The Scottish Celtic review

—;;; ; ;;; ;Tedd of IJti/mulotjical Ajjinttij. 9Saxon origin. To return Id our former example, the representativeof Lat. C(t [lut must be sought for among genuine Englishwoi'ds. The English word for caput is head : are caput and headalso etymologically related ? They have no resemblance to eachother in form; but, nevertheless, they may have sprung from acommon root, for it has been proved that words derived from acommon source may differ so widely in form as not to have oneletter in common. To ascertain whether or not these words arecognates, we must first trace them to their oldest existing forms.Thus, head can be traced to the Anglo-Saxon forms heafd, heafod,and even to an older related form, the Gothic hauhith. By comparingthese forms with caput we discover that, instead of thetenues or hard mutes, c, ^), t, of the Latin word, the Teutonic wordshave the corresponding breaths, h,f{b), th (d). But although oneinstance may suggest, it does not prove a general law. This mustrest upon cases sufficiently numerous to justify us in inferringa rule which will apply universally. If, however, we multiply ourinstances, similar results will be obtained, as may be seen from thefollowing comparisons :Lat. capio (I take) and Goth, hafjan (to lift), A.S. hefan, Eng.heave ;Lat. carpo (I pick, gather fruits) and A. S. haerfcst, Eng.harvestLat. celo (I conceal) and Goth, huljan (to veil), A.S. helan,Eng. hele and hill (to conceal)Lat. clhio, inclino (I bend, incline) and Goth. Mains (a hill), A.S. hlynian (to lean), Eng. {h)leanLat. cor (heart; stem cord- = Gr. stem KapS-, KpuS-) and Goth.hairto, A.S. heorte, Eng. /teari ;Lat. cornu (horn) and Goth, haurn, A.S. and Eng. horn ;Lat. decern (ten) and Goth, taihun, A.S. tyn, Eng. tenLat. jMter (father) and Goth, fadar, A.S. faeder, Eng. fatherLat. pes (foot ; stem ped- — Gr. stem ttoo-) and Goth, fdtus,A.S. fut, Eng. footLat. dens (tooth ; stem dent- = Gr. stem -coin--) and Goth.twnthiis, A.S. toth, Eng. toothLat. tepeo (to be warm, to glow) and A.S. thfjian (to rage)Lat. tego (to cover) and A.S. theccan (to cover) and thac (thatch),Eng. thack and thatch ;Lat. frater (brother) and Goth, hrofliar, A.S. hrddhor, Eng.brother.