The Scottish Celtic review

;;;;Iiido-Eii ruiiean Ihiutx. '1\Skr. root *hhil, hhavdti (to be, to exist), bhavus (origin;, 6/«m('s(rise, condition), hhufis (existence), hhihnis (earth)Zend bit (to be, to become);O. Ir. biu (I am), ro-bd (I have been), Ijcilh (to \M), = *hii.tiGr. (jtv-, vw (beget), (f>uo/j.ai (become, grow), ^i;;} (growth),(nature), ^i/to? (grown), kc;Jjeit.fu-,fiu (I have beeu),/M' (about to be), /«^i((j (to be(pva-iito exist)0. Sax. bium, A.S. beon (to be, exist, become), P-^ng. be;Goth, hauan (to dwell) ;Slav, byti (to be)Lith. bnti (to be), Indus (liuuse, Hoor).The princijjles stated and illustrated in the preceding pages willbe applied, in the next number, to the Celtic and Teutonic languages,and more especially to Gaelic and English, fur the purposeof showing their close etymological affinity.INDO-EUROPEAN ROOTS, WITH DERIVATIVES ANDANALYSIS OF GAELIC COMPOUND WORDS.We begin these articles with the liquid M, which is preservedin all the languages of the Indo-European family. The referencesare to the 3rd ed. of Fick's Vergleichendes Worterbueh derIndogermanischen Sprachen, to the 4th ed. of Curtius' Grundzligeder Griechischen Etymologic, and to the 2nd ed. of Zeuss'(irammatica Celtica.1. Indo-Europ. root ma, md, man (to measure, build, shape).Cf Tick's Wort. i. 164.To the root 77ia belong iomhus (measure), mieasajTa (temperate),and several other Gaelic words noticed below under expandedforms of this root. Tomhas (=0. Gael. Umiiui) is referred byStokes to a base *do-fo-mens-\(, the root mens being an extendedform of me = ma. Measarra = 0. Gael, mcsurda from miens.Cf Beit. viii. 339.To the same root belong also Skr. root md (to measure), md-tra-vi(measure, measure of time, matter), md-iar (measurer), tnd-na-in(measure), md-na-s (building) ; Zend md (measure, make) ;Gr.fte in fxe-Tpo-v (measure), fierp-io-i (measured, proper) ; Lat. metare