The Scottish Celtic review

—312 The. Laws of Auslaut in Irish.in MoJevD Irish as heirim, with one m, but this m clearly pointsback to Tnm, since it is even now pronounced as an unaspiratednasal, and not as v. The spelling hcrimm, however, does notoccur very frequently in the Ancient Irish Glosses, as out of thehundred and twenty instances of this form quoted at pp. 429, 434and 435 of the Gramm. Celtica, a hundred are spelled vs'ith one m.Assuming our explanation of berimvi to be correct, still the unexteudedform might be found in such instances as berim, vidim, &c.This supposition is supported by the fact that the British languagesform the 1 st pers. present always with a single m, whichin Old Cymbric is preserved in w^riting, but which, at a laterperiod, became invariably an/ e.g.,0\d C'^'mbr. ranvam (partior),later curaf (amo), Z. 506. These forms are identical with Irishrannaim, caraim, only if we assume that the latter, likewise, hadoriginally only one m, viz., that of the personal termination mi.In Cymbric, the i of this termination has been lost, without even atrace remaining, like the i of the i-stems inor (sea) = Ir. inuir, givlad(regio) = Ir. Jiaith (regnnm), heul, haul (sun) = Ir. sail (eye).Original ?7i-auslaut has not been preserved in Cymbric any morethan in Irish, and therefore the to of Old Cymbr. rannam musthave had another letter after it, and that letter was just an i.The forms in -iin, -imra in Irish have been restricted to thepresent indicative, and have not penetrated into the futures norinto the preterites, in which, indeed, iu no language, the primarymi of the 1st person can be proved. In the pres. indicative, theforms in -imm have gradually taken the place of the other forms.Even as early as Old Irish, they occur not unfrequently iu thecompound verb : in the Wiirzburg Codex, for-thun, for example,occurs as well as for-chanim (praecipio). The forms in u, on theother hand, have gradually disappeared altogether. In the Mod.Ir. present, they no longer occur, and just as little in the future,in which, likewise, the so-called absolute form (e.g., carfad) hasbecome the only one. The preterite, however, has changed theold -us of the conjunct flexion into -as ; e.g., Old Ir. ro charus hasbecome in Modern Irish 7-o charas.The Old Irish showed the two ancient formations of the 1stpers. sing, active in d and d-mi differentiated in usage in apeculiar manner : Old Irish buir ( = Indogerm. bhard) was usedas 1st pers. to the 3rd pers. beir ( = Indogerm. bharat), but OldIv. heriw ( = Indogerm. bhardnii) was used as 1st pers. to the 3rd