environmental health indicators for new zealand: feasibility study

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Comment: The indicator does not describe the actual radiation risk but the level ofcompliance with standards.4.8 Water (Drinking and Recreational) and SanitationTable 8: Water and Sanitation IndicatorsCode Indicator Availability0-2Quality1-3Usefulness1-3WatSan_P1 Waste water treatment coverage 2 2 3WatSan_S1 Exceedance of recreational water limit values for2 3 3microbiological ParametersWatSan_S2 Exceedance of WHO drinking water guidelines for2 2 3microbiological parametersWatSan_S3 Exceedance of WHO drinking water guidelines for chemical 2 2 3parametersWatSan_Ex1 Access to safe drinking water 2 3 3WatSan_Ex2 Access to adequate sanitation 1 1 1WatSan_E1 Outbreaks of water-borne diseases 2 2 3WatSan_E2 Diarrhoea morbidity in children 0 N/A 1WatSan_A1 Effective monitoring of recreational water 2 3 3WatSan_ext1 Proportion of coastal or freshwater bathing sites for2 3 3recreational use.WatSan_ext2 Mortality rate due to drowning 2 3 3WatSan_ext3 Capability of management of enclosed water generally 1 2 3available for bathingWatSan_ext4 Intensity of recreational water quality monitoring 2 3 3WatSan_ext5 Mean and percentile concentrations of selected chemical 2 3 3contaminantsWatSan_ext6 Percentage of population receiving piped water at home. 1 2 2WatSan_ext7 No. of discontinuities of public drinking water supply for > 12 1 3 2hours.WatSan_ext8 Number of cases of water borne diseases 2 2 3WatSan_ext9 Intensity of drinking water quality monitoring 2 3 3WatSan_ext10 Capability of water resources quality management 2 3 3WatSan_ext12 Good practice to drinking water management 2 3 34.8.1 Environmental IndicatorsWatSan_P1: Waste water treatment coverageAvailability: Available from ESR [from 2001] and from regional councils, Neptune, WaterIndustry NZ and the Ministry of Economic Development.Usefulness: Measures environmental load and health risk from exposure to untreated orpartially treated wastewater.Quality: Covers 95% of TLA’s; doesn’t include educational institutes, camping grounds,marae, government organisations and private institutions.WatSan_S1: Exceedance of recreational water limit values for microbiological parametersAvailability: Available from Regional Councils, who monitor beach water quality at anumber of sites throughout New Zealand, from November until March and monthly duringthe rest of the year. Data is posted on the MfE website and weekly on the relevant individualcouncil websites during the monitoring period.Usefulness: It is a measure of the microbiological quality of bathing waters.Quality: Councils use standard guidelines developed by MfE and MoH. Different councilsstarted monitoring from different time periods.Environmental Health Indicators 18 18 December 2003for New Zealand
WatSan_S1: Exceedance of WHO drinking water guidelines for microbiological parametersAvailability: Available from ESR from1991 to 2001.Usefulness: Direct measure of the safety of drinking water [microbiological]Quality: Only 87% of the population water supply is registered, hence there is noinformation on the water quality of the remaining 13%. Updated annuallyWatSan_S2: Exceedance of WHO drinking water guidelines for chemical parametersAvailability: Available from ESR from 1986 - updated approximately every five yearsUsefulness: Measure of the state of the drinking water contamination.Quality: same as WatSan_S1WatSan_Ex1: Access to safe drinking waterAvailability: Available from ESR from 1986-2001.Usefulness: Good indicator of health risk from unsafe potable water.Quality: Same as WatSan_S1.WatSan_Ex2: Access to adequate sanitationAvailability: Not routinely available but can be obtained with some effort.Usefulness: Good indicator of access to but not quality of sanitation facilitiesQuality:4.8.2 Health IndicatorsWatSan_E1: Outbreaks of water-borne diseasesAvailability: Available from EpiSurv from 1996 to 2002. The data is updated weekly andpublished monthly.Usefulness: Measure of health effects due to exposure to contaminants in water.Quality: Underreporting is common.Comment: Clearly distinguishing between water borne and food borne outbreaks can bedifficult.WatSan_E2: Diarrhoea morbidity in childrenAvailability: Not availableUsefulness: Good measure of health status of children, especially under conditions ofinadequate water or food hygiene and basic sanitation. Not envisaged to be very relevant toNZ.Quality: Not systematically collected.Comment: Alternative indicator could be the number of children notified with an entericdisease corrected for known levels of underreporting.4.8.3 Action IndicatorWatSan_A1: Effective monitoring of recreational waterAvailability: Available from MfE and regional councilsUsefulness: General measure of local authority control over bathing water safetyEnvironmental Health Indicators 19 18 December 2003for New Zealand
Page 1 and 2: ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTHINDICATORS FORN
Page 3 and 4: DISCLAIMERThis report or document (
Page 5 and 6: SUMMARYThis report was commissioned
Page 7 and 8: 2. BACKGROUNDAgenda 21 is a compreh
Page 9 and 10: 3. METHODSA standardised protocol w
Page 11 and 12: 4. FINDINGS4.1 Ambient Air QualityT
Page 13 and 14: 4.1.4 Extended Set IndicatorsAir_ex
Page 15 and 16: Usefulness: Provides a measure of t
Page 17 and 18: 4.5.2 Action IndicatorsNoise_A1: Ap
Page 19: 4.7 RadiationTable 7: Radiation Ind
Page 23 and 24: WatSan_ext11: Good practice to drin
Page 25 and 26: 4.10.1 Environmental IndicatorsChem
Page 27 and 28: Work_E3: Standardised mortality rat
Page 29 and 30: • food safety ( 100%),• water a
Page 31 and 32: 5.7 Objectives for Next PhaseThe ob
Page 33 and 34: Environmental Health Indicators 31

environmental health indicators for new zealand: feasibility study

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?