เนืองอก (Neoplasm)
เนืองอก (Neoplasm) เนืองอก (Neoplasm)
22/11/55Characteristics of CancersTeratoma (dermoid cyst): hair, teeth, cartilage, sebaceous• Autonomous and Immortal– Growth-promoting– Growth-inhibiting (apoptosis)• Angiogenesis, central hemorrhage & necrosis• Loss of differentiation and increase abnormalfeatures (anaplasia)• Local invasion• Distant metastasishttp://www.med.cmu.ac.th/student/patho/Surapan/106.jpgCauses of Cancer• Exogenous causes– Cancerogenic factors(carcinogen, cancer-forming factors)– Chemicals– Physical agents– Viruses• Endogenous causes– Genetic trait, heritabilityChemical Carcinogens• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons– 3,4-Benzpyrene – tobacco – CA lung– Aflatoxin B1 – Aspergillus flavus – liver cancer• Aromatic amines– Naphthylamine – azo dyes – bladder cancer• Nitrosamines– Nitrites and nitrates – meat product – CA colon• Steroid hormones– Estrogen – supplement – endometrial cancer6
22/11/55Physical carcinogens• Radiation• Ultraviolet light (UV)• X-rays• Radioactive isotopes• Atomic bombs• Skin cancer (SCC, BCC, melanoma),leukemia, thyroid cancerViral Carcinogens• Human papilloma virus (HPV)– Common warts, genital warts– HPV type 16, 18 – Cancer of cervix• Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)– Burkitt’s lymphoma (B-cell neoplasia)– Nasopharyngeal carcinoma• Hepatitis B virus (HBV)– Hepatocellular carcinoma• Human T-cell lymphoma/leukemia virus 1(HTLV-1)Genetic Mechanisms of CA• Altered expression of cellular genes“somatic genetic disorders”– Nonlethal genetic damage (mutations)• Proto-oncogenes• Tumor suppressor genes– Clonal expansion– DNA repair defect– Acquire new mutations malignant propertiesProto-oncogenes• Proto-oncogenes mutation oncogenes oncoproteins promote autonomouscell growth cancer• Ex. Growth factors (PDGF), Growth factorreceptors (EGFR), cytoplasmic signalmolecules (K-RAS), nuclear transcriptionfactors (c-myc)7
- Page 1 and 2: 22/11/55http://www.clipartreview.co
- Page 3 and 4: 22/11/55• Benign tumor :Cell Grow
- Page 5: 22/11/55Mesenchymal tumors• Benig
- Page 9 and 10: 22/11/55Invasion and Metastasis•
- Page 11: 22/11/55References• Damjanov I.,
22/11/55Characteristics of CancersTeratoma (dermoid cyst): hair, teeth, cartilage, sebaceous• Autonomous and Immortal– Growth-promoting– Growth-inhibiting (apoptosis)• Angiogenesis, central hemorrhage & necrosis• Loss of differentiation and increase abnormalfeatures (anaplasia)• Local invasion• Distant metastasishttp://www.med.cmu.ac.th/student/patho/Surapan/106.jpgCauses of Cancer• Exogenous causes– Cancerogenic factors(carcinogen, cancer-forming factors)– Chemicals– Physical agents– Viruses• Endogenous causes– Genetic trait, heritabilityChemical Carcinogens• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons– 3,4-Benzpyrene – tobacco – CA lung– Aflatoxin B1 – Aspergillus flavus – liver cancer• Aromatic amines– Naphthylamine – azo dyes – bladder cancer• Nitrosamines– Nitrites and nitrates – meat product – CA colon• Steroid hormones– Estrogen – supplement – endometrial cancer6
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