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3.8 conclusions 47As for the low temperature cases, in the LDR model (inred in Figure 3.16) the effective mobility turns out to beabout one half that of a perfect s-crystal (represented inblue) for the first two layers. Starting from the third layerthe mobility strongly decreases due to the mismatch betweenthe layers and, eventually, drops to zero. In the HDRcase (in green in Figure 3.16), the behavior is opposite. Infact, the strong tilt of the π − π channels in the first layersreduces the mobility, which is, though, partially recoveredfor the last two ones.Figure 3.17.: Normal mobility obtained at 300 K by approximating thethiophene rings with ellipses of eccentricity ɛ = 1.15.Figure 3.17 shows taht the effect of temperature (300 K)for both the two models is to further reduce the mobility,but preserving the overall behavior found at 1 K.3.8 conclusionsIn conclusion, the polymer crystal is highly affected atthe interface with ZnO. The 010/ZnO interface is foundto be the most favorable, with polymer thiophenes facingthe ZnO surface due to the high molecule/surface interaction.Due to disorder at the interface, polymer chains arelikely misaligned close to the ZnO surface thus reducingthe normal carrier mobility in the first layers. Holes that aregenerated at the interface are not able to diffuse throughthe polymer and, as a consequence, they likely recombinewith electrons. Similarly, excitons photogenerated withinthe polymer cannot easily move to the interface in order tobe separated.
48 polymer/semiconductor interfaceIt is important to remember that the present models havebeen obtained under ideal conditions. We expect that thermalfluctuations, or the presence of the solvent or otherchemical impurities, can further reduce the order at theinterface. The possible presence of residual solvent at theinterface will be investigate in chapter 5.Some ideas and results of this chapter can be found in[96].
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Università degli Studi di Cagliari
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A C K N O W L E D G M E N T SI woul
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example of a novel class of systems
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C O N T E N T S1 introduction 11.1
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L I S T O F F I G U R E SFigure 1.1
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List of FiguresxiiiFigure 2.15 Init
Page 16 and 17: List of FiguresxvFigure 4.6Figure 4
Page 18: Figure 5.7Figure 5.8Figure A.1Figur
Page 21 and 22: 2 introduction1-3 eV) and the trans
Page 23 and 24: 4 introductionorder in such a compl
Page 25 and 26: 6 introductionprocesses that need t
Page 27 and 28: 8 introduction1.2 physical factors
Page 29 and 30: 10 introductionrecovered by the int
Page 31 and 32: 12 introductionA cheap and environm
Page 33 and 34: 14 introductiondensed phases [63, 7
Page 36 and 37: P 3 H T - P O LY ( 3 - H E X Y LT H
Page 38 and 39: 2.1 mechanism of assembling and mor
Page 40 and 41: 2.2 p3ht assembling and intermolecu
Page 42 and 43: 2.3 p3ht crystalline bulk phases 23
Page 44 and 45: 2.5 nanocrystalline p3ht 25Figure 2
Page 46 and 47: 2.5 nanocrystalline p3ht 27Table 2.
Page 48 and 49: 2.6 conclusions 29Figure 2.13.: Ini
Page 50 and 51: P O LY M E R / S E M I C O N D U C
Page 52 and 53: 3.3 adhesion of a single p3ht molec
Page 54 and 55: 3.4 p3ht/zno interface 35surface (t
Page 56 and 57: 3.5 p3ht/zno interface: low deposit
Page 58 and 59: 3.6 p3ht/zno interface: high deposi
Page 64 and 65: 3.7 effective model for the transpo
Page 68 and 69: T E R N A RY Z N O / Z N P C / P 3
Page 70 and 71: 4.1 self assembling of znpcs on zno
Page 72 and 73: 4.2 polymer interaction with znpcs
Page 74 and 75: 4.3 electronic and optical properti
Page 76 and 77: 4.3 electronic and optical properti
Page 78 and 79: 4.4 conclusions 59ties. The absorpt
Page 80 and 81: I N T E R A C T I O N B E T W E E N
Page 82 and 83: 5.2 solvent thf interaction with zn
Page 88 and 89: 5.3 conclusions 69γ L/L ∼ 0.112
Page 90 and 91: C O N C L U S I O N SIn this thesis
Page 92 and 93: M O L E C U L A R D Y N A M I C SAa
Page 94 and 95: A.1 molecular dynamics 75a.1.2The t
Page 96 and 97: A.2 the force field 77Finally, τ t
Page 98 and 99: A.2 the force field 79Waals interac
Page 100 and 101: A.3 methods 81tional Theory (DFT) l
Page 102 and 103: B I B L I O G R A P H Y[1] http://w
Page 104 and 105: ibliography 85[17] J. D. Servaites,
Page 106 and 107: ibliography 87Zakeeruddin, and M. G
Page 108 and 109: ibliography 89Phys. Chem. Chem. Phy
Page 110 and 111: ibliography 91[65] D. J. Binks and
Page 112 and 113: ibliography 93cells,” Energy Envi
Page 114 and 115: ibliography 95[97] C. Ingrosso, A.
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ibliography 97298.15 k,” Journal
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ibliography 99charges. am1-bcc mode
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colophonThis document was typeset u
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