The Scottish Celtic review

;31-t TJie Laivs of Audaut in Irish.forms of the present. The form carsit in the 3rd plur. is rare.Stokes points out this veiy example (loco citato p. 43) as a laterformation. It is remarkable that the type carsat has been shownto be used also absolutely. Our explanation of this is, that thepreterite had originally only forms with secondary personal ending,and that the forms with primary personal ending came inonly gradually after the analogy of the present. The mostinteresting, however, is the 3rd pers. singular. Outwardly, ro charis related to carats neai-ly in the same way as heir is to heridbut, in regard to formation neither is ro char a form which has thecharacter of the s-preterite, nor carais a form with a primarypersonal ending. In regard to formation, carais or caris belongsrather to the class of the conjunct forms, and should be placedbeside the 2nd pers. sing, caris, like the 3rd. sing, presentof heir ( = herit) beside the 2nd sing, -hir (==heris). The 2ndsing, caris is to be traced back to a prehistoric caras-i{s) ;the3rd sing, caris to a prehistoric caras-i{t) ; cf Gr. e