Volume 3, Number 4, December, 1995 - Noise News International

Volume 3, Number 41995 DecemberINTERNnTIONnL.A quarterly news magazineGottlob:RegulationsforCommunity NoiseNOISE-CON96 • Bellevue, Washington, USA-Member Society Profile:The Acoustical SocietyofFinlandinte,.noile96Britannia Adelphi HotelLiverpool, UK1996 July 30· August02Special technical sessionsSee page 264NOISE- CON 961996 September 29-0ctober02

the latest word in anechoic room design...lAC's new Metadyne Anechoic Wedge represents a scientific breakthrough in anechoic roomdesign. The rugged perforated metallic Metadyne wedge offers benefits to researchers and quality controlmanagers that heretofore have been unattainable. These include:One of ten Hemi-Anechoic Rooms with Metadyne Wedges at AdvancedEngineering Center, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Michigan. Specificationsrequired cut-off frequencies of 125Hz, 90 Hz, and 60 Hz.• Impact resistance• Resistance to erosion & circulation offibrous materials• Readily cleanable and palntablesurfaces• High fire-resistance (In case of spills oruse of flammable materials)• Interchangeability and adjustabllltyDeveloped in lAC's Aero-Acoustic Laboratory,the Metadyne design has been proven in recentfield tests which have exceeded customerspecifications. Deviations from theoretical freefieldinverse square law were well within ISOStandards.Ideally suited to acoustic laboratories workingwith engines, heavy equipment, dynamometersand/or flammable materials.The Metadyne Anechoic Wedge System is an alternative to our standardMicrodyne Anechoic Wedges utilizing glass-fiber or foam-base materials.lAC Mlcrodyne Anechoic Room with 125 Hz cut-off foam wedgesat Steelcase Corporation acoustical laboratory, Grand Rapids,Michigan. Two Macrodyne Reverberation Rooms are also part ofthis research and development facility.Apple Computer's Heml-Anecholc Room designed, bUilt, andInstalled by Industrial Acoustics Company to Apple specifications.The chamber Is a first-rate example of a high-tech acousticenvironment. Cut-off frequency 100 Hz.Request 20-page lAC Bulletin 7.0102 with technical data on all types oflAC Anechoic Rooms, including Mini-AnechoicRooms for small-component testing. For an overview oflAC products and services request Bulletin 0.0002.cTHE STANDARD OF SILENCEINDUSTRIAL ACOUSTICS COMPANYSINCE 1949 - LEADERS IN NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING, PRODUCTS AND SYSTEMSUNITED STATES UNITED KINGDOM GERMANY1160COMMERCE AVENUE CENTRAlTRADING ESTATE SOHLWEG 17BRONX, NEW YORK 10462·5599 STAINES, MIDDLESEX, TW18 4XB D·41372 NIEDERKROCHTENPHONE: (718) 931·8000 PHONE: (01784) 456·251 PHONE: (02163) 8431FAX: (718) 863·1138 FAX: (01784) 463·303, TELEX: 25518 FAX: (02163) 80618TECHNICAL REPRESENTATION IN PRINCIPAL CITIES THROUGHOUT THE WORLDReader Service Number 2

Editorial StaffG. Mating,JI'.. Managing EditorA. Cops, European EditorA. Lawrence, Asia-Pacific EditorG. Maling,Jr., Pan-American Editorw.w. Lang,Feature EditorProduced byIEEE MagazinesFran Zappulla, Associate PublisherSusan Schneiderman,AdvertisingSales ManagerJanet Dudar, Art DirectorBob Smrek, Production ManagerBrian Benbrook, Production EditorMargaret Morin.AdvertisingProduction CoordinatorEditorial OfficesNoise Control FoundationP.O Box2469 Arlington BranchPoughkeepsie, New York, U.S.A.Noise/News International (ISSN 1021·643X) is aquarterly news magazine publishedjointly by theInternational Instituteof NoiseControlEngineeringandthe Instituteof NoiseControlEngineeringoftheUSA., Inc. Noise/News International is distributedto the MemberSocieties of IntemationallNCEandto the membersof INCFJUSA as a memberbenefit.Advertising servicesandproductioncontrolarc providedbythe IEEEMagazines group of the Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Inc. Editorialservicesarcprovidedby NoiseControlFoundation. Inc. Feature articles for Noise/NewsInternational are selected by the editors. Responsibilityfortheeditorialcontentrestsupontheauthorsand not upon International INCE. INCFJUSA. theIEEE. Noise Control Foundation. the societies ortheir members. Productinformation is providedasa readerserviceanddocsnotconstituteendorsementby the societies or their members. SUBSCRIP­TIONS: Inthe USA.the annualsubscription rate isUSD50.00. postpaid,whichis includedin theduesof Members and Associates of INCE/USA. Nonmembersubscriptionrates available upon request.Singlecopypriceis USD10.00. Addresscorrespondenccconcerningsubscriptionsto INCE/USA. P.O.Box 3206. Arlington Branch. Poughkeepsie. NY12603-0206. In all other countries. the annualsubscriptionrate is CHF 80 via surface mail; airmaildelivery subject to additionalcharge. Single copyprice is CIIF 20. Addresscorrespondence conccmingsubscriptions to I·INCE General Secretariat,Celestijnenlaan 200 D. B-3001.Hcvertec-Leuvcn,Belgium. EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE:Addressto GeorgeC. Mating, Jr.. Managing Editor.NNI. c/o INCFJUSA, P.O. Box 3206. ArlingtonBranch, Poughkeepsie, NY 12603.USA; telephone+19144624006 or FAX+19144630201. COPY­RIGHT AND REPRINT PERMISSIONS: Copy.right to 1995 by Institute of Noise ControlEngineering of the USA.Inc. Forallothercopying.reprint, or republication permission, write to theManagingEditorat theaddressabove. ADVERTIS­ING: For information about advertising. contactSusan Schneiderman, Advertising Sales Manager.IEEE Magazines. 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway. NJ08855-1331, USA: telephone: +I 908 562 3946;FAX: +I 908981 1855. Printedinthe UnitedStatesof America.Cover photo courtesy of the Scatrlc-King CountyConventionand Visitors Bureau .INTERNRTIONRL.Volume 3, Number 4 - 1995 DecemberFEATURESRegulations For Community NoiseDieter Gottlob . . . . . . . . . . . .A quarterly news magazineNoise Control-Principles and PracticeStig lngemansson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237DEPARTMENTSPresident's ColumnEditor's View . , . .Member Society ProfilePan-American NewsPeople .European NewsAsia-Pacific NewsBooksProduct NewsINCE Update ,Specialized MeetingsStandards News , . .World Conference CalendarInstitute Notices .NNI Directory. . . . . . . .International Advertiser ContactsDirectory of Noise Control ServicesIndexto Voulume 3 ............. 2232202212222442462472482492502522532552632652682702712721995 DecemberNoiselNews International217

• •I-Inee InternationalInstitute ofNoise Control EngineeringW.W. Lang, PresidentA. Cops Secretary-GeneralA. Cops, European Editor, N IA. Lawrence, Asia-Pacific Editor, NNIG.C. Mating, Jn, Managing EditorandPan-American Editor, NNIW.W. Lang, Feature EditorDirectors: P.V. Bruel, A. CopsT. Embleton, T. Kihlman, M. Koyasu,H. Myncke, A. Lawrence, G.C.Mating, Jn,nrr:;UFilr2 Institute ofUU Ul.b:ilS Noise ControlEngineering of the USA, Inc.1995 OfficersL.C. Sutherland, PresidentD.M. Yeager, President-ElectE.M. Clark, Vice President -MembershipW.J. Cavanaugh, Vice President­Public RelationsD.G. Stephens, Vice President­Technical ActivitiesW.K. Connor, SecretaryJ.G. Seebold, Treasurer1995 DirectorsS.M. BrownW.J. CavanaughE.M. ClarkW.K. ConnorJ.M. CuschieriM.D. EganC.R. FullerJ.M. HoodR. LotzR. SinghH.K. SmithL.C. SutherlandA.M. TeplitzkyD.M. YeagerINTERMember Societies of International INCEAustralia: Australian Acoustical Society, DarlinghurstAustria: Osterreichischer Arbeitsring fur Ldrmbekampfung, WienBelgium: Belgian Acoustical Association, LimeletteBrazil: Sociedade Brasileira de Acustica, FlorianopolisCanada: Canadian AcousticalAssociation, TorontoChina: Acoustical Society ofChina, BeijingCzech Republic: Czech Acoustical Society, PrahaDenmark: DanishAcoustical Society, LyngbyFinland: Acoustical Society ofFinland, EspooFrance: Groupe Acoustique Industrielle et Environnement, SFA, ParisGermany: Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Akustik, OldenburgGermany: Nonnenausschuss Akustik; Ldrmminderung undSchwingungstechnik im DIN und VDI, DusseldorfHong Kong: Institute of Acoustics, Hong KongHungary: Acoustical Commission ofthe Hungarian AcademyofSciences, BudapestHungary: Scientific Societyfor Optics, Acoustics and Filmtechnics,BudapestIndia: AcousticalSociety of India (Observer), BangaloreItaly: Associazione Italiana di Acoustica, RomaJapan: AcousticalSociety of Japan, TokyoJapan: Institute ofNoise Control Engineering of Japan, TokyoKorea: Acoustical Society ofKorea, SeoulKorea: Korean Societyfor Noise and Vibration Engineering, SeoulLithuania: Lithuanian Acoustical Society, VilniusMexico: Sociedad Mexicana de Acustica. Mexico CityNetherlands: Nederlands Akoestisch Genootschap, DelftNew Zealand: New Zealand AcousticalSociety, AucklandNorway: Acoustical Society ofNorway, TrondheimPoland: Committee on Acoustics ofthe PolishAcademyofSciences,WarszawaRomania: Commission on Acoustics, Academia Romana. BucarestiRussia: East-European Acoustical Association, St. PetersburgRussia: Russian AcousticalSociety (Observer), MoscowSingapore: NoiseSection, Environmental EngineeringSociety ofSingapore, SingaporeSouth Africa: Southern AfricaAcoustics Institute, SilvertonSweden: Swedish Acoustical Society, GoteborgSwitzerland: Schweizerische Gesellschaftfir Akustik, DiibendorfUnited Kingdom: Institute ofAcoustics, St.AlbansU.S.A. Acoustical Society ofAmerica, Woodbury, NYU.S.A. Institute of Noise Control Engineering ofthe U.S.A.,Washington, DCYugoslavia: Acoustical Society ofYugoslavia (Observer), Beograd218 NoiselNews International 1995December

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President's ColumnCommunication Before ActionIn a recent issue of Physics Today,Daniel Kleppner, a professor ofphysics at MIT, recalls how Prince Williamof Orange, in 1574, took the courageousand well-received step tofound the University of Leiden at a timewhen his countrymen were reelingfrom the devastation of a long siege. AsKleppner quotes, Prince William statedit was necessary at this critical time toestablish the university: "...where theyoung people could be educated andtaught...in all proper, honest and freearts and sciences."In a recent column in the Los AngelesTimes, Michael Schrage, also atMIT, (rejoice you MIT grads!) writesabout the pitfalls in overzealous infatuationwith the idea that our nation'sschools "belong in cyberspace" andthat students must get connected to theInternet. He goes on to say that "Today'sInternet infatuation is emblematicof a society that would rather buytools than go through the painful processof figuring out how to use them."Over 40 years ago, during a sparemoment as a young electro-acousticalengineer at the University of Washington,I postulated a simple principle: "Noaction of any sort whatsoever takesplace without being preceded by someform of communication." While posingthis "principle" may simply be a case of"having a keen grasp of the obvious,"nevertheless, I have found it to be auseful guideline. Allow me to try toconnect these seemingly disconnectedwords with this parting challenge toINCE and its members as my year asPresident of INCE draws to a close.Equate (loosely), the traumatic periodof Leiden under siege to the currentsiege of industry by economicforces that dictate the need to cut costs- e.g., "Who needs noise control featureson this widget, anyway ?" asks thechief bean counter. Other competitiveand frequently difficultto-predicttechnological forcesare also acting to put many industriesunder "bottom-line"stress. Such times present a challengeto industry leadership toadopt long term action plans tobuild enduring technological and financialstrength. Education (and research)should be a vital part of suchplans. From our perspective in INCE,such education should include effectivecurricula to teach the "...youngpeople...(the) arts and sciences" ofnoise controL Surely, that is just whatuniversities and colleges with acousticsand vibration or noise control coursesare trying to do. Yet the young graduatemay seldom have an opportunity to effectivelyinfluence the noise controldesign of a product. This more oftenfalls on the shoulders of the more seniordesigner who may not have training innoise control technology.Thus, to get to my point - INCE cantake a leadership role in providing trainingon product noise control. We need tomake training more readily available tothe designers in industry who are callingthe shots on product design. The Internetand other similar new high tech means ofrapid communication such as video conferencing,that will surely improve andbecome more widely utilized, can helpprovide this communication to industryand help them develop the necessary actionto apply noise control technologymore aggressively and effectively.Such communication programs must,however, embrace the painful process ofteaching how to apply the technologyand not be infatuated with the communicationprocess itself. There's the challenge,INCE -let's go for it!- Louis C. Sutherland1995 [NeE President220 NoiseINews International 1995December

Editor's ViewGoing SurfingThis is the twelfth issue of NNI thathas been published, but only thethird in which I have written the Editor'sView at the same time the President'sColumn has come fromINCE/USA. This issue seems like agood place to reinforce the message inthat column. In this issue, INCEIUSAPresident Louis C. Sutherland has challengedthe future leaders of the organizationto become more aggressive inproviding training on product noisecontrol- especially to those responsiblefor product design who have not hadthe benefit of an education in acoustics.He identifies modern communicationmethods, such as the Internet and videoconferencing, as good possibilities forthe future. He also quotes MichaelSchrage from MIT in warning againstinfatuation with the Internet.In my Editor's View in 1995 March,I discussed the "information highway,"and pointed out a few potholes such asthe question of distribution of copyrightedinformation over the Internetwithout permission. This view was reinforcedby a cover story in the 1995October 25 issue of Forbes magazinethat talked about spiders- those creaturesthat travel the Internet looking forinformation and making it easier forusers to find specific items of interest.America On Line's WebCrawler is onesuch creature. Using one spider, Forbes,searching for ForbesMagazine, turnedup more than 8000 citations, "includingan example of blatant infringement ofour copyright." Solving this problemwill probably require a change in howthe Internet is used. At the same time,there is a great deal of information outthere that is not copyrighted, useful innoise control, and of benefit both to themembership of INCE/USA and thosewho need training in noise control.Several of the NASA laboratoriesmaintain Home Pages, and havelinks to technical informationdatabases. The National ScienceFoundation has its own powerfulsearch engine, and searches foracoustics and noise turned uphundreds of interesting items. Ihope that some of these will lead toarticles in this magazine . The U.S. PatentOffice is now on line with a databaseof patents, and a search has alreadyturned up interesting patents related tonoise control.There is a large amount of informationwhich INCEIUSA could providethat would help in providing training,and a HomePage on the Internet seemsto be a good way to get started. A list ofbooks related to noise control - takenfrom back issues of this magazine ­would be useful. There is a wealth ofproduct news available that would be ofinterest. Titles of proceedings papersandjournal articles, when proper!y classified,would be useful. Product engineerswould benefit from lists of technicalpapers in specific product areas, listsof standards available, summaries ofnoise emission requirements, lists ofconferences and specialized meetings,and other noise control information .All of this does not spare the userfrom the painful process of learning touse such noise control tools as was mentionedin the President's Column, but anINCEIUSA Home Page is a low-costway to provide free information onnoise control, and should be a goodstart. The next problem will be to get theattention of those spiders on the WorldWide Web so that those who have a needfor information will be able to find it ina resource which is growing more rapidlythan any information resource inthe history of the world.- George MalingPan-American Editor1995 December NoiselNews International 221

ember Society ProfileThe Acoustical Society of FinlandThe history of the Acoustical Societyof Finland dates back to a meetingheld in the offices of the Finnish BroadcastingCorporation on 1942 August 25.At this meeting, a committee was appointedto study the need for a society topromote acoustical research in Finlandand, if the need was demonstrated, todraft the bylaws for an acoustical society.Although it was wartime, the committeeconsidered that acoustics was an area inwhich there should be activity within Finland.The bylaws were accepted at thefirst general meeting of the new SoundTechnical Society on 1943 March 29.Prof. Brotherus, rector of the HelsinkiUniversity of Technology, was electedthe first president. It is worth mentioningthat the Society is the oldest one of theNordic acoustical societies.The present name of the society wasadopted in 1970. The purposes of theAcoustical Society of Finlandare to providea forum for professionals interestedin acoustics and to promote research inacoustics. To achieve these objectives,the Society:• arranges meetings, courses, lectures,and exhibitions,• promotes research activities and distributesprofessional literature,• supports publication, consultative andsimilar activities, and• develops Finnishacoustical terminology.One of the first actions to promoteresearch was taken in 1943 October.Uponthe recommendationof the Society,an acoustics laboratorywas establishedatthe Technical Research Center of Finland.A second initiative along the samelines was taken in 1947. An acousticslaboratory was established at the HelsinkiThis is the twelfth in a series of articles onthe history and activities of the MemberSocieties ofIntemationat llsCli.- Ed.University of Technology. One concreteway in which the Society has promoteddomestic acoustical research has beenthrough small grants to undergraduateand graduate students, for example, tocover their travel expenses to internationalconferences.At the end of 1943, the society had26 members. The society now has about200 ordinary, 10 honorary and 12 sustainingmembers. Today, the "numberone" specialty interest for members isnoise control.The Society has been a member ofI-INCE (since 1980), FASE(1979), EAA[European Acou sti cs Association](1992), ICA (1953), and NAS (NordicAcoustical Society) (1955).During a typical year, the Society willhost two general meetings, plus a halfdozenor so afternoon or evening meetingswith lectures or di scu ssionspresented by members or internationalvisitors. Since 1982, a Day ofAcousticshas been held annually. The first foreignvisitor was Per Brtiel in 1944. In 1983, Dr.Brtiel was made an honorary member ofthe Society in recognition of his significantinfluence on Finnish acoustics.The meetings of the NordicAcousticalSociety are held every second year withone of the member societies acting ashost.The Acoustical Society of Finlandisresponsible for the meeting to be held inHelsinki next year during the period 1996June 12-14. Participation is not limitedtoNordic acousticians. All colleagues arewelcome. The official conference languagesare Danish, Norwegian, Swedish,and English. It expected that more than50% of the papers will be given in English.Further informationcan be obtainedfrom the NAMSecretariat, Helsinki Universityof Technology, Acoustics Lab.,Otakaari 5 A, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland.FAX: +358 0 460224, e-mail, Internet:nam96@hut.fi. This is the same addressas for the Society.222Noise/News International1995 December

FeatureRegulations for Community NoiseDieter GottlobFederal Environmental Agency, Berlin, Federal Republic ofGermanyIntroductionIn many industrialized countries, noise has developedinto a severe environmental problem. According to arepresentative survey in 1994, 70% of the citizens oftheFederal Republic ofGermany areannoyedby roadtraffic noise, and, among these, 22% are seriouslyannoyed. More than40% of the citizens are annoyedby aircraft noise, and the corresponding numbers forrail traffic and industrial noise are more than 20%I.Similar results have also beenobtained in other countries,e.g.,TheNetherlands 2 .Not only are the direct effects of noise on thepopulation large, but the economic effects of noisemust not be underestimated. Studies in Germanyhavefound thatthe annualcosts accruingfromnoiseamount to 26 to 28 billion Deutsche marks''.Noise is a problem not only of industrializedcountries, but also of many developing countries. In1992, the United Nations Environmental Program(UNEP) published the report The State a/the Environment- Saving our Planet. In the report, it wasstated that "... noise has become a more significantproblem that it was thoughtto be a decadeago. Theproblem is growing, in particular in many urbancenters in developing countries. Noise is a majorproblemin Manila, Bangkok, Cairo, and many othercities 4 ." The main reasons are technical progress,urbanization, and increasing traffic.Thus, in the lastdecade, more and more countriesall over the world have initiated activities to reducethe exposure of their citizens to environmentalnoise, partly because of legislation on EnvironmentalImpact Assessment.The numberofcountrieswhich have set up regulations for community noisehas continuously increased, for example, in SouthernEuropeand in Asia.Even in countries with a long standing traditionof noise abatement, additional efforts are necessaryto improve the protection against noise. The report* In this article, all sound pressure levels are A­weighted, and the unit oflevel is written as dB, notdB(A). - Ed.of the Organization of Economic Cooperation andDevelopment (OECD), Fighting Noise in the 90s 5indicated that the exposure to noise in highly impactedareas (black spots) in its member countrieshas been stabilizing in the 1980s. But for areas withmedium exposure tonoise(gray areas), the situationhas deteriorated in most countries. This developmentis primarily due to the rapidly increasing volumeof traffic.Black spots are areas exposed to levels (L Aeq )*of more than 65 dB in the daytime. Gray areas areexposed to levels between55 and 65 dB. The actualsituation in the European Union is that about 20%of the population lives in blackspots,and about40%lives in gray areas along roads. The values for railwaysare 2% and 8% respectively. Black spotsaround airports affect about 1% of the population' .Increasing exposure and increasing publicawarenesshavemeantthat,in some Europeancountries,noise regulations have been reviewed or up-Dieter Gottlob receivedhis Dipl. Phys. f rom theUniversity of Giittingenin 1969 and his D,; rer.nat. in 1973, alsof rom theUniversity of Giittingen.From 1974 to 1978, hewas a Scientific Assistantat the university, and in1978 he joined the Federal Environme n ta lAgency of Germany inBerlin. From 1981 to 1994, he served as head ofthesection on Effects ofNoise and Vibration at the Agency,and, beginning this year. as Head ofthe department onNoise.He has served on the Advisory Board f or the GermanStandardi zation Committee for Acoustics, Noise Reduction,and Vibration Techniqu es, and on the Advi­SOl) ' Boardfor the German Society ofAcoustics. He isthe author or coauthor ofmore than 50 publications,and is a member ofboth the German Society of Physicistsand the German Society ofAcoustics.1995 DecemberNoiselNews International 223

dated to comply with the requirements of modemnoise abatement policies, especially the action programsagainst noise in Austria 6 and Sweden 7 , thenew noise legislation in FranceS, and the continuingactivities in Great Britain concerning industrialnoise'', Also, the European Union has initiated activitiesconcerning the reduction of noise immis-. 10SlOns .In this article, regulations from various countrieswill be compared and discussed in the context ofguidelines for levels required for protection againstnoise.Basic ConsiderationsIt is the goal of noise abatement to protect the healthand well being of the population. For this, acceptableliving conditions must be created so that importanthuman activities such as communications,recreation, mental work, and sleep can be carriedout, as much as possible, without disturbance orinterference.To reach this goal, it is necessary to apply allpossible noise control measures. Priority must begiven to measures preventing and mitigating noiseemissions, e.g. noise-conscious behavior, applicationof low-noise technology, and temporal restrictionsfor unduly noisy activities.Frequently, these measures are not sufficient tocreate acceptable living conditions. Thus, additionalmeasures have to be applied, for example,• consideration of noise in regional and town planning,especially land-use planning,• noise reduction measures in the propagation path(e.g., noise barriers and berms),• and - as a last resort - insulation of buildings.It is an important task of the authorities to passregulations on the rights and duties of those whomake noise and those who are the recipients of thenoise. In particular, the degree of exposure to noisethat the population must tolerate has to be decided,and decisions have to be made as to when noisecontrol measures must be implemented. In this context,four different situatiuns must be considered:• new developments (i.e., industrial zones, installationsfor transportation, residential areas) withinthe framework of land-use planning,• licensing of new or alteration of existing installationsfor industry or transportation in the surroundingsof residential areas,• licensing of new dwellings near existing installationsfor industry and transportation, and• remedial measures at existing installations anddwellings.In many countries, regulations have been passedboth for various noise sources and for one or more ofthe situationslistedabove.Thedegree to whichtheserequirements must be complied with varies accordingto the legal and administrative system in place,ranging from legally mandatory requirementsto recommendations.Frequently,different authorities (onthe federal, regional, municipal level) with differentresponsibilities are involved in the procedures. Thissometimes leads to a variety of regulations withinone country. Comprehensive legal regulations addressingall sources and all situations in a systematicway exist only in a few countries, e.g. The Netherlands!!and Switzerland!2. In Switzerland, the followingsystem of immission values with gradedcompliance requirements has been introduced:Planning values. These describe the target valueswhichshouldnotbeexceededwhennewinstallationsfor industry and transportation are planned, or whenresidential areas are to be developed. These valuesmay be exceeded when other aspects that have to beconsidered with planning are of higher priority.Immission impact thresholds. These indicate thelimit of noise exposure at dwellings that must not beexceeded when new installationsare built or existinginstallations are substantially altered. At the sametime, they are the target values for remedial measures.In areas where the immission impact thresholdis exceeded, new dwellings are allowed only if theyare sufficiently insulated against noise.Alarm values. These delineateareas where remedialmeasures must be carried out with high priority. Theauthorities mustestablishnoise reductionplans. Preferenceistobe givento measuresto controlnoiseatthesource but, as a minimum, insulation measures atdwellings havetobe taken.Theseregulations, togetherwith financing rules,are a good basis, in the long run,for a sustainable improvementin the noise situation.Target Values for Noise ExposureIn 1993, the World Health Organization (WHO)13published a draft containing recommended guidelinevaluesfor protection against noise.These valuesare primarily oriented towards criteria such as sleepdisturbance, annoyance, and speech interference.They are based on results from numerous studies inlaboratories and field surveys.The target values are as follows:• To protect the majority from being moderatelyannoyed, the noise level (LAeq) should not exceed50 dB.224NoiselNews International1995 December

• To protect the majority of people from beingseriously annoyed during daytime, the level(LAeq) from steady continuous noise in outdoorliving areas should not exceed 55 dB.• At night, outdoor levels (LAeq) should not exceed45 dB, so that the recommended level of 30 dBinside bedrooms for steady state continuous noisecan be met with the windows open.These target values fit quite well with the comfortvalues which were recommended by the EnvironmentalProtection Agency (EPA) of the USA in1974 14 . In the sections below, they are used as ayardstick for the assessment of noise regulations.Noise Regulations in VariousCountriesThe following information is limited to regulationsfor the primary noise sources (industry, road traffic,rail traffic, and air traffic) and to a selected list ofcountries from all over the world.In the tables, immission values for residentialareas only are included because these areas are ofspecial interest. All immission values are the equivalentcontinuous A-weighted sound pressure level,L Aeq, in decibels. The immission values for hospitalsand recreational areas are typically 5 dB lower, and,for mixed residential and commercial areas, 5 dBhigher.Because the descriptions of the areas vary betweencountries and regulations, only approximatecomparisons can be made. The immission values arefor outdoor levels. They are based on informationfrom the various sources which are cited. Becauserevision of some of the regulations is being considered,the information may not be current.For the protection of the population, not only therating quantities and immission values are of importancebut also the conditions under which they mustbe verified (for details, see ISO 1996 Part 3 15 ).Important factors are:• The reference time intervals.• The location at which the noise immission ismeasured.(Here, it is important whether the immissionvalues must be verified near the facade of a buildingor in the free field; the difference amounts to3 dB.)• The conditions of emission and transmission(Here, it is important whether a long termaverage must be considered or whether measurementsare to be made for downwind propagationonly. According to experience in central Europe, thedifferences can amount to 2 dB16.)The corresponding information generally cannotbe found in the legal regulations themselves, but instandards, or guidelines that were not always availablewhen preparing this article or that are missingin publications about regulations. Therefore, someinformation in the following tables may be incomplete,and the author would be grateful to receiveadditional information.Industrial NoiseThe regulations for industrial noise are presented inTables 1 to 3. In nearly all countries under consideration,rating levels, 4, according to ISO 1996 15are applied when assessing industrial noise. Thereare only two exceptions: Belgium and Japan. InBelgium, the percentile level Lcj5 representing thelevel which is exceeded in 95% of the reference timeinterval is decisive. In Japan, the percentile levelLsois in use.The rating level is calculated from the equivalentcontinuous A-weighted sound pressure level, LAeq'and adjustments K T for tonal components and K 1 forimpulsive noise during the reference time interval.Additional adjustments are applied in Germany forexposure during rest periods, and, in some countries,for special noise sources (e.g., Switzerland for industrial,commercial, and agricultural installations).There are considerable differences concerningadjustments and reference time intervals betweenthe countries. Table 2 gives an overview of theadjustments for tonal and impulsive noise.The adjustment for tonal components varies between0 dB (no adjustment at all) and 6 dB. Somecountries apply a single value of 5 dB. This correspondsto the recommendations in ISO R 1996­1971 17 . Other countries apply two values whichdiffer slightly between countries. This approach correspondsto the regulations oflSO 1996-1987 15 . InSwitzerland, there are even three values in use.Generally, the adjustments are determined accordingto the subjective impression of the prominenceof tonal components. But objective methods comparingthe tone level with the level of the maskingnoise in the critical band around the tone are alsoavailable 18, 19.Concerning the adjustment for impulsive noise,various procedures and values exist. Both subjectiveand objective methods are applied to determine K 1 .The maximum value can differ by about 7 dB betweencountries. This variation is partly due to thefact that ISO 1996 Part 2 does not include recommendationson the amount of the adjustment; onlypossible procedures to determine the adjustmentsare described.To overcome this situation, a new ISO workinggroup (TC43/SCI/WG45) has been established to1995 DecemberNoiselNews International 225

N N="~~~­=~ll:l::;....\0\0VI~.., 1ll3 0-~Table 1. A-weighted immission values in dB for noise from industrial installations in residential areas in various countries (Immission point: facade (F) freefield (FF»)country noise index daytime rest periods nighttime immissionpointI 2 3 4 5 6Austria [28] Lr 50· 55 40·45 FFBelgium L 95 45 - 50 40 - 45 35 - 40 -(Flemishregion)[2][29)Canada (30) Lr LAcq,l h oftraffic noise -China (64) LAcq 55 45 -Denmark (31) Lr 45 - 50 40 - 45 35- 40 FFFrance (32) Lr 50 - 55 45 - 50 40 - 45 FGermany (33) Lr 50 - 55 adjustment 35 - 40 FF6dBGreat Britain [9J L r L 90 + 10 dB L90 + 10 dB -Hong Kong [9J L r 65 -70 50 - 55 -Italy [34] Lr 50 - 55 40 - 45 -Japan [35] L so 50-60 45 - 50 40 - 50 FKorea [36] Lr 50 - 55 45 - 50 40 -The Netherlands L f50 45 40 FF[11]Norway [7] Lr 50 45 40 FFSweden [7] L f50 - 55 45 - 50 40 - 45 FFSwitzerland [12] L r 60 50 FFadjustment +5dB for industrialand commercialinstallationsTable 2. Definitions of adjustments for tonal components KT and impulsive noise KI in various countries.country KT KIin dB in dBI 2 - 3Australia [9] 2 or 5 2 or 5Austria [38] 3 or 6 3 if LAlmax- LAFmax< 2 dB(only maximum ofKT andKl) 5 if LAlmax- LAFmax~ 2 dBGermany [33] 30r6 LAleq -LAeqorLAFrcq - LeQAGreat Britain [9] 5 5(only KT or KI)Hong Kong [9] 30r6 3Belgium [39] - LAlmax- LAFmaxi f ~ 4 dBDenmark [31] 5 5Korea [36] - 5The Netherlands [11] 5 5France [32] 5 3 or 5 or 10dependin g on duration andLAFmax- LAcqSwitzerland [12] 2or4or6 2 or 4 or 6(depending on audibility andfrequency ofoccurrences)

develop a new proposal for the definition of thisadjustment. This working group is expected toevaluatethe intensive researchon thissubjectwhichhas been performed during the last decade 20 - 23 .In addition to the adjustments, there are alsodifferences in the reference time intervals and thedecisive time periods within the reference time intervals.In somecountries, theday issubdividedintotwo referencetime intervals whichallows for separateassessments of the exposureduringthe day andat night. Othercountriespreferthree referencetimeintervals- day, rest periods, and night. Usingthreereference time intervals, the rest periods can beprotected more efficiently. Twenty-four hour levelsare not found in the countriesconsidered.In most countries, the exposureis notdeterminedfor the whole reference time interval but only forthe most disadvantageous hours within it. Thenumber of hours that have to be considered variesfrom 1 h to 16h during the daytimeand from 0.5 hto 12 h at night.Thus, the protectionof the populationcan be considerably improved for intermittentnoise.In mostcountries, the rating procedure is carriedout by comparing the noise index (primarily therating level) with immission values. These valuesarepresented inTable I .It showsthat thedifferencesbetween immission values for daytimeand rest periodstypicallyamount to 5 dB. The values for daytimeand nighttime typically differ by 10 dB. Butdifferences of 15dB are also in use.Insomeprovinces ofCanada,thelevel of the roadtraffic noise is taken as a yardstick for industrialnoise. In Great Britain, the rating level of the industrialnoise must not surpass the background L 90 bymore than IO dB. This type of regulation, whichspecifies that the difference between the level ofindustrial noise and the level of the backgroundnoise must not exceed a certain amount, has beenintroduced in France and Italy as an additional criterionfor the assessment of industrial noise whichmust be verified separately. (In France, the differenceshould be less than 3 dB, in Italy, less than 5dB).A comparison between the immission values invarious countries shows that differences can be upto 15dBbetweencountries. But becauseof differentdegrees of enforcement of the regulations(limiting,guideline, planning, recommended values) and differencesin procedures mentioned above, thisnumberhas to be interpreted cautiously.Therequirements fornoise fromindustrial installationsare in generally good agreement with thedraft guideline values of the WHO for desirable oracceptable environmental conditions...

Road Traffic NoiseRoad traffic is the most widespread source of noisein all countries and the primary reason for annoyanceand interference with human activities. Therefore,traffic noise reduction measures have thehighest priority.In Table 4, regulations from various countries arelisted concerning:• land-use planning,• requirements for protection against noise for newand improved roads and dwellings, and• remedial measures for existing roads and dwellings.Because land-use planning, setting noise limits,and the implementation of noise reduction programsare also the responsibility of regional and municipalauthorities, the table can only give a rough overviewof noise regulations in various countries.Column 2 of Table 4 presents the noise indices inuse. It turns out that L Aeq is the preferred noiseindex, but rating levels 4 and percentile levels L10and L50are also applied. Because there is a relativelyclose relationship between these noise indices, atleast on busy streets, the regulations can be comparedmore easily than is the case with industrialnoise. For dense traffic, it can be assumed that L IOis about 3 dB higher than L Aeq, and L 50 about I to 2dB lower.The assessment is carried out using various referencetime intervals ranging from a 24-h periodover two separate periods for day and night to threeseparate intervals for day, rest periods, and night.Generally, the immission values for daytime are 5dB higher than the values for rest periods, and 10 dBhigher than those for nighttime. Because the actualdifferences in exposure are seldom as large, separatereference time intervals lead to more stringent regulationsfor the rest periods and at night. In Germany,for example, the requirements for noise reductionmeasures along roads are mostly determined by thesituation at night.Table 4 demonstrates that there are considerabledifferences between countries in the requirementsfor protection against road traffic noise. Even theplanning values for new developments along roadsshow a range of 20 dB, from 50 dB to 70 dB. Withnew and improved roads, the margin is about 8 dBbetween values from various countries, with mostcountries setting limiting values at about 60 dB. Thisvalue of 60 dB is considerably higher than the guidelinevalues of the WHO. It is then clear that thedecision concerning reasonable immission values isdominated by considerations of feasibility and fi-nancial resources. Because of this, the expansion ofgray areas is inevitable in nearly all countries.For existing roads, noise reduction measures (ingeneral, insulation programs) are supported by someauthorities if the levels exceed 65 dB to 70 dB. Onlyin France, Switzerland, and The Netherlands are theauthorities obliged by law to put up comprehensivelong term programs to reduce the traffic noise exposureof the population to reasonable immission values,at least within their homes.Rail Traffic NoiseRegulations for rail traffic noise from various countriesare presented in Table 5. As can be seen fromcolumn 2, L Aeq is the preferred noise index, as withroad traffic noise. In Austria, Germany, and Switzerland,rating levels are applied. They are calculatedfrom LAeq values and an adjustment which normallyamounts to -5 dB, the so-called railway bonus. InSwitzerland, it can increase to -15 dB for lines withfewer than 7.9 trains per day.Tn Japan, the maximum A-weighted sound pressurelevel LAS max is in use for the Shinkansen lines.As the number, length, and speed of the trains areapproximately equal, there is a nearly constant differencebetween the24L A max and L Aeq values . Generally,maximum levels as the only criteria have thedisadvantage that the number of events are of noimportance when assessing the exposure. As a consequence,measures against noise have to be performedwith the same priority for lines with fewtrains as for lines with many trains.The reference times vary between countries froma 24-hour period over two separate periods for dayand night to three separate periods for day, restperiods, and night. Columns 4 to 6 of Table 5 containnoise limits for the different reference time intervals.The situations they refer to are described in column3. The general remarks about immission values forroad traffic noise also apply for rail traffic noise.The noise limits for new railway lines in residentialareas roughly vary between L Aeq =60 to 70 dB,with an emphasis on levels between 60 and 65 dB.For some European countries the requirements onnoise from railway lines are less stringent than onnoise from roads (railway bonus). The difference is5 dB in Austria, Denmark, Germany, and Switzerland,and 3 dB in The Netherlands. It is taken intoaccount either by an adjustment when determiningrating levels or by higher immission values whenL Aeq is determined.The railway bonus is based on results from socialsurveys 1Il. severaIE' uropean countnes 23. 25. 26. Thesurveys indicated that, at a given L Aeq value, thegeneral annoyance of the population living nearrailway lines is less than the annoyance of the popu-228NoiselNews International1995 December

....~VIr~ZQ~~;- '";;~Q;[Table 4. Road traffic noise regulations in different countries, im mission values for residential areas in dB (A), (Immission point: facade (F) , freefield (FF))index time periods time pointI 2 3 4 5 6 7Japan L 50 environmental standard (target 55 - 60 50 - 55 1 4 5 - 50 Fval ue) for road s[4 1]Korea [49] L Ae

~ c::>Table 5. Railway noise regulations in various countries, A-weighted immission values for residential areas in dB, (Immission point: facade (F), freefield (FF»'l' "'.2~:;;'"-=;;-:31:1:::;§~....\Q~t:'i~.,country noise index type ofimmission values day- rest- night- immissiontime periods time pointI 2 3 4 5 6 7Australia L Acq,24h propo sed limiting value for 70 -(Queensland) new railway line[2]L Am:u. 95Austria L r = limiting value for new and 60 - 65 50 - 55 -[51] LAcq - 5dB considerably altered railwaylinesChina [64] LAcq noise limit 30 m from railway 70 70 -lineDenmark LAcq,24h target value for new railway 60 FF[2] linesLAm:u. target value for new railway 85linesLAcq,24h remedial measures at existing 65 FFlinesFrance L Acq,12h limiting value for new railway 60 - 65 F[2] lines depending on generationofhigh speed trainsGermany planning value for new 50 - 55 40 - 45 FF[44] [45] L r = residential areasLAcq - 5dBlimiting values for new and 59 49 FFconsiderably altered railwaylinesGreat Britain target value for new 55 42 FF[40][53] dwellingsLAcq strong presumptions against 65 57 FFnew dwellingsnoise insulation regulations 68 63 Ffor new railway linesHong Kong LAcq,24h planning value for new 65 -[47] residential areasJapan LASmax environmental standard for 70 F[54] Shinkansen SuperexpressKorea [55] LAcq environmental standard 65 55 -(target values) for new andexisting railway linesThe preferred value for new 57 (+3) 52 (+3) 47 (+3) FFNetherlands railway lines[11][37]1)LAeq intervention threshold for 65 60 55 FFrailway linesmaximum allowable level for 70 (+3) 65 (+ 3) 60 (+3) FFnew and existing railway linesNorway LAeq ,24h planning value for new 60 F[7][52] railway linesLAmax planning value for new 80railway linesLAeq remedial measures at some 76 Fexisting linesSweden limiting value for new railway 60 FF[2][52] lines or new dwellingsL Aeq,24hlimiting value for existing 75 FFrailway linesSwitzerland t.; = L Acq planning value for new 55 45 FF[12] + K railway linesK = immission impact threshold 60 50 FF-5 ... -15 dBdependingon alarm value number of70 65 FFtrains1) ( + 3) temporary correction anticipating less noisy equipment

lation living close to roads. This effect is most pronouncedat higher levels.The reasons for this effect are not yet known.Various explanations are being discussed, e.g., differencesin spectra which cause better sound insulationof buildings against railway noise as comparedto road traffic noise. Other explanations may bedifferent time patterns with quieter time intervalsnear railway lines or different attitudes towards thenoise sources.Fig. 1 presents dose-effect relationships for air,rail, and road traffic. The percentage of highly annoyedpersons is plotted vs LDWlevels (equivalentcontinuous A-weighted sound pressure level for a24-hour period with a +10dB adjustment for nighttimeexposure between 22.00 and 07.00). Thesecurves refer to a reanalysis of several Europeansurveys by Miedema 23 and clearly demonstrate thelower annoyance caused by railway noise and thehigher annoyance caused by air traffic noise comparedwith road traffic noise for the same value ofL Aeq . It must be mentioned that a re-analysis ofsocial surveys from various countries all over theworld by Finegold et al.27 in part yields differentresults. At levels below 75 dB, the differences betweenthepercentagesofhighlyannoyedpersonsaresmaller than in Fig. 1, and, at higher levels, railtrafficnoiseevencauseshigherannoyancethanroadtraffic noise. But because of the small database athigh levels these differences have to be interpretedcautiously.Aircraft NoiseRegulations for protection against aircraft noisehave been developed in many countries. The mostimportant instrument for noise control at airports isnoise zoning as the basis for land-use planning,restrictions for new dwellings, and insulation programs.This instrument is used more or less in allcountries under consideration.An international comparison between aircraftnoiseregulationsis difficultbecausetheratingquantitiesdifferconsiderablybetween countries 63 . Actually,11 different noise indices are in use in the 16countries under consideration.The differences refer to:• the fundamental quantities for single events (Aweightedsound pressure level vs. perceivednoisiness level LpN),• consideration of the duration of fly-overs, therelative weighting of maximum levels andnumber of flights as well as• weighting factors for time of occurrence.% highlyannoyed100908070605040302010o 40Rail traffic- /--- Road traffic/- Air traffic /..........----= ~~,-:,~~::"" ~ ..50/ "/ /' '".J" . .'-:».~./ --- --- ...-Fig. J. Relationship between percentages ofhighlyannoyedpersonsand daynight-levelLDN for air traffic, railtraffic, and roadtrafficnoisefrom selectedEuropean surveys (from Miedemi 3).Thus, direct mathematical conversions are notpossible.Table 6 shows rating indices from various countries.In column 3, approximate formulas are givenusing the following assumptions:• LAmax of all flight-oversis equal,• LAmax =LPNmax - 13 dB,• the duration of the fly-overs (10 dB-down time)is 20 s, and• the number of flights are related to a single (representative)day, reference time interval 24 h./J/' '" - .60~L DN in dBIt turns out that the assessment of aircraft noiseis carried out with a noise index for a 24-h timereference time interval in nearly all countries. It isquestionablewhetheranindexof this typeis suitableto assess the effects of noise exposure at night, evenif high weighting factors for immissionsat night areapplied. This has been under discussion in somecountries, especially when airports have beenopened or considerably improved. In The Netherlands,legislativeactivitieshavebeen performedanda nighttime limit for aircraft of 26 dB (L Aeq ) withinbedroomshas recently been adopted.Table7 showsregulationsin variouscountriesconcerningland-useplanning, restrictions on constructing new dwellings,andinsulationrequirements.Tomakecomparisonseasier, the immission values of the nationalregulations have been translated into L eq ,24h valuesby means of the approximate formulas and the assumptionsthat 90% of the daily flights take placebetween 07.00 and 22.00, 10% between 22.00 and07.00, equally distributed within these time intervals,and a total of 200 flights.The levels below which there are no restrictions..70801995 December NoiselNews International 231

N (oNNZQ~.~ftl:llellf=:e!....\C~I:::'~ 3:;Table 6. Noise indices from various countries. For assumptions of the approximate formulas, see text.Great Britain LAeq,l6h LAmax + 10 log N - 3807 .00 - 23.00I 2 3Australia ANEF L Amax + 10 log (N) + 4 N 2)- 7510 log (L 8/ lO o . IL , ) - 88L; in EPNdBK; = I 07.00 - 19.00= 4 19.00 - 07.00Canada NEF L Amax + 10 log (N 1 + 16.67 N 2)- 7510 log (L 8 / 10°.l L , ) - 88L; in EPNdBK; = I 07.00 - 22.00= 16.67 22.00 - 07.00Denmark L DEN L Amax + 10 log (N 1 + 3.14 N 2 + 10 N 3) - 39Sweden10 log ( ~ ~ 8 / lO o . 1L , )Japan, WE CPNL LAmax + 10 log ( N] + 3 N 2 +10 N 3) - 27China10 log (Ls,lO o . 1L , ) - 27country noise index approximate formulaL; in dB(AX), T = 86 400 sK; = I 07.00 - 19.00= 3.14 19.00 - 22.00= 10 22 .00- 07.00France IP LAmax + 10 log ( N 1 + 10 N 2 ) - 1910 log ( L 8/ 10°.l L , ) - 32L; in PNdBK; = I 06.00 - 22.00= 10 22.00 - 06.00Germany Leq( 4) L Amax + 13.3 log (N) ) - 46Luxembourg13.3 log ( ~ ~ 8/1/10 L ,I 13.3 )L; in dB (ASmax);T = 180*86400 sI; = 10 dB-down-timeK; = 1,5 06.00 - 22.00= 0 22.00 - 6.00 orK; = I 06.00 - 22.00= 5 22.00 - 06.00/jL; in dB (ASmax)K; = 1 07.00 - 19.00= 3 19.00 - 22 .00- 10 17 0 0 _ 7 0 0Netherlands B 1.33 L Amax + 20 log (N 1+ ... + 10 N 3) - 10620 log (L s, 10 L ;l 15 ) - 157/jL jin dB (Amax), yearly flights~ =1 08.00 - 18.00= 2...8 06.00 - 08.00;18.00 - 23 .00= 10 23.00 - 06 .00Norway EFN LAmax+IOlog( N 1 + . . + 10 N 3) - 3910 log ( 1. L 8 / 100'IL, )T ,L jin dB(AX), T = 86 400 s/g j = I 08.00 - 18.00= 1...10 06.00 - 08.00;18.00 - 24 .00= 10 24.00 - 06.00Switzerland NNI LAmax + 15 log N - ~7Ireland L j + 15 log N - 80L j in PNdBmaxN: number during 06.00 - 22.00USA L DN L Amax + 10 log (N] + 10 N 2) - 39New Zealand10 log ( ~~g j 10 0 . 1L , )L jin dB(AX), T = 86 400 sgj = 1 07.00 - 22 .00= 10 22.00 - 07 .00

....III~?t~~S.zQcountry national LAeq.24h regulationsnoiseindexin dB1 2 3 4Australia < 20 < 53 no restrictionsCanada s 25 ~ 57 no restrictions[30] [56]> 35 > 68 dwellings not allowedChina [64] s 70 ~ 54 no restrictionsDenmark s 55 s 51 no restrictions[56][63]III~III...~~eo~> 55 > 51 no new dwellings~[58] [60]Table 7. Aircraft noise regulations in vari ous countries, LAeq,24h calculated from approximate formulas (see text).[42] 20 ... 25 53 ... 58 new dwellings with appropiate insulation> 25 > 58 new dwellings not allowed28 ... 30 60 ... 62 new residential areas with appropiateinsulation> 65 > 61 support ofinsulation measures atCopenhagen AirportFrance < 84 < 62 no restrictions (at some airports 78)[2][63] 84 - 89 62 -71 sound insulation for existing dwellingsGermany < 62 < 62 no restrictions in some federal states67 ... 75 67 ... 75 new dwellings only with improvedinsulation, noise level reduction (NLR) >40 dB> 75 > 75 no new dwellings, support of insulationat existing dwellings, NLR > 45 dBJapan 85 > 69 insulation measures (indoor level ~ 65WECPNLThe Netherlands s 35 ~ 50 no restrictions[56] [60][63]> 35 > 50 generally no new residential areasallowed>40 > 53 generally no new dwellings allowed40 - 50 53 - 60 support ofinsulation at existingdwellings, NLR: 30 - 35 dB50 - 55 60 - 64 NLR: 35 - 40 dBNew Zealand s 55 ~ 52 no restrictions[61] 55 - 65 52 - 62 new dwellings only with appropiate> 65 > 62insulationno new residential areas allowedNorway ~ 60 ~ 55 no restrictions[56] [60] > 60 > 55 no new resident ial areas allowed60 ... 70 55 ... 65 insulation measures (indoor level < 35EFN)Sweden [63] < 55 < 51 no restrictionsSwitzerland >45 > 62 no new residential areas allowed[57] [60][63] 45 - 55 62 -72 support ofinsulation: walls > 50 dB,windows> 35 dBGreat Britain ~ 57 s 55 no restrictions[40] [56]57 ... 66 55 ... 64 new dwellings only with appropiateinsulation> 66 > 64 strong presumptions against newdwellings> 72 > 70 no new dwellings allowed> 69 > 67 insulation schemes at London airportsUSA ~ 6 5 ~ 62no restrictions[50] [56J [60]65 -70 62 - 67 new developments not recommended,NLR > 25 dB70 -75 67 -72 new developments stronglydisencouraged, NLR > 30 dB> 75 > 72 no new developments allowed

for residential areas or dwellings vary considerablybetween countries (50 to 62 dB). In some cases, theyare clearly higher than the draft recommendedguideline values of the WHO. Also, the limitingvalue for building new dwellings differs considerablybetween the countries, ranging from 53 to 75dB. It is obvious that the possibilities of land-useplanning for preventing future conflicts are not yetexhausted in several countries. Insulation measuresfor new dwellings related to the noise zones aremandatory in most countries. Only in a few countriesis there a legal claim for insulation measuresfor existing dwellings, e.g., in The Netherlandswithin all zones and also in France. In both countries,the costs for the insulation schemes are paidfor by the airlines.DiscussionThis overview of community noise regulations fromvarious countries has made it clear that there arelarge differences in the methods used to describe andassess noise impacts for different noise sources bothamong countries and within countries.It is evident that the methods for describing andassessing noise impacts in ISO 1996 Part 2 becomemore and more important when updating noise regulations,especially with respect to industrial noiseand transportation noise. The basic concept in ISO1996, to determine rating levels, has been supplementedin some countries. Additional non-acousticalfactors ofimportance for the assessment of noisehave been introduced. These include:• adj ustments for noise which carries information,• time of occurrence,• special situations (e.g., at traffic lights),• special sources (e.g., rail noise, industrial plants),ando number of events.This rating method seems to be the generallyaccepted procedure despite some shortcomings concerning,for example, the evaluation of low frequencynoise or loud events which occurinfrequently. However, numerous research resultsare available for the relationship between L Acq valuesand noise effects.A harmonization of rating procedures seems tobe important for several reasons:o to make possible a comprehensive accepter-relatedassessment of noise situations,• to make noise abatement strategies and proceduresmore comprehensible for the affected citizensand, just as important,• to make these strategies and procedures morecomprehensible for all persons engaged in decisionsand enforcement of noise reduction.Despite all demands for harmonization there hasto be enough flexibility to take into account thedifferences in life-style in various countries whichmay be caused, for example, by different climates(living outdoors, closing windows). As an example,it does not make sense to harmonize reference timeintervals between countries. They must be adaptedto national and regional conditions.The development of rating procedures to an accepter-relatedassessment has not yet been addressedin community noise regulations. To date,different noise sources have been evaluated separately,sometimes leading to unsatisfactory results.In the scientific community, these rating proceduresare still bein:¥: discussed, but applicable solutions arestill lacking 3.In this context, it is worth mentioning some proposalsin the Swedish Action Program 7 on noiseabatement. They are directed to the establishing orpreserving of the quiet side of dwellings. To reachthis goal, noise levels that are substantially higherthan the immission value of 55 dB may be acceptedfor the noisy side of the dwelling. Surveys in TheNetherlands have indicated that the existence ofquiet outdoor living spaces, living rooms, and bedroomssignificantly reduces the degree ofannoyanceof residents 23 .Concerning noise quality, one of the major topicsof INTER-NOISE 94, the evaluation of noise regulationshas shown that the draft WHO guidelinevalues for acceptable living conditions have beenintroduced as environmental quality standards ortarget values for land-use planning in many countries.Often they also represent immission values fornoise from industrial installations.Concerning transportation noise, these guidelinevalues seem to be out of reach at least in the shortand medium term. This becomes evident when lookingat the targets of the Fifth Environmental Actionprogram of the European Communities concerningurb an environmenta . 1quality 10.By the year 2000,ooothe exposure of the population to noise levels inexcess of 65 dB LAeq at night should be phasedout,the proportion ofpopulation presently exposed tolevels between 55 and 65 dB should not suffer anyincrease in noise levels, andthe proportion of the population at present exposedto levels less than 55 dB should not sufferany increase above this level.234Noise/News International1995 December

The last two objectives have been criticized byseveral European countries that have advancednoise legislation because they would allow higherimmissions than are already legally enacted.With new roads, immission values that are up to10 dB higher than the recommended values of WHOare accepted as reasonable because of feasibility andfinancial considerations. Thus, new black spots willarise and gray areas will inevitably expand in mostcountries. If at all, sound insulation measures forexisting roads are supported by authorities if thenoise levels exceed 65 to 70 dB. For rail traffic noisethe situation is very similar.Noise zoning regulations for aircraft noise havebeen established in many countries. Generally theycombine land-use restrictions and sound insulationmeasures. The noise indices used vary considerably.It turns out that new residential areas can be permittedat levels considerably greater than the draftguideline values of the WHO. From this, it can beexpected that future conflicts will arise because ofincreasing traffic.The harmonization of regulations must be strictlypromoted. The regulations should be as simple aspossible to make them comprehensible for the publicand to improve their enforcement by the authorities.ReferenceslInstitut fur praxisorientierte Sozialforschung, Meinungen zurUmweltpolitik1994.Mannheim,Germany, 1994.2Lambert, 1., Vallet, M., Study related to the preparation of acommunicationon the futureEC noisepolicy. Commissionof theEuropeanCommunities, Brussels,Belgium, 1994.3Weinberger, M., Thomassen,H. G., Willeke,R., Costof noiseinthe Federal Republic of Germany. Umweltbundesamt, Berichte9191, Erich SchmidtVerlag, Berlin, Germany, 1991.4UNEP-Report: The state of the environment(1972-1992)-Savingour planet. Nairobi,Kenya 1992.sOECD-Repon: Noiseabatementpoliciesfor the 1990s.Geneva,Switzerland, 1991.60sterreichischeAkademieder Wisscnschaften, UmweltwissenschaftlicheGrundlagenund Zielsetzungenim Rahmen des NationalenUmweltplanesfur die BereicheKlima,Luft,GeruchundLarm, Bundesministerium fur Umwelt,Jugend und Familie, Vienna,Austria, 1994.7Sweden:Actionplan for noise.Gothenburg, Sweden, 1993.8France: Noise AbatementAct of 1992-12-31.9Porter, N. D., The assessmentof industrialnoise - A Reviewofvarious national practices. National Physical Laboratory, Teddington,UnitedKingdom, 1995.lOCommission of the EuropeanCommunities: Towards a sustainabledevelopment. Brussels,Belgium, 1992.11An outline of the Nederlands' Noise AbatementAct. Ministryof Housing, PhysicalPlanningandEnvironment, The Hague,TheNetherlands, 1987.12 SwissNoiseProtectionOrdinanceof 1986-12-15.13World HealthOrganization: Community Noise.EnvironmentalHealthCriteria Document.ExternalReview Draft, 1993.14U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, Informationon levelsof environmental noise requisite to protect public health andwelfare with an adequate margin of safety. EPA 55019-74-005,Washington, DC, USA, 1974March.ISISO 1996, "Description and measurement of environmentalnoise"Part I "Basic quantitiesand procedures,"1982.Part 2 "Acquisitionof data pertinentto land use," 1987.Part 3 "Applicationto noiselimits," 1987.16VDI-Guideline 2714: Outdoor sound propagation. VDI,Dusseldorf, Germany, 1988.17ISORecommendation R 1996"Acoustics-Assessmentof noisewith respectto communityresponse," 1971.18German Standard DIN 45681, Detection of tonal componentsofnoiseanddetermination ofatoneadjustmentfortheassessmentof noise irnrnissions. Berlin,Germany, 1992.19I5O 7779 "Acoustics- Measurementof airbornenoise emittedby computersand businessequipment, 1988.2oGroeneveld, Y.anddeJong,KG., CECjoint projecton impulsenoise: Overall results of field studies, Proc. INTER-NOISE 85,Munich,Germany, 905-908,1985.2lRice, e.G., CEC joint research on annoyance due to impulsenoise: Laboratory studies, Proc. 4th International Congress"Noise As A Public Health Problem," Milan, Italy, 1073-1084,1983.22Vos, J., Annoyancecausedby simultaneous impulse,road-traffic,and aircraftsounds:A quantitivemodel,J. Acoust. Soc. Am.,91, 3330-3345, 1992.23Miedema, H.M.E.,Responsefunctionsfor environmentalnoisein residential areas, TNO-Report92.021, Leiden, The Netherlands,1992.24Kaku, 1., Community response to railway noise - Comparisonof social surveyresults betweenJapan and other countries,Proc.INTER-NOISE 94, Yokohama, Japan, 121-124,1994.2sM6hler, U., Communityresponseto railwaynoise: Areviewofsocial surveys,J. Sound Vibr.,120, 321-332,1988.26Lang, 1., Schallimmission von Schienenverkehrsstrecken. Forschungsarbeitenaus dem Verkehrswesen. Band 23, Vienna, Austria,1989.27Finego1d, L.S., Harris,e.S., and von Gierke,H.E., Communityannoyanceand sleep disturbance: Updated criteria for assessingThe impacts of general transportation noise on people, NoiseControlEng. .I., 42, 25-30,1994.28Austria: OAL-Richtlinie Nr. 3 "Beurteilungvon Schallimmissionen-Larrnstorungenin der Nachbarschaft." December 1986.29Verhas, H.P.,Environmental regulationson industrial noise inBelgium,Proc. EURO-NOISE 92, 27-32,London,United Kingdom,1992.30Health and WelfareCanada: National guidelines for environmentalnoisecontrol, Ottawa,Canada, 1989.31Denmark: Umweltamt: Brosehiire Nr. 5/1984 "Externer Larmvon Unternehmen." Copenhagen, Denmark, 1984November.32Ministere de l'Environnement, Reglementation relative auxbruits ariens ernis dans I'environnement par les installationsclassesof 1985-08-20.33Germany: VDI 2058 Part 1 "Assessmentof working noise inthe neighborhood," Berlin,Germany, 1985.34Cocchi, A. et al., Newlegislationin Italy.Proc.EURO-NOISE92, 319-324,London,United Kingdom, 1992.3SJapan: Cabinet Order No. 324 of 1968 amendedby order No.22 of 1986.36Republic of Korea: Industrial Noise Emission PermissibleStandard(Factory)Noise and Vibration RegulationAct, 199037van den Berg,M., Noise and the art of maintenance, Proc. 6thInternational Congress"NoiseAsAPublicHealthProblem," 561,566, Nice, France, 1993.38Austrian Standard S 5004, "Noise Immission Measurement,"1985.39Fritz, K. R., Nationalelinternationale Vorschriften und Re-1995 DecemberNoiselNews International 235

gelungen zur Larminderung -Nachbarschaft. Vfrl-Bericht Nr.1040,Diisseldorf, Germany, 1994.40UK DepartmentOf Environment: DraftPlanningPolicyGuidance:PlanningAndNoise 1991.41Japan: Environmental Quality Standards For Noise, CabinetDecisionOf 1971-05-25.42Burgess, M., OECD-Environment Committee, Exchange ofinformationonnoiseabatement onnoiseabatementpolicies.CasestudyonAustralia,studyonAustralia,PolicyGuid­Paris,France, 1988.430AL-RichtlinieNr.23"MassnahmenzumSchutz zumSchutzvorStrassen­Strassenvcrkehrslarm-Planungsgrundlagen," 1983May.44German StandardDIN 18005 Part 1,"Noiseprotectionin townplanning," 1987.45Germany: TrafficNoiseOrdinanceof of 1990-06-12, BundesgesetzblattII 1990,1036-1048 1036-104846UK Minister of State for Transport: Noise InsulationRegulations197347Wong, S. W H. and Hong,WK.w., Planningagainsttranspor­againsttransportationnoise in a metropolis. Proc, EURO-NOISE 92, 375-382,London,United Kingdom, 1992.48Brambilla, G., Noise and trafficmanagement in Italian towns,Proe. INTER-NOISE93,581-586, Leuven,Belgium, 1993.49Rep. of Korea: Environmental Standards. Enforcement Decreeof the Basic Environmental PolicyAct, 1991.50US Department Of Housing And Urban Development, TheNoiseGuidebook. Washington, DC, USA, 1985.51Austria: RailwayNoiseImmissionOrdinanceof of 1993-06-15.52Walker, 1. G., The application of LAeq to railway noise, Proc.EURO-NOISE 92, 19-25,London,United Kingdom, 1992.53UK MinisterOf State ForTransport,ProposalFor Noise InsulationStandardForNew Railways 1991.in reference52.54Japan: Environmental Quality Standards For Skinkansen SuperexpressRailwayNoiseof of 1973-07-29.55Republic Of Korea: Proposed Environmental Standard ForRailwayNoise.PrivateCommunication by National InstituteofEnvironmental Research 1994.56NATO CCMS (Ed.): Aircraft Noise In A Modem Society.ReportNo. 185, 1989.57Rathe, E., OECD-EnvironmentCommittee, Committee, Exchange of informationonnoise abatementpolicies,Case studyon Switzerland,Paris,France, 1988.58Germany: Air Traffic Act of 1971-03-30. Bundesgesetzblatt I1971,28228759Japan:Environmental QualityStandardsFor AircraftNoiseofof1973-12-27.6oEhrenstein, W., International methodsfor the assessment andreduction of aircraft noise. German Federal EnvironmentalAgencyReportNo. 10505407/01, 1, Berlin,Germany, 199061New ZealandStandard6805, AirportNoiseManagementAndLandUse Planning, 199262Chan,R, , Kwan,A., andWai,CP, Howadequately isthepublicprotectedfrom railway noise?,Proc. 6th International Congress"Noise As A Public Health Problem," 647-650, Nice, France,1993.63Koppert, A. J., Land-useplanningsystems. Draft Report,TheHague,The Netherlands, 1994January.64Cheng, M., Noise legislation and criteria in China. Proc. IN­TER-NOISE 94, 2149-2152, Yokohama,Japan 1994.I •I • IaA' A '01 ye-o,nil'" Norsonic~S,P.().Box24, N-3408 Tranby, NorwayNiNo , ••, V~ I Vi I IIV Phone +473285 2080, FAX +47 3285 2208In USA: Scantek, Inc. 916 Gist. Ave., Silver SprIng; MD 20910 Phone 301/495-7738, FAX 301/495-7739REAL TIMEFREQUENCYANALYSISINow yo'-l can have all the analysis .•.power you need on your a,rnf.';'..Weighted and unwelghted level allatY~.: f•.,c.tFrequency analysls-serlal Bl1d·rea,UIi.tM!i;.:,.;';·Event detectlol,l an9 reco .r~l;flg;·· ..>Automat"·1)Q'"'fflQ~ling;··· Hum. !tibration;Reverb.ationti~talculations;Sophlstlcatea el~rollicaflevel recording.The Sound AnalYzer'SA11G'is supplied completewithmicrophon~ an(l·preamplifier. Call today!..... .. .. .. .. ~IReaderServiceNumber 1236 NoiselNews International 1995 December

CONTROLTheillustrations inthisfeaturearticleappearedfirstina book publishedinSwedishby Arbetarskyddsfonden, the Swedish Work Environment Fund. The Fund was establishedbynationallegislation in Sweden to conductresearch and education in thefieldofwork environment improvement, and isjointly operatedby Swedish employers andlaborunions.The book wastranslatedinto Englishand disseminated as a guidefor workersandemployers by the U.S. Department ofLabor. It has also been translated into otherlanguages, notably Finnish and Danish, but its overall circulation has been limited.The illustrations are being republished here to give them wider circulation, particularlyamongnoise controlengineers.Theformulation ofthe principles, the choice ofexamples and the preparation ofpreliminary sketcheswastheworkofStig Ingemansson. Theoriginalillustrations werepreparedby Claes Folkesson.Theprinciplesand practice ofnoise controlarepresentedin eight sections:PrinciplesandPractice(Part 7)A. Sound behaviorB. Soundfrom vibrating platesC. Soundproduction in air or gasesD. Soundproduction inflowing liquidsE. Soundpropagation indoorsF. Soundpropagation in ductsG. Soundfrom vibrating machinesH. Sound reduction by enclosure walls.The text of the U.S. Department of Labor translation has been checked andimproved by the author. The illustrations are beingpublishedseriallyin NoiselNewsInternational. Illustrations AI through A4 appearedin NNI, Vol 2 No.2, 1994June,pages /08- II 5. Illustrations A5 through A8 appeared in NNI, Vol 2. No.3, 1994September, pages 185-193. Illustrations Bl through B3 appearedin NNI, Vol. 2, No.4, 1994 December, pages 244-249. Illustrations B4 through B6 appearedin NNl, Vol.3, No.1 , 1995March, pages46-51. Illustrations B7 through C2appearedin NNI, Vol.3, No.2, 1995 June, pages 120-127. Illustrations C3 through C5 appeared in NNI,Vol. 3, No.3, 1995September, pages 178-183. Illustrations appearingin thisissuearethefollowing:Stig IngemanssonC6. Lowfrequency jet noise is easier to reduce if convertedto highfrequencyC7. Fansmake less noise ifplaced in smoothundisturbedflow streamsD1. Rapidpressure changesproducenoiseTheseillustrations shouldassistengineersin explaining to othersthefundamentalprinciplesofnoise control. -Ed.Stig Ingemansson is thefounder ofSwedensleadingconsulting firm in acoustics.He was a lecturerin acousticsfor many years at Chalmers University ofTechnology,Gothenburg, Sweden, andrecently receivedan honorarydoctorate from theuniversity.His address is: Stig N.P. lngemansson, DNVIngemansson AB, Gullbergs Strandgata6, Box 276, S-40 124 Gothenburg, Sweden.1995 December Noise/News International 237

··C6SOUNO·••PRODUCTION.·INAIROR ·GASES.-DUCTSLOW FREQUENCY JET NOISEIS EASIER TO REDUCE IFCONVERTED TO HIGHFREQUENCYIf the diameter of a gas outletis large, the noise willpeak at low frequency. If the diameter is small, thenoise will peak at high frequency. The lowfrequency noise can be reduced by replacing a largeoutlet with several small ones. The high frequencynoise is increased, but this is more easily attenuated.Principlemixing regionsingle large outletjet streambranchedoutletmixing region238NoiselNews International1995 December

Application with compressed air and steamperforatedplatepacking of poroussound absorptive materialExampleSteam safety valves in industrysometimes have to discharge very largeamounts of steam many times each day.The required large pipes and large outletspeeds produce high level noise withdominating low frequencies. These aredisturbing at great distances.perforatedplatepacking ofsoundabsorptivemateriallilll~~manY smalljet outletsControl MeasureA diffuser in the shape of a perforatedcone and a high-frequency muffler withlow flow resistance are connected to thesteam pipe. The outlet speed is reducedby a factor of four. The total noiseemitted is reduced by about 20 dB. Thehelical muffler absorbs the highfrequencysound generated by the manysmall holes of the perforated cone.diffusersteam pipeexhaust1995 December NoiselNews International 239

C7SOUND PRODUCTION IN AIR OR GASES - FANSFANS MAKE LESS NOISE IFPLACED IN SMOOTH,UNDISTRUBED FLOWSTREAMSAfan produces turbulence in air, which causes noise.If turbulence is already present in the incoming air,the sound will be more intense. The same principleapplies, for example, to propellers in water.Principleair flows freelyto rotorweak turbulenceair is disturbedas it reachesthe rotorstrong turbulence240NoiselNews International1995 December

Application with ventilationExampleIn one case, the fan is located too closeto a barrier, and in the other case tooclose to a sharp bend. The flow isdisturbed, and the noise at the outlet isintense.Control MeasureThe control vanes are moved furtherfrom the fan so that the turbulence hastime to die down. In the other case, thebend is made smoother, and the fan ismoved away from the bend. Turningvanes could also be used.increaseddistancebend withstrong turbulencebuildupbend withweak turbulencebuildupincreaseddistance1995 December NoiselNews International 241

01 SOUND PRODUCTION IN FLOWING LIQUIDS - PIPE SYSTEMSABRUPT CHANGES IN AREAPRODUCE NOISETurbulence will be created if the cross-sectional arealiquid-filled pipe increases rapidly, and gas releasedin the form of bubbles produces a roaring sound.This sound can be reduced by avoiding rapidchanges in cross-sectional area within the pipingsystem.Principle---:t ..-t"-:-t~ ----turbulencegas bubblesdiffuser•"-_=:-.~.: '":: :242NoiselNews International1995 December

Application with control valves for liquid systemscustomary design ofcontrol valveExampleControl valves in liquid systems oftenhave small valve seats with sharp edgesand twisted flow paths - resulting in highflow speeds and large pressure changes.The higher the flow speed, the morenoise is produced. Air-borne sound isradiated directly by valves and pipes, andsolid-borne sound is carried to structuralelements nearby and far away.Control MeasureControl valves with larger cone diameters,straighter flow paths, and morerounded edges are used.small diameter of sealingring - rapid flow speedin the gapsmall, gradualarea changesvalve stem~.:..:.o...-_large diameter of sealingsurface - low flow speed~"'.""''''_~in:the gap1995 DecemberNoiselNews International 243

Pan-American NewsG.C. Maling, Jr., Pan-American EditorUSASAE Meets in Traverse City, Michigan.The sixth biennial Noise and VibrationConference & Exposition of the Societyof Automotive Engineers (SAE) was heldnear Traverse City, Michigan, USA on1995 May 15-18. The attendance at theconference and the accompanying seminarswas 1548 persons representing theUSA and sixteen other countries.General Chairman Bernard Challenand his committee arranged a program of23 sessions in which 140 technical presentationswere made over a three-day period.Session themes were heavilyoriented towards automotive issues; engines,chassis components and systems,tire/pavement noise, measurement methods,BEM/FEM/SEA techniques, andsound quality. Evening workshops werealso presented on acoustical materialsand acoustic simulation/modeling.The Exposition drew seventy-threeexhibitors; the latest in materials, instrumentation,hardware and software, andavailable support services was displayed.A two-volume, 750-page proceedingsof the conference (SAE P-29l) is availablefrom the Publications Division,SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale,PA 15096. Telephone: +I 4127764970. The next Conference and Expositionis being planned for 1997 May19-23 at the same Traverse City venue.HMMH Acquires ANOMS. HarrisMiller Miller & Hanson Inc. (HMMH)has announced that the firm has acquiredthe Airport Noise and Operations MonitoringSystem (ANOMS©) business ofLarson-Davis, Incorporated (LDI). TheANOMS© technology is used by morethan 20 airports in the USA, Canada, andEurope to help control noise. The managementand staff for ANOMS© activitiesat LDl have joined HMMH.HMMH offers noise-related servicesto airports, including consulting, hardwareand software development and installation,operation of monitoringsystems, and management of noise controlprograms.Airplane Noise Levels Continue toDrop. According to the U.S. Departmentof Transportation (DOT), the level ofnoise at the nation's airports and surroundingareas continues to decline asairlines take older, noisier airplanes out ofservice and replace them with newer, quieterones.During 1994, the proportion of quieteraircraft used by U.S. airlines increasedfrom 62.4 percent of the fleet to 66.3percent. The number of aircraft with reducednoise levels rose from 3,943 to4,427 during the year. The improvementreflects compliance by the airlines withlegislation passed in 1990 requiring thatolder, noisier (Stage 2) aircraft be replacedby quieter (Stage 3) aircraft by theyear 2000. Stage 2 aircraft are beingmodified to Stage 3 or replaced by newStage 3 aircraft designed with the latesttechnology.DOT Secretary Pena recently submitteda report to the U.S. Congress thatstates that the number of noisier aircraftdeclined from 2,372 in 1993 to 2,250 bythe end of 1994. "The report shows theFAA's continued commitment to reducingaircraft noise," he said.Secretary Pena said that FAAwill continueto sponsor programs that mitigatethe impact of aviation noise. More than200 airports are voluntarily participatingin an FAA-supported noise compatibilityplanning program, which makes federalfunds available for airport noise mitigationprojects. These activities allow airportpersonnel to model the impact ofaircraft noise around airports and to planways to mitigate its impact.Stage 2 aircraft include Boeing models727-200, 737-200, and McDonnellDouglas model DC-9. Stage 3 aircraftinclude Boeing models 737-300,757, andMcDonnell Douglas model MD-80. Priorto the 1999 December 31 final compliancedate, the airlines have interim compliancedates. By 1994 December, 55percent of an airline's fleet had to beconverted to Stage 3; by Dec. 31, 1996,65 percent; and by 1998 December 31, 75percent. Interim compliance can also beachieved based on percent reductions inStage 2 aircraft.FAA Releases Version 5.0 of the IntegratedNoise Model. The U.S. FederalAviation Administration (FAA) has announcedthe release of Version 5.0 of theIntegrated Noise Model (INM). This releaseuses advances in PC computer hardwareand software to improve INMeffectiveness in computing noise impactsin the vicinity of airports.Version 5.0 is said to offer increasedrange of analysis. Whether the topic of anINM study is a new airport or runway,alternate flight profiles and operatingprocedures, revised routings, or futuretraffic demand and fleet mix, the newanalytical capabilities in Version 5.0 willfacilitate the investigation of alternatives.New capabilities include:• Single-event noise descriptors• Population noise impacts by contourlevel• Lateral dispersion of flight tracks• Flexible aircraft profile generation• Graphical track construction• Expanded visual analysisThese capabilities are supported byenhancements to the core technology andnoise calculation algorithms as well as byan entirely new data processing architecture.The result is said to be greater precision,performance, and efficiency inconstructing study cases.The most visible difference in Version5.0 is the new Windows interface. Datainput is now menu-driven using data basetables, not a text file, with graphics playinga central role in both case constructionand visual analysis of results. Userscan analyze their findings with the helpof geographic information system (GIS)overlays (census population and streetmaps, ARTS radar tracks, airport layoutdrawings, terrain, etc.) and other featuressuch as difference contours which illustratethe change in exposure between twoalternatives. Improved contour plotting is244NoiselNews International1995 December

accomplished through the use of the U.S.Air Force NMPLOT program.To facilitate case construction, Version5.0 supplies FAA static airport andnavigational data (e.g., Navaids, fixes)for the entire U.S. as well as the means todisplay processed ARTS radar data forgenerating INM tracks. Users also canimport information from the Official AirlineGuide (OAG) for developing annualoperating schedules.The cost of the software is $250,which includes Version 5.0 software capableof running on both Windows NT(V3.5) and Windows (V3.1), the User'sGuide, the Technical Manual (pending),shipping and handling, limited technicalsupport, mailings and minor upgrades.The minimum hardware and softwarerequirements for Version 5.0 are:• 486DX 66-MHz processor• Microsoft Windows NT (V3.5) with32-Mb RAM or Windows (V3.1) with16-Mb RAM• 640x480 16 colors VGA display• Mouse input device• 3.5 inch, 1.44 Mb floppy disk drive• 300-Mb hard disk drive (INM system20 Mb; studies 1-30 Mb each)• CD-ROM drive for terrain and censusdata processing (optional)Version 5.0 was developed under WindowsNT (V3.5) and can be run on bothWindows NT (3.5) and Windows (3.1).INM is expected to run on the futureMicrosoft Windows-95 operating system.For more information, please contactJohn M. Guiding, INM 5.0 Program Manager,AEE-120, Room. 900W, 800 IndependenceAve. SW, Washington, DC20591. Telephone: +1 202 267-3654;FAX: +1202267-5594.NOISE-CON 96 News from INCE/USANATO CCMS Track to be held at NOISE·CON 96. In additionto the regular technical program at NOISE-CON 96, aspecial series of sessions devoted to military noise problems willbe held during the meeting in cooperation with the NATOCommittee on Challenges of Modem Society (NATO CCMS).Earlier this year, the U.S. Department of Defense andINCEIUSA agreed to this cooperative arrangement which isexpected to be of benefit to both groups. NATO CCMS participationwill be coordinated by Dr. Paul Schomer of the U.S.Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories inChampaign, Illinois, USA.INCEIUSA Noise Control Demonstration to be Held in Conjunctionwith NOISE·CON 96. The Institute of Noise ControlEngineering of the USA has announced that a special session onNoise Control Demonstration Devices will be held in conjunctionwith its 1996 National Conference on Noise Control Engineering,NOISE-CON 96 - to be held in Bellevue, Washingtonon 1995 September 29 -October 02. Participation by representativesfrom industry, government, and academia is welcome.Participants are encouraged to consider both active andpassive means to illustrate the roles of such factors as insulation,absorption, radiation, vibration isolation, damping, fan-ductgeometry, machine tool geometry, etc. in noise control. Aspecialobjective of this session is to identify relatively simple andinexpensive devices that are capable of demonstrating one ormore of the basic principles of noise control.Brief presentations will be made concerning the principlesto be demonstrated and their significance - along with descriptionsof the demonstration equipment and its operation.Entries from academia will be judged, and monetary prizeswill he awarded based on their demonstrated effectiveness aswell as their general suitability for classroom use. Writtendescriptions and information sufficient for reproductionby others must accompany competition entries. Competitionrules and additional information about NOISE­CON 96 are available from the Institute of Noise ControlEngineering, P.O. Box 3206 Arlington Branch,Poughkeepsie, NY 12603.INCEIUSA to Sponsor Student PaperPrize Competition.INCE/USA has announced that the eighth annualStudent Paper Prize Competition will be held in conjunctionwith NOISE-CON 96. The student awards will bepresented at the conference. The competition is opento students who are registered at U.S. colleges anduniversities.The 1996 Competition will be the eighth sponsored byINCE. The first presentations were made at INTER­NOISE 89, also held in Newport Beach, California inDecember, 1989. Up to five awards will be given tostudents who submit six-page manuscripts directly relatedto noise control engineering. Winning entries willbe selected by a judging committee appointed by 1995INCE President Louis C. Sutherland, and each will receivea cash award of USD 1000 as well as a complimentaryregistration at the conference. Ifan expanded versionof the paper is later published in the Institute's peer-reviewedtechnical publication, Noise Control EngineeringJournal, the student will receive an additional USD 500award.Competition rules and additional information aboutNOISE-CON 96 are available from the Institute of NoiseControl Engineering, P.O. Box 3206 Arlington Branch,Poughkeepsie, NY 12603. The deadline for receipt ofmanuscripts for the student competition is 1996 June 14.1995 December NoiselNews International 245

PeopleHoover Receives Distinguished EngineeringAward. Robert M. Hoover, aBoard Certified Member of the Instituteof Noise Control Engineering of theUSA, has received the 1995 DistinguishedEngineering Award from theUniversity of Maine, College of EngineeringRecognition Committee. Theaward was established in 1979 to giverecognition to an individual outside theuniversity who has brought distinction tothe profession of engineering.Hoover began his career at Bolt Beranekand Newman in Cambridge, Massachusetts,USA as a specialist in noisecontrol engineering. More recently, hehas made contributions in a number ofareas of noise control engineering, includingindustrial noise control andpower plant acoustics. He has made manycontributions to noise control in heating,ventilating, and airconditioning systems.Since 1978, he has been a principal ofHoover & Keith, Inc., a firm in Houston,Texas, USA which he helped to establish.He is a fellow of the Acoustical Societyof America and a long-time contributorto Technical Committee 2.6, soundand vibration control, of the AmericanSociety of Heating, Ventilating, and AirconditioningEngineers (ASHRAE). Heis a member of ASHRAE, and is pastchairman of TC 2.6.Schwind Named AES Fellow. DavidSchwind, a Member of the Institute ofProfessor Elfyn J. Richards passed awayat his home in Romsey, Hampshire,United Kingdom on 1995September 07.Richards was the first Professor ofAeronautical Engineering at SouthhamptonUniversity, and was also the first Directorof the Institute of Sound andVibration Research (ISVR), set up in1963, where the research and teachingcoversevery aspectof noiseand vibration.Richards was born in Barry, near Cardiff,in 1914, and educated at UniversityCollege of Wales, Aberystwyth and at St.John's College, Cambridge. His professionalcareer started in 1938at the BristolAeroplane Company.From 1945to 1950Richards was ChiefAerodynamicist and Assistant Chief Designerunder Sir George Edwards at VickersArmstrong, Weybridge.Richards left the University ofSouthampton in 1967 to become the firstVice Chancellor of the newly-createdNoise Control Engineering of the USA,has been named a fellow of the AudioEngineering Society (ABS). Schwind isan acoustical consultant for Charles M.Salter Associates, an acoustical consultingfirm based in San Francisco, California,USA. He was honored by the AES..for significant contributions to architecturalacoustics andsoundsystem design.Professor Elfyn J. Richards1914. 1995Universityof Loughborough andchangedthe former Loughborough College ofTechnology into a respected universitybut still retained its function as a centerconcentrating on the application ofknowledge to the betterment of mankind.On leaving Loughborough in 1975he returnedto Southampton and continued hisresearch on sound and vibration.He received honorary degrees frommany universities, including Wales,Southampton, Loughborough and Heriot­Watt. He was a Fellow of the Royal AeronauticalSociety and an Honorary Fellowof the Institute of Acoustics. He wasawarded the Taylor Gold Medal of theRoyal Aeronautical Society, the JamesWatt Medal of the Institution of Civil Engineers,and the Silver Medalof the RoyalSociety of Arts. In 1980,he was made anhonorary memberof the Acoustical Societyof America.He primarily consults on architecturalacoustics and audio system design forfilm and broadcast studios, and for otherlistening spaces. His experience includesroom acoustics design, sound isolationthrough building elements, and reductionof noise in ventilating systems. He is agraduate of Purdue University in WestLafayette, Indiana, USA.......; ; ; ; ;.;.;:;.;.:.:.:.:.: :.:.:.:.:.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.; ; ; ;.;.;.;..,:.:... . .; , ;.; :...; ; ;.; ,.,.•...............:.: : .; , ';;.; :-:::.:::::;::;::;:;:;:;:;:;:;:;:::;:";"":':"':.,:::: .246 Noise/News International 1995 December

European NewsA. Cops, European EditorBELGIUMForum Acusticum to be held in Antwerp,1996 April 1-4. Forum Acusticum,the first Convention of the EuropeanAcoustics Association EAA-EEIG, willbe heldon thecampusofthe University ofAntwerp (UIA), Belgium. In order to ensureahighqualityconvention and a largenumberof participants, a numberofEAASocietieswill merge their national meetingsinto the European Convention. Oneof the main goals of this convention willbe to foster scientific and cultural exchanges,especially among the youngacousticians. EAAisinchargeof theoverallorganization. The convention will beorganizedlocallyby the BelgianAcousticalAssociation (ABAV) and the TechnologicalInstitute of the Royal FlemishSociety of Engineers (II K VIV). A totalof about400 papershas beenreceivedforpresentation at the convention.Amajorexhibitionwillbe heldin conjunctionwith the convention. All paperswill be included in the convention proceedings.The proceedings will be publishedas a special issue of Acta Acustica(to be combined with Acusticain 1996),and will be sent to the membersof EAA.The issue will also be available to delegatesat registration.ABAV Holds Annual Meeting. The annualmeeting of the Belgian AcousticalAssociation (ABAV) was held at theCSTB in Limelette on May 16, 1995. Ameeting of the Board of Directors washeld in the morning, preparing the GeneralAssembly which took place in theafternoon. At this meeting the presidentAndre Cops welcomedthe audience. TheSecretary-General Daniel Soubrier reportedabout the activities of the Societyduring the year 1994 and the TreasurerGerritVermeir gavethefinancialstatusofthe ABAV for the year 1994.The General Assembly was traditionallyfollowedbya sessionof freecommunicationswiththe following agenda:• The practicalapplicationof a ray tracingprogram in industrial noise control,by D. Pleeck and E. De Geest• Numerical simulation of the acousticalbehaviorof roomsusingRaynoise,by X.w. Meng, G. De Borger, and M.Van Ovenneire• Environmental noise: measurementand calculation, by H. Verhas• Application of the "wave envelope"method for the modeling of outdooracousticproblems,by J.P. Coyette• Application of active noisecontrol,byP. Sas• Sound propagation in industrial hallswith absorbing ceilings: simulationsand comparisons with measurementresults from scale model research P.Mees and G. Vermeir• Urban noise protection: Practical applicationofDIN 18005, by E. WetzelHUNGARY8th Seminar and Exhibition on NoiseControl. The 8thSeminarandExhibitionon Noise Control was held in Kecskemet(80 km from Budapest)on 1995 September20-22.The meetingwas organizedbythe Departmentof Noise Control of ScientificSocietyforOptics,Acoustics, MotionPictures and Theatre Technology.The objective of the conference, organizedevery third year, isto introduce the new Hungarian andinternational results in the field ofnoise control and vibration,• to allow for open discussions, and• to introduce the new materials, structuresand instruments for noise abatement.Therewereabout100Hungarian and20foreign participants at the Seminar. Thethreeplenary lectures werethefollowing:State-of-the-Art in the Development ofNew Measurement Techniques Used inBuilding Acoustics Research-SoundTransmission Loss Applications by Prof.A. Cops (Belgium)Experimental Modal Analysis in Acousticsby F.Augusztinovcz(Hungary)A Program for Promoting Knowledge ofthe Consequences of Potential HearingLoss by R. Guski (Germany).The 56 invited and contributedpapersdealtwiththe trafficnoiseproblems,withthe subjective judgments of noise, withactive and passive noise control, withcommunitynoiseregulation,and withthenoise of shooting-ranges.This year, the exhibition was unusuallylarge. On the stands of 22 exhibitorswere sound absorbing and sound isolationmaterials, structures, noise barriers,measuring equipments and softwareproducts were presented to show somepossibletools of noise control.POLANDReport on Noise Control '95. The XthInternational Noise Control Conferencewas held on 1995June 20-22 in the CentralInstitute for Labour Protection,Warsaw,Poland.The Conferencewas organizedby theAcousticsCommitteeof the PolishAcademyof Sciences, the Polish AcousticalSociety and the Central Institute for LabourProtection, with the cooperation ofthe Chair of Mechanics and Vibroacousticsof the Mining and MetallurgyAcademyand the Acoustics Section of theBuilding ResearchInstitute.The conference was attended by 159participants from Poland and 11 foreigncountries.The themeof NoiseControl95was:"Noiseasthe hazardofcivilization."There were 65 papers presented duringthe Conference. During the plenarysessions the following general paperswere presented:Problems of noise control in Poland onthe way of European integration (I.Malecki, Z. Engel, A. Lipowczan, J.Sadowski)Europeandirectivesand standardsfor vibroacousticprotection(D.Augustynska),Sound intensity: state-of-the-art in noisecontrol of buildings(A. Cops),Music and noise (A. Rakowski).An acoustical equipment and instrumentexhibition was held in conjunctionwith conference.1995 DecemberNoiselNews International247

Asia-Pacific NewsA. Lawrence, Asia-Pacific EditorVIPAC Investigates Low FrequencyNoise for ASHRAE. ASHRAE, theAmericanSocietyofHeating,Refrigeratingand Airconditioning Engineers, Inc.,has awarded a research contractto a teamled byDr.NormanBronerof Vipac Engineers&Scientists, Port Melbourne, Australiato investigate the impact oflow-frequency HVAC noiseonoccupantsof rooms, offices, and auditoria.Current building trends have resultedin an increasein the numberand severityof low-frequency noise problems at frequencies250 Hz and below. However,verylittleworkhas directlyaddressedthequestion of how people react to indoornoisein situations wherethe backgroundsoundis established by the noiselevel ofoperatingHVAC systems.ASHRAE data and the generaltechnicalliterature do not deal adequatelywiththe measurements, rating and evaluationof low frequency HVAC noise. Thewidelyused Noise Criterion (NC & NR)curves do not evaluate the potential forlow-frequency noise annoyance due torumblenortheacceptability ofotherlowfrequencynoise from HVAC equipment.Hence, there is an urgent need to detennineimproved descriptors for evaluationof low-frequency noise. Withoutthese descriptors, it will be very difficultto establish reliable low-frequency designcriteria and methods for the evaluationoflow-frequencysoundinoccupiedspaces.The research objectives were to generatea practical philosophy and proceduresfor the evaluation of theacceptability of low-frequency HVACsound and to provide the technical basisfor developmentoflow-frequency designcriteria for future publication inASHRAE handbooks.The ideal metric or assessmentmethod provides a measure of responsewhich has the least variabilityand greatestvalidity in terms of subjective response.However, the choice of a metricand/or assessment method needs to bebased not only on a consideration of therelationship between the metric and/orassessment methodand the subjective assessment(e.g.,annoyance) data, but alsoon practical aspects such as feasibilityand ease of practical implementation ininstrumentation.Also, before a choicecan be made forstandardization and incorporation intothe ASHRAE procedures, the metricand/orassessment methods proposedas aresult of completion of the current researchwill need to be tested against thesubjective reactionsto the noise samplescollectedas discussed below(thiswill bethe subjectof the Subjective Phase of theresearch).In 1993 two months were spent inNorthAmericatakingmorethan50 samplesofcurrentlow-frequency noiseproblemsin majorcities. Noisesamples werealso collected in Hong Kong and Melbourne.Typically, sources of intrusive lowfrequencynoiseresultfromeithersystemdesign errors or an aspect of productdesign:1. Systemdesignerrors:Pooraerodynamic HVAC ductdesigns.Just upstream and downstream of fans,the turbulent air flow buffets againstduct walls,whichact as low-frequencyloudspeakers.Low-frequency fan sound powerbreakingout of discharge ductworkinthe frequency range 16 Hz to 250 Hz.Operation of fans in rotatingstall.Thisoccurs about 2/3 of the shaft speed atfrequencies from 16 Hz to 63 Hz.Fan surge/fan stall/unstable airwaypath flow. This gives rise to additionaltime modulation of low frequencies.Noise at multiples of blade pass frequencyof propeller fans: occurs from63 Hz to 250 Hz.Noise radiated from fan-room returnairopenings.• Noise transmission through mechanicalequipmentroom partitions.2. Productdesignerrors:• Pulley imbalance, non-concentric ornon-parallel groove faces, variable D­sheave pulley. Problems arise aroundI x motor shaft speed and harmonics.• Fan imbalance.• Fan belts/fanbelt dynamics.• Air handling unit vibration producedby drive system.• Poor spring isolation and/or weakstructure.The objective phase completed,ASHRAE willbe awarding a furthercontractinvolvingsubjectivetestingtoverifythe optimum metric.Furtherdetailsof Vipac's involvementin the fieldoflow frequency HVAC noiseare available from Dr. Norman Broner,VipacEngineers & Scientists, 275 NormanbyRoad,PortMelbourne, 3207.Tel:+613647 9700 or FAX: +613 6464370.248NoiselNews International1995 December

BooksThe Handbook of Hearing and theEffects of NoiseKarl D. KryterAcademic Press, Inc., 525 B Street , SanDiego , CA 92101 , USA673 pp., hard cover, USD 79.95The subtitle of this book, Physiology,Psychology, and Public Health , is a good5-word description of the contents of thisbook. The text begin s with a 15-pagesummary of noise - definitions andmeasurement techniques. This chapter isfollowed by a review of the structures andfunctions of the ear and a summary ofauditory sensations and perceptions. Thelatter includes several properties of noisewhich affect sensations and perceptions.These include spectral and temporal factors,tonal characteristics, impulsivenoise, and background noise.Hearing loss from industrial noise andother topics relating to hearing loss is thencovered, and this information is followedby a chapter on the prediction of hearingloss, both temporary threshold shift andpermanent threshold shift.The emphasis then changes to thosefactors which affect speech intelligibility.The next chapter returns to physiologicaleffects ; the assessment of hearing handicapand damage risk from noise.Finally, there are three chapters relatedto the effects of noise, one on the effectsof noise on performance of tasks , a discussion- more than 100 pages - onnon-auditory effects of noise such assleep disturbance and health disorders,and a final chapter on community reactionsto environmental noise.Noise Control '95Zbigniew Engel, Adam Lipowczan, andJerzy Sadowski, EditorsCentral Institute for Labour Protection,Warsaw, Poland477pp. , soft cover, PLZ 43.00This volume is the proceedings of the 10thInternational Conference on Noise Controlwhich was held in Warsaw,Poland on 1995June 20-22. This proceedings book containsfive plenary session papers, all in English,on the following topics:1995 December• Problems of noise control in Poland onthe way to European integration• European directives and standards forvibroacoustic protectionSound intensity: state-of-the-art innoise control of buildings• Activ e control or passive control?• Music and noiseThere are also 56 invited and contributedpapers in the book, 50 in English and6 in Polish. The papers are divided intothe following five categories:• Fundamental problems• Industrial noise• Environmental noise• Measurements and analysis• Active methodsThe conference was organized by theAcoustics Committee ofthe Polish Academyof Sciences, the Polish AcousticsSociety, and the Central Institute for LabourProtection with the cooperation ofthe Chair of Mechanics and Vibroacousticsof the Mining and Metallurgy Acadamyand the Acoustics Section of theBuilding Research Institute.Proceedings of the 15th InternationalCongress on AcousticsICA 95 Committee, N-7034 Trondheim,Norway2400 pp. in 4 volumes, soft cover, NOK1500 plus surface or air postage (NOK165 or 200 in Europe, NOK 205 or 365outside Europe)The Proceedings of the 15th ICA, held inTrondheim, Norway at the end of 1995June, consists of nearly 600 papers on allaspects of acoustics. The technic al programof the Congress had four types ofsessions, all of which are covered in theproceedings: plenary sessions, specialstructured sessions, sessions for contributedpapers, and poster sessions. Distinguishedlectures were given by P.V. Briieland J.L. Flanagan. Plenary papers andstructured sessions covered the followingareas: aeroacoustics, architectural andbuilding acoustics, atmospheric sound,bioacoustics, computational acoustics,geoacoustics, infrasound, medical acoustics,musical acoustics, noise, quantumNoiselNews Internationaland physical effects, physical acoustics,physiological and psychological acoustics,speech, transduction, underwateracoustics, ultrasonics, audio, and educationin acoustics.Sourcebook on Noise ControlL. Gooday, M. Scanlon and 1.Devine, Eds.Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 1Birdcage Walk, London SWIH 911, UK.v + 245 pp, soft cover, 1994, GBP 32.00This is the 9th sourcebook to be publishedby the Institution of Mechanical Engineers.A sourcebook contains a selectionof relevant sources of information in aspecialized field and is intended to providea ready means by which the readersmay find sources of information and theorganizations to assist them. This sourcebookis divided into two main sections.The first section (Noise Control Information)comprises the first half of thesourcebook.It lists abstracting and indexingservices and publications, importantbooks dealing with noise control, companiesand consultancies, universitycourses, short courses, research institutions,European noise directives, journals,online data bases, professionalorganizations, reports, software programsand standards. Information concerningsources in the United Kingdom isquite complete, but coverage for the restof the world is largely lacking.The second section (Noise ControlReferences) includes the abstracts of 402papers on noise control that have beenpublished during the last decade in theworld 's technical literature. The abstractscover a number of different topics, includingactive noi se control, aircraft,autos, construction industry, handtools,industrial plants, and others. It is difficultto cover such a wide range of subjectswith only a few hundred references, butthe uninitiated reader is at least given aplace to start in the quest for information.The sourcebook contains a largeamount of useful information assembledfrom the viewpoint of a noise controlengineer practicing in the UnitedKingdom.249

Product NewsAerodynamic Acoustic Louvers areUsed to Reduce Ventilation Noise. Type'R' Noishield® Acoustic Louvers manufacturedby Industrial Acoustics Company(lAC) of New York,have been usedto control ventilation plant noise at abrand new office building in York, England.The louvers have been incorporatedin the building's walls to combat noiseemissions from air conditioning intakesand exhausts. The narrow, curved, aerodynamicshape of each louver blade helpsto maximize airflow through the louveritself, while sound energy is absorbedthrough minute perforations in the undersideof the blades.Several of the larger sets of louvers incorporatesingle and double-leaflouver accessdoors, the blades of which line upprecisely with those of adjacent louvermodules to maintain a neat overall appearance.All of the louvers have a gray mattpolyesterpowdercoatfinishwhichcomplimentsthe building's attractive red andcream brick/stonework and is said to beboth hardwearing and easy to maintain.lAC manufactured and installed thelouvers in just eight weeks to complywith the building's fast-track constructionprogram.Although the company makes severaldifferent types of acoustic louvers, itsNoishield design is visually the softestwith its smooth, rounded, aerodynamicblades. lAC says that it detects an increasingpreference among specifiers for agentler, more natural look to louversrather than the hard-edged, linear designsused widely for office buildings in the 80sand early 90s.In addition to being used to combatventilation intake/extract noise, lAC saysthat Noishield Louvers have also beenused to create noise/weather screens (forcooling towers) and complete acousticenclosures for mechanical servicesplants.Full details of the Noishield Louverrange - including laboratory test date ­can be found in an eight-page color brochureavailable from the company. ContactJohn M. Handley, IndustrialAcoustics Company, 1160 CommerceAvenue, Bronx, NY 10462. Telephone:+1 7189318000; Fax: +1 7188631138.Circle Reader Service Number 50.Rank Xerox Chooses Metadyne"Anechoic Room to Test and DevelopQuieter Business Machines. RankXerox has installed a new anechoic roomin which the company is able to carry outengineering and precision grade noiseemission measurements on its products.The room, built by Industrial AcousticsCompany (lAC), is the largest of its typein Britain and is among the first to beconstructed using a new type of soundabsorbing anechoic wedge. Unlike conventionalwedges made of fiberglass orfoam, the new Metadyne wedge has perforatedmetal surfaces which are washable,paintable and highly resistant todamage and fire. In the room, all of thewedges on the walls and ceiling have awhite laminate finish which has the addedadvantage of giving the room a light,clean, and spacious feel.The new hemi-anechoic room is beingused by Rank Xerox to test completeoffice machines in accordance with variousInternational Standards, includingECMA 74, ISO 3744, and ISO 7779. Itallows the company to evaluate noise levelsfrom components, assemblies, and accessoriesthrough each stage of productdevelopment. The room is qualified soXerox can determine accurate soundpower levels of products in order to showcompliance with requirements for businessmachine noise emissions.The room has a working volume of200m 3 and is of double-wall construction- the inner structure being fully isolated.It forms part of the new Xerox TechnicalCenter in Welwyn Garden City (Hertfordshire,U.K.). The new building, constructedfrom lAC modular steel acousticpanels, also houses a control room, storeroomand entrance lobby.Details of the service lAC provides inthe design and construction of anechoictest rooms - using both Metadyne andconventional wedge systems - can befound in a 20-page brochure availablefrom lAC. Contact Robert J. Buelow, IndustrialAcoustics Company, 1160 CommerceAvenue, Bronx, NY 10462.Telephone: +1 718 931 8000; FAX: +1718 863 1138. Circle Reader ServiceNumber Sl.Digital Integrating Sound Level MeterFrom Cirrus. Cirrus Research has developeda new survey sound level meter. Itsprimary application is in the measurementof noise levels as required by theNoise at Work Regulations, but it has hadits range extended down to an A­weighted level of 32dB to allow it tocover the lower levels that so often causeproblems in the outside environment.Fully complying with British and InternationalStandards, the CR:272 will be ofuse to both Safety and Environmentalcontrol professionals.The CR:272 is a dual channel instrumentand can make the peak actionleveland secondactionlevelmeasurements atthe same time and thus reduce operatortime. Both the normal sound level as wellas the equivalent A-weighted level can bemeasured on the display and the CR:272has a sufficiently wide range to allowfactory boundary or office measurementsto be made with the same unit.The CR:272 is available alone, orcomplete in kit form, which also includesa sound level calibrator and windshield ina compact carrying case. For further informationcontact James Tingay, CirrusResearch plc, Acoustic House, Hunmanby,North Yorkshire YOl4 OPR,United Kingdom. Telephone: +44 1723891655; FAX: +441723891742. CircleReader Service Number 52.New Catalog Features PrecisionAcoustical Instrumentation. Scantek,Inc. has released a new short-form catalogfrom Norsonic. The pocket-sizedtwo-color brochure features the company'smany sound and vibration analyzers,noise generators, sound sources,DAT-Recorders, calibrators, and buildingacoustics instruments.250NoiselNews International1995December

For further information contact DebraMeyers, Scantek, Inc., 916 Gist Avenue,Silver Spring, Maryland 20910. Telephone:+1 301 4957738; FAX: +1 301495 7739. Circle Reader ServiceNumber 53.Low Frequency 799 Series AccelerometersFeature 50% FasterShock RecoveryTime. Wilcoxon Research, Inc.,has announced the addition of a newproduct seriesfor predictivemaintenancemonitoring and control. The new productseries, the 799LF and 799M are highsensitivity, low noise accelerometerswhich arc said to provide clear and precisemeasurements at very low vibrationlevels. The 799 series is designed for usewith slow rotating and reciprocating machineryand are said to be ideal for use inwalkaround data collection and stationarymonitoring systems.Encased in a hermeticallysealed 316Lstainless steel housing, the 799 series incorporatesa three pole low pass filter toeliminate high frequency interference.The design is also enhanced by a shearmode construction and electromagneticradiation shieldingfor reducedsensitivityto thermal transients and use near highelectromagnetic field equipment.The 799LF model provides standardized500mV/gsensitivity andthe799Mprovides 1000 mY/g. The series featuresaccurate measurements within three secondsofturn-on andwhatis saidtobea50%faster shock recovery time over standardlow frequency accelerometers.Wilcoxon's Splash Proof plug cables,QuickLINK® and SF6 series mountingstudsare just a fewof theaccessories availableto enhancethe capabilities of the 799series. All components are fully integratedand manufactured for reliableoperation inextremeindustrial environments.Wilcoxon Research manufactures awide range of vibration instrumentationequipment, specializing in internally amplifiedpiezoelectric accelerometers. Forover 30 years, Wilcoxon Research hascontinued to make significant contributionsto the vibration monitoring fieldwith a commitment to innovative design,high quality and service. For more informationcontact Lynn Lyons, MarketingAssistant, Wilcoxon Research, 21Firstfield Road , Gaithersburg, MD20878. Telephone: +1 301 330 8811;FAX: +1 301 330 8873. Circle ReaderService Number 54.General Purpose ICP® Quartz ForceSensors. PCB Piezotronics Inc. introducesthe Series 208 general purposequartz piezoelectric force sensors whichenable dynamic compression and tensionmonitoring, all in one sensor. Series 208measures compressionfrom a fraction ofa pound to 5000 pounds (2,224 kN), andtension to 500 pounds (2,224 kN). Compacthousing dimensionsare 0.625 inches(16 mm) in diameter and height.Piezoelectric force sensors have the capabilitytomeasure smallforcechanges ontopof highstaticloads. Exceptional linearity'high-frequency response, microsecondrise time, repeatability and the stability ofquartzmaketheseideal sensors for laboratory,field, structural test, or educationalapplications. Models with built-in ICP®circuitry thatprovidea 5V, low impedancevoltage output signal, or conventionalcharge output models are also available.Rugged, solid state construction ensuresalong sensor life. Radial or axialconnectorversions are available.For additional information, contactPCB's applications engineering group,PCB Piezotronics, Inc., Attn: AndreaMohn, 3425WaldenAvenue,Depew,NY14043. Telephone: +1 716 684 0001,FAX: +1 7166840987. Circle ReaderService Number 55.Coherentand Noise Cancellation TechnologiesJoin to Cancel Network Noise.Coherent CommunicationsSystems Corporationof Leesburg, Virginia, has announcedan agreement with NoiseCancellation Technologies, Inc., to providenoise cancellation in telecommunicationsnetworks. Under the terms of thecontract, Coherent will be offering NCTtechnology under license in conjunctionwith its proven range of voice enhancement,echo cancellation, and audioconferencingproducts. The two companieswill also be working together to createnew noisecancellation productsdesignedto stand On their own for future networkapplications. Circle Reader ServiceNumber 56.I•Do your work faster and moreaccurately with RTA's proven acousticalsoftware.Environmental Noise Model(ENM) is world-class. Now, the newWINDOWS version is even moreso.Individually defined noisesources,ground effects, topography, wind andtemperature gradients, and barriers areall input on spreadsheets. Predictionsinclude contour maps and rankordering of noisesources.Also available are dBbox for fastcomputing in acoustics, including STC,TL and IIC. And dB ray for modelingacoustical paths in rooms. Alloperate on IBM compatibles.Betime- and value-conscious.Call today.SCANTEK INC.916 GistAvenueSilver Spring, MD 20910Tel: (301) 495-n38 • FAX·n39Reader Service Number 7Sound and VibrationFOR RENTOR LEASEInstrumentationTo help you meet today's capitalspendingconstraints, we will work withyou onwhatever ittakes-Rental, Leaseor Lease Purchase - to get you theequipment you need.From single instruments to cornpletesystems,weofferOutdoor NoiseMonitors, SLMs, FFTs, Dosimeters,RTAs, Tapping Machines, ReferenceSound Sources, OAT Recorders, Multiplexers,Human-BodyVibration Analyzers,Level Recorders, Microphones,Calibrators, and more.Ourrental and lease plansare flexibleenough to meet your needs. Ourrates are reasonable. And you still getourexpert engineering assistance-evenpaid on-site personnel are available.Strike a deal with us. And get onwith your job.Call today.SCANTIK INC.916 GistAvenueSilver Spring, MD 20910Tel: (301) 495·n38 • FAXn39Reader Service Number 10

INCE UpdateThe Boards of Directors of International INCE andINCE/USA welcome the opportunity afforded by this departmentof NNI to bring readers up to date on the activitiesof the two organizations. Published here are reports onactions taken and planned by the two Boards, activities ofcommittees, summaries of discussions and decisions ofgeneral interest, etc. Announcements and reports of themajor conferences ofl-INCE and INCEIUSA will be foundin other NNI departments. It is the intent of this departmentto keep the reader informed of what's going on within thetwo organizations that jointly share the responsibility forthe publication of Noise/News lnternational.International INeEI-INCE PRESIDENT'S ANNUAL REPORT TO THEMEMBER SOCIETIESThe President submits the following year-end report to theMember Societies of International INCE. This brief reportsummarizes the activities of International INCE during 1995,and includes a calendar of I-INCE events that are scheduled totake place in 1996.HIGHLIGHT. The highlight of the year was INTER-NOISE95 which was held in Newport Beach. California, USA duringthe period July 10-12. The 24th INTER-NOISE Congress wasorganized by the Institute of Noise Control Engineering of theUSA. The theme of the congress was Applications for NoiseControl. The congress immediately followed ACTIVE 95, anI-INCE Symposium on Active Control of Sound and Vibration.MEMBERSHIP. At year-end, the membership oflnternationalINCE was made up of 38 Member Societies (35 participatingand 3 observers), 8 Institutional Members and 6 SustainingMembers.BOARD MEETING. The 1995 meeting of the I-INCE Boardof Directors was held in Newport Beach, California, USA on1995 July 08. The Board accepted the invitation of the NewZealand Acoustical Society to host INTER-NOISE 98 in Christchurch,New Zealand in mid-November of 1998.COMPOSITION OF THE BOARD. At the end of 1994, Dr.Jean Mattei completed his six-year term representing INTER­NOISE 88. He was succeeded by Dr. Masaru Koyasu as therepresentative on the Board of INTER-NOISE 94. Professor T.Sone was appointed as Dr. Koyasu's designated alternate. ProfessorHenry Myncke completed his service on the Board asDirector-at-Large at the end of 1995. At the meeting of theBoard of Directors in Newport Beach on 1995 July 08, Dr.William W.Lang and Dr. Per V. Brtiel were re-elected to 4-yearterms as President and Director-at-Large respectively.GENERAL ASSEMBLY. The annual meeting of the T-TNCEGeneral Assembly was held in Newport Beach, California, USAon 1995 July 10, with repre sentatives of 18 Member Societiesparticipating. The minutes of the meeting were published in the1995 September issue of this magazine on pages 191-193.I-lNCE WORKING PARTIES. Reports of the four WorkingParties active during 1995 were published in the 1995 Septemberissue of this magazine on pages 190-191. Two new WorkingParties will be organized in 1996.NEWS MAGAZINE. Four issues of this news magazine,Noise/News International, were published during 1995. Two ofthe four President '.I' Columns appearing during 1995 were preparedby the President:Vol. 3, No.1: "How Do We Measure Progress in NoiseControl?"Vol. 3, No.3: "Three Unanswerable Questions!"FINANCES. The I-INCE financial report for the year ending1994-12-31 was published in the 1995 June issue of this magazineon page 140.PRESIDENT'S TRAVEL. During 1995, the President continuedto travel in support of International INCE and its MemberSocieties:March: New Zealand - confer with Member Society.July: Califoroia, USA - Board and General Assembly meetings.November: Sweden - confer with I-INCE Director.1996 l·INCE CALENDAR OF EVENTS. The followingevents are planned for 1996:July 29: Meeting of the Board of Directors, Liverpool, UK.July 30-August 02: INTER-NOISE 96, the 25th InternationalCongress on Noise Control Engineering, Liverpool, UK.August 02: Meeting of the General Assembly, Liverpool,UK.In concluding this brief report, the President expresses hisappreciation to the delegates and working party members presentfor INTER-NOISE 95 and to the I-INCE Member Societiesfor their continuing support of the activities of InternationalINCE, and looks forward to greeting as many delegates aspossible at INTER-NOISE 96 in Liverpool next July.William l¥. LangI-INCE President252 NoiseINews International 1995 December

Specialized MeetingsThis calendar includes specialized meetings (seminars, short courses, workshops,etc) with limited attendance which feature programs on noise and itscontrol. Entries for this calendar are solicited from the I-INCE Member Societiesand other organizations. In order for a listing to appear in this calendar, informationmust be provided by the organizers of a specialized meeting on the sessionsplanned for the technical program that will be devoted to noise and its control.This is particularly important if the word noise does not appear in the name ortheme of the meeting. The registration fee for the event is also to be included foreach listing. Send requests for listings of future events with required details to:Specialized Meetings Calendar, INCE/USA, P.O. Box 3206 Arlington Branch,Poughkeepsie, NY 12603, USA. FAX: + 1 9 14 4739325.tion Division, 250 Shagbark Drive, R.D.#1 , Cheswick, PA 15024, USA. Telephone:+1 4122654444; FAX: +1 4123679233.1996 March 18-22Mechanical Vibrations Course, Somerset,Pennsylvania, USA. Fee: USD 1,425.Principal Instructor: W.R. Thornton.Contact: AVNC Continuing EducationDivision, 250 Shagbark Drive, R.D. #1,Cheswick, PA 15024, USA. Telephone:+14122654444; FAX: +14123679233.1996 January 09-11Introduction to Mechanical VibrationMeasurement Course, Southampton, UK.Contact: A. Barrett, ISVR ConferenceSecretary, University of Southampton,Southampton S017 1BJ, UK. Telephone:+44 1703 592310; FAX: +44 1703593033.1996 January 23-25Outdoor Noise Propagation - Measurement,Modeling and Evaluation Course ,Fullerton, California, USA. Fee: USD1200. Instructors: J. Steedman, H.Forschner and M. Richardson. Contact:Navcon Engineering Network, 701 W.Las Palmas Dr., Fullerton, CA 92635,USA. Telephone: + I 714441 3488.1996 February 20-23Machinery Vibration Analysis Course ,Tempe, Arizona, USA. Fee: USD 850. :Contact: The Vibration Institute, 6262 S.Kingery Highway - Suite 212, Willowbrook,IL 60514, USA. Telephone: + 1708 6542254; FAX: +1 708 6542271 .1996 March 18-22Hearing Conservation and Noise Course,Somerset, Pennsylvania, USA. Fee: USD1,425. Principal Instructor: W.R. Thornton.Contact: AVNC Continuing Educa-1996 April 16-18Acoustic Intensity Course, Fullerton,California, USA. Fee: USD 1200. Instructors:J. Steedman, H. Forschner andM. Richardson . Contact: Navcon EngineeringNetwork , 701 W. Las Palmas Dr.,Fullerton, CA 92635, USA. Telephone:+17144413488.1996 September 18·20Noise and Vibration Engineering Course,Leuven, Belgium. Contact: 1. Notre, KULeuven-PMA, Celestijnenlaan 300B,3001 Leuven, Belgium. FAX: +3216322987; E-mail: jan.thoen@fys.kuleuven.ac.be.Future INTER-NOISE Congresses• INTER-NOISE 96- Liverpool, United Kingdom. SeetheAnnouncement andCall for Papers on page 115of the 1995 June issue of this magazine.• INTER-NOISE 97 - Budapest, Hungary, 1997 August 25-27. The Congresswillbeorganized bythe Acoustical Commission ofthe Hungarian Academyof Sciences and the Hungarian Scientific Society for Optics, Acoustics,Motion Picture, and TheaterTechnology.• INTER-NOISE 98- Christchurch, NewZealand, 1998 November 16·18.TheCongress will be organized by the New Zealand Acoustical Society.1995 December Noise/News International 253

The INTER-NOISE 95 Proceedings are Available;N";EFI:NOISE 95The 1995InternallOllal Cong..$5on INoise control Engineer ngVOW"" IINTER-NOISE 95, the 1995 International Congress on Noise Control Engineering,washeldinNewport Beach, California on 1995 July 10-12. Morethan 700engineersattended the three-day Congress which had as its theme Applications of NoiseControl Engineering. The emphasis wason applications, practical techniques for thecontrol of noise in many different areas, including surface and air transportation,noise control in the community, noise control in the design stage of machinery, andstandards andregulations for noise control.Three Distinguished Lecturers addressed the theme of the Congress. Dr. MasaruKoyasu of the Acoustical Engineering Laboratory in Japan gave a comprehensiveaccount of applications of noise control engineering in Japan. He described .thehistory of noise legislation inJapanandthen covered a number of key areas in whichnoise control engineering has been applied. These include transportation noise(including road, rail and air transportation), construction equipment noise, noise~: inside buildings, and machinery noise control. Professor Jiri Tichy of ThePennsylvania State University presented the second. His lecture, "Applications foractive control of sound andvibration," was a combination of past applications foractive control and a summary of the main results presented at the ACTIVE 95Symposium which immediately preceded INTER-NOISE 95.The third plenary lecture was presented by Robert D. Bruce of Collaboration inScience and Technology, Inc. in Houston, Texas, USA. He discussed the progress thathas been made in control of noise inthe workplace since the 1930s. He reviewed the relationship between noise and hearing loss, the use of hearing protection,the role of measurements and their importance in theprogress which has been made, and gave examples of noise control inthe workplace.In addition to thethree distinguished lectures, fifty technical sessions were held during thecongress. Three hundredand twenty four papers were presented at the meeting and appear in the Congress Proceedings.The two-volume set of INTER-NOISE 95 Congress Proceedings contains more than 1500 pages, is now availableto those who were unable to attend the Congress. The Proceedings of INTER-NOISE 95 will be of interest to engineers inindustry, consultants, researchers, and all individuals concerned with community noise control, noise control in industry, airandsurface transportation noisecontrol, andanalytical methods forthesolution ofnoise control problems. Withthenewlargesize format (210mmx 276 mm), the papers contain more technical information per page than has been possible at previousINTER-NOISE Congresses.ORDER FORMEnclosed is my check for US$ . Please send me__ copies of the two-volume set of INTER-NOISE 95Proceedings at US$ 150for the set of two volumes. Vol. 1, xxxii + pages 1-716, Vol2, xxiv + pages 717-1448. ISBN 0­931784-32-8 (Set of 2 volumes). Soldonly as a set of two volumes. Shipped postpaid except for overseas orders shippedby air.SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR OVERSEAS ORDERS. Payment must be made in U.S. funds, either through a U.S.bank or through a bank which has a correspondent relationship in the United States. Overseas orders must add an extraUS$ 55 if shipment overseas is to be by air mail.NameAddress__City Postal code StatelCountry _Please make checks payable to Noise Control Foundation and mail to:Noise Control Foundation, P.O. Box 2469 Arlington Branch, Poughkeepsie, NY 12603, USA.

Standards News (USA)*Avril Brenig, Standards ManagerASA Standards Secretariat, Acoustical Society of America,120Wall Street, New York, NY 10005-3993. (Telephone: + I2122480373; FAX: +1 2122480146)George S.K. WongAcoustical Standards Group, Institute for National Standards,National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario KIA OR6,Canada. (Telephone: +1 6139936159; FAX: +1 6139908765)American National Standards (ANSI Standards) developedby Accredited Standards Committees SI, S2. S3. and SI2 inthe areas of acoustics, mechanical vibration and shock,bioacoustics. and noise. respectively. are published by theAcoustical Society ofAmerica (ASA) through the AmericanInstitute ofPhysics (AlP). In addition to these standards, aCatalog ofAcoustical Standards -ASA Catalog 12-1994 isavailable. For a copy, contact Avril Brenig.Comments on all material in Standards News are welcome.Standards News from the United StatesUS Delegations attend international standards meetingsUnited States delegations attended standards meetings of theInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO), InternationalElectrotechnical Commis sion (lEe), and the OrganizationInternationale de Metrologie Legale (OIML) , in London,England, on 1994 November 12-25. Details of the meetings aregiven under Standards News from Abroad. The names of thedelegates were:For the IEC/TC 29 Electroacoustics meetings, VictorNedzelnitsky (NIST) was the Head of the delegation whichincluded Jeremy Agnew (Starkey Laboratories), Rufus Grason(Lucas-GSI), Robert Krug (Cirrus Research Inc.), TheodoreKuemmel (Quest Electronics), and Alan Marsh (DyTec EngineeringInc.).For the ISOrrC43/SCI Noise meetings and the Plenarymeeting of ISO/TC43 Acoustics, Paul D. Schomer (US Army)was the Head of the delegation which included Stanley Fisher(David Taylor Research Center) ; Paul Graham (Federal SignalCorp.), Arnold G. Konheim (Dept. of Transportation, Office ofthe Secretary, Washington), Richard F. Schumacher (GeneralMotors Proving Ground), Jiri Tichy (Pennsylvania State University),and Laura Wilber (Northwestern University).• This is an edited version of the Standards News department published in the Journal ofthe Acoustical Society of America. Reprinted by permission. The full text appears in theJournal of the Aco ustical Society of America. 97(3). 2008-2010. 1995 March.-Ed.Victor Nedzelnitsky (NIST) and Rufus Grason (Lucas-GSI)represented the United States during the meeting ofOIML/TC 13 Measuring Instruments for Acoustics and Vibration.The above delegates were financially sponsored by theiremployers and/or by personal contributions.Newly published American National StandardsACOUSTICSANSI SI.1-1994, Acoustical TerminologyStandards News from AbroadMeetings of International Standards OrganizationsThe following International Standards Organizations and theirWorking Groups met in London, England, on 1994 November12-24:International Organization for Standardization (ISO)ISO/TC43 Acoustics: WG I, Threshold of Hearing; WG3, Techniquesfor Audiometry; WG6, Noise Immissions from SoundSources, and ISOrrC43/SCI Noise: WG17, Methods of Measuringof Sound Attenuation of Hearing Protectors; WG24,Sound Propagation Outdoors ; WG25, Measurement of SoundIntensity; WG26, Isolated Burst of Sound Energy Emitted byMachinery and Equipment; WG28, Sound Power Levels ofNoise Sources; WG3 I, Measurement ofthe Transfer Propertiesof Resilient Elements; WG32, Insertion Loss of Noise Barriers;WG38 , Procedure for Measuring Sound Absorption Propertiesof Road Surfaces; WG41, Determination of Sound EmissionQuantities for Stationary Sirens; WG42, Measurement of Noiseemitted (by Accelerating Road Vehicles Engineering Method;WG43 , Procedure for Describing Aircraft Noise WG44 Heardon the Ground ; WG44 , Noise Control by Silencers; WG45,Description and Measurement of Environmental Noise-Part2: Acquisition of Data Pertinent to Land Use; and JointWG13/SC 77B/WG 7, Electromagnetic Compatibility.International Electrotechnical Commi ssion (lEe) IEC/TC29Electroacoustics: WG4, Sound Level Meters ; WG5, Calibrationof Standard Condenser Microphones; WG8, Specificationsfor 8 Microphones; WG9, Octave-band and Fractional-octavebandFilters; WG 10, Audiometers; WG 13, Hearing Aids;WG 15, Electro-acoustical Measuring Equipment for AircraftNoise Certification; WG 16, Digital Control of Hearing AidParameters; WG 17, Sound Calibrators; ISOIIEC joint WG I,Equipment and Procedures for the Measurement of Real-earCharacteristics of Hearing Aids; and an information meeting onEMC.Organization Internationale de Metrologie Legale (OIML)OIMLrrC13, Measuring Instruments for Acoustics and Vibration,and its working groups, met with representatives from1995 December NoiselNews International 255

thirteen countries, including the USA. A new Working Groupwas formed: TC131WG3, Filters, with G. Wong (Canada) as theConvener. In general, OIML standards deal with (a) PatternEvaluation (Type-testing) and (b) Periodic Verification (Calibration).Newly published ISO and IEC Standards and TechnicalReportsThis section lists new and revised standards and technicalreports recently approved and promulgated by ISO and IEe.These documents together with a catalog listing several thousandcurrent ISO and IEC standards are available from ANSI.IEC StandardsENVIRONMENTAL TESTING (TC 50)IEC 50(801): 1994, International E1ectrotechnical Vocabulary-Chapter801: Acoustics and electroacoustics.ELECTROACOUSTICS (TC 29)IEC 6453: 1994-09, Audiometers Part 3: Auditory test signalsof short duration for audiometric and neuro-otological purposes.IEC 6454: 1994-09, Audiometers Part 4: Equipment for extendedhigh-frequency audiometry.ISO and IEC Draft International StandardsThis section lists proposed standards that the International Organizationfor Standardization (ISO) and the International ElcctrotechnicalCommission (lEC) are considering for approval.The proposals have received substantial support within thetechnical committees or subcommittees that developed themand are now being circulated to ISO and lEC members forcomment and vote. The final dates for offering comments, listedin parentheses, are for information only. Copies of these documentsare available from ANSI.PHOTOGRAPHY (TC 42)ISO 6395: 1988/DAM 1, Acoustics-Measurement of exteriornoise emitted by earth-moving machinery-Dynamictest-Amendment 1 (1995 January 29).ACOUSTICS (TC 43)ISO 354: 1985/DAM 1, Acoustics-Measurement of soundabsorption in a reverberation room-Amendment 1: AnnexD-Test specimen mounting for sound absorption tests (1995January 15).ISOIDIS 11654, Acoustics-Sound absorbers for use in buildings-Ratingof sound absorption (1995 January 15).MECHANICAL VIBRATION AND SHOCK (TC 108)ISOIDIS 8569, Mechanical vibration and shock-Measurementand evaluation of shock and vibration effects on sensitive equipmentin buildings (revision ofISO 8569: 1989) (1995 January01).ISO/DIS 102271, Human/human surrogate impact (singleshock) testing and evaluation Part 1: Guidance on technicalaspects (1995 January 01).ISO/DIS 10055, Mechanical vibration-Vibration testing requirementsfor shipboard equipment and machinery components(1995 January 08).International documents submitted to the U.S. for voteand/or commentSome of the documents processed recently by the ASA StandardsSecretariat. Dates in parentheses are deadlines for submissionof comments and recommendation for vote, and they arefor information only.TAGS12TAGSIISO DocumentsFirst ISO/CD 10846-I-Acoustics-Laboratorymeasurement of the vibroacoustic transfer propertiesof resilient elements. Part 1: Principles and guide.(1994 September 29)First ISO/CD 10846-2-Acoustics-Laboratorymeasurement of the vibroacoustic transfer propertiesof resilient elements. Part 2: Dynamic stiffness ofelastic supports for translatory motion-Directmethod. (1994 September 29)IEC Documents29(Central Office) 216:Electroacoustics-Instruments for measurement ofaircraft noise-Performance requirements forsystems to measure one-third-octave-band soundpressure levels in noise certification oftransport-category aeroplanes (Negative).29(Secretariat)279: Draft IEC 1094-3: Measurementmicrophones. Part 3: Primary method for free-fieldcalibration of laboratory standard microphones byreciprocity technique (Negative).The INTER-NOISE 95 Proceedings are AvailableSee the announcement on page 254 ofthis issue256Noise/News International1995 December

Standards News (USA)*Avril Brenig, Standards ManagerASA Standards Secretariat, Acoustical Society of America,120WallStreet, New York, NY 10005-3993. (Telephone: + I2122480373; FAX: +12122480146)George S.K. WongAcoustical Standards Group, Institute for National Standards,National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario KI A OR6,Canada. (Telephone: +1 6139936159; FAX: + 1 613 9908765)American National Standards (ANSI Standards) developedby Accredited Standards Committ ees S I, S2, S3, and SI2 inthe areas of acoustics, mechanical vibration and shock,bioacoustics, and noise, respectively, are published by theAcoustical Society ofAmerica (ASA) through the AmericanInstitute of Physics (AlP) . In addition to these standards, aCatalog ofAcoustical Standards - ASA Catalog 12-1994 isavailable. For a copy, contact Avril Brenig.Comments on all material in Standards News are welcome.Standards News from the United StatesCall for comment on American National StandardsThis section lists proposed American National Standards thatsolicit public comments and review. The final dates for offeringcomments, listed in parentheses, are for information only. Copiesof these documents are available from ANSI.ACOUSTICSBSR S1.26, Method for Calculation of the Absorption of Soundby the Atmosphere revision of ANSI S 1.26-1978(R 1989) (1994December 27).Specifies an analytical method to calculate the attenuation ofsound as a result of atmospheric absorption for a variety ofmeteorological conditions when the sound from any moderateamplitudesource propagates through the atmosphere.BSR S3.2, Method for Measuring the Intelligibility of Speechover Communication Systems (reaffirmation of ANSI S3.2­1989) (1995 January 10)Provides three alternative sets of lists of English words to bespoken by trained talkers over the speech communication systemto be evaluated. Specifies test materials that have beenthoroughly validated. Also specifies methods for selecting andtraining the talkers and listeners; for designing, controlling, andreporting the test conditions; and for analyzing and reportingthe test results.BSR S3.25-1989, Occluded Ear Simulator (reaffirmation ofANSI S3.25-1989) (1995 January 10)Specifies physical configuration and acoustical performance ofan occluded ear simulator. Specific physical realizations of theear simulator are described.BIOACOUSTICSBSR S3.7, Method for Coupler Calibration of Earphones revisionof ANSI S3.7-1973 (R1986) (1995 January 24)Specifies the physical configuration and acoustical performanceof couplers for calibration of supra-aural land insert earphones,describes a family of 6.0 crrr' and 2.0 cm 3 couplers, andprovides information 011 the methods for coupler calibration ofthe respective supra-aural and insert earphones.BSR S12.17, Impulse Sound Propagation for EnvironmentalNoise Assessment (new standard)Establishes an engineering method to specify average propagationfor a distribution of blast noise events for purposes ofenvironmental noise assessment. The methods should apply tohigh-energy impulse sounds at moderate distances (1-30 Ian)from sources such as demolition or mining blasting, artilleryfiring, and bomb explosions using conventional explosives ofless than approximately one ton. Prevailing meteorologicalconditions and terrain should be considered when practicable.This standard was listed for public comment in the 1992 August21 issue of Standards Action. It is being resubmitted owing tosubstantive changes in the text.BSR S12.42, Miniature Microphone-in-Real-Ear and AcousticTest Fixture-Methods for the measurement of Insertion Lossof Hearing Protection Devices (new standard) (1995 January24).Describes two methods for the laboratory measurement of theinsertion loss of any hearing protection device that encloses theears and makes circular contact with the head, such as earmuffs,helmets, and communications headsets. One method uses miniaturemicrophones-in-real-ears (MIRE) of human subjects andthe other uses an acoustic test fixture (ATF), sometimes calleddummy head of artificial head, to determine insertion loss. Thestandard contains information on instrumentation, calibration,and electroacoustic requirements. Procedures are provided forfitting ear-mounted microphones and hearing protection devicesto measure sound pressure levels at the ear, and methodsfor reporting the calculated insertion loss values.Standards News from Abroad• This is an edited version of the Standards News departmen t published in the Journal ofthe Acoustical Society ofAmerica. Reprinted by permission. The full text appears in theJournal ofthe Acoustical Society a/A merica, 97(5), 3209-32/2, /995 May.-Ed.(Partially derived from ANSI Reporter and ANSI StandardsAction, with appreciation)1995 December NoiselNews International 257

Newly published ISO and IEC Standards and TechnicalReportsThis section lists new and revised standards and technicalreports recently approved and promulgated by ISO and lEe.These documents together with catalog listing several thousandcurrent ISO and IEC standards are available from ANSI.International documents submitted to the U. S. for voteand/or commentSome of the documents processed recently by the ASA StandardsSecretariat. The U.S. positions are shown in parentheses.TAGISO DocumentsISO StandardsACOUSTICS (TC 43)ISO 3743-2: 1994, Acoustics-Determination of sound powerlevels of noise sources using sound pressure-Engineeringmethods for small, movable sources in reverberant fields-Part2: Methods for special reverberation test rooms.ISO 4869-2: 1994, Acoustics-Hearing protectors-Part 2: Estimationof effective A-weighted sound pressure levels whenhearing protectors are worn.ISO 10844: 1994, Acoustics-Specification of test tracks forthe purpose of measuring noise emitted by road vehicles.ISO 389-3: 1994, Acoustics-Reference zero for the calibrationof audiometric equipment-Part 3: Reference equivalentthreshold force levels for pure tones and bone vibrators.ISO 389-4: 1994, Acoustics-Reference zero for the calibrationof audiometric equipment-Part4: Reference levels for narrowbandmasking noise.Mechanical Vibration and Shock (TC 108)ISO 3719: 1994, Mechanical vibration-Symbols for balancingmachines and associated instrumentation.ISO 11342: 1994, Mechanical vibration-Methods and criteriafor the mechanical balancing of flexible rotors.IEC StandardsELECTROACOUSTICS (TC 29)IEC 645-3: 1994, Audiometers-Part3: Auditory test signals ofshort duration for audiometric and neuro-otological purposes.IEC 645-4: 1994, Audiometers-Part 4: Equipment for extendedhigh-frequency audiometry.CEN/CENELECThe following European drafts have been sent to members ofthe European Committee for Standardization (CEN), and/or theEuropean Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization(CENELEC), for information, enquiry and comment. The finaldate for offering comments, listed in parentheses, are for informationonly. Copies of the documents are available from ANSI.ACOUSTICSprEN 389, Acoustics-Standard reference zero for the calibrationof pure-tone air conduction audiometers (1995 February28).prEN 11654, Acoustics-Sound absorbers for use in buildings-Ratingof sound absorption (ISOIDIS 11654: 1994)(February15, 1995).S2S3/S2S2S2S3S2S2TAGS3S3ISO/TC 108/SCI-Amendment 1 to ISO1925IDAM1- Mechanical Vibration­Balancing-Vocabulary Amendment 1(AFFIRMATIVE WITHOUT COMMENTS).ISOIDIS 2631-1 Mechanical vibration andshock-Evaluation of human exposure towhole-body vibration-Part 1: General requirements(AFFIRMATIVE WITH COMMENTS).ISOIDIS 8569-Mechanical vibration andshock-Measurement and evaluation of shock andvibration effects on sensitive equipment in buildings.ISOIDIS 10055-Mechanical vibration-Vibrationtesting requirements for shipboard equipment andmachinery components.ISOIDIS 10227-1 Humanlhuman surrogate impact(single shock) testing and evaluation-Part 1:Guidance on technical aspects.ISOIDIS 10815 Mechanical vibration-Methods formeasurement of vibration generated in railwaytunnels by the passage of trains (AFFIRMATIVEWITH EDITORIAL COMMENTS).ISOIDIS 10816-2 Mechanicalvibration-Evaluation of machine vibration bymeasurement on non-rotating parts-Part 2:Guidelines for large land-based steam turbine sets inexcess of 50 mW (AFFIRMATIVE WITHOUTCOMMENTS).IEC DocumentsIEC/TC 29(Central Office)213-Draft 3rd edition ofIEC 118-1: Hearing Aids-Part 1: Hearing Aidswith induction pick-up coil input (NEGATIVEWITH COMMENTS).IEC/TC 29(Central Office)214-Draft IEC 645-3:Audiometers-Part 3: Auditory test of short durationfor audiometric and otological purposes(NEGATIVE WITH COMMENTS).258 NoiselNews International 1995 December

S3 IECrrC 29(Central Office)2 15- 0 raft IEC 645-4 : S3 IECrrC 29(Secretariat)277-First CD: CouplerAudiometers-Part 4: Equipment for extendedconfigurations for the calibration of audiometrichigh-frequenc y audiometry (AFFIRMATIVE WITHearphones for the extended frequency rangeCOMMENTS).(NEGATIVE WITH COMMENTS)SIIECrrC 29(Central Office)2I 6-0raft IECmeasurement of aircraft noise-requirements forsystems to measure one-third-octave-band soundpressure levels noise certification oftransport-aeroplanes (NEGATIVE WITHCOMMENTS).S I IECrrC29(Secretariat)279- Draft IEC 1094-3:Measurement microphones-Part 3: Primarymethod for free field calibration of standardmicrophones by the reciprocity technique(NEGATIVE WITH COMMENTS).Sl IECrrC 29(Secretariat)274- Draft IEC 1260S3 29177B (Secretariat)281/138-First IEC/CDElectroacoustics, Octave-band and octave-band118-XX: Hearing aids. Part XX: electromagneticfilters (AFFIRMATIVE).compatibility for hearing aids-Immunity radiofrequency fields (NEGATiVE WITH COMMENTS).S3 IECrrC 29(Secretariat)276-First IEC/CO for andamendment 2, Measurement using broad inputsignals, to IEC 118-2: 1983, Hearing aids with S3 IECrrC 29(Secretariat)282 Second CD: Dimensionsautomatic gain control circuits (NEGATIVE WITHof Electrical connector system for hearing aids.COMMENTS ).NOTES ONSOUND ABSORPTION TECHNOLOGYbyUno IngardThis 384-page text on sound absorption technology is accompanied by three highdensityfloppy disks. The disks contain 39 executable DOS programs which, togetherwith the text, allow the user to make a wide variety of calculations related to theproperties of acoustical materials. For example, users are able to:• Calculate the acoustical performance of porous materials,• Design multi-layer porous absorbers with each layer specified separately,• Determine the sound attenuation in lined ducts for a variety of duct parameters,• Determine the acoustical performance of perforated and wire screen layers,• Calculate the performance of acoustic resonators, and• Calculate the absorption coefficient of flow-resistive screens.Published by Noise Control Foundation. P.O. Box 2469 Arlington Branch. Poughkeepsie. NY 12603. USA .FAX: +1 9144630201Circle 6S on Reader Service Card.1995 December NoiseINews International 259

Standards News (USA)*Avril Brenig, Standards ManagerASA Standards Secretariat, Acoustical Society of America,120 Wall Street, New York, NY 10005-3993. (Telephone: + I2122480373; FAX: +12122480146)George S.K. WongAcoustical Standards Group, Institute for National Standards,National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario K IA OR6,Canada. (Telephone: + I 613 993 6159; FAX: + 1 613 9908765)American National Standards (ANSI Standards) developedby Accredited Standards Committees 51,52,53, and 512 inthe areas of acoustics, mechanical vibration and shock,bioacoustics, and noise, respectively, are published by theAcoustical Society ofAmerica (ASA) through the AmericanInstitute of Physics (AlP). In addition to these standards, aCatalog ofAcoustical Standards - ASA Catalog 12-1994 isavailable. For a copy, contact Avril Brenig.Comments on all material in Standards News are welcome.Determine by test the sound power radiated into an anechoicallyterminated duct on the supply and/or return side ofair handlingequipment. (1995 May 16)ISO and lEe Standards Information Available Via theInternetOn 1995 March 01, ANSI's World Wide Web server wenton-line to provide current information on national and internationalstandardization. Some of the features include search forup-to-date standards listed in the ANSI Catalog; receive thelatest news on key ANSI activities; identify staff person atANSI; establish a link to other national and international standardsorganizations; and access ANSI calendar of national andinternational meetings. For detail information on ANSI's server,contact Ken Peabody at (212) 642-8908 or via e-mail at kpeabody@ansi.org.The ISO Online provides services, also via the World Wide Web,which include the full catalog of ISO, meeting calendar ofISOtechnical committees and subcommittees, facts on ISO 9000and the general structure of the organization. On the Internet,IEC provides information on standards, its newsletter, and itsorganizational structure.Standards News from the United StatesCall for comment on American National StandardsThi s section lists proposed American National Standards thatsolicit public comments and review. The final dates for offeringcomments, listed in parentheses, are for information only. Copiesof these documents are available from ANSI.BIOACOUSTICSBSR S3.20 Bioacoustical Terminology (revision of ANSIS3.20-1973 (RI986)Provides definitions for a variety of terms used in humanbioacoustics, including hearing, speech, psychoacoustics, andphysiological acoustics. It is intended to supplement AmericanNational StandardAcoustical Terminology, ANSI S1.1-1994, inwhich more generally used terms in acoustics are defined,including a number of terms from physiological acou stics andpsychological acoustics and music. Those terms from ANSISI.I-1994 that are related to bioacoustics are included in thisstandard as annexes. (1995 May 16)FANSBSRlASHRAE 68(BSRlAMCA 338-86), Laboratory methodofTesting to Determine the Sound Power in a Duct (revi sion ofANSI/ASHRAE 68-1 986 (ANSIIAMCA 330-86))• This is an edited version of the Standards Newsdepartment publishedin the Journalofthe AcousticalSociety of America. Reprintedby permission. Thefull text appearsin theJournalof the Acoustical Society of America, 98(1), 12-17, 1995 July.-Ed.Standards News from Abroad(Partially derived from ANSI Reporter and ANSI StandardsAction, with appreciation)Topic of International ConcernProposals to modify the design goals of AcousticalWeightingsDuring the meetings oflSO/TC 43/SC I, 1994 November, inLondon , UK, there were discussions on a proposal to add sharpcut-offs to the low and the high ends of the B- and C- weightingcurves for sound level meters. The task to reconsider a similarproposal for the A-weighting curve together with the aboveproposal for the B- and C-curves was given to ISOrrC 43/SC1, working group 46: Frequency weightings of sound levelmeters, with Dr. George Wong (Canada) appointed convener.In the present standard (lEC 651 :1979), the A-, B-and C-weightingsare specified in the frequency range 10 - 20000 Hz, and thetolerances are wide in the low and the high end of this range. Ifthe frequency-weighted level of a sound contains significantlevel s of infrasound or ultrasound, two sound level meters maygive very different level readings, due to the relatively widetolerances.To minimize the possible variations in measurements of frequency-weightedsound pressure levels, the proposals are tospecify two sharp cut-offs to be applied to the weighting curves.Disadvantages of the above proposals include the effects ofchanging the design goals of weighting curves may lead to260 NoiselNewsInternational 1995 December

consequences of unable to compare all previous data based onfrequency-weighted measurements with future readings obtainedwith frequency-weighting curves that include sharp cutoffs;and the need to replace existing sound level meters withnew instruments that contain the modified weightings willinflict unnecessary economic hardships on the internationalacoustics community; however, it may be up to the nationalauthorities to prescribe the need to use a newer sound levelmeter. It has been pointed out that by tightening the existingtolerances on the weighting curves may be one of the solutionsto replace the proposals to add sharp cut-offs.Newly published ISO and IEC Standards and TechnicalReportsThis section lists new and revised standards and technicalreports recently approved and promulgated by ISO and IEC.These documents together with a catalog listing several thousandcurrent ISO and IEC standards are available from ANSI.ISO StandardsMACHINE TOOLS (TC 39)ISO 7960: 1995, Airborne noise emitted by machine tools-Operatingconditions for woodworking machines.in parentheses, are for information only. Copies of these documentsare available from ANSI.ACOUSTICS (TC 43)ISOfT)TS 140-8, Acoustics-Measurement of sound insulationin buildings and of building elements-Part 8: Laboratorymeasurement of the reduction of transmitted impact noise byfloor coverings on a solid standard floor (revision oflSO 140-8:1978) (1995 .Tune If))International documents submitted to the U.S. for voteand/or commentSome of the documents processed recently by the ASA StandardsSecretariat. Dates in parentheses are deadlines for submissionof comments and recommendation for vote, and they arefor information only.TAGSlISO DocumentsISOIDIS 266-Acoustics-Preferred frequenciesRevision of the First edition (ISO 266:1975) (1994September 26)ACOUSTICS (TC 43)ISO 389 -2: 1994, Acoustics-Reference zero for the calibrationof audiometric equipment-Part 2: Reference equivalentthreshold sound pressure levels for pure tones and insert earphones.ISO 389-3: 1994, Acoustics-Reference zero for the calibrationof audiometric equipment-Part 3: Reference equivalentthreshold force levels for pure tones and bone vibrators.ISO 389-4: 1994, Acoustics-Reference zero for the calibrationof audiometric equipment-Part4: Reference levels for narrowbandmasking noise.ISO 3744-4: 1994, Acoustics-Determination of sound powerlevels of noise sources using sound pressure-Engineeringmethod in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane.IEC StandardsELECTROACOUSTICS (TC 29)IEC Publication 118-0Amendment 1-1994Hearing Aids: Part0: Measurement of electroacoustical characteristics.IEC Publication 118-7Amendment 1-1994Hearing Aids: Part7: Measurement of the performance characteristics of hearingaids for quality inspection for delivery purposes.ISO and IEC Draft International StandardsThis section lists proposed standards that the International Organizationfor Standardization (ISO) and the International ElectrotechnicalCommission (1EC) are considering for approval.The proposals have received substantial support within thetechnical committees or subcommittees that developed themand are now being circulated to ISO and IEC members forcomment and vote. The final dates for offering comments, listedS3SI2First ISO/CD 10846-1-Acoustics-Laboratorymeasurement of the vibro-acoustic transferproperties of resilient elements. Part 1: Principlesand guide (AFFIRMATIVE WITH COMMENTS)First ISO/CD 10866-2-Acoustics-Laboratorymeasurement of the vibro-acoustic transferproperties of resilient elements. Part 2: Dynamicstiffness of elastic supports for translatorymotion-Direct method (AFFIRMATIVE WITHCOMMENTS)ISO/DIS 4871.2-Acoustics-Declaration andverification of noise emission values of machineryand equipment (AFFIRMATIVE WITHCOMMENTS)ISOIDIS 6395: 1988IDAM1-Acoustics-Measurement of exterior noiseemitted by earth-moving machinery-Dynamic test(1994 November 14)ISOIDIS 9613-2.2: Acoustics-Attenuation ofsound during propagation outdoors-Part 2: Generalmethod of calculation (NEGATIVE WITHCOMMENTS)ISOIDIS 9614-2-Acoustics-determination ofsound power levels of noise sources using soundintensity. Part 2: Measurement by scanning(AFFIRMATIVE WITH EDITORIALCOMMENTS)1995December NoiselNews International 261

SI2ISOIDIS 10843: Acoustics-Methods for thephysical measurementof single impulses f burstsof noise(AFFIRMATIVE WITH COMMENTS)ISOIDIS 1I82I-Acoustics-Determinationof thein situ sound attenuation of a removablescreen(AFFIRMATIVE WITHCOMMENTS)Second ISO/CD 5135-Acoustics- Determinationof sound powerlevels of noise from air terminaldevices, air terminal units, dampers and valves bymeasurement in reverberation room(AFFIRMATIVE WITHOUT COMMENTS)First ISO/CD 4869-4ISOrrC 43/SCI N924­Acoustics-Hearing protectors-Part 4: Method forthe measurement of the steady state leveldependency of electroacoustic ear muffs usingareal-ear probemicrophone procedure (NEGATIVEWITH COMMENTS)First CD 6926--ISOrrC 43/SCIN925-Acoustics-Determination of sound powerlevels of noise sources. Requirements forperformance andcalibration of reference sources(Revision of ISO 6926:1990) (NEGATIVE WITHCOMMENTS)First CD 11 819-1 ISOrrC 43/SCI N927­Acoustics-Method for measuring the influence ofroadsurfaces on traffic noise. Part 1:The statisticalpass-by method (AFFIRMATIVE WITHCOMMENTS)First CD 13475-1 ISOrrC 43/SCI N926-­Determination of sound emissionquantities forstationary audible warning devices usedoutdoors-Field measurements (NEGATIVE WITHCOMMENTS)First ISO/CD I3473-ISOrrC 43/SCI N929­Characterization of pavement texture utilizingsurface profiles: determinationof mean profiledepth(AFFIRMAllVE)The National HearingConservation AssociationpresentsThe 21st AnnualHearing Conservation ConferenceFebruary 22·24, 1996San Francisco, CaliforniaFeaturing presentations on:• Motivational and Educational Strategies• The Exchange Rate Controversy• Special Problems and Populations• Cutting Edge Developments in HearingConservation• Forensic Audiology & Community NoiseContact NHCA at 414/276-6045 (V) or 414/276-3349 (F)for a complete program and registration materials.National Hearing Conservation Association611 East Wells Street· Milwaukee,WI 53202262NoiselNews International1995 December

World Conference CalendarThis calendar includes major conferenceswhich feature programs on noise and itscontrol. The working language of eachconference will be English, unless otherwisenoted.Thiscalendardoes not includeseminars, short courses, workshops andother small, specialized meetings whichare listed elsewhere.The shaded entries inthe calendar are conferences which areorganized or sponsored by I-INCE orINCElUSA. Entries for this calendar aresolicited from the I-INCE Member Societiesandfrom other organizations. In orderfor a listing to appear in this calendar,information must be provided by the conferenceorganizers concerningthe sessionsplanned for the technical programthat willbe devoted to noise and its control.This isparticularly important if the word noisedocs not appear in the name or theme oftheconference. Send requests for listingsoffuture meetings with required details to:World Conference Calendar, INCElUSA,P.O. Box 32 06 Arli ngton Branch ,Poughkeepsie, NY 12603, USA. FAX +19144739325.1996 January 10-11Annual Meeting of the Society ofAcoustics, Singapore.* Contact: W.S.Gan, Acoustical Services Pte Ltd, 209­212 Innovation Centre, NTU, NanyangAvenue, Singapore2263. Telephone: +65791 3242; FAX: +65 791 3665.1996 February 12-15IMAC XIV-NoiselVibration HarshnessOptimization, Dearborn, Michigan,USA. Contact: SEM/IMAC, 7 SchoolStreet, Bethel, CT 06801, USA. Telephone:+1 203 790 6373; FAX: +1 203790 4472; E-mail: sem@transit.nyser.net.1996 February 26-29DAGA 96, German Acoustical SocietyMeeting, Bonn, Germany. (German language.*)Contact: DEGA, FB8, UniversitatOldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg,Germany. FAX: +49 441 798 3698; E­mail: dega@aku.physik.uni-oldenburg.de.1996 April 01·04Forum Acusticum, European AcousticsAssociation, Antwerp, Belgium.*Contact: C. Mortelmans,Desguinlei 214,Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-2018 Antwerpen,Belgium. Telephone: +32 3 2160996; FAX: +32 3 216 0689.1996 May 13-17131st Meeting ofthe Acoustical Societyof America, Indianapolis, Indiana,USA.* Contact: Elaine Moran, AcousticalSociety of America, 500 SunnysideBlvd., Woodbury, NY 11797, USA.Telephone:+1 5165762360; FAX: +1 5165762377.1996 May 28·31Noise & Planning '96: InternationalConference on Acoustics Applied toPlanning, Pisa, Italy. Contact: G. Lombardi,via Bragadino 2, 20144 Milano,Italy. Telephone: +39248018833; FAX:+39248018839.1996 June 12-14Nordic Acoustical Meeting, NAM 96,Helsinki, Finland.* Contact: NAM, HelsinkiUniversity of Technology, AcousticsLaboratory, Otakaari 5A, 02150Espoo, Finland. FAX: +358 460224; E­mail: nam96@hut.fi.1996July 31-August 2INTER-NOISE 96, the 1996 InternationalCongress on Noise ControlEngineering, Liverpool, England.Contact: C.M. Mackenzie, Institute ofAcoustics, P.O. Box 320, St. Albans,Herts, ALI I PZ, UK. Telephone: + I44 1727 848195; FAX: +1 44 1727850553.1996 September 09·12Vibrations in Rotating Machinery, Oxford,UK. Contact: O. Oyuonye, InstitutionofMechanicalEngineers, 1BirdcageWalk, London SWIH 911, UK. Telephone:+441719731249; FAX: +44 1712229881.1996 September 23-253rd Transport Noise Symposium, St.Petersburg, Russia. Contact: East-EuropeanAcoustical Association, MoskovskoeShosse44, 196158St. Petersburg,Russia. Telephone: +7 812 127 9348;FAX: +7 812 1279323.1996 September 29-0ctober 2NOISE-CON 96, the 1996 NationalConference on Noise Control Engineering, Bellevue, Washington, USA.Contact: Engineering Professional Programs,3201 Freemont Avenue North,SeattleWA98103, USA.Telephone:+I206 543 5539; Fax: +I 206 543-2352.1996 December 02·06132nd Meeting of the Acoustical Societyof America, Honolulu, Hawaii,USA.* Contact: Elaine Moran, AcousticalSociety of America, 500 SunnysideBlvd., Woodbury, NY 11797,USA. Telephone:+1 5165762360; FAX: +1 5165762377.1997 June 02-06133rd Meeting of the Acoustical Societyof America, State College, Pennsylvania,USA.* Contact: Elaine Moran,Acoustical Society of America, 500 SunnysideBlvd., Woodbury, NY 11797,USA.Telephone: +1 5165762360; FAX:+15165762377.1997August 25-27INTER-NOISE 97, the 1997 InternationalCongress on Noise ControlEngineering, Budapest, Hungary.Contact: OPAKFI, H-I 027 Budapest,Fo u. 68, Hungary. Telephone/FAX:+36 I 202 0452.1997 December 01-05134th Meeting of the Acoustical SocietyofAmerica,SanDiego,California,USA.*Contact:ElaineMoran,AcousticalSocietyof America, 500 SunnysideBlvd., Woodbury,NY11797,USA.Telephone: +15165762360; FAX:+15165762377.1995 DecemberNoiselNews International263

1998 June 20-27International Congress on Acousticsand Meeting of the Acoustical Societyof America, Seattle, Washington, USA.*Contact: Elaine Moran, Acoustical Societyof America , 500 Sunnyside Blvd.,Woodbury, NY 11797, USA. Telephone:+1 516576 2360; FAX: +1516576 2377.1998 October 12-16136thMeeting of the Acoustical Societyof America, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.*Contact: Elaine Moran, Acoustical Societyof America, 500 Sunnyside Blvd.,Woodbury, NY 11797, USA. Telephone:+15165762360;FAX:+15165762377.1998 November 16-20INTER-NOISE 98, the 1998 InternationalCongress on oise ControlEngineering, Chri stchurch. ewZealand. Contact: New ZealandAcoustical Society, P.O. Box 1181,Auckland. NZ. FAX: +64 9 309 3540.1999 March 15-19Forum Acusticum and Meeting of theAcoustical Society of America, Berlin,Germany.* Contact: Elaine Moran,Acoustical Society of America, 500 SunnysideBlvd., Woodbury, NY 11797,USA. Telephone: +15165762360; FAX:+15165762377.1999 November 01-05138thMeeting ofthe Acoustical Societyof America, Columbus, Ohio, USA. *Contact: Elaine Moran,Acoustical Societyof America, 500 Sunnyside Blvd.,Woodbury, NY 11797, USA. Telephone:+15165762360;FAX:+15165762377.2000 December 04·08140th MeetingoftheAcoustical Societyof America, Newport Beach, CA, USA.* Contact: Elaine Moran.Acoustical Societyof America, 500 Sunnyside Blvd.,Woodbury, NY 11797, USA. Telephone:+15165762360; FAX:+1 5165762377.*Sessions on noise are planned.INTER-NOISE 96 Special Technical SessionsForty-four special technical sessions are being planned forINTER-NOISE 96 which will be held in Liverpool, UnitedKingdom on 1996 July 30 - August 02. These sessions, togetherwith their organizers, are listed below.More information on INTER-NOISE 96 will appear in the1996 March issue of this magazine. Internet users may accessthe INTER-NOISE 96 home page athttp://www.npl.co.uklnpVcira/events/intemoise.html.Vision 2000, c.« Bragdon, USABarriersfor noise control, D.e. Hothersall, UK & e. Menge, USARailway noise, J.G. Walker, UK & C. Hanson, USACommunity noise, R. de Jong, Netherlands & J. Fields, USASound quality, R. Bisping, Germany & P. Davies, USANon-auditory health effects of noise, S. Bly, Canada,S. Stansfield, UK & L.S. Finegold, USAVibroacoustics, Fl. Fahy, UK & R.i. Bernhard, USAMilitary aircraft noise and NATO CCMS, R.J. Weston, UK &e. Svane, DenmarkSubjective evaluation of environmental noise, H. Fastl,Germany & S. Kuwano, JapanEducation in acoustics and noise control, T Kihlman, Sweden &S. Kurra, TurkeyEuropean issues, CiG. Grimwood, UKSound insulation, TE. Vigran, Norway & A.e.C. Warnock.CanadaWindfarm noise, M. Legerton, UKStructure-borne noise, B. Gibbs, UK, T ten Wolde, Netherlands& A. Nikiforov; RussiaAcoustical Materials, J.S. Bolton, USAConstruction site noise, D. Towers, USAMicro-vibration, e.G. Gordon, USAApplications of sound intensity in building acoustics,H. Tachibana, Japan & R. Guy, CanadaAcoustic imaging of noise sources, P. Wagstaff, France &S. Glegg, USAStatistical energy analysis, B. Mace, New ZealandMotor vehicle noise, U. Sandberg, SwedenActive sound control, J. Tichy, USA & N. Doelman,NetherlandsActive vibration control, e. Fuller; USA & MJ. Brennan,UKAlgorithms and signal processing, D. Swanson, USA,S. Sommerfeldt, USA & H. Hamada, JapanConsultancy - the US and UK compared, J.G. Miller; UKIndustrial noise control, S.e. Bennett, UK, RJ Peters, UK& J. Cowling, USAApplications of active control, H.G. Leventhall. UKNew techniques in instrumentation, G. Wong, Canada &P. V. Briiel, DenmarkStructural intensity, G. Pavic, FranceEntertainment and leisure noise, W:J. Cavanaugh, USA &J. Griffiths, UKSound intensity, G. Rasmussen, USABlast noise propagation and assessment, G. Kerry, UK &P. Schomer; USAInterior aircraft noise, KP. Shepherd, USAAircraft noise, K Liasje, Norway & A. Marsh, USAAirport noise, G. Bekebrede, Netherlands & I. Yamada,JapanChanges in annoyance and noise levels around airports,M Vallet, France, S. Fidell, USA, & J. Kastka, GermanyDevelopments in standards and regulations forenvironmental noise, P. Dickinson, New Zealand &P. Schomer; USARoad traffic noise, G. Watts, UK & M Burgess, AustraliaOccupational noise, H. Lester, UKNoiseand sleep, K Pearsons, USA & B. Griefahn, GermanyMachinery noise, R.F Higginson, UK & H.G. Jonasson,SwedenThe I-INCE Working Group on Community Noise,B. Schultz-Forkamp, Germany264 NoiselNews International 1995December

Institute NoticesThisDepartment includes communications fromthe Boardsof Directors of International INCE and INCEfUSA to theMember Societiesof I-INCEand the individual membersofINCE/USA, respectively. It contains information on I-INCEinitiatives, notices, bulletins, etc. Items are included here onwhich a response may be requested.Working Party on Building AcousticsBackgroundThis initiative of International INCE deals with the soundattenuation afforded by building envelopes. Noise reduction atthe sourceis alwaysthe preferredoptionfor solvingproblems.But it will be difficultto reduce sufficiently for many years inthefuturethenoiseemittedby roadandrail vehicles and aircrafttobe acceptabletoresidentsand othersncarhighways, raillinesandairports. Onealternative isto improvethe soundattenuationof building envelopes so that at least the indoor acousticenvironmentisacceptable. Muchmoneyhasbeen spentin attemptsat this solution often with disappointing and unsatisfactoryresults.ConceptThedecisionhasbeenmadethatInternational INCEwillundertakea study of the technical aspects of the sound attenuationprovided by building envelopes. In particular, the study willseek to determine why so many failures have occurred in thepast and will recommend methods for improving buildingenvelopeattenuationeffectively. An International INCEWorkingParty will be constituted to carry out these tasks. In addition toseeking reasons for past failures, the Working Party shouldconsider the influence of other environmental aspects. In particular,the interaction of sound insulationmeasures with thermalcomfort and natural ventilation requirements, the possibleneed for air conditioning, and implications of the use of solarenergyfor heatingbuildings and providingservices. Both newandexisting buildings will be considered.Changesthat may berequired in the standard methods of measurement of soundattenuation in buildings and buildingcomponents in situ and inthe laboratory are to be explored.Action PlanThe work will be startedas soon as possible:1. By 1996-03-0I, nominations of Working Party members aredue.Themembers ofthe Working Party(WP) willbe specialistswho are active in the field of building acoustics. Each I-INCEMemberSocietyhas the opportunity to participate in this workby nominating onespecialistto theWorking Party. Secretariatsof I·INCE Member Societies that wish to participate in thisinitiative are requested to FAXthe name, address, and FAXnumber of the specialist representing their Member Societyto the I-INCE President (FAX +1 914 473 9325 or e-maillangww@aip.org) before 1996·03-01. NOTE: The timetablefor this activity is very tight, and the deadlines will be strictlyobserved.2. By 1996-04-01, the I-INCE President will appoint the convenorand members of the I-INCE Working Party to carry outthis work.3. By 1996-05-01, members of the Working Partyare requestedto supply the WPconvenorwith commentsand information onthe subjects summarized in the Concept section above (withcopies to othermembers of the WP).4. On Monday, 1996-07-29, the Working Party will hold aone-daymeetingin Liverpool, UK,just prior to INTER-NOISE96 to review the draft of an interim report prepared by theconvenor.5. DuringINTER-NOISE 96,the interimreportfromtheWorkingParty will be presented; progress to date and the futureactivities of the Working Party will be detailed.6. The future activityof the Working Party will be discussed atthe meetingof the I-INCEGeneralAssembly on 1996-08-02.ACTION REQUIRED BY I·INCE MEMBER SOCI·ETY SECRETARIATSWorking Party on Consumer NoiseInformationBackgroundThis initiativeof International INCE deals withthe noisecharacteristicsofconsumerproducts. Such goods are sold at retailto ultimate consumers for personal or household use. There isworkin progress todevelopinternational andnationalstandardsfor measuring the noise characteristics of such products, andthere are testing organizations in some countries which carryoutappropriate evaluations. However, theinformation availableto thetypicalconsumeris limited, evenin thosecountrieswhereconcernfor environmental noise is greatest.ConceptThedecisionhasbeenmadethatInternational INCEwillundertakea study of the technical aspects of the measurement andevaluation of the noise of consumerproducts. In particular, thestudy will be oriented towards the information to be provided1995 December NoiselNews International 265

to the ultimate consumer. An International INCE Working Partywill be constituted to carry out this study. The Working Partywill be tasked to develop effective means for specifying thenoise properties of consumer products to make it possible forthe purchasers to select low-noise products. The intent is toprovide information that will benefit the users of the products,their neighbors as well as the manufacturers of such low-noiseproducts. The goal is to make the low noise of products animportant competitive factor on the market.Action PlanThe work will be started as soon as possible:1. By 1996-03-01, nominations of Working Party members aredue. The members of the Working Party (WP) will be specialistswho are active in the field of product noise evaluations. EachI-INCE Member Society has the opportunity to participate inthis work by nominating one specialist to the Working Party.Secretariats of I·INCE Member Societies that wish to participatein this initiative are requested to FAX the name,address, and FAX number of the specialist representingtheir Member Society to the I-INCE President (FAX+1914473 9325 or e-mail langww@aip.org) before 1996-03-01.NOTE: The timetable for this activity is very tight, and thedeadlines will be strictly observed.2. By 1996-04-01, the I-INCE President will appoint the convenorand members of the I-INCE Working Party to carry outthis work.3. By 1996-05-01, members of the Working Patty are requestedto supply the WP convenor with comments and information onthe subjects summarized in the Concept section above (withcopies to other members of the WP).4. On Monday, 1996-07-29, the Working Party will hold aone-day meeting in Liverpool, UK, just prior to INTER-NOISE96 to review the draft of an interim report prepared by theconvenor.5. During INTER-NOISE 96, the interim report from the WorkingParty will be presented; progress to date and the futureactivities of the Working Party will be detailed.6. The future activity of the Working Party will be discussed atthe meeting of the I-INCE General Assembly on 1996-08-02.ACTION REQUIRED BY I·INCE MEMBER SOCI·ETY SECRETARIATSDon't mix and match...Mix andmatch sound door systems giveyou less thanyou bargained for. To gettrue sound protection you need a completeacoustical system - doors, frame, seals,Overly Acoustical Door maintenance-freecam-lift hinges, glass andglazing materials - such as you getwithOverly Acoustical Door Systems. BecauseSystems give you completeOverly is a custom door manufacturer, wecandesign and build acoustical doorsystems to your exact specifications. Andsound attenuation. all ofOverly'sAcoustical Products have been tested ascomplete operable systems to thelateststandard, E90-90. So when you specify foran acoustical opening, don't mix andmatch. Specify Overly Acoustical DoorSystems for complete sound attenuation.MANUfACTURING COMPANYP.O. Box70Greensburg, PA 15601-0070(412) 834-7300FAX(412) 830·2871Reader Service Number 16266 Noise/News International 1995 December

This is the world's mosl advanceddata recorder.And dat's DAT.Less is more.The Sony PC200 Series is an entire newgeneration of data recorders. The smallestgo-anywhere recorders available. Withfeatures and performance that put them in aclass by themselves. And with configurationsfrom 2 to 64 channels, bandwidths from DCto 100KHz, and even a hybrid forsimultaneous wideband analog and/ordigital data, there'sa model to preciselyfit your requirements.The OAT advantage.Sony pioneered OAT, and we know howto getthe most out of it.The newPC200 Series canrecord up to 6 hours of datawith an overalltransfer rate of up to 3.072 Mbps. Good data,with a signal to noise ratio greater than82dB. Nothing else comes close.The ins and outs.Since small size enhances portability, Sonyprovides an RS232 for onsite remote controlvia laptop, palmtop, yourchoice. Going theother way, theSCSI IF500 interfaceprovides optimum datatransfer to yourPC or workstation. Because the faster yourdata becomes information, the better.The soft stuff.Imbedded in every PC200 Seriesrecorderis Table of Contents software utilizing the firsttwo minutes of tape to summarize its contentsfor fastand easy searches on the computer.You can write each recording block's subdatasuch as 10, ADDRESS, and RANGE.Even TIME CODE. And , with Sony's powerfulPCscan dataacquisltion software, turningyour data into information was never easier.The Sony advantage.Of course, when you choose the PC200Series data recorders, you choose Sony,and you know what that means in terms ofconstant technology advancement andleadership, rugged reliability, and full support.Only Sony could make data recordingexciting. Give us a call and we'll tell you justhowexciting it gets. All OAT and more.SONYSony Magnescale America, Inc.137 West Bristol lane. Orange, CA 92665(714) 921~630· FAX (714) 921-1162Sony Is a I1IlIlstered trademark of Sony CorporationReader Service Number 26

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International INCE Sustaining MembersBond voor Materialenkennis, Postbus 390, 330 AJ Zwijndrecht, TheNetherlandsBruel& Kjrer AlS Skodsborgvej 307,DK2850Nerum, DenmarkLMS International NV, Numerical Integration Technologies NV,Interleuvenlaan 68,3001 Leuven, BelgiumCELInstruments Ltd., 35 Bury Mead Road, Hitchin, Herts SG5 IRT,United KingdomNorsonic AS, P.O. Box 24, 3408Tranby, NorwayRion Co., Ltd., Higashimotomachi 3-20-41, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185,JapanInternational INCE Institutional MembersArgentina: Centro de Investigaci6n en Acustica del Sistema INTI,Parque Technol6gico Miguelete, Cassilla de Correo 157, 1650- SanMartin, Provincia de Buenos Aires.Belgium: Laboratorium voor Aoestiek en Thermische Fysica, K.U. ,Cclcstijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven-Heverlee,France: Centre Technique des Industries Mechanique, 52 AvenueFelixLouat, BP67,60304 Senlis,Japan: Sone Lab., RJ .E.C., Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira,Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980.Portugal: Laboratorio Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Ministerio dasObras Publicas, Transportes eCommunicacoes, Av.doBrasil I0I, 1799Lisboa.Russia: Noise Control Association of the Baltic State TechnicalUniversity,c/oProfessor NJ .lvanov, l-st.Krasnoarmejskaja I, 198005St. PetersburgSweden: Department of Applied Acoustics, Chalmers University ofTechnology, S-412 96 Gothenburg.U.S.A.: Graduate Program in Acoustics, The Pennsylvania StateUniversity, University Park, PA16802.AcknowledgmentsThe Boardof Directors of INCEIUSA expresses its sincere appreciation to the Acoustical Society of America for its supportand cooperation in the publication of Noise/News (1972-92), and Noise/News International since its inception in 1993. TheBoard also gratefully acknowledges the financial assistance given by the members of the INCE/USA Liaison Program:AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill. New JerseyAuburn University, Auburn University. AlabamaBolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge. MassachusettsBriiel and Kjrer Instruments, Marlborough, MassachusettsDigital Equipment Corporation, Maynard. Massachu settsIndustrial Acoustics Company, Bronx. New }'cJrkIBM Corporation, Armonk, New }{)rkChevron Corporation, San Francisco, CaliforniaThe Pennsylvania State University, State College. PennsylvaniaTracor, Inc., Austin. TexasThe Board of Directors of International INCE gratefully acknowledges the support being given by the following SustainingMembers and Institutional Members of International INCE:Sustaining MembersBond Voor Materialenkennis, Zwijndrecht, The NetherlandsBriiel and Kjrer, Nierum, DenmarkLMS International, NV Numerical Integration Technologies NV, Heverlee, BelgiumCEL Instruments, Ltd., Hitchin, Hens, United KingdomNorsonic AS, Tranby, NorwayRion Company, Ltd., Tokyo, JapanInstitutional MembersArgentina: Centro de ln vestigacion en Acustica, Buenos AiresBelgium: Laboratorium voorAkoestiek en Thermische Fysica, LeuvenFrance: Centre Technique des Industries Mechanique, SenlisJapan: Sone Lab., R.I.£.C., Tohoku University, SendaiPortugal: LaboratorioNacional de Engenharia Civil, LisboaRussia: Noise ControlAssociationof the Baltic State University. St. PetersburgSweden: DepartmentofApplied Acoustics. Chalmers University of Technology. GothenburgUSA: Graduate Program in Acoustics. The Pennsylvania State University. State College. Pennsylvania1995 December NoiselNews International 269

International Advertising ContactsBelow is a list of international contacts for the advertisers in this issue. The telephone number is given first, and is followed by the FAXnumber where avai lable. In cases where there are several telepho ne numbers per location, or several locations within a cou ntry, a colo n(:) separates the telephone num ber(s) from its respective FAX number.Automated Analysis CorporationAustria: Braincon Technologies, +43 132 098260; +43 132 0982619Fra nce: Dynamic Design Studios, +33 I 48 65 26 54; +33 1 45 911710J apan: C. Itoh Techno-Science Corp., Ltd., +8 103 341 99074: +8 103 34 199169Korea: Fadam Technologies, Inc., +82 255 693 II : +82255 693 10;Jin Young Technology, Inc., +82 256 520 15: +8225682250UK: Advanced Analysis Limited, +440403218718; +44 0403218728lACAust ra lia : +61 23374143Ca nada: +1 (416) 845 8900: +1 (4 16) 845 7380; +1 (604) 929-7357:+1 (604) 929-4337; +1 (416) 847-7833: +1 (4 16) 847-7763; +1(514) 663-1440: +1 (5 14) 389-8450England: +44 784 456 251; +44 7784 463303Germany: +49 216 3843 1 33: +49 216 3806 18; +49 711 6805485:+49 6 226 2201Greece: +77 92 193; +77 53 627Hong Kong: +82 557 8633; +82 897 0423Indonesia: +62 21 570 5170; +62 21 570 6309Israel: +972 3 456 433: +972 3 5463290; +972 52 586 2 11 : +972 52547244; +972 3 339 224: +972 3 333 980J apan : +81 3 83 1 9595, +81 3 835 9658: (no FAX); +81 45 39 11906: (no FAX); +8 1 6 473 453 1: +81 64734558; +81 332717771: +81633281 1928Korea : +82 2 8462708: +82 8416634; +82 2 577 6451/6: +82 2 577 6457Ma laysia: +60 03 904 46 11; +60 03 904 4600Netherlands Antill ies: +599 9 6 11 987; +599 9 611 744Singa pore: +65 2917123; +65 292 583 1South Africa: +27 622 1743; +27 622 1306Taiwan: +886 2 364 3456; +886 2 365 3434Tha iland : +66 2 512 1438Turkey: +90 II 48 1 610Larson-Davis LaboratoriesAustralia, In dones ia, Thailand, New Zealand, Ma laysia: VipacInstruments, +61 3 647 9700; +6 1 3 6464370Austria: LB-Electronics, +43 I 367 660; +43 1 369 8443Belgium, Luxemburg: Akron, +32 2 757 0351; +32 2 757 0607Brazil: Oceanites, + 55 31 332 8100; +55 31 3328090Ca nada: Da1imar Instruments, Que (5 14) 424 0033; (514) 424 0030a nt: (905) 508 8345; (905) 508 8344Chile: Sisemas de Instrumentacion, +562 696 00 31; +562 696 96 65France: E1exo,+33 I 693 02 880; +33 I 693 0685 1Germany: Ing. Buro Groninger, +49 6172 72172; +49 6172 74618India: A1phaTech Services, +91 11 545 1700; +91 11 675925Ire land: Industrial & Marine Acoustics, +353 4 125647; +353 4125743Italy: Spectra SRL, +39 39 287 24 22; +39 39 287 24 30Japan: Toyo Corporation, +81 3 5688 6800; +81356886900Netherlands: Acoutronics, +31 1620 2442 1; +31 1620 25652PRC, ROC: Samwell Testing, PRC: +861 4276783; +861 4276784ROC: +866 6488455; +866 6483024Portuga l: Decada, +351 14 10 3420; +351 1 4 10 1844Russ ia: Octava+, +7 095 489 8694; + 7095 404 61 19South Africa: Spescom, +27 11 315 0757; +27 11 805 1192South Korea: Vico International, +822 571 2493; +822 571 2495Spain: Deinsa, +345 440 7300; +345 440 7304Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Norway: Acoutronic, +468 7650280;+468 73 I 02 80Switzerland, Hungary, Yugoslavia: AnadaAG, +4101 810 30 22;+41018 104345Thailand: Executive Training, +66 251 4 1621; +66 2 530 0464UK: Larson Davis Ltd., +44 642 49 1565; +44 642 490809Venezuela: FranCa World Trading, +58 2 284 9770; 58 2 284 9770NIT DistributorsAustralia: +61 06 268 8272; +61 06 268 8276Czech Republic: +42 02 752 641; +42 02 752 691France: +33 169412424;+33 169413127Germany: +49 089 6088 3599; +49 089 6088 3399Hungary: +3601 186 8952; +36 01 1869852Israel: +972 03 536 14 11 ; +972 03 536 1412Italy: +39 35 23 56 85; +39 35 212194Japan: +81 03 59785420; +8 1 03 5978 5440Japan: +81 03 5420 7314; +81 0354207320Korea: +82 02 423 9036; +82 02 412 7355Spa in: +34 I 3862222; +34 1 3864580Sweden: +4608 655 3003; +46 08 655 3007Taiwan, ROC: +886 02 648 8455; +886 02 648 3024Turkey: +90 224 250 84 54; +90 224 350 84 57UK: +440742 823 141 ; +440742 823 150USA: +18109525664; +1810952 1610NorsonicASNorway: +47 32 852080; 47 32 852208Overly ManufacturingKorea: +82 2 266 1962; +82 2 266 1964270 NoiselNews International 1995 December

DIRECTORY OF NOISE CONTROL SERVICESInformation on listings in the DirectoryofNoise Control Services is availablefrom INCElUSA, P.O Box 3206Arlington Branch, Poughkeepsie, NY 12603, USA. The price is USD 325for four insertions.CAVANAUGH TOCCIASSOCIATES INC.Consultants in AcousticsArchitecturul s Structural e ~k"Ch an ic al . EnvironmentalWilliam J. Cavanaugh, INCE. Bd. Cert.Gregory C. Tocci, INCE. Bd. Cert.Timothy J. Foulkes, INCE. Bd. Cert.K. AnthonyHoover, I CE. Bd. Cert.Douglas 1-1 . Bell, [NCESheryl Soloman, [NCEDeborah J. Blasinsky, INCE Assoc.BrionG. Konig, INCEAssoc.327 F Boston Post Road . Sudbury. MA0 1776. USA Te lephone: (508) 443-787 1FAX: (508) 443-7873CAMPANELLAASSOCIATESDESIG :• Studios & Music Halls . Condos &Apartment s . Scientific and SeismicEquipment Isolation. Transportation &Industrial oise . OEM: ACCULABReference Sound SourcesFIELDTESTING:• ASTM. ANSI . AMCA. ASHRAE• HUD, FAA . Sound Power • Intensity• FEM Analysis Services320 I Ridgewood DriveColumbus, OH 43026-2453 USATelephone: (614) 876-5108FAX: (6 14)771-8740WYLE LABORATORI ESOver 25 Years ill Acoustics...ResearchEngineeringConsultingArlington, VA, USATelephone: +I 703 4 15 4550EI Segundo, CA, USATelephone: +1 310 322 1763 X2330SCANTEK, INC.Sound and Vibration Instrumentation& Engineering• Sales, Rentals, Service• Technical Support• Consulting916 Gist AvenueSilver Spring, MD 20910 USATelephone: (30 I) 495-7738FAX: (30 I) 495-7739EGGERS INDUSTRIESWood Acoustical ProductsManufacturer: Complete line of doors.panels. and custom produc ts made perspecifications.• All avai lable foreign and domestic veneers• Doors and panels tested acco rding toE90-90 and E4 13-87• Single doors up to STC-51. pairs. withlites. stile & rail. and more• Available with fire ratings164 Lake StreetNeenah, WI 54957, USATelephone: (4 14)722-6444FAX: (4 14) 722-0357RICHARD J. PEPPIN, P.E.• Board Certified (lNCE)• Fellow, ASAInstrumentationStandardsTestingBuilding AcousticsAccreditationISO 900050 12 Macon RoadRockville, MD 20852Telephone/FAX: +I 30 I 984 3375ACENTECH INC.28 Technical Professionals Available forCollaboration in:• Architectural. Environmental andIndustrial Acoustics• oise and Vibration Control• Structural Vibrations and Structure-bornesound• Audiovisual, Video and Sound SystemDesignContact Eric E. Ungar, Sc.D., P.E.INCE/USA Past President125 Cambridge Park DriveCambridge, MA 02140 USATelephone: (617) 499-8000FAX: (6 17) 499-8074CHARLES KULMANMotor Sports Sound Abatement7415Gum Grove LaneVacaville, CA 95688-9653 USATelephone: (916) 678-8815FIREDOORCORPORATIONManufacturers of FIRESONtC line ofhollow metal aco ustic door asse mblies.• Control sound transmission throughopera ble doorways - without the look ofa thick. industrial door.• Standard mortised hinges, typical I 3/4" door.• UL fire ratings up to three hours (A label).• Tested as an operable. I 3/4" door toASTM E-90-90 up to STC 5 1 rating.P.O. Box 380878Miami, FL 33238-0878, USATelephone: + I 305 691 1500FAX: + I 305 83647971995 DecemberNoisclNews International271

Index to Volume 3Asia-PacificNewsAustralia: Australian Acoustical Society holds itsannual conference,3: 64Australia:NoiseFromSydney Airport hits the headlines, 3: 64Australia: International conferenceon underwater acoustics, 3: 64Australia: University of NSW to sponsor metal cuttingnoise scholarship, 3:132Australia: EPAenvironmental noise standardis available, 3: 132Australia: Acoustics Australia publishes special issue on fault detection, 3:132Australia: Articles on acoustics inAcousticsAustralia, 3: 186Australia: VIPAC investigates low frequency noise for ASHRAE, 3: 248BooksNotes on Sound Absorption Technology, Uno Ingard, 3: 52Statistical Energy Analysis, Richard H. Lyon and RichardG. Dejong, 3: 52AlPHandbook of Condenser Microphones, 3: 52Encyclopedia of Applied Physics, George L. Trigg, Editor,3: 52Noise Control in the Built Environment, JohnRoberts and Diane Fairhall, 3:53Noise Controlin Russia, E. Nekrasova, Editor 3: 53Software for Noise Control, Pascal Millet, Editor, 3: 134The Handbookof Hearing and the Effects of Noise, Karl D. Kryter, 3: 249Proceedings of the 15thInternational Congress on Acoustics,3: 249NoiseControl '95, Zbigniew Engel, AdamLipowczan, and Jerzy Sadowski,Editors, 3: 249Sourcebookon Noise Control, L. Gooday, M. Scanlon andJ. Devine, Editors,3: 249Calendar, specialized meetings, 3: 61,148,212,253Calendar, world conference,3: 59,146,210,263Directory, NNI, 3: 57.144,213,268Directory of noisecontrol services, 3: 72,152,216,271Editorials, 3: 6,8,78,81.156,158.220,221European NewsRussia: InternationalINCESymposiumis heldin Russia, 3: 65Slovakia: Acoustics conference to be heldin Slovakia, 3:65France: France hostseuroenoise '95 conference, 3: 130Hungary: Hungarian Scientific Societynames newofficers, 3: 131Sweden: S.A.S. celebrates its fiftieth anniversary, 3: 131Sweden: Tire/Road noise bibliographydatabase is available, 3: 131United Kingdom: Noise and Vibration Worldwide, 3: 131Norway: ICA '95 is held in Norway, 3: 187Sweden: Environmental conference of engineering academies, 3: 187Sweden: Noise from electronicallycontrolledelectric motors. 3: 187United Kingdom: Progress on the INTER-NOISE96 Congress, 3: 188Belgium: ForumAcusticum to be held in Antwerp, 1996 April 1-4, 3: 247Belgium: ABAV holds annual meeting, 3: 247Hungary: 8th Seminarand Exhibition on NoiseControl, 3: 247Poland: Reporton Noise Control'95, 3: 247United Kingdom: Special sessions at INTER-NOISE96, 3: 266FeaturesProgress in building acoustics (Cops and Vermeir), 3: 10ACTIVE95 and INTER-NOISE95 planning information, 3: 26Noise Control - principles and practice (Ingemansson), 3: 45.119.177.237Working Party Report:Effect of regulations on motor vehicle noise, 3: 82INTER-NOISE 96 announcementandcall for papers, 3: 11 5Glossary of terms used in noise control engineering, 3: 161NOISE-CON 96 announcement andcall for papers, 3: 169ACTIVE95 and INTER-NOISE 95 draw more than 800Attendees, 3: 173Regulations for community noise(Gottlob), 3: 223INCE NoticesWorking parties on building envelope sound attenuation andconsumer noiseinformation, 3: 56Correction to I-INCEpublication94-1, 3: 56Progress on Working Parties authorized on 1994-08-28, 3: 138Voting on I-INCE publication 94-1.3: 138Procedure forfinal processing of draft document, 3: 198Progress on Working Parties authorized on 1994-08-28, 3: 198Working Party on building acoustics, 3: 265Working Party on consumernoise, 3: 265INCE UpdateUKInstitute of Acoustics to organize INTER-NOISE96, 3:54INCE/USAto offerexaminations in Newport Beach. 3: 55INCE/USAelects new officers anddirectors, 3: 55NOISE-CON 96 to be heldin Bellevue, Washington,3:139INTER-NOISE95 equipmentexhibition is soldout, 3: 139International INCEreleases financial report, 3:140CurtisI. Holmer(obituary),3: 140INTER-NOISE 95 opening address(Lang), 3: 190Reports of International INCEWorking Parties, 3: 190I-INCE General Assembly meets in NewportBeach, 3:191INCE/USA policystatement on certification maintenance, 3: 193Membership in INCE/USA - An opportunityand a challenge, 3:194I-INCE President's annual reportto the member societies, 3: 252International advertiser contacts, 3: 71,149,215,270Member society profilesThe NewZealand Acoustical Society. 3: 7The Institute of Noise Control Engineering of the USA, 3: 80The Acoustical Society of Norway.3: 159The AcousticalSociety of Finland, 3: 222Pan American NewsLatin America: Latin American organizations formnew organizations, 3: 62USA: ASAto meet in Washington in June, 3: 62USA:ASME to sponsorsymposium on flow noise modeling, measurementand control. 3: 62USA: MineSafety and Health Administration issuesdosimeter report, 3: 63Mexico: Mexican congresses on acoustics, 3: 128Peru: Acoustical society is established in Peru, 3: 128USA: NIOSH, UAW, Ford, Hawkwa, JAAannounce cooperative agreement,3: 128USA: NCT acquires ANVT assets,3:129USA: PennState tooffershort course on vibrations, 3: 129USA: ASA holds special session on noise in Washington, DC,3: 188USA: BBN forms newdivision to focus on the noise and vibrationcontrolmarketplace, 3: 189USA: SAEmeets in Traverse City, 3: 244USA: HMMH acquires ANOMS,3: 244USA: Airplane noise levels continue to drop, 3: 244USA: FAA releases Version5.0 of the Integrated NoiseModel. 3: 244USA: Events at NOISE-CON96, 3: 245PeopleEldred is awarded theASASilverMedal in Noise, 3: 4Cavanaugh receivesASADistinguished Service Citation, 3: 4Per V. Briiel Gold Medalawarded to Eric E. Ungar, 3: 4Rothis namedASMEFellow, 3: 5Egan awarded 1994 Schultzgrant. 3: 5HidekiTachibana is named ASJpresident, 3: 76R.H. Lyon Corp presidentelected to the NAE, 3: 76Peppinis elected a Fellowof the ASA.3: 76RalphHiIlquist receives McFarland award, 3: 76Ingard receives INCE/USAEducation Award, 3: 184Blotter wins 1995 StudentPaper Prize Competition. 3: 185Hoover receives DistinguishedEngineeringAward, 3: 246SchwindnamedAESFellow, 3: 246Professor Elfyn J. Richards, 1914-1 995 (obituary), 3: 246Product news, 3: 66,135,200,250Standards news (USA), 3: 67,141,204,255,257,260272 NoiselNews International 1995 December

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