map; whereas <strong>the</strong> <strong>coast</strong>, for near twohundred miles, is completely studded with <strong>the</strong>m, <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>distance <strong>of</strong> fifteen or twenty leagues from <strong>the</strong> main l<strong>and</strong>.These inaccuracies in <strong>the</strong> charts naturally gave a very highdegree <strong>of</strong> interest <strong>to</strong> this part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>voyage</strong>; yet <strong>the</strong> navigation being at all times uncertain, <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong>ten dangerous, considerable anxiety necessarily mingled itself with <strong>the</strong> satisfaction produced by so new <strong>and</strong> splendid a scene. We alwaysanchored during <strong>the</strong> night, or when <strong>the</strong> tides, which werevery rapid, prevented our proceeding in <strong>the</strong> deliberatemanner absolutely required by <strong>the</strong> nature <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> circumstances. An instance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> necessity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se precautionsoccurred on <strong>the</strong> 7th <strong>of</strong> September, at four o'clock in <strong>the</strong>afternoon, when, it being quite calm, we were drifting alongwith <strong>the</strong> tide, which suddenly shifted <strong>and</strong> carried us rapidly<strong>to</strong>wards a reef <strong>of</strong> rocks, which was invisible till <strong>the</strong> strongrippling <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> water shewed us our danger: we let go <strong>the</strong>anchor immediately, but <strong>the</strong> jerk was so great, as <strong>to</strong> break<strong>the</strong> Lyra's cable. A second anchor, however, brought herup at a sufficient distance from <strong>the</strong> reef.As soon as <strong>the</strong> tide slacked, a boat was dispatched <strong>to</strong>examine <strong>the</strong> anchorage on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r side <strong>of</strong> an isl<strong>and</strong> near us.
44 VOYAGE TO THE COAST OF COREA. 45The <strong>of</strong>ficer l<strong>and</strong>ed about sun-set, <strong>and</strong> from <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>isl<strong>and</strong> could discover a village on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r side, on <strong>the</strong>shores <strong>of</strong> a fine large bay. He afterwards sounded <strong>the</strong>anchorage, <strong>and</strong> found it <strong>of</strong> a convenient depth. On hisway back he l<strong>and</strong>ed near <strong>the</strong> village, but though it wasbright moonlight he saw none <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> inhabitants.8th <strong>of</strong> September.—About noon we weighed <strong>and</strong> sailedround <strong>the</strong> north end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>, which had been visited*last night. The Alceste anchored nearly in <strong>the</strong> middlebetween <strong>the</strong> two isl<strong>and</strong>s which form <strong>the</strong> anchorage; but as<strong>the</strong> Lyra draws less water, she was placed as close <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong>village as was safe, being <strong>the</strong>n about a quarter <strong>of</strong> a milefrom <strong>the</strong> beach. At this distance, by means <strong>of</strong> a telescopefixed on a table on <strong>the</strong> poop, we were enabled <strong>to</strong> see whatwas going on in <strong>the</strong> village, while <strong>the</strong> people were unconscious <strong>of</strong> being observed. Mr. Clifford, who was <strong>to</strong>ounwell <strong>to</strong> l<strong>and</strong> with Captain Maxwell <strong>and</strong> myself, placedhimself at <strong>the</strong> glass, <strong>and</strong> made many observations whichmust o<strong>the</strong>rwise have escaped notice.At first <strong>the</strong> only inhabitants visible were seated on <strong>the</strong><strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hill watching us, <strong>the</strong> village itself being quitedeserted; but shortly after our anchoring, <strong>the</strong> inhabitantsbegan <strong>to</strong> assemble from different parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>. Of <strong>the</strong>seseveral were women, some <strong>of</strong> whom had children on <strong>the</strong>irbacks, <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs carried <strong>the</strong>m in <strong>the</strong>ir arms. They lookeds<strong>to</strong>ut, were fairer in complexion than <strong>the</strong> men, <strong>and</strong> weredressed in a long white robe, loose <strong>and</strong> open in front, witha petticoat <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same colour reaching a little below <strong>the</strong>knees; <strong>the</strong>ir hair was tied in a large knot behind; a smallpiece <strong>of</strong> white cloth was thrown loosely over <strong>the</strong> head <strong>to</strong>protect <strong>the</strong>m from <strong>the</strong> rays <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sun. Some women wereengaged in husking rice in a mortar with a wooden beater;<strong>the</strong>se had no dress above <strong>the</strong> waist. The men <strong>and</strong> boyswere seen carrying loads on a wooden frame hooked <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>shoulders.In a square flat place near <strong>the</strong> village a number <strong>of</strong>women <strong>and</strong> children were employed winnowing corn bypouring it from a height, so that <strong>the</strong> husks blew away.Fishing-nets were spread <strong>to</strong> dry on most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> houses. Wel<strong>and</strong>ed about five o'clock, <strong>and</strong> found in <strong>the</strong> village onlytwo men, who obstinately remained at one place withoutspeaking, <strong>and</strong> looking anxious that we should go away;<strong>the</strong>y refused <strong>the</strong> but<strong>to</strong>ns which we <strong>of</strong>fered <strong>the</strong>m, <strong>and</strong> resistedour persuasions <strong>to</strong> accompany us <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> upper part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>village, which we were anxious <strong>the</strong>y should do, <strong>to</strong> shew thatwe had no intention <strong>of</strong> hurting any thing, but merely <strong>to</strong>look about us. We went on alone, <strong>and</strong> on reaching a deserted house thought it a good opportunity <strong>to</strong> examine it.I) I
46 VOYAGE TO THEBefore <strong>the</strong> door, on a neat clean level space, enclosed by ahedge covered with a sweet-scented white flower, we foundseveral heaps <strong>of</strong> corn <strong>and</strong> straw, <strong>and</strong> several <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> woodenmortars in which <strong>the</strong> rice is pounded, also a number <strong>of</strong>vessels, some filled with water <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs with rice. Cookingutensils were lying about, <strong>and</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> fishing linescoiled neatly in baskets, <strong>and</strong> split fish spread out <strong>to</strong> dry on<strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> little corn ricks on one side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> court. Theinside was dark <strong>and</strong> uncomfortable; <strong>the</strong> mud floor was full<strong>of</strong> hollow places; <strong>the</strong> walls were black with soot, <strong>and</strong> everything looked dirty. On <strong>the</strong> left <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> entrance two largemetal boilers, twenty inches deep, were sunk in <strong>the</strong> brickwork, <strong>the</strong> upper part being about a foot above <strong>the</strong> floor.The fire-place was between <strong>the</strong> boilers, <strong>and</strong> on <strong>the</strong> hotembers lay three split fish. On <strong>the</strong> wall opposite <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>fire were shelves, having a number <strong>of</strong> cups, basons, <strong>and</strong>cooking utensils, principally <strong>of</strong> coarse s<strong>to</strong>ne ware, <strong>and</strong> somefew <strong>of</strong> a sort <strong>of</strong> bell-metal. The number <strong>of</strong> inhabitants inone house must be considerable, if we can form an estimatefrom <strong>the</strong> quantity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir dishes <strong>and</strong> vessels. There werethree neat small pieces <strong>of</strong> furniture on one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> shelves,<strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> which we could not discover; <strong>the</strong>y were made<strong>of</strong> wood, elegantly carved <strong>and</strong> varnished, with a round<strong>to</strong>p about a foot in diameter, <strong>and</strong> four legs a foot <strong>and</strong> a halfCOAST OF COREA. 47long. The ro<strong>of</strong> was well constructed, <strong>the</strong> rafters being mortised in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> ends <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horizontal beams, <strong>and</strong> tied <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>middle by a perpendicular beam or King-Post. Over <strong>the</strong>rafters is laid a net-work <strong>of</strong> rods, <strong>to</strong> which <strong>the</strong> thatch is tied.There was no chimney <strong>to</strong> this house, <strong>and</strong> only one windowmade <strong>of</strong> slender bars <strong>of</strong> wood, forming square spaces threeinches by two, covered by a thin semi-transparent paperdefended by <strong>the</strong> ro<strong>of</strong>, which extends so far beyond <strong>the</strong> wallas <strong>to</strong> shelter it not only from <strong>the</strong> rain but from <strong>the</strong> sun.Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> houses had a sort <strong>of</strong> raised ver<strong>and</strong>ah under<strong>the</strong> eaves, about a foot or more above <strong>the</strong> ground, extendingfrom <strong>the</strong> door on ei<strong>the</strong>r h<strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> house; <strong>the</strong>seplaces were neatly levelled, <strong>and</strong> must afford a cool seat.The walls <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> houses are from six <strong>to</strong> eight feet high, <strong>and</strong>from fourteen <strong>to</strong> twenty feet long; <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ro<strong>of</strong> beingabout fourteen. The walls are <strong>of</strong> s<strong>to</strong>ne <strong>and</strong> mud, <strong>the</strong> doormoves on <strong>the</strong> bar, which forms one <strong>of</strong> its sides; this bar isprolonged, <strong>and</strong> works in holes in <strong>the</strong> beam above, <strong>and</strong> a s<strong>to</strong>nebelow. There was a back door <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> house which weexamined. On opening this we found a bare bank <strong>of</strong> earthas high as <strong>the</strong> house, at <strong>the</strong> distance <strong>of</strong> three feet from<strong>the</strong> walls, arid a hedge rising still higher on <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p; thiseffectually excluded all light.This minute survey <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> house being completed, we
48 VOYAGE TO THE COAST OF COREA. 49ribft I"""'IIreturned <strong>to</strong> our friends, who seemed in some measure reassured. We tried <strong>to</strong> prevail upon <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong> accompany usin our walk, in hopes that <strong>the</strong> rest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cottagers mightbe induced <strong>to</strong> return when <strong>the</strong>y saw how peaceably wewere disposed. Captain Maxwell used every sign he couldthink <strong>of</strong> <strong>to</strong> no purpose, <strong>and</strong> tired at length <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se attempts,<strong>to</strong>ok hold <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> oldest man's h<strong>and</strong>, drew it through hisarm, <strong>and</strong> walked <strong>of</strong>f with him. I followed his example with<strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r; <strong>and</strong> this familiarity amused <strong>the</strong> natives, whonow accompanied us in perfect good humour. The ease <strong>and</strong>apparent indifference with Avhich <strong>the</strong>y walked along with uswas curious, <strong>and</strong> had so little <strong>of</strong> awkwardness in it, that onemight have supposed it <strong>to</strong> be <strong>the</strong> fashion <strong>of</strong> Corea <strong>to</strong> Avalk armin arm. Having reached <strong>the</strong> house which we had beforeexamined, we sat down in <strong>the</strong> ver<strong>and</strong>ah, <strong>and</strong> made signs thatwe wished <strong>to</strong> smoke a pipe with <strong>the</strong>m. In <strong>the</strong> meantime aboat was observed- <strong>to</strong> come <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing-place; <strong>the</strong> crewquitted her <strong>and</strong> came <strong>to</strong>wards us at a rapid pace. Thequick manner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se people, so different from <strong>the</strong> ordinarybehaviour <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Coreans we had seen, made us apprehendwe observed that any thing good had been said amongst<strong>the</strong>m; this was well received, <strong>and</strong> proved afterwards a goodmode <strong>of</strong> introduction.Their curiosity was strongly excited by our clothing,which <strong>the</strong>y examined minutely; <strong>the</strong>y wished <strong>to</strong> see someparts <strong>of</strong> our dress taken <strong>of</strong>f, <strong>and</strong> in order <strong>to</strong> gratify <strong>the</strong>m <strong>the</strong>ywere allowed <strong>to</strong> have our coats, shoes, s<strong>to</strong>ckings, hats, &c.They were more struck with <strong>the</strong> s<strong>to</strong>ckings than Avith anything else, frequently shouting " Hota! Hota!" This word,which is pronounced with a strong aspiration, was noted doAvnin our list as <strong>the</strong> Corean word for s<strong>to</strong>ckings; but it was foundafterwards <strong>to</strong> be an expression <strong>of</strong> approbation, applied indiscriminately <strong>to</strong> whatever <strong>the</strong>y consider remarkably good.After sitting some time with <strong>the</strong>se people, <strong>and</strong> smoking severalpipes Avith <strong>the</strong>m, Ave gave up all hopes <strong>of</strong> seeing <strong>the</strong> villagersreturn Avhile we Avere <strong>the</strong>re, <strong>and</strong> as <strong>the</strong> night Avas fallingAVC proposed taking a short Avalk \vith our friends, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>ngoing on board. But as soon as <strong>the</strong>y saA^ us go up <strong>the</strong> hilliinstead <strong>of</strong> returning <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> boat, <strong>the</strong>y became very uneasy,<strong>and</strong> Avanted us <strong>to</strong> turn back.As Ave had reason, however,that some violence was meditated; but in this we were mis<strong>to</strong> conjecture that <strong>the</strong> women <strong>and</strong> children Avere on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rtaken, for <strong>the</strong>y sat down with us, gave us <strong>the</strong>ir pipes <strong>to</strong>side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hill, we Avent on in <strong>the</strong> expectation <strong>of</strong> getting asmoke, <strong>and</strong> laughed immoderately at some <strong>of</strong> our words:sight <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m before dark.This <strong>the</strong> Coreans prevented bywe <strong>to</strong>ok <strong>the</strong> hint from <strong>the</strong>m, <strong>and</strong> laughed heartily wheneverfollowing us with shouts Avherever we Avent, so as <strong>to</strong> giveH
50 VOYAGE TO THEwarning <strong>of</strong> our approach. The women <strong>and</strong> children probably retreated before us <strong>to</strong> a ravine on <strong>the</strong> north side <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>, for when we approached it <strong>the</strong> Coreans becamemore anxious than ever for our return ; <strong>and</strong> one man seeingus still advance, <strong>to</strong>ok hold <strong>of</strong> my arm <strong>and</strong> gave it a sharppinch. I turned round <strong>and</strong> exclaimed, *' Patience, Sir!" hedrew back on observing my displeasure, <strong>and</strong> a moment aftercalled out himself, " Patience, Sir!" The o<strong>the</strong>rs hearing thiscaught <strong>the</strong> words <strong>to</strong>o, <strong>and</strong> nothing was heard for some timeamongst <strong>the</strong>m but" Patience, Sir," pronounced in everyinstance with perfect propriety. They seemed surprised<strong>the</strong>mselves on discovering powers <strong>of</strong> imitation hi<strong>the</strong>r<strong>to</strong> inall probability unexercised. This incident brought us betteracquainted, <strong>and</strong> we remained on <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hill teaching<strong>the</strong>m English words till it was dark. They were certainlyentertained with our instructions, but never<strong>the</strong>less shewedmuch more satisfaction in attending us down hill again <strong>to</strong>our boats. : Before going on board we invited <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong> come<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> ship next day^ which one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> party was supposed<strong>to</strong> comprehend: he first made preparations for going <strong>to</strong>bed, <strong>the</strong>n closed liis eyes, hung his head on his h<strong>and</strong>, <strong>and</strong>snored very properly; after a time he opened his eyes,started <strong>and</strong> looked about him, <strong>the</strong>n laid his h<strong>and</strong>s onCaptain Maxwell's shoulders with an air <strong>of</strong> welcome. ThisCOAST OF COREA. 51was interpreted by some in<strong>to</strong> a wish for our departure till<strong>the</strong> morning, <strong>and</strong> by o<strong>the</strong>rs that he himself would visit usat daylight.As he never came on board, <strong>and</strong> received uson l<strong>and</strong>ing next day with any thing but welcome, probablyboth guesses were wrong: <strong>of</strong> one thing <strong>the</strong>re was no doubt,his anxiety <strong>to</strong> get rid <strong>of</strong> us; <strong>and</strong> his signs may have meantthat it was time for all honest people <strong>to</strong> be in bed.9th <strong>of</strong> September.—At sunrise we l<strong>and</strong>ed at <strong>the</strong> samevillage, <strong>and</strong> found it deserted as before.We left it <strong>and</strong>made for <strong>the</strong> highest peak on <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>, accompanied bya few <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Coreans, who did not interfere with us tillabout halfway up, when on our entering a grove <strong>of</strong> fir trees,with <strong>the</strong> appearance <strong>of</strong> which we had been struck, one <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> Coreans objected; we went on, however, <strong>and</strong> uponreaching <strong>the</strong> stump <strong>of</strong> an old tree <strong>the</strong> Corean fell on hisknees, bowed his head <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> ground, <strong>and</strong> as he raised itagain held his h<strong>and</strong>s closed <strong>and</strong> pressed <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r <strong>to</strong>wards<strong>the</strong> stump. This had very much <strong>the</strong> air <strong>of</strong> a stratagem <strong>to</strong>\dissuade us from going fur<strong>the</strong>r in that direction, where <strong>the</strong>women probably were concealed.Admitting this <strong>to</strong> havebeen tire motive, it is curious that he should have supposedsuch a shew <strong>of</strong> religious form calculated <strong>to</strong> restrain us.is fur<strong>the</strong>r remarkable as being <strong>the</strong> only circumstance whichwe have seen on this <strong>coast</strong> implying a knowledge <strong>of</strong> religionIt
52 VOYAGE TO THEor religious ceremony. There are here no temples, idols, nor<strong>to</strong>mbs, whereas in China, villages much smaller than <strong>the</strong>se<strong>of</strong> Corea have <strong>the</strong>m in every corner. The o<strong>the</strong>r Coreans<strong>to</strong>ok no notice <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stump, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> man who was prostrating himself before it finding that his behaviour producednothing but a number <strong>of</strong> questions from us concerning <strong>the</strong>nature <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tree, got on his legs <strong>and</strong> walked sulkily away. In<strong>the</strong> course <strong>of</strong> our walk AVC saw six bullocks <strong>of</strong> a small breed<strong>and</strong> very fat, but which <strong>the</strong> Coreans were not <strong>to</strong> be tempted<strong>to</strong> sell by any thing which we had <strong>to</strong> give <strong>the</strong>m. Dogs were <strong>the</strong>only quadrupeds besides that we saw. There were pigeons,hawks, <strong>and</strong> eagles, but few small birds. Crows were asnumerous here as in every o<strong>the</strong>r part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> world. Wereturned on board <strong>to</strong> breakfast, <strong>and</strong> afterwards set ou<strong>to</strong>n an excursion <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> a high isl<strong>and</strong> lying someleagues <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> south-east <strong>of</strong> us. On our way we l<strong>and</strong>ed,<strong>and</strong> observed <strong>the</strong> sun's meridian altitude with an artificialhorizon, by which we ascertained <strong>the</strong> latitude <strong>to</strong> be 34° 22'39" north, <strong>the</strong> longitude by <strong>the</strong> mean <strong>of</strong> two chronometersis 126° 2' 45" east.We passed, for <strong>the</strong> distance <strong>of</strong> five miles, amongst isl<strong>and</strong>s,all, except <strong>the</strong> very smallest, inhabited. The villages arebuilt in <strong>the</strong> valleys, where <strong>the</strong> houses are nearly hid bytrees <strong>and</strong> hedges. The sides <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hills are cultivated withCOAST OF COREA.millet <strong>and</strong> a species <strong>of</strong> bean; <strong>and</strong> in <strong>the</strong> numerous smallgardens near <strong>the</strong> villages, we saw a great variety <strong>of</strong> plants.As <strong>the</strong> peaked isl<strong>and</strong> which we had undertaken <strong>to</strong> climbwas steep, <strong>and</strong> covered with a long coarse grass, it costus a tiresome scramble <strong>to</strong> gain <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p, which is about sixhundred feet above <strong>the</strong> level <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sea. The main l<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong>Corea is just discernible in <strong>the</strong> north-east <strong>and</strong> east, fromthis elevation; but it comm<strong>and</strong>s a splendid view <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>isl<strong>and</strong>s, lying in thick clusters, as far as <strong>the</strong> eye can reach,from north-<strong>west</strong> quite round by east <strong>to</strong> south. Weendeavoured <strong>to</strong> count <strong>the</strong>m. One person, by reckoningonly such as were obviously separate isl<strong>and</strong>s, made <strong>the</strong>irnumber one hundred <strong>and</strong> twenty. Two o<strong>the</strong>r gentlemen,by estimating <strong>the</strong> numbers in each connected cluster, madeseverally, one hundred <strong>and</strong> thirty-six, <strong>and</strong> one hundred <strong>and</strong>seventy; a difference, which at once shews <strong>the</strong> difficulty <strong>of</strong>speaking with precision on this subject. But when it isconsidered, that from one spot, which though considerablyelevated, was not centrical, one hundred <strong>and</strong> twenty isl<strong>and</strong>scould be counted, <strong>and</strong> that our course for upwards <strong>of</strong> onehundred miles had been amongst isl<strong>and</strong>s no less crowdedthan <strong>the</strong>se, some idea may be formed <strong>of</strong> this great Archipelago.After enjoying this scene for some time, we went down1,1
54 VOYAGE TO THEon <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> peak, which is much less steep.We found <strong>the</strong> boat's crew preparing dinner for us, undersome trees, close <strong>to</strong> a well <strong>of</strong> cool water. The village <strong>to</strong>which <strong>the</strong> well belonged not being many yards <strong>of</strong>f, weproceeded <strong>to</strong> explore it, <strong>and</strong> found it deserted by all exceptan old woman <strong>and</strong> a man. The woman, seated on a pile <strong>of</strong>s<strong>to</strong>nes, in <strong>the</strong> middle <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> village, <strong>to</strong>ok no notice <strong>of</strong> us aswe passed; <strong>and</strong> indeed, she was herself so very homely, as <strong>to</strong>occupy but little <strong>of</strong> our attention. The man was seated at <strong>the</strong>door <strong>of</strong> a cottage, making a straw s<strong>and</strong>al: on our enteringhis inclosure, he looked up for an instant, <strong>and</strong> immediatelyresumed his work, with as much composure as if we hadbeen a party <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> villagers. A but<strong>to</strong>n was <strong>of</strong>fered <strong>to</strong>him, which he accepted without scruple: he agreed, wi<strong>the</strong>qual readiness,, <strong>to</strong> exchange his unfinished s<strong>and</strong>al forano<strong>the</strong>r but<strong>to</strong>n, which having carelessly put away, in a baglying near him, he <strong>to</strong>ok some straw <strong>and</strong> re-commencedhis business, without seeming <strong>to</strong> notice that we were rummaging his house. He is <strong>the</strong> only Corean we have metwith, who has not shewn some slight symp<strong>to</strong>ms <strong>of</strong> curiosity:indeed, he seemed <strong>to</strong>tally indifferent about our staying orgoing, or about what we were doing in his house; <strong>and</strong> weleft him without knowing whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>to</strong> ascribe his apathy t<strong>of</strong>ear, or <strong>to</strong> absolute stupidity.COAST OF COREA. 55On returning from <strong>the</strong> village, we saw a party <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>natives assembled on a rising ground near us; <strong>the</strong>y wereinvited, by signs, <strong>to</strong> join us at dinner, but <strong>the</strong>y kept <strong>the</strong>irplaces unmoved. While we were at dinner, <strong>the</strong> sailors,who had been rambling about, joined <strong>the</strong> natives, <strong>and</strong> in afew minutes became very good friends with <strong>the</strong>m; <strong>the</strong>natives giving up <strong>the</strong>ir pipes, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> sailors in return supplying <strong>the</strong>m with <strong>to</strong>bacco. We have frequently remarkedduring this <strong>voyage</strong>, that <strong>the</strong> sailors make acquaintance with<strong>the</strong> natives much sooner than <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers. This seems <strong>the</strong>natural effect <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> difference in our manners. On meetingwith natives, we feel so anxious <strong>to</strong> conciliate, <strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong> avoidgiving <strong>of</strong>fence, that Our behaviour, thus guarded <strong>and</strong> circumspect, has an air <strong>of</strong> restraint about it, which mayproduce distrust <strong>and</strong> apprehension on <strong>the</strong>ir part; whilst, on<strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r h<strong>and</strong>, Jack, who is not only unreflecting an,din<strong>of</strong>fensive himself, but never suspects that o<strong>the</strong>rs can possibly misconstrue his perfect. good-will <strong>and</strong> unaffectedfrankness, has an easy, disengaged manner, which at onceinvites confidence <strong>and</strong> familiarity.In about an hour after we had sat down, one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>natives hastily rose, <strong>and</strong> without appearing <strong>to</strong> deliberate,but as if actuated by a sudden impulse, strode rapidlydown <strong>to</strong> us, <strong>and</strong> in <strong>the</strong> most unceremonious way possible,
56 VOYAGE TO THEpresented his lighted pipe for us <strong>to</strong> smoke. We receivedhim as kindly as we could, <strong>and</strong> prevailed upon him <strong>to</strong> takea glass <strong>of</strong> wine; which he had no sooner drank <strong>of</strong>f, than heroared out, " Hota! Hota!"This exclamation brought <strong>the</strong> rest down, who seating<strong>the</strong>mselves by us, drank freely, <strong>and</strong> became very cheerful<strong>and</strong> communicative, telling us <strong>the</strong> Corean names <strong>of</strong> everything we pointed <strong>to</strong>, <strong>and</strong> asking, in return, <strong>the</strong> Englishnames for our clo<strong>the</strong>s.* But though <strong>the</strong> wine made <strong>the</strong>sepeople far more sociable than any we had yet seen, <strong>the</strong>ynever forgot <strong>the</strong> principal object <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir thoughts, <strong>and</strong>suggested, every now <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n, by pointing <strong>to</strong> our boats,<strong>the</strong> propriety <strong>of</strong> our going away. After sunset, <strong>the</strong>ybecame very impatient <strong>and</strong> uneasy at our stay; but whenat length we yielded <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir entreaties, <strong>the</strong> whole partyaccompanied us <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> water's side, <strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong>ok leave with<strong>the</strong> most lively marks <strong>of</strong> satisfaction at our departure.10th <strong>of</strong> September.—This morning, about ten o'clock,we got under Aveigh, <strong>and</strong> s<strong>to</strong>od <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> southward. By sunset we were clear <strong>of</strong> all <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s, <strong>and</strong> could just distinguish<strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> Quelpaert in <strong>the</strong> south-east quarter.The shortness <strong>of</strong> our stay on this <strong>coast</strong>, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> difficultywe experienced in communicating with <strong>the</strong> inhabitants,* See note at <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Loo-choo vocabulary.COAST OF COREA. 57will <strong>account</strong> for <strong>the</strong> scanty <strong>and</strong> disjointed nature <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>information obtained. A future <strong>voyage</strong>r would do well <strong>to</strong>be accompanied by a person who can write <strong>the</strong> Chinesecharacter, <strong>and</strong> should have full leisure <strong>to</strong> overcome, bypatient management, <strong>the</strong> distrust <strong>of</strong> strangers evinced bythis unsociable people.A chart <strong>of</strong> our track along this <strong>coast</strong> is subjoined <strong>to</strong>this work, in <strong>the</strong> hope that it may prove useful <strong>to</strong> a future<strong>voyage</strong>r. As it was constructed under circumstances <strong>of</strong>great haste, it is necessarily incomplete; yet it will probablybe found more accurate than any maps or charts hi<strong>the</strong>r<strong>to</strong>published.
I 158 VOYAGE TO THECHAPTER II.Enter <strong>the</strong> Japan Sea—Sulphur Isl<strong>and</strong>—Volcano—See <strong>the</strong> Great Loo-ChooIsl<strong>and</strong>—Lyra nearly wrecked—First Interview with <strong>the</strong> Natives—Anchor atNapakiang—Natives crowd on Board—Their interesting Appearance <strong>and</strong>Manners—Several Chiefs visit <strong>the</strong> Alceste—L<strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong> make Observations—As<strong>to</strong>nishment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natives—Six Chiefs visit <strong>the</strong> Ships—Alceste <strong>and</strong> Lyraproceed far<strong>the</strong>r in Shore—A Chief <strong>of</strong> high Rank waits upon CaptainMaxwell—Return his Visit—Feast—Projected Survey <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Anchorage—Visit Reef Isl<strong>and</strong>—The Lyra sent <strong>to</strong> look for ano<strong>the</strong>r Harbour—Arrangements for l<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>the</strong> Alceste's S<strong>to</strong>res—Description <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Temple <strong>and</strong>Garden—First Acquaintance with Madera—Study <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Language.AFTER leaving Corea, we s<strong>to</strong>od <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> southward <strong>and</strong> eastward, with a strong breeze from <strong>the</strong> north, <strong>and</strong> a mountainousswell from <strong>the</strong> north-east.Shortly after daybreak on <strong>the</strong>13th <strong>of</strong> September, AVC saw Sulphur Isl<strong>and</strong>, in <strong>the</strong> south<strong>west</strong> quarter, <strong>and</strong> by eleven in <strong>the</strong> forenoon were close up<strong>to</strong> it. We intended <strong>to</strong> l<strong>and</strong>, but were prevented by <strong>the</strong>high wind, which caused so great a surf all round <strong>the</strong>isl<strong>and</strong>, as <strong>to</strong> render this impracticable. The sulphuricvolcano from which <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong> takes its name is on <strong>the</strong>north-<strong>west</strong> side; it emits white smoke, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> smell <strong>of</strong>sulphur is very strong on <strong>the</strong> lee side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> crater. The cliffsGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 59near <strong>the</strong> volcano are <strong>of</strong> a pale yellow colour, interspersed Avithbrown streaks : <strong>the</strong> ground at this place is very rugged, as<strong>the</strong> strata lie in all directions, <strong>and</strong> are much broken; on <strong>the</strong><strong>to</strong>p is a thin coat <strong>of</strong> brown grass. The south end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>isl<strong>and</strong> is <strong>of</strong> considerable height, <strong>of</strong> a deep blood red colour,Avith here <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>re a spot <strong>of</strong> bright green : <strong>the</strong> strata,which are here nearly horizontal, are cut by a whin dykerunning from <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> bot<strong>to</strong>m <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cliff, projectingfrom its face like a Avail. As <strong>the</strong> wea<strong>the</strong>r still lookedthreatening, AVC gave up <strong>the</strong> intention <strong>of</strong> examining thisspot, <strong>and</strong> proceeded <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> southward till four o'clock, atAvhich time l<strong>and</strong> was seen in <strong>the</strong> south-<strong>west</strong> quarter; but as<strong>the</strong>re was not sufficient daylight <strong>to</strong> close with it, we hauled<strong>of</strong>f <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>west</strong>ward for <strong>the</strong> night. Shortly after sunset <strong>the</strong>sky became overcast, <strong>the</strong> wind veered about from onepoint <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r, <strong>the</strong> air became suddenly quite chill, <strong>the</strong>sea rose high, <strong>and</strong> every thing, in short, seemed <strong>to</strong> indicatean approaching tyfoong or hurricane. All our preparationsAvere made <strong>to</strong> encounter a violent tempest; but we weremuch pleased at finding it turn out nothing more than anordinary gale <strong>of</strong> wind.14th <strong>of</strong> September.—The wea<strong>the</strong>r was still s<strong>to</strong>rmy, butbeing anxious <strong>to</strong> close with <strong>the</strong> l<strong>and</strong>, we bore up, <strong>and</strong>steered in <strong>the</strong> supposed direction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Great Lieou Kieou,
60 VOYAGE TO THE GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 61or Loo-choo Isl<strong>and</strong>. At eight o'clock we was <strong>the</strong> SugarLoaf <strong>of</strong> Captain Brough<strong>to</strong>n, which is a small green isl<strong>and</strong>,having a high remarkable cone in <strong>the</strong> middle. We left this<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> eastward, <strong>and</strong> continued steering <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> south south<strong>west</strong>, hoping <strong>to</strong> get <strong>to</strong> leeward <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> great isl<strong>and</strong> beforenight, where we might remain in smooth water till <strong>the</strong>wea<strong>the</strong>r became fine. While going along at a quick rate,we suddenly saw breakers close <strong>to</strong> us; we instantly hauled<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> wind, <strong>and</strong> made all <strong>the</strong> sail we could carry. Oursituation was now very critical, for <strong>the</strong> swell caused by <strong>the</strong>recent gale checked our way considerably, <strong>and</strong> a leecurrent drifted us gradually <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> reef. From <strong>the</strong>mast head we could look down upon <strong>the</strong> reef, which was <strong>of</strong>a circular form, with a low isl<strong>and</strong> on its sou<strong>the</strong>rn side; <strong>the</strong>surf broke all round, but in <strong>the</strong> inside <strong>the</strong> water was quitesmooth, <strong>and</strong> being only a few feet deep, <strong>the</strong> coral, whichwas <strong>of</strong> a bright green, appeared distinctly through it. At<strong>the</strong> distance <strong>of</strong> one-third <strong>of</strong> a mile from where we were, nobot<strong>to</strong>m was <strong>to</strong> be found with our lead lines, so that anchoringwas out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> question. After being in this unpleasantpredicament for some time, we succeeded in wea<strong>the</strong>ring<strong>the</strong> <strong>west</strong>ern end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> reef, which we had no sooner done,than we saw a passage four or five miles wide, by which weproceeded <strong>to</strong> leeward <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> reef isl<strong>and</strong>, where we found <strong>the</strong>water perfectly smooth. The Alceste rounded <strong>the</strong> reefwithout difficulty, being half a league far<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong>f than <strong>the</strong>Lyra, which, as usual, had been stationed ahead <strong>to</strong> lookout, but had not perceived <strong>the</strong> danger sooner, owing <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>extreme haziness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> wea<strong>the</strong>r.15th <strong>of</strong> September.—In <strong>the</strong> morning, it was arrangedthat <strong>the</strong> Lyra should proceed in shore in search <strong>of</strong> a harbour,while <strong>the</strong> frigate remained in deep water. At ten o'clock Ithought we had discovered a place <strong>of</strong> security, <strong>and</strong> havinganchored <strong>the</strong> Lyra, sent three boats <strong>to</strong> examine it. Asort <strong>of</strong> harbour was found, formed by coral reefs; but <strong>the</strong>passages being all intricate for large ships, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> watershallow inside, it is by no means safe. We fell in withseveral people in canoes; one man, who seemed <strong>to</strong> knowwhat we were searching for, directed us <strong>to</strong> a point <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong><strong>the</strong> northward, <strong>and</strong> waved for us <strong>to</strong> go round it. While <strong>the</strong>boats were away, sevei'al natives came <strong>of</strong>t' <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lyra. Nopeople that we have yet met with have been so friendly;for <strong>the</strong> moment <strong>the</strong>y came alongside, one h<strong>and</strong>ed a jar <strong>of</strong>water up <strong>to</strong> us, <strong>and</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r a basket <strong>of</strong> boiled sweetpota<strong>to</strong>es, without asking or seeming <strong>to</strong> wish for anyrecompense. Their manners were gentle <strong>and</strong> respectful;<strong>the</strong>y uncovered <strong>the</strong>ir heads when in our presence, bowedwhenever <strong>the</strong>y spoke <strong>to</strong> us; <strong>and</strong> when we gave <strong>the</strong>m some
62 TOYAGE TO THErum, <strong>the</strong>y did not drink it till <strong>the</strong>y had bowed <strong>to</strong> everyperson round. Ano<strong>the</strong>r canoe went near <strong>the</strong> Alceste, <strong>and</strong>a rope being thrown <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>m, <strong>the</strong>y tied a fish <strong>to</strong> it, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>npaddled away. All this seemed <strong>to</strong> promise well, <strong>and</strong> wasparticularly grateful after <strong>the</strong> cold repulsive manners <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>Coreans.The day was spent in trying <strong>to</strong> beat round <strong>the</strong> point <strong>to</strong>windward, but <strong>the</strong> tide was <strong>to</strong>o strong against us, <strong>and</strong> whenit became dark, we found ourselves awkwardly situated.To <strong>the</strong> east <strong>and</strong> <strong>west</strong> <strong>of</strong> us <strong>the</strong>re were isl<strong>and</strong>s at <strong>the</strong> distance<strong>of</strong> a few miles. To leeward was a circular coral reef, justappearing above <strong>the</strong> surface at low water; <strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong> windwardwere seen <strong>the</strong> reefs upon which we were so nearly wreckedon Saturday. As <strong>the</strong> exact position <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se numerousdangers was unknown <strong>to</strong> us, we were determined <strong>to</strong> anchorfor <strong>the</strong> night, though in eighty fathoms water.16th <strong>of</strong> September.—At daylight we weighed, <strong>and</strong> beat<strong>to</strong> windward all <strong>the</strong> morning; but owing <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> tide beingcontrary, it was two o'clock before we passed <strong>the</strong> pointmentioned above; which we had no sooner done, than wecame in sight <strong>of</strong> an extensive <strong>to</strong>wn, having a harbour filledwith vessels at anchor. On steering <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>wn, wehad <strong>to</strong> sound our way cautiously amongst coral reefs, whichwere <strong>to</strong>lerably well defined by <strong>the</strong> surf breaking uponGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 63<strong>the</strong>m*. The Alceste followed as soon as we had ascertainedthat <strong>the</strong> passage was clear, <strong>and</strong> both ships anchored at <strong>the</strong>distance <strong>of</strong> half a mile from <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>wn.In a short time we were surrounded by canoes, full <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> natives, who, with <strong>the</strong>ir children, flocked on board.They wear a loose dress, tied with a belt round <strong>the</strong>ir waist;<strong>the</strong>ir hair is brought tight up from all sides, <strong>and</strong> formed in<strong>to</strong>a knot on <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> head, with two metal pins stuck init. In <strong>the</strong> course <strong>of</strong> an hour, a native came on board whoappeared <strong>to</strong> be somewhat higher in rank than <strong>the</strong> rest; <strong>and</strong>we now discovered, <strong>to</strong> our great satisfaction, that this manunders<strong>to</strong>od our Chinese servant, who had been <strong>of</strong> no use <strong>to</strong>us at Corea. As it was found that <strong>the</strong>re were o<strong>the</strong>r chiefson shore superior in rank <strong>to</strong> this man, Captain Maxwelldeclined receiving his visit; as well with <strong>the</strong> view <strong>of</strong> inducing<strong>the</strong> principal people <strong>to</strong> come on board, as <strong>of</strong> maintainingan appearance <strong>of</strong> dignity, a point <strong>of</strong> great importance in alltransactions with <strong>the</strong> Chinese <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir dependents, whoinvariably repay condescension with presumption. Aswe had heard <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se people being tributary <strong>to</strong> China,it was natural <strong>to</strong> conclude that <strong>the</strong>re might be some* This circumstance is by no means common, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>refore cannot bedepended on. In fine wea<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong>se reefs give no warning whatever, <strong>and</strong> a shipon approaching <strong>the</strong>m ought invariably <strong>to</strong> have a boat ahead.
*! l64 VOYAGE TO THE GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 65similarity in manners. At all events, it was evidently mucheasier at any future time <strong>to</strong> be free <strong>and</strong> cordial with <strong>the</strong>m,after having assumed a distance <strong>and</strong> reserve in <strong>the</strong> firstinstance, than it would be <strong>to</strong> repress insolence, if at firstencouraged by <strong>to</strong>o hasty familiarity.Before this man went on shore, he requested <strong>to</strong> know<strong>the</strong> reason <strong>of</strong> our coming in<strong>to</strong> this port; <strong>the</strong> interpreter wasinstructed <strong>to</strong> acquaint him that <strong>the</strong> ships had experiencedvery bad wea<strong>the</strong>r, <strong>and</strong> had been a long time at sea; that<strong>the</strong> large ship had sprung a leak, <strong>and</strong> required repairswhich could only be done in a secure harbour: fur<strong>the</strong>rexplanations, it was observed, would be given <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>superior chiefs when <strong>the</strong>y came on board. We had beenprepared for <strong>the</strong>se inquiries, not only from <strong>the</strong> receptionwe had met with at Corea, but' from <strong>the</strong> well-knowncharacter <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nations in this quarter <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> globe; <strong>and</strong>it was so far fortunate, that <strong>the</strong> Alceste was actually in want<strong>of</strong> repairs; because <strong>to</strong> have assigned curiosity, <strong>and</strong> a desire<strong>of</strong> gaining information as our object, <strong>to</strong> people whollyunconscious <strong>of</strong> such feelings, would naturally have led <strong>the</strong>m<strong>to</strong> ascribe our actions <strong>to</strong> some more interested, <strong>and</strong> consequently more dangerous motive.The canoes which we have seen <strong>to</strong>-day are mostly made<strong>of</strong> one piece <strong>of</strong> wood ; <strong>the</strong>y have two sails, <strong>and</strong> are movedwith considerable velocity, by two or more paddles, assistedby an oar over <strong>the</strong> stern, which acts both as a scull <strong>and</strong> arudder. There is a neat low seat, made <strong>of</strong> rattans, for eachperson in <strong>the</strong> canoe.As <strong>the</strong> day closed, <strong>the</strong> fishing canoescame in great numbers from sea, <strong>and</strong> all came on board <strong>the</strong>ships on <strong>the</strong>ir way; some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fishermen pulled up ourlines <strong>and</strong> baited <strong>the</strong> hooks.The whole shore abreast <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ships was covered with people, but <strong>the</strong> crowd was greates<strong>to</strong>n two pier-heads, forming <strong>the</strong> entrance <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> harbour; <strong>and</strong><strong>the</strong> variety <strong>of</strong> colour in <strong>the</strong>ir dresses made this a very livelyexhibition.In <strong>the</strong> evening, Captain Maxwell <strong>and</strong> I rowedround <strong>to</strong> examine <strong>the</strong> anchorage, which we found <strong>to</strong>lerablyclear <strong>of</strong> rocks.An <strong>of</strong>ficer was at <strong>the</strong> same time sent <strong>to</strong>examine <strong>the</strong> inner harbour, but he did not go far within<strong>the</strong> entrance, which was much <strong>to</strong>o shallow for <strong>the</strong> frigate.On returning <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lyra, I found that Mr. Cliffordhad been entertaining several respectable looking nativeswho had paid him a visit.As <strong>the</strong>y readily comprehendedhis desire <strong>to</strong> know <strong>the</strong>ir words for various things, he hassucceeded in collecting a considerable number, among which,we are surprised <strong>to</strong> find <strong>the</strong>ir name for <strong>to</strong>bacco <strong>the</strong> same asours; all <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs are quite new <strong>to</strong> us.«l?th <strong>of</strong> September.—I carried <strong>the</strong> interpreter <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>Alceste, after breakfast, where I found two chiefs, who hadK
66 VOYAGE TO THEbeen on board some time, <strong>and</strong> had been taken care <strong>of</strong> by<strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers, as Captain Maxwell was not prepared <strong>to</strong> receive<strong>the</strong>m.A message was <strong>the</strong>n sent <strong>to</strong> intimate that <strong>the</strong> Ta-yin(a Chinese title, used also by <strong>the</strong>se people <strong>to</strong> persons<strong>of</strong> rank) was desirous <strong>of</strong> seeing <strong>the</strong> chiefs, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>y wereintroduced in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> after-cabin, where <strong>the</strong>y were receivedin form.They objected <strong>to</strong> sitting down, making at <strong>the</strong>same time many low obeisances, which <strong>the</strong>y did by s<strong>to</strong>oping<strong>the</strong> body, <strong>and</strong> raising <strong>the</strong> h<strong>and</strong>s, closed one over <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r,<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir face.Their scruples about being seated were atlength overcome, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> first chief <strong>to</strong>ok his place onCaptain Maxwell's left h<strong>and</strong>, <strong>the</strong> next on my left, <strong>and</strong> a third,who was evidently <strong>of</strong> a lower rank, sat beyond <strong>the</strong> second.The chiefs sat respectfully silent, <strong>and</strong> Captain Maxwellfinding that he was expected <strong>to</strong> speak first, communicated<strong>to</strong>. <strong>the</strong>m that <strong>the</strong> ships under his comm<strong>and</strong> belonged <strong>to</strong><strong>the</strong> King <strong>of</strong> Engl<strong>and</strong>; that <strong>the</strong>y had gone <strong>to</strong> China with anEmbassador, carrying presents <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Emperor, at Pekin;that on <strong>the</strong>ir way back <strong>to</strong> Can<strong>to</strong>n, <strong>the</strong>y had experiencedvery, bad wea<strong>the</strong>r, <strong>and</strong> had been obliged <strong>to</strong> put in here <strong>to</strong>.refit, <strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong> procure supplies.In reply, <strong>the</strong>y expressed <strong>the</strong>ir willingness <strong>to</strong> assist us asmuch as lay in <strong>the</strong>ir power, but said that <strong>the</strong> harbour was <strong>to</strong>oshallow for so large a ship, <strong>and</strong> recommended our proceedingGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 67<strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r harbour called Kindling, which <strong>the</strong>y describedas being secure <strong>and</strong> commodious, <strong>and</strong> only a few hours sailfrom this anchorage: <strong>the</strong>y <strong>of</strong>fered <strong>to</strong> furnish pilots <strong>and</strong> aboat <strong>to</strong> conduct us. Captain Maxwell, however, wasunwilling <strong>to</strong> quit this anchorage unless certain <strong>of</strong> finding abetter; he <strong>the</strong>refore proposed <strong>to</strong> send <strong>the</strong> Lyra <strong>to</strong> examine<strong>and</strong> report upon <strong>the</strong> harbour alluded <strong>to</strong>. The chiefs pausedupon this, <strong>and</strong> said <strong>the</strong>y could not take upon <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong> sendpilots <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Brig without consulting <strong>the</strong> Great Man onshore. We were very curious <strong>to</strong> know who this greatpersonage might be, but <strong>the</strong>y evaded all our inquiries.Captain Maxwell asked where <strong>the</strong> king resided, <strong>and</strong> intimatedhis intention <strong>of</strong> waiting upon him; <strong>to</strong> this <strong>the</strong>y stronglyobjected, declaring moreover, that it was impossible, as hismajesty lived a thous<strong>and</strong> miles <strong>of</strong>f. They did not seem'aware <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir inconsistency, when <strong>the</strong>y under<strong>to</strong>ok, immediately afterwards, <strong>to</strong> get an answer from court about pilotsfor <strong>the</strong> Lyra, in a few hours.We had been led <strong>to</strong> hope, from <strong>the</strong> frankness <strong>and</strong> kindness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se people, that no restraint would be imposedon us; <strong>and</strong> we were <strong>the</strong> more disappointed at observing,that whenever we spoke <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing, or asked any questionsabout <strong>the</strong> king, <strong>the</strong> chiefs became uneasy, <strong>and</strong> replied in amysterious manner. We consoled ourselves, however, with
68 VOYAGE TO THE GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND.<strong>the</strong> supposition, that upon fur<strong>the</strong>r acquaintance <strong>the</strong>ir apprehension would wear <strong>of</strong>f.Business being over, <strong>the</strong> chiefs were asked <strong>to</strong> walk round<strong>the</strong> cabin, an invitation which <strong>the</strong>y accepted with manifestsatisfaction. During <strong>the</strong> conference <strong>the</strong>y had preserved agravity suited <strong>to</strong> an important ceremony, <strong>and</strong>, thoughsurrounded by new <strong>and</strong> curious objects, had never expressed<strong>the</strong> least curiosity. They were now no longer formal, <strong>and</strong>looked over <strong>the</strong> various articles with attention, taking particular notice <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> globes, books, <strong>and</strong> mirrors. Their mannersare remarkably gentle <strong>and</strong> unassuming. They are observant,<strong>and</strong> not without curiosity, but <strong>the</strong>y require encouragement <strong>to</strong>induce <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong> come forward, being restrained, it would seem,by a genteel self-denial, from gratifying curiosity, lest it mightbe thought obtrusive. Their dress is singularly graceful;it consists <strong>of</strong> a loose flowing robe, with very wide sleeves,tied round <strong>the</strong> middle by a broad rich belt or girdle <strong>of</strong>wrought silk, a yellow cylindrical cap, <strong>and</strong> a neat straws<strong>and</strong>al, over a short cot<strong>to</strong>n boot or s<strong>to</strong>cking. Two <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>chiefs wore light yellow robes, <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r dark blue streakedwith white, all <strong>of</strong> cot<strong>to</strong>n. The cap is flat at "<strong>to</strong>p, <strong>and</strong>appears <strong>to</strong> be formed by winding a broad b<strong>and</strong> diagonallyround a frame, in such a manner, that at each turn a smallportion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> last fold shall be visible above in front,<strong>and</strong> below at <strong>the</strong> hinder part. The s<strong>and</strong>al is kept on by astiff straw b<strong>and</strong> passing over <strong>the</strong> instep, <strong>and</strong> joining <strong>the</strong>s<strong>and</strong>al near <strong>the</strong> heel; this b<strong>and</strong> is tied <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> forepart by aslight string, drawn between <strong>the</strong> great <strong>to</strong>e <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> next,<strong>the</strong> s<strong>to</strong>cking having a division like <strong>the</strong> finger <strong>of</strong> a glove for<strong>the</strong> great <strong>to</strong>e. They all carry fans, which <strong>the</strong>y stick in <strong>the</strong>irgirdles when not in use, <strong>and</strong> each person has a short <strong>to</strong>baccopipe in a small bag, hanging, along with <strong>the</strong> pouch, at <strong>the</strong>girdle. When <strong>the</strong>y had satisfied <strong>the</strong>mselves with lookingover <strong>the</strong> cabin, <strong>the</strong>y went away, with a promise <strong>of</strong> returningin <strong>the</strong> evening as soon as <strong>the</strong> answer from <strong>the</strong> Great Manshould arrive.During all this morning, <strong>the</strong> whole space between <strong>the</strong>ships <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> shore has been covered with canoes, eachcontaining about ten persons. The scene was very lively,for few <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> parties which came <strong>to</strong> visit <strong>the</strong> shipsremained long on board, so that <strong>the</strong> canoes were continually passing backwards <strong>and</strong> forwards, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> numberwhich came in this way must have been immense. Theyall seemed highly gratified at being allowed <strong>to</strong> go whereever<strong>the</strong>y liked over <strong>the</strong> ships, nor was this liberty everabused. The manners even <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lo<strong>west</strong> classes aregenteel <strong>and</strong> becoming; <strong>the</strong>ir curiosity is great, but itnever makes <strong>the</strong>m rudely inquisitive: <strong>the</strong>ir language is[AI
70 VOYAGE TO THEmusical, <strong>and</strong> in most cases easy <strong>of</strong> pronunciation. Weheard a boat song <strong>to</strong>-day, <strong>the</strong> air <strong>of</strong> which was sweet<strong>and</strong> plaintive; we tried in vain <strong>to</strong> catch <strong>the</strong> words, <strong>and</strong>unfortunately, none <strong>of</strong> us had skill enough <strong>to</strong> note down <strong>the</strong>air. We observed several people in canoes, making drawings<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> s"hips, but <strong>the</strong>y hid <strong>the</strong>ir work when <strong>the</strong>y wereobserved. In consequence <strong>of</strong> what had been said lastnight <strong>of</strong> our wanting repairs, a party <strong>of</strong> shipwrights <strong>and</strong>caulkers was sent on board <strong>the</strong> Alceste this morning, but<strong>the</strong>ir <strong>to</strong>ols were <strong>of</strong> a Lilliputian order, <strong>and</strong> quite unsuited <strong>to</strong><strong>the</strong> rough work required.The variety <strong>of</strong> colour <strong>and</strong> pattern in <strong>the</strong> dresses <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>people <strong>to</strong>-day, is remarkable. Many wear printed cot<strong>to</strong>ns,o<strong>the</strong>rs have cot<strong>to</strong>n dresses with <strong>the</strong> pattern drawn on it byh<strong>and</strong>, instead <strong>of</strong> being stamped; but blue, in all its shades,is <strong>the</strong> prevalent colour, though <strong>the</strong>re were many dressesresembling in every respect Highl<strong>and</strong> tartans. The children,in general, wear more shewy dresses than <strong>the</strong> men, <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> dress <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> women we can say nothing, as none haveyet been seen. Every person has one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> girdles beforedescribed, which is always <strong>of</strong> a different colour from <strong>the</strong>dress, <strong>and</strong> is, in general, richly ornamented with flowers inembossed silk, <strong>and</strong> sometimes with gold <strong>and</strong> silver threads.This dress is naturally so graceful, that even <strong>the</strong> lo<strong>west</strong>GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 71boatmen have a picturesque appearance. Their hair, whichis <strong>of</strong> a glossy black, is shaved <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> crown, but <strong>the</strong>bare place is concealed by <strong>the</strong>ir mode <strong>of</strong> dressing <strong>the</strong>hair in a close knot over it. Their beards <strong>and</strong> mustachiosare allowed <strong>to</strong> grow, <strong>and</strong> are kept neat <strong>and</strong> smooth.They are ra<strong>the</strong>r low in stature, but are well formed, <strong>and</strong>have an easy graceful carriage, which suits well with<strong>the</strong>ir flowing dress. Their colour is not good, some beingvery dark <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs nearly white, but in most instances<strong>the</strong>y are <strong>of</strong> a deep copper. This is fully compensated forby <strong>the</strong> sweetness <strong>and</strong> intelligence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir countenance.Their eyes, which are black, have a placid expression, <strong>and</strong><strong>the</strong>ir teeth are regular <strong>and</strong> beautifully white. In deportment <strong>the</strong>y are modest, polite, timid, <strong>and</strong> respectful, <strong>and</strong> inshort, appear <strong>to</strong> be a most interesting <strong>and</strong> amiable people.Two <strong>of</strong> our friends who had visited us in <strong>the</strong> morning,<strong>and</strong> whose names we have discovered <strong>to</strong> be Ookooma <strong>and</strong>Jeema, came 011 board again about half past five, <strong>and</strong> staidan hour; <strong>the</strong>y had not received any answer, <strong>the</strong>y said, from<strong>the</strong> Great Man, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>refore could not send pilots <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>" hoonee gua/' or little ship. They were accompanied by achief whom we <strong>to</strong>ok <strong>to</strong> be a Chinese from his looks, <strong>and</strong> hisappearing <strong>to</strong> underst<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> interpreter better than <strong>the</strong>o<strong>the</strong>rs. His formal <strong>and</strong> suspicious manner did not promise
72 VOYAGE TO THEso well as that <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs. They came <strong>to</strong> say that apresent <strong>of</strong> s<strong>to</strong>ck <strong>and</strong> vegetables had been sent <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> ships.It was intimated <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>m that we intended <strong>to</strong> l<strong>and</strong>«<strong>the</strong> nextday, <strong>and</strong> upon <strong>the</strong>ir objecting <strong>to</strong> this, we said that our wishwas <strong>to</strong> wait upon <strong>the</strong> Great Man; <strong>to</strong> which <strong>the</strong>y replied,that no person answering <strong>to</strong> this description resided here.We <strong>the</strong>n said, that it was right we should return <strong>the</strong>ir visit.This argument <strong>the</strong>y combated by saying that <strong>the</strong>y were men<strong>of</strong> unequal rank <strong>to</strong> us, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>refore nowise entitled <strong>to</strong> suchan honour; <strong>and</strong> thatwe,at <strong>the</strong> same time, would be degradingourselves by such undue condescension. This having failed,Captain Maxwell <strong>to</strong>ld <strong>the</strong>m <strong>of</strong> his illness ; upon which, ournew acquaintance, who seemed more earnestly bent agains<strong>to</strong>ur l<strong>and</strong>ing than <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs, <strong>of</strong>fered <strong>to</strong> send a physician onboard <strong>to</strong> see him. Captain Maxwell replied, that his owndoc<strong>to</strong>r had recommended a ride on shore; upon which <strong>the</strong>ylaughed, <strong>and</strong> turned <strong>the</strong> discourse <strong>to</strong> something else.In this way every proposal <strong>to</strong> l<strong>and</strong>, or even allusion <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>shore, was industriously put aside; <strong>and</strong> as it was our wish<strong>to</strong> gain <strong>the</strong>ir good will, <strong>the</strong> matter was dropped for <strong>the</strong>present. Before <strong>the</strong>y went away, Captain Maxwell, pointing<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir pipes, begged <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong> smoke if <strong>the</strong>y wished it; <strong>the</strong>ywere grateful for this considerate attention, but would no<strong>to</strong>n any <strong>account</strong> begin till we shewed <strong>the</strong>m <strong>the</strong> example, byGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND, 73t^smoking with pipes which <strong>the</strong>y prepared for us. Theyappeared more at <strong>the</strong>ir ease after this incident, <strong>and</strong> aftersitting for some time, <strong>to</strong>ok leave for <strong>the</strong> night on <strong>the</strong> mostfriendly terms.18th <strong>of</strong> September.—Captain Maxwell sent <strong>to</strong> me <strong>to</strong> saythat he meant <strong>to</strong> l<strong>and</strong> on a point at some distance from <strong>the</strong><strong>to</strong>wn, in order <strong>to</strong> observe <strong>the</strong> sun's meridian altitude with anartificial horizon. Just as I was setting out <strong>to</strong> accompanyhim, I was taken by surprise by two well-dressed natives^,who were halfway down <strong>the</strong> cabin ladder before I knew <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong>ir approach. One came <strong>to</strong> superintend <strong>the</strong> measurement<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lyra, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r, who seemed <strong>of</strong> inferior rank, <strong>to</strong>explain why some poultry, only <strong>the</strong>n sent, had not come on<strong>the</strong> preceding night, along with <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r presents. I forgot<strong>to</strong> mention, that a bullock, two hogs, two goats, a dozen <strong>and</strong>a half <strong>of</strong> fowls, some c<strong>and</strong>les, wood, <strong>and</strong> water, were sent <strong>to</strong>each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ships. I asked <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong> sit down, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>y wereso well satisfied with <strong>the</strong> Constantia which I gave <strong>the</strong>m, that<strong>the</strong>y remained for some time; owing <strong>to</strong> which delay, I didnot reach <strong>the</strong> shore till <strong>the</strong> time for observing <strong>the</strong> sun hadgone by. I found Captain Maxwell with Ookooma <strong>and</strong> several <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chiefs, <strong>and</strong> an immense crowd <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> natives, all<strong>of</strong> whom had left <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>wn on seeing <strong>the</strong> boat put <strong>of</strong>f, <strong>and</strong>had hastened <strong>to</strong> this spot, ei<strong>the</strong>r out <strong>of</strong> curiosity or respect,
I I"74 VOYAGE TO THEor more probably <strong>to</strong> watch our proceedings. At our request, Ookooma, who appears <strong>to</strong> possess considerable authority, made <strong>the</strong> whole crowd, chiefs <strong>and</strong> all, sit down on<strong>the</strong> grass in a circle round us. Their as<strong>to</strong>nishment at ouroperations was strongly expressed in <strong>the</strong>ir countenances,<strong>and</strong>, indeed, our apparatus <strong>and</strong> behaviour must have looked,<strong>to</strong> perfect strangers, somewhat magical.In <strong>the</strong> first place <strong>the</strong> quicksilver, which <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>m wouldappear like melted metal, was poured in<strong>to</strong> a trough, in afine stream from a wooden bottle ; while it was running out<strong>the</strong> people repeated in an under <strong>to</strong>ne " yi, yi, yi, yi \" butwere silent when <strong>the</strong> glass ro<strong>of</strong> was placed over <strong>the</strong> trough.The circular instrument <strong>and</strong> sextant, fixed on st<strong>and</strong>s, nextattracted <strong>the</strong>ir notice, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>y looked on in pr<strong>of</strong>oundsilence while we were taking <strong>the</strong> sun's altitude. As wewere <strong>to</strong>o late for <strong>the</strong> desired observation, we amused <strong>the</strong>natives by letting <strong>the</strong>m look at <strong>the</strong> two reflected images <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> sun through <strong>the</strong> telescope <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> instruments. Ookoomawas <strong>the</strong> first who looked, <strong>and</strong> being quite unprepared forwhat he saw, started back in as<strong>to</strong>nishment, as if he had unconsciously beheld something supernatural <strong>and</strong> forbidden.The o<strong>the</strong>r chiefs, in <strong>the</strong>ir turn, placed <strong>the</strong>mselves at <strong>the</strong>instrument, as well as several old men who stepped forwardfrom <strong>the</strong> crowd. Some testified <strong>the</strong>ir surprise by a suddenGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 75exclamation; o<strong>the</strong>rs were perfectly calm, so that we couldnot guess what <strong>the</strong>y thought; <strong>and</strong> some held up <strong>the</strong>ir h<strong>and</strong>s,<strong>and</strong> looked as if <strong>the</strong> whole matter was <strong>to</strong>tally beyond <strong>the</strong>reach <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir comprehension. When this was over, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>rewas no longer any necessity for <strong>the</strong> crowd being seated, <strong>the</strong>yclosed round <strong>and</strong> watched us while we were putting <strong>the</strong> instruments up.Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> boys held out <strong>the</strong>ir h<strong>and</strong>s forquicksilver, with which <strong>the</strong>y ran <strong>of</strong>f, quite happy.During this time we were about fifty yards from <strong>the</strong> foot<strong>of</strong> a cliff, on <strong>the</strong> brow <strong>of</strong> which was posted a group <strong>of</strong> womenwitli baskets on <strong>the</strong>ir heads; we were unfortunately not nearenough <strong>to</strong> discern <strong>the</strong>ir features, nor <strong>to</strong> make out <strong>the</strong>ir dressdistinctly; it appeared, however, <strong>to</strong> be like that <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> men,though somewhat shorter, <strong>and</strong> without any girdle round<strong>the</strong> waist.The rock here rises in perpendicular rugged cliffs <strong>of</strong>coral, with a number <strong>of</strong> rude square excavations on its face,which, at first sight, appear <strong>to</strong> have been worn by <strong>the</strong>elements, but on examination shew evident traces <strong>of</strong> artMost <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se caves are closed up by a wall <strong>of</strong> loose s<strong>to</strong>nes,but in one, <strong>of</strong> which <strong>the</strong> mouth was open, several humanbones were found lying amongst <strong>the</strong> s<strong>and</strong>.On removinga s<strong>to</strong>ne from a closed cave, a vase was observed in <strong>the</strong>inside, <strong>of</strong> an elegant shape; <strong>the</strong> people signified <strong>to</strong> us that
76 VOYAGE TO THE<strong>the</strong>se were <strong>the</strong> remains <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dead, but we did not makeout distinctly whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> bones or <strong>the</strong> ashes only werethus preserved. They made no objections <strong>to</strong> our examining<strong>the</strong>se caves, though <strong>the</strong>y certainly were not pleased with it.No notice was taken <strong>of</strong> what Captain Maxwell <strong>and</strong> I did;but Mr. Clifford, who had remained below collecting wordsfrom some intelligent natives, was strongly recommendedby Ookooma <strong>to</strong> go back <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> boat; he walked up, however, without opposition, <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> cave which we had beenexamining, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>y ceased <strong>to</strong> importune him. A number <strong>of</strong>little boys who had observed us occasionally pulling flowers<strong>and</strong> plants, ran about collecting for us, <strong>and</strong> after presentingwhat, <strong>the</strong>y had ga<strong>the</strong>red, with much politeness, ran awaylaughing with an arch expression <strong>of</strong> ridicule at our curiosity.On our way back, instead <strong>of</strong> going directly <strong>of</strong>f' <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>.ships, we <strong>coast</strong>ed along shore in our boats, which gave usa new view <strong>of</strong> a s<strong>to</strong>ne bridge, <strong>of</strong> one arch, connecting twoparts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>wn. On <strong>the</strong> south side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bridge wepassed a space <strong>of</strong> considerable extent, probably set apart asa burying ground. We saw here a number <strong>of</strong> large horseshoe <strong>to</strong>mbs like those used in China, whitewashed, <strong>and</strong>-apparently kept in good repair. Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>mbs,.however, are in <strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong> small square houses, with low
GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 77pyramidal ro<strong>of</strong>s; some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se were tiled, o<strong>the</strong>rs thatched.It is evident that, in what relates <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> dead, <strong>the</strong>y follow,in some respects, <strong>the</strong> Chinese cus<strong>to</strong>ms.The whole <strong>coast</strong> at this place is <strong>of</strong> coral cliffs, <strong>the</strong> base<strong>of</strong> which appears <strong>to</strong> have been scooped out by <strong>the</strong> action <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> sea. As this excavation is at some places higher than<strong>the</strong> waves <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sea can be supposed <strong>to</strong> have ever reached,<strong>the</strong>re is difficulty in assigning <strong>the</strong> sea as <strong>the</strong> cause; yet<strong>the</strong> ro<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> excavation is horizontal for a great extent,<strong>and</strong> its appearance, in every o<strong>the</strong>r respect, suggests that ithas been formed by <strong>the</strong> dashing <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> waves. There is,moreover, some difficulty in <strong>account</strong>ing for coral cliffs beingso much above <strong>the</strong> level <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sea, in which, according<strong>to</strong> every supposition, <strong>the</strong>y must have been formed.The scenery here, as in most countries in <strong>the</strong>se climates,does not admit <strong>of</strong> a satisfac<strong>to</strong>ry description. It may be said,however, that it is more pleasing <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> eye than that <strong>of</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>snear <strong>the</strong> equa<strong>to</strong>r, where <strong>the</strong> vegetation is so pr<strong>of</strong>usely luxuriant, as <strong>to</strong> overload <strong>the</strong> picture with foliage <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> exclusion<strong>of</strong> every thing else. Here <strong>the</strong>re is much variety; <strong>the</strong> numerous groves <strong>of</strong> pine-trees give some parts <strong>of</strong> it anEnglish air, but <strong>the</strong> style <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong>scape is what is calledtropical. The general character <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> scenery at this spotis faithfully preserved in <strong>the</strong> drawing <strong>of</strong> Napakiang.
78 VOYAGE TO THEipth <strong>of</strong> September.—No answer having yet come from<strong>the</strong> Great Man, we begin <strong>to</strong> apprehend that <strong>the</strong>y are going<strong>to</strong> treat us in Chinese style, <strong>and</strong> exclude us from <strong>the</strong>ir countryal<strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r. We have tried in vain <strong>to</strong> discover whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong>King is at this place, or a hundred, or as some maintain, athous<strong>and</strong> miles <strong>of</strong>f; in <strong>the</strong> mean time, as we know <strong>the</strong>isl<strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong> be not more than sixty miles long, it is fair <strong>to</strong>suppose that <strong>the</strong>y wish <strong>to</strong> deceive us.We conjecture that a large building on a rising ground,three or four miles from us in an eastern direction, withtwo flag-staffs near it, is <strong>the</strong> palace mentioned in <strong>the</strong> <strong>account</strong> quoted by Pere Gaubil, Lettres Edifiantes et Curieuses,Tom. XXIII. The natives always refuse <strong>to</strong> give any information when asked about this building.Whenever <strong>the</strong> natives come on board, if at all welldressed, <strong>the</strong>y are asked in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> cabin, where we treat<strong>the</strong>m with cherry br<strong>and</strong>y <strong>and</strong> Constantia. In <strong>the</strong> course<strong>of</strong> conversation <strong>the</strong>y contribute a number <strong>of</strong> new words,<strong>and</strong>, in general, when <strong>the</strong>y see what <strong>the</strong> object is, are verywilling <strong>to</strong> lend <strong>the</strong>ir assistance, <strong>and</strong> take much pains <strong>to</strong> teachus <strong>the</strong> true pronunciation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir words. One man, however, who was not so quick as <strong>the</strong>y generally are, was in<strong>the</strong> cabin <strong>to</strong>-day for some time; Mr. Clifford was gettingfrom him <strong>the</strong> Loo-choo words for sour, sweet, salt, &c.;GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 79<strong>and</strong> in order <strong>to</strong> make him comprehend <strong>the</strong> questions, madehim taste different things that were sour, sweet, <strong>and</strong> so on :<strong>the</strong> poor fellow s<strong>to</strong>od this very well, till some quassia wasgiven <strong>to</strong> him <strong>to</strong> get <strong>the</strong> word " bitter;" he had no soonertasted it, than he ran <strong>of</strong>f quite as<strong>to</strong>nished at <strong>the</strong> manner inwhich he had been entertained.It blew hard this morning, so that <strong>the</strong>re was little intercourse with <strong>the</strong> shore; but <strong>to</strong>wards sunset it moderated,<strong>and</strong> Ookooma, Jeema, <strong>and</strong> four o<strong>the</strong>r Chiefs, came on board,bringing with <strong>the</strong>m a present <strong>of</strong> a bullock, two hogs, goats,<strong>and</strong> vegetables. The Chief whose name is Shayoon is<strong>the</strong> most clever <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m all; he is next in rank <strong>to</strong> Ookooma,but he generally takes <strong>the</strong> lead in discussion; he has aquick intelligent look, with more determination in hismanner than any <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs. They were very particular on all <strong>the</strong>se state occasions <strong>to</strong> observe <strong>the</strong> order <strong>of</strong>precedence, <strong>and</strong> no one sat down till his superior wasseated. When any subject was discussed, one at a timerose <strong>to</strong> speak, but not in order <strong>of</strong> rank, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>y never attempted <strong>to</strong> interrupt one ano<strong>the</strong>r.The wea<strong>the</strong>r at this moment looked so s<strong>to</strong>rmy, that Iwent on board <strong>the</strong> Lyra <strong>to</strong> prepare for a gale; by which Ilost a very interesting conference with <strong>the</strong> chiefs. I learnt
80 VOYAGE TO THEfrom Captain Maxwell afterwards, that he had remonstratedwith <strong>the</strong>m on <strong>the</strong>ir inconsistency <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> pretended difficulty<strong>of</strong> getting answers from court; he gave <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong> underst<strong>and</strong>, that he did not conceive it was treating <strong>the</strong> King <strong>of</strong>Engl<strong>and</strong> with due respect <strong>to</strong> deny his <strong>of</strong>ficers permission <strong>to</strong>walk on shore. Again, that <strong>the</strong>y had promised <strong>to</strong> send pilots,but that none had come; <strong>and</strong> that many o<strong>the</strong>r promises hadnot been performed. He desired <strong>the</strong> interpreter <strong>to</strong> say, tha<strong>the</strong> was not pleased with <strong>the</strong>ir telling him so many differents<strong>to</strong>ries, all <strong>of</strong> which could not be true; first <strong>the</strong>y said that<strong>the</strong> bullocks, hogs, &c. were gifts from <strong>the</strong>mselves; <strong>the</strong>n, that<strong>the</strong>y were sent by <strong>the</strong> Great Man; <strong>the</strong>n, that <strong>the</strong>re was noGreat Man here: in fine, he urged <strong>the</strong>m strongly <strong>to</strong> tell him<strong>the</strong> truth on all points. They made <strong>the</strong> interpreter repeat sixtimes over what Captain Maxwell had desired him <strong>to</strong> say;<strong>the</strong>y <strong>the</strong>n consulted amongst <strong>the</strong>mselves a long time, <strong>and</strong> atlast assured Captain Maxwell, that a reply <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> communications made by <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong> government would reach thisplace next day.As <strong>the</strong> s<strong>to</strong>ck <strong>and</strong> vegetables received by <strong>the</strong> ships had,by this time, amounted <strong>to</strong> a considerable quantity, a bag<strong>of</strong> dollars was <strong>of</strong>fered <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>m, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>y were urged <strong>to</strong>take payment for what had been sent on board; thisGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 81<strong>of</strong>fer, which had been made more than once before, wasstill declined; upon which <strong>the</strong>y were informed, that we considered it improper, as servants <strong>of</strong> government, <strong>to</strong> receivepresents <strong>to</strong> such an extent from individuals. Upon this<strong>the</strong>y gave <strong>the</strong>ir assurance, that <strong>the</strong> s<strong>to</strong>ck had been sen<strong>to</strong>n board by order <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Loo-choo government, on <strong>the</strong>irbeing informed that <strong>the</strong> King <strong>of</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r country's ships hadarrived. No payment <strong>the</strong>y said could <strong>the</strong>refore be taken.With this Captain Maxwell was satisfied. Their wish seems<strong>to</strong> be, <strong>to</strong> prevent our opening any communication with<strong>the</strong>ir government, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>y appear so decided upon <strong>the</strong>sematters, that <strong>the</strong>y will probably succeed, notwithst<strong>and</strong>ingall our efforts.The chiefs have dresses adapted <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> state <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>wea<strong>the</strong>r; yesterday being cold <strong>and</strong> threatening, <strong>the</strong>y allcame on board with a sort <strong>of</strong> cloak or great coat made <strong>of</strong> athick blue stuff'like woollen cloth, but<strong>to</strong>ned in front. It istighter than <strong>the</strong> ordinary dress, <strong>and</strong> is worn over it. It isonly in fine wea<strong>the</strong>r, <strong>and</strong> on state occasions, that <strong>the</strong>y wear<strong>the</strong> b<strong>and</strong> turban, called by <strong>the</strong>m " hatchee matchee;' atall o<strong>the</strong>r times <strong>the</strong>y go uncovered, having <strong>the</strong>ir hair dressedlike <strong>the</strong> rest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> people.20th <strong>of</strong> September.—The mercury in <strong>the</strong> barometer felllast night from 29- 72, <strong>to</strong> 29- 51, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> sky assumed aM
82 VOYAGE TO THE GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 83yellow appearance. We expected a heavy gale, more particularly as it was so near <strong>the</strong> equinox, but we were sosheltered by <strong>the</strong> l<strong>and</strong>, that though it appeared <strong>to</strong> blow hardat sea, we felt nothing <strong>of</strong> it where we lay.Three or four canoes came round <strong>the</strong> south-<strong>west</strong> point<strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong> this forenoon; <strong>the</strong> people in <strong>the</strong>m were supposed<strong>to</strong> have come from <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>, for <strong>the</strong>y didnot appear <strong>to</strong> have seen <strong>the</strong> ships before. One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>sepeople was much delighted with a looking-glass which wasshewn <strong>to</strong> him j he <strong>to</strong>ok it in his h<strong>and</strong>s, <strong>and</strong> calling his companions about him, shewed <strong>the</strong>m in turn its effect. Havingdone so several times, he held it opposite <strong>to</strong> his own facefor four or five minutes without altering his countenance in<strong>the</strong> least; at last he smiled, <strong>and</strong> immediately <strong>and</strong> involuntarily nodded assent <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> image in <strong>the</strong> glass, which had soexactly expressed what he felt himself; he seemed, however, aware, that it was a reflection <strong>of</strong> his own countenance,as he pointed <strong>to</strong> himself, yet he could not restrain hiscuriosity from looking behind, but instantly turned it roundagain. While <strong>the</strong> glass was in his h<strong>and</strong>s, he made us severallong speeches, in which he frequently repeated <strong>the</strong> word" Kagung," <strong>the</strong> Loo-choo name for mirror; but, from hisbehaviour, it is probable he knew it only by name. One <strong>of</strong>this party sold his " Jeewa" or head ornaments for a wineglass. Sometime afterwards, <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs saw a bottle, which<strong>the</strong>y wished <strong>to</strong> purchase in <strong>the</strong> same way; it was, however,given <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>m as a present, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>y went away very wellsatisfied. These canoes were <strong>of</strong> pine, from twelve <strong>to</strong> twentyfeet long, <strong>and</strong> from two <strong>to</strong> four wide; <strong>the</strong>ir anchor is made<strong>of</strong> wood loaded with s<strong>to</strong>nes.As no answer came this morning from <strong>the</strong> Great Man,Captain Maxwell <strong>to</strong>ok <strong>the</strong> ships in<strong>to</strong> a more secure anchorage at <strong>the</strong> north-east corner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bay; our first anchorage being <strong>to</strong>o close <strong>to</strong> a reef, <strong>and</strong> moreover open <strong>to</strong><strong>the</strong> south-<strong>west</strong> winds. The place we had now shifted <strong>to</strong>,xthough apparently exposed, is, in fact, sheltered by a chain<strong>of</strong> reefs under water outside <strong>of</strong> us <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>west</strong>ward. By thischange, we have been brought close <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> bridge .spoken <strong>of</strong>before, <strong>and</strong> are now abreast <strong>the</strong> east end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>wn: <strong>the</strong>Lyra not being more than a quarter <strong>of</strong> a mile from <strong>the</strong>shore. A strict watch is kept on shore, so that noboat leaves <strong>the</strong> ships without being observed. Ordershave been given for <strong>the</strong> whole anchorage <strong>to</strong> be carefullysounded; in doing this, <strong>the</strong> boats <strong>of</strong>ten approach <strong>the</strong> shore,<strong>and</strong> whenever this happens, a crowd <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> natives, headedby one or o<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chiefs, repair <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> spot, <strong>and</strong> wave<strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong> keep far<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong>f.21st <strong>of</strong> September.—There appears <strong>to</strong> be some embargo**
VOYAGE TO THEupon <strong>the</strong> canoes, for <strong>the</strong>re has not been one near us this*morning, <strong>and</strong> only one on board <strong>the</strong> Alceste. It was foundnecessary <strong>to</strong>-day <strong>to</strong> move <strong>the</strong> frigate still far<strong>the</strong>r in, <strong>and</strong>four or five hawsers were laid out for <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> warpingher a-head. While this was going on, <strong>the</strong> beach, <strong>and</strong> all<strong>the</strong> heights near us, were crowded with people, wondering,no doubt, how <strong>the</strong> ship was made <strong>to</strong> move without sails, for<strong>the</strong> hawsers were low down, <strong>and</strong> might have escaped <strong>the</strong>irobservation. In <strong>the</strong> canoe which visited <strong>the</strong> Alceste, <strong>the</strong>recame two men, who had not been seen before; <strong>the</strong>y remained but a short time, which was spent in examining <strong>the</strong>hawsers <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> mode <strong>of</strong> warping <strong>the</strong> ship. As soon as<strong>the</strong>y had made <strong>the</strong>mselves master <strong>of</strong> this subject, <strong>the</strong>y wen<strong>to</strong>n shore, as if <strong>to</strong> make a report. During <strong>the</strong>ir visit <strong>the</strong>ysaid little, being intent upon what was going on; but <strong>the</strong>interpreter learnt from one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m, that a Great Man hadactually come, or was expected in <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>wn <strong>to</strong>-day. Areport prevails, that <strong>the</strong> King <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong> has lately beenon board in disguise. We cannot trace <strong>the</strong> report <strong>to</strong> anygood foundation, <strong>and</strong> it is probably false. At <strong>the</strong> sametime, if his Majesty has any curiosity, it is not unlikelythat he may have come near enough <strong>to</strong> see such a strangesight as we must be.It is possible that our moving up so close <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>wnGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 85has alarmed <strong>the</strong> people, <strong>and</strong> may have prevented <strong>the</strong>irvisiting us as heret<strong>of</strong>ore; at all events, it is very unfair inour friends, <strong>the</strong> Chiefs, nei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>to</strong> let <strong>the</strong> people come onboard, nor <strong>to</strong> allow us <strong>to</strong> go on shore <strong>to</strong> look at <strong>the</strong>m.9Our' occupation in <strong>the</strong> mean time is <strong>to</strong> observe <strong>the</strong>natives through <strong>the</strong> telescope placed on a table on <strong>the</strong>Lyra's poop.The s<strong>to</strong>ne bridge appears <strong>to</strong> be a greatthoroughfare, several roads from <strong>the</strong> country leading <strong>to</strong> it;it seems also <strong>to</strong> be <strong>the</strong> only entrance <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>wn on thisside.Nobody crosses it without s<strong>to</strong>pping <strong>to</strong> look at us,<strong>and</strong> a crowd <strong>of</strong> idle people have taken post on <strong>and</strong> aboutit. We see a number <strong>of</strong> women coming from <strong>the</strong> countrywith baskets on <strong>the</strong>ir heads. Their outer dress differs fromthat <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> men, it is open in front, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>y have nogirdle; <strong>the</strong>y have an under dress, or sack, which is alsoloose, but not open; in some we can see that this comesnearly <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> feet, in o<strong>the</strong>rs just <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> knee, <strong>and</strong> we imagine that those who work in <strong>the</strong> fields have <strong>the</strong> short dress:most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m allow <strong>the</strong>ir upper garment <strong>to</strong> flow out with<strong>the</strong> wind behind <strong>the</strong>m.We observe a woman carrying achild across <strong>the</strong> hip as in India, with its h<strong>and</strong>s on itsmo<strong>the</strong>r's shoulder, while her arm is round <strong>the</strong> child's waist.One young lady has been seen for some time amusing her-! self by making a dog bark at <strong>the</strong> ships. We see women
VOYAGE TO THEbeating rice in wooden mortars". On <strong>the</strong> banks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>stream which <strong>the</strong> bridge crosses, <strong>the</strong>re are a number <strong>of</strong>people washing clo<strong>the</strong>s, which <strong>the</strong>y perform in <strong>the</strong> Indianway, by dipping <strong>the</strong> clo<strong>the</strong>s in water <strong>and</strong> beating <strong>the</strong>m ons<strong>to</strong>nes. From one end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> beach <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong>re is arange <strong>of</strong> people watching us, <strong>the</strong>y are formed here <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>rein<strong>to</strong> groups; one <strong>of</strong> which, on a craggy knoll abreast <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> ships, has struck us as being particularly interesting. Afine majestic looking man, whose full beard <strong>and</strong> flowing garments remind us <strong>of</strong> a figure in <strong>the</strong> Car<strong>to</strong>ons <strong>of</strong> Raphael, isst<strong>and</strong>ing in <strong>the</strong> middle <strong>of</strong> a circle <strong>of</strong> old men, who are lyingon <strong>the</strong> grass, <strong>and</strong> appear <strong>to</strong> be listening <strong>to</strong> him.22nd <strong>of</strong> September.—This morning brings us no news,no permission <strong>to</strong> l<strong>and</strong>! A number <strong>of</strong> flags <strong>and</strong> streamers aredisplayed on <strong>the</strong> masts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> vessels in <strong>the</strong> inner harbour,<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>re seems <strong>to</strong> be something going on on shore; no boatshave come <strong>to</strong> us, <strong>and</strong> we have no occupation but lookingthrough <strong>the</strong> glass, which, however, affords a good deal <strong>of</strong> entertainment, particularly as <strong>the</strong> people whom we see with itact in <strong>the</strong> usual way, being unconscious <strong>of</strong> our scrutiny.In <strong>the</strong> afternoon a number <strong>of</strong> boats left <strong>the</strong> shore <strong>and</strong>proceeded <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Alceste in procession. In <strong>the</strong> foremostboat <strong>the</strong>re seemed <strong>to</strong> be a person <strong>of</strong> consequence, whomwe immediately conjectured <strong>to</strong> be <strong>the</strong> Great Man alludedGREAT LOO-CHOC ISLAND. 87<strong>to</strong> by <strong>the</strong> people yesterday. He got on board <strong>the</strong> Alcestebefore us, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> natives also had left <strong>the</strong>ir canoes, sothat we found <strong>the</strong> ship's decks crowded with people. TheChief, whom we found seated in <strong>the</strong> cabin, was clo<strong>the</strong>din purple silk, with a light purple hatchee matchee. An<strong>of</strong>ficial communication <strong>of</strong> our his<strong>to</strong>ry was now repeated at<strong>the</strong> old man's request. He listened with great attentiontill Captain Maxwell concluded his statement, by informinghim that <strong>the</strong> ship was leaky <strong>and</strong> required frequent pumping. He <strong>the</strong>n begged permission <strong>to</strong> see this operation, ifit would not give <strong>to</strong>o much trouble. As this was exactlywhat we wished, <strong>the</strong> chain pumps were ordered <strong>to</strong> be gotready, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> conference went on, consisting principally<strong>of</strong> compliments. Observing that we <strong>to</strong>ok notice <strong>of</strong> hisbeing a little deaf, he seemed anxious <strong>to</strong> explain that thiswas <strong>the</strong> effect <strong>of</strong> age. He made us feel his pulse, <strong>and</strong> lookat <strong>the</strong> wi<strong>the</strong>red state <strong>of</strong> his h<strong>and</strong>, <strong>the</strong>n taking ours <strong>and</strong>feeling <strong>the</strong> pulse, held <strong>the</strong>m up along with his own, <strong>and</strong>laughed with great good humour at <strong>the</strong> contrast which agehad produced. He was about sixty years old, <strong>and</strong> hisbeard <strong>of</strong> thin hair was as white as snow: he had a cheerfulness <strong>of</strong> expression, <strong>and</strong> a liveliness <strong>of</strong> manner, which areremarkable for a man <strong>of</strong> his years. His manners weregraceful <strong>and</strong> elegant, <strong>and</strong> from <strong>the</strong> first moment he seemed
K88 VOYAGE TO THEquite at his ease. Every thing about him, in short, indicated good-breeding, <strong>and</strong> a familiarity with good society;<strong>and</strong> we could not help remarking his decided superiority inappearance over <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r chiefs.When <strong>the</strong> pumps were ready, he was escorted <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> maindeck, where he sat for some time in great admiration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>machinery; <strong>and</strong> seeing <strong>the</strong> labour required <strong>to</strong> work it, heseemed really affected at our situation, which he naturally -thought must be very bad, from <strong>the</strong> immense quantity <strong>of</strong>water thrown out by <strong>the</strong> pumps. The ship being upright, <strong>the</strong>water did not run <strong>of</strong>f freely from <strong>the</strong> deck, <strong>and</strong> in a short time/it flowed round <strong>the</strong> chair in which <strong>the</strong> old man was seated.Three or four <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sailors seeing him somewhat uneasy atthis inundation, <strong>to</strong>ok him up chair <strong>and</strong> all, <strong>and</strong> placed himon a dry spot. The old gentleman was surprised, not displeased, <strong>and</strong> very graciously replied <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> low bows which<strong>the</strong> sailors made him. On returning <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> cabin, <strong>the</strong>y wereall entertained as usual with sweet wine, cherry br<strong>and</strong>y,<strong>and</strong> pipes. The old man filled pipes for us, <strong>and</strong> as soon asthis part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ceremonial had been gone through, a formalrequest was made for permission <strong>to</strong> l<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Alceste's casks<strong>and</strong> s<strong>to</strong>res, in order <strong>to</strong> s<strong>to</strong>p <strong>the</strong> leak <strong>and</strong> make o<strong>the</strong>r repairs.This produced a long discussion amongst <strong>the</strong> chiefs, inwhich <strong>the</strong> old man joined but little; he spoke, however, nowGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 89<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n, <strong>and</strong> whatever he said, appeared <strong>to</strong> be <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>purpose. Whenever <strong>the</strong> chiefs spoke, <strong>the</strong>y rose <strong>and</strong> addressed <strong>the</strong>mselves <strong>to</strong> him in a most respectful manner. Atlength, having agreed about an answer, <strong>the</strong>y communicated<strong>to</strong> Captain Maxwell that <strong>the</strong>re was no good place here for<strong>the</strong> purposes he wanted, <strong>and</strong> that as our present anchoragewas unsafe, <strong>the</strong>y recommended our going round <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>harbour alluded <strong>to</strong> on a former occasion. At this place,which <strong>the</strong>y call Winching or Oonching, he said we mightput on shore whatever we chose. On our asking if in Winching <strong>the</strong> water was deep enough <strong>to</strong> admit a large ship, along discussion arose, during which <strong>the</strong>y appeared <strong>to</strong> beconsidering <strong>the</strong> merits <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> harbour. They seemed apprehensive <strong>of</strong> giving it <strong>to</strong>o high a character, <strong>and</strong> that on ourreaching it we should be disappointed. The old man atlength suggested sending <strong>the</strong> " little ship" <strong>to</strong> see whe<strong>the</strong>r itwould answer. To this Captain Maxwell agreed, onlyrequesting that a person might accompany us, in order <strong>to</strong>save time in <strong>the</strong> search. Simple as this appears, <strong>the</strong>y <strong>to</strong>ok along time <strong>to</strong> consider it, <strong>and</strong> ended by saying that no replycould be given till <strong>the</strong> next day.While <strong>the</strong> subject <strong>of</strong> this harbour was under discussion<strong>the</strong> old man drew on a sheet <strong>of</strong> paper, a chart <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong><strong>and</strong> pointed out <strong>the</strong> place where <strong>the</strong> harbour lay. It provedN
90 VOYAGE TO THEafterwards, when we had surveyed <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>, that thissketch possessed considerable accuracy, as <strong>the</strong> situation <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> harbour <strong>of</strong> which <strong>the</strong>y spoke corresponds exactly withthat <strong>of</strong> Port Melville, discovered in <strong>the</strong> Lyra. It i& much<strong>to</strong> be regretted that this curious sketch is lost.The Chief now walked about <strong>the</strong> cabin, examined <strong>the</strong>globes, books, <strong>and</strong> pictures, with great attention. Thewainscot struck him particularly, as well as <strong>the</strong> machinery<strong>and</strong> finish <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> windows <strong>and</strong> sliding shutters. CaptainMaxwell tried <strong>to</strong> make him comprehend our track on <strong>the</strong>globe. He had felt it becoming <strong>to</strong> preserve some statewhile business was going on, but he now became quitechatty <strong>and</strong> familiar. He went all over <strong>the</strong> ship, accompanied by <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r chiefs <strong>and</strong> his own personal suite,consisting <strong>of</strong> a pipe bearer, a man who carried his largecamp chair, ano<strong>the</strong>r with a cover <strong>of</strong> red cloth for <strong>the</strong> chair,<strong>and</strong> a man who carried a round Japan box for <strong>the</strong> hatcheematchee.Two o<strong>the</strong>rs <strong>to</strong>ok it in turn <strong>to</strong> fan him, <strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong>hold his arm by <strong>the</strong> elbow <strong>and</strong> wrist whenever he walkedabout; probably as a piece <strong>of</strong> state, for <strong>the</strong> ship had verylittle motion: <strong>the</strong>se fanners were very expert at <strong>the</strong>irbusiness, for not content with cooling his face <strong>and</strong> neck,<strong>the</strong>y lifted up his large sleeves <strong>and</strong> fanned his arms. Onreturning <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> cabin, he saw Mr. Clifford using gloves,GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 91<strong>and</strong> begged leave <strong>to</strong> try <strong>the</strong>m on; with <strong>the</strong> right one hesucceeded very well, but <strong>the</strong> nails <strong>of</strong> his left h<strong>and</strong> beingabout an inch long, he found it not so easy a matter:he seemed <strong>to</strong> think <strong>the</strong>m <strong>the</strong> oddest things he had met with,<strong>and</strong> laughing much, held <strong>the</strong>m up repeatedly <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rchiefs.The old man brought a present for Captain Maxwell,<strong>and</strong> sent ano<strong>the</strong>r <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lyra, consisting <strong>of</strong> a hog, a kid, twobags <strong>of</strong> pota<strong>to</strong>es, a basket <strong>of</strong> charcoal, thirty bundles <strong>of</strong>eggs (five in each), a bundle <strong>of</strong> vermicelli, <strong>and</strong> a jar <strong>of</strong> anardent spirit called samchew. All <strong>the</strong> chiefs, who were in<strong>the</strong>ir best attire, were severally accompanied by a mancarrying a box for <strong>the</strong> ha'tchee-matchee; <strong>the</strong>ir dresses were<strong>of</strong> various colours, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir s<strong>and</strong>als <strong>and</strong> s<strong>to</strong>ckings allalike. On rising <strong>to</strong> go away, <strong>the</strong> old man bowed <strong>to</strong> me, <strong>and</strong>said that he meant <strong>to</strong> visit my ship; but this being evidentlycomplimentary, I begged him not <strong>to</strong> take so much trouble:he, in return, expressed himself obliged <strong>to</strong> me for beingsatisfied with <strong>the</strong> politeness intended. The Embassador'sbarge was manned <strong>to</strong> take him on shore, but as soon as hesaw what was intended, he drew back, <strong>and</strong> declared that hecould not l<strong>and</strong> in any boat but his own. As it was supposedthat his modesty prevented his accepting this <strong>of</strong>fer, he wasurged <strong>to</strong> overcome his scruples, <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong> in <strong>the</strong> manner
VOYAGE TO THEproposed; he still, however, declined <strong>the</strong> honour, but atlast went down <strong>the</strong> ladder, <strong>and</strong> having stepped in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>barge, made a bow <strong>to</strong> Captain Maxwell, as if in acknow-rledgment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> attention, but immediately afterwards wentin<strong>to</strong> his own boat <strong>and</strong> pushed <strong>of</strong>f, under a salute <strong>of</strong> threeguns from each ship.Our intention <strong>of</strong> returning this visit <strong>the</strong> next day wasnot mentioned during <strong>the</strong> discussions in <strong>the</strong> cabin, from <strong>the</strong>certainty <strong>of</strong> its being -combated, <strong>and</strong> perhaps overruled:but when <strong>the</strong> last <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chiefs was getting in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> boat,<strong>the</strong> interpreter was desired <strong>to</strong> tell him, in a careless way, asa matter <strong>of</strong> course, that next morning this visit would bereturned on shore. As had been foreseen, this did notreceive <strong>the</strong>ir approbation; <strong>the</strong> interpreter went in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>boat, where every persuasion was used <strong>to</strong> convince him <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> impropriety <strong>of</strong> our intention : <strong>the</strong>y could not succeed,however, in making him yield this point, <strong>and</strong> at. length wentaway. This interpreter is called " John" by all parties, <strong>and</strong>though merely an under servant <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fac<strong>to</strong>ry at Can<strong>to</strong>n,he is a very shrewd fellow. His English is certainly not <strong>the</strong>best, <strong>and</strong> probably <strong>the</strong> Chinese he speaks is <strong>the</strong> base provincial language <strong>of</strong> Can<strong>to</strong>n; so that misunderst<strong>and</strong>ingsare no doubt <strong>of</strong>ten caused by his erroneous interpretation.John's report after <strong>the</strong> boat had put <strong>of</strong>f, <strong>and</strong> from whichGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND.we ga<strong>the</strong>r that we shall be expected, was as follows: " Theyax me, ' what for my Ta-yin come sho?' I say, ' <strong>to</strong> makechin-chin* <strong>the</strong>y Ta-yin;' <strong>the</strong>y tell me, ' You Ta-yin <strong>to</strong>e-much great m<strong>and</strong>arine, no can come sho;' I say, ' Whatfor my Ta-yin no come sho ? He great man; he -f- Ta-wang-tee <strong>to</strong>o much great man; he let you Ta-yin come boardship, <strong>and</strong> you no let him come sho, chin-chin you Ta-yin ;Avhat for this ?' Then <strong>the</strong>y speak long time <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r; by <strong>and</strong>by ax me, ' how many people bring sho you Ta-yin ?' So Ishake my head, I no like give answer long time, (<strong>the</strong>yalways take long time answer me). When <strong>the</strong>y ax me again,I say, « Ta-yin bring five people mo besides me/ They say,' <strong>to</strong>o much men come;' I say, «ax, ' What time come ?' I give no answer."No, no <strong>to</strong>o much.' They23d September.—As we had not contemplated suchadventures as <strong>the</strong>se, we had made no preparations for<strong>the</strong>m; <strong>and</strong> now that it was necessary <strong>to</strong> make somereturn <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> chief whom we were going <strong>to</strong> visit, we foundgreat difficulty in preparing a suitable present.CaptainMaxwell <strong>to</strong>ok with him several dozens <strong>of</strong> wine, some books,glasses, various trinkets, <strong>and</strong> a large piece <strong>of</strong> blue broad* Chin-chin in <strong>the</strong> corrupt dialect <strong>of</strong> Can<strong>to</strong>n, means <strong>the</strong> ceremony <strong>of</strong> salutation, which consists in <strong>the</strong> action <strong>of</strong> holding up <strong>the</strong> closed h<strong>and</strong>s, pressed<strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r before <strong>the</strong> face, <strong>and</strong> bowing at <strong>the</strong> same time.•f Ta-whang-tee is Chinese for Emperor, King.
100 VOYAGE TO THE GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 101;jr"ii[II HIM!.sailors, who had been kept in <strong>the</strong> boats for fear <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>irdoing mischief, had not been neglected by <strong>the</strong> Chief, whohad sent <strong>the</strong>m part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> feast, nor did it seem that <strong>the</strong>yhad any objection <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> sackee. We looked anxiously on<strong>the</strong> right <strong>and</strong> left as we passed through <strong>the</strong> crowd, in hopes<strong>of</strong> seeing some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> women, but in this expectation wewere disappointed. At a considerable distance indeed, on<strong>the</strong> opposite side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> harbour, we saw a group <strong>of</strong> women,several <strong>of</strong> whom came down <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> causeway <strong>to</strong> obtain abetter view <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> boats as <strong>the</strong>y passed. Six or eight younggirls ran <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> pier head, round some rocks near <strong>the</strong> end;<strong>the</strong>y reached this spot just as we rowed past, but lookedquite frightened at finding <strong>the</strong>mselves so near us, <strong>and</strong>immediately drew 'back out <strong>of</strong> our sight. We fancied thatwe could discover a good deal <strong>of</strong> beauty in some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>irfaces, <strong>and</strong> that <strong>the</strong>ir figures were h<strong>and</strong>some ; but as we hadnot seen a fair lady's face for nearly half a year before, ourjudgment in this case is not perhaps <strong>to</strong> be depended on.Ookooma <strong>and</strong> his associates put <strong>of</strong>f <strong>to</strong> accompany us in one<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir own boats, but as it blew hard, <strong>the</strong>y came no far<strong>the</strong>rthan <strong>the</strong> pier head: Jeeroo, however, was sent along withus, <strong>to</strong> see that <strong>the</strong>re were no stray sheep.What is <strong>to</strong> follow is uncertain, but it is clear that we havemade little progress <strong>of</strong> late, while fresh obstacles have beenhourly rising against our l<strong>and</strong>ing; in <strong>the</strong> meantime, <strong>the</strong> Loochooansshew no little sagacity <strong>and</strong> kindness <strong>of</strong> dispositionin supplying us liberally with all kinds <strong>of</strong> s<strong>to</strong>ck.24th <strong>of</strong> September.—Last night <strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong>-day it has blowna hard gale <strong>of</strong> wind, beginning at north north-east, <strong>and</strong>shifting <strong>to</strong> north-<strong>west</strong>, but <strong>the</strong> reefs <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> l<strong>and</strong> break itsforce, <strong>and</strong> enable us <strong>to</strong> ride in perfect security : in all probability it blew severely in <strong>the</strong> open sea. The barometerfell from 29. 62, <strong>to</strong> 29. 50, yesterday; in <strong>the</strong> evening it hadreached 29. 48, <strong>and</strong> this morning s<strong>to</strong>od at 29. 40. Aboutfour in <strong>the</strong> morning it began <strong>to</strong> rise rapidly, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> severity<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> gale did not come on till it had risen a good deal.The <strong>the</strong>rmometer both in <strong>the</strong> day <strong>and</strong> night st<strong>and</strong>s at 82°,with very little variation, but <strong>the</strong> sky being constantlyclouded, no observations could be made.25th <strong>of</strong> September.—Jeeroo came on board this morningwith a present <strong>of</strong> vegetables <strong>and</strong> fruit, <strong>and</strong> afterwards wen<strong>to</strong>n board <strong>the</strong> Aleeste <strong>to</strong> join Ookooma <strong>and</strong> Jeema. Theybad preceded him with a present from <strong>the</strong> Chief, by whosedesire <strong>the</strong>y made a number <strong>of</strong> kind inquiries, <strong>and</strong> repeatedlyexpressed, in his name, surprise <strong>and</strong> satisfaction at ourhaving been able <strong>to</strong> ride out <strong>the</strong> gale. They also apologizedfor not visiting us yesterday, which <strong>the</strong> gale had renderedimpossible. It was represented in <strong>the</strong> conference <strong>to</strong>-day,that our limbs were getting quite stiff for want <strong>of</strong> exercise,
VOYAGE TO THE GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 103<strong>and</strong> that it became absolutely necessary for us <strong>to</strong> l<strong>and</strong>, on<strong>account</strong> <strong>of</strong> our health: <strong>the</strong>y debated amongst <strong>the</strong>mselvesfor some time, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n said that a final answer would begiven <strong>to</strong>-morrow. They have quite forgotten <strong>the</strong>ir promise<strong>to</strong> send a pilot for <strong>the</strong> harbour <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> northward: <strong>the</strong>y wishalso that we should forget it, since <strong>the</strong>y change <strong>the</strong> subjectwhenever it is spoken <strong>of</strong>, <strong>and</strong> affect <strong>to</strong>tal ignorance <strong>of</strong> ourmeaning. The government probably think it best <strong>to</strong> keepus where we are, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>refore discourage our investigating<strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong> any fur<strong>the</strong>r.Jeeroo, who begins <strong>to</strong> get quite familiar with us all, is alaughing good-humoured man, about thirty: he shakes everyone cordially by <strong>the</strong> h<strong>and</strong> when he comes on board, <strong>and</strong> engages in all our amusements with great cheerfulness. He isvery useful <strong>to</strong> us, because <strong>the</strong> anxiety he has <strong>to</strong> learn Englishmakes him communicate freely <strong>the</strong> knowledge <strong>of</strong> his ownlanguage: thus <strong>the</strong>re is little difficulty in fixing him over aglass <strong>of</strong> Constantia, upon which occasions he contributeslargely <strong>to</strong> Mr. Clifford's vocabulary. Some <strong>of</strong> our words <strong>the</strong>Loo-chooans cannot pronounce; <strong>the</strong> letter I preceded by cappears <strong>the</strong> most difficult; <strong>the</strong>y call Clifford " Criffar," <strong>and</strong>even this requires many efforts : not one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> natives hasyet been able <strong>to</strong> make any thing <strong>of</strong> child; <strong>the</strong>y call it shoidah,choiah, <strong>and</strong> chyad.26th <strong>of</strong> September.—No boats have been near us <strong>to</strong>-day,<strong>and</strong> we might readily l<strong>and</strong> if we chose it; but Cap tain Maxwell is resolved not <strong>to</strong> do so till he gets <strong>the</strong> consent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>natives.27th <strong>of</strong> September.—As we were still prevented fromgoing on shore, we amused ourselves by examining a reefwhich forms <strong>the</strong> north side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> anchorage. We found afield <strong>of</strong> coral about half a mile square, dry at low water,with <strong>the</strong> surf breaking very high on <strong>the</strong> outer edge, whichlies exposed <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> waves from <strong>the</strong> north. The surface <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> rock is every where worn in<strong>to</strong> small holes, which beingleft full <strong>of</strong> water as <strong>the</strong> tide goes out, are occupied by anumber <strong>of</strong> beautiful blue fish. The coral is exceedinglyhard, <strong>and</strong> though at many places it sticks up in sharp'points, it requires a hammer <strong>of</strong> considerable weight <strong>to</strong>break it, <strong>and</strong> emits sparks like flint when struck; in ashort time it entirely defaces <strong>the</strong> hammer. This extent<strong>of</strong> level space has suggested <strong>the</strong> idea <strong>of</strong> measuring a baseon it in order <strong>to</strong> survey <strong>the</strong> anchorage, since <strong>the</strong>re appearsso little chance <strong>of</strong> our being allowed <strong>to</strong> l<strong>and</strong> for this purposeon <strong>the</strong> beach.While we were deliberating on this matter, we had astriking pro<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> inconvenience <strong>to</strong> which we were likely<strong>to</strong> be exposed during this survey, by <strong>the</strong> tide rising <strong>and</strong>
104 VOYAGE TO THEfairly washing us <strong>of</strong>f. Notwithst<strong>and</strong>ing this, we determined<strong>to</strong> commence next morning, <strong>and</strong> returned <strong>to</strong> make preparations, in high spirits^ at <strong>the</strong> prospect <strong>of</strong> an occupation,if not on terra firma, at least out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ship, within whosesides we had been confined so long. On returning, wefound that Captain Maxwell had arranged a party <strong>to</strong> visit<strong>the</strong> small isl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> reef which we were so close <strong>to</strong> on <strong>the</strong>14th instant; <strong>the</strong> survey was <strong>the</strong>refore postponed.Jeeroo sent us <strong>of</strong>f some fresh fish <strong>to</strong>-day ; some were red,<strong>and</strong> one or two blue: he came himself afterwards, <strong>and</strong> washappy <strong>to</strong> find us much gratified by his present. A formalmessage was sent <strong>to</strong>-day <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> chiefs in attendance,stating that both ships were in want <strong>of</strong> fresh water, <strong>and</strong> that<strong>the</strong> boats must go on shore with casks <strong>to</strong> bring some <strong>of</strong>f.In a short time after this message had been delivered, anumber <strong>of</strong> canoes came alongside with large tubs <strong>of</strong> water; astrong pro<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir alertness in getting rid <strong>of</strong> all our excusesfor l<strong>and</strong>ing, <strong>and</strong> at <strong>the</strong> same time, it must be owned, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>irreadiness <strong>to</strong> supply our wants. An elderly gentleman, not achief, visited us <strong>to</strong>-day, accompanied by his secretary. Hisappearance <strong>and</strong> manners being greatly in his favour, we paidhim all <strong>the</strong> attention in our power. His wish was <strong>to</strong> bepermitted <strong>to</strong> go all over <strong>the</strong> ship at his leisure; <strong>and</strong> in thisGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 105way he examined every thing on board with far more attention than any body had done before him. His secretary,who was equally inquisitive, accompanied him in order <strong>to</strong>take notes. He employed himself for about six hours inexamining <strong>the</strong> upper deck, <strong>and</strong> never quitted any thing tillhe unders<strong>to</strong>od its use. While he was thus occupied, he wasattended by <strong>the</strong> sailors, who were pleased with his reverendappearance, <strong>and</strong> very readily assisted <strong>the</strong> old man in hisenquiries.It was interesting <strong>to</strong> observe, indeed, how early <strong>the</strong>gentle <strong>and</strong> engaging manners <strong>of</strong> all classes here Avon upon<strong>the</strong> sailors, no less than upon <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers. The natives from<strong>the</strong> first were treated with entire confidence; no watch wasever kept over <strong>the</strong>m, nor were <strong>the</strong>y excluded from any part<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ships; <strong>and</strong> not only was nothing s<strong>to</strong>len, but whenany thing was lost, nobody even suspected for an instant,that it had been taken by <strong>the</strong>m.The old man next came down <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> cabin, where heremained a long time examining <strong>the</strong> books <strong>and</strong> furniture,<strong>and</strong> occasionally engaging in conversation with Mr. Clifford, for whose Vocabulary he supplied many new words,<strong>and</strong> corrected o<strong>the</strong>rs which had been written down erroneously. He would not accept any thing valuable, butwas grateful for samples <strong>of</strong> rope, canvas, <strong>and</strong> cloth. Thisp'Hi;
106 VOYAGE TO THEold gentleman renewed his examination <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> brig nextday; nor was it till <strong>the</strong> third day that he completed hissurvey.28th <strong>of</strong> September.—At sunrise we set out for ReefIsl<strong>and</strong>, which lies about six miles from <strong>the</strong> anchorage: wereached it in about an hour, but as it was low water, <strong>the</strong>coral was left almost bare for a considerable way out, <strong>and</strong>our large boat could not get near <strong>the</strong> beach.In this dilemma we <strong>to</strong>ok possession <strong>of</strong> a canoe which was at anchor,<strong>and</strong> in several trips all <strong>the</strong> party l<strong>and</strong>ed.Near a hut wesaw about a dozen people who s<strong>to</strong>od looking at us till wel<strong>and</strong>ed, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n ran away, leaving <strong>the</strong>ir <strong>to</strong>bacco-pipes,pouches, <strong>and</strong> various o<strong>the</strong>r things on <strong>the</strong> ground about <strong>the</strong>hut, in which we found a pot <strong>of</strong> boiled sweet pota<strong>to</strong>es <strong>and</strong>several jars <strong>of</strong> water.Having, in vain, tried <strong>to</strong> allay <strong>the</strong>apprehensions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> natives by waving <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>m, <strong>to</strong> induce<strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong> approach us, we sat down <strong>to</strong> breakfast; which wehad hardly done, when two <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m, an old man <strong>and</strong> a boy,came <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> door <strong>of</strong> our tent <strong>and</strong> prostrated <strong>the</strong>mselvesbefore us, apparently in great alarm, for <strong>the</strong>y answered incoherently, " ooa" (yes) <strong>to</strong> every question we asked <strong>the</strong>m.At last Ave raised <strong>the</strong> old man on his knees, but he wouldnot quit this posture till we gave him a glass <strong>of</strong> ruin, whichre-assured him a little, <strong>and</strong> shortly afterwards he consentedGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 107<strong>to</strong> st<strong>and</strong> on his legs. Having thus gradually gained confidence, he made signs that we had taken his canoe: uponwhich an order was given <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> coxswain <strong>to</strong> res<strong>to</strong>re it. Heguessed immediately what was said, <strong>and</strong> in <strong>the</strong> joy <strong>of</strong> hisheart was proceeding <strong>to</strong> prostrate himself again, but wass<strong>to</strong>pped by our holding out but<strong>to</strong>ns <strong>and</strong> some pieces <strong>of</strong>meat <strong>and</strong> bread <strong>to</strong> him, which he received in both h<strong>and</strong>s,<strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong>uching his head each time with <strong>the</strong> presents, madethree low obeisances <strong>and</strong> retired.On rising from breakfast we found, near <strong>the</strong> tent, abouta dozen natives, who, in most respects, resembled ourfriends at Napakiang, but were not so neatly dressed; <strong>and</strong><strong>the</strong>ir hair, instead <strong>of</strong> being formed in<strong>to</strong> a knot, was allowed<strong>to</strong> fly loose. During <strong>the</strong> morning <strong>the</strong> party amused <strong>the</strong>mselves in various ways. Some <strong>to</strong>ok <strong>the</strong>ir guns <strong>and</strong> went insearch <strong>of</strong> curlews <strong>and</strong> sea-snipes: o<strong>the</strong>rs set out <strong>to</strong> explore<strong>the</strong> reefs; <strong>and</strong> two or three remained near <strong>the</strong> tent, for <strong>the</strong>purpose <strong>of</strong> making observations on <strong>the</strong> sun at noon; but asit became cloudy about this time, <strong>the</strong> latter party failedin <strong>the</strong>ir object. The rest were more successful; <strong>the</strong> sportsmen having shot some game for dinner; <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rparty having found all things favourable for inspecting<strong>the</strong> reef.The examination <strong>of</strong> a coral reef during <strong>the</strong> different
I " 111I1"" I108 VOYAGE TO THEstages <strong>of</strong> one tide, is particularly interesting. When <strong>the</strong>tide has left it for some time it becomes dry, <strong>and</strong> appears<strong>to</strong> be a compact rock, exceedingly hard <strong>and</strong> ragged; but as<strong>the</strong> tide rises, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> waves begin <strong>to</strong> wash over it, <strong>the</strong>coral worms protrude <strong>the</strong>mselves from holes which werebefore invisible. These animals are <strong>of</strong> a great variety <strong>of</strong>shapes <strong>and</strong> sizes, <strong>and</strong> in such prodigious numbers, that, ina short time, <strong>the</strong> whole surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rock appears <strong>to</strong> bealive <strong>and</strong> in motion. The most common worm is in <strong>the</strong>form <strong>of</strong> a star, with arms from four <strong>to</strong> six inches long,which are moved about with a rapid motion in all directions, probably <strong>to</strong> catch food. O<strong>the</strong>rs are so sluggish, that <strong>the</strong>y may be mistaken for pieces <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rock,<strong>and</strong> are generally <strong>of</strong> a dark colour, <strong>and</strong> from four <strong>to</strong> fiveinches long, <strong>and</strong> two or three round. When <strong>the</strong> coral isbroken, about high water mark, it is a solid hard s<strong>to</strong>ne, butif any part <strong>of</strong> it be detached at a spot which <strong>the</strong> tide reachesevery day, it is found <strong>to</strong> be full <strong>of</strong> worms <strong>of</strong> different lengths<strong>and</strong> colours, some being as fine as a thread <strong>and</strong> severalfeet long, <strong>of</strong> a bright yellow, <strong>and</strong> sometimes <strong>of</strong> a blue colour:o<strong>the</strong>rs resemble snails, <strong>and</strong> some are not unlike lobsters inshape, but s<strong>of</strong>t, <strong>and</strong> not above two inches long *.* A large collection, which was at this time made <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se Zoophites, wasunfortunately lost in <strong>the</strong> Alceste.GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 109The growth <strong>of</strong> coral appears <strong>to</strong> cease when <strong>the</strong> worm is nolonger exposed <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> washing <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sea. Thus, a reefrises in <strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong> a cauliflower, till its <strong>to</strong>p has gained <strong>the</strong>level <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> highest tides, above which <strong>the</strong> worm has nopower <strong>to</strong> advance, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> reef <strong>of</strong> course no longer extendsitself upwards. The o<strong>the</strong>r parts, in succession, reach <strong>the</strong> surface, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>re s<strong>to</strong>p, forming in time a level field with steepsides all round. The reef, however, continually increases,<strong>and</strong> being prevented from going higher, extends itselflaterally in all directions. But this growth being as rapidat <strong>the</strong> upper edge as it is lower down, <strong>the</strong> steepness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>face <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> reef is still preserved. These are <strong>the</strong> circumstances which render coral reefs so dangerous in navigation ; for, in <strong>the</strong> first place, <strong>the</strong>y are seldom seen above<strong>the</strong> water; <strong>and</strong>, in <strong>the</strong> next, <strong>the</strong>ir sides are so steep, that aship's bows may strike against <strong>the</strong> rock before any change<strong>of</strong> soundings has given warning <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> danger.The isl<strong>and</strong> at high water is formed in<strong>to</strong> three parts,which at low water are joined by reefs; <strong>the</strong> whole beingabout two <strong>and</strong> a half or three miles from east <strong>to</strong> <strong>west</strong>, <strong>and</strong><strong>to</strong>lerably clear <strong>of</strong> rocks on <strong>the</strong> south side; but on <strong>the</strong> northit is guarded by a semicircle <strong>of</strong> coral extending upwards <strong>of</strong>a mile from <strong>the</strong> shore. On <strong>the</strong> centre isl<strong>and</strong> is only onehut, which, as <strong>the</strong>re was reason <strong>to</strong> believe it <strong>to</strong> be <strong>the</strong> actual
110 VOYAGE TO THEabode <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> inhabitants, it may be allowable <strong>to</strong> describe.The walls were sunk under ground, so that only <strong>the</strong> ro<strong>of</strong>appeared from without, <strong>the</strong> inside was fifteen feet by six:<strong>the</strong> walls <strong>of</strong> neatly squared s<strong>to</strong>nes, being two feet high, <strong>and</strong><strong>the</strong> ro<strong>of</strong> in <strong>the</strong> middle about six or seven high, formed <strong>of</strong> aridge pole supported in <strong>the</strong> centre by a forked stick; <strong>the</strong>rafters <strong>of</strong> rough branches were covered with reeds, <strong>and</strong>thatched over with <strong>the</strong> leaf <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> wild pine, which growson all <strong>the</strong> coral isl<strong>and</strong>s. The fire-place was at one endon a raised part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> floor, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r end appeared<strong>to</strong> be <strong>the</strong> sleeping place. It was conjectured, that thiswretched place could only be meant as a temporary residence <strong>of</strong> fishermen, whose nets we saw lying about; but<strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> water jars <strong>and</strong> cooking utensils which wefound in <strong>and</strong> about it, gave it <strong>the</strong> appearance <strong>of</strong> a fixedhabitation.It was almost dark when we quitted <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>tide carrying us out <strong>of</strong> our proper course, we missed <strong>the</strong>ships <strong>and</strong> grounded on <strong>the</strong> reefs near <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>wn; but as<strong>the</strong> tide was flowing, we easily got <strong>of</strong>f, <strong>and</strong> by <strong>coast</strong>ingalong, soon gained <strong>the</strong> anchorage.Sunday, 29th <strong>of</strong> September.—This day is memorable,on <strong>account</strong> <strong>of</strong> its being <strong>the</strong> first on which we were permitted <strong>to</strong> l<strong>and</strong>.IGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. IllYesterday, when we were absent at Reef Isl<strong>and</strong>, <strong>the</strong>chiefs had come on board <strong>to</strong> say that we might l<strong>and</strong>, butthat our walk must be confined <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> beach, <strong>and</strong> thatwe were nei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>to</strong> enter <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>wn, nor <strong>to</strong> go in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>country. At one o'clock several <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chiefs came onboard <strong>and</strong> accompanied us <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> beach, where we l<strong>and</strong>edamidst an immense crowd, <strong>and</strong> were h<strong>and</strong>ed along byOokooma <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> rest, who, in <strong>the</strong>ir desire <strong>to</strong> be civil, heldus by <strong>the</strong> arms. The day, however, being excessively hot,<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> s<strong>and</strong> deep, we found this troublesome, <strong>and</strong> beggedleave <strong>to</strong> walk alone, <strong>to</strong> which <strong>the</strong>y reluctantly consented,<strong>and</strong> we proceeded along <strong>the</strong> beach for a quarter <strong>of</strong> a mile.Beginning <strong>to</strong> get tired <strong>of</strong> our walk, we s<strong>to</strong>pped <strong>and</strong> expressed some surprise at such a reception, <strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong>ld <strong>the</strong>mhow disagreeable it was <strong>to</strong> us <strong>to</strong> be in <strong>the</strong> sun at such anhour. But our remonstrances did not produce much effect,for, on our objecting particularly <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> heat, <strong>the</strong>y shewedus <strong>to</strong> a sort <strong>of</strong> cave in a rock on <strong>the</strong> beach, where <strong>the</strong>y putdown a mat <strong>and</strong> wished us <strong>to</strong> drink tea in <strong>the</strong> shade, sincewe disliked <strong>the</strong> sun. This could not be submitted <strong>to</strong>, however, <strong>and</strong> we <strong>to</strong>ld <strong>the</strong>m that our object in l<strong>and</strong>ing was not<strong>to</strong> sit down on <strong>the</strong> beach <strong>to</strong> drink tea, but <strong>to</strong> walk aboutunder <strong>the</strong> trees in order <strong>to</strong> recover our health, impaired bya long stay on board ship. They tried all <strong>the</strong>ir eloquence<strong>to</strong> persuade us that our walk, thus limited, was perfectly
112 VOYAGE TO THEGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 1131pleasant; till at length Captain Maxwell gave <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong> underst<strong>and</strong>, that he wished <strong>to</strong> go <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hills under<strong>the</strong> trees; but that, as he did not mean <strong>to</strong> advance a singlestep beyond what was approved <strong>of</strong>, he would return instantly<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> ship if <strong>the</strong>y persisted in confining him <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> beach.A consultation was held upon this, during which, frequentreference was made <strong>to</strong> several elderly men, whose opinionsappeared <strong>to</strong> have great weight. They did not wear <strong>the</strong>dress <strong>of</strong> chiefs, but, from all that passed, we suspected<strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong> be persons about court, who had been sent <strong>to</strong>assist <strong>the</strong> councils <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> local commission, without superseding its authority. They at last agreed <strong>to</strong> our going <strong>to</strong><strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hill, taking <strong>the</strong> precaution before we set out,<strong>of</strong> sending on a couple <strong>of</strong> runners, probably <strong>to</strong> give warning<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> women who might be in that direction. About halfway up <strong>the</strong> road, which winds along a steep face, <strong>the</strong>re is aneatly-built well, supplied by a stream which runs along acarved water-course, <strong>and</strong> near it were three or four rudelycarved s<strong>to</strong>nes about a foot long <strong>and</strong> four inches across, withslow matches <strong>and</strong> a small quantity <strong>of</strong> rice laid upon each.Mr. Clifford distinctly made out that this was meant as areligious <strong>of</strong>fering, but its precise object could not be discovered, though it was conjectured that <strong>the</strong> guardian deity<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> well might have some title <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> honour. The side<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hill is cut in<strong>to</strong> horizontal irregular terraces, whichare cultivated with apparent care, <strong>and</strong> irrigated by means<strong>of</strong> ditches leading from <strong>the</strong> well. On gaining <strong>the</strong> brow<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hill which overlooks <strong>the</strong> anchorage, <strong>the</strong> chiefss<strong>to</strong>pped, but as we were within a few yards <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> summit, where we saw a shady grove, we begged <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong>proceed, <strong>to</strong> which, after a short deliberation, <strong>the</strong>y consented. By gaining this eminence, we comm<strong>and</strong>ed a view<strong>of</strong> an extensive valley, more beautiful than any thing we hadever seen; <strong>and</strong> on <strong>the</strong> side opposite <strong>to</strong> us we saw <strong>the</strong> largebuilding spoken <strong>of</strong> before, generally suspected <strong>to</strong> be <strong>the</strong>King's palace: our questions, however, on this subject w"ereValways answered in so evasive a manner, <strong>and</strong> with such apparent distress, that we seldom made any allusion ei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>to</strong>it or <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> King.Here we remained under <strong>the</strong> trees for an hour, drinking tea <strong>and</strong> smoking pipes in company with all <strong>the</strong> chiefs,besides four or five <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old men mentioned before. Weamused <strong>the</strong>m by lighting <strong>the</strong>ir pipes with a burning glass;but one old gentleman, who suspected some trick, <strong>and</strong>did not join in <strong>the</strong> surprise shewn by <strong>the</strong> rest, held outhis h<strong>and</strong> that it might be • exposed <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> focus; <strong>and</strong> hewas soon undeceived, <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> great amusement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> circle.The magnifying power <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> glass engaged <strong>the</strong> attention <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m all, but <strong>the</strong>y were differently affected by it:Q»
114 VOYAGE TO THEa start <strong>and</strong> an exclamation <strong>of</strong> pleased surprise was <strong>the</strong>most usual effect; some laughed immoderately at everyexperiment, while o<strong>the</strong>rs were made very grave by it, whohad not been particularly serious before. Advantage wastaken <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> moment when <strong>the</strong>ir admiration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> glass wasat <strong>the</strong> highest, <strong>to</strong> present it <strong>to</strong> Jeeroo, whose good-will it wasthought expedient <strong>to</strong> conciliate: he had not expected this,<strong>and</strong> felt obliged <strong>to</strong> us for so public a mark <strong>of</strong> our esteem.A man on horseback happening <strong>to</strong> ride by, it wasgravely suggested <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> chiefs that nothing would so materially contribute <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> establishment <strong>of</strong> our health as thisspecies <strong>of</strong> exercise; but <strong>the</strong>y insisted upon treating ourrequest as a mere joke. On <strong>the</strong> way back an attempt wasmade <strong>to</strong> vary <strong>the</strong> walk by turning <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> left on reaching<strong>the</strong> brow <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hill, <strong>and</strong> so walking along <strong>the</strong> edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>cliff <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r road; <strong>the</strong> chiefs observed upon this that weshould Infallibly tumble down <strong>and</strong> kill ourselves; affecting,notwithst<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>the</strong> absurdity <strong>of</strong> any such apprehensions,<strong>to</strong> be greatly distressed at our danger: so we turned back,after having had a short interview with an old man seatedin a shed on <strong>the</strong> edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> precipice. His white beard,which covered his breast, suited well with his sedate <strong>and</strong>contemplative air, <strong>and</strong> gave him much <strong>the</strong> aspect <strong>of</strong> a hermit.Our appearance did not in <strong>the</strong> least discompose him, norGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 115did he take any notice <strong>of</strong> us till desired <strong>to</strong> do so by Ookooma;he <strong>the</strong>n bowed slightly, but immediately resumed his fixedlook, as if he had been quite alone.As we drew near <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> place where we had l<strong>and</strong>ed, ourcompanions surprised us by an invitation <strong>to</strong> a feast, prepared, <strong>the</strong>y said, on our <strong>account</strong> in a temple close <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>shore. Here <strong>the</strong>y gave us painted eggs, smoked salt pork,<strong>and</strong> various preparations <strong>of</strong> eggs <strong>and</strong> fish, with sweet cakesin numberless forms, besides tea, pipes, <strong>and</strong> sackee, a lightkind <strong>of</strong> wine made hot. Nothing could be more cheerfulthan <strong>the</strong>y all were <strong>to</strong>-day: <strong>the</strong>y placed us on <strong>the</strong> floor at<strong>the</strong> upper end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> room, <strong>and</strong>, for some time, <strong>the</strong>y wouldnot allow us <strong>to</strong> move; but Mr. Clifford, who, from <strong>the</strong> progress he has made in <strong>the</strong>ir language, has become a greatfavourite, was invited <strong>to</strong> join a merry party in <strong>the</strong> ver<strong>and</strong>ah,<strong>to</strong> which <strong>the</strong>y brought flowers, fruits, <strong>and</strong> every thing <strong>the</strong>ycould think <strong>of</strong>, in order <strong>to</strong> learn <strong>the</strong>ir English names, <strong>and</strong>give in return those <strong>of</strong> Loo-choo.On reaching <strong>the</strong> boats, Jeeroo <strong>and</strong> two <strong>of</strong> his friendsseemed disposed <strong>to</strong> go on board; <strong>the</strong>y were accordinglyinvited <strong>to</strong> do so, which made him so happy, that he <strong>to</strong>oka rudely-carved ivory ornament, in <strong>the</strong> shape <strong>of</strong> a monkey,from his <strong>to</strong>bacco-pouch, <strong>and</strong> gave it <strong>to</strong> me. Dinner was ontable when <strong>the</strong>y came on board, but <strong>the</strong>re was time before
lie VOYAGE TO THE Itaking my friends below, <strong>to</strong> intimate <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> servants, that<strong>the</strong>se gentlemen were going <strong>to</strong> dine with me, so that whenwe reached <strong>the</strong> cabin, three plates were laid in addition. Theyhad probably not expected <strong>to</strong> find dinner ready for <strong>the</strong>m onboard, for <strong>the</strong>y expressed surprise at <strong>the</strong>se preparationshaving been made, <strong>and</strong> would not sit down for some time.When <strong>the</strong> covers were removed, <strong>the</strong>y became silent, <strong>and</strong>looked on ei<strong>the</strong>r h<strong>and</strong> for directions how <strong>to</strong> proceed. Onbeing helped <strong>to</strong> soup, <strong>the</strong>y did not stir till <strong>the</strong>y saw us takespoons, in <strong>the</strong> management <strong>of</strong> which <strong>the</strong>y shewed but littleawkwardness. The knife <strong>and</strong> fork gave <strong>the</strong>m more trouble,but <strong>the</strong>y set seriously about acquiring a knowledge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>iruse, <strong>and</strong>, in a short time, found no difficulty.Their grave propriety on this occasion is <strong>the</strong> moreworthy <strong>of</strong> remark, from its st<strong>and</strong>ing in some measureopposed <strong>to</strong> our own behaviour under similar circumstances :for instance, when we first tried <strong>to</strong> eat with <strong>the</strong>ir chopsticks : on that occasion <strong>the</strong>re was a sort <strong>of</strong> giggling embarrassment shewn by some <strong>of</strong> us, a contempt as it were <strong>of</strong>ourselves, for condescending <strong>to</strong> employ an effort <strong>to</strong> acquire<strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> a thing apparently so unimportant. Their diminutive cups <strong>and</strong> odd dishes, <strong>to</strong>o, sometimes excited mirthamongst us. Our Loo-choo friends, however, never committed <strong>the</strong>mselves in this way; a difference <strong>of</strong> manners, whichGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 117may arise from <strong>the</strong>ir looking upon us as <strong>the</strong>ir superiors, <strong>and</strong>vice versa; but even admitting this, which we were sufficiently disposed <strong>to</strong> do, it is certainly no excuse for us.On this occasion Jeeroo <strong>and</strong> his friends had evidentlymade up <strong>the</strong>ir minds <strong>to</strong> find every thing quite new, for allthree made a slight involuntary exclamation when one <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> covers was lifted up, <strong>and</strong> shewed a dish <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir ownsweet pota<strong>to</strong>es. They ate <strong>of</strong> every thing, using a greatdeal <strong>of</strong> salt, with <strong>the</strong> fineness <strong>and</strong> whiteness <strong>of</strong> which <strong>the</strong>ywere much pleased. A tart, however, being put on <strong>the</strong>table, <strong>the</strong>y all objected at first <strong>to</strong> <strong>to</strong>uching it; <strong>the</strong>y wouldnot say why: <strong>the</strong>y were at length prevailed upon <strong>to</strong> tasteit, which <strong>the</strong>y had no sooner done, than <strong>the</strong>y exclaimed thatit was " masa! masa \" (good! good!) It was made <strong>of</strong> Scotchmarmalade, <strong>and</strong> Jeeroo, in recommending it <strong>to</strong> his friends,<strong>to</strong>ld <strong>the</strong>m it was " injassa, amasa," (bitter, sweet), a unionwhich <strong>the</strong>y appeared not <strong>to</strong> have met with before. Theydrank wine with us, but said <strong>the</strong>y feared it would make<strong>the</strong>m tipsy; upon which we shewed <strong>the</strong>m our mode <strong>of</strong>mixing it with water, which was evidently new <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>m, for<strong>the</strong>y relished it so much in this form, that <strong>the</strong>y were in afair way <strong>of</strong> running unconsciously in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> very excesswhich <strong>the</strong>y dreaded. As soon as <strong>the</strong> cloth was removed,<strong>the</strong>y rose, <strong>and</strong> went <strong>to</strong> walk about <strong>the</strong> ship: on our
4118 VOYAGE TO THEshewing a wish <strong>to</strong> accompany <strong>the</strong>m, <strong>the</strong>y intreated us <strong>to</strong>keep our seats.During dinner, though it was <strong>the</strong> first <strong>the</strong>y had ever seenin <strong>the</strong> European style, <strong>the</strong>se people not only betrayed noawkwardness, but adopted our cus<strong>to</strong>ms, such as drinkingwine with each o<strong>the</strong>r, so readily, that we were frequently ata loss <strong>to</strong> determine whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong>y had but just learned <strong>the</strong>secus<strong>to</strong>ms, or whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong>ir own usages in <strong>the</strong>se cases weresimilar <strong>to</strong> ours. As <strong>the</strong>y pushed <strong>of</strong>f in <strong>the</strong>ir boat <strong>the</strong>y wereasked <strong>to</strong> sing, which <strong>the</strong>y did at once, <strong>and</strong> by <strong>the</strong>ir mannerwe suspected that <strong>the</strong> song had some allusion <strong>to</strong> us, butwe could not make out <strong>the</strong> words.30th <strong>of</strong> September.—During <strong>the</strong> whole <strong>of</strong> this morningwe were engaged in <strong>the</strong> survey, accompanied by several <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> midshipmen <strong>of</strong> both ships. We measured a base, <strong>and</strong>continued taking angles till <strong>the</strong> tide rose <strong>and</strong> drove us <strong>of</strong>f.1st <strong>of</strong> Oc<strong>to</strong>ber.—As a free intercourse was now establishedwith <strong>the</strong> natives at this place, <strong>and</strong> little doubt remained <strong>of</strong>our being able <strong>to</strong> gain <strong>the</strong>ir permission in a day or two forl<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>the</strong> Alceste's s<strong>to</strong>res, it became an object <strong>to</strong> ascertain,without fur<strong>the</strong>r delay, whe<strong>the</strong>r or not this anchorage wasbetter than <strong>the</strong> harbour described by <strong>the</strong> natives as being afew miles only <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> northward. While any apprehensionsexisted <strong>of</strong> our not being able <strong>to</strong> l<strong>and</strong> here, it was not thoughtGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 119prudent <strong>to</strong> send <strong>the</strong> Lyra <strong>to</strong> look for that harbour, lest <strong>the</strong>ehiefs should become still more suspicious <strong>of</strong> our intentions.At this moment, however, <strong>the</strong>re was reason <strong>to</strong> believe that<strong>the</strong> chiefs wished <strong>the</strong> Alceste <strong>to</strong> remain where she was, <strong>and</strong>it was expected that any show <strong>of</strong> moving <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r har7bour would stimulate <strong>the</strong>ir exertions <strong>to</strong> render our presentsituation agreeable.The Lyra was accordingly ordered <strong>to</strong> weigh this morningat daylight, for <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> examining <strong>the</strong> <strong>coast</strong> forten or twelve leagues <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> northward. We went out bya narrow passage through <strong>the</strong> reefs, <strong>and</strong> in <strong>the</strong> course<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> morning beat up <strong>to</strong> Sugar Loaf Isl<strong>and</strong>. We didnot l<strong>and</strong> upon it, but passed near enough <strong>to</strong> see that it isrichly cultivated on <strong>the</strong> lower parts, <strong>and</strong> that all <strong>the</strong> housesare collected in<strong>to</strong> villages, shaded as usual by large treesround <strong>the</strong> bot<strong>to</strong>m, <strong>and</strong> for one-third <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> way up <strong>the</strong> sides<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> peak. As this was our fur<strong>the</strong>st point in <strong>the</strong> presentsurvey, we tacked on reaching <strong>the</strong> Sugar Loaf, <strong>and</strong> <strong>coast</strong>edround <strong>the</strong> shores <strong>of</strong> a large square bay on <strong>the</strong> <strong>west</strong> side <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> great isl<strong>and</strong>. The wind shifted gradually as we sailedalong, blowing directly <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> shore at every place, bywhich means we were enabled <strong>to</strong> complete <strong>the</strong> circuit <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>bay before dark, after which we anchored in sixty-five fat-horns water. Next morning we resumed our examination <strong>of</strong>ill,,]
120 VOYAGE TO THE<strong>the</strong> <strong>coast</strong>, but as <strong>the</strong> wea<strong>the</strong>r was fine, we hoisted out a boat<strong>and</strong> pulled close along <strong>the</strong> shore, while <strong>the</strong> brig kept hercourse at <strong>the</strong> distance <strong>of</strong> several miles. In this manner wetraced <strong>the</strong> whole shore, till we came close <strong>to</strong> Napakiang,without seeing any port. We tried <strong>to</strong> l<strong>and</strong> at severalplaces, but were every where kept <strong>of</strong>f by coral reefsstretching along <strong>the</strong> <strong>coast</strong>, at <strong>the</strong> distance <strong>of</strong> two or threehundred yards, <strong>and</strong> forming, <strong>to</strong> strangers at least, an impenetrable barrier. The canoes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> natives paddled awayfrom us, <strong>and</strong> passed through <strong>the</strong> surf by passages which wewere afraid <strong>to</strong> approach. We returned <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> brig abouttwo o'clock, <strong>and</strong> at three anchored in our former place atNapakiang.The departure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lyra had excited a great sensationon shore; <strong>the</strong> chiefs came <strong>of</strong>f <strong>to</strong> inquire <strong>of</strong> Captain Maxwell where <strong>the</strong> " honee gua" (little ship) was; but he didnot choose <strong>to</strong> satisfy <strong>the</strong>m, except by saying that <strong>the</strong>y hadtrifled with him so long, <strong>and</strong> refused <strong>to</strong> let him l<strong>and</strong> hiscasks <strong>and</strong> s<strong>to</strong>res with such obstinacy, that he must endeavour<strong>to</strong> find some more favourable place at which <strong>to</strong> refit hisship. The effect was exactly what he wished; <strong>the</strong>y intreatedhim not <strong>to</strong> think <strong>of</strong> moving from Napakiang; <strong>of</strong>fered himnot only large boats <strong>to</strong> put his s<strong>to</strong>res in, but said he shouldhave s<strong>to</strong>re-rooms on shore for whatever he desired, whileGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 121his ship was refitting. They moreover granted him permission <strong>to</strong> l<strong>and</strong> with his <strong>of</strong>ficers, <strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong> go <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>hill without being guarded as formerly.On <strong>the</strong> Lyra's anchoring, <strong>the</strong> chiefs came on board ingreat agitation, desiring <strong>to</strong> know what we had discovered.As we had actually nothing <strong>to</strong> relate, <strong>the</strong>re was little difficultyin keeping our secret. They accompanied me on board<strong>the</strong> Alceste when I went <strong>to</strong> make my report, but CaptainMaxwell, having found <strong>the</strong> advantage he had already gainedby keeping <strong>the</strong>m in ignorance <strong>of</strong> his intentions, was nowisecommunicative. They now <strong>of</strong>fered <strong>to</strong> allow his people <strong>to</strong>l<strong>and</strong> for <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> washing <strong>the</strong>ir clo<strong>the</strong>s, which <strong>the</strong>yhad before refused <strong>to</strong> do, <strong>and</strong> in short, were in a mood <strong>to</strong>grant any thing, provided we were willing <strong>to</strong> remain at thispart <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>. They did not pretend that this was out<strong>of</strong> regard for us, <strong>and</strong> it was easy <strong>to</strong> see that <strong>the</strong>y apprehendedmore trouble in managing uS any where else than at thisplace. Amongst <strong>the</strong> arguments used by <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong> dissuadeus from going <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>, <strong>the</strong>y said it wasinhabited by savages. It came out accidentally <strong>to</strong>o, thatin <strong>the</strong> event <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ship's actually proceeding <strong>to</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r parts<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>, <strong>the</strong> six chiefs were <strong>to</strong> accompany us: so that<strong>the</strong>y were probably influenced by considerations <strong>of</strong> personalconvenience <strong>to</strong> make every exertion <strong>to</strong> prevent our moving.RII'liiilll
132 VOYAGE TO THE3d <strong>of</strong> Oc<strong>to</strong>ber.—The Lyra's crew were allowed <strong>to</strong> goon shore <strong>to</strong>-day <strong>to</strong> wash <strong>the</strong>ir clo<strong>the</strong>s, <strong>and</strong> amuse <strong>the</strong>mselves by running about on <strong>the</strong> side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hilL Two <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>sailors <strong>of</strong> this party, who happened <strong>to</strong> be singing near <strong>the</strong>well, drew a number <strong>of</strong> natives round <strong>the</strong>m, who expressedgreat pleasure at hearing <strong>the</strong>ir songs. At first <strong>the</strong> crowdconsisted entirely <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> peasantry, who listened with greatattention, <strong>and</strong> never interrupted <strong>the</strong> sailors; but in abouthalf an hour, a person <strong>of</strong> some rank, with a number <strong>of</strong>attendants, came up, <strong>and</strong> begged <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong> sing several<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir songs over again : we could not find out who thisperson was, but it was probably one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chiefs, some <strong>of</strong>whom are remarkably fond <strong>of</strong> our music.4th <strong>of</strong> Oc<strong>to</strong>ber.—The survey on <strong>the</strong> reef was completed<strong>to</strong>-day: <strong>the</strong> only inconvenience we had experienced here,was <strong>the</strong> limited time which <strong>the</strong> tide allowed u& each day,o<strong>the</strong>rwise <strong>the</strong> situation was well adapted for a base, from itscomm<strong>and</strong>ing a view <strong>of</strong> all parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> anchorage. During<strong>the</strong> progress <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> principal survey, <strong>the</strong> young gentlemensent by Captain Maxwell, in conjunction with <strong>the</strong> midshipmen <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lyra, completed a survey <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> reef itself. Anative <strong>of</strong> a genteel appearance^ but not in <strong>the</strong> dress <strong>of</strong> achiefj visited <strong>the</strong> Lyra <strong>to</strong>-day, <strong>and</strong> gave me a present <strong>of</strong> twapipes <strong>and</strong> two bags <strong>of</strong> sweet pota<strong>to</strong>es.GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND.5th <strong>of</strong> Oc<strong>to</strong>ber.—Captain Maxwell called for me thismorning at sunrise, on his way <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> shore. The chiefs hadnot expected us so early, <strong>and</strong> our only companion for sometime was an old peasant, who now <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n ran on before<strong>to</strong> give notice <strong>of</strong> our approach. Two well dressed peopleshortly afterwards came up, <strong>and</strong> continued with us duringour walk, which at first lay along <strong>the</strong> beach, but afterwardsled in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> country; some exception was taken <strong>to</strong> thisby our companions, but as no attention was paid <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>m,<strong>the</strong>y desisted.After walking about a mile, we passed through a grove<strong>of</strong> young trees, <strong>and</strong> found ourselves close <strong>to</strong> a village, whichlies in <strong>the</strong> bot<strong>to</strong>m <strong>of</strong> a glen highly cultivated, <strong>the</strong> housesbeing almost entirely hid by trees, <strong>of</strong> which <strong>the</strong> bamboo is<strong>the</strong> most conspicuous.This village is surrounded by a close hedge, <strong>and</strong> everyseparate house also has an inclosure: some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> houseshave attached <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>m neat arbours, formed <strong>of</strong> a lightframe <strong>of</strong> bamboo covered with a variety <strong>of</strong> creepers. Therice fields are divided by small banks <strong>of</strong> earth, made <strong>to</strong>retain <strong>the</strong> water, <strong>and</strong> along <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> each bank <strong>the</strong>re is afoot-path; <strong>the</strong> whole valley having much <strong>the</strong> air <strong>of</strong> a scenein India. A number <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> villagers, accompanied by <strong>the</strong>irchildren, came out <strong>to</strong> meet us, but <strong>the</strong>re were no women
124 VOYAGE TO THEamongst <strong>the</strong>m: we passed on, as <strong>the</strong>y were evidently averse<strong>to</strong> our entering <strong>the</strong> village.On our way across <strong>the</strong> valley we were attracted by <strong>the</strong>appearance <strong>of</strong> a cottage, so buried in foliage as <strong>to</strong> be completely hid from our view till we were within a few paces<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> door. It was surrounded by a slight fence <strong>of</strong> rods,about an inch apart, with a line <strong>of</strong> creepers along <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p,<strong>and</strong> hanging down on both sides : a wicker gate admittedus, <strong>and</strong> we entered <strong>the</strong> house, which we found divided in<strong>to</strong>two apartments, eight feet square, besides a small ver<strong>and</strong>ahat one end. The floors, which were made <strong>of</strong> slips <strong>of</strong> bamboo, were raised about six inches from <strong>the</strong> ground, <strong>and</strong>covered with a straw mat. The walls were five feet high,being neatly wattled with split bamboo, above which rose apointed thatched ro<strong>of</strong>. It was occupied by an old man,whom we appeared <strong>to</strong> have disturbed at breakfast, for cups<strong>and</strong> tea-things were arranged on <strong>the</strong> floor; he asked us <strong>to</strong> sitdown, <strong>and</strong> gave us pipes <strong>and</strong> tea. The little apartment wewere in was as neat as any thing we had ever seen : on oneside <strong>the</strong>re was a set <strong>of</strong> shelves, with cups, bowls, <strong>and</strong> cookingutensils; on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs were hung various implements <strong>of</strong>husb<strong>and</strong>ry, with hats <strong>and</strong> various dresses, all clean <strong>and</strong> inorder. Higher up was a sort <strong>of</strong> l<strong>of</strong>t or garret, formed bybamboo poles, laid horizontally from <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> walls;GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 125on this were placed various <strong>to</strong>ols, nets, <strong>and</strong> baskets. Thefire-place was in <strong>the</strong> middle <strong>of</strong> one side, <strong>and</strong> sunk below <strong>the</strong>level. On <strong>the</strong> outside, in <strong>the</strong> space between <strong>the</strong> house <strong>and</strong><strong>the</strong> fence, <strong>the</strong>re was a pigeon house <strong>and</strong> a poultry yard, <strong>and</strong>close <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> little ver<strong>and</strong>ah spoken <strong>of</strong> before, <strong>the</strong>re s<strong>to</strong>odtwo spinning-wheels <strong>of</strong> a light <strong>and</strong> ingenious construction.All round on <strong>the</strong> outside <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fence, <strong>the</strong> trees were high<strong>and</strong> thick; <strong>and</strong> though <strong>the</strong> sun was above <strong>the</strong> hills, <strong>the</strong>house was completely shaded except at <strong>the</strong> end, where asmall opening admitted <strong>the</strong> rays in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> ver<strong>and</strong>ah. Westaid some time with <strong>the</strong> old farmer, trying <strong>to</strong> express ouradmiration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> simplicity <strong>and</strong> beauty <strong>of</strong> his cottage, <strong>and</strong><strong>the</strong>n went up <strong>the</strong> opposite side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> valley.Here we found a road like a dressed walk in a garden:following this, we passed through a series <strong>of</strong> beautiful groves<strong>of</strong> bamboo <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r trees, till at length, after windingabout a good deal, we came <strong>to</strong> a double row <strong>of</strong> tall pinetrees, interspersed with many o<strong>the</strong>rs whose names we didnot know, so as <strong>to</strong> form a walk which must be shady atall hours <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> day. This road we knew would lead <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><strong>to</strong>wn, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>refore when we had reached <strong>the</strong> highest pointwe turned <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> right, <strong>and</strong> after a short walk reached <strong>the</strong>grove <strong>of</strong> trees which had -been made <strong>the</strong> limit <strong>to</strong> our firstwalk on <strong>the</strong> 29th ultimo. At this place Captain Maxwellsurprised <strong>the</strong> natives a good deal by shooting several birds
126 VOYAGE TO THEon <strong>the</strong> wing, but <strong>the</strong>y could not be prevailed upon <strong>to</strong> fire<strong>the</strong>mselves, nor even <strong>to</strong> pull <strong>the</strong> trigger when no powders was in <strong>the</strong> pan.6th <strong>of</strong> Oc<strong>to</strong>ber.—After divine service <strong>to</strong>-day on board<strong>the</strong> Alceste, a long conference was held between CaptainMaxwell <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> five chiefs, when, after a good deal <strong>of</strong> discussion, it was agreed on <strong>the</strong>ir part <strong>to</strong> allow <strong>the</strong> Alceste'ss<strong>to</strong>res <strong>to</strong> be l<strong>and</strong>ed, for <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> getting at <strong>the</strong> leak.Our means <strong>of</strong> interpreting on <strong>the</strong>se occasions are not <strong>the</strong>best that could be wished ; but John, our Chinese, is never<strong>the</strong>less a keen fellow, <strong>and</strong> very ready with answers whenpressed.We generally explain as fully as possible <strong>to</strong> Johnwhat our wishes are, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n leave him <strong>to</strong> communicate<strong>the</strong>m <strong>the</strong> best way he can.An instance <strong>of</strong> his quicknessoccurred <strong>to</strong>-day, which seems worth mentioning. Johnhad communicated <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>m, by Captain Maxwell's desire,that as <strong>the</strong> leak complained <strong>of</strong> was in <strong>the</strong> magazine, itwould be necessary <strong>to</strong> l<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> powder: <strong>the</strong>y debated along time upon this, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n asked John" Why <strong>the</strong> powderwas not put on board <strong>the</strong> little ship ?"John, who was notaware <strong>of</strong> any good reason, affected <strong>to</strong> be surprised at thisquestion, which he refused <strong>to</strong> interpret, saying that ifCaptain Maxwell thought such a measure right, he wouldsurely not have waited till <strong>the</strong>y suggested it. The light inwhich he had thus put <strong>the</strong> question, made <strong>the</strong>m earnestlyGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 127desire him not <strong>to</strong> mention any thing about it, declaring at<strong>the</strong> same time, that <strong>the</strong>y would willingly give a place for<strong>the</strong> powder, <strong>and</strong> for any o<strong>the</strong>r s<strong>to</strong>res which Captain Maxwellmight wish <strong>to</strong> l<strong>and</strong>.To-day for <strong>the</strong> first time <strong>the</strong>y talked unreservedly, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>king, whose name even <strong>the</strong>y had hi<strong>the</strong>r<strong>to</strong> studiously avoided:<strong>the</strong>y spoke freely <strong>of</strong> his majesty's having sent all <strong>the</strong> s<strong>to</strong>ck<strong>and</strong> vegetables with which we were daily supplied. CaptainMaxwell, who <strong>of</strong> course was very desirous <strong>of</strong> opening acommunication with <strong>the</strong> court, intimated his wish <strong>to</strong> payhis respects as soon as might be convenient. They heardthis with apparent satisfaction, <strong>and</strong> signified that his requestshould be made known <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> king. We are at a loss <strong>to</strong>discover what can have caused this change <strong>of</strong> manner. Wecan only conjecture, that perhaps <strong>the</strong> king, on hearing somany reports about us, may have become desirous <strong>of</strong> seeingus himself. At all events it is clear that some alteration in<strong>the</strong> instructions <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> chiefs must have been made, o<strong>the</strong>r*wise <strong>the</strong>y would have shewn <strong>the</strong>ir usual reserve when <strong>the</strong>king's name was mentioned, <strong>and</strong> would on no <strong>account</strong> haveallowed us <strong>to</strong> talk <strong>of</strong> visiting him.At one o'clock we went on shore <strong>to</strong> look at <strong>the</strong> placeassigned by <strong>the</strong> chiefs for <strong>the</strong> reception <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Alceste'ss<strong>to</strong>res. It is an oblong inclosure, sixty yards by forty, surt
128 VOYAGE TO THErounded by a wall twelve feet high, ra<strong>the</strong>r well built withsquared coral: <strong>the</strong> entrance is by a large gate on <strong>the</strong> southside, from which <strong>the</strong>re extends raised gravel walks, withclipped hedges, <strong>the</strong> intermediate spaces being laid out inbeds, like a garden. The temple in which we were feastedon <strong>the</strong> day <strong>of</strong> our first visit, occupies one corner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>inclosure; it is completely shaded by a grove <strong>of</strong> trees, whichalso overhang <strong>the</strong> wall. In that part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> garden directlyopposite <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> gate, at <strong>the</strong> upper end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> walk <strong>the</strong>re isa smaller temple, nearly hid by <strong>the</strong> branches <strong>of</strong> several largebanyan trees; <strong>and</strong> before it, at <strong>the</strong> distance <strong>of</strong> ten or twelvepaces, a square awkward looking building, with a raised terrace round it. The temple first spoken <strong>of</strong> is divided by means<strong>of</strong> shifting partitions in<strong>to</strong> four apartments, <strong>and</strong> a ver<strong>and</strong>ahrunning all round, having a row <strong>of</strong> carved wooden pillars onits outer edge <strong>to</strong> support <strong>the</strong> ro<strong>of</strong>, which extends considerably beyond it. The floor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ver<strong>and</strong>ah is two feetfrom <strong>the</strong> ground, <strong>the</strong>re<strong>of</strong> is sloping <strong>and</strong> covered with h<strong>and</strong>some tiles, those forming <strong>the</strong> eaves being ornamented withflowers <strong>and</strong> various figures in relief; <strong>the</strong>re are also severalout-houses, <strong>and</strong> a kitchen communicating with <strong>the</strong>m bycovered passages. In one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> inner apartments, at <strong>the</strong>upper end, <strong>the</strong>re is a small recess containing a green shrub,in a high narrow flower-pot, having a Chinese inscription onGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 129a tablet hanging above it on <strong>the</strong> wall. On ano<strong>the</strong>r side <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> same room, <strong>the</strong>re hangs <strong>the</strong> picture <strong>of</strong> a man rescuing abird from <strong>the</strong> paws <strong>of</strong> a cat; <strong>the</strong> bird seems <strong>to</strong> have been justtaken from a cage, which is tumbling over, with two o<strong>the</strong>rbirds fluttering about in <strong>the</strong> inside: it is merely a sketch,but is executed in a spirited manner. In one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> backapartments we find three gilt images, eighteen incheshigh, with a flower in a vase before <strong>the</strong>m. The ro<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>temple within is ten feet high, <strong>and</strong> all <strong>the</strong> cornices, pillars,&c. are neatly carved in<strong>to</strong> flowers <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> figures <strong>of</strong> variousanimals. The ground immediately round it is divided in<strong>to</strong>a number <strong>of</strong> small beds, planted with different shrubs <strong>and</strong>flowers; <strong>and</strong> on a pedestal <strong>of</strong> artificial rock, in one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>walks close <strong>to</strong> it, is placed a clay vessel <strong>of</strong> an elegant form,full <strong>of</strong> water, with a wooden ladle swimming on <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p.On a frame near one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> out-houses, hangs a large bell,three feet high, <strong>of</strong> an inelegant shape, resembling a longbee-hive; <strong>the</strong> sides are two inches thick, <strong>and</strong> richly ornamented : its <strong>to</strong>ne is uncommonly fine.It was determined <strong>to</strong> appropriate part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> largetemple <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sick <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir attendants; <strong>the</strong>assistant surgeon <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Alceste taking one room, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>gunner, who was <strong>to</strong> have <strong>the</strong> whole inclosure in his charge,ano<strong>the</strong>r. The small temple at <strong>the</strong> upper end, being a retired
ISOVOYAGE TO THEGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 131spot, was fixed upon for <strong>the</strong> Lyra's observa<strong>to</strong>ry; <strong>the</strong>square building in <strong>the</strong> centre seemed well adapted for amagazine,At <strong>the</strong> gate a notice was hung up, both inEnglish <strong>and</strong> Loo-choo, signifying that no person was <strong>to</strong>enter without a written pass from Captain Maxwell, or fromone <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chiefs.7th <strong>and</strong> 6th <strong>of</strong> Oc<strong>to</strong>ber.—These days have been occupiedin carrying <strong>the</strong> arrangements <strong>of</strong> Sunday in<strong>to</strong> effect.It wasvery interesting <strong>to</strong> observe <strong>the</strong> care which <strong>the</strong> natives <strong>to</strong>ok<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sick, whom <strong>the</strong>y assisted all <strong>the</strong> way from <strong>the</strong> beach<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> temple; a number <strong>of</strong> people attended <strong>to</strong> supportsuch <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m as had barely strength enough <strong>to</strong> walk.When <strong>the</strong>y were safely lodged, eggs, milk, fowls, <strong>and</strong>vegetables, were brought <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>m; <strong>and</strong> whenever any<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m were tempted by <strong>the</strong> beauty <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> scenery <strong>to</strong>walk out, several <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> natives were ready <strong>to</strong> accompany<strong>the</strong>m.The powder was l<strong>and</strong>ed, <strong>and</strong> Mr. Holman, <strong>the</strong> gunner<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> frigate, began <strong>the</strong> operation <strong>of</strong> drying it on hidesspread in <strong>the</strong> sun round <strong>the</strong> magazine.o<strong>the</strong>r s<strong>to</strong>ck were also l<strong>and</strong>ed.The cows <strong>and</strong>One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cows calvedthat night, <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> surprise <strong>of</strong> every body, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> greatjoy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> natives, who <strong>to</strong>ok a great fancy <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> littlebull born amongst <strong>the</strong>m.Mr. Mayne, <strong>the</strong> master <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> Alceste, <strong>to</strong>ok up his quarters in <strong>the</strong> temple, in order <strong>to</strong>be near his observa<strong>to</strong>ry, which was in <strong>the</strong> centre <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>garden. The s<strong>to</strong>res <strong>of</strong> all kinds were sent on shore from<strong>the</strong> Alceste, which produced an apparent confusion, <strong>and</strong><strong>the</strong> chiefs, seeing so many valuable things lying about, began<strong>to</strong> fear that <strong>the</strong>y would be taken away; at least, it was supposed that <strong>the</strong>y had such an apprehension, for <strong>the</strong> wall <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>temple was immediately fenced in by a sort <strong>of</strong> net-work <strong>of</strong>long bamboo poles, <strong>the</strong> ends <strong>of</strong> which were fixed in <strong>the</strong>ground at <strong>the</strong> foot <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> wall on <strong>the</strong> outside, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>psmade <strong>to</strong> cross one ano<strong>the</strong>r four or five feet above <strong>the</strong> wall.This contrivance, instead <strong>of</strong> rendering <strong>the</strong> place more secure,made it more accessible; but as our opinion was not asked,<strong>and</strong> we had no apprehensions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ft, we let <strong>the</strong>m proceedin <strong>the</strong>ir own way.Mrs. Loy, wife <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> boatswain <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Alceste, was<strong>the</strong> only female in our squadron, <strong>and</strong> as such excited nosmall interest at this place. She was a perfectly well behaved person, <strong>and</strong> sufficiently neat in her dress, but withoutgreat pretensions <strong>to</strong> good looks. The natives, who froim<strong>the</strong> first paid her much attention, shewed at all times<strong>the</strong>ir desire <strong>of</strong> granting her every indulgence. They evenwent so far as <strong>to</strong> say she might go in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> city; but, uponconsulting with her husb<strong>and</strong>, who was apprehensive <strong>of</strong> some
132 VOYAGE TO THEIaccident, she declined it. When this circumstance becameknown <strong>to</strong> us, we easily convinced <strong>the</strong> boatswain that nomischief could possibly arise from trusting his wife amongstsuch kind people; but Mrs. Loy could not be persuaded <strong>of</strong>this; <strong>and</strong> thus was lost <strong>the</strong> only opportunity <strong>of</strong> seeing <strong>the</strong><strong>to</strong>wn which occurred during all our stay.Two <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> natives have been studying English withgreat assiduity, <strong>and</strong> with considerable success. One is calledM&dera, <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r Anya. They carry note books in imitation <strong>of</strong> Mr. Clifford, in which <strong>the</strong>y record in <strong>the</strong>ir owncharacters every word <strong>the</strong>y learn. They are both keen fellows, <strong>and</strong> are always amongst <strong>the</strong> strangers. From <strong>the</strong> respect occasionally paid <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>m, it is suspected that <strong>the</strong>irrank is higher than <strong>the</strong>y give out, <strong>and</strong> that <strong>the</strong>ir object inpretending <strong>to</strong> be people <strong>of</strong> ordinary rank, is <strong>to</strong> obtain amore free intercourse with all classes on board <strong>the</strong> ships.Madera, by his liveliness <strong>and</strong> his propriety <strong>of</strong> manners, hasmade himself a great favourite; he adopts our cus<strong>to</strong>mswith a sort <strong>of</strong> intuitive readiness, sits down <strong>to</strong> table, uses aknife <strong>and</strong> fork, converses, <strong>and</strong> walks with us, in short, doesevery thing that we do, quite as a matter <strong>of</strong> course, without«any apparent effort or study. He is fur<strong>the</strong>r recommended<strong>to</strong> us by <strong>the</strong> free way in which he communicates every thingrelating <strong>to</strong> his country; so that as he advances in English,PRIEST <strong>and</strong>tf*
GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 133I •I n,: i„<strong>and</strong> Ave in Loo-choo, he may be <strong>the</strong> means <strong>of</strong> giving usmuch information. As an instance <strong>of</strong> his progress inEnglish, it may be mentioned, that one day he came onboard <strong>the</strong> Lyra, <strong>and</strong> said, " The Ta-yin speak me, * yougo ship, John come shore;' " by which we unders<strong>to</strong>od thatCaptain Maxwell had sent him on board <strong>the</strong> brig for <strong>the</strong>interpreter. This was about three weeks after our arrival.Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> natives have acquired a little English, sothat Mr. Clifford has now no difficulty in rinding peoplewilling <strong>to</strong> instruct him, <strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong> take pains in correctinghis pronunciation. One <strong>of</strong> his teachers, called YackabeeOomeejeero, will not permit him <strong>to</strong> write down a singleword till he has acquired <strong>the</strong> exact Loo-choo sound: bu<strong>the</strong> is like <strong>the</strong> rest in shewing an invincible objection <strong>to</strong>giving any information about <strong>the</strong> women. He admits tha<strong>the</strong> is married, <strong>and</strong> gives <strong>the</strong> names <strong>of</strong> his sons: but whenhis wife or daughters are alluded <strong>to</strong>, he becomes uneasy,<strong>and</strong> changes <strong>the</strong> subject. On Mr. Clifford's gravely tellinghim that he believed <strong>the</strong>re were no women on <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>,he was thrown <strong>of</strong>f his guard, <strong>and</strong> answered hastily, tha<strong>the</strong> had both a wife <strong>and</strong> daughter, but instantly checkinghimself, turned <strong>the</strong> conversation ano<strong>the</strong>r way. On <strong>the</strong>picture <strong>of</strong> an English lady being shewn <strong>to</strong> him, he commended it highly, saying, at <strong>the</strong> same time, " Doochoo in-
134 VOYAGE TO THEnago who6co oorung" (Loo-choo women are not h<strong>and</strong>some."}This old gentleman is a better teacher than scholar; hecalls <strong>the</strong> letter L " airoo;" veal, " bairoo;" flail, " frayroo;"in which instances <strong>of</strong> mispronunciation, we may recognizea difficulty not uncommon amongst English children.GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 135CHAPTER III.As soon as <strong>the</strong> survey <strong>of</strong> Napakiang anchorage was completed, <strong>and</strong> a perfectly good underst<strong>and</strong>ing established with<strong>the</strong> natives, it was determined <strong>to</strong> make a survey <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>whole isl<strong>and</strong>, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lyra was ordered upon this service.She were absent about a week, during which period <strong>the</strong>general chart <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong> was constructed. It will beobvious <strong>to</strong> every one acquainted with <strong>the</strong> subject, that, inso short a time, a very exact survey <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>coast</strong> <strong>of</strong> anI ilThe Lyra sent <strong>to</strong> survey <strong>the</strong> Isl<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> Loo-choo—Discovery <strong>of</strong> Port Melville—Description <strong>of</strong> that Harbour, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Villages on its Banks—Lyra nearlywrecked—Interview with Natives at <strong>the</strong> South Point—Return <strong>to</strong> Napakiang—Behaviour <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natives at a Seaman's Funeral—Madera's Character <strong>and</strong>Conduct—Sociable Habits <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natives—Dinner given <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>Isl<strong>and</strong> by Captain Maxwell—Madera's Behaviour on this Occasion—TwoWomen seen—A Lady <strong>of</strong> Rank visits <strong>the</strong> Boatswain's Wife—Captain Maxwell fractures his Finger—Loo-choo Surgeon—Concern <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Natives—Visit <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Prince—Discussion about <strong>the</strong> King <strong>of</strong> Loo-choo's Letter—Madera appears in a new Character—Feast given by <strong>the</strong> Prince—List <strong>of</strong>Supplies given <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ships—Behaviour <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Prince on taking Leave—Preparations for Departure—Madera's Distress—Last Interview with <strong>the</strong>Chiefs—Brief Memor<strong>and</strong>ums upon <strong>the</strong> Religion, Manners, <strong>and</strong> Cus<strong>to</strong>ms <strong>of</strong>Loo-choo—Advice <strong>to</strong> a Stranger visiting this Isl<strong>and</strong>.i! I •"
(Ill.1!,1VOYAGE TO TOEisl<strong>and</strong> nearly sixty miles long could not have been made:yet, as <strong>the</strong> wea<strong>the</strong>r was in general fine, <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r circumstances favourable, <strong>the</strong> chart will be found sufficientlycorrect for most practical purposes. As <strong>the</strong> chart <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>nautical <strong>and</strong> hydrographical details are given in <strong>the</strong> Appendix, I propose at present <strong>to</strong> relate only such particulars <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cruise as seem likely <strong>to</strong> interest <strong>the</strong> generalreader.9th <strong>of</strong> Oc<strong>to</strong>ber.—At daybreak we got under weigh <strong>and</strong>s<strong>to</strong>od <strong>to</strong> sea through a passage discovered by <strong>the</strong> boats; itwas so extremely narrow, that <strong>the</strong> least deviation from <strong>the</strong>course brought us close <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> rocks. We were regulated insteering by two marks on <strong>the</strong> l<strong>and</strong>, which lie in <strong>the</strong> samestraight line with <strong>the</strong> centre <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> passage; <strong>the</strong>se it isnecessary <strong>to</strong> keep always <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r: but not conceiving thatsuch nicety was required while sailing out, <strong>the</strong> marks wereallowed <strong>to</strong> separate, by which we found ourselves in aminute or two within a few yards <strong>of</strong> a coral reef, <strong>the</strong> ragged<strong>to</strong>ps <strong>of</strong> which were distinctly seen two or three feet below<strong>the</strong> surface, whilst, at <strong>the</strong> same time, <strong>the</strong> leadsman on <strong>the</strong>opposite side sounded in nine fathoms. This early pro<strong>of</strong><strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> danger <strong>of</strong> navigating amongst coral, by teaching us<strong>the</strong> necessity <strong>of</strong> extreme caution, was <strong>of</strong> great importance<strong>to</strong> us in our future operations.GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 137As <strong>the</strong> <strong>coast</strong> lying between Napakiang <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> SugarLoaf had already been examined, we proceeded at onceround that isl<strong>and</strong>, which, from its having <strong>the</strong> same aspec<strong>to</strong>n every bearing, <strong>and</strong> being quite different in shape fromany l<strong>and</strong> in this quarter, is an excellent l<strong>and</strong>-mark fornaviga<strong>to</strong>rs.The natives call it Eegooshcoond, or castle*. The English name was given, I believe, by CaptainBrough<strong>to</strong>n.Having rounded this peak <strong>and</strong> s<strong>to</strong>od in for <strong>the</strong> north<strong>west</strong> side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Great Loo-choo, where <strong>the</strong>re is a deepbight, a small isl<strong>and</strong> was observed close in shore, behindwhich it was thought <strong>the</strong>re might be shelter for ships; <strong>the</strong><strong>coast</strong>, however, being unknown <strong>to</strong> us, it was not thoughtsafe <strong>to</strong> carry <strong>the</strong> brig very close in, <strong>and</strong> a boat was <strong>the</strong>refore dispatched with an <strong>of</strong>ficer <strong>to</strong> reconnoitre: he returnedat eight o'clock <strong>to</strong> say that <strong>the</strong>re was a harbour in <strong>the</strong> mainl<strong>and</strong>, <strong>the</strong> entrance <strong>to</strong> which lay on <strong>the</strong> inside <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> smallisl<strong>and</strong> mentioned before; but that <strong>the</strong> passages were narrow<strong>and</strong> winding, <strong>and</strong> that a more careful examination wasnecessary before <strong>the</strong> brig could venture in.llth <strong>of</strong> Oc<strong>to</strong>ber.—In <strong>the</strong> morning we again s<strong>to</strong>od in,* We first discovered <strong>the</strong> meaning <strong>of</strong> this word by hearing one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>natives apply it <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> castle on <strong>the</strong> chess board: he used <strong>the</strong> same term whendrawings <strong>of</strong> <strong>to</strong>wers <strong>and</strong> castles were shewn <strong>to</strong> him.
i138 VOYAGE TO THEusing <strong>the</strong> precaution <strong>of</strong> sending a boat a-head <strong>to</strong> sound <strong>the</strong>way; when we had nearly reached <strong>the</strong> entrance we anchored, <strong>and</strong> proceeded in three boats <strong>to</strong> examine <strong>the</strong> harbour discovered last night. As it was near noon when wepassed <strong>the</strong> small isl<strong>and</strong>, we l<strong>and</strong>ed <strong>and</strong> observed <strong>the</strong> meridian altitude <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sun; after which we entered <strong>the</strong> harbouriri <strong>the</strong> main isl<strong>and</strong>, by an intricate passage <strong>of</strong> about aquarter <strong>of</strong> a mile in length, <strong>and</strong> at one place not two hundred yards wide. Here we found ourselves in a circularbason upwards <strong>of</strong> half a mile across, with deep water, <strong>and</strong>completely sheltered from all winds. On its <strong>west</strong>ern shorewe saw a large <strong>and</strong> beautiful village almost hid amongsttrees, with a high wooded range behind it stretching <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>south. The eastern shore was low <strong>and</strong> laid out in saltfields, with a few huts here <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>re. At first sightthis bason did not appear <strong>to</strong> have any outlet except by<strong>the</strong> one we had examined; but on rowing <strong>to</strong> its upper orsou<strong>the</strong>rn side, we found that it joined by a narrow channelwith ano<strong>the</strong>r harbour still larger, <strong>and</strong> if possible more beautiful than <strong>the</strong> first, for here <strong>the</strong> l<strong>and</strong> was high on both sides,<strong>and</strong> richly wooded from <strong>to</strong>p <strong>to</strong> bot<strong>to</strong>m. Proceeding onwards through this bason, which had all <strong>the</strong> appearance <strong>of</strong>an inl<strong>and</strong> lake, we came <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r outlet, not above a hundred yards wide, formed by cliffs rising abruptly out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 139water <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> height <strong>of</strong> a hundred feet. Both sides beingcovered with trees, which almost met overhead, <strong>the</strong> spacebelow was rendered cool <strong>and</strong> pleasant, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> water, thussheltered from every wind, was as smooth as glass. Werowed along for some time by various windings throughthis fairy scene in <strong>to</strong>tal uncertainty <strong>of</strong> what was <strong>to</strong> comenext, <strong>and</strong> at last, after advancing about three miles,it opened in<strong>to</strong> an extensive lake several miles in length,studded with numerous small isl<strong>and</strong>s.The depth <strong>of</strong> water in <strong>the</strong> lake varied from four <strong>to</strong> sixfathoms; but in <strong>the</strong> narrow neck which connects it with<strong>the</strong> sea <strong>the</strong> depth is from ten <strong>to</strong> twenty fathoms, beingdeepest at <strong>the</strong> narro<strong>west</strong> parts. Ships might ride in anypart <strong>of</strong> this extraordinary harbour, in perfect safety during<strong>the</strong> most violent tempests: <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> shores are so varied, thatevery purpose <strong>of</strong> re-equipment might be served. At someplaces natural wharfs are formed by <strong>the</strong> rocks, <strong>and</strong> eight <strong>and</strong>ten fathoms water close <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>m. Ships might lie alongside<strong>the</strong>se places, or might heave down by <strong>the</strong>m: <strong>the</strong>re are alsoshallow spots on which ships might be careened. Many <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> cliffs are hollowed in<strong>to</strong> caves, which would answer fors<strong>to</strong>rehouses; <strong>and</strong> in <strong>the</strong> numerous lawns on both sides encampments might be formed <strong>of</strong> any number <strong>of</strong> people.We rowed directly across, <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ed at <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn' I "lllW
140 VOYAGE TO THEside at <strong>the</strong> foot <strong>of</strong> a wooded range <strong>of</strong> hills, which forms <strong>the</strong>sou<strong>the</strong>rn boundary <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lake. As no road was observed,it was resolved <strong>to</strong> go directly up <strong>the</strong> hill, <strong>and</strong>, in about anhour, after a good deal <strong>of</strong> scrambling amongst <strong>the</strong> bushes<strong>and</strong> long grass, we gained <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p, where we found a neatpathway with a ditch on each side, <strong>and</strong> a hedge growing on<strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mound, formed <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> earth from <strong>the</strong> ditch;it resembled not a little an English lane. Without knowingwhere this might take us <strong>to</strong>, we followed it, in <strong>the</strong> hope <strong>of</strong>meeting some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> people, but in this we were disappointed. Yet this place must, at times, be frequented, aswe observed a number <strong>of</strong> similar paths leading <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> right<strong>and</strong> left.The trees on this range <strong>of</strong> hills are low, <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> no greatbeauty; <strong>the</strong> fir is <strong>the</strong> most common, but we did not know<strong>the</strong> names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rest. After walking about a mile, ourpath <strong>to</strong>ok an abrupt turn down <strong>the</strong> brow <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hill, <strong>and</strong>appeared <strong>to</strong> lead <strong>to</strong> a large village at some distance. Theview from this elevation was very satisfac<strong>to</strong>ry, as it enabledus <strong>to</strong> check our rough eye draught <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> harbour <strong>and</strong><strong>coast</strong>. The road down <strong>the</strong> hill was so steep that it wasjust possible <strong>to</strong> st<strong>and</strong> upon it, being inclined, as was conjectured ori <strong>the</strong> spot, at an angle <strong>of</strong> 45°. At <strong>the</strong> foot <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> hill <strong>the</strong>re was a little cottage, consisting <strong>of</strong> two parts,GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 141made <strong>of</strong> wattled rattans, connected by a light open bambooro<strong>of</strong>, so covered with a large leaved creeper as <strong>to</strong> afford acomplete shelter from <strong>the</strong> sun. The cottage, which wasthatched, was enveloped in creepers, encircled by <strong>the</strong> usualrattan fence at two or three yards distance. One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> wingswas occupied by goats; <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r, which was dark, seemed<strong>to</strong> belong <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> people, who had deserted it on our approach.There being only a small hole in <strong>the</strong> wall <strong>to</strong> admit light <strong>and</strong>air, <strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong> allow <strong>the</strong> smoke <strong>to</strong> escape, every thing inside wasblack <strong>and</strong> dirty. Two spears hung on one side, which, uponenquiry afterwards, we were <strong>to</strong>ld were for striking fish. -On coming <strong>to</strong> our boats, we found <strong>the</strong>m surrounded bya party <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> natives, smaller in stature than our friends atNapakiang, <strong>and</strong> shewing less curiosity : probably <strong>the</strong>ir surprise at our sudden appearance had not subsided sufficiently<strong>to</strong> allow <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir indulging curiosity in detail. A large party<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m watched attentively while a musket was loaded, <strong>and</strong>when pointed over <strong>the</strong>ir heads in <strong>the</strong> air, <strong>the</strong>y seemedaware that something was going <strong>to</strong> happen, but from <strong>the</strong>irnot shrinking or removing out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> way, it seemed <strong>the</strong>yknew not what. When it was fired, <strong>the</strong> whole party fell asif <strong>the</strong>y had been shot, but rose instantly again, <strong>and</strong> looking<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> right <strong>and</strong> left <strong>of</strong> each o<strong>the</strong>r, indulged in a timorouslaugh. A cartridge was given <strong>to</strong> one man, with which he
142 VOYAGE TO THEwas nearly blowing himself up by placing it on his lightedpipe. The <strong>of</strong>ficer <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> boat informed us that a gentleman had come <strong>to</strong> him <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong>fered his horse <strong>to</strong> ride;he had dismounted for that purpose, but <strong>the</strong> horse wasfrightened, <strong>and</strong> would not suffer <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficer <strong>to</strong> get uponhim. We saw this person riding along when we were at<strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hill; he called out <strong>to</strong> us repeatedly, probably <strong>to</strong> <strong>of</strong>fer his horse, but we thought he wished <strong>to</strong> dissuade us from walking over <strong>the</strong> hill, <strong>and</strong> accordingly <strong>to</strong>okno notice <strong>of</strong> him.In <strong>the</strong> meantime Mr. Clifford, who had been unwell,<strong>and</strong> felt unequal <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> labour <strong>of</strong> climbing <strong>the</strong> hill, proceeded in one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> boats <strong>to</strong>wards a large village on <strong>the</strong>eastern side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lake. He was met by a number <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>inhabitants, whose dress <strong>and</strong> appearance were inferior <strong>to</strong>what we had been accus<strong>to</strong>med <strong>to</strong> see at Napakiang; on hisasking <strong>the</strong>m in Loo-choo for some water, <strong>the</strong>y gave itcheerfully; but <strong>the</strong>y shewed little curiosity, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> partywhich followed wherever he went, seemed <strong>to</strong> have no o<strong>the</strong>robject than <strong>to</strong> prevent disturbance. They made no objection<strong>to</strong> his going in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> village, where he saw in one inclosurea complete farm-yard. The principal house was closed,but <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fices <strong>the</strong>re was free access. In <strong>the</strong> stable weretwo h<strong>and</strong>some bay ponies; <strong>the</strong>re was also a well.s<strong>to</strong>ckedGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 143pig-sty, <strong>and</strong> a poultry-house. In ano<strong>the</strong>r quarter s<strong>to</strong>od amill for husking corn, consisting <strong>of</strong> a grooved solid cylinder<strong>of</strong> wood, fitting neatly in<strong>to</strong> a hollow cylinder, <strong>the</strong> sides <strong>of</strong>which were also grooved; near this lay a h<strong>and</strong> flour-mill<strong>and</strong> several baskets <strong>of</strong> cot<strong>to</strong>n. In ano<strong>the</strong>r part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>court was a granary erected on posts about six feet above<strong>the</strong> ground, having billets <strong>of</strong> fire-wood piled below it. Atano<strong>the</strong>r place, under a tree in <strong>the</strong> village, he saw a blacksmith's anvil fixed in a block; <strong>the</strong> forge was <strong>of</strong> masonry,having an air hole, but <strong>the</strong> bellows was wanting.In <strong>the</strong> centre <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> village s<strong>to</strong>od a building like atemple, surrounded by a s<strong>to</strong>ne wall. It was filled wi<strong>the</strong>legant vases <strong>of</strong> different shapes <strong>and</strong> sizes, closed up <strong>and</strong>ranged in rows on <strong>the</strong> floor; <strong>the</strong> ver<strong>and</strong>ah encircling <strong>the</strong>building was also covered with vases. According <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><strong>account</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> natives, <strong>the</strong> remains <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dead are deposited in <strong>the</strong>se jars. Round <strong>the</strong> building bamboo poleswere placed so as <strong>to</strong> lean against <strong>the</strong> thatched ro<strong>of</strong>, havingnotches cut in <strong>the</strong>m, <strong>to</strong> which bundles <strong>of</strong> flowers were hung,some fresh, o<strong>the</strong>rs decayed, apparently funereal <strong>of</strong>ferings;but <strong>the</strong>ir exact import Mr. Clifford was not able <strong>to</strong> learn.The elegant shape <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> vases, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> tasteful way inwhich <strong>the</strong>y were arranged, with <strong>the</strong> flowers hanging all round,gave <strong>to</strong> this cemetery an air <strong>of</strong> cheerfulness, which we are inill
144 VOYAGE TO THE<strong>the</strong> habit <strong>of</strong> thinking unsuitable <strong>to</strong> a deposi<strong>to</strong>ry <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>dead.This village, which is at <strong>the</strong> head <strong>of</strong> a bay, is shelteredfrom <strong>the</strong> north wind by a row <strong>of</strong> trees between it <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>beach; behind it is sheltered by a range <strong>of</strong> hills.A broadroad runs between it <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> water; trees are plantedamong <strong>the</strong> houses, so as nearly <strong>to</strong> conceal <strong>the</strong>m.In <strong>the</strong>middle <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> village near <strong>the</strong> cemetery, in an open square,<strong>the</strong>re is a cluster <strong>of</strong> granaries like <strong>the</strong> one described above;<strong>the</strong> walls are made <strong>of</strong> wattled rattan, <strong>and</strong> overhang <strong>the</strong>lower part.Mr. Clifford tried in vain <strong>to</strong> see <strong>the</strong> Chief <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> village;but ei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong>re was no such person, or he was out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>way :<strong>the</strong> inhabitants pointed out a man on horseback as aChief, who passed on <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r village; this was probably<strong>the</strong> same man who <strong>of</strong>fered his horse <strong>to</strong> Mr. Hall, <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficer<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> boat. Mr. Clifford went <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rangebehind <strong>the</strong> village, <strong>and</strong> afterwards in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> valley on <strong>the</strong>o<strong>the</strong>r side, which he found highly cultivated.From <strong>the</strong> heights we saw that <strong>the</strong> large space whichwas at first considered a lake, communicates with <strong>the</strong>sea <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> north-eastward, as well as by <strong>the</strong> narrow passage through which we had come, but <strong>the</strong>re was not time<strong>to</strong> allow <strong>of</strong> its being fully examined.As we returnedGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 145by <strong>the</strong> narrow straits, we called at some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> small villages on <strong>the</strong> eastern side. At one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se, <strong>the</strong> people <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>village, headed by a man who appeared <strong>to</strong> be superior <strong>to</strong><strong>the</strong> rest, came <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> boat, <strong>and</strong> s<strong>to</strong>pped for someminutes at <strong>the</strong> distance <strong>of</strong> fifty yards; after which, appearing <strong>to</strong> have gained confidence, <strong>the</strong>y came on, with <strong>the</strong>old man in front, carrying a green bough in his h<strong>and</strong>. He•would not come close, however, till invited by Mr. Cliffordin Loo-choo <strong>to</strong> look at <strong>the</strong> boat; he <strong>the</strong>n advanced <strong>and</strong>presented his bough, in return for Avhich we broke a branchfrom a tree, <strong>and</strong> gave it <strong>to</strong> him with <strong>the</strong> same formality hehad used <strong>to</strong>wards us. Soon after this exchange was made,<strong>the</strong>y left us, <strong>and</strong> went <strong>to</strong> examine <strong>the</strong> boat, <strong>to</strong> fishermenalways an object <strong>of</strong> great interest.On our entering <strong>the</strong> village we were met by a man whoappeared <strong>to</strong> be <strong>the</strong> principal person <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> place; he wasvery polite, shewed us through <strong>the</strong> village, <strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong>ok us overhis garden, where he had some sugar-cane growing; thiswe admired very much, upon which he ordered one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>finest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> canes <strong>to</strong> be taken up by <strong>the</strong> roots <strong>and</strong> presented <strong>to</strong> us; we immediately gave him a few but<strong>to</strong>ns <strong>of</strong>four jackets, with which he was quite pleased. On its beginning <strong>to</strong> rain while we were in <strong>the</strong> garden, he invited usin<strong>to</strong> his house, which, from <strong>the</strong> walls being <strong>of</strong> wattled cane,u
Illllllll I I•,. 11146 VOYAGE TO THElooked like a large basket. Rude pictures <strong>and</strong> carvedwood-work figures were hanging on <strong>the</strong> walls, <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r withsome inscriptions in Chinese characters.On returning <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> lower harbour <strong>of</strong> all, we went <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>large village before spoken <strong>of</strong>, which is by far <strong>the</strong> mostfinished <strong>of</strong> any that we have seen on this isl<strong>and</strong>. The streetsare regular <strong>and</strong> clean swept; each house has a neat canewall, as well as a screen before <strong>the</strong> door; plantain <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rtrees are growing so thickly in <strong>the</strong> inside <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fence, that<strong>the</strong>y completely shade <strong>the</strong> house. Near <strong>the</strong> beach wereseveral large houses, in which a number <strong>of</strong> people were seatedwriting: on going up <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>m <strong>the</strong>y gave us tea <strong>and</strong> cakes,<strong>and</strong> afterwards allowed us <strong>to</strong> go over <strong>the</strong> village withoutrestraint; <strong>the</strong>y were curious <strong>to</strong> know whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> brig wascoming in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> harbour or not, <strong>and</strong> if so, how many dayswe meant <strong>to</strong> stay; <strong>the</strong>y expressed nei<strong>the</strong>r pleasure norregret when we said that we were not coming in. In front<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> village, <strong>and</strong> parallel with <strong>the</strong> beach, <strong>the</strong>re is a splendidavenue thirty feet wide, formed by two rows <strong>of</strong> large trees,whose branches join overhead, <strong>and</strong> effectually screen <strong>the</strong>walk from <strong>the</strong> sun; here <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>re are placed woodenbenches, <strong>and</strong> at some places s<strong>to</strong>ne seats are fixed near <strong>the</strong>trees: this space, which is about a quarter <strong>of</strong> a mile long,is probably used as a public walk.GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 147A range <strong>of</strong> hills <strong>of</strong> a semicircular form embraces <strong>the</strong>village, <strong>and</strong> limits its extent: at most places it is steep, butat <strong>the</strong> point where <strong>the</strong> north end joins <strong>the</strong> harbour, <strong>the</strong>re isan overhanging cliff about eighty feet high, <strong>the</strong> upper part<strong>of</strong> Avhich extends considerably beyond <strong>the</strong> base; at eigh<strong>to</strong>r ten yards from <strong>the</strong> ground on this inclined face, a longhorizontal gallery has been hewn out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> solid rock:it communicates with a number <strong>of</strong> small square excavationsstill deeper in <strong>the</strong> rock, for <strong>the</strong> reception <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> vases containing <strong>the</strong> bones <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dead.The trees <strong>and</strong> creepers on <strong>the</strong> edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> precipice hungdown so as <strong>to</strong> meet <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>ps <strong>of</strong> those Avhich grew below, <strong>and</strong>thus a screen was formed which threw <strong>the</strong> gallery in<strong>to</strong> deepshade: every thing here being perfectly still, <strong>the</strong> scene wasvery solemn <strong>and</strong> imposing. It <strong>to</strong>ok us somewhat by surprise, for nothing in its external appearance indicated <strong>the</strong>purpose <strong>to</strong> which <strong>the</strong> place was appropriated : happening <strong>to</strong>discover an opening amongst <strong>the</strong> trees <strong>and</strong> brushwood, <strong>and</strong>resolving <strong>to</strong> see what it led <strong>to</strong>, we entered by a narrow pathwinding through <strong>the</strong> grove. The liveliness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> scenerywithout, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> various amusements <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> day, had put usall in<strong>to</strong> high spirits, but <strong>the</strong> unexpected <strong>and</strong> sacred gloom <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> scene in which we suddenly found ourselves had an instantaneous effect in repressing <strong>the</strong> mirth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> whole party.
148 VOYAGE TO THEThis village is called Oonting, <strong>and</strong> is certainly <strong>the</strong> samethat is alluded <strong>to</strong> by <strong>the</strong> chiefs, <strong>and</strong> which we formerly wrotedown Winching <strong>and</strong> Oonching.This excellent harbour, which we discovered, has beennamed Port Melville, in honour <strong>of</strong> Lord Viscount Melville,First Lord <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Admiralty.It was quite dark when we reached <strong>the</strong> brig. As aheavy swell was rolling in, no time was lost in getting underweigh, but before we could succeed in running well <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong>reefs, <strong>the</strong> wind suddenly changed, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> wea<strong>the</strong>r, whichbefore had been fine, became so dark <strong>and</strong> squally, that wealmost lost sight <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> shore.Our situation was now verycritical, for we had just sufficient knowledge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>coast</strong>,<strong>to</strong> be sensible how extremely dangerous it was; <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>wind, which blew directly on <strong>the</strong> shore, came in suchviolent gusts, that <strong>the</strong>re was every reason <strong>to</strong> apprehend<strong>the</strong> loss <strong>of</strong> our <strong>to</strong>pmasts; <strong>to</strong> reef <strong>the</strong> sails was impossible,as <strong>the</strong> delay which this operation must have caused wouldhave been fatal.While things were in this state, it becamenecessary <strong>to</strong> tack, but owing <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> heavy <strong>and</strong> irregularswell, <strong>the</strong> brig came round again against our will, <strong>and</strong>before <strong>the</strong> sails could be properly trimmed, she had gonestern foremost almost <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> verge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> reef, on which <strong>the</strong>sea was breaking <strong>to</strong> a great height.Had this occurredGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 149a second time, nothing could have prevented our beingwrecked. After beating about in this awkward predicamentfor two hours, <strong>the</strong> wind shifted a little, <strong>and</strong> enabled us <strong>to</strong>stretch <strong>of</strong>f clear <strong>of</strong> all danger.12th <strong>of</strong> Oc<strong>to</strong>ber.—It blew so hard that we kept out atsea clear <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> shore.13th <strong>of</strong> Oc<strong>to</strong>ber.—As <strong>the</strong> wea<strong>the</strong>r had become moderate,we s<strong>to</strong>od in, <strong>and</strong> determined <strong>the</strong> position <strong>of</strong> five isl<strong>and</strong>swhich lie <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> northward <strong>of</strong> Port Melville.14th <strong>of</strong> Oc<strong>to</strong>ber.—During this day <strong>the</strong> whole <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>east side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> great isl<strong>and</strong> was explored.The north <strong>and</strong>north-east sides are high, <strong>and</strong> destitute <strong>of</strong> cultivation;nearly in <strong>the</strong> middle, on this side, <strong>the</strong>re is a deep indentureon <strong>the</strong> <strong>coast</strong>, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> wind being such as <strong>to</strong> admit <strong>of</strong> sailingout again, we ran in under low sail with <strong>the</strong> usual precautions; notwithst<strong>and</strong>ing which we were very nearly on <strong>the</strong>reefs, for <strong>the</strong> water shoaled suddenly from twenty-four <strong>to</strong>eight fathoms; <strong>and</strong> although <strong>the</strong> brig was instantly tacked,*<strong>the</strong> soundings as she came round were only five fathoms,<strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong> leeward <strong>of</strong> us <strong>the</strong> ragged <strong>to</strong>ps <strong>of</strong> a rock just levelwith <strong>the</strong> surface were discovered at <strong>the</strong> distance <strong>of</strong> onlyfifty yards.In exploring such places <strong>the</strong>re ought <strong>to</strong> bea boat on each bow, as well as one a-head.The <strong>coast</strong>from this bay <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> south point <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong> has a belt
150 VOYAGE TO THE<strong>of</strong> coral reefs at <strong>the</strong> distance <strong>of</strong> ten <strong>and</strong> fifteen miles from<strong>the</strong> shore, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>refore cannot be approached by a shipwithout great danger. The extreme south point is comparatively clear <strong>of</strong> coral; we <strong>the</strong>refore anchored <strong>of</strong>f it atsunset, proposing <strong>to</strong> l<strong>and</strong> next day <strong>to</strong> determine its position.We found <strong>the</strong> iron cables <strong>of</strong> great use when anchoringamongst coral reefs.loth <strong>of</strong> Oc<strong>to</strong>ber.—It blew hard last night, but in <strong>the</strong>forenoon it moderated sufficiently <strong>to</strong> allow <strong>of</strong> our l<strong>and</strong>ing.We ascertained <strong>the</strong> latitude <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> extreme south pointwith precision, <strong>and</strong> made several o<strong>the</strong>r observations, allcircumstances being favourable.We had scarcely l<strong>and</strong>ed when <strong>the</strong> natives began <strong>to</strong> assemble in groups on <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cliffs, <strong>and</strong> in a shorttime <strong>the</strong>y came down <strong>to</strong> us, most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m carrying longpoles in <strong>the</strong>ir h<strong>and</strong>s; we were sufficiently aware <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir in<strong>of</strong>fensive character <strong>to</strong> have no apprehension <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir intentions, o<strong>the</strong>rwise <strong>the</strong>ir appearance would have been somewhatformidable. There was no person <strong>of</strong> rank among <strong>the</strong>m;<strong>the</strong>y were communicative <strong>and</strong> full <strong>of</strong> curiosit}?, which difference in manner from <strong>the</strong> inhabitants on <strong>the</strong> shores <strong>of</strong> PortMelville ma.y have arisen from <strong>the</strong>se people knowing something <strong>of</strong> us by reports from Napakiang, which is not aboveten miles distant. It was <strong>to</strong> be expected that we shouldGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 151liave become a <strong>to</strong>pic <strong>of</strong> discourse at so short a distance, <strong>and</strong>probably what was said <strong>of</strong> us would be favourable, or atall events such as would excite curiosity ra<strong>the</strong>r than fear.Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se people had fish spears ta<strong>to</strong>oed on <strong>the</strong>ir armsin <strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong> a trident, with rude barbs. When drawn on<strong>the</strong> right arm it is called " Oodeemaw ;" when on <strong>the</strong> left," Tooga." This is <strong>the</strong> only instance we have met with <strong>of</strong>this practice. Our curiosity was far<strong>the</strong>r excited by <strong>the</strong> appearance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se spears, from <strong>the</strong> circumstance <strong>of</strong> our neverhaving seen any warlike weapon on this isl<strong>and</strong>; but <strong>the</strong>people invariably called <strong>the</strong>m " Eeo stitchee" (fish spear).Several <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tallest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se people were measured, but nonewere above five feet six inches; <strong>the</strong>y are, however, stronglimbed <strong>and</strong> well proportioned. One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m wore a ringon his finger, which is <strong>the</strong> only instance we have met with <strong>of</strong>any ornament being worn at Loo-Choo. The ring finger iscalled in <strong>the</strong> Loo-choo language, " Eebee gannee/' finger <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> ring; <strong>and</strong> it seems a fair inference from this, that amongstsome part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> community rings are habitually worn;probably by <strong>the</strong> women. The <strong>coast</strong> here is formed <strong>of</strong>cliffs, about seventy or eighty feet high, with numerouscaverns hollowed out by <strong>the</strong> waves. The pools <strong>of</strong> water leftby <strong>the</strong> tide were full <strong>of</strong> beautiful fish <strong>of</strong> a great variety <strong>of</strong>colours.
HUM,ii152 VOYAGE TO THE16th <strong>of</strong> Oc<strong>to</strong>ber.—In <strong>the</strong> morning we weighed <strong>and</strong>s<strong>to</strong>od <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>west</strong>ward, among <strong>the</strong> group <strong>of</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s calledAmakirrima by <strong>the</strong> natives. At one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se <strong>the</strong>re seemedat first sight <strong>to</strong> be a harbour for ships; but on sending<strong>the</strong> boats <strong>to</strong> explore, it proved only safe for small vesselsbeing filled in every part with coral. On our way acrossfrom <strong>the</strong> south point <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> great isl<strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Amakirrimas,we passed near a coral reef exactly circular, <strong>and</strong> half a milein diameter; it is just level with <strong>the</strong> water's edge at half«bb, so that in fine wea<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> sea does not break uponany part <strong>of</strong> it. As it is upwards <strong>of</strong> seven miles from anyl<strong>and</strong>, <strong>and</strong> lies directly in <strong>the</strong> passage <strong>to</strong>Avards Napakiang,,it is exceedingly .dangerous, <strong>and</strong> ought not <strong>to</strong> be approachedin <strong>the</strong> night by a stranger.At four o'clock we anchored in our old place in-shore <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> Alceste. As we s<strong>to</strong>od <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> anchorage we couldsee <strong>the</strong> coral from <strong>the</strong> mas<strong>the</strong>ad so distinctly as <strong>to</strong> be able<strong>to</strong> trace <strong>the</strong> forms <strong>of</strong> all <strong>the</strong> reefs as we passed among <strong>the</strong>m.This can rarely be done, although <strong>the</strong> water is always clear,because an unusual degree <strong>of</strong> smoothness in <strong>the</strong> surface is/requisite <strong>to</strong> make <strong>the</strong> rocks visible; <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> sun must alsoshine upon <strong>the</strong> water at a particular angle. A stranger cannot<strong>the</strong>refore calculate upon having <strong>the</strong> danger pointed out inthis way; but when such circumstances do occur <strong>the</strong>y mayGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. loSbe taken advantage <strong>of</strong> <strong>to</strong> check <strong>the</strong> surveys <strong>of</strong> reefs madein boats.We find things at Napakiang nearly as we left <strong>the</strong>m;<strong>the</strong> best underst<strong>and</strong>ing seems <strong>to</strong> exist between CaptainMaxwell <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> chiefs. Every body is allowed <strong>to</strong> walkabout <strong>and</strong> do as he likes. The frigate has been bountifullysupplied with s<strong>to</strong>ck <strong>and</strong> vegetables; <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> sick on shoreare rapidly recovering under <strong>the</strong> kind care <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> natives,-who take a peculiar interest in <strong>the</strong>ir comfort.A young man belonging <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Alceste had died duringour absence. When <strong>the</strong> natives were informed <strong>of</strong> this circumstance, <strong>the</strong>y requested permission <strong>to</strong> make <strong>the</strong> grave,<strong>and</strong> begged Captain Maxwell <strong>to</strong> point out a place for thispurpose. Captain Maxwell said that no situation could bemore appropriate than under <strong>the</strong> grove <strong>of</strong> trees near <strong>the</strong>temple, a spot already rendered sacred by many Loo-choo<strong>to</strong>mbs.Next day <strong>the</strong> body was carried <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> grave with all <strong>the</strong>formalities usual on such occasions, Captain Maxwell,according <strong>to</strong> cus<strong>to</strong>m, Avalking last, with <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers <strong>and</strong>crew before him. The ready politeness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> natives wasnever more strikingly displayed than now; for perceivingthat those who were <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> highest rank walked in <strong>the</strong> rear,<strong>the</strong>y considered that <strong>the</strong>ir station must <strong>of</strong> course be in front;
154 VOYAGE TO THEGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND.looI."" I"If<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>y accordingly placed <strong>the</strong>mselves at <strong>the</strong> head <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>procession, <strong>and</strong> preserved throughout <strong>the</strong> ceremony <strong>the</strong>most pr<strong>of</strong>ound silence* They were all dressed in whiterobes, which we have reason <strong>to</strong> believe is <strong>the</strong>ir mourning.On <strong>the</strong> next day <strong>the</strong> natives requested leave <strong>to</strong> raise a<strong>to</strong>mb over <strong>the</strong> grave; this was <strong>of</strong> course agreed <strong>to</strong>, <strong>and</strong>when it was completed, <strong>the</strong>y performed <strong>the</strong>ir own funeral service over it, by sacrificing a large hog, <strong>and</strong> burning a quantity <strong>of</strong> spirits. Jeeroo <strong>of</strong>ficiated on this occasion, <strong>and</strong> whenhe had done, he carried <strong>the</strong> hog <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> sick in <strong>the</strong> hospital.. The chiefs also gave directions for a small square s<strong>to</strong>ne<strong>to</strong> be smoo<strong>the</strong>d <strong>and</strong> prepared for an epitaph; which beingtraced upon <strong>the</strong> s<strong>to</strong>ne by Mr. Taylor, <strong>the</strong> clergyman <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>Aleeste, was carved very neatly by <strong>the</strong> natives. Theepitaph^ after mentioning <strong>the</strong> name <strong>and</strong> age <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> deceased,stated briefly, that he <strong>and</strong> his companions in his Britannicmajesty's ships Aleeste <strong>and</strong> Lyra, had been kindly treatedby <strong>the</strong> inhabitants <strong>of</strong> this isl<strong>and</strong>. When <strong>the</strong> purport <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>writing was interpreted <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> chiefs, <strong>the</strong>y appeared verymuch gratified at our acknowledging <strong>the</strong>ir attentions.18th <strong>of</strong> Oc<strong>to</strong>ber.—Our friends expressed much pleasureon meeting us again, particularly Jeeroo, who seems <strong>to</strong> takegreat interest in our concerns: he carried us up <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>sailor's <strong>to</strong>mb, where we were joined by Ookooma, Jeema,I<strong>and</strong> some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs, who unaffectedly expressed <strong>the</strong>irsorrow for this man's untimely fate.I found my peoplewho had been l<strong>and</strong>ed previous <strong>to</strong> our sailing on <strong>the</strong> survey,•much recovered, <strong>and</strong> very grateful for <strong>the</strong> kindness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>natives.Milk, eggs, meat,<strong>and</strong> vegetables, had been brought<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>m every day, <strong>and</strong> whenever <strong>the</strong>y felt disposed <strong>to</strong> walk<strong>the</strong>y were accompanied by one or two <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> natives, who<strong>to</strong>ok <strong>the</strong>ir arms on coming <strong>to</strong> rough ground, <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong>tenhelped <strong>the</strong>m up <strong>the</strong> steep side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hill behind <strong>the</strong> hospital,<strong>to</strong> a pleasant grassy spot on <strong>the</strong> summit, where <strong>the</strong> nativeslighted pipes for <strong>the</strong>m: in short, I suppose sailors werenever so caressed before.The chiefs were anxious <strong>to</strong> know what we had been doingduring <strong>the</strong> week in which we had been absent. From anapprehension that <strong>the</strong>y might be displeased at our havinginstituted a regular examination <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> whole isl<strong>and</strong>, wesaid we had been looking at <strong>the</strong> harbour <strong>the</strong>y had spoken<strong>of</strong>; <strong>the</strong>y immediately mentioned <strong>the</strong> village <strong>of</strong> Oonting,<strong>and</strong> asked how we liked it. But <strong>the</strong>y guessed that we hadbeen round <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>, from seeing that we returned by <strong>the</strong>south, though we had sailed <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> north; <strong>the</strong>y saidrepeatedly, that <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong> was very small, appearing <strong>to</strong> beanxious <strong>to</strong> depreciate it; our reply <strong>of</strong> course was, that itwas very large <strong>and</strong> beautiful.
156 VOYAGE TO THEMadera has made great improvement in English, <strong>and</strong>his character is al<strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r more developed. He is quite athis ease in our company, <strong>and</strong> seems <strong>to</strong> take <strong>the</strong> mostextraordinary interest in every thing belonging <strong>to</strong> us; buthis ardent desire <strong>to</strong> inform himself on all subjects sometimesdistresses him a good deal; he observes <strong>the</strong> facility withwhich we do some things, <strong>and</strong> his enterprising mind suggests<strong>to</strong> him <strong>the</strong> possibility <strong>of</strong> his imitating us; but when he is madesensible <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> steps by which alone <strong>the</strong> knowledge he admires is <strong>to</strong> be attained, his despair is stronglymarked. He sometimes asks us <strong>to</strong> read English aloud <strong>to</strong>him, <strong>to</strong> which he always listens with <strong>the</strong> deepest attention.One day, on shore, he saw me with a book in my h<strong>and</strong>: hebegged me <strong>to</strong> sit down under a tree, <strong>and</strong> read : Jeeroo was<strong>the</strong> only chief present, but <strong>the</strong>re were several <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> peasantsin attendance upon him; <strong>the</strong>y all lay down on <strong>the</strong> grass,<strong>and</strong> listened with an attention <strong>and</strong> interest which are naturalenough: every one expressed himself pleased <strong>and</strong> satisfiedexcept Madera, whose anxiety was <strong>to</strong> read in <strong>the</strong> samemanner himself. From <strong>the</strong> earnest way in which he inquiredin<strong>to</strong> every subject, we were sometimes inclined <strong>to</strong> think tha<strong>the</strong> must have been directed by <strong>the</strong> government <strong>to</strong> informhimself 011 <strong>the</strong>se <strong>to</strong>pics; <strong>and</strong> certainly a fitter person couldnot have been selected; for he adapted himself so readilyGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND.<strong>to</strong> all ranks, that he became at once a favourite, <strong>and</strong> everyperson <strong>to</strong>ok pleasure in obliging him.Jeeroo is esteemed in ano<strong>the</strong>r way; he is uniformlygood humoured <strong>and</strong> obliging, <strong>and</strong> not without curiosity;but he is not clever, <strong>and</strong> has none <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fire <strong>and</strong> enthusiasm<strong>of</strong> Madera. We all think kindly <strong>of</strong> Jeeroo, <strong>and</strong> shake himcordially by <strong>the</strong> h<strong>and</strong> when we meet him; but Madera isadmired <strong>and</strong> respected, as well as esteemed, <strong>and</strong> his societyis courted for his own sake.Madera is about twenty-eight years <strong>of</strong> age, <strong>of</strong> a slenderfigure, <strong>and</strong> very active; his upper teeth project in fron<strong>to</strong>ver <strong>the</strong> lower ones, giving his face a remarkable, but not adisagreeable expression. He is always cheerful, <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong>ten.lively <strong>and</strong> playful, but his good sense prevents his ever goingbeyond <strong>the</strong> line <strong>of</strong> strict propriety. When required byetiquette <strong>to</strong> be grave, no one is so immoveably serious as:Madera, <strong>and</strong> when mirth rules <strong>the</strong> hour, he is <strong>the</strong> gayest<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> gay: such indeed is his taste on <strong>the</strong>se occasions,that he not only catches <strong>the</strong> outward <strong>to</strong>ne <strong>of</strong> his company,but really appears <strong>to</strong> think <strong>and</strong> feel as <strong>the</strong>y do. His enterprising spirit <strong>and</strong> versatility <strong>of</strong> talent have led him <strong>to</strong>engage in a number <strong>of</strong> pursuits; his success, however, is <strong>the</strong>most remarkable in his acquisition <strong>of</strong> English. About amonth after our arrival, he was asked what had become <strong>of</strong>
158 VOYAGE TO THEhis .companion Any a; he replied, " Anya, him mo<strong>the</strong>r sick,he go him mo<strong>the</strong>r house;" <strong>and</strong> when asked if he would return,he said, " Two, three day time, him mo<strong>the</strong>r no sick, he comeship/' With all <strong>the</strong>se endowments <strong>and</strong> attainments he is^unaffectedly modest, <strong>and</strong> never seems aware <strong>of</strong> his beingsuperior <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> rest <strong>of</strong> his countrymen. We were a longtime in doubt what was his real rank; for at first he kepthimself back, so that he was well known <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> midshipmen,before <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers were at all acquainted with him : hegradually came forward, <strong>and</strong> though he always wore <strong>the</strong> dress<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ordinary respectable natives, his manners evidently.belonged <strong>to</strong> a higher rank, but he never associated with <strong>the</strong>chiefs, <strong>and</strong> disclaimed having any pretensions <strong>to</strong> an equality-with <strong>the</strong>m. Notwithst<strong>and</strong>ing all this, <strong>the</strong>re were occasionalcircumstances, which, by shewing his authority, almostbetrayed his secret. One morning a difficulty arose aboutsome supplies which <strong>the</strong> chiefs had engaged <strong>to</strong> procure, butwhich <strong>the</strong>y had neglected <strong>to</strong> send; as soon as Madera was<strong>to</strong>ld <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> circumstance, he went <strong>to</strong> Captain Maxwell, <strong>and</strong>under<strong>to</strong>ok <strong>to</strong> arrange it <strong>to</strong> his satisfaction, at <strong>the</strong> same timebegging that if any difficulty occurred in future, he might;foe applied <strong>to</strong>. Whatever may beMadera's rank in his ownsociety, it is highly curious <strong>to</strong> discover in a country so circumstanced, <strong>the</strong> same politeness, self-denial, <strong>and</strong> graceful-GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 159ness <strong>of</strong> behaviour which <strong>the</strong> experience <strong>of</strong> civilized nationshas pointed out as constituting <strong>the</strong> most pleasing <strong>and</strong>advantageous form <strong>of</strong> intercourse.The great interest which Madera <strong>to</strong>ok in <strong>the</strong> English^<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> curiosity he always expressed about our cus<strong>to</strong>ms athome, suggested <strong>the</strong> idea <strong>of</strong> taking him with us <strong>to</strong> Engl<strong>and</strong>,where he would have been an interesting specimen <strong>of</strong> apeople so little known; <strong>and</strong> he also might have carried baekknowledge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> greatest use <strong>to</strong> his country. When it wasproposed <strong>to</strong> him, he paused for some minutes, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n,shaking his head, said, " I go Injeree,—fa<strong>the</strong>r, mo<strong>the</strong>r,childs, wife, house, all cry! not go; no, no, all cry I"In our absence a number <strong>of</strong> watch-houses had beenerected on <strong>the</strong> heights round <strong>the</strong> anchorage; <strong>the</strong>y are meresheds <strong>of</strong> cane thatched over, in which three or four <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>natives remain, day <strong>and</strong> night^ in order 1 <strong>to</strong> be ready <strong>to</strong>accompany any person who may happen <strong>to</strong> l<strong>and</strong>, whereverit be. They have also erected a long shed, with a floor <strong>of</strong>split bamboo; in this place, which is on <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hillabove <strong>the</strong> usual l<strong>and</strong>ing place, <strong>the</strong> chiefs generally assemblein <strong>the</strong> morning; <strong>the</strong>y invite every one who passes <strong>to</strong> drinktea <strong>and</strong> smoke pipes, which is very convenient when <strong>the</strong>boats happen not <strong>to</strong> be ready <strong>to</strong> take us on board. Each<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chiefs is attended by a boy, generally his son, whose
"I160 VOYAGE TO THEbusiness it is <strong>to</strong> carry a little square box, in which <strong>the</strong>re areseveral small drawers, divided in<strong>to</strong> compartments, filledwith rice, sliced eggs, small squares <strong>of</strong> smoked pork, cakes,<strong>and</strong> fish; <strong>and</strong> in one corner a small metal pot <strong>of</strong> sackee,besides cups arid chopsticks. By having this always with<strong>the</strong>m, <strong>the</strong>y can dine when <strong>and</strong> where <strong>the</strong>y choose. Theyfrequently invite us <strong>to</strong> dine with <strong>the</strong>m, <strong>and</strong> if we agree <strong>to</strong><strong>the</strong> proposal, <strong>the</strong>y generally ask any o<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chiefswhom <strong>the</strong>y meet <strong>to</strong> be <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> party <strong>and</strong> join dinners. Theplace selected for <strong>the</strong>se pic nics is commonly under <strong>the</strong>trees, in a cool spot, where a mat is spread on <strong>the</strong> grass;<strong>and</strong> every thing being laid out in great order, <strong>the</strong> partylies down in a circle, <strong>and</strong> seldom breaks up till <strong>the</strong> sackeepot is empty.An artist <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong> brought a drawing <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> AlcesteOn board <strong>to</strong>-day for Captain Maxwell: it is about two feetby one <strong>and</strong> a half, <strong>and</strong> is al<strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r a most extraordinaryproduction, in which perspective <strong>and</strong> proportion are curiously disregarded. The captain <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers are introducedin full uniform, <strong>and</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sailors on <strong>the</strong> rigging<strong>and</strong> masts. With all its extravagance, however, it hasconsiderable merit; <strong>the</strong>re is nothing slovenly about it, <strong>and</strong><strong>the</strong>re is enough <strong>of</strong> truth in it <strong>to</strong> shew that it was sketchedon <strong>the</strong> spot.GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 161A dispute has arisen between John <strong>the</strong> interpreter <strong>and</strong><strong>the</strong> chiefs, who it seems had positively promised <strong>to</strong> get ahorse for Captain Maxwell <strong>to</strong> ride; as <strong>the</strong>y have not kept<strong>the</strong>ir word, John declares that he will have nothing <strong>to</strong> say<strong>to</strong> people who do not speak truth. They have again promised, however, that a horse will be got ready, <strong>and</strong> in <strong>the</strong>mean time, a fresh s<strong>to</strong>ck <strong>of</strong> beef <strong>and</strong> vegetables has beensent <strong>to</strong> both ships, which has pacified John a little. Wehave had much occasion <strong>to</strong> lament not having been accompanied, by one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> gentlemen <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fac<strong>to</strong>ry acquaintedwith <strong>the</strong> Chinese language, for although <strong>to</strong> have John is muchbetter than <strong>to</strong> be without any interpreter, it is probable tha<strong>the</strong> is not very delicate in his requests, <strong>and</strong> makes use <strong>of</strong>expressions <strong>and</strong> arguments unsuited <strong>to</strong> our character, <strong>and</strong>contrary <strong>to</strong> our wishes <strong>and</strong> instructions.19th <strong>of</strong> Oc<strong>to</strong>ber.—In <strong>the</strong> morning, before breakfast,Captain Maxwell was informed by one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chiefs, that ahorse was ready for him on <strong>the</strong> beach; he l<strong>and</strong>ed accordingly, <strong>and</strong> found a little pony saddled, <strong>and</strong> two <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>chiefs mounted. They objected <strong>to</strong> his riding in <strong>the</strong> country,where <strong>the</strong> roads were uneven, so that for <strong>the</strong> present hisride was confined <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> beach. The saddle is made <strong>of</strong>wood, <strong>and</strong> so uneven as <strong>to</strong> be very unpleasant: it is proposed <strong>to</strong> have one made <strong>of</strong> a blanket <strong>and</strong> mats in future.
VOYAGE TO THETo <strong>the</strong> stirrup <strong>the</strong>re is tied a box, large enough <strong>to</strong> receive<strong>the</strong> whole foot.A dinner was given <strong>to</strong>-day by Captain Maxwell <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>chiefs Ookooma, Shayoon, Issacha S<strong>and</strong>oo, Jeema, <strong>and</strong>Issacha Hackeeboocoo ; Jeeroo was also invited <strong>to</strong> it, butdid not attend; being <strong>the</strong> junior, he had probably been leftin charge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> beach <strong>and</strong> s<strong>to</strong>re-rooms.Madera also madeone <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> party, though not originally included in <strong>the</strong>invitation.As he had never laid any claim <strong>to</strong> an equalityin rank with <strong>the</strong> chiefs, it had not been thought right <strong>to</strong>invite him along with <strong>the</strong>m: but Madera, who probablyknew that he would be very welcome, put himself in CaptainMaxwell's way just before dinner, <strong>and</strong> was prevailed upon,after a little persuasion, <strong>to</strong> remain.Dinner was served at five o'clock in as sumptuous a styleas possible.Ookooma was placed on Captain Maxwell'sright, <strong>and</strong> Shayoon on his left; I sat beside <strong>the</strong> former,<strong>and</strong> Mr. Clifford next <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r; <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> two chiefs nextin rank, <strong>and</strong> beside <strong>the</strong>m two <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ship :<strong>the</strong> first lieutenant, Mr. Hickman, sat at <strong>the</strong> foot <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>table, with Hackeeboocoo on his right, <strong>and</strong> Madera on hisleft. They were all in great spirits, <strong>and</strong> ate <strong>and</strong> drankfreely, <strong>and</strong> though <strong>the</strong>y complained <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> size <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>glasses, <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> strength <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> wine, tasted every thingGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 163from punch <strong>to</strong> champagne: <strong>the</strong> briskness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> last indeedsurprised <strong>the</strong>m not a little, <strong>and</strong> effectually muddled two <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong>m for some time. Cheese was <strong>the</strong> only thing <strong>the</strong>y allobjected <strong>to</strong>, probably on <strong>account</strong> <strong>of</strong> its being made <strong>of</strong> milk»which <strong>the</strong>y never taste. The interpreter not being present,<strong>the</strong> conversation was carried on through Mr. Clifford <strong>and</strong>Madera, <strong>and</strong> partly by signs. Whe<strong>the</strong>r intelligibly or not^every body was talking. Madera has dined <strong>of</strong>ten on board<strong>the</strong> ship, <strong>and</strong> is quite perfect in our cus<strong>to</strong>ms. On thisoccasion he <strong>to</strong>ok great charge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chiefs at his end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>table, speaking sometimes in one language <strong>and</strong> sometimes in<strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r. Observing Jeema eating ham without mustard,he called <strong>to</strong> Captain Maxwell's servant, <strong>and</strong> pointing <strong>to</strong>Jeema, said, " Tom, take mustard <strong>to</strong> him." When <strong>the</strong>desert was put on table, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> wine decanters ranged ina line, <strong>the</strong>y exclaimed in as<strong>to</strong>nishment, " Moo eeyroo noosackee," six kinds or colours <strong>of</strong> wine; but <strong>the</strong> sweetmeats<strong>and</strong> prepared confectionary pleased <strong>the</strong>m most.After sitting about an hour <strong>and</strong> a half after dinner, <strong>and</strong>drinking with <strong>to</strong>lerable spirit, <strong>the</strong>y rose <strong>to</strong> depart; but this<strong>the</strong>y were not allowed <strong>to</strong> do, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>y were informed that itwas <strong>the</strong> English cus<strong>to</strong>m <strong>to</strong> sit a much longer time. Theyrepresented that <strong>the</strong> sun had set, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>y would never beable <strong>to</strong> find <strong>the</strong>ir way on shore, but would all be drowned in
\\m164 VOYAGE TO THEattempting it. This alarming difficulty was easily overruled by a promise <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> barge, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>y sat down again.While <strong>the</strong> discussion was going on between Captain Maxwell <strong>and</strong> his guests, Madera kept his seat, <strong>and</strong> looked abouthim in his keen observant way, <strong>to</strong> discover, if he could,what was likely <strong>to</strong> be <strong>the</strong> issue <strong>of</strong> this adventure. Havingobserved that in general we were anxious <strong>to</strong> keep our company at table as long as we could, he naturally enoughthought that we would not let this opportunity pass <strong>of</strong>entertaining <strong>the</strong> chiefs according <strong>to</strong> our fashion. Heappeared <strong>to</strong> have settled this question with himself just as<strong>the</strong> chiefs resumed <strong>the</strong>ir seats, for rising half <strong>of</strong>f his chair,<strong>and</strong> with a mixture <strong>of</strong> archness <strong>and</strong> simplicity, as if he hadmade an amusing <strong>discovery</strong>, cried out in English, " Whenall drunk <strong>the</strong>n go ashore \" Though Madera, as will be seen,was not quite right m his guess, <strong>the</strong>re was enough <strong>of</strong> truthin his remark <strong>to</strong> raise a hearty laugh among those whounders<strong>to</strong>od him; <strong>and</strong> as he joined in this laugh at his ownjoke, it was some time before he could explain what he hadsaid <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> chiefs, who, being in a merry humour <strong>the</strong>mselves,tpok it in perfect good part, though <strong>the</strong>ir mirth was evidentlydashed by a little apprehension <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fate which M&derahad anticipated for <strong>the</strong>m.The health <strong>of</strong> his Royal Highness <strong>the</strong> Prince Regent wasGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 165<strong>the</strong>n given, all <strong>the</strong> company st<strong>and</strong>ing in <strong>the</strong> most respectfulmanner. This was followed by <strong>the</strong> health <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> King <strong>of</strong>Loo-choo, which was drank with similar observances. Onsitting down after <strong>the</strong> latter <strong>to</strong>ast, <strong>the</strong> chiefs conferred afew minutes across <strong>the</strong> table, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n all rose <strong>to</strong> proposeCaptain Maxwell's health; <strong>the</strong>ir wishes being explained byM&dera. When <strong>the</strong>y sat down, Captain Maxwell proposed<strong>the</strong> health <strong>of</strong> Ookooma <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r chiefs, but as we inreturn s<strong>to</strong>od up <strong>to</strong> drink <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>m, <strong>the</strong>ir modesty disclaimedthis part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> compliment, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>y rose likewise; norwas it till a good deal <strong>of</strong> persuasion had been used, that <strong>the</strong>yconsented <strong>to</strong> be seated while we were st<strong>and</strong>ing.These four bumpers made <strong>the</strong> party very merry, <strong>and</strong> itnow was intimated <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>m, that as all <strong>the</strong> usual formalitieshad been observed, <strong>the</strong>y might drink just as much as <strong>the</strong>yliked, or pass <strong>the</strong> bottle al<strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r; a permission <strong>of</strong> whichfew <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong>ok advantage. They lighted <strong>the</strong>ir pipes,laughed, joked, <strong>and</strong> seemed so happy, that it was agreed onall h<strong>and</strong>s, that conviviality is no where better unders<strong>to</strong>odthan at Loo-choo. After a time, at our request, <strong>the</strong>y playedsome games, <strong>of</strong> which we had heard <strong>the</strong>m speak. The object<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se games was drinking; a cup <strong>of</strong> wine being <strong>the</strong> invariable forfeit. That every thing might be in character during<strong>the</strong> games, some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir own little cups were put on table.ifil
166 VOYAGE TO THEOne person holds <strong>the</strong> stalk <strong>of</strong> his <strong>to</strong>bacco-pipe between <strong>the</strong>palms <strong>of</strong> his h<strong>and</strong>s, so that <strong>the</strong> pipe rolls round as he moveshis h<strong>and</strong>s, which he is <strong>to</strong> hold over his head, so as not <strong>to</strong>See <strong>the</strong>m. After turning it round for a short time, he suddenly s<strong>to</strong>ps, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> person <strong>to</strong> whom <strong>the</strong> bowl is directedhas <strong>to</strong> drink a cup <strong>of</strong> wine. Ano<strong>the</strong>r is a Chinese game:one person holds his h<strong>and</strong> closed over his head, he <strong>the</strong>nbrings it quickly down before him with one or more fingersextended; <strong>the</strong> person he is playing with calls out <strong>the</strong>number <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m, <strong>and</strong> if he guesses right, he has <strong>to</strong> drink<strong>the</strong> cup <strong>of</strong> wine. These <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r games caused a gooddeal <strong>of</strong> noisy mirth, <strong>and</strong> at length it was proposed by <strong>the</strong>m<strong>to</strong> go out, in order <strong>to</strong> look at <strong>the</strong> sailors who were dancing ondeck. Before leaving <strong>the</strong> cabin, <strong>the</strong>y shewed us a Loo-choodance round <strong>the</strong> table: Madera placed himself at <strong>the</strong> headbefore Ookooma, while <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs ranged <strong>the</strong>mselves in a linebehind him; he began by a song, <strong>the</strong> air <strong>of</strong> which was verypretty, <strong>and</strong> nearly at <strong>the</strong> same time commenced <strong>the</strong> dance,which consisted principally in throwing <strong>the</strong> body in<strong>to</strong> avariety <strong>of</strong> postures, <strong>and</strong> twisting <strong>the</strong> h<strong>and</strong>s about. Sometimes <strong>the</strong> h<strong>and</strong>s were placed flat <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r, at o<strong>the</strong>rs separate,but generally <strong>the</strong> former; <strong>the</strong> movements both <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> body<strong>and</strong> h<strong>and</strong>s were regular <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> a waving description. Thehead was-made <strong>to</strong> incline slowly from side <strong>to</strong> side, so asGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 167almost <strong>to</strong> <strong>to</strong>uch <strong>the</strong> shoulders; <strong>the</strong> feet were moved with aslight shuffling motion, with an occasional long sweepingstep <strong>to</strong> one side <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n back again; but <strong>the</strong> perfection<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dance appeared <strong>to</strong> be in <strong>the</strong> proper use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> h<strong>and</strong>s,<strong>and</strong> body. The words <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dance song were " Sasa sangcoomah,sangcoomee ah! sangcoomee ah! kadee yoosheedaw;" when <strong>the</strong>y came <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> last word <strong>the</strong>y all joinedin <strong>the</strong> chorus <strong>and</strong> clapped <strong>the</strong>ir h<strong>and</strong>s. Although Maderawas <strong>the</strong> leader both in <strong>the</strong> dance <strong>and</strong> song, he was occasionally joined in <strong>the</strong> latter by several <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs, <strong>the</strong>whole party repeating <strong>the</strong> last word several times over.In this way <strong>the</strong>y went several times round <strong>the</strong> table. Madera had a graceful carriage, <strong>and</strong> his dancing, though fantastic, was really elegant; his singing <strong>to</strong>o was in good taste.The o<strong>the</strong>rs danced clumsily, though in perfect good time,<strong>and</strong> joined with some spirit in <strong>the</strong> chorus.The ship was illuminated, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> sailors were dancing on<strong>the</strong> upper deck. The chiefs were much pleased with thisscene, which was lively enough. After watching <strong>the</strong> dance <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> sailors for a few minutes, Madera, who, <strong>to</strong> use a commonphrase, " was up <strong>to</strong> every thing," ran among <strong>the</strong> sailors, <strong>and</strong>seizing one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m by <strong>the</strong> shoulders, put him out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>dance, <strong>to</strong>ok his place, <strong>and</strong> kept up <strong>the</strong> reel with <strong>the</strong> samespirit, <strong>and</strong> exactly in <strong>the</strong> same style <strong>and</strong> step as <strong>the</strong> sailors..
168 VOYAGE TO THEThe o<strong>the</strong>r dances were left <strong>of</strong>f, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> whole ship's companyassembling round Madera, cheered <strong>and</strong> clapped him till <strong>the</strong>dance was done. The chiefs joined in <strong>the</strong> applause, seemingno less surprised than ourselves at Madera's skill, for hisimitation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sailors* odd steps <strong>and</strong> gestures was as exactas if he had lived amongst seamen all his life. The <strong>of</strong>ficers<strong>the</strong>n danced a country dance, after which <strong>the</strong> chiefs, unasked, <strong>and</strong> with a sort <strong>of</strong> intuitive politeness, which rendered every thing <strong>the</strong>y did appropriate, instantly steppedforward <strong>and</strong> danced several times round <strong>the</strong> quarter-deck,<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> infinite gratification <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sailors.On returning <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> cabin <strong>to</strong> tea, <strong>the</strong>y were all in highspirits, <strong>and</strong> while amusing <strong>the</strong>mselves with a sort <strong>of</strong> wrestling game, Ookooma, who had seen us placing ourselves insparring attitudes, threw himself suddenly in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> boxer'sposition <strong>of</strong> defence, assuming at <strong>the</strong> same time a fierceness<strong>of</strong> look which we had never before seen in any <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m.The gentleman <strong>to</strong> whom he addressed himself, thinking thatOokooma wished <strong>to</strong> spar, prepared <strong>to</strong> indulge him; butMadera's quick eye saw what was going on, <strong>and</strong> by a wordor two made him instantly resume his wonted sedateness.We tried in vain <strong>to</strong> make Madera explain what were<strong>the</strong> magical words which he had used <strong>to</strong> Ookooma. Heappeared anxious <strong>to</strong> turn our thoughts from <strong>the</strong> subject, byGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 169saying, " Loo-choo man no fight; Loo-choo man write—no fight, no good, no, no. Ingerish very good, yes, yes,yes; Loo-choo man no fight." Possibly he consideredthat Ookooma was taking <strong>to</strong>o great a liberty; or, perhaps,he thought even <strong>the</strong> semblance <strong>of</strong> fighting unsuitable with<strong>the</strong> strict amity subsisting between us.Before <strong>the</strong>y went away, Captain Maxwell, who had remarked <strong>the</strong> satisfaction with which <strong>the</strong> chiefs received anyattention shewn <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir children, ordered a large cake <strong>to</strong> bebrought him, which he divided in<strong>to</strong> portions for <strong>the</strong> family<strong>of</strong> each. The chiefs were in a proper mood <strong>to</strong> feel this kindness, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>y expressed <strong>the</strong>mselves, as may be supposed,very warmly upon <strong>the</strong> occasion. When <strong>the</strong>y put <strong>of</strong>f for <strong>the</strong>shore <strong>the</strong>y began singing, <strong>and</strong> never left <strong>of</strong>f" till <strong>the</strong>y l<strong>and</strong>ed.20th <strong>of</strong> Oc<strong>to</strong>ber.—The forenoon was passed at <strong>the</strong>Observa<strong>to</strong>ry, <strong>and</strong> afterwards we Avalked in <strong>the</strong> countrywithout being observed, for <strong>the</strong> chiefs had not yet recoveredfrom <strong>the</strong> effects <strong>of</strong> last night's gaiety: but we had not gonea mile before Jeeroo over<strong>to</strong>ok us. We were very anxious<strong>to</strong> gain <strong>the</strong> brow <strong>of</strong> a neighbouring hill, from which weimagined <strong>the</strong>re would be a good view <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> palace; butalthough Jeeroo was <strong>the</strong> most obliging creature in <strong>the</strong>world on every o<strong>the</strong>r occasion, he was resolute now in notletting us go far beyond our usual limits; we tried <strong>to</strong> over-
170 VOYAGE TO THErule his objections by telling him that we should do no mischief, <strong>and</strong> would not go far<strong>the</strong>r than <strong>the</strong> adjoining height.He would listen, however, <strong>to</strong> nothing; <strong>and</strong> as we still walkedslowly on, he at last sent <strong>of</strong>f a messenger for assistance, butbefore this reinforcement arrived we had turned back, <strong>to</strong>Jeeroo's great relief. Although <strong>the</strong> object proposed hadnot been accomplished, we got a better sight <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> palacethan we had yet obtained. It is so much enclosed by treesthat parts only can be seen, but it is undoubtedly a verylarge building. On returning we met Hackeebo6coo, <strong>the</strong> fatchief, coming puffing <strong>and</strong> blowing up <strong>the</strong> hill; he had se<strong>to</strong>ut <strong>to</strong> overtake us on being <strong>to</strong>ld by Jeeroo's messenger whatwe were proposing <strong>to</strong> do. He had drank a good deal <strong>of</strong>wine yesterday on board, <strong>and</strong> said he had been " weetee"(drunk), <strong>and</strong> that his head ached very much. After hejoined us we passed near a village, where we met two womenat <strong>the</strong> turning <strong>of</strong> a road: <strong>the</strong>y did not see us till within afew yards, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir alarm was great; <strong>the</strong>y threw down <strong>the</strong>baskets, which <strong>the</strong>y Avere carrying on <strong>the</strong>ir heads, <strong>and</strong> fledin<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> wood. Our two companions were very uneasy atthis rencontre, <strong>and</strong> would not listen <strong>to</strong> our reasoning upon<strong>the</strong> absurdity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir apprehensions, looking quite miserabletill <strong>the</strong> subject, which seems <strong>to</strong> be an interdicted one, waschanged. We went afterwards <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> high ground behindGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 171<strong>the</strong> hospital, in order <strong>to</strong> fill up by eye <strong>the</strong> edges <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>reefs in our charts, for which regular triangles could notbe taken in <strong>the</strong> survey. While I was thus engaged, Mr.Clifford endeavoured <strong>to</strong> learn from Jeeroo whe<strong>the</strong>r or not<strong>the</strong> King lived in <strong>the</strong> large house spoken <strong>of</strong> before; Jeerooas usual denied any knowledge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> King, <strong>and</strong> could notbe prevailed upon <strong>to</strong> say what <strong>the</strong> house was, or who resided <strong>the</strong>re; a peasant, however, who happened <strong>to</strong> be alongwith us was more communicative, <strong>and</strong> was giving all <strong>the</strong>information desired, when Jeeroo, observing what he wasabout, reprim<strong>and</strong>ed him sharply. On coming down from<strong>the</strong> height we found all <strong>the</strong> chiefs seated in a long roomerected on <strong>the</strong> outside <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> garden gate: <strong>the</strong>y were verymerry on <strong>the</strong> subject <strong>of</strong> last night's adventure.21st <strong>of</strong> Oc<strong>to</strong>ber.—While Mrs. Loy was employed at <strong>the</strong>well <strong>to</strong>-day washing clo<strong>the</strong>s, at a moment when every bodyelse was out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> way, she was visited by a Loo-choo lady,accompanied by a numerous guard <strong>of</strong> men. She describesher as being about eighteen years <strong>of</strong> age, well dressed, fairin complexion, with small dark eyes, <strong>and</strong> not Avithoutbeauty; her hair was <strong>of</strong> a glossy jet black, made up in<strong>to</strong> aknot on one side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> head. She wore a girdle tied at <strong>the</strong>side, <strong>and</strong> had on s<strong>and</strong>als like <strong>the</strong> men. Mrs. Loy wished<strong>to</strong> <strong>to</strong>uch her, but she shrunk back in alarm. Whe<strong>the</strong>rf-l8t
-->•172 VOYAGE TO THE<strong>the</strong>se details be quite correct or not, <strong>the</strong> circumstance <strong>of</strong> alady <strong>of</strong> rank having visited Mrs. Loy is so far interesting asit denotes a considerable degree <strong>of</strong> curiosity on <strong>the</strong> lady'spart, <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r with <strong>the</strong> power <strong>of</strong> gratifying it, which, in acountry where <strong>the</strong> women are strictly secluded, perhapswould not be allowed.22d <strong>of</strong> Oc<strong>to</strong>ber.—Ookooma <strong>and</strong> Jeeroo came <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>Observa<strong>to</strong>ry <strong>to</strong>-day, <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r with a number <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mostrespectable <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> natives; <strong>the</strong>y were desirous <strong>of</strong> seeing <strong>the</strong>reflected images <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sun in <strong>the</strong> artificial horizon through<strong>the</strong> telescope <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sextant. As this was placed on a st<strong>and</strong><strong>the</strong>re was no difficulty in satisfying <strong>the</strong>ir curiosity, for <strong>the</strong>yhad only <strong>to</strong> place <strong>the</strong>ir eye <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> tube, <strong>the</strong> angle havingbeen previously arranged. Many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m were amused by<strong>the</strong> changes <strong>of</strong> colour in <strong>the</strong> reflected images by means <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> different shades; o<strong>the</strong>rs were more struck with <strong>the</strong> apparent motion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> two suns, which is very perceptiblewhen a high magnifying power is used; a few endeavoured<strong>to</strong> underst<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> meaning <strong>of</strong> what <strong>the</strong>y saw, but with <strong>the</strong>exception <strong>of</strong> Jeeroo, I think <strong>the</strong>y had no conception <strong>of</strong> itscause. Jeeroo appeared <strong>to</strong> have some notion <strong>of</strong> astronomy;his idea <strong>of</strong> eclipses was more accurate than could have beenexpected. From him Mr. Clifford got <strong>the</strong> names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>days <strong>and</strong> months, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> various points <strong>of</strong> informationGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 17Srespecting Time, which will be found in <strong>the</strong> Vocabulary.Whenever we were actually taking observations, <strong>the</strong> nativesinvariably remained at a considerable distance. They hadbeen <strong>to</strong>ld that <strong>the</strong> least motion disturbed <strong>the</strong> surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>quicksilver, <strong>and</strong> prevented our taking observations. Theyhad much patience, <strong>and</strong> sometimes sat quite still <strong>and</strong> silentfor several hours, till invited <strong>to</strong> come forward <strong>to</strong> look at<strong>the</strong> instruments. When Ookooma <strong>and</strong> Jeeroo came <strong>to</strong>us, we observed that <strong>the</strong>y were in great distress, <strong>and</strong> uponour asking <strong>the</strong> cause, <strong>the</strong> former explained that CaptainMaxwell during his ride this morning had fallen down, orra<strong>the</strong>r that his horse, which was <strong>to</strong>o weak for his weight,had fallen with him, <strong>and</strong> that his finger was broken: " Tayinma tawrittee, Tayin no eebee ootee" (<strong>the</strong> Tayin's horse fell,Tayin's finger broke). A Loo-choo doc<strong>to</strong>r, he said, hadgone on board, who would soon cure it.On going <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Alceste we found that <strong>the</strong> Loo-choosurgeon had placed Captain Maxwell's broken finger in athick paste made <strong>of</strong> eggs, flour, <strong>and</strong> some o<strong>the</strong>r substancewhich he brought along with him. He <strong>the</strong>n wrapped <strong>the</strong>whole in <strong>the</strong> skin <strong>of</strong> a newly-killed fowl. This skin dried ina short time <strong>and</strong> held <strong>the</strong> paste firm, by which <strong>the</strong> brokenfinger was kept steady. The doc<strong>to</strong>r went through a number
174 VOYAGE TO THE<strong>of</strong> ceremonies, such as feeling <strong>the</strong> pulse, looking at <strong>the</strong><strong>to</strong>ngue, <strong>and</strong> so on. He had a box along with him, containing upwards <strong>of</strong> a hundred medicines.Captain Maxwell mentioned, that while he was sittingin a shed after <strong>the</strong> accident, he was surprised <strong>to</strong> see aperson enter <strong>the</strong> door crawling on all fours, <strong>and</strong> half deadwith terror. This it appeared was <strong>the</strong> surgeon, who hadbeen sent for by <strong>the</strong> chiefs. He was horror-struck at <strong>the</strong>accident, but soon recovered himself on observing CaptainMaxwelFs perfect tranquillity.Captain Maxwell's gentleness <strong>and</strong> forbearance, <strong>and</strong> hisuniform attention <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> wishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> natives, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> greatpersonal kindness which, he had shewn <strong>to</strong> so many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m,had very early won <strong>the</strong>ir confidence <strong>and</strong> esteem. As ourintercourse became more intimate, <strong>the</strong>se feelings naturallybecame stronger, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> concern which <strong>the</strong> natives feltupon this occasion was very general, <strong>and</strong> was expressed, no<strong>to</strong>nly by Madera <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> chiefs, but by <strong>the</strong> lower orders,*in a manner highly flattering <strong>to</strong> Captain Maxwell.23d <strong>of</strong> Oc<strong>to</strong>ber.—A deputation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chiefs went onboard <strong>the</strong> Alceste early this morning <strong>to</strong> say, that <strong>the</strong> Prince<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>, who was <strong>the</strong> next person in rank <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> King,<strong>and</strong> heir <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> throne, meant <strong>to</strong> come on board <strong>the</strong> frigateGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 176this afternoon, as well for <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> paying a visit<strong>of</strong> ceremony, as <strong>of</strong> enquiring in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> state <strong>of</strong> CaptainMaxwell's health after <strong>the</strong> accident.At noon <strong>the</strong> four senior chiefs, dressed in <strong>the</strong>ir state robes<strong>and</strong> hatchee-matchees, came <strong>to</strong> announce <strong>the</strong> Prince's approach, <strong>and</strong> in about half an hour afterwards he wasbrought in a closed sedan-chair <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> boat, through a concourse <strong>of</strong> people, <strong>to</strong> whom he seemed as much a show as <strong>to</strong>us. The state boat was a large flat-bot<strong>to</strong>med barge, covered with an awning <strong>of</strong> dark blue, with white stars on it,<strong>the</strong> whole having much <strong>the</strong> appearance <strong>of</strong> a hearse. It waspreceded by two boats bearing flags with an inscriptionupon <strong>the</strong>m, having in <strong>the</strong> bow an <strong>of</strong>ficer <strong>of</strong> justice carryinga lackered bamboo, <strong>and</strong> in <strong>the</strong> stern a man beating a gong.A vast number <strong>of</strong> boats were in attendance, some bearingpresents, <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs following out <strong>of</strong> mere curiosity. One<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Chiefs came on board with <strong>the</strong> Prince's card, whichwas <strong>of</strong> red paper forty-eight inches long, <strong>and</strong> eleven wide*,<strong>and</strong> shortly afterwards <strong>the</strong> Prince's barge put <strong>of</strong>f from <strong>the</strong>shore; upon which <strong>the</strong> rigging <strong>of</strong> both ships was manned,* The literal translation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> card is " Loo-choo nation, extender <strong>of</strong> lawssGreat Person (called Ko), Heang, bows his head <strong>and</strong> worships," (<strong>the</strong> commonvisiting expression among <strong>the</strong> Chinese.) It ought <strong>to</strong> be remarked, that <strong>the</strong>Prince's name is placed on one comer <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> card, which is <strong>the</strong> most respectfulmode that can be used, according <strong>to</strong> Chinese usage.
176 VOYAGE TO THE<strong>and</strong> a salute <strong>of</strong> seven guns fired; when he came on boardhe was received with a guard, <strong>and</strong> under a like salute.Captain Maxwell, who had been confined <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> cabin eversince his accident, desired me <strong>to</strong> receive <strong>the</strong> Prince. Noarrangement having been made with us respecting <strong>the</strong> ceremony <strong>of</strong> reception, I merely <strong>to</strong>ok <strong>of</strong>f my hat <strong>and</strong> bowed:but all <strong>the</strong> chiefs fell on <strong>the</strong>ir knees <strong>the</strong> instant he came on<strong>the</strong> quarter-deck. I <strong>to</strong>ok his h<strong>and</strong> from one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chiefswho had assisted him up <strong>the</strong> accommodation ladder, <strong>and</strong>led him <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> cabin.When seated beside Captain Maxwell, <strong>the</strong> Prince madeseveral anxious enquiries about his finger, expressing muchregret that so disagreeable an accident should have occurredat Loo-choo. He <strong>the</strong>n called <strong>to</strong> his pipe-bearer, <strong>and</strong> havingprepared a pipe, presented it <strong>to</strong> Captain Maxwell, who returned him this compliment, by giving him one <strong>of</strong> his own.The usual questions as <strong>to</strong> our ages <strong>and</strong> families, <strong>and</strong> variouscomplimentary speeches, having passed, he said he hadheard much <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> wonders <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ship, <strong>and</strong> should like <strong>to</strong>see <strong>the</strong>m himself: he rose upon this <strong>and</strong> went <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> globes,which he examined with great care. He begged <strong>to</strong> be shewnIngeree, Loo-choo, Quan<strong>to</strong>ong (China); Niphon (Japan);Manilla, <strong>and</strong> Pekin. The chiefs would not sit down in hispresence, <strong>and</strong> never spoke <strong>to</strong> him without kneeling. On hisTHE Fm.ii ire IEfsj-f, fa-John Mttr7~q.y,j4li>emarle Street, L?ru&?n.
GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 177expressing a wish <strong>to</strong> look at <strong>the</strong> different parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ship,he was conducted all round <strong>the</strong> decks. He observed everything with attention, but without betraying any great degree<strong>of</strong> curiosity: he had heard <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> boatswain's wife, <strong>and</strong>asked <strong>to</strong> see her; <strong>the</strong> lady, in her best dress, was presented<strong>to</strong> him; he s<strong>to</strong>od for about half a minute looking at her.with a sort <strong>of</strong> pleased surprise, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n, as if suddenly recollecting that this was somewhat rude, he drew his fan fromhis breast, <strong>and</strong> with an air <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> utmost politeness, heldit <strong>to</strong>wards her, <strong>and</strong> upon Mrs. Loy curtsying in acknoAvledgment,he sent it <strong>to</strong> her by M&dera. He asked <strong>to</strong> see<strong>the</strong> fire-engine worked, <strong>and</strong> appeared much gratified byseeing <strong>the</strong> water thrown <strong>to</strong> so great a height. He had heard<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> African negro, <strong>and</strong> begged that he might be sent for.When <strong>the</strong> black man was brought before him he lookedexceedingly surprised, <strong>and</strong> probably was in doubt whe<strong>the</strong>r<strong>the</strong> colour was natural, as one <strong>of</strong> his people was sent <strong>to</strong> rubhis face, as if <strong>to</strong> discover whe<strong>the</strong>r it was painted or not. Thenatives, who had flocked on board in crowds, fell on <strong>the</strong>irknees whenever <strong>the</strong> Prince passed.On returning <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> cabin, <strong>the</strong> Prince was invited <strong>to</strong>a collation prepared for him in <strong>the</strong> foremost cabin:for a-long time he refused <strong>to</strong> sit down, nor could we conjecture what his objection was; at length, however, heA A
178 VOYAGE TO THEGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 179complied, while <strong>the</strong> chiefs, who are nei<strong>the</strong>r allowed <strong>to</strong> sitdown nor eat in his presence, retired <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> after-cabin.He tasted every thing which was <strong>of</strong>fered him, but seemedafraid <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> wines, having probably heard <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> proceedings on <strong>the</strong> evening <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 19th. In about half an hour herose <strong>and</strong> went <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> after-cabin; <strong>the</strong> chiefs <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> people<strong>of</strong> his suite, <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> fifteen, <strong>the</strong>n sat down at <strong>the</strong>table he had left, <strong>and</strong> made ample amends for <strong>the</strong> temperance <strong>and</strong> moderation <strong>of</strong> his royal highness.As soon as <strong>the</strong>y rejoined <strong>the</strong> party in <strong>the</strong> after-cabin,business was entered upon by Captain Maxwell's returningthanks, in <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> English government, for <strong>the</strong>liberal way in which we had been supplied with every kind<strong>of</strong> refreshment, <strong>and</strong> for <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r assistance which had beengiven <strong>to</strong> us. The Prince replied, that <strong>the</strong> King <strong>of</strong> Loo-choowas anxious <strong>to</strong> do every thing in his power for <strong>the</strong> King <strong>of</strong>Engl<strong>and</strong>'s ships. Upon this Captain Maxwell observed,that he was very desirous <strong>of</strong> seeing his majesty, for <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> expressing in person his gratitude for <strong>the</strong> kindnesswe had received in this country. The Prince answered,that it was contrary <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> laws <strong>and</strong> cus<strong>to</strong>ms <strong>of</strong> Loo-choo,for. any foreigner <strong>to</strong> see <strong>the</strong> king, unless sent by his ownsovereign, <strong>and</strong> charged with complimentary presents.Coming from such high authority, this assurance was con-elusive, <strong>and</strong> as nothing fur<strong>the</strong>r could now be said on <strong>the</strong>subject, <strong>the</strong> hope <strong>of</strong> opening a communication with thiscourt, which had been so anxiously desired, seemed nowdestroyed.The Prince, however, unexpectedly resumed<strong>the</strong> subject, by saying that a letter would be written <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>King <strong>of</strong> Engl<strong>and</strong>, if Captain Maxwell would undertake <strong>to</strong>deliver it; his answer was, that nothing could give himmore satisfaction than being made <strong>the</strong> bearer <strong>of</strong> such acommunication: that he had earnestly desired <strong>the</strong> honour<strong>of</strong> paying his respects <strong>to</strong> his majesty, but from <strong>the</strong> momentthat he had heard that it was contrary <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> cus<strong>to</strong>ms <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>country, he had ceased <strong>to</strong> think <strong>of</strong> it. As soon as it wasinterpreted that Captain Maxwell was willing <strong>to</strong> carry <strong>the</strong>letter alluded <strong>to</strong>, <strong>and</strong> that he no longer urged his desire <strong>to</strong>see <strong>the</strong> King, <strong>the</strong> Prince rose <strong>and</strong> pressed Captain Maxwell's h<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> mine between his, while all <strong>the</strong> chiefs fell on<strong>the</strong>ir knees in a circle round us, shewing by <strong>the</strong> expression<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir countenances, how great <strong>the</strong> anxiety had been fromwhich <strong>the</strong>y were relieved by Captain Maxwell's readyacquiescence with <strong>the</strong>ir wishes: <strong>the</strong> Prince in particular,who had hi<strong>the</strong>r<strong>to</strong> looked full <strong>of</strong> anxiety, became all cheerfulness, <strong>and</strong> his manner assumed a <strong>to</strong>tally different character.The inference from this curious scene is, that <strong>the</strong> real•*••
II180 VOYAGE TO THEobject <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Prince's visit was <strong>to</strong> dissuade Captain Maxwell from urging his request <strong>to</strong> be allowed an interview with<strong>the</strong> King; <strong>and</strong> we conjectured that <strong>the</strong> circumstance <strong>of</strong> hisaccident was taken advantage <strong>of</strong> <strong>to</strong> pay a visit <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>Alceste, where <strong>the</strong>y naturally thought that <strong>the</strong> remonstrances<strong>of</strong> a man <strong>of</strong> such high rank as <strong>the</strong> Heir Apparent <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>throne, would carry more weight than any which had yetbeen tried.When <strong>the</strong> Prince again alluded <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> letter, it appearedthat it was <strong>to</strong> be written by <strong>the</strong> minister, <strong>and</strong> not by <strong>the</strong>King. This altered <strong>the</strong> case materially, <strong>and</strong> Captain Maxwell most respectfully informed <strong>the</strong> Prince, that such aletter as he described could not be received, as it would bean indignity <strong>to</strong> our sovereign <strong>to</strong> <strong>of</strong>fer his majesty a letterwritten by ano<strong>the</strong>r king's minister. The Prince at onceseemed sensible <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> propriety <strong>of</strong> what Captain Maxwellhad said, <strong>and</strong> calling <strong>the</strong> chiefs round him, entered in<strong>to</strong> along discussion with <strong>the</strong>m: at <strong>the</strong> close <strong>of</strong> which, he declaredhimself incompetent <strong>to</strong> decide upon so important an occasion, but said that he would consult with <strong>the</strong> King, whosepleasure would be communicated in a few days. CaptainMaxwell expressed his willingness <strong>to</strong> abide by his majesty'sdecision as far as was consistent with <strong>the</strong> respect due <strong>to</strong> hisown sovereign. The Prince seemed entirely satisfied withGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 181this answer, <strong>and</strong> said something <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> chiefs, upon which<strong>the</strong>y again fell on <strong>the</strong>ir knees before Captain Maxwell, notwithst<strong>and</strong>ing all his efforts <strong>to</strong> prevent <strong>the</strong>m. Nothing more<strong>of</strong> any consequence passed.In <strong>the</strong> early part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> interview <strong>the</strong> present wasbrought in, or at least such parts <strong>of</strong> it as were capable <strong>of</strong>being thus displayed. The whole consisted <strong>of</strong> two bullocks,three hogs, three goats, <strong>and</strong> a quantity <strong>of</strong> vegetables <strong>and</strong>fruit; besides fifteen webs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cloth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>, thirtyfans, <strong>and</strong> twelve pipes. The Prince said he had sent apresent <strong>to</strong> me, which I found <strong>to</strong> consist <strong>of</strong> half <strong>the</strong> abovementioned things. He shortly afterwards rose <strong>to</strong> takeleave. The rigging was manned on his going away, <strong>and</strong>similar honours were paid him as were shewn when he cameon board.The Prince <strong>of</strong> Loo-choo, whose name is Shang PungFwee, <strong>and</strong> title Pochin Tay Foo, belongs <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> highest<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nine orders <strong>of</strong> chiefs on <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s, <strong>the</strong> distinction <strong>of</strong>which rank is a hatchee-matchee <strong>of</strong> a pink ground, withperpendicular rows <strong>of</strong> black, yellow, blue, white, <strong>and</strong> greenspots. He was clo<strong>the</strong>d in a robe <strong>of</strong> light blue silk, linedwith silk a shade lighter, over which he wore a girdle richlyembossed with flowers <strong>of</strong> gold <strong>and</strong> different coloured silks:in o<strong>the</strong>r respects his dress was like that <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chiefs. HeIft
182 VOYAGE TO THEGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 183Ihris about fifty years old, his beard is full <strong>and</strong> white, <strong>and</strong> hisfigure well proportioned. In manners he is genteel <strong>and</strong>sedate, but occasionally a little awkward, which his retiredhabits sufficiently <strong>account</strong> for. Towards <strong>the</strong> close <strong>of</strong> hisvisit, when his reserve had in some degree worn <strong>of</strong>f, weobserved him smile for an instant, now <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n, with ashrewd expression in his eyes, as if he was observing whatwas passing more narrowly than we at first suspected. Itwas thought, <strong>to</strong>o, that in making inquiries about differentthings on board, he shewed more discrimination than most<strong>of</strong> those who had preceded him; but on <strong>the</strong> whole, <strong>the</strong>rewas nothing very interesting in him besides his rank. Whilehe was looking over <strong>the</strong> books <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r things in <strong>the</strong> cabin,a picture <strong>of</strong> his majesty King George <strong>the</strong> Third was shewn<strong>to</strong> him. As <strong>the</strong> interpreter was not present, we could notimmediately explain who it was intended <strong>to</strong> represent, till i<strong>to</strong>ccurred <strong>to</strong> us <strong>to</strong> join our h<strong>and</strong>s <strong>and</strong> bow <strong>to</strong> it in <strong>the</strong> Loochoomanner: <strong>the</strong> Prince instantly saw what was meant,<strong>and</strong> turning <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> picture, made a low <strong>and</strong> respectfulobeisance.His suite consisted <strong>of</strong> several chiefs whom we had not seenbefore, <strong>and</strong> six or seven personal attendants, two <strong>of</strong> whoms<strong>to</strong>od behind <strong>to</strong> fan him <strong>and</strong> light his pipe. It is curiousthat <strong>the</strong>se men, who from <strong>the</strong>ir dress <strong>and</strong> manner wereicertainly servants, derived a sort <strong>of</strong> rank from being about<strong>the</strong> Prince's person ; for when <strong>the</strong> chiefs sat down <strong>to</strong> tableafter he had left it, <strong>the</strong>y all s<strong>to</strong>od by as if expecting <strong>to</strong> beinvited <strong>to</strong> sit down also; but Mr. Clifford, <strong>to</strong> whom CaptainMaxwell had given <strong>the</strong> party in charge, having observedhow particular <strong>the</strong>y were with respect <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> distinctions <strong>of</strong>rank, did not think <strong>of</strong> asking <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong> be seated, till Jeemarequested him <strong>to</strong> do so; still suspecting some mistake, heapplied <strong>to</strong> Madera, who said it was perfectly correct, <strong>and</strong><strong>the</strong>y were accordingly asked <strong>to</strong> sit down with <strong>the</strong> rest.We had never been able <strong>to</strong>pbtain from <strong>the</strong> natives any clear<strong>account</strong> <strong>of</strong> former visi<strong>to</strong>rs, <strong>and</strong> as <strong>the</strong> Prince was thought alikely person <strong>to</strong> be in possession <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> desired information,questions were asked him upon this subject. He said thata vessel had been here about twenty years ago, <strong>and</strong> that shewent away immediately without holding any communicationwith <strong>the</strong> court. This must have been <strong>the</strong> schooner in whichCaptain Brough<strong>to</strong>n visited Napakiang in July, 1797, afterhe had been wrecked in his majesty's ship Providence, on<strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> Typinsan*. He said that he knew <strong>of</strong> no o<strong>the</strong>r* See Brough<strong>to</strong>n's Voyage, Book II. Chap. %. for a very interesting <strong>account</strong><strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> natives <strong>of</strong> Typinsan, who appear <strong>to</strong> resemble <strong>the</strong> people <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> GreatLoo-choo Isl<strong>and</strong>. In Book II. Chap. 3. Captain Brough<strong>to</strong>n gives an <strong>account</strong><strong>of</strong> his visit <strong>to</strong> Napachan. He was received by <strong>the</strong> inhabitants with great kindness ; <strong>the</strong>y supplied his wants, but objected <strong>to</strong> his l<strong>and</strong>ing, <strong>and</strong> sent back <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>schooner some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers who had been sent on shore <strong>to</strong> examine <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>wn.We found Captain Brough<strong>to</strong>n's <strong>account</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> people quite accurate.
184 VOYAGE TO THEstranger who had visited Loo-choo. On being interrogatedas <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> knowledge <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r countries, he declared that<strong>the</strong>y knew nothing <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> English or French, or any nationindeed but <strong>the</strong> Chinese, Corean, <strong>and</strong> Japanese. Somethingwas said about Manilla, <strong>and</strong> from its not being very remote,it is possible that some communication may have existedbetween that place <strong>and</strong> Loo-choo. Their <strong>account</strong>s, however, were vague <strong>and</strong> unsatisfac<strong>to</strong>ry, <strong>and</strong> it is not impossiblethat we ourselves may have first suggested <strong>the</strong> name, <strong>and</strong>afterwards ascribed <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> it <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>m*.Nothing, however, that occurred <strong>to</strong>-day, attracted morenotice than Madera's assumption <strong>of</strong> his long concealedrank. He came for <strong>the</strong> first time dressed in <strong>the</strong> robes <strong>and</strong>hatchee-matchee <strong>of</strong> a chief, <strong>and</strong> not only <strong>to</strong>ok precedence<strong>of</strong> all our old friends, but during <strong>the</strong> discussion in <strong>the</strong> cabinwith <strong>the</strong> Prince, maintained a decided superiority over<strong>the</strong>m all. While all <strong>the</strong> rest were embarrassed in <strong>the</strong>Prince's presence, <strong>and</strong> crouching on <strong>the</strong>ir knees every time<strong>the</strong>y spoke, Madera, though always respectful, was quite athis ease; <strong>and</strong> we could not help fancying that he addressed<strong>the</strong> Prince as if accus<strong>to</strong>med <strong>to</strong> his society. It was no lessremarkable, that <strong>the</strong> Prince referred much <strong>of</strong>tener <strong>to</strong> himthan <strong>to</strong> any <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rest, <strong>and</strong> listened <strong>to</strong> what he said with* At Manilla we found that <strong>the</strong> Great Loo-choo Isl<strong>and</strong> was known only byname. There appeared <strong>to</strong> be no intercourse between <strong>the</strong> two places.GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 185greater attention. Whe<strong>the</strong>r Madera owed such distinction<strong>to</strong> his actual rank, which may have placed him about <strong>the</strong>court, or <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> ascendancy <strong>of</strong> his talents, or <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> accidental circumstance <strong>of</strong> his having had better opportunities<strong>of</strong> knowing us than any o<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> natives, we couldnever discover. He admitted, when interrogated, that he had<strong>of</strong>ten seen <strong>the</strong> Prince before, while <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r chiefs confessed<strong>the</strong>ir ignorance even <strong>of</strong> his person, before <strong>to</strong>-day.As soon as <strong>the</strong> Prince was placed in his chair <strong>and</strong> carried away, Madera came on board, <strong>and</strong> entered with greatgood humour in<strong>to</strong> all <strong>the</strong> jokes which were made upon hisnew character. He declined telling why he had kept hisrank so long out <strong>of</strong> sight, but it was sufficiently obvious thathis main object was <strong>to</strong> establish an intimacy with all <strong>the</strong>different classes on board <strong>the</strong> ships, <strong>and</strong> in this he completely succeeded; for he had gradually advanced in hisacquaintance, first with <strong>the</strong> sailors, <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> midshipmen,next with <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers, <strong>and</strong> last <strong>of</strong> all with <strong>the</strong> captains. Bythis means he gained <strong>the</strong> confidence <strong>and</strong> good will <strong>of</strong> eachclass as he went along; <strong>and</strong> by rising in consequence everyday, instead <strong>of</strong> putting forward all his claims at once, acquired not only substantial importance with us, but gaineda much more intimate knowledge <strong>of</strong> our character <strong>and</strong>cus<strong>to</strong>ms than he could have hoped <strong>to</strong> do in any o<strong>the</strong>r way.B BI!
186 VOYAGE TO THE24th <strong>of</strong> Oc<strong>to</strong>ber.—Mr. Clifford went along with me <strong>to</strong>day for <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> sketching <strong>the</strong> bridge, which, thoughnot above three hundred yards from <strong>the</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing place, <strong>the</strong>chiefs have always objected <strong>to</strong> our examining. We <strong>to</strong>okJeeroo with us without telling him our object, which he nosooner discovered than he became quite alarmed, <strong>and</strong> sent<strong>of</strong>f for Madera, who came <strong>to</strong> us immediately, <strong>and</strong> uponlearning that nothing fur<strong>the</strong>r was proposed than a mereexamination <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bridge, he said that we might go on;having first made us promise solemnly not <strong>to</strong> go any fur<strong>the</strong>r.While Madera was binding us clown in this way, I expressedsome little impatience at his doubting our simple declaration<strong>of</strong> nothing more being intended than what we avowed; buthis duty I suppose was imperative, <strong>and</strong> he would not leaveus till <strong>the</strong> matter was arranged in his, own way. As soonas he was satisfied on this point he said something <strong>to</strong> Jeeroo<strong>and</strong> left us; but turning back again, he came up <strong>to</strong> Mr.Clifford, <strong>and</strong> whispered, " captain no sulky ?" meaning, wesupposed, <strong>to</strong> express his apprehension that I had been angryat <strong>the</strong> stipulations so positively required by him. Mr. Clifford, having assured him that I was not sulky with him,detained him <strong>to</strong> ask him what it was he feared ? what he hadseen in us <strong>to</strong> excite such dread <strong>of</strong> our going near <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>wn ?He replied, " Loochoo woman see Ingeree man, LoochooGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND.woman cry \" He <strong>the</strong>n returned; <strong>and</strong> Jeeroo, who remainedin a boat close <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> bridge while I was employed measuring it <strong>and</strong> drawing it s<strong>to</strong>ne by s<strong>to</strong>ne, was greatly interested by Mr. Clifford's <strong>account</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> great age <strong>of</strong> ourvenerable Sovereign, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> his family, whichexcited his as<strong>to</strong>nishment <strong>and</strong> admiration. He conversedfreely while <strong>the</strong> subject was <strong>the</strong> King <strong>of</strong> Engl<strong>and</strong>, but <strong>the</strong>moment <strong>the</strong> slightest turn in <strong>the</strong> discourse was made <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> King <strong>of</strong> Loo-choo he drew up, <strong>and</strong> became impenetrable. " He did not know," he said, " how old he was,nor how many children he had ;" in short he seemed scarcely<strong>to</strong> admit that he had ever heard any thing about him.Erom M4dera, however, who had no concealments, welearnt afterwards that <strong>the</strong> King has only one wife, but hastwelve concubines; he is an old man, <strong>and</strong> has seven children. It is curious that none <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chiefs will inform Captain Maxwell whe<strong>the</strong>r or not <strong>the</strong> Prince who visited <strong>the</strong>ships yesterday has any children ; it is hardly possible that<strong>the</strong>y can be ignorant <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fact; but ei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong>y are keptstrangely in <strong>the</strong> dark as <strong>to</strong> what passes in <strong>the</strong> palace, or<strong>the</strong>y carry <strong>the</strong>ir reserve on royal <strong>to</strong>pics <strong>to</strong> a singular length.From <strong>the</strong> bridge we went <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hill above<strong>the</strong> well, where Jeeroo sung several songs. On <strong>the</strong> way upwe s<strong>to</strong>pped at one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> large horse-shoe <strong>to</strong>mbs mentioned
AfVOYAGE TO THEbefore, which resembles in all respects <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>mbs <strong>of</strong> China.On this similarity being pointed out <strong>to</strong> Jeeroo, he becameanxious <strong>to</strong> explain that it was a Loo-choo <strong>to</strong>mb, <strong>and</strong> notexclusively Chinese; meaning probably that Loo-choo persons were contained in it. He informed us that <strong>the</strong>se <strong>to</strong>mbsdid not contain a single person only, or a single generation,but were used as cemeteries from age <strong>to</strong> age. The bodies,according <strong>to</strong> his <strong>account</strong>, are put in<strong>to</strong> c<strong>of</strong>fins, <strong>and</strong> allowed<strong>to</strong> lie un<strong>to</strong>uched for seven years, by which time <strong>the</strong> flesh isentirely decayed; <strong>the</strong> bones are <strong>the</strong>n collected, <strong>and</strong> beingput in<strong>to</strong> cases are preserved by <strong>the</strong> families <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> deceased,with great care.. 25th <strong>of</strong> Oc<strong>to</strong>ber.—This being <strong>the</strong> anniversary <strong>of</strong> HisMajesty's accession <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> throne, <strong>the</strong> ships were dressed incolours, <strong>and</strong> a royal salute fired. Upon <strong>the</strong> natives thisproduced a great effect; <strong>the</strong>y had never seen any o<strong>the</strong>rflags than <strong>the</strong> single ensigns hoisted on Sundays, <strong>and</strong> thisdisplay <strong>of</strong> several hundred flags was well calculated <strong>to</strong> surprise <strong>and</strong> delight <strong>the</strong>m. They were informed some daysbefore that <strong>the</strong>re would be some ceremonies in honour <strong>of</strong>our King, <strong>and</strong> great numbers <strong>of</strong> people had assembled on<strong>the</strong> shore in consequence. This morning had also been fixedupon for returning <strong>the</strong> Prince's visit; accordingly we left <strong>the</strong>Alceste at one o'clock, forming a procession <strong>of</strong> four boats.GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 189with flags in each. Captain Maxwell <strong>to</strong>ok twelve <strong>of</strong> his<strong>of</strong>ficers <strong>and</strong> young gentlemen, <strong>and</strong> six accompanied mefrom <strong>the</strong> Lyra, all being dressed in full uniform. Weentered <strong>the</strong> harbour, <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ed at <strong>the</strong> same part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>causeway as before, where <strong>the</strong> chiefs were in attendance, ason <strong>the</strong> occasion <strong>of</strong> our visit on <strong>the</strong> 23d ult.The Prince advanced a few yards on <strong>the</strong> outside <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>gare^<strong>and</strong> having taken Captain Maxwell's h<strong>and</strong>, conductedhim <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> temple, where an ingenious device was adopted<strong>to</strong> preserve <strong>the</strong> etiquette, requiring that none <strong>of</strong> inferiorrank shall sit down in <strong>the</strong> Prince's company. The templewas divided in<strong>to</strong> three rooms by ranges <strong>of</strong> columns, whichwere deemed a sufficient separation; <strong>and</strong>, at <strong>the</strong> same time,no person in <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r rooms could feel himself slighted by<strong>the</strong> exclusion, since <strong>the</strong> division by <strong>the</strong> pillars was merelynominal. The feast was sumptuous, consisting <strong>of</strong> twelveregular courses, besides tea <strong>and</strong> sackee. There were manynew dishes, principally <strong>of</strong> meat, dressed in various ways inlarge bowls. We saw what seemed <strong>to</strong> be wheaten breadfor <strong>the</strong> first time <strong>to</strong>-day. It being necessaiy <strong>to</strong> make somereturn for <strong>the</strong> presents brought on board by <strong>the</strong> Prince twodays ago, Captain Maxwell now gave him several pieces <strong>of</strong>scarlet <strong>and</strong> blue superfine cloth, <strong>and</strong> samples <strong>of</strong> everyspecies <strong>of</strong> cloths, from <strong>the</strong> finest damask <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> coarsest sail
tt190 VOYAGE TO THEcanvas; also a set <strong>of</strong> cut crystal decanters <strong>and</strong> glasses, <strong>and</strong>three dozen <strong>of</strong> wine <strong>of</strong> ten different sorts, with several books,<strong>and</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> smaller articles. It was also stated <strong>to</strong><strong>the</strong> Prince, that a cow <strong>and</strong> calf had been left on shore inorder <strong>to</strong> be <strong>of</strong>fered <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> King as a small mark <strong>of</strong> our sense<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> kindness which we had experienced. The Prince expressed much satisfaction at this gift, as <strong>the</strong> calf had becomea great favourite with <strong>the</strong> natives. My present consisted <strong>of</strong>half <strong>the</strong> quantity <strong>of</strong> wine given by Captain Maxwell, a mirrortaken from a dressing-st<strong>and</strong>, samples <strong>of</strong> English stationary,Gary's map <strong>of</strong> Engl<strong>and</strong>, an atlas, <strong>and</strong> a small brass sextant;which latter present had been suggested by <strong>the</strong> wonderwhich it had invariably excited at <strong>the</strong> observa<strong>to</strong>ry. Mr.John Maxwell, <strong>to</strong> whom <strong>the</strong> Prince had sent a present <strong>of</strong>cloth <strong>and</strong> pipes after he l<strong>and</strong>ed yesterday, gave him a spyglass <strong>and</strong> a map <strong>of</strong> London; <strong>the</strong> map was coloured, <strong>and</strong>round <strong>the</strong> edges were <strong>the</strong> palaces, Greenwich Hospital, <strong>and</strong>o<strong>the</strong>r public buildings, all <strong>of</strong> which he examined with greatattention. After he had looked over most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> things,<strong>and</strong> was satisfied with <strong>the</strong> explanations, he rose <strong>and</strong> saidthat a great deal <strong>to</strong>o much had been given, <strong>to</strong> which it wasreplied, that a great deal <strong>to</strong>o little had been given, <strong>and</strong> that<strong>the</strong>y were not <strong>of</strong>fered as being, in any respect, an equivalentfor <strong>the</strong> supplies sent on board, but merely <strong>to</strong> shew ourGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 191sense <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> kindness <strong>and</strong> attention with which we hadbeen received*. During <strong>the</strong> time that we sat at table <strong>to</strong>-,day, <strong>the</strong> interpreter was hardly ever called in, as Ma-dera <strong>and</strong> Mr. Clifford contrived between <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong> explainevery thing, if not as clearly as could have been wished,yet in a more satisfac<strong>to</strong>ry manner than could have beendone ^through <strong>the</strong> medium <strong>of</strong> John <strong>the</strong> Chinaman, <strong>of</strong> whosefidelity we were nowise certain, <strong>and</strong> whose taste <strong>and</strong> delicacy in conveying our sentiments we had great reason <strong>to</strong>doubt.* LIST OF SUPPLIES RECEIVEDH. M. SHIPS.Bullocks - - ' _Goats -Fowls - ...Fish - . _ ~_Eggs - . .Bags <strong>of</strong> sweet pota<strong>to</strong>es -SquashesJars <strong>of</strong> Samchoo, each containing about fifteengallons _ _Baskets <strong>of</strong> oranges - - _Bundles <strong>of</strong> gingerbread——————Onions - .1——•——Radishes -——•————Celery .——————Garlick - _—•————C<strong>and</strong>les -——————Wood .....Pumpkins -Baskets <strong>of</strong> vermicelli -Boxes <strong>of</strong> sugar - - - _Rolls <strong>of</strong> printed linen - ...Bundles <strong>of</strong> paper -AT LOO-CHOO BYAlceste Lyra.19 823 1015 7*216 102 * Not including29 12extra supplies<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers.920 455*59 27 * Not including34 14dit<strong>to</strong>.6 39 48 316 830 121287 54381660 3072 3173146
I192 VOYAGE TO THEThe Prince, after a time, rose <strong>and</strong> proposed <strong>the</strong> King<strong>of</strong> Engl<strong>and</strong>'s health, which was accordingly drank in acup <strong>of</strong> sackee. In return we gave <strong>the</strong> King <strong>of</strong> Loo-choo.As <strong>the</strong> surgeon had desired Captain Maxwell <strong>to</strong> drink nowine, <strong>the</strong>re was very little drank at <strong>the</strong> Prince's table; butat <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs every art was used <strong>to</strong> circulate <strong>the</strong> sackee pot.Indeed, little persuasion was required, for <strong>the</strong> sackee,though not strong, was very good. Ookooma presided at<strong>the</strong> table occupied by <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers, <strong>and</strong> Jeero at that where<strong>the</strong> midshipmen sat.Ookooma having remarked on board, that whenever <strong>the</strong>King's health was drank, whe<strong>the</strong>r his Majesty <strong>of</strong> Engl<strong>and</strong>,or <strong>of</strong> Loo-choo, <strong>the</strong> cups were always freely emptied, <strong>to</strong>okadvantage <strong>of</strong> this loyalty <strong>of</strong> sentiment, <strong>and</strong> gave " TheKing, <strong>of</strong> Injeree's health" three or four times over, <strong>to</strong> which,<strong>of</strong> course, <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers were obliged <strong>to</strong> reply, by giving" The King <strong>of</strong> Loo-choo" as <strong>of</strong>ten. He carried this ra<strong>the</strong>rfar<strong>the</strong>r than is cus<strong>to</strong>mary with us on similar occasions, forobserving that <strong>the</strong> company were ra<strong>the</strong>r backward in eatinga bowl <strong>of</strong> sweet rice-meal porridge, he s<strong>to</strong>od up with hisbowl in his h<strong>and</strong>, <strong>and</strong> calling out" King <strong>of</strong> Injeree health!"swallowed <strong>the</strong> whole <strong>of</strong> it, <strong>and</strong> invited <strong>the</strong> rest <strong>to</strong> follow hisexample.The Prince seemed <strong>to</strong> enjoy <strong>the</strong> mirth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 193tables Very much; he was himself more cheerful <strong>and</strong>engaged than when we first saw him, though he appears<strong>to</strong> be naturally a silent man. Ookooma, by overactinghis part, got, we thought, a little tipsy, <strong>and</strong> came severaltimes in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> state chamber, talking louder than wasproper, but <strong>of</strong> this <strong>the</strong> Prince <strong>to</strong>ok no notice. WhenOokooma came near my chair, I whispered <strong>to</strong> him, " Yaweetee," (you are drunk;) he turned round, <strong>and</strong> affecting <strong>to</strong>be angry, called out, " Weetee nang," (I am not drunk)in a voice <strong>and</strong> manner which were in direct contradiction<strong>to</strong> his assertion : his subsequent behaviour, however, was socorrect <strong>and</strong> sedate when <strong>the</strong> feast broke up, <strong>and</strong> all wereagain upon duty, that he was probably merely pretending<strong>to</strong> be tipsy, in order <strong>to</strong> suit what was considered <strong>to</strong> be <strong>the</strong>humour <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> company.On rising <strong>to</strong> depart, <strong>the</strong> Prince led Captain Maxwell by<strong>the</strong> h<strong>and</strong>, not only through <strong>the</strong> gate, but about twenty yardsalong <strong>the</strong> causeway; here he s<strong>to</strong>pped <strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong>ok leave. Captain Maxwell availed himself <strong>of</strong> this opportunity <strong>to</strong> repeat,for <strong>the</strong> last time, his thanks in <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> his government,for <strong>the</strong> numerous attentions <strong>and</strong> marks <strong>of</strong> kindness which wehad received. He requested that what he had said mightbe communicated <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> King, <strong>and</strong> assured <strong>the</strong> Prince, in<strong>the</strong> most earnest <strong>and</strong> respectful manner, that all <strong>the</strong> circumcc
194 VOYAGE TO THEstances <strong>of</strong> our reception <strong>and</strong> entertainment should be stated<strong>to</strong> our own government. The Prince bowed <strong>to</strong> this in amanner which seemed <strong>to</strong> express his satisfaction at whatwas promised. Captain Maxwell next observed, that besides<strong>the</strong> high public benefits <strong>of</strong> which he had just been speaking,he felt individually greatly honoured <strong>and</strong> obliged by <strong>the</strong>particular attention which had been shewn <strong>to</strong> himself, <strong>and</strong><strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> captain <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> little ship, <strong>and</strong> hoped that <strong>the</strong> Princewould accept from himself a small mark <strong>of</strong> his respect <strong>and</strong>gratitude. As soon as this was interpreted <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Prince,Captain Maxwell <strong>to</strong>ok from his neck a small <strong>the</strong>rmometer,set in silver, <strong>and</strong> presented it <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Prince, who leanedhis head forward, <strong>and</strong> requested that it might be hung roundhis neck.This may be supposed a curious place <strong>to</strong> hang a <strong>the</strong>rmometer, but we had learned during our intercourse with <strong>the</strong>chiefs, that some management <strong>of</strong> this kind was necessarywhenever it was intended <strong>to</strong> <strong>of</strong>fer <strong>the</strong>m presents; for <strong>the</strong>irextreme delicacy made <strong>the</strong>m unwilling <strong>to</strong> accept any thing<strong>of</strong> value, lest it might appear in <strong>the</strong> light <strong>of</strong> remunerationfor <strong>the</strong>ir hospitality. Whenever any thing merely ornamental, or <strong>of</strong> little value, was <strong>of</strong>fered, <strong>and</strong> particularly ifworn about <strong>the</strong> person, no objection was made <strong>to</strong> receivingit. It thus became <strong>the</strong> practice, as being <strong>the</strong> most convenientGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 195method, <strong>to</strong> tie <strong>the</strong> proposed gift by a ribbon round <strong>the</strong>neck; <strong>and</strong> after a time, every one had rings, seals, watchkeys,or bank <strong>to</strong>kens with holes drilled in <strong>the</strong>m, prepared for <strong>the</strong>se occasions. The <strong>the</strong>rmometer which wasgiven <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Prince had particularly attracted his noticewhen he was on board.After Captain Maxwell had given his present, <strong>the</strong> Princeturned <strong>to</strong> me, <strong>and</strong> I put over his neck a cornelian ornament,suspended by a ribbon, in <strong>the</strong> same manner as <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>rmometer.He was greatly delighted with <strong>the</strong>se compliments, <strong>and</strong>immediately resuming Captain Maxwell's h<strong>and</strong>, led himalong <strong>the</strong> whole length <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> causeway <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> boat, <strong>and</strong><strong>the</strong>n stepped upon <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> parapet <strong>to</strong> see us rowaway.As soon as we had put <strong>of</strong>f, every one in <strong>the</strong> boats s<strong>to</strong>odup <strong>and</strong> gave three cheers; <strong>to</strong> which <strong>the</strong> Prince bowedseveral times, with his h<strong>and</strong>s closed <strong>and</strong> raised <strong>to</strong> his breast.He remained on <strong>the</strong> parapet, <strong>and</strong> continued waving his fan<strong>to</strong> us as we rowed down <strong>the</strong> harbour, as long as we couldsee him. As <strong>the</strong> boats rowed in procession out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>harbour, all <strong>the</strong> chiefs ran along <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> causeway, where <strong>the</strong>y continued, along with a vast crowd <strong>of</strong>natives, waving <strong>the</strong>ir h<strong>and</strong>kerchiefs <strong>and</strong> fans till we were
"II196 VOYAGE TO THEa great way from <strong>the</strong> shore. On each side <strong>of</strong> this group<strong>of</strong> chiefs a gong was beat incessantly. On every side,<strong>the</strong> rocks, <strong>the</strong> trees, houses, <strong>and</strong> boats, in short, every spotwas crowded with people, waving <strong>the</strong>ir h<strong>and</strong>s, <strong>and</strong> cheeringus as we went along. This brilliant scene had less <strong>of</strong>novelty in it, <strong>to</strong> be sure, than what we had witnessed at <strong>the</strong>same place-on <strong>the</strong> twenty-third <strong>of</strong> last month, but it wasstill more pleasing, for we had now become acquainted withmany <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> individuals forming this assemblage, arid couldfeel assured that <strong>the</strong>ir expressions <strong>of</strong> kindness <strong>and</strong> respectwere sincere. On <strong>the</strong> first occasion, <strong>to</strong>o, <strong>the</strong> natives beingignorant <strong>of</strong> our intentions, were very generally alarmed a<strong>to</strong>ur appearance; <strong>and</strong> accordingly, though <strong>the</strong>re was muchcuriosity shewn , a pr<strong>of</strong>ound silence <strong>and</strong> stillness prevailedover <strong>the</strong> whole crowd, very different from <strong>the</strong> friendlyshouts <strong>and</strong> signs with which <strong>the</strong>y greeted us as we passedamong <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong>-day.Precautions had been taken <strong>to</strong> prevent <strong>the</strong> ladies fromindulging <strong>the</strong>ir curiosity as <strong>the</strong>y had done on <strong>the</strong> first visit,pot a female being seen any where.26th <strong>of</strong> Oc<strong>to</strong>ber.—Last night both <strong>the</strong> Alceste <strong>and</strong> Lyrawere illuminated. At nine o'clock a feu de joie was fired,<strong>and</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> fire-works let <strong>of</strong>f from <strong>the</strong> yard-arms. Agreat concourse <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> natives, who had been apprised <strong>of</strong>fc£Q*
1DPIGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 197our intentions, assembled on <strong>the</strong> shore, <strong>and</strong> were very highlydelighted with this brilliant exhibition.The sick, as well as <strong>the</strong> remaining s<strong>to</strong>res belonging <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>Alceste, were removed on board this morning, <strong>and</strong> everypreparation made for sea. While employed in completing<strong>the</strong> series <strong>of</strong> observations at <strong>the</strong> observa<strong>to</strong>ry, Maderajoined us, having in his h<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> sextant which I had given<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Prince yesterday. It seemed that he had beenordered <strong>to</strong> make himself acquainted with <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> it; <strong>and</strong>k more hopeless enterprise could not have been proposed<strong>to</strong> any man. But Madera was not a man <strong>to</strong> be thrownjli<strong>to</strong> despair by difficulty; on <strong>the</strong> contrary, he persevered inobserving with this sextant, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> more <strong>the</strong> difficultywas made apparent, <strong>the</strong> more keenly he laboured <strong>to</strong> overcome it. The progress which he made in a few hours in <strong>the</strong>mere practical operation <strong>of</strong> taking angles <strong>and</strong> altitudeswas not surprising, because <strong>the</strong>re is in fact not much difficulty in it; but he was nowise satisfied with this pr<strong>of</strong>iciency, <strong>and</strong> seemed anxious <strong>to</strong> apply his knowledge <strong>to</strong> someuseful purpose.With a sextant on a st<strong>and</strong>, I made him take <strong>the</strong> distancebetween <strong>the</strong> sun <strong>and</strong> moon, four or five times; on everyoccasion he was wonderfully near <strong>the</strong> truth. We endeavoured
198 »•• ' VOYAGE TO THE<strong>to</strong> confine him <strong>to</strong> one. object, merely <strong>to</strong> ascertain <strong>the</strong> time<strong>of</strong> apparent noon; <strong>and</strong> I think we succeeded in explainingt0: him how this was <strong>to</strong> be done. He expressed repeatedlyhis regret at our approaching departure, in which sentimen<strong>the</strong> was joined by Jeeroo <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> rest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chiefs, who werequite out <strong>of</strong> spirits. Jeeroo, poor fellow, had prepared ah<strong>and</strong>some dinner for us under a tree near <strong>the</strong> observa<strong>to</strong>ry.IJe made us drink what he called " wackarittee," or <strong>the</strong>parting cup, several times over. We had a number <strong>of</strong> visi<strong>to</strong>rs at <strong>the</strong> observa<strong>to</strong>ryj who saw <strong>the</strong> instruments packedup <strong>and</strong> sent <strong>of</strong>f with looks <strong>of</strong> real regret. They all said <strong>the</strong>ywere sorry we Avere going away. One man gave Mr. Clifford,as a farewell gift, a curious drawing <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Alceste dressedin flags, <strong>and</strong> executed, he said, by his son. The children,<strong>to</strong>o, were all much affected by our preparations, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>wonted hilarity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lower orders was quite gone.Having taken our final leave <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> shore, we went <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>Alceste, where Ave found <strong>the</strong> chiefs in conference AvithCaptain Maxwell, Avho made each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chiefs a present<strong>of</strong> a «ut Avine glass, Avhich he kneAV <strong>the</strong>y had long desired<strong>to</strong> possess. To Ookooma he gave a finely cut tumbler,in a red morocco case. This was much beyond his expectations, <strong>and</strong> perhaps his- wishes, for he appeared <strong>to</strong>GtlEAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 199observe <strong>the</strong> Avine glasses <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs Avith somewhat <strong>of</strong>a disappointed look. Captain MaxAvell perceiving in amoment that Ookooma had set his heart upon a wine glass,opened <strong>the</strong> case, <strong>and</strong> placed one inside <strong>the</strong> tumbler^ <strong>to</strong>Ookooma's great satisfaction; <strong>and</strong> soon afterwards <strong>the</strong>whole party Avent on shore, saying, before <strong>the</strong>y left <strong>the</strong>ship, that in <strong>the</strong> morning <strong>the</strong> Bodzes Avould come on boardin order <strong>to</strong> perform some sacrifice. As <strong>the</strong>y never came, itis probable that <strong>the</strong> interpreter misunders<strong>to</strong>od <strong>the</strong>m, paiticularlyas Isaacha S<strong>and</strong>oo said <strong>to</strong> Mr. Clifford, " Achahoonee nittee Doochoo mang hoonee oocooyoong/' " Tomorrow <strong>the</strong> ships will go, <strong>and</strong> all <strong>the</strong> Loo-choo people willpray for <strong>the</strong>m, or Avish <strong>the</strong>m well;" Avhich Avas probablywhat Avas meant when <strong>the</strong> interpreter reported that <strong>the</strong>Bodzes Avere <strong>to</strong> come on board.While Ave Avere at dinner, Madera came in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Alceste'scabin for <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> asking some questions about <strong>the</strong>sextant. He had not, been aAvare <strong>of</strong> our being at dinner, <strong>and</strong>looked shocked at having intruded; <strong>and</strong> Avhen invited <strong>to</strong> sitdoAvn, politely, but firmly declined. From <strong>the</strong> cabin hewent <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> gun room, <strong>to</strong> see his friend Mr. Hoppner,-<strong>the</strong>junior lieutenant <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Alceste, with Avhom he had formeda great friendship. Mr. Hoppner gave him a picture <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>
200 VOYAGE TO THEAlceste <strong>and</strong> some o<strong>the</strong>r presents; upon which Madera, whowas much affected, said, " To-morrow ship go sea; I gomy fa<strong>the</strong>r house, two day distance: when I see my fa<strong>the</strong>r,I show him your present, <strong>and</strong> I tell him, me, Henry Hoppnerall same (as) bro<strong>the</strong>r," <strong>and</strong> burst in<strong>to</strong> tears!Sunday, 27th <strong>of</strong> Oc<strong>to</strong>ber.—At day-break we unmoored,<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> natives, on seeing us take up one <strong>of</strong> our anchors,thought we were going <strong>to</strong> get under weigh immediately,<strong>and</strong> give <strong>the</strong>m <strong>the</strong> slip, which was not at all intended.This alarm, however, brought <strong>the</strong> chiefs <strong>of</strong>f in a great hurry;not in a body in <strong>the</strong>ir usual formal way, but one by one, inseparate canoes. Old Jeema called on board <strong>the</strong> Lyra on/his way <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> frigate; he was a good deal agitated, <strong>and</strong><strong>the</strong> tears came in<strong>to</strong> his eyes when I put a ring on his finger.He gave me in return his knife.The o<strong>the</strong>r chiefs called alongside on <strong>the</strong>ir way <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>frigate, but went on when I <strong>to</strong>ld <strong>the</strong>m that I was just going<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Alceste myself. In <strong>the</strong> mean time Madera came onboard, with <strong>the</strong> sextant in his h<strong>and</strong>; he was in such distressthat he scarcely knew what he was about. In this distractedstate he sat down <strong>to</strong> breakfast with us, during which hecontinued lighting his pipe <strong>and</strong> smoking as fast as he could;drinking <strong>and</strong> .eating whatever was. placed before .him.GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 201After he had a little recovered himself, he asked what booksit would be necessary <strong>to</strong> read <strong>to</strong> enable him <strong>to</strong> make use <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> sextant; I gave him a nautical almanack, <strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong>ld himthat he must underst<strong>and</strong> that in <strong>the</strong> first instance: he openedit, <strong>and</strong> looking at <strong>the</strong> figures, held up his h<strong>and</strong>s in despair,<strong>and</strong> was at last forced <strong>to</strong> confess that it was a hopelessbusiness. He <strong>the</strong>refore put <strong>the</strong> sextant up <strong>and</strong> bade usfarewell. Before he left <strong>the</strong> Lyra he gave Mr. Clifford hispipe, <strong>to</strong>bacco pouch, <strong>and</strong> a crystal ornament; saying, as heheld out <strong>the</strong> last, " You go Ingeree, you give this <strong>to</strong> yourchilds."Mr. Clifford gave him a few presents in return, <strong>and</strong>expressed his anxiety <strong>to</strong> be considered his friend. Madera,with <strong>the</strong> tears streaming down his cheeks, placed his h<strong>and</strong>several times upon his heart, <strong>and</strong> cried, " Eedooshee,edooshee !" My friend, my friend!To me he gave a fan <strong>and</strong> a picture <strong>of</strong> an old man lookingup at <strong>the</strong> sun, drawn, he said, by himself: he probably meantin his picture some allusion <strong>to</strong> my usual occupation at <strong>the</strong>observa<strong>to</strong>ry. After he had put <strong>of</strong>f in his boat, he called out,"Ingeree noo choo sibittee yoo<strong>to</strong>osha," I shall ever remember<strong>the</strong> English people. When he went <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Alceste, one <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> chiefs remarked that he had nei<strong>the</strong>r his hatchee-matcheeon nor his robes, <strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong>ld him that it was not respectful <strong>to</strong>D D
202 VOYAGE TO THEwait upon Captain Maxwell for <strong>the</strong> last time, in his ordinarydress; particularly as all <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs were in full array.Madera, who, poor fellow, had been <strong>to</strong>o much concernedabout o<strong>the</strong>r matters <strong>to</strong> think <strong>of</strong> dress, was shocked at thisapparent want <strong>of</strong> politeness, <strong>and</strong> went immediately <strong>to</strong>apologize <strong>to</strong> Captain Maxwell, who <strong>to</strong>ok him by <strong>the</strong> h<strong>and</strong>,<strong>and</strong> gave him a present, telling him, at <strong>the</strong> same time, tha<strong>the</strong> was always <strong>to</strong>o happy <strong>to</strong> see him, <strong>to</strong> notice what dress hehad on.On going in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> cabin, I found <strong>the</strong> chiefs seated in arow, all very disconsolate, <strong>and</strong> apparently trying <strong>to</strong> concealemotions different, in all probability, from any which <strong>the</strong>yhad ever before experienced.Captain Maxwell had made<strong>the</strong>m his parting present, <strong>and</strong> I <strong>the</strong>refore gave <strong>to</strong> eachchief some trifle, receiving from <strong>the</strong>m in return, <strong>the</strong>irknives, pipes, pouches, <strong>and</strong> fans.In <strong>the</strong> mean time <strong>the</strong>anchor was hove up, <strong>and</strong> every thing being ready formaking sail, <strong>the</strong> chiefs rose <strong>to</strong> take leave.Ookooma wished<strong>to</strong> say something, but was <strong>to</strong>o much affected <strong>to</strong> speak, <strong>and</strong>before <strong>the</strong>y reached <strong>the</strong>ir boats <strong>the</strong>y were all in tears.Madera cried bitterly as he shook h<strong>and</strong>s with hisnumerous friends, who were loading him with presents.The chiefs, as well as <strong>the</strong> people in <strong>the</strong> numerous canoeswhich had assembled round <strong>the</strong> ships, s<strong>to</strong>od up, <strong>and</strong> con-GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 203tinued waving <strong>the</strong>ir fans <strong>and</strong> h<strong>and</strong>kerchiefs till we werebeyond <strong>the</strong> reefs, <strong>and</strong> could see <strong>the</strong>m no longer.ALMOST every thing respecting <strong>the</strong> manners <strong>and</strong> cus<strong>to</strong>ms<strong>of</strong> Loo-choo, with which we have had an opportunity <strong>of</strong>becoming acquainted, has been laid before <strong>the</strong> reader in <strong>the</strong>foregoing narrative. It is proposed <strong>to</strong> insert here a few particulars which in <strong>the</strong> hurry <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> moment were noted downwithout date. They might easily have been embodiedwith <strong>the</strong> narrative, but it has been considered <strong>of</strong> less consequence <strong>to</strong> sacrifice arrangement, than <strong>to</strong> interfere in anyway with <strong>the</strong> integrity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Journal, in which nothinghasbeen inserted out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> exact order in which it is known <strong>to</strong>have happened.The religion <strong>of</strong> Loo-choo appears <strong>to</strong> be that <strong>of</strong> Fo, said<strong>to</strong> be introduced by <strong>the</strong> bodzes one thous<strong>and</strong> years ago*.We found great difficulty in discovering any thing precise onthis subject from <strong>the</strong> natives; but from all that we couldga<strong>the</strong>r, religion does not appear <strong>to</strong> be made a matter <strong>of</strong>general instruction as in Europe, being left, as in China, <strong>to</strong><strong>the</strong> priests. This we infer from <strong>the</strong> careless way in which<strong>the</strong> subject was at all times treated by <strong>the</strong> natives, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>* See Lettres Edifiantes et Curieuses^ vol. 23.
204 VOYAGE TO THEignorance which <strong>the</strong>y pr<strong>of</strong>essed <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> forms <strong>and</strong> ceremoniesused in <strong>the</strong> temples. The bodzes are not respected oresteemed in society; <strong>the</strong>y are prevented from marrying,<strong>and</strong> are not allowed <strong>to</strong> eat meat: few people associatewith <strong>the</strong>m, <strong>and</strong> even <strong>the</strong> children turn <strong>the</strong>m in<strong>to</strong> ridicule.On <strong>the</strong> occasion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Loo-choo funeral service over <strong>the</strong>grave <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> seaman, <strong>the</strong> bodzes s<strong>to</strong>od behind, <strong>and</strong> werenot called upon <strong>to</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficiate, <strong>the</strong> service being entirely performed by Jeeroo.In <strong>the</strong> large temple we saw three gilt idols <strong>and</strong> variouspictures; but with <strong>the</strong> exception <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> funeral servicejust alluded <strong>to</strong>, we never met with any thing in <strong>the</strong> leastdegree resembling a religious ceremony. The bodzes kept<strong>the</strong> temple clean swept, <strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong>ok care <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> walks <strong>and</strong>hedges, <strong>and</strong> this appeared <strong>to</strong> be <strong>the</strong>ir only employment.It is fair <strong>to</strong> suppose, however, that <strong>the</strong> occupation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>temple by us may have caused a temporary cessation <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong>ir religious observances.They have large <strong>to</strong>mbs or cemeteries for <strong>the</strong>ir dead,being mostly <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Chinese form, viz. that <strong>of</strong> a horse-shoe.They are formed <strong>of</strong> s<strong>to</strong>nes <strong>and</strong> mortar, <strong>and</strong> are coveredwith a coat <strong>of</strong> cheenam, (shell lime), which is always keptnicely white-washed <strong>and</strong> clean swept: some are more highlyfinished than o<strong>the</strong>rs ; <strong>the</strong>ir size varies from twenty <strong>to</strong> thirtyfeet in length, by twelve <strong>to</strong> fourteen broad. The c<strong>of</strong>fin.GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 205when closed, is placed in <strong>the</strong> vault under <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>mb, <strong>and</strong> isnot <strong>to</strong>uched for six or seven years, by which time <strong>the</strong> fleshis found <strong>to</strong> have separated <strong>and</strong> wasted away; <strong>the</strong> bones are<strong>the</strong>n collected, <strong>and</strong> put in<strong>to</strong> jars ranged in rows on <strong>the</strong> inside <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> vault. Burning is never used at any stage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>proceedings, nor under any circumstances. In <strong>the</strong> course<strong>of</strong> time, when <strong>the</strong>se vaults become crowded, <strong>the</strong> vases areremoved <strong>to</strong> houses appropriated <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir reception aboveground : snch must have been <strong>the</strong> building described byMr. Clifford in <strong>the</strong> village near Port Melville. The lowerorders, who cannot afford <strong>the</strong>se expensive <strong>to</strong>mbs, takeadvantage <strong>of</strong> hollow places in <strong>the</strong> rocks, which by a littleassistance are made secure vaults. In <strong>the</strong> cliffs behind <strong>the</strong>village <strong>of</strong> Oonting, <strong>the</strong> galleries cut for <strong>the</strong> reception <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> vases must have been <strong>the</strong> work <strong>of</strong> men possessed <strong>of</strong>power <strong>and</strong> authority. Not being fully aware what <strong>the</strong>Chinese cus<strong>to</strong>ms are with respect <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> dead, in ordinarycases, it is impossible for us <strong>to</strong> say how nearly <strong>the</strong>y resemblethose <strong>of</strong> Loo-choo, but <strong>the</strong>re are certainly some points <strong>of</strong>resemblance.From Mr. Clifford's notes on <strong>the</strong> Loo-choo inscriptions,I have extracted <strong>the</strong> following particulars." A number <strong>of</strong> carved s<strong>to</strong>nes, called by <strong>the</strong> nativesKawroo, were found at many places, particularly in <strong>the</strong>groves on <strong>the</strong> hill. The Kawroo is two feet long, by oue
206 VOYAGE TO THEwide, <strong>and</strong> one high; it is excavated a little on <strong>the</strong> upperpart, on which an <strong>of</strong>fering <strong>of</strong> rice is placed. On <strong>the</strong> sides <strong>of</strong>this s<strong>to</strong>ne are carved a variety <strong>of</strong> characters, denoting <strong>the</strong>rank <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> person who makes <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fering, as well as <strong>the</strong>object <strong>of</strong> his petition, <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r with <strong>the</strong> date." Two <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se inscriptions, copied at <strong>the</strong> time, have sincebeen translated by a gentleman acquainted with <strong>the</strong> Chinesecharacters. The first gives an <strong>account</strong> <strong>of</strong> a man about <strong>to</strong> sailfor China, in <strong>the</strong> reign <strong>of</strong> Kien Lung, <strong>the</strong> late monarch <strong>of</strong>that country; this person implores <strong>the</strong> divine aid in protecting him during his <strong>voyage</strong>. The o<strong>the</strong>r is dated in <strong>the</strong>twenty-first year <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> reign <strong>of</strong> Kia-King, <strong>the</strong> presentemperor <strong>of</strong> China, answering <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> year 1816, in which wevisited Loo-choo. This is an invocation <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> deity forsuccess in a literary pursuit." Two narrow strips <strong>of</strong> paper, with characters inscribedon <strong>the</strong>m, which by consent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> natives were takenfrom a pillar in <strong>the</strong> temple, <strong>and</strong> which have since beentranslated, prove <strong>to</strong> be invocations, one <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> supremedeity, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> evil spirit. The first ison a slip <strong>of</strong> paper, two feet long, by two inches wide,<strong>and</strong> contains a supplication for pardon. The latter invocation begins by seven rows <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> character symbolical <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Devil. In <strong>the</strong> upper line <strong>the</strong>re are seven,<strong>and</strong> in <strong>the</strong> last one, so that a triangular page is formed <strong>of</strong>GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 207twenty-eight characters, each signifying <strong>the</strong> Devil; <strong>and</strong><strong>the</strong> prayer itself is written in a narrow perpendicular lineunderneath; <strong>the</strong> whole inscription resembling in form akite with a long tail attached <strong>to</strong> it."Polygamy is not allowed in Loo-choo as in China, <strong>and</strong><strong>the</strong> king, it appears, is <strong>the</strong> only person permitted by law <strong>to</strong>have concubines; <strong>the</strong>y invariably spoke with horror <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>Chinese practice, which allows a plurality <strong>of</strong> wives, <strong>and</strong> weremuch gratified on learning that <strong>the</strong> English cus<strong>to</strong>ms in thisrespect were similar <strong>to</strong> those <strong>of</strong> Loo-choo. The women arenot treated so well as we were led <strong>to</strong> expect from <strong>the</strong> mildness <strong>of</strong> character in <strong>the</strong> men, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir liberality <strong>of</strong> thinkingin general. The upper classes <strong>of</strong> women are confined agood deal <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir houses, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> lower orders performmuch <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hard work <strong>of</strong> husb<strong>and</strong>ry. We saw <strong>the</strong>m at adistance, in great numbers, carrying loads on <strong>the</strong>ir heads.Madera says that <strong>the</strong> women are not treated with muchindulgence, being even restricted from using fans; <strong>and</strong>that when <strong>the</strong>y are met out <strong>of</strong> doors by <strong>the</strong> men, <strong>the</strong>ytake no notice <strong>of</strong> one ano<strong>the</strong>r, whatever may be <strong>the</strong> degree<strong>of</strong> relationship or intimacy subsisting between <strong>the</strong>m. Theperseverance with which <strong>the</strong>y kept <strong>the</strong> women from oursight is curious, <strong>and</strong> leads us <strong>to</strong> conjecture that <strong>the</strong> generalpractice <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong> is <strong>to</strong> seclude <strong>the</strong> women at all times.In this respect <strong>the</strong>y differ from <strong>the</strong> Japanese, who are
VOYAGE TO THEsaid <strong>to</strong> allow wives <strong>to</strong> every stranger. This degree <strong>of</strong>seclusion does not prevail in China, as we had opportunities<strong>of</strong> observing at several places never before visited by Europeans. The Chinese <strong>account</strong> quoted in <strong>the</strong> Lettres Edifiantes
210 VOYAGE TO THEwhich had <strong>the</strong> appearance <strong>of</strong> a warlike weapon, but we hadevery reason <strong>to</strong> believe that this was used for <strong>the</strong> sole purpose<strong>of</strong> catching fish, having seen o<strong>the</strong>rs not very dissimilar actually employed in this way.They looked at our swords <strong>and</strong>cutlasses, <strong>and</strong> at <strong>the</strong> Malay creeses <strong>and</strong> spears, with equalsurprise, being apparently as little acquainted with <strong>the</strong> oneas with <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r. The chiefs carried little case knives in<strong>the</strong> folds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir robes, or in <strong>the</strong> girdle, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> lower ordershad a larger knife, but <strong>the</strong>se were always <strong>of</strong> some immediate practical utility, <strong>and</strong> were not worn for defence noras ornaments. They denied having any knowledge <strong>of</strong> warei<strong>the</strong>r by experience or by tradition.We never saw any punishment inflicted at Loo-choo:a tap with <strong>the</strong> fan, or an angry look, was <strong>the</strong> severest chastisement ever resorted <strong>to</strong>, as far as we could discover.giving orders, <strong>the</strong> chiefs were mild though firm, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>people always obeyed with cheerfulness.InThere seemed <strong>to</strong>be great respect <strong>and</strong> confidence on <strong>the</strong> one h<strong>and</strong>, <strong>and</strong> muchconsideration <strong>and</strong> kind feeling on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r.In this particular, more than in any o<strong>the</strong>r that fell under our notice,Loo-choo differs from China, for in <strong>the</strong> latter country we sawnone <strong>of</strong> this generous <strong>and</strong> friendly underst<strong>and</strong>ing between<strong>the</strong> upper <strong>and</strong> lower classes.One day when we were drinking tea <strong>and</strong> smoking pipesGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 211-with <strong>the</strong> chiefs, on <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hill, a boy began <strong>to</strong> exhibit feats <strong>of</strong> tumbling before us; in a short time all eyeswere turned <strong>to</strong>wards him, <strong>and</strong> his modesty caused him <strong>to</strong>desist. We <strong>of</strong>fered him but<strong>to</strong>ns <strong>and</strong> various things, but hewould not. resume his tumbling: we <strong>the</strong>n asked Jeema <strong>to</strong>interfere; he did so, <strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong>ld <strong>the</strong> youngster <strong>to</strong> go on; bu<strong>the</strong> kept his seat, <strong>and</strong> Jeema became angry, or ra<strong>the</strong>r pretended <strong>to</strong> be so, yet <strong>the</strong> tumbler sat obstinately still. " Well,"said Jeema <strong>to</strong> us, " what, is <strong>to</strong> be done ? It was for his ownamusement that he began, <strong>and</strong> probably for his amusemen<strong>the</strong> will do so again/' The boy, when left alone, in a shorttime resumed his tumbling. I mention this <strong>to</strong> shew Jeema'sgood sense in not forcing <strong>the</strong> boy <strong>to</strong> do that as a task,which he had begun as an amusement, <strong>and</strong> which he haddiscernment enough <strong>to</strong> know would be unpleasant for us <strong>to</strong>witness in any o<strong>the</strong>r way. By this treatment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir children,mutual cordiality <strong>and</strong> freedom <strong>of</strong> intercourse are encouraged. It was probably owing <strong>to</strong> this mode <strong>of</strong> educationthat <strong>the</strong> children became at once familiar with us. One daywhile I was employed sketching <strong>the</strong> village <strong>and</strong> trees near <strong>the</strong>bridge, a boy s<strong>to</strong>pped near me, <strong>and</strong> without saying any thing,endeavoured <strong>to</strong> attract my notice by performing variousgambols before me. I <strong>to</strong>ok no notice <strong>of</strong> him for some time,but at last looked up <strong>and</strong> smiled ; upon which <strong>the</strong> boy criedII
VOYAGE TO THEout in perfectly good English, " How do you do? Verywell, I thank you;" <strong>and</strong> ran <strong>of</strong>f, quite delighted at havingdisplayed his pr<strong>of</strong>iciency in English.The chiefs were generally accompanied by one or two <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong>ir sons, who <strong>to</strong>ok <strong>the</strong>ir places near <strong>the</strong>m, <strong>and</strong> were alwaysput forward when <strong>the</strong>re was any thing curious <strong>to</strong> be seen. Inthis way <strong>the</strong>y were encouraged <strong>to</strong> make <strong>the</strong>mselves acquainted with every thing, <strong>and</strong> yet nothing could be morerespectful or affectionate than <strong>the</strong>y always were. Greatpains were taken <strong>to</strong> form <strong>the</strong> manners <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> children, <strong>and</strong> wenever observed an instance <strong>of</strong> rudeness in any one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m,though <strong>the</strong>y were as full <strong>of</strong> life <strong>and</strong> spirits as <strong>the</strong> wildestEnglish school-boys. John <strong>the</strong> Chinaman afforded <strong>the</strong>mmuch amusement: he was a great coxcomb, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>reforefair game for <strong>the</strong> boys; <strong>the</strong>y used <strong>to</strong> surround him <strong>and</strong>pretend <strong>to</strong> pull his long tail; but <strong>the</strong>y never actuallypulled it, but merely teazed him a little, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n ran away.These little traits seem worthy <strong>of</strong> notice, as <strong>the</strong>y belong <strong>to</strong>a style <strong>of</strong> education quite different from what we had seenin China <strong>and</strong> some o<strong>the</strong>r eastern countries, where <strong>the</strong> children are made <strong>to</strong> look like men in miniature.During our intercourse with <strong>the</strong>se people, <strong>the</strong>re did no<strong>to</strong>ccur one instance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ft. They were all permitted <strong>to</strong> comeon board indiscriminately; <strong>to</strong> go in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> cabins, s<strong>to</strong>re-GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 213rooms, <strong>and</strong> wherever <strong>the</strong>y liked, unattended. At <strong>the</strong> temple<strong>the</strong> Alceste's s<strong>to</strong>res <strong>of</strong> every kind were lying about, as well as<strong>the</strong> carpenter's <strong>and</strong> armourer's <strong>to</strong>ols; <strong>and</strong> in <strong>the</strong> observa<strong>to</strong>ry,<strong>the</strong> instruments, books, <strong>and</strong> pencils were merely placedunder cover; yet <strong>the</strong>re was not a single article taken away,though many hundreds <strong>of</strong> people were daily admitted, <strong>and</strong>allowed <strong>to</strong> examine whatever <strong>the</strong>y pleased. This degree <strong>of</strong>honesty is a feature which distinguishes <strong>the</strong> people <strong>of</strong> Loocho<strong>of</strong>rom <strong>the</strong> Chinese, as well as from <strong>the</strong> inhabitants <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s in <strong>the</strong> South Sea <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Malay Archipelago;among whom even fear, as was ascertained by CaptainCook <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r <strong>voyage</strong>rs, is al<strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r insufficient <strong>to</strong> prevent <strong>the</strong>ft. At Loo-choo <strong>the</strong> people are considerablycivilised; but <strong>the</strong>y have few wants, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>y appear <strong>to</strong>be perfectly contented. Honesty is perhaps <strong>the</strong> naturalconsequence <strong>of</strong> such a state <strong>of</strong> society.We saw no musical instruments <strong>of</strong> any kind; <strong>the</strong>y were,however, aware <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir use. The natives almost all sing,<strong>and</strong> we heard several very sweet airs, principally plaintive:<strong>the</strong>y had many jovial drinking songs, one <strong>of</strong> which wewrote down from <strong>the</strong>ir singing; it was inscribed on a drinking cup, <strong>and</strong> is as follows ;" TyVack koo, tawshoo, shee kacko<strong>of</strong>ing,*' Chaw ung, itchee shaw, shooha neebooroo;•1 " Ting shee, you byee, chee taroo shoo ninnee
m214I IVOYAGE TO THE" Nooboo cadsee meesee carra shaw jeeroo" Shing coodee sackee oochee noo shing."The Chinese characters on <strong>the</strong> drinking-cup werethus translated in China, " Tywack hoo *, inspired by ajar <strong>of</strong> wine, writes an hundred pages <strong>of</strong> odes or verses without end. At <strong>the</strong> market <strong>to</strong>wn <strong>of</strong> Chaw-ung-f- he entered awine shop <strong>to</strong> sleep. The Emperor summoned him <strong>to</strong> appear ; in his haste <strong>to</strong> obey <strong>the</strong> summons, he forgot <strong>to</strong> pu<strong>to</strong>n his neckcloth, <strong>and</strong> rushing in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> royal presence, exclaimed, ' I am <strong>the</strong> wine-loving immortal/ "The Loo-choo dress has been so frequently mentioned,that a brief notice, in recapitulation, will suffice in thisplace. Their loose robe was generally made <strong>of</strong> cot<strong>to</strong>n, <strong>and</strong><strong>of</strong> a great variety <strong>of</strong> colours. The robe <strong>of</strong> a grown upperson was never flowered or printed over with figures, beinggenerally <strong>of</strong> a uniform colour, though instances occurred <strong>of</strong>striped cloths being worn by <strong>the</strong> chiefs. This robe openedin front, but <strong>the</strong> edges overlapped, <strong>and</strong> were concealedby <strong>the</strong> folds, so as <strong>to</strong> render it difficult <strong>to</strong> say whe<strong>the</strong>ror not <strong>the</strong> robe was continued all round: <strong>the</strong> sleeveswere about three feet wide: round <strong>the</strong> middle was bounda belt or girdle about four or five inches wide, always* A man celebrated in <strong>the</strong> Tung dynasty for his convivial disposition: hew known in China by <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> Jai-pe.f The <strong>to</strong>wn <strong>of</strong> Chang-ngan in China, near <strong>the</strong> Great Wall.
- iGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 2lo<strong>of</strong> a different colour from <strong>the</strong> dress, <strong>and</strong> in general richlyornamented with wrought silk <strong>and</strong> gold flowers. The folds<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> robe overhang <strong>the</strong> belt, but not so much as <strong>to</strong>hide it: <strong>the</strong> whole <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dress folds easily, <strong>and</strong> has agraceful <strong>and</strong> picturesque appearance. The garments wornby <strong>the</strong> children were <strong>of</strong>ten gaudily printed with flowers. Inrainy or cold wea<strong>the</strong>r, a sort <strong>of</strong> great coat was worn by <strong>the</strong>chiefs only, <strong>of</strong> thick blue cloth, but<strong>to</strong>ning in front over <strong>the</strong>robe, <strong>and</strong> tighter both in body <strong>and</strong> sleeves than <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r.This cloth resembled <strong>the</strong> coarse cloth used in China; <strong>and</strong> itlooked like woollen manufacture, <strong>and</strong> may possibly have beenoriginally brought from Engl<strong>and</strong>. The s<strong>and</strong>als worn by allranks were exactly <strong>the</strong> same; <strong>the</strong>y were formed <strong>of</strong> strawwrought in<strong>to</strong> a firm mat <strong>to</strong> fit <strong>the</strong> sole <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> foot, smooth<strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> foot, <strong>and</strong> ragged underneath: a stiff smoothb<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> straw, about as thick as one's little finger, passesfrom that part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> s<strong>and</strong>al immediately under <strong>the</strong> ancle<strong>and</strong> over <strong>the</strong> lower part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> instep, so as <strong>to</strong> join <strong>the</strong> s<strong>and</strong>alat <strong>the</strong> opposite side; this is connected with <strong>the</strong> foremost part<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> s<strong>and</strong>al by a short small straw cord which comesbetween <strong>the</strong> great <strong>to</strong>e <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> next one. The upper classeswore s<strong>to</strong>ckings <strong>of</strong> white cot<strong>to</strong>n, not unlike our half s<strong>to</strong>ckings, except that <strong>the</strong>y but<strong>to</strong>n at <strong>the</strong> outside, <strong>and</strong> have a(GENTLEMAN <strong>of</strong>place like <strong>the</strong> finger <strong>of</strong> a glove for <strong>the</strong> great <strong>to</strong>e.Their hair is <strong>of</strong> a jet black, <strong>and</strong> is kept glossy by juice
il'jjIf216 VOYAGE TO THEexpressed from a leaf. There is no variety in <strong>the</strong> fashion <strong>of</strong>dressing it; it is pulled tight up all round, <strong>and</strong> is formed at<strong>to</strong>p in<strong>to</strong> a compact knot, so as <strong>to</strong> conceal <strong>the</strong> crown <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>head, which is shaved; through <strong>the</strong> knot are thrust twometal pins, one <strong>of</strong> which has a square point <strong>and</strong> floweredhead consisting <strong>of</strong> six leaves or divisions: <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r pin hasone end sharp, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r shaped like a scoop: <strong>the</strong> length<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se pins is from four <strong>to</strong> six inches. We did not see<strong>the</strong> Prince's, as he remained covered during all <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong>his visit; but <strong>the</strong> Chief <strong>of</strong> high rank, who visited <strong>the</strong> Alcesteon <strong>the</strong> 23d <strong>of</strong> September, had <strong>the</strong> flowered end <strong>of</strong> one pinstudded with precious s<strong>to</strong>nes. The higher orders wear, onstate occasions, what <strong>the</strong>y called a " hatchee-matchee," whichis a kind <strong>of</strong> turban, apparently made by winding a broadb<strong>and</strong>round a cylinder, in such a way, that a small segment <strong>of</strong>each fold is shewn at every turn, in front above, <strong>and</strong> behindbelow; this is effected by giving a slight diagonal direction<strong>to</strong> each fold. The lower orders occasionally tie a colouredcloth or h<strong>and</strong>kerchief round <strong>the</strong> head; this <strong>the</strong>y call" sadjee:" next <strong>the</strong> body <strong>the</strong>y wear a thin cot<strong>to</strong>n dress.The men wear no ornaments through <strong>the</strong>ir flesh, nor are<strong>the</strong>y tat<strong>to</strong>oed: we saw, indeed, some fishermen who had fishspears marked on <strong>the</strong>ir arms, but this does not prevailgenerally. An etching <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se marks is given by Mr.Clifford in <strong>the</strong> second part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Vocabulary.GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 217The cattle on this isl<strong>and</strong>, which are <strong>of</strong> a small blackbreed, are used exclusively for agricultural purposes. Hogs,goats, <strong>and</strong> poultry, with rice <strong>and</strong> a great variety <strong>of</strong> vegetables, form <strong>the</strong> food <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> inhabitants: milk is never used.We saw no geese, so that those left by Captain Brough<strong>to</strong>nmost probably did not thrive. They have no sheep norasses. Their horses are <strong>of</strong> a small slight make, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>natives are very fond <strong>of</strong> riding. We saw no carts or wheeledcarriages <strong>of</strong> any kind, horses being used <strong>to</strong> carry loads; forthis purpose <strong>the</strong> roads are numerous, <strong>and</strong> kept in excellent order, being from six <strong>to</strong> ten feet wide.Their mode <strong>of</strong> dressing <strong>the</strong> ground is neat, <strong>and</strong> resembles <strong>the</strong> Chinese, particularly in manuring <strong>and</strong> irrigatingit. This is most attended <strong>to</strong> where <strong>the</strong> sugar-cane iscultivated: <strong>the</strong>y have, besides, <strong>to</strong>bacco,. wheat, rice,Indian corn, millet, sweet pota<strong>to</strong>es, brinjals, <strong>and</strong> manyo<strong>the</strong>r vegetables. The fields, which are nicely squared,have convenient walks on <strong>the</strong> raised banks running roundeach. Along <strong>the</strong> sides <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hills, <strong>and</strong> round <strong>the</strong>villages, <strong>the</strong> bamboo <strong>and</strong> rattan grow <strong>to</strong> a considerablesize. The pine is <strong>the</strong> most conspicuous tree on <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>,growing <strong>to</strong> a great height <strong>and</strong> size, which we infer fromseeing canoes built with planks several feet wide; <strong>the</strong> trees,F F
I218 VOYAGE TO THEhowever,near <strong>the</strong> temple at Napakiang were not above ninetyfeet high, <strong>and</strong> from three <strong>to</strong> four in girt. The banyan-tree<strong>of</strong> India was seen at several places; <strong>the</strong> finest one overhung<strong>the</strong> small temple at Napakiang, which circumstance led <strong>to</strong><strong>the</strong> enquiry whe<strong>the</strong>r, as in India, this tree is held sacred, butwe could gain no information on this subject.In a little plot <strong>of</strong> ground in <strong>the</strong> temple garden, Mr.Phillips, purser <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Alceste, sowed mustard-seed, peas,<strong>and</strong> a variety <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r seeds, <strong>the</strong> natives taking his directions for <strong>the</strong>ir culture. Our <strong>to</strong>tal ignorance <strong>of</strong> botany prevented our making any observations on this subject whileat Loo-choo;. but <strong>to</strong> supply this deficiency, we collectedspecimens <strong>of</strong> every plant at <strong>the</strong> place. These were preserved between sheets <strong>of</strong> brown paper, <strong>and</strong> given afterwards<strong>to</strong> Mr. Abel, <strong>the</strong> naturalist <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> embassy, in order <strong>to</strong>be arranged; but <strong>the</strong>y were subsequently lost, along with<strong>the</strong> whole <strong>of</strong> that gentleman's collection.Of <strong>the</strong>ir manufactures it is difficult <strong>to</strong> speak with certainty. By <strong>the</strong>ir own <strong>account</strong> <strong>the</strong> silks which <strong>the</strong>y wearare Chinese, but <strong>the</strong> cot<strong>to</strong>n cloths are made on this <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>neighbouring isl<strong>and</strong>s; <strong>the</strong> printed patterns <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se are notwithout, elegance. We saw no weaving looms, but as wewere only in a few houses, this; ;isr;not surprising: <strong>the</strong> websGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 219are thirty-six feet long, <strong>and</strong> fourteen inches broad. Tobaccopipes<strong>and</strong> fans are made at Loo-choo; as well as <strong>the</strong> sepulchral vases, <strong>of</strong> which <strong>the</strong>re is a manufac<strong>to</strong>ry at Napakiang,from whence <strong>the</strong>y are exported <strong>to</strong> Oonting, <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r parts<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>. Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pouches <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chiefs were made<strong>of</strong> cloth, which <strong>the</strong>y say comes from China; it is exactlylike our broad cloth. We tried in vain <strong>to</strong> learn what goods<strong>the</strong>y send <strong>to</strong> China in exchange for silks : perhaps sulphurforms a part, which <strong>the</strong>se isl<strong>and</strong>s are said <strong>to</strong> produce, aswell as tin. From <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> vessels constantly sailingout <strong>and</strong> in, it appears that <strong>the</strong>y must have some trade, bu<strong>to</strong>ur enquiries on this <strong>and</strong> many o<strong>the</strong>r <strong>to</strong>pics, though sedulously pursued, led <strong>to</strong> nothing satisfac<strong>to</strong>ry, owing probably ra<strong>the</strong>r <strong>to</strong> our ignorance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> language, than <strong>to</strong> anywish on <strong>the</strong>ir part <strong>to</strong> withhold information; because, on<strong>to</strong>pics which had no reference <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> royal family or <strong>the</strong>women, <strong>the</strong>y in general spoke freely.We had frequent opportunities <strong>of</strong> seeing <strong>the</strong>ir method<strong>of</strong> making salt, <strong>and</strong> an <strong>account</strong> <strong>of</strong> it may, perhaps, be interesting. Near <strong>the</strong> sea, large level fields are rolled or beatso as <strong>to</strong> have a hard surface. Over this is strewn a sort <strong>of</strong>s<strong>and</strong>y black earth, forming a coat about a quarter <strong>of</strong> aninch thick. Rakes <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r implements are used <strong>to</strong> makeit <strong>of</strong> a uniform thickness, but it is not pressed down.*
220 VOYAGE TO THEDuring <strong>the</strong> heat <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> day, men are employed <strong>to</strong> bringwater in tubs from <strong>the</strong> sea, which is sprinkled over <strong>the</strong>sefields by means <strong>of</strong> a short scoop. The heat <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sun, in ashort time, evaporates <strong>the</strong> water, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> salt is left in <strong>the</strong>s<strong>and</strong>, which is scraped up <strong>and</strong> put in<strong>to</strong> raised receivers <strong>of</strong>masonry about six feet by four, <strong>and</strong> five deep.When <strong>the</strong>receiver is full <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> s<strong>and</strong>, sea water is poured on <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p,<strong>and</strong> this, in its way down, carries with it <strong>the</strong> salt left byevaporation. When it runs out below at a. small hole, it isa very strong brine; this is reduced <strong>to</strong> salt by being boiledin vessels about three feet wide <strong>and</strong> one deep. The cakesresulting from this operation are an inch <strong>and</strong> a half inthickness.Of <strong>the</strong> population <strong>of</strong> this isl<strong>and</strong> we know nothing satisfac<strong>to</strong>ry : <strong>the</strong> natives invariably pleaded ignorance <strong>the</strong>mselves ; <strong>and</strong> as we had no precise data, our estimates weremade at r<strong>and</strong>om, <strong>and</strong> as <strong>the</strong>y never agreed with each o<strong>the</strong>r,<strong>the</strong>y are not worthy <strong>of</strong> notice.From <strong>the</strong> south point <strong>of</strong>this isl<strong>and</strong>, <strong>to</strong> five or six miles north <strong>of</strong> Napakiang, an extent <strong>of</strong> sixteen or eighteen miles, <strong>the</strong> country is highlycultivated, <strong>and</strong> is almost entirely covered with villages. Allround Port Melville <strong>to</strong>o <strong>the</strong>re are populous villages, but<strong>the</strong> north, north-east <strong>and</strong> eastern places are thinly peopled,<strong>and</strong> not cultivated <strong>to</strong> any extent.We saw nothing likeGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND. 221poverty or distress <strong>of</strong> any kind: every person that we metseemed contented <strong>and</strong> happy. We saw no deformed people,nor any who bore indications <strong>of</strong> disease, except a few whowere marked with <strong>the</strong> small-pox.The style <strong>of</strong> living <strong>of</strong> those with whom we associatedis generous <strong>and</strong> free; <strong>the</strong>ir cus<strong>to</strong>m <strong>of</strong> carrying about <strong>the</strong>irdinner in boxes, <strong>and</strong> making little pic-nic parties, is peculiarly striking, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>y appeared fully sensible <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>advantage <strong>of</strong> bringing people <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r in this way, <strong>and</strong> expressed much satisfaction at <strong>the</strong> ready way in which wefell in<strong>to</strong> a cus<strong>to</strong>m from which all formality was dismissed.They she wed, moreover, a good deal <strong>of</strong> discernment, <strong>and</strong> couldadapt <strong>the</strong>mselves <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> character <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> particular persons<strong>the</strong>y happened <strong>to</strong> be in company with, in a manner veryremarkable; but this was evidently <strong>the</strong> result not <strong>of</strong>cunning, but <strong>of</strong> correct feelings, <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> a polite habit <strong>of</strong>thinking.Of <strong>the</strong>ir manners, little need be added here <strong>to</strong> whatevery page <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> narrative will show. It ought <strong>to</strong> be particularly noticed, however, that <strong>the</strong>y are an exceedinglytimorous people, <strong>and</strong> naturally suspicious <strong>of</strong> foreigners.A stranger visiting Loo-choo ought <strong>the</strong>refore <strong>to</strong> keep <strong>the</strong>sefeatures <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir character constantly in mind. By imitating Captain Maxwell's wise plan <strong>of</strong> treating <strong>the</strong> natives with
I,VOYAGE TO THEgentleness <strong>and</strong> kindness, <strong>and</strong> shewing every considerationfor <strong>the</strong>ir peculiarities, he will st<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> best chance <strong>of</strong>gaining <strong>the</strong>ir good-will <strong>and</strong> confidence. But if he shouldbetray any impatience, or be at all harsh in treating with<strong>the</strong>m, he may rest assured that he will lose much time,<strong>and</strong> in all probability fail at last in his attempts <strong>to</strong> establishan unreserved <strong>and</strong> friendly intercourse.As Loo-choo, however, lies quite out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> track <strong>of</strong>trading ships, <strong>and</strong> does not appear <strong>to</strong> produce any thing<strong>of</strong> value itself, <strong>and</strong> as <strong>the</strong> inhabitants seem indifferentabout foreign commodities, <strong>and</strong> if <strong>the</strong>y wished <strong>to</strong> possess<strong>the</strong>m are without money <strong>to</strong> make purchases, it is not probable that this isl<strong>and</strong> will be soon revisited.BB.IBKE AT NAPAIOAIKBAPPENDIX.
APPENDIX:CONTAININGCHARTSOF THE GULF OF PE-CHE-LEE, THE WEST COAST OF COREA, THE GREAT LOO-CHOOISLAND, NAPAKIANG ROADS, AND PORT MELVILLE: WITH BRIEFEXPLANATORY NOTICES.TABLE OF OBSERVATIONSMADE WITH DR. WOLLASTON'S DIP SECTOR: WITH AN ENGRAVING, AND ADESCRIPTION OF THIS INSTRUMENT, AND DIRECTIONS FOR ITS USE.METEOROLOGICAL JOURNAL,FROM JULY TO NOVEMBER 181C, WHILE THE SHIPS WERE IN THE YELLOW ANDJAPAN SEAS.ABSTRACT OF THE LYRA'S VOYAGE,FROM LEAVING ENGLAND TILL HER RETURN; SHEWING THE DISTANCE BETWEENTHE DIFFERENT PLACES AT WHICH SHE TOUCHED, AND THE TIME TAKENIN PERFORMING EACH PASSAGE.GEOLOGICAL MEMORANDUM;BEING A DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIMENS OF ROCKS COLLECTED ON THE SHORESOF THE YELLOW SEA, COREA, LOO-CHOO, MACAO, AND THE LADRONE ISLANDS.L JH Lit'
CHARTSOF THEGULF OF PE-CHE-LEE, THE WEST COAST OF COREA, THEGREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND, NAPAKIANG ROADS, ANDPORT MELVILLE.WITH BRIEF EXPLANATORY NOTICES.
NOTICE EXPLANATORY OF A CHARTTHE SOUTH SIDE OF THE GULF OF PE-CHE-LEE,YELLOW SEA.IN constructing this chart, I have assumed <strong>the</strong> longitude <strong>of</strong> fast meridianused in con<strong>the</strong>fort at <strong>the</strong> mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Pei-ho <strong>to</strong> be 117° 49' east <strong>of</strong> ^ctt!ngtbeGreenwich, or 11' <strong>west</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> place where <strong>the</strong> squadron layat anchor. From this <strong>the</strong> difference <strong>of</strong> longitude was measured by two chronometers. The latitudes were ascertainedby frequent observations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stars, as well as <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sun.The <strong>coast</strong> on <strong>the</strong> south <strong>and</strong> south-<strong>west</strong> sides <strong>of</strong> this Aspect <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>south <strong>and</strong> south-Gulf is very low, resembling, in this respect, <strong>the</strong> shore at <strong>west</strong> <strong>coast</strong>s<strong>the</strong>entrance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Pei-ho, or Pekin river, where it isuniformly low <strong>and</strong> s<strong>and</strong>y; occasionally a few houses are <strong>to</strong>be seen, <strong>and</strong> also square mounds or buildings like forts, butgenerally, a low white beach is all that can be discovered.The <strong>coast</strong> is not visible till within about three leaguesdistance, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> eye elevated eighty feet from <strong>the</strong> sea, ,which is <strong>the</strong> height <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lyra's fore <strong>to</strong>p-gallant yard. The sounding*.depth <strong>of</strong> water when <strong>the</strong> l<strong>and</strong> first came in sight, was generallyfive fathoms; at some places only four fathoms, <strong>and</strong> at <strong>the</strong>* Sculpt.
Kq i a 5 a_ , 'v L.i ^ / HrSti SA? -V."1 fSIIhfciIit^\ i
JlVIColour <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>\vatef.Tides on <strong>the</strong><strong>west</strong>ern side <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> Gulf.Bot<strong>to</strong>m <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>Gulf.APPENDIX.very bot<strong>to</strong>m <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Gulf, it could not be discerned till inthree <strong>and</strong> a half fathoms. It may be said generally, that atten miles distance <strong>the</strong> soundings are from four <strong>and</strong> a half <strong>to</strong>six fathoms; at twelve miles, from six <strong>to</strong> eight fathoms.There is a wonderful uniformity in <strong>the</strong> depth from <strong>the</strong> Pei-horound <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> south-east corner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Gulf; <strong>the</strong> bot<strong>to</strong>m ismud, sometimes a little gritty, particularly <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong>sou<strong>the</strong>rn parts.The colour <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> water was mostly <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same dirty3rellow or green which was observed <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> Pei-ho, but we didnot observe any red coloured water, as was frequentlynoticed at that place; at <strong>the</strong> bot<strong>to</strong>m <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Gulf, indeed,<strong>the</strong>re were several changes in <strong>the</strong> colour <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> water,accompanied by long lines <strong>of</strong> foam, indicating, it wouldseem, <strong>the</strong> vicinity <strong>of</strong> a great river.On <strong>the</strong> <strong>west</strong> side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Gulf <strong>the</strong> ebb tide runs <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>south-east by south, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> flood north-<strong>west</strong> by <strong>west</strong>;<strong>the</strong> periods are very regular, being generally about sixhours: <strong>the</strong>y vary, however, in rapidity. As we anchoredon <strong>the</strong> flood we were enabled <strong>to</strong> measure its velocity; as wegot deep in <strong>the</strong> Gulf it decreased: at <strong>the</strong> Pei-ho it frequentlyran two <strong>and</strong> two <strong>and</strong> a half knots, but far south it wassometimes hardly perceptible; it is worthy <strong>of</strong> notice, <strong>to</strong>o,that <strong>the</strong> perpendicular rise <strong>and</strong> fall decreased from ten feet<strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> Pei-ho, <strong>to</strong> one, or at most two feet, in <strong>the</strong> bot<strong>to</strong>m <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> Gulf.The most sou<strong>the</strong>rn point <strong>of</strong> our track was 37° 15' north;at this time we could perceive <strong>the</strong> low <strong>coast</strong> stretching <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>east <strong>and</strong> <strong>west</strong>; <strong>the</strong> distance it is difficult <strong>to</strong> assign veryaccurately, but it was probably seven or eight miles, forAPPENDIX. viiwith a glass we could perceive a number <strong>of</strong> people on <strong>the</strong>shore. I <strong>to</strong>ok great pains <strong>to</strong> ascertain <strong>the</strong> latitude statedabove, by <strong>the</strong> meridian altitudes <strong>of</strong> several stars; <strong>the</strong>longitude is 1* 39' east <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Pei-ho,. or 119° 28' east <strong>of</strong>Greenwich.The <strong>coast</strong> from <strong>the</strong> south-<strong>west</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Gulf <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> south-easternpeninsula <strong>of</strong> Teu-choo-foo, is <strong>of</strong> a <strong>to</strong>tally different character fr°m<strong>the</strong>oPP°site.from that opposite <strong>to</strong> it, for it is high, <strong>and</strong> well marked : arange <strong>of</strong> mountains stretches from south-<strong>west</strong> <strong>to</strong> north-east,at <strong>the</strong> distance <strong>of</strong> three or four leagues inl<strong>and</strong>; <strong>the</strong>ir outlineis peaked, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>y are intersected by deep ravines withoutany verdure ; <strong>the</strong> summits are also barren.One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se mountains is very remarkable, having two M»uut EJJ;S.peaks or paps by which it can be distinguished at <strong>the</strong>distance <strong>of</strong> fifty miles, <strong>and</strong> bears <strong>the</strong> same aspect whenviewed from all parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Gulf. It lies in 37° 6' north,<strong>and</strong> 2° 11' east <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Pei-ho, or 120° east <strong>of</strong> Greenwich. Ithas been called Mount Ellis, in honour <strong>of</strong> Mr. Ellis, <strong>the</strong> thirdcommissioner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Embassy. ,Between this range <strong>of</strong> hills <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> shore, <strong>the</strong>re is a lower Aspect <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>i ., <strong>coast</strong>.belt <strong>of</strong> elevated ground in a state <strong>of</strong> high cultivation, coveredwith many <strong>to</strong>wns <strong>and</strong> villages, <strong>and</strong> interspersed with scattered trees <strong>and</strong> several extensive woods; .<strong>the</strong> ground, <strong>to</strong>o,presents a varied surface, so that <strong>the</strong> whole <strong>of</strong>fers a pleasingcontrastwith <strong>the</strong> rugged l<strong>and</strong> behind. There are two smallisl<strong>and</strong>s on this line <strong>of</strong> <strong>coast</strong>; <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn one lies in 37° 2l'north, <strong>and</strong> 2° 5' east <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Pei-ho; <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r is in 37° 28' J«»*iae.north, <strong>and</strong> 2° 19' east <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Pei-ho. Dougia8 isl<strong>and</strong>.There is a dangerous shoal about five leagues <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong>s»ore, abreast <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se isl<strong>and</strong>s, upon which <strong>the</strong> Lyra nearly
vmAPPENDIX.APPENDIX.ixSoundings <strong>and</strong>lidos.Winds.int.Teu-choo-foocity.Chea<strong>to</strong>w Bay.struck at midnight on <strong>the</strong> 17th instant. When at anchorjust outside <strong>the</strong> shoal, <strong>the</strong> south isl<strong>and</strong> bore south 20° east,<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r, east 21° south; on <strong>the</strong> shoal <strong>the</strong>re was two<strong>and</strong> a half fathoms, hard bot<strong>to</strong>m. It seems <strong>to</strong> extend in anorth <strong>and</strong> south direction, <strong>and</strong> is very narrow. It lies in37° 32' north, which I ascertained by altitudes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> polestar, under favourable circumstances. It is 1° 58' 30" east <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> Pei-ho.The soundings on this side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Gulf are somewhatdeeper than on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r, but not so deep as might have beenexpected from <strong>the</strong> bold nature <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> l<strong>and</strong>. The ebb tideruns <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> north-eastward, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> flood in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Gulf.The wind was south-east <strong>and</strong> quite light, from <strong>the</strong> llthAugust <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> 17th, when it shifted <strong>to</strong> north north-east tillabout eight P.M. when close in shore near <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>two isl<strong>and</strong>s; it <strong>the</strong>n blew <strong>of</strong>f, with all <strong>the</strong> appearance <strong>of</strong> aregular l<strong>and</strong> breeze. On <strong>the</strong> 19th it blew a gale <strong>of</strong> windfrom <strong>the</strong> north-east, with a short, high sea; during <strong>the</strong> galewe lay at anchor <strong>of</strong>f a remarkable point, connected with <strong>the</strong>main l<strong>and</strong> by a low s<strong>and</strong>y neck; <strong>the</strong> ground felt s<strong>of</strong>t <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>lead, but it was probably rocky under <strong>the</strong> mud, as bothships lost a bower anchor by <strong>the</strong> cables being cut. Thispoint lies in 37° 42' north, <strong>and</strong> 2° 35' east <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Pei-ho.We found <strong>the</strong> city <strong>of</strong> Teu-choo-foo <strong>to</strong> lie in 3° 4' east <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> Pei-ho. The latitude observed in Teu-choo-foo roadswas 37° 53' north, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> longitude 2° 54' east <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>Pei-ho. The <strong>west</strong>ern Mea<strong>to</strong>w Isl<strong>and</strong> bearing north.The latitude <strong>of</strong> a small isl<strong>and</strong> at <strong>the</strong> north-east corner <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> Bay <strong>of</strong> Chea<strong>to</strong>w or Zee-a-<strong>to</strong>w, was determined by <strong>the</strong>sun's meridian altitude on shore, <strong>to</strong> be 37° 35' 52 north,<strong>and</strong> longitude east <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Pei-ho 3° 45', or in 121° 34' east<strong>of</strong> Greenwich.The latitude <strong>of</strong> Oei-hai-oei was observed on shore <strong>to</strong> be od-hai-oei.37° 30' 40" north, <strong>and</strong> lies 4° 25' east <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Pei-ho.The variation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> compass in <strong>the</strong> Yellow Sea was variation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>compass.found <strong>to</strong> be 2° 16" <strong>west</strong>erly.The rise <strong>and</strong> fall <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tide at <strong>the</strong> anchorage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>squadron <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> Pei-ho was twelve feet. It was high waterat full, <strong>and</strong> change at III. The flood tide runs <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><strong>west</strong>-south-<strong>west</strong>, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> ebb generally about east <strong>and</strong> eastsouth-east.Its strength <strong>and</strong> direction are a good dealinfluenced by <strong>the</strong> prevalent winds.
NOTICE TO ACCOMPANY THE CHARTTHE WEST COAST OF COREA.% Inadequate timeallowed for soextensive a survey.General remarks'survey.THIS chart extends from 34° <strong>to</strong> 38° north latitude, <strong>and</strong>from 124° <strong>to</strong> 127° east longitude. The time <strong>of</strong> our stay on<strong>the</strong> <strong>coast</strong> being only nine days, no great accuracy is <strong>to</strong> beexpected, <strong>and</strong> this chart pretends <strong>to</strong> be little more than aneye-draught, checked by chronometers <strong>and</strong> meridian altitudes<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sun <strong>and</strong> stars. Under circumstances <strong>of</strong> such haste,much has unavoidably been left un<strong>to</strong>uched, <strong>and</strong> what isnow given is presented with no great confidence.What follows is extracted from notes made at <strong>the</strong> timeby Mr. Clifford <strong>and</strong> myself. The longitudes by chronometerhave all been carefully recomputed, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> greatest carewas taken in ascertaining <strong>the</strong> various latitudes. Thetrue bearings are in every instance set down, <strong>the</strong> variationbeing allowed for at <strong>the</strong> moment. The variation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>compass recorded in this notice, was determined by twoazimuth compasses, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> method recommended byCaptain Flinders, <strong>of</strong> repeating <strong>the</strong> observations by turning<strong>the</strong> compass first one way <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r, was invariablyfollowed.
APPENDIX. XIHis Majesty's ships Alceste <strong>and</strong> Lyra, after quitting <strong>the</strong> The shipsport <strong>of</strong> Oei-hai-oei, which is in latitude 37° 30' 40" north,<strong>and</strong> longitude 122° 16' east, on <strong>the</strong> north <strong>coast</strong> <strong>of</strong> ShantungPromon<strong>to</strong>ry, s<strong>to</strong>od <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> northward <strong>and</strong> eastward till inlatitude 38° north, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n ran <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> eastward. On <strong>the</strong> Make <strong>the</strong> <strong>coast</strong>morning <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 1st <strong>of</strong> September, 1816, we saAv <strong>the</strong> l<strong>and</strong>,bearing about east. By sights with chronometer on <strong>the</strong>meridian <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se isl<strong>and</strong>s, we ascertained that <strong>the</strong> <strong>west</strong> end<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn one lies in 124° 44i' east. The latitude <strong>of</strong> f0 **s Hali's<strong>the</strong> south end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eastern isl<strong>and</strong> was ascertained bymeridian altitude <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sun <strong>to</strong> be 37° 441' north. There isa rocky white islot <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> <strong>west</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> middle isl<strong>and</strong>.We had from twenty <strong>to</strong> thirty fathoms on rounding <strong>the</strong>south-<strong>west</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s, but on <strong>the</strong> south side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>sou<strong>the</strong>rn one <strong>the</strong>re is a bight with seven fathoms, black s<strong>and</strong>in <strong>the</strong> centre : here we anchored. There is good anchorage Anchorage onn 11 1-1-11 if 11-1 <strong>the</strong> south side <strong>of</strong>all over <strong>the</strong> bay, which is sheltered rrorn all winds except an isl<strong>and</strong>.between <strong>west</strong> south-<strong>west</strong> <strong>and</strong> south-east, being open <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>southward. There are two villages here. From <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>highest peak on this isl<strong>and</strong>, which is about seven or eighthundred feet high, we could discern <strong>the</strong> main l<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> Corea,high <strong>and</strong> rugged, stretching north north-<strong>west</strong> <strong>and</strong> southsouth-east, distant from eight <strong>to</strong> ten leagues. Along <strong>the</strong><strong>coast</strong> abreast <strong>of</strong> us <strong>the</strong>re were seen many isl<strong>and</strong>s. Thechannel between <strong>the</strong> middle isl<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> group <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> onewe were upon appeared clear <strong>and</strong> broad ; but <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn<strong>and</strong> middle isl<strong>and</strong>s seemed connected by a reef which shewsabove water at several places.The inhabitants were suspicious <strong>and</strong> unfriendly : we character <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>1 J inhabitant!.saw some cattle <strong>and</strong> many fowls, but nei<strong>the</strong>r money nor any-'IS
XllLose sight <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> <strong>coast</strong>.Group <strong>of</strong> fiveisl<strong>and</strong>s.Bearings.Run among <strong>the</strong>isl<strong>and</strong>s.Bearings. -APPENDIX.thing else that we had could induce <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong> part wi<strong>the</strong>i<strong>the</strong>r.In <strong>the</strong> evening we weighed <strong>and</strong> s<strong>to</strong>od <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> southward;next morning <strong>the</strong>re was no l<strong>and</strong> in sight. At noon we werein longitude 124° 47' 52" east, <strong>and</strong> latitude 36° 44i' north,no l<strong>and</strong> in sight. We hauled in shore <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> eastward, <strong>and</strong>anchored in <strong>the</strong> night in deep water.3rd <strong>of</strong> September.—Weighed at 3.30 <strong>and</strong> s<strong>to</strong>od in shore;at 7- 45 A. M. we were due south <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>west</strong>ern <strong>of</strong> a group<strong>of</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s. Many sights were taken as we passed <strong>to</strong> settle<strong>the</strong> place <strong>of</strong> this group : it lies between 125° 42s' east, <strong>and</strong>125° 57*' east, <strong>and</strong> in latitude 36° 44' north. After passingthis group we s<strong>to</strong>od <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> south-east <strong>to</strong>wards a vast cluster<strong>of</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s : at noon, when we were just entering <strong>the</strong> cluster,<strong>the</strong> latitude was observed 36° 18' 21" north, <strong>and</strong> longitude126° 10' east. The south-<strong>west</strong> extreme <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s boresouth 40° <strong>west</strong>. There were eight isl<strong>and</strong>s near us betweensouth-east <strong>and</strong> south-<strong>west</strong>, <strong>and</strong> a high bluff dark rock southone-quarter east, four miles: <strong>and</strong> on <strong>the</strong> main l<strong>and</strong> a veryhigh hill, east 19° north. When we had got well among<strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s it fell calm, <strong>and</strong> we anchored in eight <strong>and</strong> a halffathoms. It remained calm during <strong>the</strong> night.4th <strong>of</strong> September.—Weighed on a breeze springing up,<strong>and</strong> s<strong>to</strong>od in shore. Observed in 36° 13' north, longitude126° 30* east; at this time <strong>the</strong> following bearings weretaken.A remarkable peak 011 <strong>the</strong> main l<strong>and</strong>, east.High mountain on <strong>the</strong> main l<strong>and</strong>, east 381° north.White cliff on <strong>the</strong> east end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fourth isl<strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>left <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> wide entrance in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> cluster, north.APPENDIX. XlllSmall round isl<strong>and</strong>, north 30° <strong>west</strong>.Ano<strong>the</strong>r, north 35° <strong>west</strong>.Extremes <strong>of</strong> a large bluff isl<strong>and</strong> from north 38° <strong>west</strong>, <strong>to</strong>north 32 5° <strong>west</strong>.Rock, north 72° <strong>west</strong>.Outer isl<strong>and</strong>, north 75° <strong>west</strong>.Extremes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> outer cluster, from north 77J <strong>west</strong>, <strong>to</strong><strong>west</strong> 1° south.Large isl<strong>and</strong>, from <strong>west</strong> 14° 30' south, <strong>to</strong> <strong>west</strong> 18° south.These isl<strong>and</strong>s being within from ten <strong>to</strong> fifteen miles,were laid down by estimated distances, but it was quite impossible <strong>to</strong> assign places <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> immense number <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rswhich stretched away <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> south <strong>and</strong> south-east, asfar as <strong>the</strong> eye could reach. We s<strong>to</strong>od in shore for <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> discovering whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong>re was any place <strong>of</strong> shelterin <strong>the</strong> main l<strong>and</strong>, but in general it proved shallow <strong>and</strong>unsafe. At length we discovered a bay which promised Basil's Bay.shelter, but on running in<strong>to</strong> it, <strong>the</strong> depth was found not <strong>to</strong>exceed three or four fathoms. This bay is open <strong>to</strong>wards<strong>the</strong> south, <strong>and</strong> is formed by a curved <strong>to</strong>ngue <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong> on <strong>the</strong>north <strong>and</strong> <strong>west</strong>. The longitude <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> south end <strong>of</strong> thispoint is 126° 42' 22" east, <strong>and</strong> latitude 36° 7' 38" north.We remained here during <strong>the</strong> night, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> forenoon <strong>of</strong>.<strong>the</strong> 5th. The natives came on board, but made great ob- unsocial du-7 e position <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>jections <strong>to</strong> our l<strong>and</strong>ing. inhabitants.The tide rose <strong>and</strong> fell fifteen feet <strong>and</strong> a half; it was lowwater at 8 P. M., <strong>and</strong> high water at 2. 30 A. M. This wastwo <strong>and</strong> a half days before full moon.The Alceste's boats were sent <strong>to</strong> sound in <strong>the</strong> easternquarter, but <strong>the</strong>y found shoal water every where.
xiy APPENDIX.Proceed <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> 5th <strong>of</strong> September.—At 11 A. M. we got under weighsouth-<strong>west</strong>ward. 111 i<strong>and</strong> s<strong>to</strong>od <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> south-<strong>west</strong> among <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s, carryingseven, eight, nine, ten, <strong>to</strong> fifteen fathoms, <strong>and</strong> occasionallydeepening <strong>to</strong> seventeen fathoms. At 4. 45 we observed inlongitude 126° 24i' east, <strong>and</strong> latitude 35° 52' north at thistime.Bearings. TWO isl<strong>and</strong>s bore north half east, seven miles.A remarkable small black isl<strong>and</strong>, <strong>west</strong> 32°, north fourmiles.Ano<strong>the</strong>r, <strong>west</strong> 22° north, seven miles.A range <strong>of</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s, from east 10° north, <strong>to</strong> east 16° south.A long isl<strong>and</strong>, from south 25° east, <strong>to</strong> south 11° east.The isl<strong>and</strong>s <strong>of</strong>f which we anchored on trie 2nd instantbearing about north 10° <strong>west</strong>.Two isl<strong>and</strong>s, from south 16° <strong>west</strong>, <strong>to</strong> south 25° <strong>west</strong>.Main l<strong>and</strong>. rf\ie main l<strong>and</strong> from south south-east <strong>to</strong> north-east, high<strong>and</strong> rugged. /We had a sea brefeze <strong>to</strong>-day, <strong>and</strong> fine wea<strong>the</strong>r. Variation 2° 10' <strong>west</strong>erly. We ran on by moonlight till IIP. M.,<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n anchored among <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s. Latitude, observedby Polaris 35° 26' north. Longitude, at anchor by chronometer next morning 126° 23' 22" east. From this spot<strong>the</strong> main l<strong>and</strong> was seen from east 12° north, <strong>to</strong> south 20°east.Bearings. A rock, <strong>west</strong> 7° south, four miles.An isl<strong>and</strong>, from <strong>west</strong> 15° north, <strong>to</strong> <strong>west</strong> 31° north, 4i'.Three isl<strong>and</strong>s, extending from <strong>west</strong> 36° south, <strong>to</strong> <strong>west</strong>45° south, 3'.Two distant ones in <strong>the</strong> same direction.Cluster <strong>of</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s, from <strong>west</strong> 64° south, <strong>to</strong> <strong>west</strong> 84i° south.APPENDIX. xvLarge isl<strong>and</strong>, north 12° <strong>west</strong>, ten or twelve miles.A cluster <strong>of</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s, from north 15° east, <strong>to</strong> north 28°east.Two distant isl<strong>and</strong>s, north 32° east.Two o<strong>the</strong>rs, north 42° east.6th <strong>of</strong> September.—Weighed <strong>and</strong> s<strong>to</strong>od <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> southward. At noon observed in 35 17' north, longitude 126° 28£east, being <strong>the</strong>n in <strong>the</strong> centre <strong>of</strong> a semicircle <strong>of</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s,extending from north-east <strong>to</strong> south-east <strong>and</strong> south-<strong>west</strong>.During <strong>the</strong> forenoon <strong>the</strong> flood tide set strong <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> northnorth-east against us. Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> channels between <strong>the</strong> channels be-0 tween<strong>the</strong>isl<strong>and</strong>sisl<strong>and</strong>s were deep, but <strong>to</strong>-day we tried one which had not ecnera% deepmorethan five <strong>and</strong> a half fathoms. At 4. 30. <strong>to</strong>ok sights,when a long bluff isl<strong>and</strong> bore east north-east a quarter <strong>of</strong> amile. Longitude 126° 6' 37" east; latitude 35° tf north.This isl<strong>and</strong> is <strong>the</strong> most <strong>west</strong>erly <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> range <strong>of</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>swhich lie between <strong>the</strong> latitude 35° <strong>and</strong> 36° north. High <strong>and</strong>connected l<strong>and</strong> was faintly discernible <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> eastward.The soundings were generally from nine <strong>to</strong> fifteen fathoms, deepening in most cases on approaching <strong>the</strong> bluffisl<strong>and</strong>s.7th <strong>of</strong> September.—We anchored last night about ten Rood tide nms0 <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> north-O'clock in seventeen fathoms; <strong>the</strong> flood tide had made; it wardrannorth nearly three miles an hour, till four A. M. whenwe got under weigh, <strong>and</strong> drifted fast <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> southward with<strong>the</strong> ebb. At 9- 30. got sights, which gave longitude125° 52' 45" east, latitude 34° 42' north; at this time a veryremarkable hill on an isl<strong>and</strong> bore east 8° south; it has <strong>the</strong> Windsorcastie.appearance <strong>of</strong> a turret or large chimney. The o<strong>the</strong>r bearingsfrom this spot were—iI
xviBearings.soundings.compass.Bearings.APPENDIX.Western extreme <strong>of</strong> a large isl<strong>and</strong> stretching <strong>west</strong> north<strong>west</strong>, <strong>and</strong> east south-east; north 27% east 4 or 5'.Round rock, north 18° east, 8'.Cluster <strong>of</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s from north 50° <strong>west</strong>, <strong>to</strong> north 74° <strong>west</strong>.Round bluff small isl<strong>and</strong>, <strong>west</strong> 9° south.Large isl<strong>and</strong>, <strong>west</strong> 429 south, 7 or eight leagues.. Two small distant isl<strong>and</strong>s, <strong>west</strong> 53° south, 10' leagues.Small isl<strong>and</strong>, south 11° east.Extreme <strong>of</strong> distant l<strong>and</strong>, south 37° east: besides, asusual, innumerable distant isl<strong>and</strong>s. The flood tide madeagainst us between ten <strong>and</strong> eleven. The soundings thismorning have been from twenty-three <strong>to</strong> nineteen fathoms.The wea<strong>the</strong>r extremely hot <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> water smooth. Theebb made about four, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>re being no wind, it carried usrapidly <strong>to</strong>wards some rocks joining two isl<strong>and</strong>s. We anchored in twenty-one fathoms. The variation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> compass21° <strong>west</strong>erly. The bearings at anchor this evening were asfollows:Small isl<strong>and</strong>, south 3° 22' east.Large isl<strong>and</strong>, from south <strong>to</strong> south 20s0 east.A small isl<strong>and</strong>, south 22° east.Ano<strong>the</strong>r, south 285" east.High bluff isl<strong>and</strong>, south 31° east.Isl<strong>and</strong> from south 9° east, <strong>to</strong> south 18° <strong>west</strong>.Sharp peaked rock, south 25° 40' <strong>west</strong>.Isl<strong>and</strong> from south 63° <strong>west</strong>, <strong>to</strong> south 65° <strong>west</strong>.Distant isl<strong>and</strong>, from south 631° <strong>west</strong>, <strong>to</strong> south 66° <strong>west</strong>,nine or ten leagues.Distant small isl<strong>and</strong>, <strong>west</strong> 1° 10' north, seven or eightleagues.APPENDIX. x-vnDistant isl<strong>and</strong>, from <strong>west</strong> 6° 39' north, <strong>to</strong> <strong>west</strong> 9° north, Bearings.formed <strong>of</strong> one large flat space <strong>and</strong> five hummocks, eight ornipe leagues.Isl<strong>and</strong>, <strong>west</strong> 28° 50' north.Large isl<strong>and</strong>, from <strong>west</strong> 31" north, <strong>to</strong> <strong>west</strong> 38° 19' north.Round bluff isl<strong>and</strong>, <strong>of</strong>f which we observed at noon<strong>to</strong>-day, <strong>west</strong> 39° 52' north.Distant small isl<strong>and</strong>, <strong>west</strong> 44°28'north, four or five leagues.Large isl<strong>and</strong>, from <strong>west</strong> 71° north, <strong>to</strong> <strong>west</strong> 81° 30' north.An isl<strong>and</strong>, afterwards called Thistle Isl<strong>and</strong>, south 79°east, <strong>to</strong> east 14° 52 north, besides numberless isl<strong>and</strong>s, inthick clusters, extending as far as <strong>the</strong> eye could reach, in <strong>the</strong>north-east <strong>and</strong> east quarters. In <strong>the</strong> afternoon a boat wentinside Thistle Isl<strong>and</strong>, <strong>and</strong> reported that <strong>the</strong>re was a clearanchorage.8th <strong>of</strong> September.—At noon we weighed <strong>and</strong> sailed round saa in<strong>to</strong> MOT<strong>the</strong>north end <strong>of</strong> Thistle Isl<strong>and</strong>, carrying seventeen fathoms,till <strong>the</strong> north end bore south; we <strong>the</strong>n shoaled <strong>to</strong> ten <strong>and</strong>eleven, <strong>and</strong> one cast nine fathoms. On rounding <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>we steered south, <strong>and</strong> anchored in eleven fathoms, s<strong>of</strong>tbot<strong>to</strong>m, about four hundred yards from <strong>the</strong> middle part <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>. The isl<strong>and</strong>s at this place are so situated as t<strong>of</strong>orm a capacious <strong>and</strong> secure anchorage, with passagesamong <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s in all directions. The latitude observed Latitude observedon shore.with an artificial horizon on shore, was 34° 22' 39" north; longitude by mean <strong>of</strong> two chronometers, agreeing nearly, Longitude.126° 2' 52" east. The tides run at <strong>the</strong> springs at <strong>the</strong> rate <strong>of</strong> Tides.three <strong>and</strong> four knots, <strong>the</strong> flood <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> north north-east; <strong>the</strong>rise <strong>and</strong> fall is fifteen feet. Strong eddies are felt among<strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s. The variation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> compass is 2° 30' <strong>west</strong>erly, variation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>compass.
XVJ11Appearance <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> AmherstIsles, from <strong>the</strong><strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> a peakedisl<strong>and</strong>.Difficulty <strong>of</strong> estimating <strong>the</strong>number <strong>of</strong>isl<strong>and</strong>s on this<strong>coast</strong>.Winds <strong>and</strong>wea<strong>the</strong>r.Barometer <strong>and</strong><strong>the</strong>rmometer.APPENDIX.On <strong>the</strong> 9th <strong>of</strong> September Captain Maxwell <strong>and</strong> a partywent <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> summit <strong>of</strong> a high peak, on an isl<strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>south-east <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ships, in latitude 34° 20' north, <strong>and</strong> longitude 126° 6' east. From this spot, elevated about sevenor eight hundred feet above <strong>the</strong> sea, <strong>the</strong> view <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>swas very striking: we endeavoured <strong>to</strong> number <strong>the</strong>m, bu<strong>to</strong>ur <strong>account</strong>s varied, owing <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> difficulty <strong>of</strong> estimating<strong>the</strong> number in <strong>the</strong> distant groups; it will serve, however, <strong>to</strong>give some idea <strong>of</strong> this splendid scene, <strong>to</strong> say that <strong>the</strong> lo<strong>west</strong>enumeration gave one hundred <strong>and</strong> twenty isl<strong>and</strong>s.Many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se isl<strong>and</strong>s are large <strong>and</strong> high, almost all arecultivated, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir forms present an endless diversity.High l<strong>and</strong> was seen <strong>to</strong> rise above <strong>the</strong> distant isl<strong>and</strong>s in<strong>the</strong> east <strong>and</strong> north-east; this probably was <strong>the</strong> main l<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong>Corea, for it seemed more extensive <strong>and</strong> connected thanany group <strong>of</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s we had seen.We had now ran along upwards <strong>of</strong> two hundred miles <strong>of</strong>this <strong>coast</strong>, <strong>and</strong> at every part which we approached, <strong>the</strong>isl<strong>and</strong>s were no less thickly sown than here; so that ourattempts <strong>to</strong> enumerate <strong>the</strong>m all, or even <strong>to</strong> assign places on<strong>the</strong> chart <strong>to</strong> those which we passed <strong>the</strong> nearest <strong>to</strong>, becameafter a time quite hopeless.During our stay upon <strong>the</strong> <strong>coast</strong> <strong>of</strong> Corea, between <strong>the</strong>1st <strong>and</strong> 10th <strong>of</strong> September, <strong>the</strong> winds were principallyfrom <strong>the</strong> northward; <strong>the</strong> wea<strong>the</strong>r was moderate <strong>and</strong> clear;<strong>and</strong> occasionally calm during <strong>the</strong> heat <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> day.The barometer rose <strong>and</strong> fell gradually between 29- 78-<strong>and</strong> 29. 98. The <strong>the</strong>rmometer was never above 82°, <strong>and</strong>never, even at night, under 72°. For fur<strong>the</strong>r details respecting <strong>the</strong> winds <strong>and</strong> wea<strong>the</strong>r, see <strong>the</strong> Meteorological Journal-I"-
NOTICE TO ACCOMPANY THE GENERAL CHARTOFTHE GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND,AND THECHARTS OF NAPAKIANG, AND PORT MELVILLE.GREATLOOCHOOTHIS isl<strong>and</strong> is called Loo-choo, <strong>and</strong> sometimes Doo-choo, Different names. ., ,. T ., . -, ... , . <strong>of</strong>thisisl<strong>and</strong>.by <strong>the</strong> natives. In our maps it is variously written, butmostly Lekayo: <strong>the</strong> Chinese know it by <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> Lowkow.The spelling used by Mr. Horsburgh in his directions,Lieou-kieou, or Lieu-chew.The isl<strong>and</strong> lies between 26° 4^' <strong>and</strong> 26° 52i', north, <strong>and</strong> Geographicallimits <strong>and</strong> gebetween127° 34' <strong>and</strong> 128° 18' east, being very nearly sixty ""^aspect.miles long in a north-east direction, <strong>and</strong> preserving a <strong>to</strong>lerablyuniform breadth <strong>of</strong> about ten or twelve miles. The nor<strong>the</strong>nd is high <strong>and</strong> bold, with wood on <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hills.The north-east <strong>coast</strong> is also abrupt, but quite barren. Thesouth-east side is low, with very little appearance <strong>of</strong> cultivation. The south, south-<strong>west</strong>, <strong>and</strong> <strong>west</strong>ern faces, particularly <strong>the</strong> two former, are <strong>of</strong> moderate height, <strong>and</strong> presenta scene <strong>of</strong> great fertility <strong>and</strong> high cultivation : it is <strong>to</strong> thisquarter that <strong>the</strong> mass <strong>of</strong> population have resorted. Thenorth-<strong>west</strong> side is generally rugged <strong>and</strong> bare.There are two deep indentures, one on each side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Deep bay.isl<strong>and</strong>; that on <strong>the</strong> <strong>west</strong> has at least one hundred fathoms_ ___T——T- ' '-^-
XXAPPENDIX.411Barrow's Bay.General cautionrespecting coralreefs.Sugar Loaf orEegooshcoond.Two safe anchoring places.Geographicalposition <strong>of</strong>Napakiang.depth, <strong>and</strong> appears <strong>to</strong> have no coral in it: while <strong>the</strong> easternbight is extremely shallow, <strong>and</strong> is not only skirted by abroad fringe <strong>of</strong> coral, but has reefs in <strong>the</strong> centre; <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>selast are very dangerous, for <strong>the</strong>y give no warning ei<strong>the</strong>r bybreakers or discoloration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> water, or by soundings:<strong>and</strong> this remark will apply generally <strong>to</strong> all <strong>the</strong> reefs roundthis isl<strong>and</strong>, rendering <strong>the</strong> navigation, particularly at night,very dangerous.The most remarkable headl<strong>and</strong> is <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong> calledby Captain Brough<strong>to</strong>n <strong>the</strong> Sugar Loaf, <strong>and</strong> by <strong>the</strong> natives Eegooshcoond (<strong>to</strong>wer or castle); it can be seendistinctly at <strong>the</strong> distance <strong>of</strong> twenty-five miles when <strong>the</strong> eyeis elevated only fifteen feet. It is a high conical mountain,varying very little in its aspect when viewed from differentquarters: as <strong>the</strong>re is no o<strong>the</strong>r peak like it on or near thisisl<strong>and</strong>, it cannot be mistaken. The latitude <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> peak is26° 43' north; <strong>and</strong> I have reason <strong>to</strong> believe that this iswithin one mile <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> truth. Its longitude is 127° 44', or6' east <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> observa<strong>to</strong>ry at Napakiang, by two chronometers. The base <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cone <strong>and</strong> one-third <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> way upis covered with houses; <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> whole isl<strong>and</strong> has <strong>the</strong>appearance <strong>of</strong> a garden. When nearly on <strong>the</strong> meridian ot<strong>the</strong> Sugar Loaf its <strong>to</strong>p seems rounded <strong>of</strong>f.There are two places where ships can ride in safety,Napakiang Roads on <strong>the</strong> south-Avest, <strong>and</strong> Port Melville on<strong>the</strong> north-<strong>west</strong> side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>. The first <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se is <strong>the</strong>one in which his majesty's ships Alceste <strong>and</strong> Lyra lay forupwards <strong>of</strong> a month. By means <strong>of</strong> a base <strong>of</strong> 1319 feet ona coral reef, which dried at half ebb, we were enabled <strong>to</strong>make <strong>the</strong> survey which accompanies this notice. The,1I:I
HIAPPENDIX. xxiThe test Passagelatitude <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> observa<strong>to</strong>ry was determined <strong>to</strong> be 26° 13'34" north, <strong>the</strong> mean <strong>of</strong> three meridian altitudes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sunby a sextant <strong>of</strong> Gary's, <strong>and</strong> five by a circle <strong>of</strong> Trough<strong>to</strong>n's,<strong>the</strong> extreme difference being 20". The longitude is 127°38' east; this was ascertained by measuring <strong>the</strong> difference<strong>of</strong> longitude between <strong>the</strong> observa<strong>to</strong>ry <strong>and</strong> Lintin Isl<strong>and</strong><strong>of</strong>f Can<strong>to</strong>n river in a run <strong>of</strong> six days; on which occasiontwo chronometers on board <strong>the</strong> Lyra gave within one mile<strong>the</strong> same difference <strong>of</strong> longitude, viz. 13° 50', with that shewnby two o<strong>the</strong>rs on board his majesty's ship Alceste; <strong>the</strong>longitude <strong>of</strong> Lintin being 113° 48' east <strong>of</strong> Greenwich. Thelongitude, by lunar observations, is 127° 37' 28". The plan Plan <strong>of</strong><strong>of</strong> Napakiang roads will be found sufficient without manydirections for ships wishing <strong>to</strong> enter it. The principal danger Directions on1 ° " * * ° approachinglies in <strong>the</strong> outer reefs, which do not show when <strong>the</strong> wea<strong>the</strong>r NaPaMan&is very fine arid <strong>the</strong>re is little swell; on such occasions aboat ought <strong>to</strong> go a-head at least a quarter <strong>of</strong> a mile, <strong>and</strong><strong>the</strong> ship should put about instantly upon approaching <strong>the</strong>reefs, which are every where bold. A ship coming from Reef isl<strong>and</strong>.<strong>the</strong> <strong>west</strong>ward ought <strong>to</strong> steer between <strong>the</strong> north-eastern <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> group <strong>of</strong> high isl<strong>and</strong>s <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> south-<strong>west</strong>ward, <strong>and</strong> a lowgreen isl<strong>and</strong> with extensive reefs <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> northward, in latitude 26° 15' north. On passing which she should haulup east by south, giving Reef Isl<strong>and</strong> a birth <strong>of</strong> at least amile.On approaching <strong>the</strong> main l<strong>and</strong> a conspicuous wooded Directions forr * ° _ _ entering Napapointwill be seen, having rocks on its summit like <strong>the</strong> ruins kians roads<strong>of</strong>an abbey; this forms <strong>the</strong> south side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> anchorage,<strong>and</strong> is considerably more <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>west</strong>ward than <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>ast side. The harbour <strong>of</strong> Napakiang will soon be seen at<strong>the</strong> south side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bay; steer directly in for this, giving,
xxn APPENDIX.Abbey Point a birth <strong>of</strong> half a mile, <strong>and</strong> when directly between <strong>the</strong> south end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> outer reefs <strong>and</strong> Abbey Pointcapstan Rock, haul up east by north. There is a very remarkable rock on<strong>the</strong> south-east side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> anchorage resembling <strong>the</strong> head<strong>of</strong> a capstan. It would be safest <strong>to</strong> anchor when this bearsabout south-south-east half a mile at most, in order <strong>to</strong> avoida dangerous coral <strong>to</strong>ngue, which lies north a little easterlyfrom it, three-quarters <strong>of</strong> a mile; but as this anchorage isexposed, <strong>the</strong> ship may proceed far<strong>the</strong>r in as soon as <strong>the</strong>exact place <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> reef has been ascertained by boats; <strong>and</strong>if she proposes staying any time, she may warp in<strong>to</strong> Barnpool,taking <strong>the</strong> precaution <strong>of</strong> placing a boat on each side<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> entrance. There are two rivulets at this place, <strong>and</strong>Best anchorage<strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> mouths<strong>of</strong> two rivulets.The nor<strong>the</strong>rnentrance.Not <strong>to</strong> be attempted by astranger.probably <strong>the</strong> best anchorage is <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong>ir mouths, <strong>the</strong> bot<strong>to</strong>mconsisting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mud brought down by <strong>the</strong> stream. Thereis a well on <strong>the</strong> eastern side supplied by a spring, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>reare l<strong>and</strong>ing places at <strong>the</strong> entrance <strong>of</strong> both harbours. Thereis a safe passage between <strong>the</strong> reef, on which <strong>the</strong> base wasmeasured, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> outer ones. The Lyra passed throughthis three times; <strong>and</strong> if <strong>the</strong> object is <strong>to</strong> go <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> northwardit ought <strong>to</strong> be followed, provided <strong>the</strong> wind will admit <strong>of</strong>steering north <strong>and</strong> two points on each side <strong>of</strong> it. Theleading mark for going by this passage is Capstan Port orRock, on with a remarkable nose formed by <strong>the</strong> trees on<strong>the</strong> highest distant l<strong>and</strong>; <strong>the</strong>se are on when <strong>the</strong>y bearabout south by east half east. It would certainly not beadvisable for a stranger <strong>to</strong> enter by this passage, but hemay run on coming from <strong>the</strong> northward along <strong>the</strong> shore at<strong>the</strong> distance <strong>of</strong> two or three miles till Reef Isl<strong>and</strong> bears<strong>west</strong>, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n he should look sharply out for <strong>the</strong> reefs,keeping outside <strong>the</strong>m till near Abbey Point, <strong>the</strong>n act asAPPENDIX. xxnibefore directed. On running down <strong>to</strong>wards Napakiang Appearance <strong>of</strong>l<strong>and</strong> in comingfrom <strong>the</strong> northward a remarkable bluff table l<strong>and</strong> will be from <strong>the</strong> norttlward<strong>to</strong>wardsseen <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> southward <strong>of</strong> Abbey Point. The <strong>west</strong> face <strong>of</strong> NaP*iM>e-Abbey Point ought <strong>to</strong> be kept just on with <strong>the</strong> east end <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> table l<strong>and</strong>; this will take you fur<strong>the</strong>r out than isabsolutely necessary; but it is safe; <strong>and</strong> when Reef Isl<strong>and</strong>is just on with <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> group <strong>of</strong> distant isl<strong>and</strong>syou will be exactly <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> north entrance.On coming from <strong>the</strong> southward <strong>the</strong> only danger that Dangerous cwai& J O reef about fourlies in <strong>the</strong> way is a coral reef even with <strong>the</strong> water's edge; itis <strong>of</strong> a circular form, <strong>and</strong> at low water several rocks shewon it On every occasion that we passed <strong>the</strong> sea broke highupon it; but from what we saw <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r similar reefs, itseems very probable that when <strong>the</strong> water is smooth it willgive no warning: it is about eight miles <strong>west</strong>, 15° north <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> extreme south point <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>, <strong>and</strong> lies in latitude26° 7' north, <strong>and</strong> longitude 127° 26' east <strong>of</strong> Greenwich.Port Melville is on <strong>the</strong> north-<strong>west</strong> side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>. Port MeivA ship wishing <strong>to</strong> enter it ought <strong>to</strong> make <strong>the</strong> Sugar LoafPeak, <strong>and</strong> steer between it <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> cluster <strong>of</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>northward, directly for <strong>the</strong> bot<strong>to</strong>m <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bight, which liesbetween <strong>the</strong> Sugar Loaf <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> north end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>;here Herbert's Isl<strong>and</strong> will be seen close <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> shore, run in<strong>to</strong>wards its <strong>west</strong>ern end, anchor when it bears east one-third<strong>of</strong> a mile, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sugar Loaf <strong>west</strong> one-quarter north, barely <strong>to</strong> anchor pre-U • • i i i • -11 us <strong>to</strong>enteringsnut m with a low dark green point or l<strong>and</strong> ; here you will <strong>the</strong> harbour.have from seventeen <strong>to</strong> twenty fathoms.The entrance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> harbour is narrow, <strong>and</strong> ought not Boats should be° sent <strong>to</strong> buoy <strong>the</strong><strong>to</strong> be attempted without previous examination by <strong>the</strong> boats channel<strong>of</strong>a ship wishing <strong>to</strong> enter it. With a very little trouble <strong>the</strong>
Ill'IXXIVAPPENDIX.Eye-draught <strong>of</strong>Port Melville.passage might be buoyed: a large ship will probably findit expedient <strong>to</strong> warp in <strong>and</strong> out.The eye-draught, with <strong>the</strong> directions on itr rendermuch fur<strong>the</strong>r notice here superfluous. The harbour issecure, <strong>and</strong> sufficiently capacious for a numerous fleet. Itextends in a north <strong>and</strong> south direction for about two miles,varying in breadth <strong>and</strong> form in a very remarkable manner;at <strong>the</strong> lower or north end <strong>the</strong>re are two basons <strong>of</strong> a circularform, <strong>and</strong> have from nine <strong>to</strong> fifteen fathoms, s<strong>of</strong>t bot<strong>to</strong>m;<strong>the</strong>se are about one-third <strong>of</strong> a mile across. At some places<strong>the</strong> steep rocks which form <strong>the</strong> banks approach within anhundred yards <strong>of</strong> one ano<strong>the</strong>r; here <strong>the</strong> water is sixteen,eighteen, <strong>and</strong> twenty fathoms. There are many tine coves,some with shelving shores, <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs steep-<strong>to</strong>. Every part<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> harbour is secured from <strong>the</strong> sea, <strong>and</strong> many parts fromall winds: it is well calculated for <strong>the</strong> re-equipment <strong>of</strong> ships,for it is not only secure as an anchorage, but <strong>of</strong>fers conveniences for l<strong>and</strong>ing men <strong>and</strong> s<strong>to</strong>res, <strong>and</strong> also for heavingdown or careening a ship.There are several large villages on <strong>the</strong> shores <strong>of</strong> anextensive bay, communicating with <strong>the</strong> sea <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>astward, at <strong>the</strong> upper or south end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> line <strong>of</strong> harbours,<strong>and</strong> one called Oonting on <strong>the</strong> <strong>west</strong> side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lowerharbour; <strong>the</strong>re is ano<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> some extent, on <strong>the</strong> south side<strong>of</strong> Herbert's Isl<strong>and</strong>, called Cooee.By permission <strong>of</strong> Captain Maxwell, I have named thisexcellent harbour, Port Melville, in honour <strong>of</strong> Lord ViscountMelville, First Lord <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Admiralty.From <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> a range <strong>of</strong> hills which we ascended,rising on <strong>the</strong> south side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> upper bay <strong>of</strong> Port Melville,[ PORT JME LVIL LEn witka.doubfe fop. yt,ft a With <strong>the</strong> outer <strong>of</strong> two rocky <strong>of</strong>f" a. remarkable,t^bearitit/ SEbS.LYRAr/f>w.-Low Cultivated rangewhole <strong>of</strong> this bightfilled with reefi?.Dire c tionsThe tx>utw from <strong>the</strong> attcf<strong>to</strong>rape ^before hauling up forth*. OfFife point forming <strong>the</strong>. SE #ideare two cotirpicuoi&f round. blft£k<strong>the</strong>outerone niuftfo fee ftt on, with fAf tcp<strong>of</strong>a, distant double <strong>to</strong>pped hill, on a JfJE&f bearing, till tfajfttr<strong>to</strong>uropenj. Then haulup about JSffTaruttfeer dose along <strong>the</strong> e&rtern. s-h0reirt f,f>, 5 antLf&fiith?, Thewefternsute <strong>and</strong> wbirth may be selectedatpleasure.tamf cultivated<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> SummitIt should be / ^marked thatihe distent htyhJJountaui taken as o?ie<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> leading marfo if not <strong>the</strong> highest, but sccor&highej<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> range.
APPENDIX. xxvwe could see <strong>the</strong> south-<strong>west</strong> corner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> great <strong>west</strong>ernbay, <strong>the</strong> whole range <strong>of</strong> Port Melville, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>coast</strong>sadjacent.The latitude <strong>of</strong> Herbert's Isl<strong>and</strong>, which lies directly <strong>of</strong>f Geographicalposition <strong>of</strong> Port<strong>the</strong> entrance <strong>of</strong> Port Melville, is 26° 42-1-' north, by meridian Melvillealtitude<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sun observed on shore. Its longitude, whichis also <strong>the</strong> longitude <strong>of</strong> Port Melville, is 127° 55' east, or 17'east <strong>of</strong> Napakiang observa<strong>to</strong>ry. The Sugar Loaf bears from<strong>the</strong> centre <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>, <strong>west</strong> 4sc north, about ten miles.As <strong>the</strong> whole part <strong>of</strong> this <strong>coast</strong> is skirted by dangerous cwst skirtedr • J & by coral reefs.coral reefs, <strong>the</strong> greatest attention should be paid <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> lead,<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> ship ought <strong>to</strong> be put about <strong>the</strong> instant that <strong>the</strong> watershoals <strong>to</strong> eight, seven, or six fathoms. On running in for<strong>the</strong> <strong>west</strong> end <strong>of</strong> Herbert's Isl<strong>and</strong>, on <strong>the</strong> morning <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> llth<strong>of</strong> Oc<strong>to</strong>ber, we passed over a coral ledge having nine fathomson it. The <strong>west</strong> point <strong>of</strong> Herbert's Isl<strong>and</strong> bore at this timesouth 8° 40'<strong>west</strong>, distant four or five miles. Before <strong>and</strong> afterpassing this we had from thirty <strong>to</strong> sixty fathoms; whe<strong>the</strong>r itwas shoaler than nine fathoms at any place, was not ascertained, but <strong>the</strong> circumstance is deserving <strong>of</strong> notice, <strong>and</strong>ought <strong>to</strong> teach <strong>the</strong> necessity <strong>of</strong> constant vigilance, whennear coral reefs.The cluster <strong>of</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> northward <strong>of</strong> Port Melville Montgomeryisl<strong>and</strong>s.lies between 26° 54' <strong>and</strong> 27° 41' north, <strong>the</strong> north end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>nor<strong>the</strong>rn one being in longitude 127° 57' east, or 19, east <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> observa<strong>to</strong>ry. It does not appear that <strong>the</strong>re is anygood anchorage about <strong>the</strong>m ; <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>re are dangerous reefs<strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> south <strong>and</strong> south-<strong>west</strong>ern ones.The north end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Great Loo-choo lies in 26° 52¥ Hope Point.north, <strong>and</strong> this is probably within one, or at most two milesd111
XXVIAPPENDIX.APPENDIX.XXVH<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> truth. We observed in 27° 00' 15" north, at which time<strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn extreme bore east 59° south, nine miles byestimation, an inference which was checked by <strong>the</strong> distancerun on a direct course afterwards. The longitude is 128° 9'east, or 31'east <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> observa<strong>to</strong>ry.The <strong>coast</strong> from <strong>the</strong> north point runs south-east by east,with some minor deviations, nearly four leagues: great painswere taken <strong>to</strong> ascertain this precisely,as <strong>the</strong> former charts no<strong>to</strong>nly place it many miles fur<strong>the</strong>r north, but make <strong>the</strong> <strong>coast</strong>at this end lie east <strong>and</strong> <strong>west</strong>. The north-east point lies in26° 47' north, <strong>and</strong> longitude 128° 18' east, or 40' east <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>observa<strong>to</strong>ry. The latitude was determined by <strong>the</strong> meridianaltitude <strong>of</strong> Sirius <strong>and</strong> an altitude <strong>of</strong> Polaris, so near daylightthat <strong>the</strong> horizon was well defined; but as this point, <strong>of</strong>fwhich <strong>the</strong>re is a small isl<strong>and</strong>, was some miles north <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ship at <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> observation, <strong>the</strong> above latitude may errpossibly two miles. It was intended <strong>to</strong> have examined twoisl<strong>and</strong>s which lie <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> north-eastward <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> north point,but a strong current in <strong>the</strong> night carried us so far <strong>to</strong> leeward,that we could not effect this object; <strong>the</strong> situation, <strong>the</strong>refore,<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se two isl<strong>and</strong>s, may perhaps not be accurately laiddown in <strong>the</strong> chart.The deep indenture about <strong>the</strong> middle <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> east side<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong> is unsafe <strong>to</strong> enter during <strong>the</strong> north-east monsoon : as <strong>the</strong> wind, however, had <strong>west</strong>ing in it, we sailed up <strong>to</strong>within three or four miles <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p, carrying from thirty<strong>to</strong> twenty fathoms water; but when about <strong>to</strong> haul in for <strong>the</strong>north side, where <strong>the</strong>re appeared <strong>to</strong> be a bay, we shoaledsuddenly from twenty-four <strong>to</strong> eight fathoms: <strong>the</strong> helm wasinstantly put down, <strong>and</strong> when head <strong>to</strong> wind, we had onlyfive fathoms. While in stays <strong>the</strong> water was observed <strong>to</strong>wash on a rock not a hundred yards <strong>to</strong> leeward <strong>of</strong> us, onwhich we must infallibly have struck, had we bore upinstead <strong>of</strong> tacking.From <strong>the</strong> north-east <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> south-east point, <strong>the</strong> <strong>coast</strong> south-east <strong>coast</strong>dangerous.runs south 40° <strong>west</strong>; <strong>the</strong> shore <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> north-east <strong>of</strong> this deepbight is bold, <strong>and</strong> seems clear; that on <strong>the</strong> south-<strong>west</strong> side<strong>of</strong> it presents a formidable barrier <strong>of</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s <strong>and</strong> coral reefs,which break <strong>to</strong> a great distance: in fine wea<strong>the</strong>r this part<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>coast</strong> ought <strong>to</strong> be approached very cautiously.The sou<strong>the</strong>rn extreme <strong>of</strong> this isl<strong>and</strong> lies in latitude south Pokt.26° 4' 46" north, determined with great care by <strong>the</strong> meridianaltitude <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sun on shore; <strong>and</strong> in longitude 127° 35' east,or 3' <strong>west</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> observa<strong>to</strong>ry. There is good anchoragefrom twenty <strong>to</strong> thirty fathoms, south a little easterly, <strong>of</strong> thispoint. Between this point <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> group <strong>of</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Reet<strong>west</strong>ward, <strong>the</strong>re is a dangerous reef, already spoken <strong>of</strong>; it liesin 26° 7' north, <strong>and</strong> 127° 26' east; it bears 26' <strong>west</strong>, 15° northfrom <strong>the</strong> south point <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>, distant eight miles. Immediately round <strong>the</strong> point on <strong>the</strong> <strong>west</strong> side, <strong>the</strong>re is a shallowharbour, formed by coral reefs, but <strong>the</strong> entrance is narrow<strong>and</strong> intricate.We s<strong>to</strong>od over <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> largest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> south-<strong>west</strong> group, on south-<strong>west</strong>erngroup.<strong>the</strong> east side <strong>of</strong> which <strong>the</strong>re st<strong>and</strong>s out a conical rock,behind which it was thought that a harbour might lie, butupon examination, it proved only fit for boats; it lies in26° 11' north.Reef Isl<strong>and</strong> lies <strong>west</strong> by north, about two leagues from Reef Maud.Napakiang Roads; on <strong>the</strong> north side <strong>the</strong> reefs stretch agreat way, but <strong>the</strong> south is more clear...I* !('
xxvmAPPENDIX.Tides.Variation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>compass.Between Napakiang <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sugar Loaf <strong>the</strong>re is noplace for ships <strong>to</strong> lie in safety; <strong>the</strong> bay immediately <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>north was examined by Mr. Mayne, master <strong>of</strong> his Majesty'sship Alceste, when two shallow harbours were found.The flood runs <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> northward <strong>and</strong> eastward, alongshore, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> ebb in an opposite direction. The rise <strong>and</strong>fall is about nine feet perpendicular. High water at full <strong>and</strong>change IX.The variation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> compass, determined with greatprecision by <strong>the</strong> transit azimuth instrument, was 52'<strong>west</strong>erly.The longitude <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lyra's observa<strong>to</strong>ry at Napakiangby <strong>the</strong> mean <strong>of</strong> thirty-six lunar observations on both sides<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> moon, is 127° 37' 28" east; by four chronometers,agreeing nearly, 127° 38' 30" east. The latitude is 26° 13' 39"north.OBSERVATIONSNAPAKIANG OBSERVATORY, GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND.0 dLunars with a Sextant.O West <strong>of</strong> d26th Oc<strong>to</strong>ber, 1816.0 d25th September, 1816.127° . 38' 15" East.35 1536 1534 4533 0036 0030 4528 3032 1531 30 127° . 33' .127 . 38 3039 4541 304,4, IKTtrU J.*J44 3032 1533 0031 4531 1527 30 127°. 36'.Lunars with a Sextant.* a, Arietis, East <strong>of</strong> D4th Oc<strong>to</strong>ber, 1816.* D 127° . 31' 00" East.00003030454515304530151545374352543852505039" Mean 4140344339Mean by sextant 127 . 43 . 20 * East <strong>of</strong> DLunars by Circle.© West <strong>of</strong> ([' . ———— ,4th Oc<strong>to</strong>ber, 1816.© fl 127° . 38' . 45"16" Mean 32 . 30'! iMean by sextant 127 . 34 .58 © W. (L Mean 127 . 35 . 37 by circleMean by sextant Q *<strong>west</strong> D 127° , 34' . 58"East (L 127 . 43 . 20Mean longitude by sextantby circleO * D 127 . 39 . 90 *
xxx APPENDIX.LATITUDE OF NAPAKIANG.By Meridian Altitudes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sun <strong>and</strong> Altitudes taken near Noon.By meridian altitudes observed. By meridian altitudes deduced in <strong>the</strong>usual way from sights taken near noon.1816.1816.Sextant.17th Oct. 26°. 13'. 43"• M'| 26°. 13'. 30" circle.20th Oct. 26 . 13 . 1420th Oct.~ .13 .46)A. M.26 .13 .44j ssextf26 . 13 . 58")Circle.26th Oct. 26 .13 .29 20th Oct. . P. M.4 26 . 13 . 47 Vsext.(_ 26 .13 . 57 J22dmean2A.M.&2P.M.26 .13 . 2426th 3P.M. 26 .13 . 29circle.Latitude by mean <strong>of</strong> 3 meridian altitudes 26° . 13'. 39" sextant <strong>and</strong> circle,mean <strong>of</strong> 5 altitudes near noon 26 . 13 . 50 sextant,mean <strong>of</strong> 3 do. do. 26 . 13 . 28 circle.Mean latitude . 13 . 39 north.VARIATION OF THE COMPASS AT NAPAKIANG.The declination <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> magnetic meridian was ascertained with considerableprecision by means <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> transit azimuth instrument: <strong>the</strong> needle seldom showed<strong>the</strong> same variation, as it oscillated about ten minutes, but <strong>the</strong> mean position <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> magnetic meridian was 52' 10" <strong>west</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> true. A coral reef was selectedfor <strong>the</strong> place <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se observations, in order <strong>to</strong> avoid <strong>the</strong> attraction arising frombuildings, or from inequalities in <strong>the</strong> ground.TABLE OF OBSERVATIONSMADE WITHDR. WOLLASTON'S DIP SECTOR:WITH AN ENGRAVING, AND A DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT,AND DIRECTIONS FOR ITS USE.Variation observed on board by Walker's Azimuth Compass.29th Sept 1816, P. M. ship's head W. by S. variation by1st azimuth - 0°2nd 03rd 1 .30thAmplitude - 1 .A. M. - 1st azimuth - 0 ,2nd - - 03d Oct. A. M. ship's head E. N. E. 1st azimuth - 02nd - 0 .51'5317155534374830" <strong>west</strong>.30300030150000Variation by mean <strong>of</strong> 7 azimuths <strong>and</strong> 1 amplitude - 0 . 52 . 39 <strong>west</strong>.
•If„]EXPLANATION OF THE DIP SECTOR,Kg.J.REMARKS ON THE OBSERVATIONS MADE WITH IT IN HISMAJESTY'S SLOOP LYRA.IIN our tables for apparent dip <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> visible horizon atdifferent heights from <strong>the</strong> sea, as calculated from <strong>the</strong> knowncurvature <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> earth, allowance is made for <strong>the</strong> refraction<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> atmosphere, on a supposition <strong>of</strong> its being constant,but as it is known <strong>to</strong> vary, <strong>the</strong> tabular dip will <strong>of</strong>ten be erroneous, <strong>and</strong>, consequently, altitudes taken under differentstates <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> atmosphere, will exhibit different instead <strong>of</strong>corresponding results.It is foreign <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> present purpose <strong>to</strong> shew what <strong>the</strong>causes are which have most effect in raising or depressing<strong>the</strong> apparent horizon. It may be sufficient <strong>to</strong> mention,that changes in <strong>the</strong> relative temperature <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> air <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>sea must produce changes in <strong>the</strong> refraction near <strong>the</strong> surface.Dr. Wollas<strong>to</strong>n has published two papers in <strong>the</strong> PhilosophicalTransactions on this subject, in <strong>the</strong> volumes for 1800 <strong>and</strong>1803, <strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>se I beg <strong>to</strong> refer <strong>the</strong> reader for precise information upon this very curious subject.The object which this sec<strong>to</strong>r proposes <strong>to</strong> attain, is <strong>the</strong>actual admeasurement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dip angle; that is, <strong>to</strong> ascertainhow much <strong>the</strong> visible horizon is depressed below <strong>the</strong> horizontal plane passing through <strong>the</strong> eye <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> observer. TheNWbllas<strong>to</strong>n'f Dip
xxxivAPPENDIX.APPENDIX.XXXVinstrument is so contrived as <strong>to</strong> measure double <strong>the</strong> dipangle twice over, so that we obtain four times <strong>the</strong> required *dip, <strong>and</strong> one quarter <strong>of</strong> this angle is what must be applied<strong>to</strong> vertical angles, measured from that part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horizonwhich has been observed.Figure I. is <strong>the</strong> instrument seen in perspective, <strong>and</strong>Fig. II. is a plan <strong>of</strong> it with <strong>the</strong> telescope removed. Inorder <strong>to</strong> explain its use, let A <strong>and</strong> B (Fig. II.) represent <strong>the</strong>two reflecting glasses at right angles <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> plane <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>instrument, <strong>and</strong> also nearly at right angles <strong>to</strong> each o<strong>the</strong>r.It is clear that when <strong>the</strong> plane <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> instrument is heldvertically, an eye situated at E, <strong>and</strong> looking through <strong>the</strong>unsilvered part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> glass A at a distant point C, will at<strong>the</strong> same time see by joint reflection from both glasses,ano<strong>the</strong>r distant point D at 180° from C; <strong>and</strong> D will appear<strong>to</strong> correspond with C; if a suitable motion be given <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>index glass B by <strong>the</strong> tangent screw F.The instrument may now be supposed <strong>to</strong> measure <strong>the</strong>arc CZD. If <strong>the</strong> points C <strong>and</strong> D be each three minutesfar<strong>the</strong>r from <strong>the</strong> zenith than 90% <strong>the</strong> entire angle will <strong>the</strong>nexceed 180° by double that quantity. The relative positiont)f <strong>the</strong> glasses <strong>the</strong>n corresponds <strong>to</strong> 180° 6', <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> sixminutes <strong>of</strong> excess would be shewn on <strong>the</strong> arc at F if <strong>the</strong>rewere no index error. But, by reason <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> index error,<strong>the</strong> real quantity will not be known till a similar observation has been made with <strong>the</strong> instrument in an oppositedirection.If <strong>the</strong> instrument be now inverted, so that <strong>the</strong> unsilvered glass is uppermost, <strong>the</strong> arc intended <strong>to</strong> be measuredCND, or <strong>the</strong> sum <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> distances <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> points C <strong>and</strong> Disfrom <strong>the</strong> Nadir instead <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Zenith, which <strong>of</strong> course fallsshort <strong>of</strong> 180° by as much as <strong>the</strong> former arc exceeded thatquantity.The difference <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> two arcs is consequently twelveminutes, <strong>and</strong> if <strong>the</strong> index be now moved till <strong>the</strong> objectsC <strong>and</strong> D appear <strong>to</strong> correspond, <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong> this doubledifference will be shewn by <strong>the</strong> change <strong>of</strong> position <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>vernier.Hence it is evidently unnecessary that <strong>the</strong> index errorshould be previously known, <strong>and</strong> even preferable that itsamount, should be such as <strong>to</strong> avoid <strong>the</strong> needless introduction<strong>of</strong> negative quantities by positions on different sides <strong>of</strong>zero.In <strong>the</strong> preceding description, it is supposed that <strong>the</strong> eyeis looking directly through <strong>the</strong> unsilvered glass at <strong>the</strong>horizon, <strong>and</strong> that it also perceives <strong>the</strong> opposite horizonafter two reflections; but an inspection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> figure willshew that <strong>the</strong> observer's head would necessarily intercept<strong>the</strong> rays from <strong>the</strong> horizon behind him. To obviate this,both <strong>the</strong> direct <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> reflected rays are received in comingfrom <strong>the</strong> unsilvered glass, (<strong>and</strong> after passing through <strong>the</strong>field-glass <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> telescope) on a mirror placed at an angle <strong>of</strong>45°, which reflects <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> eye. By this ingenious contrivance, <strong>the</strong> obstruction is removed, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> opposite points<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horizon may be both seen at one moment.In practice, it is most convenient <strong>to</strong> direct <strong>the</strong> telescope<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> same part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horizon in both cases. Thus, if <strong>the</strong>east <strong>and</strong> <strong>west</strong> parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horizon be observed, <strong>and</strong> that <strong>the</strong>index glass be uppermost, <strong>and</strong> telescope pointing <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><strong>west</strong>, <strong>the</strong> observer is on <strong>the</strong> south side, <strong>and</strong> his face must^r
xxxviAPPENDIX.be turned <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> north. When <strong>the</strong> instrument is inverted,if <strong>the</strong> observer turn himself round at <strong>the</strong> same time, so as<strong>to</strong> face <strong>the</strong> south, <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> telescope will be pointed asbefore <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>west</strong>; but since <strong>the</strong> index glass is now undermost, <strong>the</strong> inferior arc will now be measured precisely as ifhis face were <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> north, but with <strong>the</strong> advantage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>same lights seen in <strong>the</strong> erect position <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> instrument.In using this instrument at sea for <strong>the</strong> first time, considerable difficulty arises from <strong>the</strong> constant change in <strong>the</strong>plane <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> instrument from <strong>the</strong> perpendicular position, inwhich it is absolutely necessary that it should be held, inorder <strong>to</strong> obtain a correct observation. What at first appears<strong>to</strong> be a defect, however, is a real advantage, namely, thatwhenever it is held in <strong>the</strong> least degree out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> verticalplane, <strong>the</strong> two horizons (that seen direct, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> reflectedone) cross each o<strong>the</strong>r, <strong>and</strong> it is only when <strong>the</strong> plane is vertical that <strong>the</strong> horizons can appear parallel., The object is <strong>to</strong> get <strong>the</strong> two horizons <strong>to</strong> coincide exactly,<strong>and</strong> for this purpose it will <strong>of</strong>ten be necessary <strong>to</strong> have <strong>the</strong>m<strong>of</strong> different shades. This is managed, as in <strong>the</strong> sextant, bymeans <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> screw, which raises or lowers <strong>the</strong> telescope.When <strong>the</strong> telescope is brought nearer <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> plane <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>instrument, <strong>the</strong> reflected horizon becomes dark <strong>and</strong> distinct,but when screwed <strong>of</strong>f it becomes fainter, <strong>and</strong> is not so welldefined. Practice alone can teach <strong>the</strong> degree <strong>of</strong> intensitywhich is most favourable. In general it is best <strong>to</strong> have onehorizon dark, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r light; <strong>the</strong>n bring <strong>the</strong>m verynearly <strong>to</strong> coincide, <strong>and</strong> wait till <strong>the</strong> ship is steady, at whichmoment a slight <strong>to</strong>uch <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tangent screw brings <strong>the</strong>mexactly <strong>to</strong> cover one ano<strong>the</strong>r. It will happen, <strong>of</strong> course,APPENDIX.xxxvnthat Avhen <strong>the</strong> coincidence is perfect, <strong>the</strong>re is only one horizon <strong>to</strong> be seen, <strong>and</strong> a doubt remains whe<strong>the</strong>r all is right,but a slight motion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> instrument, by making <strong>the</strong>horizons cross each o<strong>the</strong>r, defines <strong>the</strong>m at once.It is advisable <strong>to</strong> take several observations, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>safest way is <strong>to</strong> take one first with <strong>the</strong> index glass uppermost, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n with <strong>the</strong> instrument inverted, after which <strong>to</strong>return <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> first, <strong>and</strong> so on for two or three times eachway.In <strong>the</strong> pages which follow, <strong>the</strong>re is given a table containing <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> all <strong>the</strong> observations made during this<strong>voyage</strong>, preceded by several sets <strong>of</strong> observations in <strong>the</strong>fullest detail. From <strong>the</strong> table it will be observed howseldom <strong>the</strong> dip, actually measured, agrees with that inferredfrom <strong>the</strong> mean refraction. Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se experiments shewvery remarkable differences, <strong>and</strong> point out <strong>the</strong> great utility<strong>of</strong> this instrument.The practical naviga<strong>to</strong>r, particularly if he has been inhot climates, will recollect how discordant his observationsfor latitude always Avere, <strong>and</strong> how few even <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> best observers agree in <strong>the</strong>ir determination <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> latitude <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>same place, simple as <strong>the</strong> observation is thought <strong>to</strong> be.The cause is quite clear; <strong>and</strong> though it equally affects altitudes taken for absolute time, <strong>the</strong> disagreement is lessobvious, <strong>and</strong> it will <strong>of</strong>ten happen that a chronometer goingextremely Avell appears <strong>to</strong> vary every day from inaccuracyin <strong>the</strong> observations. Thus it is, I think, generally admitted,that it is almost impossible <strong>to</strong> rate a chronometer from altitudes observed Avith <strong>the</strong> sea horizon. Nor is this difficultyremoved by taking equal altitudes, because <strong>the</strong> refractionlr.1W I
XXXV111 APPENDIX.in all probability will be different at <strong>the</strong> two observations.With an artificial horizon, indeed, <strong>the</strong> changes in refractionare not felt, because, at a considerable elevation above <strong>the</strong>horizon, <strong>the</strong> changes are very trifling. But it <strong>of</strong>ten happensin practice, that <strong>the</strong> artificial horizon cannot be used, <strong>and</strong>we are <strong>the</strong>n reduced <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> sea horizon, where <strong>the</strong> changes<strong>of</strong> refraction are always <strong>the</strong> greatest. In <strong>the</strong> Yellow Sea,for instance, we had no opportunity <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing during all<strong>the</strong> time that <strong>the</strong> squadron was at anchor, till <strong>the</strong> day beforewe sailed. So that during nearly a fortnight that <strong>the</strong> shipswere at anchor, <strong>the</strong> sea horizon was necessarily used. Ineed only <strong>to</strong> refer <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> observations taken <strong>of</strong>f' <strong>the</strong> Pei-ho,viz. from No. 37 <strong>to</strong> 62, <strong>to</strong> shew how extremely fallacious<strong>the</strong> results must have been.It is much <strong>to</strong> be wished that this excellent instrumentshould be brought in<strong>to</strong> general use in navigation.APPENDIX. xxxixTHE FOLLOWING EIGHT OBSERVATIONS ARE SET DOWNIN THE FULLEST DETAIL, IN ORDER TO SHEW THEMETHOD USED IN RECORDING THEM.Index uppermostA + 8'. 10"8.058.00No. 31.YELLOW SEA.July 9®, 1816.—6 P. M.Instrument inverted.B-7MO"7.107-10Mean 8 . 05 Mean 7 . 10 B.Mean + 8 . 05 A.15.153 . 49 Dip.3 . 50 Tabular.1 Difference.Height <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eye, 15 feet, 3 inches.Parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horizon observed, WSW. <strong>and</strong> ENE.BarometerThermometerLatitude -Longitude29 . 78 inches35° north.124° east.Wind light from south; horizon uncommonly well defined <strong>and</strong> sharp; sky clear,<strong>and</strong> sea perfectly smooth.II„'
xlAPPENDIX.APPENDIX.xliMean 8 . 32No. 40.OFF THE PEI-HO, YELLOW SEA.J%29,1816.—9A.M.Index uppermost.Instrument inverted.A+ 8'. 20"B - 11' 40"8. 4511 .358.3011 .50Mean 11 . 42 B.Mean + 8 . 32 A.4) 20 . 145 . 3 Dip.3 . 50 Tabular.1 . 13 Difference -f-Height <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eye, 15 feet, 3 inches.Parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horizon observed, NW. <strong>and</strong> SE.The low l<strong>and</strong> just visible in <strong>the</strong> NW. distant 12 or 14 miles.Depth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sea, 18 feet.Barometer - 29 . 60 inches.ThermometerLatitude -Longitude38° . 50' north.- 118° . 00' eastThere has been little wind this morning, after a very close night*No. 43.OFF THE PEI-HO, YELLOW SEA.August 6,1816.—1 P.M.Index uppermost.Instrument inverted.*" B-ll'.55"11 . 4511 . 45Mean 50 Mean 11 . 48 B.Mean+ 7 . 50 A.4) 19 . 384.54 Dip.3 . 53 Tabular.1 . 1 DifferenceIHeight <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eye, 15 feet, 6 inches. .Parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horizon observed, S W. by S. <strong>and</strong> NE. by N.Depth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sea, 29 feet.Barometer - 29. 64 inches.ThermometerLatitudeLongitudeSea 81 J°- 38° . 50' north.- 118° . 00' east.Moderate breeze from SE. by S.; ra<strong>the</strong>r hazy, but <strong>the</strong> horizon sharp <strong>and</strong> distinct.Index uppermost.A + 10'. 20"10.1810.35No. 50.OFF THE PEI-HO, YELLOW SEA.August 8, 1816.—6. 15. A. M.Instrument inverted.B- 12'. 50"12. 4513.00Mean 10 . 24, 3 Mean 12 . 51.7 B.Mean + 10 . 24.3 A.4) 23. 165. 49 Dip.3 . 50 Tabular.1. 59 Difference +Height <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eye, 15 feet, 3 inches.Parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horizon observed, NNE. <strong>and</strong> SSW. clear <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> l<strong>and</strong>.Depth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sea, 26 feet.Barometer - 29.65 inches.Thermometer {^ ®*Wind NNW. moderate.Latitude - - 38°. 50' north.Longitude - 118° . 00' east.Mem.-—The <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fort at <strong>the</strong> mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> river, is just visible at 30feet from <strong>the</strong> surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> water.
xlii APPENDIX.Index uppermost.A + 13'. 55"13.5013.45Mean 13 .50No. 53.OFF THE PEI-HO, YELLOW SEA.August 10,1816.—6. 10. A.M.Instrument inverted.B-7'.30"7.157.25Mean 7 . 23.3 B.Mean + 13 . 50 A.4) 21 . 13.35 . 18.3 Dip.2 . 20 Tabular. •2 . 58 Difference +Height <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eye, 5 feet, 6 inches.Depth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> water, 5 feet.Parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horizon observed, N. by E. <strong>and</strong> S. by W. just clear <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> l<strong>and</strong>.Barometer - 29-69 inches. 1 On board His Majesty's„„Thermometer-Air 75° >• ship Lyra, distant threeSea 77° j or four miles. __Wind WNW.About one mile from <strong>the</strong> fort <strong>of</strong> Tung-coo, at <strong>the</strong> entrance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Pei-ho river.Note.—Instrument re-adjusted.Index uppermost.A+ 15'-40"15.3015 . 35Mean 15.35No. 58.OFF THE PEI-HO, YELLOW SEA.August 10, 1816.—2 P.M.Instrument inverted.B-8'. 50"8.508.50Mean 8 . 50 B.Mean + 15 . 35 A.4) 24 . 256. 6.3 Dip.3. 50 Tabular.2. 16 Difference +Index uppermost.A+ 15'. 20"15.1015 .10APPENDIX.Height <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eye, 15 feet, 3 inches.Parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horizon observed, N. by E. <strong>and</strong> S. by W.Depth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sea, 27 feet.Barometer - 29 . 68 indies.Thermometer}^ 84°LatitudeLongitude- 38° . 50' north.- 118°. 00'east.No. 59.OFF THE PEI-HO, YELLOW SEA.August 10,1816.—2. 15. P.M.Instrument inverted.B-7'.50"8.108.05Mean 15.13-3 Mean 8 • 01-7 B.Mean + 15 • 13-3 A.4) 23 .155 - 48-7 Dip.3.50 Tabular.1 . 59 Difference.Height <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eye, 15 feet, 3 inches.Parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horizon observed, NW. by N. <strong>and</strong> SE. by S.Depth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> water, 27 feet.Barometer - 29 . 68 indies.nM 4. fAir 84°ThermometerLatitude -Longitude- 38° . 50' north.- 118° . 00' east.The vessels in all parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horizon have an inverted image under <strong>the</strong>m;this is very considerable, some having about a third <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sail, o<strong>the</strong>rs only <strong>the</strong>hull.\ Y
APPENDIX. xlv! Ixliv APPENDIX.Index uppermost.A + 6'. 85"6.356.40Mean 6 • 36'7No. 110.OFF THE CAPE.July 28,1817.—2. SO. P. M.Instrument inverted,B-5'.OO"4.555.00Mean 4 . 58'S B.Mean + 6 . 86'7 A.4) 11 . 352 • 53-7 Dip.8 • 49 Tabular.55 DifferenceHeight <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eye, 15 feet.Parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horizon observed, SE. <strong>and</strong> NW.t Air 64°Thermometer { gea 5QODepth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sea, 222 feetLatitude - 34°. 57' south.Longitude 20° . 15' east.Cape Lagullus due north, distant 6 or 8 miles.Calm all day; sky clear, <strong>and</strong> wea<strong>the</strong>r hazy.On <strong>the</strong> 29th <strong>and</strong> 80th <strong>of</strong> July we were <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> Cape, but <strong>the</strong> wea<strong>the</strong>r was sobad as <strong>to</strong> prevent any sights being taken.»-•—9SO1BS324Sir»»Willaait86«86_— -•—Date.1816.Jure 16.Jane 16.June 16.June 16.June S7.Juue 28.July 3.July 6.July 7.JulyS.July 16.July 21.July 23.July 23.July S3.July 27.July 27.July 28.July 28.[eight<strong>of</strong>eye.f. i15 315 314 0141616161615 314 615 315 315 315 315 315 31315 315 3Obs.Dip./ n4 35.04 33.03 594 014 21.04 22.24 08.23 534 33 493 273 443 493 493 444 023 354 21406Tab./ /'3 503 503 413 413 563 563 563 563 503 453 503 503 503 503 503 503 333 503 50Differ.+//454318202526121341223116-II3236116Therm.Sea08383J84J83848484j848584j7977477777776768383Air.082*82sh.f85)sh.}9SOB-8182828183|8582797682828276768484Differ.+*i*2223*\2iii-455511Bare.29.8629.8629.8329.8529.8129.8029.7729.7529.7929.7229.7529.7829.7829.7829.7829.7029.7029.6229.62Lat.0 '5 11 S5 05 S5 05 S5 05 S6 49 N8 0013 2920 0021 1124 373435353538 5538 5538 503850Long.Jvast.106 3106 10106 10108 10107 -19108 10112 59114114118 56124124124124118 50118 50118 00118 00~o •Pfeet60£6485727072782020Remarks.Weatber hazy. The low l<strong>and</strong><strong>of</strong> Sumatra just visible. The l<strong>and</strong>wind has been blowing gently forabout four hours.East <strong>and</strong> <strong>west</strong> parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ho*rizon observed Coast <strong>of</strong> Sumatrajust visible. Hazy. Tile l<strong>and</strong>winddying away.The day has been extremelyhot, <strong>and</strong> almost a calm. The seabreezenot yet set in, only a fewlight flaws.A fresh breeze from WNW.The sun set in fiery dirty redclouds. Wea<strong>the</strong>r squally, withoccasional showers <strong>of</strong> rain. Paris<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horizon observed east <strong>and</strong><strong>west</strong>.Wea<strong>the</strong>r remarkably fine; skyclear ; <strong>and</strong> a gentle breeze from<strong>the</strong> souih. The sun set aboutfive minutes after <strong>the</strong>se observations were taken. Parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>horizon observed east <strong>and</strong> <strong>west</strong>.The forenoon has been extremely hot <strong>and</strong> oppressive. Arolling swell from <strong>the</strong> SW.Parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horizon observedSSW <strong>and</strong>NNE, <strong>the</strong> first clear <strong>to</strong>seaward, <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r clear horizon,but <strong>the</strong> maiul<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> China behindit, <strong>and</strong> various isl<strong>and</strong>s on eachside <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> NNE line.Very hazy wea<strong>the</strong>r : sky fiery.Clear wea<strong>the</strong>r, with a lightbreeze from <strong>the</strong> eastward. Sunset behind a low range <strong>of</strong> darkclouds : sky in that quarter wasunusually red. A long swellfrom <strong>the</strong> nonhward.Wind light from south ; horizon uncommonly well defined <strong>and</strong>sharp; sky clear; <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> seaperfectly smooth. These sights,<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> two following, may bedepended on, I think, within tenseconds.Circumstances similar <strong>to</strong> No.31Ṗarts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horizon observedwere that immediately under <strong>the</strong>setting sun ; viz. W 31* N, <strong>and</strong><strong>the</strong> opposite E 21° S, <strong>the</strong> sunbeing about 4° high. Day hasbeen remarkably clear, although<strong>the</strong> wind has beenfrom <strong>the</strong> southward, which in <strong>the</strong>se seas is saidgenerally <strong>to</strong> bring fogs.Weatbersomewhathazy; windeasterly.Wind easterly.These sights were taken whileat anchor uff <strong>the</strong> mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>Pei-ho. The fort <strong>of</strong> Tung-coo,on <strong>the</strong> -south bank <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> river,bearing W 50° N, distant aboutfour or five miles.kl
dvi APPENDIX. APPENDIX. xlviit"0.394041424344454647484950515253'545556Date.1816.July 28.~,^July 29.July 29.'Aug. 6.Aug. 6.Aug. 6.Aug. 6.Aug. 6.Aug. 6.Aug. 6.•Aug! 8.Aug. 8.Aug. 8.Aug. 9.Aug. 10.Ang. 10.Aug. 10Aug. 10eight<strong>of</strong>eye.f. i.15 315 315 315 315 615 315 33 9615 315 315 315 315 35 65 65 65 fObs., //3 465 3Dip.00.';5 194 544 474 592 393 26459.25 475 495 474 30.45 18.34 28.4 73 55Tab./ n3 503 503 5 >3 503 533 503 501 542 253 503 503 503 503 502 20
xlviii APPENDIX.APPENDIX. xlixNo.82838485868788899091929394(«)94(b )Date.1816.Aug. 21.Aug. 21.Aug. 22.Sept. 4.Sept. 4.Sept. 5.Sept. 7.Sept. 7.1817.March 3.March 5.March 5.March 5.March 8.March 8.K eight Dip.<strong>of</strong> -eye. Obs. Tab.f. i.1415 31612121515 315 31414 814814 814 814 8r n3 263 293 523 463 423 473 333 273 574 494504534 334 58i n t3 413 413 563 253 253 493 413 413 413 463 463 463 463 46Differ.+ —n n152117161 SI 4I 7471 121242£Therm.Sea. ii.ir.7C76758181797414I 7482838384840757576838380808084j858584Differ.+11182i i£221662f22Bart).t29.74297429.8029.8629.8629.80298429.8429.7429.7329.7329.8629 8(Lat.North.•0 t36 1036 835 4034 3234 222 183 405 12T:Long, jEast. JJ» '126 BO126 3512C 17126 34126 34102 20100 35100 141|3 .£feet.565616512C12(• Remarks.~~~~~~~1This <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> following ,,.„observed <strong>to</strong>wards sunset- $ *exbibrt a considerable degree ,refraction above what is mnjThe sights on this morning inZsame place gave upwards <strong>of</strong> 1greater dip. 'All o<strong>the</strong>r circumstances <strong>the</strong>same as in No. 82.Fresh breeze from SE, with .remarkably clear sky. The horizon uncommonly sharp.Wind moderate from WNWClear wea<strong>the</strong>r.All o<strong>the</strong>r circumstances <strong>the</strong>same as in No. 85. Parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>horizon observed SSW<strong>and</strong> NNE.Parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horizon observe*WNW <strong>and</strong> ESE.The morning has been exceedingly hot before <strong>the</strong> breezes Min from sea at 11 A.M.All o<strong>the</strong>r circumstances <strong>the</strong>same as in No. 88.After a very hot day.Parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horizon observedESE <strong>and</strong> WNW. See fur<strong>the</strong>rremarks under 93. InstruDMOtreadjusted.Parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horizon observedNE<strong>and</strong>SW. All o<strong>the</strong>rcirenBstancesas in No. 91.Parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horizon observedSSE <strong>and</strong> NNW. These lineobservations (Nos. 91, 98, tnd93) were made under <strong>the</strong> oatfavourable circumstances, tnimay be considered as shewnj<strong>the</strong> accuracy which <strong>the</strong> instnmentiscapable <strong>of</strong> attaining. Thesea was so perfectly smooth, thUnot <strong>the</strong> slightest motion could bedetected. Thehorizon-alaUttaparts observed was sharp, u»better denned than I recollect<strong>to</strong> have seen it ; <strong>and</strong>, whatun*<strong>of</strong>ten <strong>the</strong> case, <strong>the</strong> opposite J«were alike in strength <strong>of</strong> hri".&c. The day has been hoM*not close, with a light! brte«from <strong>the</strong> Southward Hie was calm, i *"" , ggtwere taken with 6«=at d»ro&^SE.No.-*-~9596979899100101102103104105Date.1817.March 19.March 19.March 20.March 21.March 22.March 23.March 24.July 22.July 24.July 25.July 26.Height<strong>of</strong>eye.f. i.14 814 814 814 814 814 814 815151515Obs.r a3 5 13 483 483 483 393 473 533 363 163 363 30Dip.Tab./ n3 463 463 463 463 46"13 463 463 493 493 493 49Difier.+t n522217-II713331319Therm.Sea. Air.O808079|807978j787159625808282828279J798072626360Difier.+ -222f2if21312Baro.298429.7829.8329.8-129.8429.8029.78"Lat.North.0 '13 3014 3015 0016 0017 0017 30South.34 034 2535 S35 SLong.East.0 /89 8089 1589 0088 3088 0088 152624 £623 4.0231 ao .5feet400372402462Remarks.The wind steady <strong>and</strong> moderateatNE; atmosphere clear; horizon well defined; a long swellfromSW. This swell, which wasnot high, produced an obviouseffect on <strong>the</strong> dip angle, as observed, <strong>the</strong> two horizons alternately separating <strong>and</strong> overlapping;this change was however so slightthat I have not been able <strong>to</strong> measure it.All o<strong>the</strong>r circumstances as inNo. 95. Parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horizonobserved NE <strong>and</strong> SW.During <strong>the</strong> night <strong>the</strong>re hasbeen a light breeze from East; atthis moment it is freshening up alittle. The atmosphere is clear ;horizon sharp ; a long low swellfrom SW, as yesterday.It has been calm, or nearly so,during <strong>the</strong> night; occasionally alight ah- from SE <strong>and</strong> S. Allcircumstances favourable.During <strong>the</strong> night <strong>the</strong>re hasbeen a light wind from SW. Thewea<strong>the</strong>r is more hazy than when<strong>the</strong> wmd was from <strong>the</strong> Eastward,<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> horizon not so distinctlymarked ; but <strong>the</strong> above sights aregood. There is still a swell fromriW, which causes some little uncertainty as <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> exact moment<strong>of</strong> taking <strong>the</strong> angle.In <strong>the</strong> night <strong>the</strong>re has beena light breeze from W by S.Wea<strong>the</strong>r hazy ; but <strong>the</strong> horizonsharper than yesterday morning.During <strong>the</strong> night almost calm ;just now a light air from <strong>the</strong> NE.Parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horizon observedNE <strong>and</strong> SW.Fine fair clear wea<strong>the</strong>r, butwith so high a swell as <strong>to</strong> render<strong>the</strong> observation difficult Windlight from N, after having beenblowing fresh.Light breezes from <strong>the</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>astward ; smooth water, <strong>and</strong> aclear cool air: hazy about <strong>the</strong>l<strong>and</strong>. The distance from <strong>the</strong>South <strong>coast</strong> <strong>of</strong> Africa was about•8 or 9 leagues. All circumstancesfavourable. No current : we haveprobably been <strong>to</strong>o near shorefor it.Light breeze from <strong>the</strong> SW,with a long swell. Hazy wea<strong>the</strong>r.The wind has been from <strong>the</strong> Westfor 24 horn's; at first blowinghard, but latterly moderate, <strong>the</strong>current setting us <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> SWabout a mile an hour. A veryheavy dew falling this evening.Parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horizon observedEast <strong>and</strong> West.Moderate breeze from <strong>the</strong> NE ;air hazy ; long high swell from <strong>the</strong>Westward. From observationsby stars <strong>and</strong> chronometers, it liasbten ascertained that <strong>the</strong>re is not-Igi-l1Ii,i iirf"r '
1APPENDIX.I0.106107108109110Date.1817.July 36.July 27.July 27.July 28.July 28.eight<strong>of</strong>eye.f. i.1515151515nip.Obs. Tab.//S 302 552 473 172 54it3 493 493 493 49349Differ. Therm.+a-/ ii1954Sea.o60566325565859ir.06359596464Differ.+ -33365Bare.Lat.0 '34 52353534 5834 57Long.East.0 '22 23212120 1520 15•o•PRemarks.feet.<strong>the</strong> least current. Distance from<strong>the</strong> South <strong>coast</strong> <strong>of</strong> Africa about50 miles. A high range in sight<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Northward. Parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>horizon observed North <strong>and</strong>South.420 A light breeze from <strong>the</strong> NEairhazy; a long swell from <strong>the</strong>Westward. About 50 miles distantfrom <strong>the</strong> l<strong>and</strong>.24 The wind has been moderatefrom <strong>the</strong> l<strong>and</strong> all night ; air hazy ;wea<strong>the</strong>r raw ; a very heavy dewfalling all night. The l<strong>and</strong> insight <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Northward, distantabout 40 miles, is inverted fromone end <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r.240 Parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horizon observedNNE <strong>and</strong> SSW. All o<strong>the</strong>r circumstances as in No. 107.Parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horizon observedNE <strong>and</strong> SW. Cape LagullasNorth 2 or 3 leagues. A lightbreeze from <strong>the</strong> Eastward. Airhazy.222 Parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> horizon observedSE <strong>and</strong> NW. Cape Lagullajdue North, distant 6 or 8 miles.Calm all day; sky clear; <strong>and</strong>wea<strong>the</strong>r hazy.N. B. On <strong>the</strong> 29th <strong>and</strong> 30th<strong>of</strong> Jnly we were <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> Cape,but <strong>the</strong> wea<strong>the</strong>r was so bad as <strong>to</strong>prevent any sights being taken.METEOROLOGICAL JOURNAL,FROM JULY TO NOVEMBER 1816, WHILE THE SHIPS WEREIN THE YELLOW AND JAPAN SEAS.IiffI
APPENDIX. liiiHours.1234567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.1234567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.Barom.30'. Olh30.0129.9429.98-29-8929-8929-8029.7629.80Thermom.Air.83°82Sea.84°83Winds.SouthsswswswSWbyWWNWWestwswswLat.N22°.07'Long.E115°.26'SE Coast <strong>of</strong> China.N22°.43'E11T.3VSE Coast <strong>of</strong> China.Sunday, July 14, 1816.The wind continued quitelight during <strong>the</strong> night, with oneor two slight showers, but nosqualls.About 8 A. M. <strong>the</strong> windhauled <strong>to</strong> abou SW, from.which quarter it blew a lightu breeze.Monday, July 15, 1816.The same winds during <strong>the</strong>night.Found that we had beendriven by a current, settingabout E by N, 2i miles an hour.About 3 o'clock it becameextremely hazy ; <strong>the</strong> sun set infiery clouds, <strong>and</strong> a blood redtint was given <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> low cloudsall round <strong>the</strong> horizon.
liv APPENDIX.APPENDIX. IvThermom.Thermom.Hour.Barom.Air.Sea.Winds.Lat.Long.Hour.Barom.Air.Sea.Winds.Lat.Long.1234567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.1234567891011Noon.12345678Q */1011Mid.29'. 74h29.8329.7429.7529.7829.7629.7429.7629.8029.8129.8029.8129. 8029.7629-7629.7629.7929. 8083°808080828282828179J79J80J8180818080SWwswWestWSWswswsswswSWbySSSWSouthSbyWN24°.37'E118°.50'Straits <strong>of</strong> Formosa,China.N26°.21'E122°.06'Straits <strong>of</strong> Formosa,China.Tuesday, July 16, 1816.During this day <strong>the</strong>re hasbeen a moderate breeze from<strong>the</strong> SSW, with a thick haze,<strong>and</strong> dew at night.Soundings from 32 <strong>to</strong> 26fathoms : dark fine s<strong>and</strong>.We have seen no l<strong>and</strong> all day,having ran along nearly parallelwith <strong>the</strong> <strong>coast</strong> about Chusan, at<strong>the</strong> distance <strong>of</strong> about 30 or 40leagues.Wednesday, July 17, 1816.The wea<strong>the</strong>r is remarkablyhazy, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>re is a very disagreeable sea coming after us.At night hazy with a heavydew; soundings 52 fathoms.To-day we quitted <strong>the</strong> Straits<strong>of</strong> Formosa, <strong>and</strong> s<strong>to</strong>od <strong>to</strong>wards<strong>the</strong> Yellow Sea. Last eveningwe were among a cluster <strong>of</strong>large isl<strong>and</strong>s near <strong>the</strong> <strong>coast</strong> <strong>of</strong>China, about two-thirds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>way through <strong>the</strong> Straits <strong>of</strong> Formosa.____________ , _______ ——I1234567891011Noon.12345678Q *J1011Mid.1234567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.29'. 78h29.8029.8629.8029.8029.8029.7629.7629 . 7829.7529. 7829.7829.7829.7829.7529.7229.7229. 7229. 7481°81818179787880798080°798079787879808079SWwswsw.sswswSWbyW*SWsswSbyWSSWswSWbySSSWSouthN26°.21'To <strong>the</strong> northward<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Straits <strong>of</strong>Formosa.N30°.54'E123°.50'Off <strong>the</strong> Isl<strong>and</strong>s <strong>of</strong>Chusan 30 or 40leagues.1Thursday, July 18, 1816:The wind during all this dayhas been from <strong>the</strong> South Westward.From noon till midnight itcontinuedfresh <strong>and</strong> steady, afterwhich it lulled. Wea<strong>the</strong>r veryhazy, <strong>and</strong> at night a heavy dewfalling.Depth <strong>of</strong> water from 85 <strong>to</strong> 37fathoms.No l<strong>and</strong> seen <strong>to</strong>-day, beingabout 30 leagues <strong>of</strong>f shore, <strong>to</strong><strong>the</strong> Northward <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Straits <strong>of</strong>Formosa.Friday, July 19, 1816.During this day <strong>the</strong>re hasbeen a moderate breeze from<strong>the</strong> SSW, with a thick haze<strong>and</strong> dew at night.Soundings from 32 <strong>to</strong> 26fathoms : iine dark s<strong>and</strong>.We have seen no l<strong>and</strong> thisday, having ran along nearlyparallel with <strong>the</strong> <strong>coast</strong> aboutChusan, at <strong>the</strong> distance <strong>of</strong> about30 or 40 leagues.It!'Pi.
Ivi APPENDIX.Thermom.IAPPENDIX.Thermom.IviiHour.Barom.Air.Sea.Winds.Lat.Long.Hour.Barom.Air.Sea.Winds.Lat.Long.1Q ifC345678929! .69h29 . 7079°76°SbyWSaturday, July 20, 1816.Light SSW winds, with thickhaze <strong>and</strong> dew at night. Regular soundings 20 fathoms:mud <strong>and</strong> black s<strong>and</strong>.123456789291 . 69h29 . 7275°77°SSESbyWMonday, July 22, 1816.In <strong>the</strong> night <strong>the</strong>re was abreeze from <strong>the</strong> SSW with verythick wea<strong>the</strong>r, <strong>and</strong> much lightning all round.29 . 707977JSouth29.717776SWbyW1011Noon.1234567891011Mid.1234567"81011Noon.1234567891011Mid.29 . 7229.7029.7029.7029.6629. 6829 . 6629.6929 . 72' 29 . 7629 . 7829.7929-7929-7829 . 8029 . 7829 . 7929.798080797875767777787777777677J77i77JSbyWSWbyWWSWSWbyWWSWWbyNNNWNbyWNorthNNWEbyNEastEbySSEN32°.35'E123°.50'Entering <strong>the</strong>Yellow Sea.N33°.55'^E124°Yellow Sea.To-day we are about halfway between <strong>the</strong> SE part <strong>of</strong>Corea <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Chusan isl<strong>and</strong>s,each being about 50 leaguesdistant ; <strong>the</strong> mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> greatriver Yang-tse-kiang is nearlyW 50 leagues, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> promon<strong>to</strong>ry <strong>of</strong> Shan-tung N by W 100leagues.Sunday, July 21, 1816.The wind after noon yesterday freshened up <strong>to</strong>wards sunset from <strong>the</strong> WSW, <strong>and</strong> in <strong>the</strong>night it hauled <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> NW gradually, <strong>and</strong> so <strong>to</strong> North ; aboutnoon it became quite light as itdrew <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> northward.The wea<strong>the</strong>r has becomequite clear since <strong>the</strong> change <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> wind.L<strong>and</strong> in sight <strong>to</strong>-day aboutEast from us, supposed <strong>to</strong> be<strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> South end <strong>of</strong>Corea-•1011Noon.1234567891011Mid.1234567891011Noon.124567891011Mid29.7129.7529-7529.7429-7529.7329-7329. 7429-7629 . 7829.8029.8029.7929-7929.7829.7629.7778797675757779817877777977767677787877|76SSWswCalmNNENbyENorthNbyWWestCalmSSESESouthSSWSESSESbyEN34°.44'E123°.55'Yellow Sea.N35°.06'E123°.0&Yellow Sea.hAfter noon it fell calm tillabout 6 P. M. when <strong>the</strong>re camea light breeze from <strong>the</strong> <strong>west</strong>ward which hauled <strong>to</strong> north, <strong>and</strong>about morning fell nearly calm.Regular soundings from 44<strong>to</strong> 43 fathoms : mud.Tuesday, July 23, 1816.About 8 this morning abreeze sprung at South, whichlasted during <strong>the</strong> day, freshening very gradually — sky clear.Regular soundings 43 fathoms: mud.A moderate breeze from <strong>the</strong>Southward, <strong>and</strong> fine clear wea<strong>the</strong>r.(•j
Iviii APPENDIX.Hour.1234567 891011Noon.1£84567891011Mid.1264567891011Noon.12345678q V1011Mid.Barom.£9'. 75h£9.77£9. 8££9.86£9. 88£9. 70£9.69£9. 70£9.70£9.70£9. 70£9.70£9. 70£9.70£9.70£9.66£9.66£9. 6129.61Thermom.Air.77°757675707174777675Sea.764°737472716673727275Winds.SSESEbySSbyENWNWbyWEbySSEbyESSESbyESbyWswSSWWNWCalmWNWNWbyWNWEastSESSESbyWLat.N36°.£7'Long.E1£3°.01'Yellow Sea.N37°.S£'E122°.37'Nearly on <strong>the</strong> meridian <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong>NEpoint <strong>of</strong> Shantung promon<strong>to</strong>ry,Yellow Sea..Wednesday, July £4, 1816.The wind during <strong>the</strong>se 24hours has been moderate from<strong>the</strong> Southward. — Quite clear,not <strong>the</strong> least appearance <strong>of</strong> fog.A very curious assemblage<strong>of</strong> clouds passed over us at noonfrom <strong>the</strong> NW.1,Soundings 40, 38, <strong>and</strong> 37athoms : brown mud.Thursday, July 25, 1816.The wind during <strong>the</strong> nighthung <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> SW, with rainoccasionally..After daybreak <strong>the</strong> wea<strong>the</strong>rcleared up, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> breeze fellgradually as we rounded <strong>the</strong>NE point <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> promon<strong>to</strong>ry <strong>of</strong>Shan-tung.In <strong>the</strong> forenoon it fell calm,<strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong>wards sunset a breezesprung up from ESE <strong>and</strong> SEwhich lasted during <strong>the</strong> night.iAPPENDIX.Hour.1a f)• *I \ 57891011Noon1£3• J 5678•9 1011Mid.1r£I1I910UNoon.(^__£34567891011Mid.Barom.£9'. 61h£9-61£9. 6229. 6229. 6£29. 6229.5929. 6029.60£9.60£9.69£9.69£9. 70£9.70£9.68£9. 61£9.61£9.80£9- 84Thermom.Air.74°74747673£7577767677Sea.7£°7£7266687477J767782Winds.SbyWSouthSSESouthSSWSbyWSSWswWNWSEbySSESEbyESouthSSESEEastENEEbySEby NEastEbyNSEbyElixLat.N -38°.07'N38°.5£'Long.E12£°.0'Yellow Sea.E1170.49'Yellow Sea.—— —— —— • —— • • • • ———— —— —— "— "'i'*'-' ——Friday, July £6, 1816.As <strong>the</strong> day broke, <strong>the</strong> breezewhich had been light during <strong>the</strong>night, freshened up, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>wea<strong>the</strong>r, hi<strong>the</strong>r<strong>to</strong> clear, becamesuddenly quite foggy; this however lasted only half an hour,<strong>and</strong> we enjoyed during <strong>the</strong> day<strong>the</strong> same fine clear wea<strong>the</strong>r, with<strong>the</strong> exception indeed <strong>of</strong> onethunder squall, which lastedonly a few minutes, <strong>and</strong> passedover, going <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> SE.N. B. This was <strong>the</strong> only instance <strong>of</strong> fog during <strong>the</strong> sixweeks that <strong>the</strong> ships were in <strong>the</strong>Yellow Sea.Saturday, July £7, 1816..During <strong>the</strong> whole <strong>of</strong> this daywe had a fresh breeze from East<strong>and</strong> ESE, with dark cloudywea<strong>the</strong>r. As we drew across<strong>the</strong> Gulf <strong>of</strong> Petchelee we had<strong>the</strong> wind much stronger.We anchored at seven o'clockin 8 g fathoms water.In <strong>the</strong> night it blew hardfrom <strong>the</strong> East, <strong>and</strong> at sunrisewe had a violent thunder s<strong>to</strong>rm.
lx APPENDIX.Hcmr.1234B67891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.1234567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.Barom.29' . 70h29.6329.6129.6229.6029.6029.6129.6229.6129.6029.5929. 6029.6229.6029-5929.5329.5529.5529.63Thermom.Air.80°82J83J8183807982828382J80Sea.80J°8282J828282811828484i8282Winds.SEbyESEbySSWWbyNNbyENorthEbySSSESbyESouthSbyESWSWWSWNNWEbyNNESEESESESEbyELat.N38°52'42"Long.Pei-Ho,Yellow Sea.N38°.56'E118°.00'At anchor <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong>mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Peihoriver, YellowSea.Sunday, July 28, 1816.After <strong>the</strong> thunder s<strong>to</strong>rm hadpassed <strong>the</strong> wea<strong>the</strong>r cleared up,<strong>and</strong> became quite fine.During <strong>the</strong> day <strong>the</strong> breezehas been moderate, with fineclear wea<strong>the</strong>r.Monday, July 29, 1816.Light breezes <strong>and</strong> cloudywea<strong>the</strong>r.Towards noon it fell calm.During <strong>the</strong> night a moderatebreeze from <strong>the</strong> Eastward.^ __ ._ — — -IAPPENDIX.Hour.1234567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.1234567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.Barom.291 .50h29.6329.6329.6229.6529.6529. 6029.6129.6329.6229.7029.7029.7029.7129.7129.7229.84• Thermom.Air.82°8181828383848382^83Sea.82°8483J828285868282JWinds.SEbyEEastENEEbyNSEbyECalm-SWWNWESESESSESouthIxiLat. Long.At anchor <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong>mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Peiho,Yellow Sea.At anchor <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong>mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Peiho,Yellow Sea.Tuesday, July 30, 1816.During this day <strong>the</strong>re hasbeen a light air from <strong>the</strong> Eastward, <strong>and</strong> fine clear wea<strong>the</strong>r.At midnight it fell calm.Wednesday, July 31, 1816.This morning <strong>the</strong>re is a lightair from <strong>the</strong> eastward, inclining<strong>to</strong> calm.Towards night <strong>the</strong> breezefreshened up from <strong>the</strong> SE.*
Ixii APPENDIX.Hour.123456' 7891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.1234567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.Barom.29! .69h29.7029. 6929.7029.6329.6629.6629.6529.6229.6829-6729. 6329.6329.6329.6529.70Thermom.Air.83°818182807978J7978J7879Sea.84°82J82|8282828282J8382J82Winds.OfXTSWWestSW by SSSWSWbySSbyESESbyESSWSWWbySSSWSbyWSEEastSSEEastLat. Long.At anchor <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong>mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Peiho,Yellow Sea. 'At anchor <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong>mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Peiho,Yellow Sea.Thursday, August 1, 1816.During <strong>the</strong> night <strong>the</strong>re hasbeen a fresh breeze from <strong>the</strong>SW, with rain <strong>and</strong> lightning.Towards noon it became moremoderate.And at night it was verysqually, with rain.Friday, August 2, 1816.During <strong>the</strong> whole <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nightit rained.Towards morning it blewfresh from <strong>the</strong> Westward.During <strong>the</strong> whole <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dayit has been very hazy with slightshowers <strong>of</strong> rain.Midnight, fresh breezes <strong>and</strong>clear.IHour.1234567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.1234567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.Barom.29! . 72h29. 8429.8429.8229. 8029.8029. 8429. 9029.6929.7029.7029. 7029. 6829. 6829. 6829. 6829.68Thermom.Air.77°77!797676757878J787877Sea.81°8182828080J8181818081Winds.EbyNNEENENENEbyNENENEbyNNorthNWWestNWWNWWSWWestswAPPENDIX. IxiiiLat. Long.At anchor <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong>mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Peiho,Yellow Sea.At anchor <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong>mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Feiho,Yellow Sea.Saturday, August 3, 1816.Fresh breezes <strong>and</strong> cloudywea<strong>the</strong>r.Strong breezes <strong>and</strong> cloudy,with slight showers <strong>of</strong> rain atintervals.Towards evening it clearedup.A short swell from <strong>the</strong> NE.Moderate breezes <strong>and</strong> cloudy.\. Sunday, August 4, 1816.Light airs <strong>and</strong> fine wea<strong>the</strong>r."Cloudy, with slight showers<strong>of</strong> rain at intervals.t,
IxivAPPENDIX..%Therniom.APPENDIX.IxvIfflllHour.1234567891011Noon.124567891011Mid.19sC4567891011XTonn1234567891011Mid.Barom.29s . 68h29.6829.6929.6829.6829.6629.6529.6429.5929-6529.6429. 64. 29 . 6329.6429.6029-6229.66Therniom.Air.77°787881817173768279sea.8080^8181 J827877i8181|8182Winds.WbySWSWW by NSWWbySWSWWbySSWNWNorthNNWWSWSWby\ VSSESELat.Long.At anchor <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong>mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Peiho,Yellow Sea.At anchor <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong>mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Peiho,Yellow Sea.Monday, August 5,1816.Moderate breezes <strong>and</strong> cloudy.In <strong>the</strong> forenoon we had aslight shower.Moderate breezes <strong>and</strong> cloudy.Light breezes <strong>and</strong> cloudy.Tuesday, August 6, 1816.A light breeze from <strong>the</strong> SW.Towards 4 A. M. <strong>the</strong> windshifted round <strong>to</strong> NW, <strong>and</strong>freshened up.Noon, a moderate breeze <strong>and</strong>fine wea<strong>the</strong>r.After noon <strong>the</strong> breeze, whichhad hauled round <strong>to</strong> WSfreshened up considerably.Towards sunset dark slatyclouds drew over us famj*l<strong>and</strong>, moving in a contdirection from that ot <strong>the</strong>which we had.1Hour.2345 /-*| '» 891011Noon.124567891011Mid.1234567891011Noon.124561 71 891011Mid.Barom.29i .67"29.9530.0030.0029. 9229. 8229.8129.6529.6629. 6729.6929-6829.6629. 6529.6929.7029.71Air.79J7776737173768U7977Sea.81°808078J7877|818079Winds.SouthEbyNEastEbyNNENorthNNWNNWNELat.Long.At anchor <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong>mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Peiho,Yellow Sea.At anchor <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong>mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Peiho,Yellow Sea,iWednesday, August 7, 1816.At sunrise it was moderate,but about nine o'clock <strong>the</strong> breezefreshened, <strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong>wards noonblew fresh from <strong>the</strong> Eastward.Fresh breezes <strong>and</strong> cloudy.Towards night it moderated.At midnight a moderatebreeze.Thursday, August 8, 1816.Moderate <strong>and</strong> cloudy.Moderate <strong>and</strong> fineLight airs.-IH
11"Ill Ixvi APPENDIX.I! _______ —————— - —————————————II• • Hour.II !1 I• 7sr 10>IH 9"iiji 111Noon.1345Barom.29i .73h29.7429.7829-7729.7629.70Thermom.Air.75°76^8079Sea.77i°7979i771Winds.NbyENWESESSELat. Long.At anchor <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong>mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Peiho,Yellow Sea.Friday, August 9, 1816.Light airs <strong>and</strong> cloudy.2 A. M. a moderate breezesprung up at NW.\Hour.1234567891011Noon.123Barom.29. 7029.7029.7529.7429.7429. 72Thermom.Air.75°767979Sea.78°798078Winds.SESEbySSEAPPENDIX. IxviiLat. Long.Off <strong>the</strong> river Peiho,Yellow Sea.Suiiday, August 11, 1816.IVlfMif*T£lf'fi fin/i /Mf^QT* \Vf>nf" nfl*J-VJUJLlCiclLC dlllA Clcdl ?Vca,LIJv:Jl •Illl, II10t|l 11[j Mid.2.nil ^J^l 5•1 6'^1 7IU 8'rrV 9l,|IIInI1 I?|| Noon.I 24567891011Mid.29. 7029. 7029.6929-7029.7029-7029.6929-6729.6529.6429.7229. 74767581797678777978|78NWNWWNWNWCalmSSEswAt anchor <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong>mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Peiho,Yellow Sea.Moderate breezes.Saturday, August 10, 1816.Moderate breezes <strong>and</strong> clear.Calm <strong>and</strong> fine wea<strong>the</strong>r.Moderate <strong>and</strong> cloudy.______ .^ —— — —*4567891011Mid.1ft34567891011Noon.1234567891011 .Mid.29. 7229.7529.7829-7929.7929-7929.7829.7829.7829. 8075757579798179i79^7977787879828180SESEbyESESEbySN38°.38'E117°.44'Gulf<strong>of</strong>Pe-che-lee.Monday, August 12, 1816.Moderate breezes <strong>and</strong> cloudy.Moderate breezes from <strong>the</strong>SE, with fine clear wea<strong>the</strong>r:lightning at times.Moderate <strong>and</strong> fine wea<strong>the</strong>r.Moderate breezes <strong>and</strong> clear,with lightning.678929-7029.72I
Ixviii APPENDIX.APPENDIX, IxixIIThermom.Thermom.Hour.Barom.Air.Sea.Winds.Lat.Long.Hour.Barom.Air.Sea.Winds.Lat.Long.1345678q «y1011Noon.1234567891011Mid.1234567891011Noon.12345678929; . 79h29.8029.8029 . 7429.7729 . 8029-7929. 7029.7129.7229.7229. 7429.7129. 7429 . 7089°8380|7977797979^8079°8180787878787880SbyWsswSEESESESEbySCalmSEbySSEWSWSouthSSESbyEN38°.34'E118°.08'Gulf<strong>of</strong>Pe-che-lee.N38°.29'E118°.20'Gulf<strong>of</strong>Pe-che-lee.•Tuesday, August 13, 1816.In <strong>the</strong> evening we had freshbreezes from <strong>the</strong> SE — sky assuming a threatening appearance. Towards midnight itmoderated, at which time it fellcalm.Wednesday, August 14, 1816.After midnight a moderatebreeze sprung up from <strong>the</strong> SE.About 4 A.M. it shiftedmore <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Southward, <strong>and</strong>remained so <strong>the</strong> rest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> day.Wea<strong>the</strong>r fine.1234567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.1234567891011Noon.12345678929i .77h29.7929.7829.7629. 7429. 7429. 7629 . 86 ,29. 7929-8029.8029. 7429.7429 . 7476°7878J8078777979i8079!°808182808181 i81SEEastEbyNENEEbyNEbySEbyNE by S»
Ixx APPENDIX.Hour.1234567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.1234567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.Barom.29! .74h29. 7429.7429. 7429-7529.7429. 7429.7029.7029.7129.7229.8029.8129.8029. 8229.8829.8229.9029-9829 .98Thermom.Air.78!°79!8182797979i797978!7878Sea.80°8481818080808079!707878Winds.SbyWsswSWbySSWNEbyNEastEbySEastEbyNNEby EENESEbyECalm.EastLat.N37°.20'Long.E119°.SS'Gulf <strong>of</strong> Pe-che-lee.N37°.47'E119°.37'Gulf <strong>of</strong> Pe-che-lee.Saturday, August 17, 1816.To-day we have had a breezefrom <strong>the</strong> SW.During <strong>the</strong> afternoon <strong>the</strong>wind shifted <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Eastward,where it remained, <strong>and</strong> blew asteady breeze.Sunday, August 18, 1816.After midnight we had amoderate breeze from <strong>the</strong> Eastward,<strong>and</strong>at4A.M. it freshenedup at ENE, where it continueduntil <strong>the</strong> evening, at whichtime it shifted <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> SE, withrain.At eight it was nearly calm.About nine a breeze sprungup from <strong>the</strong> Eastward, accompanied by rain._____ — -fHour.1234567891011Noon1234567891011Mid.1234567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.Barom.29'. 98h29 .9429.9229.9229.9229.9229.9429.9929.9530.0030.0230.0330.0029.9029.9029-90Thermom.Air.73!" 77J°747574!7676757474Sea.77!77!767877!7877!Winds.NNEENENENE by NNby ENNENEbyNAPPENDIX. IxxiLat.N37°.40'Long.E119°-44'Gulf <strong>of</strong> Pe-che-lee.N37°.46/E120°.08'Gulf <strong>of</strong> Pe-che-leeMonday, August 19, 1816.A light air.1 LTowards noon <strong>the</strong> breezefreshened up at North-easterly,where it continued all day, <strong>and</strong>blew ra<strong>the</strong>r fresh, with a shortswell.Tuesday, August 20, 1816.During <strong>the</strong> night it blew asteady fresh breeze from NNE,in which quarter it continuedall this day.The sky having athreateningappearance.Towards <strong>the</strong> evening moderated.Near midnight <strong>the</strong> wind cameround <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> SW, <strong>and</strong> blew amoderate breeze.-»4,I l;l.jfl
IxxiiAPPENDIX.1APPENDIX. IxxiiiHour.1234567891011Noon.123456789Barom.29! . 80h29.8029.8029-7829.7629.76Thermom.Air.74°'7976Sea.77°7777Winds.swsswSby WCalmEastLat.N87°.51'Long. ,E120°.33'Gulf<strong>of</strong>Pe-che-lee.Wednesday, August 21, 1816.The early part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> day<strong>the</strong> wind has been moderatefrom <strong>the</strong> Southward.About noon it died away,but shortly after a breeze sprungup from <strong>the</strong>Eastward,<strong>and</strong> blewpretty steady from that quartertill <strong>the</strong> evening, when it hauledround <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> SE.Hour.134567891011Noon.123456789Barom.29'.70h29.7029-7229-7029-68Thermom.Air. Sea.78° 78°80 7881 78J80 78Winds.NESEbyESELat.Long.At anchor inChea<strong>to</strong>w Bay, Yellow Sea.Friday, August 23, 1816.During <strong>the</strong> night <strong>the</strong> windhas been moderate, <strong>and</strong> steadyfrom <strong>the</strong> Southward.tIn <strong>the</strong> forenoon it veered <strong>to</strong><strong>the</strong> NE, <strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong>wards night <strong>to</strong><strong>the</strong> Southward.29.747577SEbyS29.667978Calm*1011Mid.1229.8274J73SbyEThursday, August 22, 1816.1011Mid.1229-667778SouthSouthSaturday, August 24, 1816.. ._45678929. 80During <strong>the</strong> early part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>day we had a moderate breezefrom <strong>the</strong> SE.. 4-5678929-707778During <strong>the</strong> morning <strong>the</strong> windwas steady from <strong>the</strong> Southward.29. 80777829-6878J78SbyE"HI1011Noon.1234567891011Mid.29. 8029. 74"29 . 7429.7429-7229.72807877787878•SESSEOff Chea<strong>to</strong>w, Yellow Sea.After noon it hauled <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>Southward.1011Noon.123.4567891011Mid.29.7029-6829-6829.6829-6629.6629.6629-6429.6429-6229. 627979787878787877NEEastEbySChe-a-<strong>to</strong>w,Yellow Sea.kTowards night <strong>the</strong> windhauled <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Eastward, blowing a moderate breeze, <strong>and</strong>steady.IIf
Ixxiv APPENDIX.APPENDIX. IxxvHour.1234567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.1234567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.Barora.29*. 74"29.6429. 6629.6429.5629.5629.5629.5629-6429.5229.5229.5429.56Thermom.Air.78°7978777879i79J7978JSea.78°78m77J77J78787878Winds.EbySNbyENENENbyEEbySSWWNWWbyNNWLat. Long.Che-a-<strong>to</strong>w,Yellow Sea.Che-a-<strong>to</strong>w,Yellow Sea.Sunday, August 25, 1816.The wind continued <strong>to</strong> blowfrom <strong>the</strong> NE quarter all <strong>the</strong>forenoon.In <strong>the</strong> afternoon it hauledmore <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Northward.At midnight it hauled <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>SW, with fine clear wea<strong>the</strong>r.A heavy dew falling.Monday, August 26, 1816.After midnight it continued<strong>to</strong> blow a moderate breeze from<strong>the</strong> SW.About 4 A.M. it shifted <strong>to</strong><strong>the</strong> NW, from which quarter itblew <strong>the</strong> whole <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> day._____——Hour.1/23457891011Noon.123"5 467891011Mid.1234567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.Barom.29i .58h29.6229 . 6.429.6429.6229.6229.6229. 6429.6429.7029.7229.7229.7029.7029.74Thermom.Air.77°787676757577J77i7779Sea.77°787777777776J767676Winds.NWNorthNWbyWSby WNNENEbyENEENENELat. Long.At anchor in3ie-hai-oie harbour,Yellow Sea.Oie-hai-oie harbour,Yellow Sea.Tuesday, August 87, 1816.Towards noon <strong>the</strong> windhauled more <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Westward,with rain, thunder, <strong>and</strong> lightning.In <strong>the</strong> evening <strong>the</strong> wind came<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> NNE.Wednesday, August 28, 1816.To-day <strong>the</strong> wind has beenmoderate <strong>and</strong> steady from <strong>the</strong>North-eastward.Towards night <strong>the</strong> breezefreshened, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> sky becamecloudy, assuming a threateningappearance.
Ixxvi APPENDIX.APPENDIX. IxxviiHour.1234567891011Noon.12345678q «71011Mid.""•" i "24567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.Barom.2&.18h29.7829.8029-8029.9229.9029-9229.9229.9429,9629.9829.9829.9629-9429.9229.9029.90Thermom.Air. Sea.77°7881817879787880807976°76J777877777777788179Winds.EbyNSbyESouthSSESouthswSouthSbyWSWWestCalmCalmNNEENELat. Long.Oie-hai-oie harbour,Yellow Sea.N37°.58'E122°.58'Yellow Sea.Thursday, August 29, 1816.After midnight <strong>the</strong> windhauled <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Eastward, blowing fresh, <strong>the</strong> wea<strong>the</strong>r still looking very black.After 4 it moderated, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>wea<strong>the</strong>r cleared up <strong>and</strong> becamequite fine.About 8 P.M. <strong>the</strong> wind came<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Southward. Towardsmidnight it drew round <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>SW, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n <strong>to</strong> South again.Friday, August 30, 1816.All <strong>the</strong> forenoon <strong>the</strong> wind hasbeen light from <strong>the</strong> Southward<strong>and</strong> SW.About noon it fell calm.At 2 a breeze sprung up from<strong>the</strong> NE, with small drizzlingrain, <strong>and</strong> thick wea<strong>the</strong>r.fIHour.1234567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.1234567891011Noon.124567891011Barom.29 1 . 90h29.9229.9429-9629.9429.9429.9229.9229-9029.9029.9229.9029.9829.9829-98Thermom.Air.79°8080807976767675Sea.79°797979179*78767675Winds.WbyNNWbyNNWCalmNWJNEbyNNbyENorthLat.N37°.55'Long.E123°.37'Yellow Sea.N37°.45'E124°.20'Yellow Sea.Saturday, August 31, 1816.After midnight a light breezefrom <strong>the</strong> Eastward, inclining <strong>to</strong>calm.About noon a breeze sprungup from <strong>the</strong> Westward; wea<strong>the</strong>r cloudy.In <strong>the</strong> afternoon it died awayquite light.Towards midnight a moderate breeze from <strong>the</strong> Northward.Sunday, September 1, 1816.During this day <strong>the</strong>re hasbeen a steady breeze at North<strong>and</strong> North by East.Towards night <strong>the</strong> windfreshened up.
Ixxviii APPENDIX. APPENDIX. IxxixHour.Barom.Thermom.Air. Sea.Winds.Lat.Long.Hour.Barom.Thermom.Air.Sea.Winds.Lat.Long.1234567891011Noon.124567891011Mid.123457891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.29. 8229.8229.8229. 8229-9629.9829.9830.0430.0230.0430.0430.0029.9829.9529.9429.9278°808180807779818079°7980808079787877EastESESbyWSSESbyWSouthSouthSbyWsswswwswWestCalm.N36°.45'E124°.31'West Coast<strong>of</strong> Corea.N36°.18/E125°.54'Monday, September 2, 1816.About 2 A. M. <strong>the</strong> windshifted <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Eastward, whereit freshened.In <strong>the</strong> afternoon it freshened<strong>and</strong> shifted <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Southward,accompanied by a slight shower<strong>of</strong> rain.Tuesday, September 3, 1816.The wind during all <strong>the</strong>night has been steady from <strong>the</strong>Southward, <strong>and</strong> remained soall day until <strong>the</strong> evening, whenit shifted <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Westward.About sunset it fell calm._____1234567891011Noon.I234567891 s| Mid.W i2- 3•f If 6 7891011Noon.12 '3456781 91 1011Mid.29i -95h29-9529.9529-9229.8529.8429 - 8429- 8429.8229.8229.8229.8229.8229.8029.8029.8078°7980817978J80i80808078°7882828079J7980j7979CalmWestNWWestWSWNbyENNCalmWNWWNWN36° 13'E126° 19'West Coast<strong>of</strong> Corea.N36°.05'E126°.27'Wednesday, September 4, 1816.It continued calm all night.About 8 A. M. a light breezefrom <strong>the</strong> Westward.At noon it freshened, hauling from W <strong>to</strong> NW.Towards night <strong>the</strong> windshifted <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Northward, <strong>and</strong>continued <strong>to</strong> blow steady.Thursday, September 5, 1816.About 7 it fell calm.Towards noon a breezesprung up from WNW, withfine clear wea<strong>the</strong>r.Towards midnight <strong>the</strong> windcame <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Northward.
Ixxx APPENDIX. APPENDIX.Thermom.Thermom.Hour..' 1234567891011Noon1234567891011Mid.1234567891011Noon.12345678q1011Mid.Barom.291 . 86h29-8629.8829. 8829.8929.9029.9029.8829.8229.8229.8229-8229.8029.8229.82Air.78i°7979*7977J76808078Sea.78°78787747475767282Winds.NbyENNENorthNbyEENECalmNNWNbyEENENNNECalmNLat.N•35°.17'Long.E126°.09'WestCoast<strong>of</strong>Corea.N34°.32'E125°.35'.Friday, September 6, 1816.BHour.1 » .I •
IxxxiiAPPENDIX.APPENDIX.IxxxiiiThermom.Thermom.Hour.IJarom.Air.Sea.Winds.Lat.Long.Hour.Barom.Air.Sea.Winds.Lat.Long.1Of-J34567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.12467891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.29i .76h29.7629.7729.7629.7429.7829.9029.9029.7429.7629 . 7329.7229.7129.7129 . 7129.7129.7329.8072°73737276767680818279J68°68686880808080i838282NWNorthNbyWNorth.NbyWNNWNWNorthN34°.19/E126°.5'Got under weighfrom Murray'sSound, <strong>and</strong> s<strong>to</strong>od<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Southwardin<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Japan Sea.Saw Quelpaert.N31°.41'E126°.44'Japan Sea.Tuesday, September 10, 1816.The breeze continued atNW until <strong>the</strong> afternoon, whenit drew round <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Northward,<strong>and</strong> freshened up from thatquarter, looking threatening <strong>and</strong>squally.Midnight, strong breezeswith occasional showers <strong>of</strong> rain,<strong>and</strong> a very high irregular swellfrom <strong>the</strong> NE. This seems <strong>to</strong> be<strong>the</strong> NE monsoon, which sets in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Northward much earlierthan in lower latitudes.Wednesday, September 11, 1816.To-day we have had a strongbreeze from <strong>the</strong> N by W, witha high irregular swell settingafter us. In <strong>the</strong> afternoon <strong>the</strong>wind hauled round <strong>to</strong> NW.Towards midnight it moderated : wea<strong>the</strong>r cloudy.II1234567891011Noon.12457891011Mid.19K34Tc567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.*29'. 74"29.7529.7529.7529.7029.70f**7 @Q • 72 t*^29.7829.7829.7229.7029.7029.7629.7829 . 6029.7429.7529. 8029.9029.9529-9429.5280°81 k82J•838382.J838482°82838383828484NorthNby ENEbyEJNENbyENEN29°.38'N27°-48'E127°.56'Japan Sea-E.128°.20'Off Sulphur Isl<strong>and</strong>,Japan Sea.•Thursday, September 12, 1816.During <strong>the</strong> night <strong>the</strong> windshifted <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Northward, witha moderate breeze, <strong>and</strong> fineclear wea<strong>the</strong>r.In <strong>the</strong> afternoon it becamesqually, with a heavy shower <strong>of</strong>rain.This wind, though not fixed,has much <strong>the</strong> appearance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>monsoon.Latitude by Polaris 30° 3' 30"at 2 h. 57 min. A. M. 13th.Friday, September 13, 1816.The wind continued at NE,with a steady fresh breeze; which<strong>to</strong>wards noon freshened considerably, <strong>and</strong> a swell got up from<strong>the</strong> NE. At noon observed in27e 48' N latitude. 2° 30' P.M.it became dark <strong>and</strong> s<strong>to</strong>rmy in<strong>the</strong> NE, -<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> signal beingmade <strong>to</strong> shorten sail, we brought<strong>the</strong> ship under <strong>the</strong> main <strong>to</strong>psail<strong>and</strong> foresail, <strong>and</strong> made preparations for a gale. At 4 wesaw <strong>the</strong> I,oo-choo Isl<strong>and</strong>s SWby S 20 miles. At 5 <strong>the</strong> windshifted from N <strong>to</strong> NE, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>mountainous swell which . wehad experienced during <strong>the</strong> dayrose still higher. The wind didnot blow fresh except in shortrainy squalls. After 8 P. M. itblew at times very fresh, '<strong>and</strong>also in <strong>the</strong> night, but when <strong>the</strong>moon got up it became clear.
Ixxxiv APPENDIX.APPENDIX. IxxxvThermom.Thermom.Hour.Barom.Air.Sea.Winds.Lat.Long.] lour.Earotn.Air.Sea.Winds.Lat.Long.1234567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.123567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.29! .52h29. 5229.5429.5429 . -5629.6029-5829.6029. 6429.5229.5429.6629. 7029.7429.8029.7829.7629.7129.7529.7529.7529. 7S29.8029.8129.8083°8383828180838381J8182| c NWNWbyW8282 NWbyNNW82 NWbyNNWNNW83NWbyN8483| NbyWNorthNNE84 NEbyNN27°-44'E127°.35'Off Loo-choo,Japan Sea.N26°.44'-E127°-32'Off Loo-choo,Japan Sea.Saturday, September 14, 1816.During <strong>the</strong> night <strong>the</strong> windshifted from NE <strong>to</strong> NW, <strong>and</strong>continued <strong>to</strong> blow fresh with ahigh irregular swell.Towards evening it becamemoderate <strong>and</strong> clear.In <strong>the</strong> night fine clear wea<strong>the</strong>r.Sunday, September 15, 1816.A moderate breeze fromNNW, with a clear sky; <strong>the</strong>swell much less, though stillconsiderable.Towards night <strong>the</strong> windveered <strong>to</strong> NNE.I034567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.1234567891011Noon.123456. 7 891011Mid.291 . 84h29.8429.9029.9029 . 8029.8029.8029. 8029. 8029.7929.8229- 8229.7829.7729.7829. 8029.7881°82828018081 k8382818183°838383J8282828282NNENbyENENEbyEEbyNESEEbyNN26°-13'.39"Ei27°.38 (At anchor inNapakiang harbour,Great Loo-chooIsl<strong>and</strong>.Moored inSapakiang harbour.Monday, September 16, 1816.The wind continued at NNE.About 4 A.M. we had severalshowers <strong>of</strong> rain, but soon cleared<strong>of</strong>f.About noon <strong>the</strong> breeze freshened.In <strong>the</strong> afternoon we had ashower.Midnight, clear wea<strong>the</strong>r, withlightning in <strong>the</strong> SW.Tuesday, September 17, 1816.The wind continued at NE,with a moderate breeze. At4 <strong>the</strong>re was a slight shower <strong>of</strong>rain, but it cleared up again ina short time.After noon <strong>the</strong> wind shifted<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Eastward : squally, withshowers <strong>of</strong> rain.Midnight, clear : moderatewea<strong>the</strong>r.«
Ixxxvi APPENDIX. APPENDIX. ixxxviiTherrnoni.Thermion.Hour.Baron).Air.Sea.Winds.Lat.Long.Hours.Barora.Air.Sea.Winds.Lat.Long.1234567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.1234567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.29! .72h29.7529-7529.702Q. 7229. 7429. 7229-6329-6229.6229.5029.5829.5629.5429.5429.5480°8282828182J82ENE82J° NE byEO2ftO 1ENENEby E82 NENNE82 NNE8383£ NECalmEastSSE^apakiang harbour.Wednesday, September 18, 1816.To-day <strong>the</strong> wind has been atNNE.After 4 A.M. we had severalshowers <strong>of</strong> rain.Towards 110011freshened.<strong>the</strong> breezeAt night squally, with rain.Thursday, September 19, 1816.After midnight it continued<strong>to</strong> rain, with occasional squalls.As <strong>the</strong> day advanced it clearedup.At noon quite moderate.In <strong>the</strong> evening it looked veryblack all round, <strong>and</strong> fell calm.About 7 a breeze sprung upfrom <strong>the</strong> Eastward, <strong>and</strong> it commenced lightning. About 8 <strong>the</strong>wind shifted <strong>to</strong> SSE, <strong>and</strong> freshened, with squalls.Towards midnight heavysqualls, with rain : thunder <strong>and</strong>lightning.1234567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.124567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.29i .60h29.6229 . 6329.6329.6429.6929.6929.6829.6929.7029.7029-7029.7029.7029.7029-7080!° 83°84J82818083|88k81i8083 i82^8282838SJ8282SSESbyESSESEbySSEEbySESEEbySNapakiang harbour.Friday, September 20, 1816.After midnight <strong>the</strong> samesqually wea<strong>the</strong>r continued. As<strong>the</strong> day advanced it cleared up.In <strong>the</strong> afternoon it becamesqually, with slight showers <strong>of</strong>rain. Towards evening it lookedvery black all round.It seems probable that this is<strong>the</strong> breaking up <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> monsooii.We were so completelysheltered by <strong>the</strong> l<strong>and</strong>, that wedid not feel <strong>the</strong> wind much;but it was evidently "blowinghard outside.Saturday, September 21, 1816.During <strong>the</strong> day <strong>the</strong> wind hasbeen South-easterly, with occasional squalls <strong>and</strong>. showers <strong>of</strong>rain, <strong>and</strong> lightning.In <strong>the</strong> forenoon <strong>the</strong> windhauled <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Eastward, <strong>and</strong>cleared up^"-
IxxxviiiAPPENDIX.APPENDIX.IxxxixHour.134567891011Noon.13467891011Mid.13457891011Noon.12345678QV1011Mid.Barom.29'.70h29-7029-7029. C829.6629.6629.6629-6229 . 6229.6229-6029.5829.5029.50Thermom.Air. Sea.81°82°83 8282 8281J 8280 8281 82OC) 13Winds. Lat. Long.ENEEbyNNapakiang harbour.ENENEbyEENENEbyEISunday, September 22, 1816.After midnight squally, withrain <strong>and</strong> lightning.About 7 <strong>the</strong> wind hauled <strong>to</strong><strong>the</strong> ENE, <strong>and</strong> cleared up, <strong>and</strong>continued fine all day.Monday, September 23, 1816.To-day <strong>the</strong> wind has beenabout NE; squally at times,with showers <strong>of</strong> rain, <strong>and</strong> everyappearance <strong>of</strong> approaching badwea<strong>the</strong>r.During all this day <strong>the</strong> barometer continued falling, in<strong>the</strong> evening it had reached29.50. The wind in <strong>the</strong> earlypart <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> night hauled <strong>to</strong>NNE, <strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong>wards morning <strong>to</strong><strong>the</strong> Northward.Hour.1234567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.1234567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.Barora.29i .43h29. 4229. 4029.4029.4429. 5029.5529.5629.6329.6529. 6629.7229.8029.8629.8629.8429.8429.8629.9229.95Thermom.Air.81°81797878797877J77Sea.81i°81*8180J808080J79i78Winds.NNENEbyNNNWNWbyNNWNWbyWNWNWbyWNWNWbyNLat.Long.Napakiang harbour.mTuesday, September 24, 181C.In <strong>the</strong> night <strong>the</strong> wind hasbeen about NNE. About 4A. M. it began <strong>to</strong> blow veryfresh, with squalls.About noon <strong>the</strong> wind shifted<strong>to</strong> NNW, <strong>and</strong> increased instrength.During <strong>the</strong> afternoon it Mewhard, <strong>and</strong> gradually shifted <strong>to</strong><strong>the</strong> North-<strong>west</strong>ward, with freshsqualls <strong>of</strong> short duration. At3 30 P. M. <strong>the</strong> mercury began<strong>to</strong> rise, <strong>and</strong> continued rising veryrapidly.The wea<strong>the</strong>r at sunset assumed a very s<strong>to</strong>rmy appearance.Wednesday, September^, 1816.Shortly after midnight itcleared up <strong>and</strong> moderated.During <strong>the</strong> day it has beenblowing a steady moderatebreeze from <strong>the</strong> NW.,Midnight, moderate 5,ndcloudy.!
ixfe APPENDIX.APPENDIX. xciHour.i23f4 ;567891011Noon.12340678o =-*71011Mid.12345 .67891011Noon.1245678911Mid.Barom.29' . 96h29.9629.9930.0030.0029.9929.9929.9929.9929 . 9929.9929.9929.9929.9929 .$829.9629.9629.9429-94•Thermom.Air.78°79837979707680797877Sea.80°81!81!8180!8181!80!8079Winds.NNWNWbyWCalmNNENNECalmNorthENENECalmLat. Long.Napakiang harbour.Thursday, September 26, 1816.The wind continued aboutNNW all day, blowing a moderatebreeze, with fine wea<strong>the</strong>r.8P.M. it fell calm.Towards midnight a lightbreeze sprung up from NNE.Friday, September 27, 1816.After midnight <strong>the</strong> wind diedaway.Towards noonabreeze sprungup from <strong>the</strong> Northward..In <strong>the</strong> afternoon it shifted <strong>to</strong>ENE.Midnight, calm <strong>and</strong> cloudy, 0 *wea<strong>the</strong>r._ ____ -Hour.12S4567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.1234567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.Barom.29i .90h29.9429.9429-9029-9229.9029.9029.9029.9029.9029.9229.9229; 9429.9429.9529.9529.95Thermom.Air. Sea.76!°81 J79°81 J81! 8180 81|76 7975 7980 8182 8181 8180 80J78 80Winds.CalmESEEastNENEENENEbyENELat. Long.Napakiang harbour.iSaturday, September 28, 1816.All <strong>the</strong> early part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>morning it was quite calm.About 8 A.M. a breezesprung up about ESE : in <strong>the</strong>afternoon it hauled round <strong>to</strong>East.Midnight, <strong>the</strong> breeze shifted<strong>to</strong> NE, <strong>and</strong> was moderate.Sunday, September 29, 1816.During this day <strong>the</strong> windshifted occasionally from NE <strong>to</strong>ENE, blowing a moderatebreeze, with fine clear wea<strong>the</strong>r.Towards night it becamecloudy.Blf-Hit
XC11 APPENDIX.IAPPENDIX.xcmHour.1234567891011Noon.123456789Barom.29.9629.9629-9729 - 9829.9829.9129.9629.9529.95Thermom.Air. Sea. Winds. Lat. Long.NEbyE79° 801°82 81NEbyENapakiang harbour.8H 8180 801Monday, September 30, 1816.During <strong>the</strong> forenoon <strong>the</strong> windhas been light from <strong>the</strong> NE.Towards noon it freshenedup.^Midnight, cloudy wea<strong>the</strong>r.Tuesday, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 1, 1816.Hour.134567891011Noon123467891011Mid.12Baroln. .291 . 91h29.9129.9429.9629.9629.9229.8929-8829.9029-90Thermom.Air. Sea.-78° 80°79 8080 ^179 81JWinds. •———— E _______EbySEastLat.N26°.25'Long.E127°.38'Wednesday, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 2, 1816.The whole <strong>of</strong> this day <strong>the</strong>wind has been from <strong>the</strong> Eastward, blowing a moderatebreeze, with fine wea<strong>the</strong>r.Towards night -cloudy wea<strong>the</strong>r.Thursday, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 3, 1816.III1011Mid.1234567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.29.9530.0230.0730.0730. 0029.9429.9429.9429.9429.9279J8079J788080i80^80EastESEEbyS-N26°.34'E127°.38Sugar Loaf Point.N. 24° E.After midnight <strong>the</strong> wind drewmore <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Eastward, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>sky became very black allround:squally, with rain at intervals.We got under weigh at daylight, <strong>and</strong> proceeded along shore<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Northward.The wind continued <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>Eastward._4S67891011Noon.14567891011Mid.29.8729.8729.8729.8629.8629.86788180787881811818180NEbyEEbySEast Napakiang harbour.ENE1EbyNDuring <strong>the</strong> night <strong>the</strong> windshifted <strong>to</strong> NE by E.Towards noon it shifted <strong>to</strong>East, <strong>and</strong> in <strong>the</strong> evening <strong>to</strong>ENE again.1!
XC1V APPENDIX.APPENDIX. xcvHour.134S€7891011Noon.1234567891011Mid. 1 'S3456If891011Noon.124567891011Mid.Barom.29'.87h29.8729.8629.8629.8529.8529.85«9.8629.8729.8729-8529.8429.8229.8229-8329.83Thcrmom.Air.78°7979797881.8117978Sea. \Vindfc Xat. Long.81° NE84,'ENE Sfapakiang harbour.80J SEbyE80 NE80J EbyN81 NEbyE81 NbyENE80*Friday, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 4, 1816.To-day we had a light breezefrom <strong>the</strong> NE, until <strong>the</strong> afternoon, when it shifted <strong>to</strong> SEby E, but only remained a shorttime, coming back <strong>to</strong> NE again,where it continued Until nearmidnight, when it fell calm.0rSaturday, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 5, 1816.In <strong>the</strong> morning a breezesprung up from <strong>the</strong> Eastward,where it remained until noon ;<strong>the</strong>n shifted <strong>to</strong> NE, <strong>and</strong> continued <strong>to</strong> blow from that quarterall <strong>the</strong> rest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> day.Hour.124567891011Noon.1234& 67891011Mid.12 :45 r67891011Noon.1Barom.29' . 8Sh29.8429.8429.8329.8329.83£9.80 .29.9429.9529.923 4 ' £9 . 93 •56 29.93789 1 29.93'1011Mid. 29.96Therroom.Air.78JP8079ji|•78'79|7978J78^jSea.80J°81m80j8080i808079f•iHIWinds.NEbyNNorthNENNENEby ENorthNbyE•NbyELat. Long.Napakiang harbourrSunday, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 6, 1816.The early part <strong>of</strong> flie day<strong>the</strong> wind has been moderatefrom <strong>the</strong> NE.About noon <strong>the</strong> wind shifted<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Northward.At night it (Canjip back <strong>to</strong>NE, with rain.*'Monday, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 7, 1816.After midnight <strong>the</strong> windjcontinuedat NE by E, with showers<strong>of</strong> rain.At 4 A.M. <strong>the</strong> wind came<strong>to</strong>North, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> wea<strong>the</strong>rclearedup : it blew a fresh breeze iromthat quarter all day.Towards midnight it moderated.L.
XCV1 APPENDIX.APPENDIX. XCVllHour.1284567891011Noon.1234567'891011Mid.1234567891011Noon.124567891011MidBaroin.301 . 00h30. 0230.0230.0030.0030.0030.0030.0030.0030.0430.1030.1080.1030.0630 . 0030:0630 . 13Thermom.Air.78°7878767575777877Sea.791° NEbyN79J79!787878g78J7878Winds.NNENE by NNEby E«/ENEEastEbySLat. Long.Napakiang harbour.N26°.34'E127°-26'Tuesday, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 8, 1816.To-day we have had a moderate breeze at NE by N.Squally at times.Towards midnight fine clearwea<strong>the</strong>r.Wednesday, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 9, 1816.During <strong>the</strong> morning a moderate breeze from NE oy E.About 6 A.M. we got underweigh, <strong>and</strong> s<strong>to</strong>od <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Northward.In <strong>the</strong> afternoon <strong>the</strong> windshifted <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Eastward, <strong>and</strong>continued so <strong>the</strong> remainder <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> day.At night, cloudy wea<strong>the</strong>r.Hour.184K*J67891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.1234567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.Barorn.SO'.OO"30.0030.0130.0129.9829.9829 . 9829.9829.9829.9829.9729.9729-9729.9629.9629.9629.9430.00Thermom.Air. Sea.77° 79!'78 7979 79!78 7978 7980 8080 80Winds.ESEEastEbyNENENENESEWestNby ENNELat.N26°.50'.Long.E127°.50'Off <strong>the</strong> Great LoochooIsl<strong>and</strong>.N26°.42'E127°.53'Off Port Melville.nThursday, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 10, 1816.During this day <strong>the</strong> wind hasbeen moderate from <strong>the</strong> Eastward.At night fine clear wea<strong>the</strong>r.Friday, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 11, 1816.After midnight <strong>the</strong> windshifted from NE <strong>to</strong> SE, with alight air.Ten A. M. it fell calm.jIn <strong>the</strong> afternoon a breezesprung up from <strong>the</strong> Westward ;about 8 it looked very dark allround, <strong>and</strong> shortly afterwardsbegan <strong>to</strong> blow fresh from N byE, <strong>and</strong> continued so all night. 'it
XCV1I.1APPENDIX.APPENDIX.xcixHour.123456781011Noon.1246- 7891011Mid.123467891011Noon.134567891011Mid.Barora.SO'.SO1'30.2630 . 2630 . 2230 . 2230.2030 . 2030.3030.3430.2030.1030.0630.0430 . 0430.0030.0030.0030.0230. 02Therraom.Air. Sea.76° 79°^76 7976 7976 7975 7875 78i75 78^75 78Winds.NE by ENEENEENECalmNENEbyELat.N25°.33'Long.E127°.50'Off Loo-choo.N27°-00'E128°.3'Saturday, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 12, 1816.During <strong>the</strong> night <strong>the</strong> windcame <strong>to</strong> NE with a fresh breeze,<strong>and</strong> rain at intervals.In <strong>the</strong> afternoon a swell gotup from <strong>the</strong> NE ; <strong>the</strong> windmoderated, <strong>and</strong> drew round <strong>to</strong>ENE.Midnight, fresh breezes <strong>and</strong>cloudy.Sunday, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 13, 1816.After midnight it becamequite moderate, with rain attimes.In <strong>the</strong> forenoon it fell calm.During <strong>the</strong> afternoon a breezesprung up at NE.Towards midnight it freshened considerably.,- —Hour.124567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.1234567891011( Noon.123567891011Mid.Barom.30. 0230.0029.9429.9729.9830.0230.1830.1030. 1030.1030.0830.0830.0830.10Thermom.Air. Sea.75° 79^75 79751 7975 7974 7874J 7874si 7874,| 79Winds.NEbylSNNENorthNWWNby WNNWNbyWNorthNorthLat.N26°.36/Long.E127°.56'Off Loo-choo.N26°.02'E127°.35'Monday, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 14, 1816.After midnight <strong>the</strong> windmoderated,About 8 A. M. it fell nearlycalm, but shortly after it freshened at NNE.Towards midnight <strong>the</strong> windshifted <strong>to</strong> NNW, <strong>and</strong> continued<strong>to</strong> blow fresh.Tuesday, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 15, 1816.During this day <strong>the</strong> windhas been from <strong>the</strong> N by W,blowing a fresh breeze, withoccasional squalls.At midnight it moderated.-If
APPENDIX.APPENDIX. ciHour.1234567891011Noon.124567891011Mid.1234567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.Barom.SO'^O1130.2030.1030.0030.0030.0030.0030. 0030.0030.0030.0030.0030.0130.0230. 00Thennom.Air.73°74747471757575Sea.77°77|777776777776.JWinds.NbyENbyWNNELat.N26°.ll'Long!E127°.30'Off Loo-choo.NEbyN Napakiang harbour-•Wednesday, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 16, 1816.During <strong>the</strong> night <strong>the</strong> winddrew round <strong>to</strong> N by E, witha moderate breeze. About 7A. M. we weighed <strong>and</strong> s<strong>to</strong>od<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> NW, shortly after <strong>the</strong>breeze freshened, with squalls ;at 2 P. M. anchored in Napakiang harbour.Towards midnight <strong>the</strong> breezefreshened.Thursday, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 17, 1816.The whole <strong>of</strong> this day wehave had a breeze from <strong>the</strong>NNE, with fine clear wea<strong>the</strong>r.Hour.1234567891011Noon.1234,Tff567891011Mid.19,S4>567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.Barom.30! . 00h30.0030.0230. 0230.0030. 0029.9829.9829.9829.9829.98Thermora.Air. Sea, Winds.781 C 76° NEbyNEbyN74 75|NEbyE71 75 NENE76 76NE73 73 7575Lat. Long.Moored in Napakiangharbour.Friday, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 18, 1816.The wind continued aboutNE by N.Towards noon it came <strong>to</strong><strong>the</strong> eastward with a moderatebreeze.At night it shifted <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>NE.iSaturday, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 19, 1816.During all this day <strong>the</strong> windhas been moderate <strong>and</strong> steadyat NE, with fine clear wea<strong>the</strong>r.*
«*"!• . •" "' ————Cll APPENDIX.APPENDIX. cmHour.12S4567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.13S4567891011Noon.124567891011Mid.Barom.29! .98h29-9829.9829.9829.9829.9829.98SO. 00SO. 0080.0030.0030.0030.04Thermom.Air. Sea. Winds.72° 75J" NE73^ 73 7SJ 7S 74 73 72 75J7575 75 757574J NEbyNNbyENNELat. Long.Napakiang harbour.Sunday, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 20, 1816.The breeze still continues atNE, with <strong>the</strong> same fine clearwea<strong>the</strong>r as yesterday.Monday, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 21, 1816.After midnight <strong>the</strong> windshifted <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> N by E, with amoderate breeze.,Towards night it fell almostcalm.Hour.1234567891011Noon.12S4567891011Mid.123457891011Noon.12S4567891011Mid.Barom.30! . 06h30.0630.0630 .0030.0830.0830.0830.0830. 1030.1030. 1030. 1030. 1230. 12Thermom.Air.71°73727070717273Sea. Winds. Lat. Long.NNE74^°75 NEbyNNapakiang harbour74|74NEbyN75 NNE7574 NbyE73iTuesday, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 22, 1816.After midnight <strong>the</strong> breezefreshened up at NNE, <strong>and</strong>continued so all day, with fineclear wea<strong>the</strong>r.,*Wednesday, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 23, 1816.The wind continued steadyat NNE, with <strong>the</strong> same finewea<strong>the</strong>r as yesterday.(I'h t
CIV APPENDIX.APPENDIX. cvThermom.Thermon).Hour.1234567891011Noon.124,rU56789Baron.301 . 04h30.0029.99on qc•~t7 * J/O29.98Air.72°72Sea.75°741Winds.NbyENorthLat. Long.Napakiang harbour.Thursday, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 24, 1816.After midnight we had amoderate breeze at NNE.Towards noon it shifted <strong>to</strong>north, <strong>and</strong> freshened up in thatquarter.After noon we had a slightshower <strong>of</strong> rain, but soon afterit cleared up.Hours.1234567891011Noon.123456789Barora.301 . 20h30.2030. 1830.1630.12 -30.1030.10Air.74°74Sea.74J°757474Winds.NNWNorthLat. Long.Napakiang harbour.Saturday, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 26, 1816.During this day <strong>the</strong> wind hasbeen at north, blowing a freshbreeze, with occasional squalls.Towards midnight it moderated.
evi APPENDIX.APPENDIX. cvnHour.1234567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.1234567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.Barom.SO'.IO'130.0829.9929.9830.0030.0530.0230.0230 . 0229.9529-9930.0030.00;Thermom.Air.72i°7474J.76i76£7676Sea.77°797979797979Winds.NNENEbyNNENEbyNNENELat.N24° . 41'Long.E126° . 0'Japan Sea.N23°.24'E124°.01'Monday, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 28, 1816.During all this day <strong>the</strong> windhas been at NNE, blowing asteady fresh breeze.Towards night it shifted <strong>to</strong>NE.Tuesday, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 29, 1816.The wind has been from <strong>the</strong>NE, <strong>and</strong> a swell rising fromthat quarter.Towards night <strong>the</strong> sky assumed a threatening appearance.- —— —1 ———Hour.1234567891011Noon.123456781011Mid.1234567891011Noon.1234567891011Mid.Barom.SO1 . 50hSO. 30SO. 0029.9230.5030. 8531.1031 .00Tbcrmom.Air.71°7878Sea80°797977 78Winds.NorthNby ELat.N22°.10/Long.E122°.0/Wednesday, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 30, 1816.During <strong>the</strong> night <strong>the</strong> windshifted <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Northward, <strong>and</strong>continued <strong>to</strong> blow fresh, with aheavy swell. Saw <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s<strong>of</strong> Botel-Tobago-Zima, <strong>and</strong>Formosa.The breeze moderated, <strong>and</strong><strong>the</strong> swell abated considerablyas we drew near <strong>the</strong> l<strong>and</strong>.But <strong>to</strong>wards midnight, as wes<strong>to</strong>od <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> l<strong>and</strong>, <strong>the</strong> breezefreshened up again.Thursday, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 31, 1816.Passed Formosa, <strong>and</strong> entered <strong>the</strong> China sea.
ABSTRACTOF THELYRA'S VOYAGE,FROM LEAVING ENGLAND TILL HER RETURN;SHEWINGTHE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT PLACES AT WHICHSHE TOUCHED, AND THE TIME TAKEN INPERFORMING EACH PASSAGE.
ABSTRACTOF THEVOYAGES OF HIS MAJESTY'S SHIP LYRA,IN 1816 AND 1817.THE Lyra, in <strong>the</strong> short space <strong>of</strong> twenty months, viz. from<strong>the</strong> 9th <strong>of</strong> February 1816, <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> 14th <strong>of</strong> Oc<strong>to</strong>ber 1817,visited Madeira, <strong>the</strong> Cape, Java, Macao, <strong>the</strong> Yellow Sea,<strong>the</strong> West Coast <strong>of</strong> Corea, <strong>the</strong> Great Loo-choo Isl<strong>and</strong>,Can<strong>to</strong>n, Manilla, Prince <strong>of</strong> Wales's Isl<strong>and</strong>, Calcutta, Madras, <strong>the</strong> Mauritius, <strong>and</strong> St. Helena; having run, in directcourses, a distance <strong>of</strong> 11,940 nautic leagues, or 41,490statute miles.An abstract <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> various passages, from place <strong>to</strong> place,during this <strong>voyage</strong>, illustrated by brief remarks on <strong>the</strong> particular circumstances <strong>of</strong> each, will probably be consideredinteresting.1.Sailed through <strong>the</strong> Needles passage on <strong>the</strong> 9th <strong>of</strong> February, 1816.Arrived at Madeira, 18th <strong>of</strong> February . 9 days. Engl<strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong> Madeira <strong>and</strong> Cape,Crossed <strong>the</strong> equa<strong>to</strong>r in longitude 25 207 <strong>west</strong>, 2520 ieagi.cs.4th March ....... 15Reached <strong>the</strong> Cape <strong>of</strong> Good Hope, 14th April 41From Engl<strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Cape, in 9 weeks, 2 days, or 65 days.1
cxiiAPPENDIX.APPENDIX.cxmThis is not a very good passage, considering that wecarried <strong>the</strong> north-east trade wind <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> latitude <strong>of</strong> 4° north,<strong>and</strong> longitude 23° <strong>west</strong>, where we got <strong>the</strong> south-east trade,without any interval <strong>of</strong> calms.2.This passage was unusually bad, it being nearly a weekbefore we reached Gaspar Straits, an ordinary run <strong>of</strong>one day: in <strong>the</strong> south part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> China sea <strong>the</strong> south<strong>west</strong> monsoon was very light. An American brig, whichsailed only one day before us from Anjier Point, carried<strong>the</strong> breeze along with her, <strong>and</strong> reached Macao twelve daysbefore us.Cape <strong>to</strong> Java,1800 leagues.Sailed from <strong>the</strong> Cape on <strong>the</strong> 26th April 1816.Arrived at Anjier Point, Java, 7th June . 42 days.Six weeks.4.Java <strong>to</strong> China,600 leagues.After leaving <strong>the</strong> Cape we had strong <strong>west</strong>erly winds,with which we ran <strong>the</strong> longitude down, in <strong>the</strong> parallel <strong>of</strong>38° <strong>and</strong> 39° south, till in longitude 57° east, where <strong>the</strong>wea<strong>the</strong>r being very s<strong>to</strong>rmy, we hauled <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> north-east tillin 35° south latitude, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n ran east till in 90° east,when we steered <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> east-north-east, <strong>and</strong> crossed <strong>the</strong>tropic in 102° east, which was probably <strong>to</strong>o far <strong>west</strong>. Thesouth-east trade hung far <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> eastward, <strong>and</strong> made itdifficult <strong>to</strong> fetch Java Head, which had we not succeeded indoing at first, might have caused considerable delay, as <strong>the</strong>wind still blew out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Straits <strong>of</strong> Sunda.3.Sailed from Anjier Point, Java, on <strong>the</strong> 12th June, 1816.Reached Caspar Straits on <strong>the</strong> 17th June 1816 5 days.Arrived <strong>of</strong>f Macao, 8th July . . .21From Java <strong>to</strong> Macao in 3 weeks 5 days, or 26 days.Sailed from <strong>the</strong> Ladrone Isl<strong>and</strong>s <strong>of</strong>f Macao, on <strong>the</strong> 13th ^d* isl<strong>and</strong>s<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> YellowJuly 1816. Sea- 520Rounded <strong>the</strong> promon<strong>to</strong>ry <strong>of</strong> Shantung <strong>and</strong>' entered <strong>the</strong>Yellow Sea, 25th July ..... 12 days.!From <strong>the</strong>nce <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> anchorage <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> Pei-hoor Pekin River, 27th July ... .2Macao <strong>to</strong> Pekin River, in 2 weeks, or 14 days!This <strong>voyage</strong> can be compared only with that <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lionon <strong>the</strong> occasion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> former embassy. The Lion wasnearly three weeks, exclusive <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> time at anchor atChusan. We had fine wea<strong>the</strong>r <strong>and</strong> steady south-<strong>west</strong> winds,with very heavy dews at night. When nearly abreast <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>south point <strong>of</strong> Corea, <strong>the</strong> wind became variable from <strong>the</strong>south-east <strong>and</strong> southward. In <strong>the</strong> Yellow Sea we had easterlywinds <strong>and</strong> no fogs.P
cxvAPPENDIX.APPENDIX.cxv90 leagues.5.Sailed from <strong>the</strong> anchorage <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> Pei-ho on <strong>the</strong> 1 1th August,18 i6.Arrived at Chea<strong>to</strong>w Bay, after having <strong>coast</strong>ed from <strong>the</strong>anchorage along <strong>the</strong> south side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Gulf <strong>of</strong> Pe-che-lee,22d August .. *. . . .11 days.From <strong>the</strong>nce <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> harbour <strong>of</strong> Oei-hai-oei,23d August ...... .1On <strong>the</strong> <strong>coast</strong> <strong>of</strong> Corea <strong>the</strong> winds were mostly from <strong>the</strong>northward, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> wea<strong>the</strong>r uniformly fine, with heavy dewsat night.7.From <strong>the</strong> south-<strong>west</strong> end <strong>of</strong> Corea <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Great LoochooIsl<strong>and</strong>, on <strong>the</strong> 14th September, 1816, 4 days.From Pekin River <strong>to</strong> harbour <strong>of</strong> Oei-hai-oei,1 week 5 days, or .... 12 days.In this cruise round <strong>the</strong> Gulf <strong>of</strong> Pe-che-lee we had constant easterly winds, which obliged us <strong>to</strong> tide <strong>the</strong> whole way.It blew a gale <strong>of</strong> wind on <strong>the</strong> 19th from <strong>the</strong> north-east, witha high short sea. With this exception, <strong>and</strong> a fresh breezeon <strong>the</strong> 3d <strong>and</strong> 6th, <strong>the</strong> wea<strong>the</strong>r was uniformly fine duringour stay in <strong>the</strong> Yellow Sea, <strong>and</strong> we never experienced anyfogs.ow sea <strong>to</strong> Sailed from Oei-hai-oei, in China, on <strong>the</strong> 29th August, 1816.Corea 40leagues. Made <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> <strong>coast</strong> <strong>of</strong> Corea, 1stSeptember . . . . , . . 3 days.Running along <strong>the</strong> <strong>coast</strong> <strong>of</strong> Corea till <strong>the</strong> 10thSeptember ....... 96.12 days.From Corea <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Great Loo-choo Isl<strong>and</strong> we had north,easterly <strong>and</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rly winds, with one gale from <strong>the</strong> northward.From Loo-choo <strong>to</strong> Lintin, <strong>of</strong>f Can<strong>to</strong>n.27th Oc<strong>to</strong>ber <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> 2d November, 18168.As <strong>the</strong> north-east monsoon was blowing fresh, this quickpassage was <strong>to</strong> be expected.From Lemma Isl<strong>and</strong>s <strong>to</strong> Manilla.2d February <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> 5th February, 18] 7A good passage for this season <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> year.9.Loo-choo <strong>to</strong>China, 320China <strong>to</strong> Manilla, 2003 days, leagues.I
exviAPPENDIX.APPENDIX.cxviiManilla <strong>to</strong>Penang, 600leagues.10.From Manilla <strong>to</strong> Prince <strong>of</strong> Wales's Isl<strong>and</strong>.21st February <strong>to</strong> 8th March, 1817 • • 15 days.Three weeks is said <strong>to</strong> be a good passage. We beatdown as far as <strong>the</strong> latitude 11° north, <strong>and</strong> longitude 87° east,before we hauled across. We had fine wea<strong>the</strong>r all <strong>the</strong> way.Penang <strong>to</strong> Ben-In <strong>the</strong> north-east monsoon this is somewhat under <strong>the</strong>average passage.11.From Prince <strong>of</strong> Wales's Isl<strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong> Saugor Roads, Bengal.- 13th March <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> 27th March, 1817 . 14 days-The average at this season is twenty-one days, consequently this passage is very good. At this season <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>year <strong>the</strong> north-east monsoon has entirely ceased in <strong>the</strong>centre <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Bay <strong>of</strong> Bengal; so that a ship which steerswell out between <strong>the</strong> Nicobars <strong>and</strong> Andamans need notapprehend nor<strong>the</strong>rly winds; whereas in <strong>the</strong> north-easternparts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bay, <strong>the</strong> monsoon still blows faintly, with longintervals <strong>of</strong> calm. A merchant brig, reputed a good sailer,left Prince <strong>of</strong> Wales's Isl<strong>and</strong> 6 days before us, <strong>and</strong> followed<strong>the</strong> inner route, while we went outside, <strong>and</strong> arrived 10 daysbefore her at Calcutta,I13.From Madras <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Mauritius.1st June <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> 1st July, 1817 30 days.•>We were driven by <strong>the</strong> south-<strong>west</strong> monsoon as far aslongitude 92° east, before crossing <strong>the</strong> equa<strong>to</strong>r; here we hada constant high swell. We were much baffled, <strong>and</strong> didnot get <strong>the</strong> steady south-east trade till in 7° south, <strong>and</strong>longitude 88° east. The average passage is between five<strong>and</strong> six weeks at this season <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> year.14.leagues.From Mauritius <strong>to</strong> making <strong>the</strong> l<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> Africa, about Manf;ts it°O ' founding rounding tlie <strong>the</strong>Algoa Bay. -Cape' Cape, 8C 8008th July <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> 22d July, 1817 . . 14 days.Thence <strong>to</strong> rounding <strong>the</strong> Cape on <strong>the</strong> 30th July 8Mauritius till round <strong>the</strong> Cape, 3 weeks 1 day, or 22 days.leagues.Calcutta <strong>to</strong>JMadras, 300leagues.12.S<strong>and</strong> Heads <strong>of</strong>f Calcutta <strong>to</strong> Madras, against <strong>the</strong> south<strong>west</strong> monsoon.From 19th April <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> 7th May, 1817 - 181 days.The average from <strong>the</strong> Mauritius <strong>to</strong> rounding <strong>the</strong> Cape,is twenty-eight days; on this occasion we kept close inshore : we had no current, <strong>and</strong> though in <strong>the</strong> depth <strong>of</strong> winter/<strong>the</strong> wea<strong>the</strong>r was invariably fine, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> water smooth.At night a breeze generally blew <strong>of</strong>f shore. There was aheavy dew every night.I
cxvmCape <strong>to</strong> St.Helena, 570leagues.APPENDIX.15.From <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> Cape <strong>to</strong> St. Helena on <strong>the</strong> llth August . . . . . . i • . 12 days.Mauritius <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Cape (see above) . 22 days.From Mauritius <strong>to</strong> St. Helena in 4 weeks 6 days, or 34 days.Mauritius <strong>to</strong> St.Helena, 1370This is an excellent passage. It appears <strong>to</strong> be a grea<strong>to</strong>bject in making a passage from India <strong>to</strong> Engl<strong>and</strong>, <strong>to</strong> pass<strong>the</strong> Cape without going in; for it is <strong>of</strong>ten easy <strong>to</strong> round <strong>the</strong>Cape <strong>and</strong> go <strong>to</strong> St. Helena, when it is difficult <strong>and</strong> tediousei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>to</strong> go <strong>to</strong> Simon's or Table Bay, <strong>and</strong> much delay isproduced by <strong>the</strong> difficulty <strong>of</strong> getting out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> former anchorage.St. Helena <strong>to</strong>Irel<strong>and</strong>, 180016.From St. Helena <strong>to</strong> Ban try Bay in Irel<strong>and</strong>.Sailed from St. Helena on <strong>the</strong> 14th August, 1817-Arrived <strong>of</strong>f Ban try Bay, 14th Oc<strong>to</strong>ber, 1817 61 days.GEOLOGICAL MEMORANDUM;BEINGA DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIMENS OF ROCKSCOLLECTED ATMACAO AND THE LADRONE ISLANDS, AND ON THE SHORES OFTHE YELLOW SEA, THE WEST COAST OF COREA,,AND THE GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND.This passage was unusually long, owing <strong>to</strong> a succession<strong>of</strong> hard gales from north-east <strong>to</strong> south-east, which we encountered in latitude 47° north, longitude 13° <strong>west</strong>, beginning on <strong>the</strong> 27th <strong>of</strong> September, <strong>and</strong> continuing, withlittle intermission, till <strong>the</strong> 8th <strong>of</strong> Oc<strong>to</strong>ber; after which period<strong>the</strong> wea<strong>the</strong>r became tine, but <strong>the</strong> wind hung constantly <strong>to</strong><strong>the</strong> eastward, so as <strong>to</strong> render it difficult <strong>to</strong> fetch Irel<strong>and</strong>.
mGEOLOGICAL MEMORANDUM.IT is greatly <strong>to</strong> be regretted, that, during this <strong>voyage</strong>,our means <strong>of</strong> gaining information on this interesting subjectwere so limited. In China we were restrained, sometimesby <strong>the</strong> jealousy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Chinese, <strong>and</strong> sometimes by an apprehension on our part <strong>of</strong> giving <strong>of</strong>fence, or <strong>of</strong> excitingsuspicion, by following up enquiries, <strong>the</strong> nature <strong>of</strong> whichit was impossible <strong>to</strong> explain when interrogated by <strong>the</strong>inhabitants. On <strong>the</strong> <strong>coast</strong> <strong>of</strong> Corea, <strong>the</strong> still greater jealousy<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> natives rendered it impossible <strong>to</strong> prosecute geologicalinvestigations beyond <strong>the</strong> beach. Both in China <strong>and</strong> on<strong>the</strong> <strong>coast</strong> <strong>of</strong> Corea our stay at each place was very short,<strong>and</strong> our time being <strong>of</strong>ten, necessarily occupied by avocationsforeign <strong>to</strong> such enquiries, many opportunities were lostmerely for want <strong>of</strong> time. Even at <strong>the</strong> Great Loo-chooIsl<strong>and</strong>, where we remained much longer, our researches wereconfined <strong>to</strong> a <strong>coast</strong> which <strong>of</strong>fered nothing interesting.Having <strong>the</strong>refore nothing <strong>of</strong> a general or striking nature <strong>to</strong> <strong>of</strong>fer <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> scientific world on this subject, I
-pcxxu APPENDIX.APPENDIX. CXXlllshall merely give an <strong>account</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> specimens collectedat <strong>the</strong> various places which we <strong>to</strong>uched at during this<strong>voyage</strong>, accompanied by brief explanations from memor<strong>and</strong>ums made on <strong>the</strong> spot.The geologist will be struck with <strong>the</strong> resemblance which<strong>the</strong> rocks in this remote quarter <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> globe bear <strong>to</strong> thosewith which he has been familiarly acquainted.SPECIMENS FROM CHINA.MACAO.1. Granite, composed <strong>of</strong> white quartz, porcelain clay,<strong>and</strong> greenish steatite, with veins <strong>of</strong> white quartz intersectingeach o<strong>the</strong>r.2. Fine-grained granite, composed <strong>of</strong> yellowish feldspar,white quartz, <strong>and</strong> black mica.Quartz dykes <strong>of</strong> great magnitude traverse <strong>the</strong> granitewhich forms this peninsula.HONG-KONG, ONE OF THE LADRONE ISLANDS,OFF MACAO.3. Lead-coloured compact quartz rock, with imbeddedcrystals <strong>of</strong> flesh-coloured feldspar.GREAT LEMMA, ONE OF THE LADRONJS ISLANDS,, OFF MACAO.4. Coarse-grained granite, with distinct crystals <strong>of</strong>feldspar.ISOUTHERN SHORE OF THE YELLOW SEA.CHE-A-TOW.5. Fine-grained gneiss, composed <strong>of</strong> white quartz, whitefeldspar, <strong>and</strong> black mica, with a vein containing hornblend<strong>and</strong> crystals <strong>of</strong> feldspar.6. The strata are here very much con<strong>to</strong>rted; <strong>the</strong> cliffsat some places being folded up like webs <strong>of</strong> cloth.7. Granular primitive limes<strong>to</strong>ne, containing greenishsteatite.8. Quartz rock, alternating with gneiss.9. A specimen containing amorphous pieces <strong>of</strong> iron.CUNG-CUNG-CIIEEN ISLANDS.10. Very fine-grained gneiss, composed <strong>of</strong> white quartz,flesh-coloured feldspar, <strong>and</strong> black mica.11. Coarser variety <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same.12. Compact blueish-grey feldspar, with grains <strong>of</strong> quartz.OEI-HAI-OEI.13. Gneiss, composed <strong>of</strong> yellowish feldspar, white quartz,<strong>and</strong> black mica.LUNG-CUNG-TAO ISLANDS.14. Coarser variety <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rock described above.111ifi P
cxxiv APPENDIX.APPENDIX. CX XVWEST COAST OF COREA.From an Isl<strong>and</strong> in Latitude 37° 45' North.1. Compact stratified pale-pink lime-s<strong>to</strong>ne; variegatedin colour; strata highly inclined.2. Very compact slaty light-grey rock; strata inclinedat an angle <strong>of</strong> 75°, dipping <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> north-east.3. Dark olive steatitic rock, containing fragments <strong>of</strong>granular marble.4. Very fine-grained greenish hornblend rock.5. Vine-grained purplish slate; <strong>the</strong> strata highly inclined.6. Greenish-grey slate, containing crystals <strong>of</strong> white feldspar <strong>and</strong> specks <strong>of</strong> hornblend: strata highly inclined, dipping <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>the</strong> north-east.SPECIMENS I'ROM H UTTON S ISLAND, COAST OS COREA.Latitude 36° 10' north, longitude 126° 13' east.The following note is taken from <strong>the</strong> narrative at page 8.We found <strong>the</strong> north-east end composed <strong>of</strong> a fine-grainedgranite *; <strong>the</strong> middle <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> a brittle micaceousschistus <strong>of</strong> a deep blue colour-f-; <strong>the</strong> strata are nearly horizontal, but dip a little <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> south-<strong>west</strong>. This body <strong>of</strong>strata is cut across by a granite dyke J, at some places fortyfeet wide, at o<strong>the</strong>rs not above ten; <strong>the</strong> strata in <strong>the</strong> vicinityI<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dyke are broken <strong>and</strong> bent in a remarkable manner:this dislocation <strong>and</strong> con<strong>to</strong>rtion does not extend far from <strong>the</strong>walls <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dyke, though veins <strong>of</strong> granite branch out from it<strong>to</strong> a great distance, varying in width from three feet <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>hundredth part <strong>of</strong> an inch: <strong>the</strong> dyke is visible from <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cliff <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> water's edge, but does not re-appear on<strong>the</strong> corresponding cliff <strong>of</strong> an isl<strong>and</strong> opposite <strong>to</strong> it, thoughdistant only thirty yards. This isl<strong>and</strong> is composed <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>same schistus, <strong>and</strong> is cut in a vertical direction by a whindyke *, four feet wide, <strong>the</strong> planes <strong>of</strong> whose sides lie nor<strong>the</strong>ast <strong>and</strong> south-<strong>west</strong>, being at right angles <strong>to</strong> those <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>great granite dyke in <strong>the</strong> neighbourhood, which run sou<strong>the</strong>ast <strong>and</strong> north-<strong>west</strong>. The strata contiguous <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> whindyke are a good deal twisted <strong>and</strong> broken, but not in <strong>the</strong>same degree as at <strong>the</strong>ir contact with <strong>the</strong> granite dyke.The whin dyke is formed <strong>of</strong> five layers or sets <strong>of</strong> prisms laidacross in <strong>the</strong> usual way.Beyond <strong>the</strong> small isl<strong>and</strong> cut by <strong>the</strong> whin dyke, at <strong>the</strong>distance <strong>of</strong> only forty or fifty feet, we came <strong>to</strong> an isl<strong>and</strong>rising abruptly out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sea, <strong>and</strong> presenting a high ruggedcliff <strong>of</strong> breccia -f-, fronting that on which <strong>the</strong> granite dykeis so conspicuous : <strong>the</strong> junction <strong>of</strong> this rock with <strong>the</strong> schistuscut by <strong>the</strong> granite <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> whin would have been interesting;but although we must have been at times within a few yards<strong>of</strong> it, <strong>the</strong> actual contact was every where hid by <strong>the</strong> sea.The whole <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> south-<strong>west</strong> end <strong>of</strong> this isl<strong>and</strong> is formed<strong>of</strong> breccia, being an assemblage <strong>of</strong> angular <strong>and</strong> water-wornpieces <strong>of</strong> schistus, quartz, <strong>and</strong> some o<strong>the</strong>r rocks, <strong>the</strong> wholei> IJSpecimen 7, infra. •f- Specimen 8. Specimen 10.* Specimen 11, infra. •f- Specimen 9.
CXXV1APPENDIX.having <strong>the</strong> appearance <strong>of</strong> a great shingle beach <strong>and</strong> cliffs.The fragments <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> schistus in this rock are similar <strong>to</strong> thatwhich forms <strong>the</strong> cliff first spoken <strong>of</strong>, (Specimen 8.)The <strong>the</strong>ory which presented itself <strong>to</strong> us on <strong>the</strong> spot was,that <strong>the</strong> lower part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> great mass <strong>of</strong> strata which nowforms <strong>the</strong> centre <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong> was formerly at <strong>the</strong> bot<strong>to</strong>m<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ocean; <strong>and</strong> that <strong>the</strong> <strong>west</strong>ern part, now a firm breccia,had been a beach <strong>of</strong> shingle produced by <strong>the</strong> action <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>waves on <strong>the</strong> upper strata, which may have formed a <strong>coast</strong>above <strong>the</strong> sea: <strong>the</strong> granite <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eastern end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>had been forced in<strong>to</strong> its present situation from beneath <strong>the</strong>strata, with sufficient violence <strong>to</strong> dislocate <strong>and</strong> con<strong>to</strong>rt <strong>the</strong>beds nearest <strong>to</strong> it, <strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong> inject <strong>the</strong> liquid granite in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>rents formed by <strong>the</strong> heaving action <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> strata as <strong>the</strong>ywere raised up. It is natural <strong>to</strong> suppose that <strong>the</strong> raggededges <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> strata forming <strong>the</strong> sides <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se cracks wouldbe subjected <strong>to</strong> a grinding action, from which <strong>the</strong> stratamore remote might be exempted; <strong>and</strong> in this way we may<strong>account</strong> for <strong>the</strong> extraordinary twisting, <strong>and</strong> separation <strong>of</strong>masses along <strong>the</strong> whole course <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> granite dyke. In <strong>the</strong>dyke, as well as in <strong>the</strong> veins which branch from it, <strong>the</strong>re arenumerous insulated portions <strong>of</strong> schistus. .That this last wass<strong>of</strong>tened, seems <strong>to</strong> follow from <strong>the</strong> frequent instances whichoccur <strong>of</strong> its being bent back upon itself without producingcracks. The same heat, generated by <strong>the</strong> melted granitein <strong>the</strong> neighbourhood, <strong>and</strong> which appears <strong>to</strong> have been justsufficient <strong>to</strong> s<strong>of</strong>ten <strong>the</strong> schistus, may be supposed <strong>to</strong> havereduced <strong>the</strong> shingle beach <strong>to</strong> a state <strong>of</strong> semifusion by <strong>the</strong>aid <strong>of</strong> some flux contained in <strong>the</strong> s<strong>and</strong> scattered amongst<strong>the</strong> fragments. We could not discover any circumstancerAPPENDIX,cxxvuby which <strong>the</strong> relative antiquity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> two dykes mentionedabove could be inferred.The junction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> granite <strong>and</strong> schistus above described,resembles very much <strong>the</strong> well known junction at <strong>the</strong>Lowrinmountain, in Galloway, described by my fa<strong>the</strong>r, Sir JamesHall, in <strong>the</strong> 7th vol. <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Edinburgh Transactions. It isalso very like <strong>the</strong> junctions at <strong>the</strong> Cape <strong>of</strong> Good Hope,described in <strong>the</strong> same volume. The same <strong>the</strong>ory has beenfound <strong>to</strong> explain <strong>the</strong>m all.Specimen 7. Fine-grained granite, composed <strong>of</strong> whitequartz, white feldspar, <strong>and</strong> olive-green mica. This rock (7)forms <strong>the</strong> eastern end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>; <strong>the</strong> schistus nextdescribed (8) <strong>the</strong> centre, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> breccia mentioned immediately afterwards (9) <strong>the</strong> <strong>west</strong>ern end.8. Fine-grained compact micaceous schistus: some <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> specimens appear <strong>to</strong> contain plumbago. The stratalie north-<strong>west</strong> <strong>and</strong> south-east, dipping only a few degreesfrom <strong>the</strong> horizontal line.Q. Breccia, composed <strong>of</strong> angular <strong>and</strong> con<strong>to</strong>rted fragments <strong>of</strong> micaceous schistus, <strong>and</strong> angular pieces <strong>of</strong> feldspar<strong>and</strong> quartz. This rock forms <strong>the</strong> <strong>west</strong>ern end <strong>of</strong> Hut<strong>to</strong>n'sIsl<strong>and</strong> *: it rises in high rugged cliffs. The angular pieces<strong>of</strong> schistus are <strong>of</strong> a similar rock <strong>to</strong> that described above (8).10. Dyke, porphyritic granite, composed <strong>of</strong> white quartz,white feldspar, <strong>and</strong> bronze-coloured mica. This dyke cutsacross <strong>the</strong> schistus last mentioned, in a direction north-east* The isl<strong>and</strong> above described was so named by Captain Maxwell, .inxxmfcpliment <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> memory <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> distinguished philosopher whose <strong>the</strong>ory Jiag beenused <strong>to</strong> explain <strong>the</strong> curious phenomena which it exhibits.
cxxviiiAPPENDIX.APPENDIX.CXX1X<strong>and</strong> south-<strong>west</strong>. It is nearly vertical, <strong>and</strong> varies in breadthfrom nine <strong>to</strong> forty feet, with numerous ramifications.11. Dyke <strong>of</strong> compact whin s<strong>to</strong>ne. This dyke is composed <strong>of</strong> five layers <strong>of</strong> prisms, whose length is at rightangles <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> walls <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dyke. It is nearly vertical. Itsdirection north <strong>and</strong> south, <strong>and</strong> is about five feet thick.MAIN LAND OF COREA.12. Lead-coloured, fine-grained, micaceous schistus.From <strong>the</strong> main l<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> Corea, latitude 36° 10' north, longitude 126° 48' east. The strata lie north-<strong>west</strong> <strong>and</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>ast, <strong>and</strong> are nearly vertical; <strong>the</strong> natives objected <strong>to</strong> ourexamining <strong>the</strong> cliffs, though distant less than a quarter <strong>of</strong>a mile from <strong>the</strong> beach.ANOTHER ISLAND OFF THE COAST OF COREA.Latitude 34° 23' north, longitude 126° east.13. Decomposing fine-grained rock ; composed <strong>of</strong> fleshcolouredfeldspar, white quartz, <strong>and</strong> porcelain clay.ANOTHER ISLAND NEAR THE ABOVE.14. Rock composed <strong>of</strong> white feldspar <strong>and</strong> quartz, Thestrata <strong>of</strong> this rock were very much con<strong>to</strong>rted.This rock is <strong>the</strong> most general <strong>of</strong> any in this range <strong>of</strong>isl<strong>and</strong>s, at least as far as we had opportunities <strong>of</strong> examining<strong>the</strong>m. The isl<strong>and</strong>s on this <strong>coast</strong> are very numerous; <strong>the</strong>ylie in great clusters along a line <strong>of</strong> three degrees <strong>and</strong> a half<strong>of</strong> latitude. The isl<strong>and</strong>s vary in length from five or sixmiles <strong>to</strong> as many yards, <strong>and</strong> are <strong>of</strong> all forms. We sawnone that were remarkably high, <strong>and</strong> none which seemedvolcanic. As our stay on <strong>the</strong> <strong>coast</strong> was only nine days,<strong>and</strong> as <strong>the</strong> ships were almost always under weigh exceptat night, it was quite impossible <strong>to</strong> make any careful orvaluable geological observations. It <strong>of</strong>fers a splendid field<strong>to</strong> future <strong>voyage</strong>rs.GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND.\. Grey stratified lime-s<strong>to</strong>ne without shells. This specimen was taken from <strong>the</strong> north end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>, where<strong>the</strong> ranges <strong>of</strong> hills were mostly composed <strong>of</strong> it: <strong>the</strong> stratabeing highly inclined. The hills rise <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> height <strong>of</strong> fouror five hundred feet, <strong>and</strong> present nothing interesting.2. Fawn-coloured, cellular, granular limes<strong>to</strong>ne. Thecliffs at Napakiang are composed <strong>of</strong> this rock; it alsoappears <strong>to</strong> stretch along <strong>the</strong> whole <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> south-<strong>west</strong> <strong>and</strong>south parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>coast</strong>. In <strong>the</strong> narrative, this rock hasbeen erroneously called coral. These cliffs are curiouslyhollowed out in<strong>to</strong> horizontal caves, which have all <strong>the</strong> appearance <strong>of</strong> having been worn by <strong>the</strong> dashing <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> waves;but as it is obvious, that in <strong>the</strong>ir present situation <strong>the</strong> seacan never have reached <strong>the</strong> face <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cliffs, it seems probable that <strong>the</strong> whole <strong>coast</strong>, may have been raised up, by agentle movement, without dislocating <strong>the</strong> strata, or disturbing <strong>the</strong> horizontal position, in which it seems probablethat <strong>the</strong>se caves were formed.The variety <strong>of</strong> coralines which girt <strong>the</strong> shores <strong>of</strong> thisisl<strong>and</strong> was very great, <strong>and</strong> large collections were made, aswell <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se as <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> numerous zoophites which filled upevery part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> reefs below high-water mark. This col-
cxxx APPENDIX.lection, <strong>of</strong> which unfortunately no duplicates were kept,was afterwards lost.SULPHUR ISLANDLies in latitude 27° 5' north, <strong>and</strong> longitude 128° 25' east.An accurate representation <strong>of</strong> it is given as a frontispiece.We attempted <strong>to</strong> l<strong>and</strong>, but <strong>the</strong> surf broke every whereso high against <strong>the</strong> rock that this was impossible. There isa crater on <strong>the</strong> left side with white smoke issuing from it;this has a strong sulphuric smell. The sides <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> craterare stratified. The south end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong> is about four orfive hundred feet high, <strong>and</strong> is formed <strong>of</strong> a dark dingy redrock distinctly stratified; at several places it is cut vertically by great dykes, which being more durable than <strong>the</strong>strata which <strong>the</strong>y intersect, st<strong>and</strong> out from <strong>the</strong> face <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>cliffs <strong>to</strong> a considerable distance.VOCABULARY OF THE LANGUAGESPOKEN ATTHE GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND, IN THEJAPAN SEA.COMPILED BITHERBERT JOHN CLIFFORD, ESQ.LIEUTENANT, ROYAL NAVY.IN TWO PARTS.END OF THE APPENDIX.VOCABULARY.
OBSERVATIONSONTHE LOO-CHOO LANGUAGE.IOr <strong>the</strong> grammar <strong>of</strong> this language I pretend <strong>to</strong> little knowledge, but <strong>the</strong> following observations upon some points mayperhaps be worth attending <strong>to</strong>. The most striking circumstance, is <strong>the</strong> frequent use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> words woo <strong>and</strong> ka; <strong>the</strong>former <strong>of</strong> which seems <strong>to</strong> signify <strong>of</strong>, or <strong>the</strong> 's <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Englishlanguage, as will appear in choo noo ka, a man's skin, or <strong>the</strong>skin <strong>of</strong> a man; ooshee nod stinnoo, <strong>the</strong> bullock's horn, or<strong>the</strong> horn <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bullock; <strong>and</strong> in moo noo kee saw'teeyoong,<strong>to</strong> dig pota<strong>to</strong>es out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ground, or, literally, pota<strong>to</strong>es <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> earth <strong>to</strong> dig out.Ka, it will be observed, is used <strong>to</strong> denote skin, <strong>and</strong> alsoseems <strong>to</strong> signify a receiver or enclosure, as is expressed in<strong>the</strong> words me&zee ka, a well <strong>of</strong> water, meezee being water,<strong>and</strong> ka, <strong>the</strong> place containing <strong>the</strong> water; <strong>and</strong> in ya kasaut eSchoong, <strong>to</strong> go out <strong>of</strong> a place, ka in this instance expressing <strong>the</strong> enclosure, ya you, <strong>and</strong> sawt etchoong <strong>to</strong> go outfrom, as e£choong signifies <strong>to</strong> go.The adjective is for <strong>the</strong> most part placed before <strong>the</strong> subrP
V vOBSERVATIONS.stantive, as teeshodee ickkeega, an old man; w&sa ya, a meanhouse; <strong>and</strong> wockka inn&go, a young woman.There is little variety in <strong>the</strong> termination <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> verb, <strong>the</strong>tenses being expressed by o<strong>the</strong>r means. I have throughout<strong>the</strong> vocabulary considered <strong>the</strong> termination oong <strong>to</strong> denote<strong>the</strong> infinitive, <strong>and</strong> have translated it as such, even when <strong>the</strong>sense points <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r mood, merely <strong>to</strong> preserve consistency ; <strong>the</strong>re are, however, a few exceptions <strong>to</strong> this, <strong>and</strong>some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> verbs will be found <strong>to</strong> terminate in ang, ing,awng, ong, <strong>and</strong> ung. Those ending in oong seem generally<strong>to</strong> make <strong>the</strong> participle terminate in ee, as wockkayoong, <strong>to</strong>separate, makes <strong>the</strong> participle wdckkatee, separated. Thenegative termination <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> verb is generally nang or rang,as no6mang, not <strong>to</strong> drink, is <strong>the</strong> negative <strong>of</strong> nodmoong, <strong>to</strong>drink; me6rang, <strong>the</strong>' negative <strong>of</strong> me6oong, <strong>to</strong> see; <strong>and</strong>nooboorang, <strong>the</strong> negative <strong>of</strong> noobooyoong, <strong>to</strong> climb or ascend.Na is also used as a negative, coonsoona, not <strong>to</strong> rub out,being <strong>the</strong> negative <strong>of</strong> coonshoong, <strong>to</strong> rub out.Nang, ndrang, <strong>and</strong> n&shee are negatives used with a substantive, <strong>and</strong> are always placed after it, as ko6moo nang, noclouds; metzee n&rang, no water; <strong>and</strong> fctyee ndshee, nobeard.Some peculiarities will be found by referring <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> following words: deaf; <strong>the</strong> sole <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> foot; head-ache; palm<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> h<strong>and</strong>; <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>e; <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> wrist.IIPART I.VOCABULARYOFENGLISH AND LOO-CHOO WORDSALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED,WITH NOTES, AND OCCASIONAL REFERENCES TO THE SENTENCESIN THE SECOND PART.
VOCABULARYOF THELOO-CHOO LANGUAGE.Note on <strong>the</strong> orthography used in <strong>the</strong> following vocabulary.-—The sounds in <strong>the</strong>Loo-Choo words are expressed by <strong>the</strong> letters which in English correspondnearest <strong>to</strong> those sounds. There are no mute vowels. The letter a is invariably sounded as in <strong>the</strong> English word^r. The emphasis is marked byan accent over <strong>the</strong> last vowel <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> accented syllable. Ee <strong>and</strong> oo, whe<strong>the</strong>raccented or not, always express one syllable.English.Above, or <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p <strong>of</strong> a thingAliveAlive, <strong>to</strong> beAll (every one)All drink, every one drinksAnchorAngryAnkleAnswer, <strong>to</strong>ArmArrowAwake, <strong>to</strong>AwakingBadBad manBad buildingLoo-Choo.- Wee.- Itch-it'chee.- It'ch-chawng.- E6nea, or I'gnea (Italian gn *.)- I'gnea noodung.- Eeki.- Neetsa.- Sh&nna go o6shee.- Aree ga aanyoong.- Teenoo.- Eea.- O6king.- O6catee.- Nedsha.- Yawna moon, or Y«inna choo.- ' Wasa ya.* This sound is <strong>the</strong> same as <strong>the</strong> Italian gn, <strong>and</strong> will be found in <strong>the</strong> words Gtiqfing, sig-' nifying more; Quangning, a man <strong>of</strong> rank; <strong>and</strong> also in Neesa, bad, <strong>and</strong> Nee, two, which aremost commonly pronounced as if a g were prefixed <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> ».
English.Bailer <strong>of</strong> a canoeBaize, redBake, <strong>to</strong>Bake bread, <strong>to</strong> -Bamboo-caneBamboo (instrument <strong>of</strong> punishment)BasketBeadsBeardBeardlessBeat, <strong>to</strong> ...——, as <strong>the</strong> heart—— on <strong>the</strong> gong—— <strong>to</strong>, with <strong>the</strong> bambooBedBell - - -BellyBelly, bigBelow, or <strong>the</strong> bot<strong>to</strong>m <strong>of</strong> a thingBend <strong>to</strong>, a tbingBirdBird-cage - - -Bishop at chess (lit. priest)Bite <strong>to</strong>, as a dogBitterBlackBleed, <strong>to</strong>, (lit. <strong>to</strong> draw blood)BlindBlind manBlockBloodBlow up, <strong>to</strong>, or light a fireVOCABULARY OF THELoo-Choo.Yoo-<strong>to</strong>6ee.Mooshung.1'rreechang.Qu&shee sookooyoong.Dakee.Bo6chee.Teeixx>.Tamma.Feejee.Feejee nashee.So6-go-yoong.Nacoo-choong.Tanna 6choong (lit. <strong>to</strong> play on <strong>the</strong> gong.)Chibbee o&tchoong.Coocha.St'chee-gSnnee.Watta.W6tta magesa.Stcha.Tammeeoong.Ho<strong>to</strong>o.H6<strong>to</strong>o-coo.Bodsee, or Bodice *.Cooyoong -f.Injassa.Korosa.Chee-hooga-choong.Meegua.Akee meegua.Kooro&ma.CheeJ.Fo6-tchoong.* The o in this word is sounded as in <strong>the</strong> English word Bode.f See sentence No. 101, Part II.+ This word also signifies milk, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> female breast.English,Blowing (through a musical instrument)Blue (colour)Blue (light colour)BluntBlush (lit. red)BoatBoat, <strong>the</strong> bot<strong>to</strong>m <strong>of</strong> aBoil, <strong>to</strong> -BookBone -Bonnet, or head-dress worn by <strong>the</strong> jnatives ^Both alike, or all <strong>the</strong> sameBow <strong>to</strong>, <strong>to</strong> a person passingBow ...Bow, <strong>to</strong> pull a - -Bower -Boy (lit. a man child)Brass -Bread ...Bread-basket, or trayBreadthBreak, <strong>to</strong>, a stick————— a tea-cupBreakersBreastBrea<strong>the</strong>, <strong>to</strong>BridgeBring hereLOO-CHOO LANGUAGE.Loo-Chpo.Gacoo.Tama-eeroo.Meez-eeroo.Chirrarung.Akassa.Timma, or Sabannee.Nakamma.Tajeeing.Sheemootsee *.Co&tsee.iHat'chee Mat'chee.Neechawng, or Yo&noomoong.De£shoong.Yoomee.Yoomee feetchoong.Tannan.Ic'kkeega warrabee.Cheejackko, or Toong.Quashee.Qudshee boong.Habba.O&yoong •}•.Wy'oong.Namee.Mo&nee.It'chee shoongj.Hdshee§.Moot'chee coo.* In speaking <strong>of</strong> books with reference <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir number, <strong>the</strong>y say teetesee sheemootsee, onebook; latesee sheemootsee, two books j but <strong>of</strong> a single book <strong>the</strong>y only say sheemootsee; <strong>and</strong>we never found that <strong>the</strong>y had any plural termination.•f See sentence No. 111.J There is a great similarity between this word <strong>and</strong> that which signifies <strong>to</strong> be alive, (Itch-chawng).§ This word signifies both a ladder <strong>and</strong> a bridge.B
English.Bring fire hereBrinjal (an Indian vegetable)BrokeBro<strong>the</strong>rBucketBullBurn, <strong>to</strong>ButterflyBut<strong>to</strong>nBy <strong>and</strong> byCake, a sweet floweredCalfCalf <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> legC<strong>and</strong>leC<strong>and</strong>lestickC<strong>and</strong>le <strong>and</strong> stick <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>rCannonCapCarpenter's black line box| Carry <strong>to</strong>, or take away—————, a basket on <strong>the</strong> head——————, a child in <strong>the</strong> arms-, with a bar on <strong>the</strong> shoulders jCarrying a basket on <strong>the</strong> armCaskCastleCatCat, <strong>to</strong> mew as aCatch, <strong>to</strong>Catch, <strong>to</strong>, a butterflyChairCharcoalVOCABULARY OF THELoo-Choo.Fee<strong>to</strong>otee coo.Nasibbee.Ootee, or Chirreetee.We6kee.Tagoo.Woo Ooshee.Yaddee, or A'kka,Habaroo.Hogannee, or k&nnee.A'<strong>to</strong>okara *.Magia quashee.Ooshee gua.Ko&nda.Daw.So&coo -J-.Daw'secoo.I'shee-beea.Cammo6dee, or Maw'tsee.Stinseeboo.Mo&tchee eechoong.T6eroo k&mmee<strong>to</strong>ng j.D&choong.Katam'meeoong.Teeroo tenakikakittee.So&coo.Eego6secoo, or Gooseecoo.Mia, or My'a (Chinese).Nachoong deong.Kao&<strong>to</strong>ochung.Kab&roo skelidang.Ee (Chinese).CMcheejing.* See Sentences Nos. 25 <strong>and</strong> 41.•J- This word signifies both a cask <strong>and</strong> a c<strong>and</strong>lestick.J See Sentence No. 70.English.CheeksCheese (literally cow's milk <strong>and</strong> fat)Chessmen -Child (infant) - - -Child, male (literally man-child)Child, female (literally woman-child)Children -ChinChin, <strong>the</strong> beard <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> (lit. lower beard)ChopsticksClimb, <strong>to</strong>, a pine-treeCloth, or clo<strong>the</strong>sCloth, red -Clouds -CockCocoa-nut tree - -Cocoa-nuts -ColdCold water i«Colours - - -Come, <strong>to</strong> -Come here -Come, <strong>to</strong>, down a hill————— on boardComing up from belowCompass -Conk shell -Cool -CopperLOO-CHOO LANGUAGE.Loo-Choo.Hoo.Ooshee noo * chee qiiatee.Cho&njee.Worrabee.I'ckkeega worrabee.Inn&go worrabee.Qua.Ooo<strong>to</strong>6ga.Stcha feejee.F&shay, or May'shung.Matsee kee noobooyoong.Ching.Ak&ssa n&noo.Koomoo.Tooee.Nash'ikee. ,Naee.Feesa.Fe6zeeroo Meezee.Eeroo eeroo.Choong -J-.Cung coo.O6deeyoong.Cho&-oong.Noobo6teecoo.Kdrahigh, or KSssee <strong>to</strong>oee J.Ne6nya go6roo.Seedisha.Aco&gannee.* Noo seems <strong>to</strong> express <strong>of</strong>, or <strong>the</strong> 's used in <strong>the</strong> English langnage: as Ooshee noo chee,<strong>the</strong> cow's milk, or <strong>the</strong> milk <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cow; Ooshee noo ka, <strong>the</strong> bullock's skin, or <strong>the</strong> skin <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> bullock; Doochoonoo choe, Loo-choo's people, or <strong>the</strong> people <strong>of</strong> Loo-choo; <strong>and</strong> will befound in a variety <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r instances.f See Sentences Nos. 18, 1Q, <strong>and</strong> 21.J The compass was generally called Jfussee <strong>to</strong>oee, which two words signify wind <strong>and</strong> acock or fowl; but <strong>the</strong> l<strong>and</strong>smen called it Jfarahigh, which signifies a watch.
English.CoralCover, <strong>to</strong>, over with s<strong>and</strong>Cough, <strong>to</strong> -Count, <strong>to</strong>CountryCowCrabCrab, <strong>to</strong> crawl as aCreep, <strong>to</strong>Crow, <strong>to</strong> -CrowCry, <strong>to</strong>CurlewCut, <strong>to</strong>DanceDarkDaughterDay (at Napakiang)—— (in <strong>the</strong> north <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>)—— after <strong>to</strong>-morrow—— <strong>the</strong> followingDaylightDeadDeaf (literally, ear not <strong>to</strong> hear)DeepDeity (<strong>the</strong> Indian God Boudha)DiceDice, <strong>to</strong> play withDie, <strong>to</strong> -Dig, <strong>to</strong>, up <strong>the</strong> ground————, pota<strong>to</strong>esDirectly (by <strong>and</strong> by)VOCABULARY OF THELoo-Choo.- O6roo.- Sinna shee&stang.- S£ck-quee.- Oohaw'koo-oong *.- A'whfee.- Mee O&shee.- Gaannee.- H&yoong.- Haw'yoong.- O'tayoong.- Garrasee.- Nachoong.- U'nguainan.- Cheeoong, or feeoong, or feejoong.- Oodo6ee, or Makfrtta.- Co6rasirig.- Inndgo oongua, or ungua.- Nit'cheef-- 1'sheeree.- As&ttee.- As£ tinnacha.- Heeroo.- Sheenoong, or gang.- Mimmee chee karung.- Fookfesa.- Bo6sa (Chinese).- Sheego ro6coo.- Sheego roocoo ochoong.- Nin<strong>to</strong>ong.- O6choong.- Moo noo kee sauteeyoong.- A<strong>to</strong>okar'ree, or A<strong>to</strong>oMra.* This is probably Oowhoko, signifying a great many persons.t The day at Loo-Choo is divided in<strong>to</strong> six hours, as also <strong>the</strong> night. In counting a number<strong>of</strong> days <strong>the</strong>y apply <strong>the</strong> numerals in a similar manner <strong>to</strong> that which will be found in a note onTwitchee, an hour j but <strong>the</strong>y did not seem <strong>to</strong> have any names <strong>to</strong> denote <strong>the</strong> days <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> week.English.Dive, <strong>to</strong>, under waterDogDog barksDon't stir (said <strong>to</strong> a persondepart)DoorDraw, <strong>to</strong>, a picture————— bloodDress, <strong>to</strong>DrinkDrink, <strong>to</strong> -wine————, not <strong>to</strong>, wineDrop, <strong>to</strong>, a thingDrunk————, <strong>to</strong> getDry, <strong>to</strong>————, powderDung, cow, for manureDuck, a tameEagleEar——, left——, rightEars, <strong>to</strong> pull <strong>the</strong>EarthEastEat, <strong>to</strong>——, I——, <strong>to</strong>, boiled riceLOO-CHOO LANGUAGE.Loo-Choo.- Seenoong.- Ing-- I'nnoo nachoong.rising <strong>to</strong>? fWfay'i 'sa*.- Hashirree.- Ee-katchoong-J-.- Chee na hy'oong.- Ching cheeoong.- *No6moo.- No6moongJ.- Sack'kee no6moong.- Sack'kee no6mang.- Ooche£rooshoong.- We£tee§.- Weeoong.- KaracMoong.- Eenshoo fo6shoong.- O6shee noo co6soo.- A'feeroo.- Hack'ka.- Mimmee.- Fee'jeeree noo mimmee.- Meejeree noo mimmee.- Mimmee feeoong, or fe£tchoong.- Jee.- Fing&ssee.- Kfonoong ||.- Mo6noo kfonoong.- Meeshee kamoong, or k&noung.* This word is generally used by <strong>the</strong> master <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> house when his guest announces hisintended departure, by saying, Cung, cung.•}• See Sentences Nos. 74 <strong>and</strong> 76.J See Sentences Nos. 2Q, 32, 33, <strong>and</strong> 3?.§ See Sentences Nos. 24 <strong>and</strong> 107.|| See Sentences Nos. 31, 36, <strong>and</strong> 37.
EggsEight 'Eighteen -EightyElbow -English.Eleven -Empty, <strong>to</strong>, or pour outEnds <strong>of</strong> a thingEvery thingExchange, <strong>to</strong>, fansExclamation <strong>of</strong> surpriseVOCABULARY OF THEExpression <strong>of</strong> respect, or salutation - Taw.")———————thanks in returning any~jthingEyeEyebrowsEyelashesEyes, <strong>to</strong> open <strong>the</strong>— — , closing <strong>the</strong>FaceFall, <strong>to</strong> -Fan—— , <strong>to</strong>, one's self—— , <strong>to</strong> <strong>of</strong>fer aFatFa<strong>the</strong>rFea<strong>the</strong>rs <strong>of</strong> a fowlLoo-Choo.- Cooga.f * Kwat'chee, or fat'chee (Loo-Choo);\ Eeyat'see (Japan.)- Kwat'chee joo, or fat'chee joo.- Hapdck coo, or Habback coo.- Teeiioo feejee.- Too.- H&rashoong.- Yo6koo.- A'dee-coodee -f- ?- Kayra.- Yeeah, or Che6-oo-oo.J How.- Mee.- Mai-oh.- Matsidjee.- Mee ho6ra choong.- Neebo6ee.- Steera, or Skeera j.- Tawshoong, or Taw'ring§.- O'jee.- Ojeeshoong.- O'jee kara.- Quaitee.- Shoo.- Tooee noo han'nee.* See Numerals, Loo-Choo <strong>and</strong> Japan, Part II. after <strong>the</strong> Sentences.t This word, which is composed <strong>of</strong> addee, this, <strong>and</strong> coodee, that, I am not positive <strong>of</strong>,<strong>and</strong> I have <strong>the</strong>refore affixed a query against it.J This is a very difficult word <strong>to</strong> pronounce, <strong>and</strong> I am not certain <strong>of</strong> having conveyed itstrue sound.§ See Sentence No. 111.English.FemaleFence <strong>of</strong> bambooFiddle———•, <strong>to</strong> play on <strong>the</strong>——— stringsFifteenFiftyFill, <strong>to</strong> . -Find, <strong>to</strong>Finger———, fore———, little———, middle——— ringFire——, <strong>to</strong> put out——, <strong>to</strong>, a gunFish———, a small———————— blueish——, a large red———, <strong>the</strong> back <strong>of</strong> a——, <strong>the</strong> fin <strong>of</strong> a——, <strong>the</strong> gills <strong>of</strong> a———, <strong>the</strong> head <strong>of</strong> a———, <strong>the</strong> tail <strong>of</strong> a——, <strong>to</strong> catch——— hook <strong>and</strong> line——— spearFive———sided figureLOO-CHOO LANGUAGE.Loo-Choo.- Mee.- Dack'kee gat'chee.- Nedshing.- Feetchoong (lit. <strong>to</strong> pull.)- Cheeroo.- Go6njoo.- Gooshacoo, or gooyacoo.- I'ddeecoong.- To6matung *;- Ee"bee.- Choo shdshee.- ESbeegwaw.- Nack'ka e£bee.. - Nanna shee.r Thimmee.- Fee.- Fee cha-chee.- Narashoong.- Ee<strong>of</strong>.- Coosa eeo.- Tamung eeo.- Matchee eeo.- Kanjee.- Hannay.- Ajee.- Chee-boo-soo.- Dzoo.- Eeo kakeeoong.- Cheena.- E6o stit'chee.- Goo (Loo-Choo); Ittitsee (Japan) J.- Roo-ka-coo.* See Sentence No. -55.t See Sentence No. 20.J See note on Numerals.
FlagFlail*English.FleshFlesh, noFlower, a red, <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong>Flower <strong>of</strong> a plantFlute, <strong>to</strong> play on <strong>the</strong>FlyFly, <strong>to</strong>, as a birdFoot———, <strong>the</strong> sole <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>———, <strong>of</strong> a birdForeheadForty - - -FourFour-sided figureFourteenFriendFrogFull——, halfGet upGirdleGirlGive, <strong>to</strong> - -GlassGo, <strong>to</strong>———, away,———, in a boatVOCABULARY OF THELoo-Choo.- Hata.- Co6ra ma baw *.- Shishee.- Shishee ning.- A'ckka banna.- Fanna.- Hanshaw.- Hayeh.- Toobeeoong.- Shanna.- SMnna watta (lit. belly <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> foot).- Fisha.- Fitchayeh.- Speeakoo, or Sabacoo.IfShee (Loo-Choo); E6ots see, or joo( (Japan).- Sicca Co6dair.- She6njoo.- Eedo6shee.- A'tta beetsee.- Meetchittee.- Ham'boong.- Ta-tee.- O'bee.- Tack'kee.- Que^oongj.- Kagung.- E6choong§.- Haddee.- Timma ki eechoong.* The nearest sound <strong>to</strong> that <strong>of</strong> flail which a native <strong>of</strong> Loo-Choo could utter was that <strong>of</strong>Freyroo; generally speaking <strong>the</strong>y found great difficulty in pronouncing English words. Thenearest sound <strong>to</strong> that <strong>of</strong> our / was Airoo, <strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong> that <strong>of</strong> ml was Bayroo,t See note on Numerals.J See Sentences Nos. 45, 47, <strong>and</strong> 48.§ The intention <strong>of</strong> departing from a house is generally announced by Cung, cung.English.Go, <strong>to</strong>, fast———, up a hill——, not <strong>to</strong>, up a hill——, <strong>to</strong>, s^w————, on shoreGoat———,he———, sheGoing down belowGoldGood (for eating)——— (proper)—— man——— bye (taking leave)—— for nothing——, notGr<strong>and</strong>-childrenGrass——, <strong>to</strong> cutGrasshopperGraveGreybeardGreat coat (made <strong>of</strong> straw,by <strong>the</strong> Chinese)Great man (Chinese Tajin)—i—— manyGreenGrind, <strong>to</strong>, <strong>the</strong> teethGroaningHairHammer——— <strong>of</strong> a s<strong>to</strong>ne-cutterLOO-CHOO LANGUAGE.Loo-Choo.- Hayee sit'choong.- No6booyoong (lit. <strong>to</strong> climb^.- No6boorang.-• Yaw'na eechoong.- Amaki e&hoong, or mo6doe£ong.- Feeja,- Woo Fee"ja.- Mee Feeja.- O6rittee coo.- Ching.- Masa.- Choorasa.- Yookachoo, or E&hoo.- W6ckkatee.- Maconarang.- Worro6sa.- Soong maga.- Goosit'chee, or CoosS.- CoosS che£oong.- Shee"<strong>to</strong>, or Sayeh.- Haka.- Feejee sheer^jee.worn also)^New.-- A'jee, or Paychin.- Oowh6ko.- O'sa.- Ha gissee gissee.- Do6nee.- Kurrazzee *.- Go6shung.- 06noo.* The hair <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> natives is formed in<strong>to</strong> a knot on <strong>the</strong> crown <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> head, <strong>and</strong> fastened bytwo pins <strong>of</strong> silver or brass, <strong>the</strong> one ornamented by a flowered head, called kamma-shishee, <strong>and</strong><strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r oostiee-thushee. that worn by <strong>the</strong> children is called jeefa.C
H<strong>and</strong>———, right——, leftEnglish,H<strong>and</strong>kerchiefH<strong>and</strong>someHarpHat, worn by <strong>the</strong> natives—————————— EnglishHave not got• waterHead, humanHead-ache (lit. sick head)Head, <strong>of</strong> a birdHear, <strong>to</strong>——,1——, I cannot (or underst<strong>and</strong>)HeartHeaven————, praying <strong>to</strong>HeavyHeel <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> footHereHide, <strong>to</strong>, or cover (lit. cannot see)—— <strong>of</strong> a bullockHim (a third person)HipsVOCABULARY OF THELoo-Ckott.Kee*.Meejeeree.Feejeeree.Tee-sddjee -f-.Choor&sa.San'gshing.Kdssa.Kamo6ree.Nang J, or Ndrang.Me6zee § ndrang.Boosee.Seebo6roo yddong.Tseebo6roo.Sit'choong, or Skit'choong.Mo6noo sit'choong ||.Sit'cheerang, or Sit'cheekdrang.Nacoo.Ting.Ting o6neewhfa
English.Inches, ten ;InfantInkInkst<strong>and</strong>Inside———, or s<strong>of</strong>t <strong>of</strong> breadIronJump, <strong>to</strong>KeyKick, <strong>to</strong>, with <strong>the</strong> footKid (lit. small goat)Kill, <strong>to</strong>————, birds————, by <strong>the</strong> fire <strong>of</strong> a gunKing, or monarchKing's palaceKiss, <strong>to</strong>, (lit. kissing <strong>the</strong> mouth)KissKneeKneel, <strong>to</strong> -KneelingKnife, crooked, for cutting grass———, small (a penknife)Knight, at chessKnot———, <strong>to</strong> tie aKnucklesLacker, <strong>to</strong>LadderLake, or light purpleL<strong>and</strong>, or shoreLantern• ••", foldingVOCABULARY OF THELoo-Choo,- EesMckkoo.- W6rrabee.- Sim'mee.- Sim'mee shee.- O6chee.- Mee.- Titzee.- M6yoong.- Quaw.- King.- Fe6ja agua.- Sheemoong, or Ko6rashoong !- H6<strong>to</strong>o e6chung.- Doogaitee sheenoung.- K6wung (Chinese).Oogo6s-coo.- Co6chee spootee -f-.- Sheemir'ree.- Stinsee.- Shumma git'cheeoong.- Shumma git'chee.- Eeranna.- Seego.- Samo6ree.- Co6nja cootchee.- Co6njoong.- Fo6shee.- No6yoong.- Hashee.- Coonmo61a sat'chee.- Amdki.- Tindoo.- Chawching.* See Sentence No. 96.t See Sentence No. Qfl.English.Lantern, glassLargeLaugh, <strong>to</strong>LaughingLead (metal)Leaf (<strong>of</strong> a tree)——, green (lit. <strong>the</strong> leaf <strong>of</strong> a tree)——, wi<strong>the</strong>red (lit. a dried leaf)Lean (not fat)———, <strong>to</strong>, against a thingLearning, or studyingLet, <strong>to</strong>, fall a thingLetter, or character————, <strong>to</strong> seal a———-, <strong>to</strong> write aLetting go a thingLoo-Choo songLift, <strong>to</strong>, a thingLight, not dark (daylight)———, not heavy———, <strong>to</strong>, a pipeLipsLip, lower——, upper——, <strong>the</strong> beard on <strong>the</strong> lowerLiquorLive, or reside, <strong>to</strong>LizardLook, or see, <strong>to</strong>.——, <strong>to</strong>, at, or see <strong>the</strong> sun-, at a distanceLOO-CHOO LANGUAGE.Loo-Choo,- T«imma-do6roo.- We6sa.- Warrayoong.- Warratee.- Meejee kan'nee.- Wha.- Kee noo wha.- Karree wha.- Yaitee.- Yookata<strong>to</strong>ong *.- Coo<strong>to</strong>oba -f-.- Nageeoong.- Jee.- Ing sit'choong.- Jee katehoong.- O'<strong>to</strong>o batch J.- Lo6choo, or Do6choo o6ta.- Mo6choong.- Feeroo, or Heeroo.- Gasa.- Sheeoong.- Seeba.- Stit'cha seeba.- Quaw seeba.- Co<strong>of</strong>eejee.- Sac'kkeedia, or Sam'tchoo (Chinese),- Sim'ma<strong>to</strong>ng §.- U'ndlecha.- Meeoong, or Meeing |f.- Teeda meeing.- Han'na-rat'chee.* See Sentence No. 101.f See Sentence No. 6.J See note, " Holding a thing."§ See Sentences Nos. 81 <strong>and</strong> 82.|| See Sentences Nos. 38 <strong>to</strong> 44.
English.Look, <strong>to</strong>, closelyLooking-glassLong, or lengthLose, <strong>to</strong>Make, <strong>to</strong>, clo<strong>the</strong>s—————, a noise-, a rope-, saltsugar—————, a tea-potMaking a false stepMaleMallet, woodenMan (homo)—— (vir)——, medical———, <strong>of</strong> rank——, short-, <strong>the</strong> skin <strong>of</strong> a-, smallMast <strong>of</strong> a ship, or boatMat -Match, or fire-stick used in <strong>the</strong> templesMe, or IMeal, 1st (at sun-rise)——, 2nd (two hours after)VOCABULARY OF THELoo-Cfioo,Te£tsheeoong.Kagung.Nagasa.Ooioochung.Ching n&wyoong *.Hdbbeecoong.Che£na o6tchoong -f-.Mdshoo t&tchoong.SSta skoyoongj.Tacoo sookooyoongj.Koonsinda dakat'chee.Woo.Chee-chee.Choo.I'ckkeega §.I'shsha.Paychin, or Qudngning (Chinese).Injasa.I'ckkeega yadong.Choo-noo-ka.Feecoosa.Hasseeda.Mooshooroo, or Hatung.Kaw ||.Wang. 'Stim'mee teemoong.A'ssa bung.* Literally <strong>to</strong> sew clo<strong>the</strong>s,f Literally <strong>to</strong> work rope.J Skoyoong, or Sookooyoong, signifies <strong>to</strong> bake.§ This word, which is composed <strong>of</strong>ickkee <strong>and</strong> ya (ickkee signifying <strong>the</strong>re, <strong>and</strong> ga, whichmay possibly have been originally ya, you), appeared <strong>to</strong> me <strong>to</strong> bear a similar meaning <strong>to</strong> ouryou, sir, or you, <strong>the</strong>re, as <strong>the</strong> natives invariably called out ickkeega, when wishing <strong>to</strong> attract<strong>the</strong> attention <strong>of</strong> any one.|| See note on <strong>the</strong> kawrou. The kaw is also burned when an <strong>of</strong>fering <strong>of</strong> rice is made on<strong>the</strong> kaiano.EngllsJi.Meal, 3rd (at noon)——, 4th (at sunset)Measure, <strong>to</strong>MelonMen, a great manyMew, <strong>to</strong>, as a catMidday, or noonMilk———, <strong>to</strong> drawMillionMine • -MixedMoon, <strong>the</strong>———, or month, one———, full———, halfMonkeyMoreMorrowMo<strong>the</strong>r -MudMusical instrument, <strong>to</strong> play on aLOO-CHOO LANGUAGE.Loo-Choo.- Fe£ra mo6moong.- Yoo bung.- Gdwjee h&ckkiyoong.- Tooqua.- Oowhoko Ickkeega.- Nachoong deeoong.- Tetida matchoo.- Chee.- Chee hayoong.- Chaw.- Co6ra wa moong.- Batee.- Stchay.- It'chee stifchee, or gwadtsee *.- Oostit'chee, or Maroo.- M6casit'chee.- Saroo.- Gnafing.- A'cha.- Um'ma.-' Do6roo.- . Koo<strong>to</strong>o fetitchoong.* The following are <strong>the</strong> names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> months or moons.January - - Shaw gwautsee.February - - Nee gwautsee (lit. 2d month).March ... Sang gwautsee (lit. 3d).April ... Shee gwautsee (lit-4th).May - - Goo gwautsee (lit. 5th).June - - - Roocoo gwautsee (lit. 6th).July - . Sitchee gwautsee (lit. 7th).August - - - Fatchee gwautsee (lit. 8th).September - - Coo gwautsee (lit. Qth).Oc<strong>to</strong>ber - Joo gwautsee (lit. 10th).November - - Shee moo stitchee, or joo itchee gwautsee.December ... Shee wasee, or joo nee gwautsee.The twentieth day <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tenth month (Oc<strong>to</strong>ber), Joo gwautsee, netjoo nitckee, was,according <strong>to</strong> Loo-Chpo time, <strong>the</strong> second day <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tenth month, Joo -gwautsee, nee nitctee.
English.MustachiosNail <strong>to</strong> hang things onNakedName-, short (lit. no neck)Offer, <strong>to</strong>-, winemore, or againVOCABULARY OF THELoo-C?ioo.Wa feejee.Co6jee.Harrdka.Na.Wa na.Ya na.A'rree ga na.Whoosoo *.Co6bee.Coobee nang -f-.Hayee skfttee,Sheebee.Yooroo.It'chee yooroo.CooJ (Loo-Choo), Ko6nitsee (Japan).Co6njoo.Coohacoo, or Queeshacoo,Chee.O6ngba, or Oomba §.Najeechoong.Cheeta.H6nna.H6nnakee.Hacac'koo.Ozagadee,Ozagadee sac'kkee.Matta ozagadee.Teeshooee.Teeshooee ic'kkeega.Karang.« A strong aspirate on <strong>the</strong> first syllable,•f- The negative is almost invariably placed after <strong>the</strong> word.J See note on numerals.§ The sound <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> oong, or oom.li, is very difficult, <strong>and</strong> can only be approximated byclosing <strong>the</strong> teeth firmly <strong>and</strong> compressing <strong>the</strong> souud <strong>of</strong> oong.OneEnglish.OnionsOpen, <strong>to</strong>, or unlockOpen itOrange, fruit————, <strong>the</strong> rind <strong>of</strong> an————, divisions————, <strong>the</strong> seed <strong>of</strong> anOverturn, <strong>to</strong>, or upsetOutside -———— <strong>of</strong> bread (lit skin)Paddle <strong>of</strong> a canoePaint, <strong>to</strong> - - -Palanquin chairPalm <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> h<strong>and</strong> (lit. belly <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> h<strong>and</strong>)Pant, <strong>to</strong> -PantingPaper <strong>of</strong> any kindPathPaupaw applePawns at chessPencil -PerspirationPepper podPick up any thing, <strong>to</strong>PicturePig ...LOO-CHOO LANGUAGE.Loo-Choo,f It'chee (Loo-Choo), Te6tesee, or ta(. (Japan *.)Dehchaw.A'keeoong -f-.Akirree -[-.Kooneeboo.Kooneeboo noo ka.Mee.Tanee.Kooroobashoong.Fooca.Ka.Wayacoo.OorooJ sheenoostang.Kagoo.Tee noo watta §-Eetchee hoo<strong>to</strong>ong.Eetchee.Kabee.Yamana meetchee.Wangshooee.Toomoo.Hoodee.Ac'kkaddee ||.Quada coosha.Moochoong..Ke6-ee, or Kackke£-ee.Bo6ta.* See note on Numerals.t See Sentences Nos. 4Q <strong>to</strong> 63.J Sheenoostang signifies <strong>to</strong> cover over, <strong>and</strong> possibly ooroo should have been written eeroo,which is colour; <strong>and</strong> this word, signifying pbinling, would <strong>the</strong>n be literally <strong>to</strong> cover over withcolour.§ This is literally <strong>the</strong> Icily ttf <strong>the</strong> h<strong>and</strong>, or <strong>the</strong> h<strong>and</strong>'s belly. For an explanation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>noo see observations on <strong>the</strong> Loo-Choo language at <strong>the</strong> beginning.|| This word seems <strong>to</strong> derive its origin from ackkd, lurnmg.
VOCABULARY OF THE LOO-CHOO LANGUAGE.English.Pin worn in <strong>the</strong> hair <strong>of</strong> boys—— flower head worn by men——, ladle head, do.Pinch, <strong>to</strong> - -Pine, <strong>the</strong> wild———, leaves <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>———, fruit <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>—— treePipe———, <strong>the</strong> mouth-piece <strong>of</strong> a——, wooden part <strong>of</strong> a———, bowl <strong>of</strong> a———, case <strong>of</strong> a ,Pitchfork -Pivot on which <strong>the</strong> scull <strong>of</strong> aboat traversesPlace -Plank <strong>of</strong> a boatPlant - -Plantain, leaf <strong>of</strong> aPlay, <strong>to</strong>, at chess-, with dice-, on a musical instrument-,. on <strong>the</strong> flute-, on <strong>the</strong> violinPleasedPlough-,<strong>to</strong>Loo-Choo.Jeepha, or Jeewa.Kam'mashishee.Oosheethiishee.Kcitcheemeeoong *.Adannee.Wha.Adannee nay.Matesee kee.Shirree.Quee co6tchee.Saw.Sarra.Shirree booko6roo.Feera.Jeeco -J-.Skata.FannaJ.Mee boosha.Woo noo fa.Choonjee 6choong.Sheego ro6coo 6choong.Koo<strong>to</strong>o fe£tchoong §.Hanshaw.Feetchoong.Oosha.Sit'chee.Sit'choong.* This word, Katcheemeeoong, <strong>to</strong> pinch, appears <strong>to</strong> be formed <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> words Ka, skin,cliee, blood, <strong>and</strong> meeoong, <strong>to</strong> see; <strong>and</strong> may be translated <strong>to</strong> see <strong>the</strong> Hood through <strong>the</strong> sJtin, or. in <strong>the</strong> skin.t This sound is not unlike that which <strong>the</strong> screwing about <strong>the</strong> scull <strong>of</strong> a boat on <strong>the</strong> pivotcauses.J The same word signifies a flower.§ Feetchoong signifies <strong>to</strong> pull, so that it may with more propriety be applied <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> harp,or <strong>to</strong>uching <strong>the</strong> strings <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> violin with <strong>the</strong> fingers.English.Point, <strong>to</strong>, with <strong>the</strong> fingerPota<strong>to</strong>es, sweetPour in, <strong>to</strong>——— out, <strong>to</strong>PouringPraying <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Deity———— <strong>to</strong> HeavenPowder«————, <strong>to</strong> dry or ail-PregnantPress, <strong>to</strong>, or squeezePrick, <strong>to</strong>, with a knifePrickingPrickly pear bushPriest (Bonzes <strong>of</strong> China)———, <strong>the</strong> silk dress <strong>of</strong> a————, <strong>the</strong> cot<strong>to</strong>n dress <strong>of</strong> a———, <strong>the</strong> belt <strong>of</strong> silk <strong>of</strong> aPull, <strong>to</strong>, or draw out -1————, out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ground————, a personPurplePush, <strong>to</strong>, with <strong>the</strong> h<strong>and</strong>Put, <strong>to</strong>, a thing above or upright————•—, up a thing above, high————, on <strong>the</strong> hat————, or lay a thing down————, a thing in————————— under————, on clo<strong>the</strong>s—————, out fire————, a ring on <strong>the</strong> fingerLoo-Choo.- No6choong.- Moo, or Mo6ndee.- I'rreeing.- Cheejoong.- Cheejee.- Bo6sa, or Bosa meewhfa *.- Ting o6neewhfa.- Eenshoo.- Eenshoo fooshoong.- Kassee jeetawng.- She£tskeeoong,- Hoogashoong-j-.- Yatee.- Cooroojee.- B6dzee.- Eechoo co6room.- Basha co&room.- Quara.- Injat'chee.- Noojoong.- Feetchoong, or fit'choong.- Mo&la sat'chee.- Ko&roo bashoong f.- I'sheeoong.- Injashoong.- Kanjoong.- Oocheeking.- I'ttee.- Kasseemeeoong.- Ching chee'oong.- Fee chachee.- Eebee gannee sashoong.* A strong aspirate on <strong>the</strong> last syllable,f See Sentence No. 105.J Literally, <strong>to</strong> upset.
VOCABULARY OF THE LOO-CHOO LANGUAGEEnglish.Quack, <strong>to</strong>, like a duckQuarrel, <strong>to</strong>Queen, also at chessQuickQuick, <strong>to</strong> beRain——,<strong>to</strong> ' -———, heavy———, lightlyRainbowRatRead, <strong>to</strong> .RedRind <strong>of</strong> a shaddock————— an orange——— (lit. skin)Ribbon, silkRibsRice———, boiledRide, <strong>to</strong>, a horseRight, in writing charactersRing——— for <strong>the</strong> finger———, <strong>to</strong> put on aRise, <strong>to</strong>, from a chairRoadRockRoot (bulb) . -Rope———, <strong>to</strong> makeRough , i.Round———, a circle- Nachoong.- Titskoong.- O6najerra.- Hayee.- YooMoong.- A'mee.Loo-Choo.- A'mee fooyoong.- Sheejeekoo fooyoong.- Kookoo fooyoong.- Noo-oojee.- A'ck-a-sa.- Yoomoong, or Yoono-oong.- Akasa.- Pow noo ka.- Kooneeboo noo ka.- Ka.- Eechoo.- Sawkee.- Coomee.- U'mbang, or bang, or oombang *.Man'ayoong.- Kaichee yanjee.- Coosayee.- E6bee gannee.- E6bee gannee sashoong.- Tatchoong.- Meechee.- See, or We6sa is'hee.- Wee-ee.-. Chfnna.- CMnna oochoong.- . So6roo so6roo.- Morroosa.- Maro6dair.For <strong>the</strong> sound <strong>of</strong> this word see note on <strong>the</strong> English word no.EnglisJi.Round, all roundRowing in a boatRub, <strong>to</strong>————, out————, not out'Rubber, IndianRum, or spiritsRun, <strong>to</strong>RunningSail <strong>of</strong> a ship or boatSail, <strong>to</strong>, in a boatSalt—— water—— <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> tasteSalute, <strong>to</strong>, a personS<strong>and</strong>Say it, I can———, I cannotSea——, <strong>the</strong>, or ocean"——, shore——• weed -.——, highSeal <strong>of</strong> a watchSeam between two planksScrape, <strong>to</strong>ScratchingScrew, <strong>to</strong>ScrewScull <strong>of</strong> a boatLoo-Choo.Maro6ee.Coqjee.So6sooing, or soosootee o6<strong>to</strong>oshung.CSeeree oo<strong>to</strong>oshoong, or Soosootee;C. o6teetung, or coonshoong.Coonsoona.Neeka.K6raboo.Hayay sit'choong *.Hayay. fFoo.Harashoong.Mashoo.Spookar^sa Me6zee.Spookarasa.Kameeoong.Sinna.Naraug-}-.Nammee.O6shoo.Hama, or O6mee.Moo j. ,Oonammee.Ing, or Fang.Nago.Sajoong.Weegosa.Meegoorashoong §.Jfrree.Doo.* See Sentence No. 8.t Narang, or nang, is used on most occasions as <strong>the</strong> negative,J The same word signifies sweet pota<strong>to</strong>es.§ This word it will be observed signifies both <strong>to</strong> screw <strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong>. scull; this may originate in<strong>the</strong> screwing motion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> oar from side <strong>to</strong> side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> boat.
VOCABULARY OF THE LOO-CHOO LANGUAGE.English.Scull, <strong>to</strong>, a boatSee <strong>to</strong>, or look, (lit. <strong>to</strong> eye)See, I cannotSeedSeparate, <strong>to</strong> - -SevenSeventeenSeventyServantSew, <strong>to</strong>Shade, or shadyShake, <strong>to</strong> -Shaking a thingShallowSharp -Shave, <strong>to</strong> -ShellShellfish (like a crab)ShieldShip———, large——, small——— goes away—— returnsShoes, or s<strong>and</strong>alsShortShouldersShrub, with leaves resembling atree, probably sago treeShut, <strong>to</strong>Shut itSkinLoo-Choo.- Meegoorashoong.- Meeoong *.- Meerang.- Nigh.- W6ckkayoong.- Sit'chee (Loo-Choo); Nannatsee (Japan).- Sit'chee joo.- Sit'chee hacoo.- Toomoo, or Eeree, or Sad'ge-ee.- Nawyoong, or No-a-yoong.- Kajee.- Katcheeming. •- Yo&<strong>to</strong>o yo6<strong>to</strong>o.- Aka, or chirraring ?- Sooyoong.- Oosheemaw.- A'mang.- Timbayee.- Hoonee -f-.- Hoobo6nee, or Wes&ra Hoonee.- Ho6nee gua, or Coosara Hoonee.- Hoonee e^choong.- Moochee eechoong.- S6bock, or Sabaugh.- Injasa.- Kutta.palm 3 r Sootitsee.- Meeche6oong.- Mechirree.- Ka.* See Sentences No. 38 <strong>to</strong> 44.t The similarity in sound <strong>of</strong> this word <strong>to</strong> that <strong>of</strong> a character (Hoonatee) written on apiece <strong>of</strong> paper in <strong>the</strong> hats <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> men employed working for <strong>the</strong> ships, has suggested <strong>the</strong> ideathat <strong>the</strong> meaning <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> character may have some reference <strong>to</strong> a ship.English.Skin, <strong>of</strong> a bullock——-, <strong>of</strong> a manSick——— man——— bellySide, <strong>of</strong> a person———, <strong>of</strong> a thingSigh, <strong>to</strong>SilkSilverSing, <strong>to</strong>SisterSit down, <strong>to</strong>, in a chair-, on <strong>the</strong> ground-, or be seatedSixSixteenSixtySleep, <strong>to</strong>SleepingSlowSmallSmell, <strong>to</strong>SmellSmoke, <strong>to</strong>SmokeSmoking <strong>to</strong>baccoSmoothSmooth down, <strong>to</strong>SnakeSnake stingsSnatch, <strong>to</strong>Loo-Choo.- O6shee noo ka.- Choo noo ka.- Yadong.- Ic'kkeega yailong.- Watta eddee.- Harraga.- Tattee.- Ho6ee edchee.- Eechoo.- Jing.C O6tashoong, or ootayooshoong, or( o6tayoong.- OViigh.- Eeoong.- Eechawng, or Eeree.- Eemeeshawdee, or E6dee.. Yooco6tee.- Ro6coo (Loo-Choo); Mo6tsee (Japan).- Ro6coojoo.- Rookpackcoo.- Ninjoong.- Nintee.- Yo6na, or Yawna.- Co6sa.- Kannoong, or Kashashoong.- Kabbasha*.- Fo&tchoong, or kootchoong.- Kinsee.- ToMcco fo6kee.- N<strong>and</strong>ooroosa.- Nadeeyoong.- Hdboo.- Haboo cootee.- Katayoong.* See Sentences Nos. 102 <strong>and</strong> 103.
VOCABULARY OF THE LOO-CHOO LANGUAGE.English.Sneeze, <strong>to</strong> - .-Snore, <strong>to</strong>Snuff (lit. nose <strong>to</strong>bacco)Sole <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> foot (lit. belly <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> foot)Son -Song -Sore from ridingSorry - - -Sour - -South -Speak, <strong>to</strong> -Spear <strong>to</strong> catch fish withSpectacles (lit. eye-glass)Spider -Spider's web . *-Spit, <strong>to</strong> . -Spittle ...Spoon - -Spy glass - - -Square -———, <strong>of</strong> a s<strong>to</strong>ne masonSqueeze, <strong>to</strong> - -Stab, <strong>to</strong>St<strong>and</strong> up, <strong>to</strong>St<strong>and</strong> back <strong>to</strong> back -StarsStay on board ship 'Stem <strong>of</strong> a boat -Stern <strong>of</strong> a boat -* Words <strong>of</strong> Loo-Choo songs:Loo-Choo.Honna fe6oong.Nin<strong>to</strong>ong.Spachee, or Honna Tobacco.Shanna w^tta.Ic'kkeega oongua.06ta*.Nautee. ,Natskasha.Seesa.Whfa or fa.Moonooyoong -f-.To6ga o6yoong.Mee kagung.Cooba.Co6ba mang,Simpay-oong.Simpayee. -Kaa.Toomee kagungvKackkoo.Banjaw gaunnee.Mimmeejoong.Choong.Tatteeoong.Coosee no6chasa.Fooshee.Ho6nee ootee.Oomootee.Cooma <strong>to</strong>omo." Sasa sangcoomeh sangcoomeah kadee yooshee daw, tan<strong>to</strong>ong tan<strong>to</strong>ong tang."A boat song: " Whee-yo ee.—Whee yo ee." The steersman gave " Whee,'' <strong>and</strong> wasfollowed by <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r men with a repetition <strong>of</strong> " Whee yo ee."Ano<strong>the</strong>r boat song : " Quee yay hanno ha.—Quee yay hanno ha." To both <strong>the</strong>se airs<strong>the</strong> rowers Uept very good time.•f- See Sentences Nos. 1 <strong>to</strong> 7..English.S<strong>to</strong>ne——— cutter's hammer——•, carvedS<strong>to</strong>pStrawStrike, <strong>to</strong> -StringStrong——— wineSuckingSugar——— cane———, <strong>to</strong> makeSulky———, notSunSunsetSunshineSun-riseSwallowingSweet———. wine———. pota<strong>to</strong>esSwim, <strong>to</strong>SwimmingSwordA flight <strong>of</strong> s<strong>to</strong>ne stepsA single step- Is'hee.- Oong.- Kawroo *.Loo-Choo.- Matee f.- Warra.- R,6jeecoong.- Ko-eeroo.- Cho6sa. '- Choozackkee, or Sackkeechoo.- No6dee j.- Sata.- O6jee.- Sata sk6yoong.- H^rradat'chee.- Harradat'chee so6na.- Te6da.- Te6da sdgayoong §.- Teeda tettee.- Te^da agayoong.- No6noo<strong>to</strong>6sha.- Amasa.- A'mazac'kkee ||.- Moo, or Moondee.- Weejoong.- Weejee.- Tat'chee.- Keesiee.- Coodammee.* The kawroo is a small square s<strong>to</strong>ne excavated a little on <strong>the</strong> upper part, in which an<strong>of</strong>fering <strong>of</strong> rice is made. On <strong>the</strong> face <strong>of</strong> this s<strong>to</strong>ne is carved a variety <strong>of</strong> characters denoting,<strong>the</strong> rank, &c. <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> person who makes <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fering.f See Sentences in Part II.J See Sentences Nos. 2Q, 32, 33, <strong>and</strong> 37.§ See Sentences Nos. 108, log, <strong>and</strong> 110.II Amazackkee is a contraction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> words amasa, sweet, <strong>and</strong> sackkee, wine; <strong>the</strong> latteralways changing i in<strong>to</strong> z when preceded by any o<strong>the</strong>r word. See wine, strong, weak, &c.I' 1 «Mi
English.To stick a thing in <strong>the</strong> groundTable, roundTail <strong>of</strong> a birdTake <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> hat, <strong>to</strong>* Tat<strong>to</strong>o marks on <strong>the</strong> right arm———————— on <strong>the</strong> left armTea cup-, <strong>to</strong> break a——— pot - - » -———, in an octagon bucket——, <strong>the</strong> metal pot in <strong>the</strong> inside <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> bucket———, <strong>the</strong> cover <strong>of</strong> a——•, <strong>the</strong> h<strong>and</strong>le <strong>of</strong> a———, <strong>the</strong> ears <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bucket <strong>of</strong> aTear, <strong>to</strong> -———— a thing in piecesTears -Teeth———, <strong>to</strong> set on edgeTemple -Temples, humanTen - - -Thank you -That - -There -Thigh -Thirteen - -Thirty -This ....Thous<strong>and</strong> - --, tenThreeVOCABULARY OF THETateeing.Madooee.Dzoo.Hasseeoong.Oodeemaw.Tooga.Chawung.Wy'oong.Tacoo.Tacoo cee.Tacoo mee.Loo-Choo.Tacoo whfoota.Tlcoo tee.Tdcoo <strong>to</strong>odee.Y&yoong.Cheereetawng.N4da.H4 (an aspirate).Ha gibhee gish.Meea (Chinese).Tirra.Koomeegung.Joo (Loo-Choo); Too (Japan).Ka fooshee.A'ddee.Ic'kkee.Moomoo.Sanjoo.Sangbdcoo.Coodee.Mang.O'koo.* Tat<strong>to</strong>o marks will be found in Part II.Sang CLoo-Choo); Meetesee (Japan).English.Three sided figureThread, sewingThresh, <strong>to</strong> - -Throat -Throw <strong>to</strong>, a s<strong>to</strong>ne at a mark——————, away any thingThumbTie <strong>to</strong>, a knotTideTin - - -Tired, or fatiguedTobacco————— pouchTo-dayTo-morrowToe -Toe-nailTombTomb-s<strong>to</strong>neTongueTorn, part <strong>of</strong> any thingTouch, <strong>to</strong> -TownTray, or waiterTread, <strong>to</strong> - -. Tremble <strong>to</strong>, with coldTree———, branch <strong>of</strong> a——, Banyan———, with red <strong>and</strong> white flowersLOO-CHOO LANGUAGE.- Sang cac'kkoo.- Eechoo *.- O6tchoong •(-.- Noodee J.- N&ging.- Oochung-ging.- Hooee Eebee.- Coonjoong.- K&dezee.- Sheedookdnnee.- Amuslieenoo.Loo-Choo.- ToMcco § (as in Engl<strong>and</strong>).- Cooshee sat'chee, or foosa.- A'choo.- A'cha.- SMnna eebee (lit. foot finger).- Sh&nna thimmee. .- Hdka.- Cooroo ishee.- Stcha.- Y&dee tung.- S&yoong, or sit'choong.- Meeat<strong>to</strong>o, or Met<strong>to</strong>.- Chirreedeh.- Kooraming.- Koorooyoong.- Kee.- Eeda.- G^desee maroo kee.- Ho6yoo.* Eechoo. This word is used <strong>to</strong> denote tltread, silk, <strong>and</strong> riblon.•J- Ootchoong, or oochoong, signifies <strong>to</strong> work, <strong>to</strong> play, <strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong> make.J Possibly this word implies <strong>the</strong> act <strong>of</strong> swallowing.§ The sound <strong>of</strong> this word is precisely <strong>the</strong> same as that <strong>of</strong> our <strong>to</strong>lacco. I have, <strong>the</strong>refore,spelt it in <strong>the</strong> same manner.
VOCABULARY OF THEEnglish. Loo-Choo.Tree, with large red flowers, which")„ i 7 , fDee-eego-kee.are called acrca oanna - - JTrowsers - Coo, or Hackkama.Turban worn by <strong>the</strong> lower order <strong>of</strong>} ^_|Sajee.<strong>the</strong> natives———— seven———— eight———— nineTygerVase, or urnVeinsVery well (speaking <strong>of</strong> health)—————— (well done, good)Victual or dinner box————, <strong>the</strong> drawers in itUglyUmbrellaUndress, <strong>to</strong>Untie, <strong>to</strong>, a knotUpper garment s-Water———, hot———, cold———, salt———, a large jar containing - Tooko6ee.- Meegoyoong.- Nee (Loo-Choo); tatesee (Japan).- Neejoo.- Hacoo.- Hacoo it'cheejoo.- Hacoo neejoo.- Hacoo sanjoo.- Hacoo sheenjoo, or sheehacoo.- Hacoo go6njoo, or goohacoo.- Hacoo roocoojoo.- Hacoo sit'cheejoo.- Hacoo fat'cheejoo.- Hacoo coojoo.- Toora.- Jeeshee.- Kajee.- Ooganjoo.- Eetshang.- Pintaw.- Joobackkoo.- Oo<strong>to</strong>oro6sa.- Shassee kassa.- Ching hajeeing.- Ho6<strong>to</strong>ochoong.- E4shaw, or Hoonta.- Meezee, or Me6see.- A'tsee me6zee, or atcheeroo.- Fe6sa me6zee, or feezeeroo- Spookoorasa meezee.Water tubEng-lish.Walk, <strong>to</strong> - - -————, or crawl as a butterfly————, slowWalking h<strong>and</strong> in h<strong>and</strong>, as <strong>the</strong> nativesWash, <strong>to</strong> - - -—————, or ba<strong>the</strong>—————, clo<strong>the</strong>sWashing clo<strong>the</strong>sWatch _ - - -We, or a fourth personWea<strong>the</strong>r - -—————, foul or badWeb-footed bird-, beak <strong>of</strong> a- head-leg- two legs- tail- wingWell (lit. water's skin)WestWetWet, <strong>to</strong>What do you call this ?Wheel <strong>of</strong> a shipWhiskersWhisper, <strong>to</strong>Whistling——————, as a birdLOO-CHOO LANGUAGE.Loo-Choo,( Meez-<strong>of</strong>wh6kee (cont. <strong>of</strong> meezee <strong>and</strong>( <strong>of</strong>oowookee).At'choong.Seega'<strong>to</strong>ng.Yawna eechoong.Hayee sit'choong.Teefeecha.A'rayoong.Indeetawoong.Ching arayoong.Ching aratee.Karahigh._Sasee noo quaw.Yootay.Tinsee, or tinchee.Yetinsee *, or tinchee.Yanna tinsee, or tinchee.Itchooma.Co6chee (lit. mouth).Makarajjee.Sha.Sh<strong>and</strong>ee.Majoo.H6nnee.Meezee ka.Ne6shee.Inneetee.I'ndeetaoong.No6ndeega-Coorooma.Binta.Monotitchoong.Feefee.Ho6sa.* See Sentence No. 109.
VOCABULARY OF THE LOO-CHOO LANGUAGE.English.WhiteWick <strong>of</strong> a c<strong>and</strong>leWill you give meWind——— <strong>to</strong> come in——— <strong>to</strong> go out———, little———, greatWind, <strong>to</strong>, up a watch—————, a string round <strong>the</strong> fingerWinkingWine -—— glass——— kettle———, sweet———, strong———, weakWing <strong>of</strong> a bird——— fea<strong>the</strong>rs <strong>of</strong> a birdWipe, <strong>to</strong>, <strong>the</strong> faceWish, <strong>to</strong>, or bid good byeWrist (lit. neck <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> arm)Write, <strong>to</strong>Writing-deskWrong in writing charactersWoman————, plain————, old————, h<strong>and</strong>some————,youngLoo-Choo.Sheero6sa.Skeeco6tshee.Wang yee quirree *.Kassee, or Kazzee.Kassee noochoong.Kassee eechoong.Kassee gua,We6sa kassee, or tayehfoo -f-.Feenoyoong.Karamachoong.Mee o6chee.Sackkee.Tamma sackka sit'chee.Dackkeezitza.r Amazack'kee, compounded <strong>of</strong> amasa{_ <strong>and</strong> sackkee.Choozackkee, or sdckkeechoo.Eeawzackkee, or sackkee ya.Hannay.Kee.So6sooyoong.W6ckkayoong.Tee noo co6bee.Katchoong j.She6koo.Nawshoong.Innago.Oo<strong>to</strong>oroosa innago.Teesho6ee innago.Choorasa innago.Wockka innago.English.Wood <strong>of</strong> any kindYawning - -Year* -———, one -Years, eighteen, <strong>of</strong> age———, fourteen———, thirty———, twenty-fiveYellow - - -————, dark————, dirty or dingyYes ...Yesterday -Yoke, across <strong>the</strong> shoulders <strong>of</strong> portersYou (a second person)Young -———— woman -Yours -Loo-Choo.Tamoong.A'coobee.Ning.It'chee ning.Joo hat'chee.Jo6 shee.Sanjoo.Neejoo goo.Cheeroo.Kassa cheeroo, or aka cheeroo.Cheeroo dingee.Oo.Cheenoo.Saw.Ya (tay).WockTia.Wock'ka innago.Coora ya moong.* The year at Loo-Choo, according <strong>to</strong> Jeeroo's <strong>account</strong>, is divided in<strong>to</strong> twelve months <strong>of</strong>thirty days each, making in all 360 days, <strong>and</strong> every sixth year one month is intercalated.* See Sentences Nos. 45, 47, <strong>and</strong> 48.•f- This is probably <strong>the</strong> taefung (great wind <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Chinese, called by us tyfeoii), a. severegaic <strong>of</strong> wind in <strong>the</strong> China Sea.I See Sentence No. 73.
SENTENCES,ENGLISH AND LOO-CHOO.NOTE.In <strong>the</strong> following Sentences <strong>the</strong> English is given before <strong>the</strong> Loo-Choo. NoSentence has been inserted <strong>the</strong> meaning <strong>of</strong> which was not distinctly ascertained;but it happened frequently that <strong>the</strong> precise import <strong>of</strong> some words in a SentenceWas not made out, <strong>and</strong> in order <strong>to</strong> enable <strong>the</strong> reader <strong>to</strong> judge <strong>to</strong> what extent this<strong>to</strong>ok place, a literal translation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> words in each Sentence is given in <strong>the</strong> lastcolumn; <strong>and</strong> where a word occurs, <strong>the</strong> meaning <strong>of</strong> which is doubtful, an asteriskis put in its place.In <strong>the</strong> last column it will be observed that every verb having <strong>the</strong> termination oong, ung, &c. is translated as if it were <strong>the</strong> infinitive, although <strong>the</strong> sense,as denoted in <strong>the</strong> first column, points <strong>to</strong> ano<strong>the</strong>r mood.Of Speaking.No. English. Loo-Choo.1. 1 speak - - Moonooyoong2. I speak, you hear - Moonooyoong, ya sit'choong,or Chickkee3. I speak <strong>to</strong> you - Ya, or ea mo&nooyoong,or wang. Ya <strong>to</strong>o mo&nooyoong4. I speak Chinese - Wang Quan<strong>to</strong>ong moonooyoong5. I cannot speak Chinese Wang Qu
No. English.12. I am going on board13. I came yesterday14. Go down <strong>the</strong>re15. Come up here16. You go below17. To go out <strong>of</strong> a place18. To come in<strong>to</strong> a place19. Tayin -j- returns20. To go in a boat <strong>to</strong>Loo-Choo <strong>to</strong> carryfish21. To go <strong>to</strong> sea in aboat <strong>to</strong> catch fish22. Where is Tayin goneS3. Tayin has gone <strong>to</strong><strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r ship <strong>to</strong>pay his respects24. When all are drunkwe shall be permitted <strong>to</strong> go on shore25. I am going now, hewill come presently26. I am going on shore<strong>to</strong> dinner27- I am going on board<strong>to</strong> dinner28. When <strong>the</strong> ships depart <strong>to</strong>-morrow all<strong>the</strong>Loo-Choo people will prayVOCABULARY OF THELoo-Choo.Timma ki eechoongCheenoo chungAmiinka ic'kkeeNoobootee cooYa oodee me6shawdee -Ya ka saut e6choong -Yaka saut choongTayin •}- choo-oongDoochoo timma eechoongeeo katammeeoongTimma eechoong ooshooeeo che6oongTayin makayee ga 6njaraTayin eechoong hoobooneeme£yoong Sheeno6maI'gnea weetee amaki moo<strong>to</strong>teeyo6<strong>to</strong>oshaA<strong>to</strong>okarra wang eechoonga<strong>to</strong>okarra eechoongWang amaki eechoongmoonookamoongWang ho6nee ki eechoong moonoo kamoongA'chahoonee nittee Doochoo mang hooneeo6cooyoongLiteral Translation.Boat * <strong>to</strong> go.Yesterday came.* <strong>the</strong>re.Ascend here.You * *.* * * <strong>to</strong> go.* * * <strong>to</strong> come.The great man <strong>to</strong> come.Loo-Choo boat <strong>to</strong> go fish<strong>to</strong> carry.Boat <strong>to</strong> go sea fish <strong>to</strong> catch.Tayin * * *.Tayin <strong>to</strong> go large ship <strong>to</strong>see *.All drunk shore **.By <strong>and</strong> by I <strong>to</strong> go, by <strong>and</strong>by <strong>to</strong> go.I shore <strong>to</strong> go I <strong>to</strong> eat.I ship * <strong>to</strong> go I <strong>to</strong> eat.To-morrow ship * Loo-Choo thous<strong>and</strong> ship *.Of Eating <strong>and</strong> Drinking.29- To drink wine - Sac'kkee noomoong - Wine <strong>to</strong> drink.t Ta-jin, in Chinese, signifies a great man; it is translated by Mr. Morrison histxcellewy.No. English.SO. Sweet wine31. I eat32. I never drink tea -SS. Tayin <strong>and</strong> you neverdrink wineS4. The parting glass -85. It is good (<strong>to</strong> eat) -36. It is bad, throw itaway37. It is tea, <strong>to</strong> drink38. To look at <strong>the</strong> sunthrough a glass39- I look, or I see40. The English gentleman is looking41. S<strong>to</strong>p, you shall lookpresently42. Clouds obscure <strong>the</strong>sun43. The branches <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>tree obstruct <strong>the</strong>sight44. If a Loo-Choo woman should seeyou she will bealarmed45. Will you give methat46. Give me that pencil47. I gave him somepaperLOO-CHOO LANGUAGE.Loo-Choo. Literal Translation.Amazac'kkeeSweet wine.Moonoo kamoong I <strong>to</strong> eatCha noodee narang Tea drinking never.Tayin ya sackkee noo- Tayin you wine drink nedee narangWockkaritteeCoodee masaNeesha is'kungMeezee treeingnoodeever.- Departing.- This good (<strong>to</strong> eat).Bad *.cha Water <strong>to</strong> boil tea drinking.Of Looking <strong>and</strong> Seeing.Teeda me^oong kagung Sun <strong>to</strong> see glass.MoonoomeeoongI'ngere tayin meesheeoongMatee, a<strong>to</strong>okarra yameesheeoongKoomoo teeda oosooostangToomee kagung kee nookattakashee meerangDoochoo innago I'ngeremeeoong nachoongOf Giving.Wang yee quirreeI <strong>to</strong> see.English great man <strong>to</strong> lookat.S<strong>to</strong>p, by <strong>and</strong> by you <strong>to</strong> lookat.Clouds sun <strong>to</strong> cover over.Spy-glass trees branches <strong>to</strong>hide.Loo-Choo woman English<strong>to</strong> see, <strong>to</strong> cry.- I giving.Hoodee moot'choo - Pencil bring.A'ree nee queetang - Him * giving.
VOCABULARY OF THENo. English. Loo-CJioo. Literal Translation.48. By <strong>and</strong> by I will A<strong>to</strong>okarra qua gnee quee- By <strong>and</strong> by children * <strong>to</strong>give it <strong>to</strong> my chil- oong give.dren49- Shut this, or it50. Open this, or it51. Do you open this, orit52. Open this book53. Openyourwatch thatI may look at itOf Opening <strong>and</strong> Shutting'.AMttee ninjoong - Shutting <strong>to</strong> sleep.Akittee mirree, or aka- Opening it.tindeeAkatindee, or ya akirree Opening, or you opening.Ya sheeinootsee akirree You book opening.Akatindee karahigh mee- Opening watch <strong>to</strong> see.oongOf Losing <strong>and</strong> Finding.54. To lose a pencil - Ho6dee o6<strong>to</strong>ochung - Pencil <strong>to</strong> lose.55. To find a pencil - Ho&dee <strong>to</strong>6matung - Pencil <strong>to</strong> find.56. Two small suns57. A few boys58. A few men59. A great many men60. A few books61. A great many books62. Six kinds <strong>of</strong> wine -63. Making a false step64. Vases made at Napa65. S<strong>and</strong> spread on alevel plain onwhich water issprinkled for making saltOf Quantity.Tatsee teecla guaCoosa warrabeeIckkeeko6sa -Ic'kkeerassaSheemootsee sansateheeSheeinootsee <strong>to</strong>roTwo suns small.Few boys.Men few.Men many.Books few.Books many.Mooeeyroo noo sackkee * <strong>of</strong> wine.Of Making.Koonsinda dakatchee -Napa jefehee sco6teeSinna o6shoo sh&ee mashootatchoongNapa vases made.S<strong>and</strong> sea *make.salt <strong>to</strong>LOO-CHOO LANGUAGE.No. English. Loo-Choo. Literal Translation.66. Sing a song - Ya o6ta yo6shoong - You song <strong>to</strong> sing.67. Jeeroo sings well, or Jeeroo oota yooshoong Jeeroo song <strong>to</strong> singwith good taste cheecheegoo<strong>to</strong>o * *.Of Bringing <strong>and</strong> Carrying.68. Bring your children Ya qua sauteecoo - You children bring.69. Bring fire here - Fee <strong>to</strong>6teecoo - Fire bring.70. This vessel carries Hoonee jeeshee katta- Ship vases *' Oonting.vases <strong>to</strong> Oonting mittee Oonting71. Boy, bring fire <strong>to</strong> I'rree fee <strong>to</strong>6teecoo <strong>to</strong>- Boy fire bring, <strong>to</strong>baccolight my pipe bacco fookee smoke.72. Bring a cup <strong>of</strong> water Chawung n&ki meezee Teacup water *hereeeieecoo here.To rate a letter -74. Tayin is sketching<strong>the</strong> bridge75. Tayin sketches verywell76. To sketch a Loo-Choo temple77. Thank you78. How do you do79. Very well80. I am very sorryOf Writing <strong>and</strong> Sketching.Jee katchoong - A character <strong>to</strong> write.Tayin h&shee noo ee- Tayin bridge <strong>of</strong> <strong>to</strong> sketch.katchoongTayin yo6katchee choo- Tayin * sketchesrasa h<strong>and</strong>some.Do6choo me6a eekatch- Loo-Choo temple <strong>to</strong> sketch.oongOf Compliment,- K& fooshee- Yoo ky'moong- Ooganjoo- Oomootee shangcoomehOf Living or Residing.81. Tayin lives here - Tayin simmajoo coo - Tayin lives here.82. A man living in <strong>the</strong> Ickkeega simma awhfee A man living country.country88. I live on board <strong>the</strong> Wang hoonee gua sim- I ship small <strong>to</strong> livebrigma<strong>to</strong>ng****.*.*.*-
i-'SLVOCABULARY OF THE LOO-CHOO LANGUAGE.No. English. Loo-Choo. Literal Translation.Of Burning <strong>and</strong> Scalding.84. Fire will burn you Fee yaddee - - Fire burns.85. Water will scald you Me6see yaddee - Water burns.86. Scalding oneself with Meezee fidgeroosa yoo Water hot * burns,hot water yaddeeOf Enquiry <strong>and</strong> Reply.87. What is <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> Noondeega coora na - What is this name,this88. The name <strong>of</strong> this is Co6ra ga na ya89- How many children Qui eecootiegahave you90. How old are you or Eecootseega<strong>the</strong>y91. I am fourteen years Jooshee<strong>of</strong> age92. I am eighteen years Joohatcliee<strong>of</strong> age93. —• twenty-five, &c. NeejoogooMiscellaneous.94. To boil pota<strong>to</strong>es - Mootajeeing95. I am very busy - Yoo jo6natan- This * name *._ * * *__ * * *_- Fourteen.- Eighteen.- Twenty-five.- Pota<strong>to</strong>es <strong>to</strong> boil._ * * *96. The sting <strong>of</strong> a snake Haboo cootee sheenoong Snake sting <strong>to</strong> kill,will kill97- Sucking milk at <strong>the</strong> Chee nooma chee - Milk * breast,breast08. A child drinking milk Chee no6dee warrabee - Milk drinking child,at <strong>the</strong> breast99- A child kissing its W&rrabee umma coochee Child mo<strong>the</strong>r mouth kissmo<strong>the</strong>rspootee ing.100. A woman leaning Innago k&ka<strong>to</strong>ng eeld - Woman <strong>to</strong> lean anchor,on an anchor101. A live shell-fish will Amang it'chchawng coo- Shell-fish <strong>to</strong> be alive <strong>to</strong> bite,bite yoongNo. English.102. This flower has apleasant smell103. This flower has nosmell104. Loo-Choo womenare not veryh<strong>and</strong>some105. The sootitsee (sagotree) pricked me106. To plant pota<strong>to</strong>es107. Drunk, I vomit108. After sunset it iscool109. When <strong>the</strong> sunshines, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>reare no clouds, itis fine wea<strong>the</strong>r110. The sun sets at sixo'clock111. The horse fell down,<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> tayinbroke his finger112. After seven yearswe wash <strong>the</strong>bones<strong>and</strong> put <strong>the</strong>m in<strong>to</strong>a vase113. Without any flesh114. The people <strong>of</strong> Loo-Choo I shall neverforget115. You will soon forget <strong>the</strong>m116. Twelve hours makeone dayLoo-Choo. Literal Translation.Fanna masa kabasha - Flower sweet smell.Fanna nang kabasha - Flower no smell.Doochoo innago fwhoocoo Loo-choo woman grea<strong>to</strong>orung many *.Sootitseewangtseechoong Sootitsee I * *.yateeMoo jee hootee ee- Pota<strong>to</strong>es ground * *.yoongWeetee moonoo hach- Drunk I vomit.oongTeecla sagatee seedasha Sun setting cool.Te6da tettee, koomoo Sunshine, clouds none, finenang, yaytinchee wea<strong>the</strong>r.Roocoo twitfchee teeda Six hours sun <strong>to</strong> set.sagayoongMa tawrittee tayin noo Horse fell down, tayin'seebee ootee finger broke.Sitchee ning, cootsee Seven years' bones washingaratee je&shee ittee vase putting in.Shishee ning - - Flesh none.Doochoo noo choo sibit- Loo-choo people rememteeyoo<strong>to</strong>osha ber * *.Sibittee wasa - Remember bad.Joo nee twit'chee, it'chee Ten two hours, one day.nit'chee .0 1 III,,
VOCABULARY OF THENo. English. Loo-Choo. Literal Translation.117. Thirty days make Sanjoo nit'chee, it'chee Thirty days one monthone moon, or gwautseemonth118. One year consists It'chee ning, joo nee One year, ten two months,<strong>of</strong> twelve months gwautseeEnglish.1 One2 Two3 Three4 Four5 Five6 Six7 SevenLoo-Choo.It'cheeNee, or gneeSangSheeGoo, or goRo6koSt'cheeNUMERALS.Characters. Japan.———- Teetsee, or te— - Tatsee, or ta— Meetsee, or mee* E6otsee, or yooI'ttitseeMo&tseeNannatsee8 Eight Fatfchee, or kwat'chee /\^ Eeyatsee9 Nine Coo s \s Ko&nnitsee3.4.5.6.7.8.9.The Kowung, or KingThe Pochin ta foo, or PrinceThe Chief <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Paychins who attended <strong>the</strong> shipThe second PaychinThe third do.The fourth do.His eldest sonHis friend (an elderly man)The fifth PaychinThe sixth do. -The first LinguistThe second LinguistHis wife -One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> junior PaychinsThe teacher (an old man)His eldest son -A boy - - -One <strong>of</strong> tHe principal attendants <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>Pochin ta fooAno<strong>the</strong>rLOO-CHOO LANGUAGE.NAMES OF PERSONS.SMng fwee.Shang pung-fwee.£ Ookooma Mowchowshooa.Madayra SMyoon.I'ssacha S&ndoo.Je6ma Tsi-se-eu.Maatsee Tsi-chee.Oohoomee Chinchawhee.I'ssecha Hackkeeboocoo.Jeeroo Je6da.M&dera K&wsheeoong.A'nya Toonshoonfa.O6shee.Yama Too.Y&ckkabee O6meeje6roo.Yackkabee O6mee-nee whaw.O'seejee.> Madam Bdshee.Eevaroo.10 Ten Joo, or dzoo T Too10.Both sets <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se numerals are in common use at Loo-Choo, though itwould not perhaps be correct <strong>to</strong> apply <strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> same word, as I never recollecthaving heard a native say " itchee sheemootsee," one book, or " teetsee twitchee,'1one hour, but always " teetsee sheemootsee," one book, <strong>and</strong> " itchee twitchee,'1one hour. I at first imagined " teetsee, tatsee,1' &c. were ordinals, but I havesince found from Captain Brough<strong>to</strong>n1s Voyage that <strong>the</strong>y bear a great resemblance<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> numerals <strong>of</strong> Japan, <strong>and</strong> as such I have inserted <strong>the</strong>m.The characters, <strong>of</strong> which <strong>the</strong> above are copies, were written by a native.* The o in this word is <strong>to</strong> be pronounced as <strong>the</strong> diphthong oa in boat.CoreaPekinFokienChinaChusanEngl<strong>and</strong>NAMES OF PLACES.- C6ray.- Peking.- Fotchien.- Quan<strong>to</strong>ong,- Cho6san.- I'ngeree.
VOCABULARY OF THEThe isl<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> Loo-Choo - - Loo-Choo, or Do6-Choo.The <strong>to</strong>wn <strong>of</strong> Napakiang - - Napa ummeat<strong>to</strong>.The high distant isl<strong>and</strong>s seen from ")_.. J-Amakirreema.Napa JThe Sugar Loaf Isl<strong>and</strong> - - Eegoos eecoondee.Japan - - - Niphon.Can<strong>to</strong>n - Can<strong>to</strong>n.LOO-CHOO LANGUAGE.THE NINE ORDERS OFPAYCHINS, OR CHIEFS,WHO ABE DISTINGUISHED BY THE COLOUR OF THEIB BONNETS, CALLED HATCHEEMATCHEE.NAMES OF THE DAYS OF THE MOON FROM NEWTO FULL.1. Chee tatchee.2. Hadjee mee nitchee.3. Hadjee mee san nit'chee.4. Hadjee mee noo ka.5. Hadjee mee goo nit'chee.6. Hadjee mee roocoo nit'chee.7. Hadjee mee sit'chee nit'chee.8. Hadjee mee fatchee nit'chee.9. Hadjee mee coo nit'chee.10. Yooka.11. Joo it'chee nit'chee.12. Joo nee nit'chee.13. Joo san nit'chee.14. Joo yooka.15. Joo goo nit'chee.1st. Ching neestchoo noo Hat'cheemat'chee2nd. A'cadjee noo Hat'chee mat'chee3rd. O'jee noo Hat'chee mat'chee4th. Moola sat'chee noo Hat'cheemat'chee5th. Cheeroo dinjee noo Hat'cheemat'chee6th. Cheeroo sy ya noo Hat'cheemat'chee7th. Chiddeeming noo Hat'cheemat'chee8th. Akasa noo Hat'chee mat'chee -9th. O'sa noo Hat'chee mat'cheeI A pink ground with spots, circles, <strong>and</strong>•j diamonds, <strong>of</strong> black, yellow, blue,I. white, <strong>and</strong> green.f A pink ground with spots, &c. <strong>of</strong> redX <strong>and</strong> yellow, blue <strong>and</strong> black.f A green ground with spots, &c. <strong>of</strong> red,X yellow, blue, <strong>and</strong> black.A pink or light purple ground, withspots <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same colour.A dingy yellow ground, with spots <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> same colour.A bright yellow ground withoutspots.•j A red ground without spots.A red ground without spots.A green ground without spots.The attendants <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chiefs wear a red Hatchee matchee <strong>of</strong> a coarser texture.
VOCABULARY OF THELOO-CHOO LANGUAGE.TATTOO MARKSON THE AEMS OF SOME OF THE NATIVES OF THE GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND.NAMES OF THE HOURS.This man hadnot any markon <strong>the</strong> leftarm.Oodeemaw.Right arm.Right arm. Left arm.O6deemaw. <strong>to</strong>oga.4.Right arm. Left arm.One hour, or one o'clockTwo hours, or twoThreeFourFiveSixSevenEightNineTenElevenTwelveIt'chee twit'chee.Nee twit'chee.Sang twit'chee.Shee twit'chee.Goo twit'chee.Roocoo twit'chee.Sit'chee twit'chee.Fat'chee twit'chee.Coo twi'tchee.Joo twit'chee.Joo it'chee twit'chee.Joo nee twit'chee.c The day.The night.The day at Loo-Choo, i. e. between sunrise <strong>and</strong> sunset, is divided in<strong>to</strong> sixhours, as is also <strong>the</strong> night.Co6dee O6demaw.<strong>to</strong>oga.The four men, whose arms were marked in <strong>the</strong> above manner, were young<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lower order, probably fishermen. It appeared <strong>to</strong> have been done bypuncturing <strong>the</strong> skin, <strong>and</strong> staining it with Indian ink in <strong>the</strong> manner practised byour seamen.The above marks are quite as large as <strong>the</strong> originals; <strong>the</strong>y were on <strong>the</strong> innerpart <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fore arm, close up <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> elbow joint. Some were marked on botharms, o<strong>the</strong>rs only on <strong>the</strong> right, but we did not observe any who had <strong>the</strong>m onlyon <strong>the</strong> left arm.
COMPARISONBETWEEN THEJAPANESE AND LOO-CHOO LANGUAGES.
COMPARISONNOTE.BETWEEN THEJAPANESE AND LOO-CHOO LANGUAGES.The following comparisons are given, with <strong>the</strong> view <strong>of</strong> pointing out as nearlyas circumstances will permit what resemblance <strong>the</strong>re is between <strong>the</strong> languages <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> isl<strong>and</strong>s <strong>of</strong> Loo-Choo, Niphon, or Japan, <strong>and</strong> Insu, lying in <strong>the</strong> Japan Sea,<strong>and</strong> which by some <strong>voyage</strong>rs have been considered <strong>the</strong> same language.In <strong>the</strong> first comparison, viz. that between <strong>the</strong> languages <strong>of</strong> Loo-Choo <strong>and</strong>Japan, <strong>the</strong> Japanese words are extracted from <strong>the</strong> translation <strong>of</strong> Thunberg'sVoyage <strong>to</strong> Japan, printed in London 1795, 2d edit. vol. iii.In <strong>the</strong> second, viz. that between Loo-Choo <strong>and</strong> Insu, <strong>the</strong> Insu words aretaken from Brough<strong>to</strong>n's Voyage.A third comparison is given between <strong>the</strong> languages <strong>of</strong> Loo-Choo, Niphon,<strong>and</strong> Insu, <strong>to</strong>ge<strong>the</strong>r with <strong>the</strong> two sets <strong>of</strong> Numerals in use at Loo-Choo, <strong>the</strong>Japanese from Thunberg, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Insu from Brough<strong>to</strong>n.It ought <strong>to</strong> be recollected that as Mr. Thunberg was a foreigner, <strong>and</strong> wrotein a different language from that in which <strong>the</strong> Loo-Choo words have been recorded, a difference <strong>of</strong> sound may be suspected between <strong>the</strong>m when no materialdifference really exists between <strong>the</strong> two languages.The letter u has been substituted in <strong>the</strong> spelling <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Japanese words for<strong>the</strong> » used by Thunberg.English.AllAnchorAngry-Answer, <strong>to</strong>ArmArrowAttendantBadBake, <strong>to</strong>Bare (naked)BedBellyBend, <strong>to</strong>BirdBirdcageBitterBloodBlow, up <strong>the</strong> fire, <strong>to</strong>BoatBoil, <strong>to</strong>BoneBookBowBranch <strong>of</strong> a treeBrassBreadthJapanese *.- Mei- Ikari- F<strong>and</strong>atsuru- Fen<strong>to</strong> sura- Ude- Ja- Sairio- Warikakuse- Jaku- Haguru- Nedokuri- Stabara- Oru- Tori- Tori no su- Nigaka- Tji,orKjets- Fuku- Temma- Fagiru- Fone- Somots- Jumi- Jeda- Sintju- JakohabaLoo-Choo.- Innea.- Eki.- Neetsa.- Aree ga aanyoong.- Teenoo.- Eea.- Eeree.- Neesha, or Wasa.- Irree-chang.- Harraka.- Coocha,- Watta.- Tammeeoong.- Ho<strong>to</strong>o.- Ho<strong>to</strong>o coo.- Injassa.- Chee.- Footchoong.- Timma,- Tajeeing.- Cootsee.- Sheemootsee.- Yoomee.- Kee.- Cheejackkoo.- Habba.* From Thunberg's Voyage.
COMPARISON BETWEEN THEJAPANESE AND LOO-CHOO LANGUAGES.English.BreastBrea<strong>the</strong>, <strong>to</strong>BridgeBro<strong>the</strong>rBucketBut<strong>to</strong>nCalf <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> legC<strong>and</strong>leC<strong>and</strong>lestickCannonCarry away, <strong>to</strong>CatCharcoalCheeksChildCircleCastle, or <strong>to</strong>wer-Climb, <strong>to</strong>ClothCock -ColdCompassColourCome, <strong>to</strong>CoolCopperCount, <strong>to</strong>CowCreep, <strong>to</strong>Cup, teaDarkDaughterDeepDig, <strong>to</strong>DieDiceJapanese.. • Mone• Ikitsuku -Fas, bas• KiodaiTango ---__BotanS<strong>to</strong>soneRosokuRosoks tattiIssibiaMootsuMioSumiHogeta, foKodomaMaruSiro, soNagoruSo kingO<strong>to</strong>riSamka kangFobariIroKuruSususiAkaganniKansjuUsFauTiawangMimeMusme, gogoFukaiFoilSinnoru sinuSaiiLoo-Clioo-- Moonee.- Itcheeshoong.- Hashee.- Weekee.- Tagoo.- Kogannee.- Koonda.- Daw.- Soo-coo.- Isheebeea.- Mootchee eechoong,- Mia.- Chacheejing.- Hoo.- Warrabee.- Maroodair. •- Eegooscoo.- Noobooyoong.- Ching.- Woo <strong>to</strong>oee.- Feesa.- Karahigh.- Eeroo eeeroo.- Choong.- Seedasha.- Acoogannee.- Oohawkoo-oong.- Mee ooshee.- Hawyoong.- Chawung.- Coorasing.- Innago oongua.- Fookassa.- Ooehoong.- Nin<strong>to</strong>ong.- Sheego roocoo.English,DoorDogDrinkDrink, <strong>to</strong>Drunk, <strong>to</strong> beDuck, tameDry, <strong>to</strong>Earth, <strong>the</strong>EarEastEggElbowEmpty, <strong>to</strong>Exchange, <strong>to</strong>FaceFall, <strong>to</strong>FanFarewellFa<strong>the</strong>rFatFea<strong>the</strong>rFin, a finFingerFind, <strong>to</strong>FireFishFishFishing netFlag, aFlowerFly, aFly, <strong>to</strong>FriendFootFirewoodJapanese^- To -- Inu- Nomimono- Nomu- Namoji jeikfsari- Afiru- Karruru- Tji dsi- Mimi- Figasi- Tamago- Ude, fisi- Akwuru- Kajuru- Tsera- Tawareta- Oge- Kingo, nigoserru- Tete, <strong>to</strong><strong>to</strong>- Kojuru - .-' Tori no fa- Jok<strong>of</strong>iri fire- Jubi- Midassu- Fi, finoko- Iwo, sakkana- Iwo tsuru- Ami- Ha<strong>to</strong>- Fanna- Hai- Toobu- F<strong>to</strong>obai- Assi- TakigiLoo-CIuoo.- Hashirree.- Ing-- Noomoo.- Noomoong.- Weeoong.- Afeeroo.- Karachoong.- Jee.- Mimmee.- Fingassee.- Cooga.- Tenoo feejee.- Karashoong.f Kayra (fans); <strong>to</strong>exchange\ fans at Loo-Choo.-' Steera.- Tawshoong.- Ojee.- Wockkatee.- Shoo.- Quaitee.- Tooee noo hannee.- Hannay.- Eebee.- Toomatung.- Fee.- Eeo.- Eeo kakeeoong.- Sheebee.- Hata.- Fanna.- Hayeh.- Toobeeoong.- Eedooshee.- Shanna.- Tamoong.
English.FullGirlGirdleGive, <strong>to</strong>Go down <strong>to</strong>Go up <strong>to</strong>Goat, heGoldGoodGood manGood for nothingHaii-HammerH<strong>and</strong>H<strong>and</strong>kerchiefHatHeadHeadacheHeartHear, <strong>to</strong>HeavensHeavyHen, aHide, <strong>to</strong>HipHole, or cavityHornHorseHotHouseInkInkst<strong>and</strong>IronKeyKill, <strong>to</strong>COMPARISON BETWEEN THEJapanese.Loo-Choo.- MitsMeetchetee.- KomusimeTackkee.- Skimmawas sansakagi - Obee.- Fureru, jaruQueeoong.- Ururu, iru - - Oorittee coo.- AguruNoobooyoong.- JagiWoo feeja.- SinChing.- JukkaChoorasa.- Jukka fi<strong>to</strong>Yookachoo.- JonakaMaconarang.- KamiKurrazzee.- KanatsutjiGooshung.- TeeKee.- Te no goiTeesadgee.- KasaKassa.- KubiBoosee.- Attamanna, itama, dutso Seebooroo yadong.- Kokurro, sing singnoso Nacoo.- KikfSitchoong, or skitchoong.- TenTing.- Omoka, omotaka Boosa.- Mendori, me<strong>to</strong>ri Mee<strong>to</strong>oee.- KaksuMeerang.- MomoGammacoo.. AnnaAnna.- Tsunno, kakuStinnoo.- Aki umaMa.- AtskaAtteesa.- JeYa, or katchee.- Sum, sumiSimmee.- Susumi hakeSimmee shee.- Tets, furoganni Titzee.- KagiQuaw.- KorossufSheenoung, or Koora-(. shoong.LiquorLook <strong>to</strong>, or seeLooking-glassLong, or lengthLose, <strong>to</strong>Live, <strong>to</strong>Lacker, <strong>to</strong>Man (homo) -Man (vir)MastMatMatch (fire-stick)Measure, <strong>to</strong>Mew, <strong>to</strong> (like a cat)MilkMonkeyMoon———, fullMo<strong>the</strong>rMudNail, fingerNakedNameJAPANESE AND LOO-CHOO LANGUAGES.English.KissKiss, <strong>to</strong>KnifeKneeKneel, <strong>to</strong>Knot, aLaugh, <strong>to</strong>Learning, or studying Letter, or character - Umakutji, or Kwut jisuUmakutji suruHakaFisa, fisa no sarraFisatatsuruFimmoWarauNarau, KickuMoisi, tsi mousiLift <strong>to</strong>, a thing - MotjiagaruLight <strong>to</strong>, a pipe Lip- - Fi<strong>to</strong>busu, fi<strong>to</strong>musuTsuba- Sakki- Miru- Kagami- Nagai - •- Song suru, makuruInotjiMakie saruMomo- O<strong>to</strong>ko- Hobasi- Tattami- Skedakki, skegi- Siakf, monosasa- Neko, naku- Tjitjitji- Saru, salu- Tsuki . ' -- Mangets- Fasa kasa- Noro- Tsume, jassuru- Hadaka- NaLoo-Choo.Sheemirree.Coochee spootee,.Seego.Stinsee.Shumma gitcheeoong.Coonja cootchee.Worrayoong.Coo<strong>to</strong>oba.Jee.Moochoong.Sheeoong. .Seeba.fSackkeedia, or Samtchoo\ (Chinese).Meeoong, or meeing.Kagung.Nagdsa.Oo<strong>to</strong>ochung.Simma<strong>to</strong>ng.Nooyoong.Choo.Ickkeega.Hasseeda.Mooshooroo, or Hatung.Kaw.Gaujee hackkiyoong.Nachoong deeoong.Chee.Saroo.Stchay.Oostitchee, or maroo.Umma.Dooroo.Thimmee.Harraka.Na.
eOMPARISON BETWEEN THEJAPANESE AND LOO-CHOO LANGUAGES.NavelNeckNeedleNightN ipplesNod, <strong>to</strong>NorthNoseNostrilsOffer, <strong>to</strong>Engiis7t.OldOpen, <strong>to</strong>Overturn, <strong>to</strong>PaperPencilPhysicianPinch, <strong>to</strong>Pipe (<strong>to</strong>bacco)Play <strong>to</strong>, with dicePloughPlough, <strong>to</strong>Pour in, <strong>to</strong>Powder (gun)PregnantPress, <strong>to</strong>PriestPush, <strong>to</strong>Quarrel, <strong>to</strong>QuickRainRain, <strong>to</strong>RainbowRatRead, <strong>to</strong>RiceJapanese.- Vosso, feso- Kwabi, nodor ,„=-, .,-, ,,-- Fari- Josari, joru- Tjibusa- Gatting sum- Kitta- Fanna- Fanna nosu -Loo-Choc.Whoosoo.Goobee.Hayee skittee.Yooroo.Chee.Najeechoong.Cheeta.Honna.Honnakee.fOkuru, agurujasiagu-1- •{ >Ozagadee.(_ ru, nedoaskuru - J- Tassijori, furuje furuke- Akuru- Tawaruru- Kami- Fuda- Isa- Nesumu- Kiseru- Sugoroko utsu- Seri, seribetta, tsuku tauts*- Togajassu- Tsugu- Jenso- Mimotji, farami- Siburu- Boos- Sukikakaru, Ijou- Faijo, faijaki- Ame- Ame no fiuru- Nisi- Nisumi» Jomu- KomeTeeshooee.Akeeoong.Kooroobashoong.Kabee.Hoodee.Ishsha.Katcheemeeoong.Shirree.Sheegoroocoo ochoong.Sitchee.Sitchoong.Irreeing.Eenshoo.Kassee jeetaung.Sheetskeeoong.Bodzee.Kooroobashoong,Titskoong.Hayee.Amee.Amee fooyoong.Noo, oojee.Ack a-sa.Yoomoong.Coomee.English.Rice, boiledRide, <strong>to</strong>, a horseRing (finger)RootRopeRoundRow, <strong>to</strong>, in a boatRun, <strong>to</strong>SailSaltSalt waterSalute, <strong>to</strong>S<strong>and</strong>Scrape, <strong>to</strong>ScrewSeaSealSee, <strong>to</strong>SeedSeparate, <strong>to</strong>SerpentSew, <strong>to</strong>ShallowShave, <strong>to</strong>ShellShipShoeShouldersSickSilkSilverSing, <strong>to</strong>Sister (eldest)SleepSleep, <strong>to</strong>Japanese.MesNoruIbiganniNeTsuna no naMamiRoosuAjiubuHooSiwoSiwo mis usiwoResuruTsunnaKusaguNesiUmeFang hang ingjoM iruTannaSaraKutjinawa hebiNo, noiAssai assakaSoruKaiFuneKwutsuKata- Kutta.(Itami mono, bioki monono") fYadong.^ jamai monoKinnoGinUtauMusme aneNurNuruLoo-Clioo.- Umbang.- Manayoong.- Eebee gannee.Wee-ee.- Chinna.- Marroosa.- Coojee.Hay ay sitchoong.- Foo.- .Mashoo.- Spookarasa meezee.Kameeoong.- Sinna.- Sajoong.- Jirree.- Ooshoo.- Ing, or fang.Meeoong.- Ni.Wockkayoon g.- Haboo.- Nawyoong, or noayoong.Assassa.- Sooyoong.- Oosheemaw.- Hoonee.- Sabock.- Eechoo.- Jing.- Ootashoong, or ootayoong.- Oni.- Nintee.- Ninjoong.
COMPARISON BETWEEN THEJAPANESE AND LOO-CHOO LANGUAGES.English.SlowSmallSmellSmell, <strong>to</strong>SmokeSmoke, <strong>to</strong>Smoke <strong>to</strong>bacco, <strong>to</strong>Sneeze, <strong>to</strong>Snore, <strong>to</strong>SnuffSourSouthSpeak, <strong>to</strong>SpectaclesSpiderSpittleSpit, <strong>to</strong>SpoonSquareSt<strong>and</strong> up, <strong>to</strong>StarsS<strong>to</strong>neStrike, <strong>to</strong>SugarSunSunsetSunriseSwallow, <strong>to</strong>SweetSwim, <strong>to</strong>ThighThreadThrow, <strong>to</strong>ThumbTigerJapanese.- Sisukamai, jojajora- Ko, komaka- Nivi, niwoi- Kusamu- Honoo- -Kernel!- Tabaco, nomu- Aksingu- Ibikikaku- Fanna, tabak, kagi- Suika- Minamii Monoiu, musmasu, ju,~)Loo-Ckoo.Yoona, yawna.Coosa.Kabbasha.Kannoung, kashashoong.Kinsee.Footchoong.Tobacco, footchoong.Honna feeoong.Nin<strong>to</strong>ong.Spachee, honna, <strong>to</strong>bSeesa.Whfa, or fa.- < >Moonooyoong.(, moosuru - - J- M eganni, fanna, meganni Meekagung.Kwumo- Subakki- Subakki, hawk- Saisi- Sikaku- Okiru- Fosi- I si iwa- Wutsu, utsu, tataku- Sat<strong>to</strong>- Fi, nitji- Fi no iri- Fino, de, fino, agaru- Nomikomu- Arnaka, amai- Ojugu- Momo, solomomo- I<strong>to</strong>- Naguru- Ojajubi, ojubi- Tora- Cooba.- Simpaee.- Shnpayooiig.- Kaa.Kackkoo.- Tatteeoong.- Foosliee.- Ishee.- Rejeecoong.- Sata.. Teeda.- Teeda sagayoong.- Teeda agayoong.- Noonoo<strong>to</strong>osha.- Amasa.Weejoong.- Moomoo.- Eechoo.- Nagmg.- Hooee eebee.- Toora.English.TinTongueToothTouch, <strong>to</strong>TowerTownTrembleuglyUmbrellaVeinWake, <strong>to</strong>Waken, <strong>to</strong>Walk, <strong>to</strong>WarmWashWatchWaterWater tubWea<strong>the</strong>r, fineWea<strong>the</strong>r, foulWell, aWestWetWet, <strong>to</strong>WheelWick <strong>of</strong> a c<strong>and</strong>leWindWind up, <strong>to</strong>WingWink, <strong>to</strong>WoodWriteWriting deskYearYoungJapanese.- Susu- Sta, sita- Jea- Kamau, kakaru, ateru- To- Matji, so<strong>to</strong>matji- Fururu- Kisannai- Fisasi- Susi- Okiteoru- Okusu- Ita- Nakka, atska- Arau- Tokei- Mis- Furo- Jukka, fiuri, jui teng- Warn fiuri- Jgawa- Nis- Naroru- Narassu- Kuruma- Suku, saku- Kase- Sutsumu- Toobu fanne- Manaku- Tagi- Kaku- Fikidassi- Fosi- Wakai___-_-_--__----_-------------------Loo-Choo.Sheedookannee.Stcha.Ha.Sayoong, or Sitchoong.Eegooscoo.Mecat<strong>to</strong>, met<strong>to</strong>.Koorooyoong.Oo<strong>to</strong>oroosa.Shassee kassa.Kajee.Ooking.Oocatee.Atchoong.Attesa.Arayoong.Karahigh.Meezee.Meez<strong>of</strong>wokee.Yeetinchee, or tinsee.Yannatinchee, or tinsee.Meezee ka.Neeshee.Inneetee.Indeetaoong.Coorooma.Skec cootshee.Kassee.Feenoyoong.Hannay.Meeoochee.Tamoong.Katchoong.Sheekoo.Ning.Wockka.
COMPARISON BETWEEN, &c.COMPARISONNUMERALS.BETWEEN THELANGUAGES OF LOO-CHOO AND INSU,AN ISLAND IN THE JAPAN SEA.12845678910Japan.S<strong>to</strong>zee -StatzeMitzee -Yeatze -Idotzee -Nitzee -NanatzeeloseeKokonitzYooSheeneapTooLiepEenepAsheakEwanArrawanToopishLepishWannaInsu*.- Stitz- Statz- Mitz- Yeatze- Itseitzy- Nitz- Nanatzy- Yeatz- Kokonitz- Too- Itchee- Nee- Sang- Shee- Goo- Roocoo- Stchee- Fatchee- Coo- Joo* From Brough<strong>to</strong>n's Voyage.Loo-Choo.- Teetsee, tee.- Tatsee, ta.- Meetsee, mee.- Eotsee, yoo.- Ittitsee.- Mootsee.- Nannatsee.- Eyatsee.- Koonnitsee.- Too.English.Come hereTo walkTo enquire <strong>the</strong> nameany thingA shipA bowAn arrowThe beardThe teethA manA womanFish netTobacco pipeWaterTo drinkA bookThe fingerThe thumbThe thighThe armThe middle fingerPaperA dogA catA childThe footThe chin- Arkee- Appeass<strong>of</strong>) y TambeneInsu *.- Penzy, or Foonil.- Koo- Ay- Creak - -- Meemack- Oikyo- Meanako- Ya- Tsheeree- Wakha- Horopsee- Shoomootza- Yewbee- O yewbee- Momo- Oondee- Nagayewbee- Kame- Enoo- Necko- Vasasso- AsseeOlongyseLoo-CCung coo.Atchoong.Noondeega.Hoonee.Yoomee.Eea.Feejee.Ha.Ickkeega.Innago.Sheebee.Shirree.Meezee.Noomoong.Sheemootsee.Eebee.Hoee eebee.Moomoo. ,Teenoo.Nackkaeebee.Kabee.Ing.Mia.Warrabee.Shanna.Oo<strong>to</strong>oga.* From Brough<strong>to</strong>n's Voyage.II
COMPARISON BETWEEN, &c.The earYesNoHairA boatTeaSugarTobaccoJiinglisli.Insu.- Meemee . -- O- Ny- Karnu- Timma- Tcha- Sado- TabaccoLoo-Choo.- Mimmee.- Oo.- Oongba.- Kurrazzee.- Timma.- Cha.- Sata.- Tobacco.COMPARISONBETWEEN THELANGUAGES OF LOO-CHOO, JAPAN, AND INSU.EnglisJi.To walkA shipA bowAn arrowThe fingerThe teethA manA fish netA knifeAn oarWaterTo drinkA bookThe thumbThe thighThe armPaperA dogA catA childThe lipsThe footThe earThe hairA boatTeaSugarTobaccoJapanese*.- Ita- Fune- Jumi- Ja- Jubi- Ha- O<strong>to</strong>ko- Ami- liaka- Ro- Mis- Nomu- Somots- Ojajubi, ojubi- Momo, so<strong>to</strong> moino- Ude- Kami- Inu- Mio, neko- Kodoma- Tsuba- Assi- Mimi- Kami- Temma- Tsjaa- Sat<strong>to</strong>- TabakoLoo-Cf<strong>to</strong>o.AtchoongHooneeYoomeeEeaEebeeHaIckkeegaSheebeeSeegoWayacooMeezeeNoomoongSheemootseeHooee eebeeMoomooTeenooKabeeIngMiaWarrabeeSeebaShannaMimmeeKurrazzeeTimmaChaSataTobaccoInsu -f-.- Appeass.- Penzy, or fbonil.- Koo.- Ay.- Askippi, yewbee.- Meemack.- Oikyo.- Ya.- Magiddee.- Kanzee.- Wakha.- Horopsee.- Shomotza.- O yewbee.- Momo.- Oondee.- Kame.- Enoo.- Neckoi- Vassasso.- Koodge.- Assee.- Meemee.- Karnu.- Timma.- Tcha.- Sado.- Tabacco.I* From Thunberg's Voyage.•]- From Brough<strong>to</strong>n's Voyage.II
WORDS OBTAINED FROM THE INHABITANTS OF THE WESTCOAST OF COREA.NoWaterA pipeHairEyesMouthNoseH<strong>and</strong>BeardTongueEarTeeth* Tree* GrassEnglish.Corean.Poodong.Bool.Dew<strong>to</strong>n.Bodee.Doon.Jeep.Ko.So-an.Shee-om.Chay.Quee.Jee.Phang na moo.Phee.English.Corean.* Good Hota.* Earth K,hool.* Knife Khul.JacketChouksa.Trowsers Choongay.ShoePo schien.S<strong>to</strong>ckings, or boots Hung inn.Tobacco pouch - Samb-jee.Rice (food) Pa-ap.FanPootsa.S<strong>to</strong>veTok.White hat Pan-a-ee.Black hat Kat.A cock.Tac.* These five words have <strong>the</strong> h so strongly aspirated that it was rarely we could pronounce<strong>the</strong>m <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> satisfaction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> natives.Their language, upon <strong>the</strong> whole, is not unpleasing, <strong>and</strong> it has none <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> harsh Chinesesounds. The natives have a remarkable facility in imitating our sounds, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>y in generalspeak in a very loud <strong>to</strong>ne <strong>of</strong> voice.THET. DAVISON, Lombard-street,Whitefriars, London.I