The Scottish Celtic review

228 Comparative Grammar— the Gaelic Numerals.cal with Gr. Skt- in 6ktw and Lat. vet- in octo, -oi and -o agreeingwith -du in Skr. ashtdu (from as/^ia^n, = Indo-Europ. aktan),while Gael, oct-n has retained the original nasal termination.Other cognate forms are Zend astan, Lith. asztimi, Ch.-Slav.osviX, Goth, ahtau (with h for c = /,:), O.H.G. ahta, A.S. eahta-, Eng.eigf/ii. The -ar- in octavus agrees with dit in Skr. aslitau.The Welsh is w7/f/i = 01d W. oith = oct = *octan. The Corn, is^//t and the Arm. eiz.The original 7i- auslaut is preserved in Old Gaelic before wordsheginning with a medial or a vowel; as in ocht ncsjwic dec (eighteenbishops), ocht mhiaxfai (eight beasts).9. Naoi (nine).Iiaoi = Old Gael, noi = n6i-n = *novin, which agrees with Lat.novem for novim. (cf. Schleicher's Compend., p. 482). The ludo-Europ. base is navan, whence Skr. navan., Zend navan, Gr. eweafrom *i'€fuv (with prothetic e and doubling of v auslaut), Goth.niun {= *niuni from *nivan-i = *navan-i), Ice. mm { = niun},O.H.G. niun, whence N.H.G. neun, O.Sax. nigun {= nijun =niun corresponding to Goth, niun), Eng. nine. Cf. Schleicher'sCompend. p. 482, and Helfenstein's Comp. Gramm., p. 227.The Brit, forms are :—Old Welsh naii,, naiu, mod. naiv, Corn.naw, Arm. nau, mod. nao.10. Beich (ten).I)cich = 0\d Gael, deich-n = * decin (cf. deich mhai,ten cows),which agrees with Lat. decern = *decim (cf Schleicher's Compend.,p. 483), Gr. SiKa. The Indo-Europ. base is daka.n, to which maybe referred Skr. and Zend, damn (with s for k), Lith. d^szim-tis,Slav, clestei {^*dakan-ti), Goth taihun, O.H.G. zehan (= *tihan),N.H.G. zehen, zehn, Ice. tiu, Old Sax. tehan, A.S. ten, Eng. ten.Beich, like secht, ocht, and ndi, has preserved in Old Gaelic theoriginal nasal auslaut before the medials and vowels.The Brit, forms are :—Old Welsh dec, now deg, Corn, dec, deg.Arm. dec, mod. cleg.11-19. The numerals from eleven to nineteen inclusive areformed by adding deug, deag, or diag to the digits; as aon deugor a h-aon deug (eleven), a dhd dlieug, (twelve), tri deug (thirteen),&c. When a substantive is used, it is placed between thedigits &x\d.deug; as aoit fhear deug (eleven men), dd fhear dheug(twelve men), tri fir dheug (thirteen men), &c. In Welsh, thesenumbers are expressed by using the prep, ar (on, in addition to)