The Scottish Celtic review

Stiulies i)i Gaelic Grammar— the Particle Ann. 299stand, I exist) = ad-fifo = ad-stao. Tit nml atn are tlius shownto signify radically existence connected with locdlitij, and, therefore,they take tlie prep, ann or an after them, wlien the predicateis a suhstantive-noun ; as, " ta " or " tha e an Dun-Eidin " (he isill Edinburgh), " ta e au daorsa " (he is in bondage), " ta e aninicheist" (he is in anxiety).(2) When the predicate denotes a (juality or attribute of thesubject, ta and ata do not take the prep, ann or an after them ;as " ata e fuar " (he is cold), " ata e saoibhir " (he is rich), " ata efoghluimte " (he is learned). A quality exists in the subject, notthe subject in a quality ; and, therefore, the preposition of localityis not applicable when the predicate is an adjective.(3) When the predicate is an appellative denoting somethingwhich belongs to the subject, this limitation of the general termis indicated by placing before it the poss. pron. belonging to theTiominative ; as, " ata e 'na thaigh " (he is in his house), " ata e'na bhita" (he is in his boat), "ata e 'na sheasamh" (he is standing,lit., he is in his standing, i.e., he is in his posture of standing)," ata e 'na chodal " (he is asleep, lit., he is in his sleep), " ata e 'nashlainte " (he is in health, lit., he is in his health), " ata e 'nachabhaig " (he is in haste, lit., lie is in Ids haste), " ata e 'nasheanaois" (he is in his old age), " ata e 'na Ian neart " (he is in his fullstrength), " ata e 'na chiall " (he is in his sen.ses, lit., in his senseor judgment), "ata e 'na eigin " (he is in need, lit., he is in hisneed).In these expressions, the localit}', posture, state, or conditionin which the subject exists is expressed generally by theappellative tai(jh (house), buta (boat), seasamh (standing), codal(sleep), slainte (health), cuhhaij (haste), sean-aois (old age), Wiineart (full strength), ciull (sense), or e'igin (need), as the case maybe, whilst the poss. pron. limits the ai)plication of the generalterm to a particular instance of that which is denoted by it, viz.,that which belongs to the subject.Thus, for example, the subjectis in the locality which is denoted generally by the appellativehouse, and particidarly by the restricted definition his house ; orhe is in the state which is defined (jeneralbj by the term haste and'particularly by the words his haste, or the haste which is peculiarto him.(-t) Precisely the same formula is used to express actual existencein any state, relation, [)ositiou, or office in which one may beat any time. But as actual existence is a concrete thing, the