Vol. 110 - Part III - Zoological Survey of India

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110 Rec. zool. Surv. India24. Antarctic Tern : Sterna vittata Gmelia : Thisbird was sighted only in 22 nd expedition and recordedits wide zoo-geographical distribution from 48°S to 61°Slatitude. But during the 1 st expedition, the bird wasreported only from temperate zone (Parulekar, 1983).25. South Polar Skua : Catharacta skuamacormicki (Saunders) : (Fig. 2). Adults stay nearbreeding colonies in the Anatarctic zone during thesummer, but during the off-season it may range northto sub-tropical waters (Watson, 1975). This bird wassighted only in Antarctic zone during both theexpeditions.26. Adelie Penguin : Pygoscelis adelia (Hombronand Jacquinot) : These are the most common penguinspecies in the East Antarctica. In both the expeditionsa good number of birds were sighted from 60° to 70° Slatitude and 10° – 40° E longitude.27. King Penguin : Aptenodytes patagonicuspatagonicus Miller : The bird was sighted in the 15 thexpedition near the Prince Edward Island (45°S and 69°E). The bird is known to breed in South Georgia.28. Emperor Penguin : Aptendytes forsteri Gray :Earlier report says that Emperor penguins breedregularly during winter in more than 30 colonies aroundthe shores of the Continent and adjacent islands.Mostly the birds were sighted in between 66°S to 71ºSlatitude during 15 th and 22 nd expeditions.DISCUSSIONThe studies made separately on occurrence anddistribution of different bird species sighted in 15 th and22 nd Indian Antarctic expeditions during voyagethrough Indian and Atlantic Oceans Recorded 28species including 14 species as common in occurrencein both the expeditions. Among different bird groupsPetrels were dominant in number of species followedby Albatrosses. Record of Lesser number (14 spp.) ofbird species during 22 nd expedition than the 15 thexpedition (23 spp.) may be due to shorter travel timeand for shorter route and also for lower temperature inAtlantic Ocean. These may have some impact onspecies make-up and distribution. This was evident byabsence of some birds species in the 22 nd expedition(Table-1).The result also showed that except WanderingAlbatross which was recorded in Antarctic zone allother Albatross species were found to occur betweentemperate to Sub-Antarctic zones. Two species ofPenguins, Adelie and Emperor were observed in all thethree zones, being maximum in Sub-Antarctic andAntarctic zones. Only King Penguin sighted in 15 thexpedition were found to distribute in Sub-AntarcticIslands. Among the Petrels, Cape Petrel, Antarctic Petrel,Giant Winged Petrel and Snow Petrel were found totolerate much lower temperature as they mostly live inSub-Antarctic and Antarctic zones. Many of the otherbirds recorded in this study are known to occur inAntarctic zone but they are here observed to live intemperate and Sub-Antarctic zones.But it is very early to say, whether these changesare occurred due to the climatic changes of SouthernOcean, or non-availability of food in the SouthernOcean or insufficient data of Avifauna of SouthernOcean.Present day Polar Regions experience greater ratesof climate change than elsewhere on the planet. Thefauna of these regions is uniquely adapted to theextreme environments in which they exist, and may bevulnerable to shifts in climate. Climate change is havingimpacts on both marine, and terrestrial, and limneticsystems, and hence will influence future biologicaldiversity.In view to above, it has been clearly understoodthat the Antarctic research in future will not be themere listing of species but also essential to developthe long-term monitoring programme to have a betterunderstanding the causes of changes.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe are thankful to the Director, Zoological Surveyof India, Kolkata for providing facilities andencouragements. Thanks are also due to Dr.A.K.Sanyal,Addl. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata forhelping in the preparation of the manuscript.
DE AND MITRA : Notes on the Zoo-Geographical Distribution of Antarctic Birds ..... Antarctic Expeditions 111Table-1 : List of bird species encountered during the voyages in both 15th and 22nd Indian Antarctic Expedition(Latitude wise).Sl. Common Name LatitudeNo. 1995-1996 2002-20031 Wandering Albatross 36°S to 49ºS 34º´S to 58ºS2 Grey Headed Albatross 50ºS to 59ºS 46ºS to 55ºS3 Yellow-Nosed Albatross NOT SIGHTED 55º S4 Sooty Albatross 36°S to 69ºS NOT SIGHTED5 Laysan Albatross 36°S to 59ºS NOT SIGHTED6 Black-Browed Albatross 36°S to 59ºS NOT SIGHTED7 Royal Albatross 36°S to 49ºS NOT SIGHTED8 Light Mantled Sooty Albatross 36°S to 69ºS NOT SIGHTED9 White Chinned Petrel 35°S to 69ºS 34º´S to 51ºS10 Southern Giant Fulmer/ Southern Giant Petrel 60°S to 69ºS 34º´S to 70ºS11 Fairy Prion 36°S to 49ºS 45º´S to 50ºS12 Blue Petrel 36°S to 69ºS 51ºS13 Cape Pegion/Cape Petrel 50°S to 59ºS 59°S to 69ºS14 Antarctic Petrel 50°S to 69ºS 68°S to 70ºS15 Antarctic Prion 39°S to 59ºS 38°S16 Kerguelen Petrel 36°S to 49ºS NOT SIGHTED17 Great Winged Petrel 36°S to 49ºS NOT SIGHTED18 Northern Giant Fulmer 36°S to 49ºS NOT SIGHTED19 Soft Plumaged Petrel 36°S to 49ºS NOT SIGHTED20 Short Tailed Shear Water 36°S to 49ºS NOT SIGHTED21 Wilson’s storm Petrel 36°S to 49ºS 38°S22 Grey Backed Strom Petrel 36°S to 49ºS NOT SIGHTED23 Snow Petrel 60°S to 69ºS 63°S to 69ºS24 Antarctic Tern NOT SIGHTED 48°S to 61ºS25 South Polar Skua 59°S to 69ºS 63°S to 69ºS26 Adelie Penguin 60° to 70° S 69° to 70° S27 King Penguin 45°S to 69ºS NOT SIGHTED28 Emperor Penguin 66°S to 69ºS 69ºSto 71ºSREFERENCESBhatnagar, Y. and Sathyakumar, S. 1999. Developing a long-term monitoring programme for birds and mammals inthe Indian Ocean and Antarctica. Tech pub.no.13 : 131-164.Chattopadhyay, S. 1995. On the Avian forms encountered during the eleventh Indian scientific expedition toAntarctica. Tech pub. no. 9 : 163-197.Mathew, K.J. 1994. Observation made during the third Indian Antarctic Expedition on sea birds of the Southernhemisphere. Preliminary Scientific Report 1983-1984 D.O.D, : 61-64.Parulekar, A.H. 1983. Sea birds and marine mammals of the first Indian Antarctic expedition (Scientific Report)Tech report. D.O.D., : 224-231.Sathyakumar, S. 1998. Developing a long-term monitoring programme for birds and mammals in the Indian Oceanand Antarctica using GPS and GIS technologies. Tech pub.no.13 : 131-164.Watson, G.E. 1975. Birds of the Antarctic and sub Antarctic. Pp. 1-350. American Geophysical Union, Washington,D.C.
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COMPUTERISED DATA ON NATIONAL ZOOLO
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INSTRUCTION TO AUTHORSFrequency of
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BAHUGUNA : Trichotaxonomy of Indian
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Vol. 110 - Part III - Zoological Survey of India

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