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The Scottish Celtic review

The Scottish Celtic review The Scottish Celtic review

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—;232 Studies in Gaelic Gramtnar— the Particle Ann.It may be noticed here that Lat. ihi and Eng. tltere, to whichann corresponds in meaning, are, likewise, old locatives, theformer from the dem. stem i, and the latter from the Indo-Europ.base ta (he, that).2. Ann (in) = Old Gael, inn, hid, connected by Stokes withLat. indu, an archaic form of the prep, in (in). Ann is, therefore,etymologically as well as in meaning identical with an (in),the regular modern form of the Old Gael. prep, in (in), cognatewith Lat. in, Gr. evl, Skr. an- in antar (inside), Goth., A.S., andEng. in.The prep, ann or an governs the dative when rest in a place issignified, as in " tha e a muigh " (he is outside) ; but when motiontowards a place is implied, as in " chaidh e a mach " (he went out),it governs the accusative. " A onuigh " = am muigh = Old Gael.imniaig (foris) or immuig-in + maig, the prep, in and maig ormuig dat. of mag (a plain), now ma.gh. A mach = am mach =Old Gael, immach (foras) = in + mach, the prep, in and mach ace.of magh. The ch of mach is accounted for by the infection ofvowel-flanked g. In a muigh and a mach, n of the prepositioncoalesces with m of the following word.3. Ann (in him, in it) is the modern form of Old Gael. i7id(the prep, in with pron. ace. sufi'. of 3rd pers. masc. and neut.) Inthe Celtic dialects, pronominal suffixes are joined to certain prepositionsso as to form one word ; as domh (to me) = Old Gael.dom = do + m, the prep, do (to) cognate with Eng. to, and -m thesuff. of the 1st pers. pron. sing., cognate with Skr. ma, Gr. efxeLat. me, Goth, mi-k, Eng. me ; art (upon me) = Old Gael. fo7't=for-t, the prep. /or (upon) cognate with Skr. upan (adv. above),Gr. virep, Lat. super, Goth. u,far (above), Eng. over, and -t = suff.of 2nd pers. pron. sing., cognate with Skr. stem tva, Gr. re fortFe, Dor. Til, Lat. iu, Goth, thu, Eng, thou; eadarainn (betweenus) = Old Gael. etrunn==etr + unn = eter-unn, the prep, eter (between)cognate with Lat. inter, and the suff. -unn, -un, or -n ofthe 1st pers. pron. plur., cognate with Skr. nas, Lat. nos, fee. Theprep, for has last original p(cf. Gael, suan and Gr. vttvo?), andthe prep, inter has lost n before t (cf Old Gael, cdt = Lat. cent-um).The words formed by joining the pron. pers. suffixes to theprep, in or ind are :iiulhirn (in me), modern form annam1st pers. sing,2nd „ „ innut (iu thee), „ „ aunad

;:;;;—;Studieti in Gaelic Grummur— Ulc Particle Ann. 2333rd pers. sing. masc. and neut. dat. ind'nl (in him, in it);„ „ „ feni. dat. indi (in her)„ „ „ niasc. and neut. ace. ind„ „ „ fem. ace. iniel.st „ plur. indiunn (in us), modern iorni amutinn ;2nd „ „ inclib {in you), „ „ annalhhSrd „ „ dat indih (in them)„ „ „ ace. intiu, „ „ annta.These forms show that Old Gael, ind- becomes ann- in themodern language, i before n becoming a as in the art. int = MoA.an t- (cf intech = Mod. Gael, an t-each, the horse), and in theinterrog. particle mi = Mod. Gael, an, whilst nd becomes n7i, as ineland (children) = Mod. Gael, clann (connected by Dr. Stokeswith Lat. planta), crand (tree) = Mod. Gael crann, (cognate withLat. quernus), and ce^id (head) = Mod. Gael, ceann (connected byDr. Windisch with the root gvi, to swell). The regular modernform, therefore, of ind (in him, in it) is ann (in him, in it ; intohim, into it), which is thus shown to be a different word fromann (there, then), of which the ancient form is and.Keeping, therefore, in view that three distinct words in OldGaelic, viz., the pron. adv. and, the prep, in of which ind isanother form^ and the prep. pron. ind, have assumed the sameform ann in Mod. Gaelic, we shall proceed to give an analysisof Stewart's examples of the use of ann. These examples hedivides into three classes (cf Gramm., pp. 136, 137):I. Examples of ann signifying in1. " Anns an tigh " (in the house) = ann (in) + san (the)+ tigh (house).Ann = Old Gael, inn, ind, cognate with Lat. indu as above.San is the dat. sing, of the art. an = sind = * sanda, cognatewith Skr. dem. pron. ana (this), fcc.Tigh is the dat. sing, of te(i,ch (house) = Old Gael. neut. s-stemtech=teg, cognate with Lat. tego (I cover), Gr. ariyw (I cover),a-Ttyrj and riyt] (roof), Lith. utegiu, (I cover), Skr. root sthag (tocover), isthagdmi (I cover), Indo-Europ. root stag (to cover, tothatch), Teut. root stak, whence thalc (roof), O.H.G. dcliju (I cover),A.S. thaec (thatch), Eng. dec]^ and thatch. The ch ottech has arisenfrom infected g. Tigh {taigh properly in Scottish Gaelic) is now—u.sed as a nominative alongside of teach.

—;232 Studies in Gaelic Gramtnar— the Particle Ann.It may be noticed here that Lat. ihi and Eng. tltere, to whichann corresponds in meaning, are, likewise, old locatives, theformer from the dem. stem i, and the latter from the Indo-Europ.base ta (he, that).2. Ann (in) = Old Gael, inn, hid, connected by Stokes withLat. indu, an archaic form of the prep, in (in). Ann is, therefore,etymologically as well as in meaning identical with an (in),the regular modern form of the Old Gael. prep, in (in), cognatewith Lat. in, Gr. evl, Skr. an- in antar (inside), Goth., A.S., andEng. in.<strong>The</strong> prep, ann or an governs the dative when rest in a place issignified, as in " tha e a muigh " (he is outside) ; but when motiontowards a place is implied, as in " chaidh e a mach " (he went out),it governs the accusative. " A onuigh " = am muigh = Old Gael.imniaig (foris) or immuig-in + maig, the prep, in and maig ormuig dat. of mag (a plain), now ma.gh. A mach = am mach =Old Gael, immach (foras) = in + mach, the prep, in and mach ace.of magh. <strong>The</strong> ch of mach is accounted for by the infection ofvowel-flanked g. In a muigh and a mach, n of the prepositioncoalesces with m of the following word.3. Ann (in him, in it) is the modern form of Old Gael. i7id(the prep, in with pron. ace. sufi'. of 3rd pers. masc. and neut.) Inthe <strong>Celtic</strong> dialects, pronominal suffixes are joined to certain prepositionsso as to form one word ; as domh (to me) = Old Gael.dom = do + m, the prep, do (to) cognate with Eng. to, and -m thesuff. of the 1st pers. pron. sing., cognate with Skr. ma, Gr. efxeLat. me, Goth, mi-k, Eng. me ; art (upon me) = Old Gael. fo7't=for-t, the prep. /or (upon) cognate with Skr. upan (adv. above),Gr. virep, Lat. super, Goth. u,far (above), Eng. over, and -t = suff.of 2nd pers. pron. sing., cognate with Skr. stem tva, Gr. re fortFe, Dor. Til, Lat. iu, Goth, thu, Eng, thou; eadarainn (betweenus) = Old Gael. etrunn==etr + unn = eter-unn, the prep, eter (between)cognate with Lat. inter, and the suff. -unn, -un, or -n ofthe 1st pers. pron. plur., cognate with Skr. nas, Lat. nos, fee. <strong>The</strong>prep, for has last original p(cf. Gael, suan and Gr. vttvo?), andthe prep, inter has lost n before t (cf Old Gael, cdt = Lat. cent-um).<strong>The</strong> words formed by joining the pron. pers. suffixes to theprep, in or ind are :iiulhirn (in me), modern form annam1st pers. sing,2nd „ „ innut (iu thee), „ „ aunad

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