The Scottish Celtic review
The Scottish Celtic review The Scottish Celtic review
—106 The Laws of Auslaut in Irish.may be explained by reference to Gr. w.Here come imder consideration:1. The dat. sing, of the fem. stems in d. The original di passingthrough the intermediate stages of ei, d, had become i in prehistorictime.Itpenetrated into the preceding syllable, and disappearedaltogether in the last syllable.E.g., tucdth (nom. tuath, people), for prehistoric tut-i = Goth.thiudai ; Idim (nom. Idm, hand), for prehistoric (p)ldm-i = Gr.TraXafii] ; froich (nom. froech, erica,), for prehistoric vroic-i = Gr.epeiK}]. The original vocalic auslaut of this form is shown by theaspiration after it, e.g., ina Idim chli (in his left hand). As anOld Gaulish dative of this kind, Stokes regards (Beitr. ii. 103)Bij\>]crant (Belesama is the Gaulish Minerva). C£, however,Becker in Beitr. iii. 353, 354. On i in an Old Gaulish dative ofthis kind, see H. d'Arbois de Jubainville in Rev. Celt., i. 326.2. The dat. sing of the mas. and neut. a-stems. The originaldi, passing through 61, 6, had become u in prehistoric time. Itpenetrated before it was dropped into the preceding syllable, exceptwhen that syllable contained a long vowel or a diphthong.In Mod. Irish, it has wholly disappeared.E.g., Old Ir. fiur, for prehistoric vir-u = Lat. viro ; eoch, forprehistoric eq-o = Lat. eqito ; blufh (dissyllabic), for prehistorichivat-u = Gr. ^i6tm. The original vocalic auslaut of this case isshown by the aspiration after it; e.g., on mud chctna (eodemmodo). As Old Gaulish forms of this kind are regarded ALISANV,ANVALONXAGV (cf. Stokes in Beitr. zur Vergl. Spr. ii. 103;Becker, ibid. iii. 189).That the Irish dative, not only as to meaning, but also as toform, may be a mixed case, I have remarked under B. XI. 9.(The firet and second " Excursus " added by Professor Windisch to the abovearticle will appear in our next number.)GAELIC AND ENGLISH; oe, THE AFFINITY OF THECELTIC AND TEUTONIC LANGUAGES.(Continued from f. 21).We intend to give in this article illustrations of the affinity ofthe Celtic and Teutonic languages, and more especially of Gaelicand English, as shown by the application of the general principlesof etymology stated in the opening article of our first number.
;Gaelic ainl Englifilt. 107We begin with the Celtic tenuis c, which, according to Giiinm'sLaw, corresponds to /;, (sometimes g) in the Teutonic languages.To facilitate reference, the examples are arranged alphabetically,words with initial c being placed first, whilst words with c in themiddle or at the end are put in a separate list. A few doubtfulexamples, which, however, are pointed out as such, are included ;but most of the Gaelic words comjDared are genuine Celtic words.It is necessary to keep in view that it is only the fact, and notthe precise degree, of relationship of the Celtic and Teutoniclanguages we are dealing with in these articles. The positionof Celtic in the Indo-European family of languages will beconsidered in separate articles.I. Words beginning with c.1. Cach, gach, and ivho ?Click (the rest, others ; = 0. Gael, cdch) and gach (each, ever}'= 0. Gael, each) are cognate with Skr. ka- in ka-s (who), Gr. ko-( = TTO-) in Kore for TroVe (when), Tro-repoi (which of two), Lat.quo- in quod, -que in uter-que, Lith. kd-s (who), Goth, hvcc-s(who), A.S. hwa, 0. Eng. hxbxi, Eng. wlio.Gael, each and cach are reduplicated forms from the root ca =Indo-Europ. kcL Cdch = W\ paup, Mod. W. poh, Corn, pop, ptip,pep, Mod. Corn, py. Arm. peb.2. Cacht and haft.Cacht (a maid-servant, a bond-woman), if not borrowed from,is cognate with Lat. capta, from cajiio (I take). The latter viewhas been maintained by Windisch, who refers (Beitr. viii. 17) cachtand Goth, hafts to a common base kapta. If this view be correct,the combination cht represents an original iH, as in secht(seven) and necht (grand-daughter). CcLpio is connected withGr. Kunrt] (handle), Goth, hafja (I lift), hafts (joined together). Ice.haft-r (one who is taken, a prisoner), Germ, heft (that whichis taken hold of, a handle), A.S. haeft (a handle). Mid. Eng. heft,haft, Mod. Eng. haft. The root is kap (to take, seize, bind).Cacht = W. caeth (a slave, a captive). Corn, caeih (a captive),Arm. kez, keaz (miserable).3. Cai, cearclach, and home.Cai (a house) is given in the Highland Society's Dictionary,but it is not used in the spoken Gaelic of Scotland. It forms,however, the second syllable of cearclach (a smithy) = 0. Gael.cerdcha and ccrdd-chae, of which cerd- is connected with Lat. cerdo
- Page 66 and 67: 56 Analysis of Patrick's Hymn.Croch
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- Page 104 and 105: —^•iTIte Laivs of Auslaut in Ir
- Page 106 and 107: ni9G Tlie Laws of Auxlaat in Iridi.
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- Page 126 and 127: 116 The Mioileartach.that word. Of
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—106 <strong>The</strong> Laws of Auslaut in Irish.may be explained by reference to Gr. w.Here come imder consideration:1. <strong>The</strong> dat. sing, of the fem. stems in d. <strong>The</strong> original di passingthrough the intermediate stages of ei, d, had become i in prehistorictime.Itpenetrated into the preceding syllable, and disappearedaltogether in the last syllable.E.g., tucdth (nom. tuath, people), for prehistoric tut-i = Goth.thiudai ; Idim (nom. Idm, hand), for prehistoric (p)ldm-i = Gr.TraXafii] ; froich (nom. froech, erica,), for prehistoric vroic-i = Gr.epeiK}]. <strong>The</strong> original vocalic auslaut of this form is shown by theaspiration after it, e.g., ina Idim chli (in his left hand). As anOld Gaulish dative of this kind, Stokes regards (Beitr. ii. 103)Bij\>]crant (Belesama is the Gaulish Minerva). C£, however,Becker in Beitr. iii. 353, 354. On i in an Old Gaulish dative ofthis kind, see H. d'Arbois de Jubainville in Rev. Celt., i. 326.2. <strong>The</strong> dat. sing of the mas. and neut. a-stems. <strong>The</strong> originaldi, passing through 61, 6, had become u in prehistoric time. Itpenetrated before it was dropped into the preceding syllable, exceptwhen that syllable contained a long vowel or a diphthong.In Mod. Irish, it has wholly disappeared.E.g., Old Ir. fiur, for prehistoric vir-u = Lat. viro ; eoch, forprehistoric eq-o = Lat. eqito ; blufh (dissyllabic), for prehistorichivat-u = Gr. ^i6tm. <strong>The</strong> original vocalic auslaut of this case isshown by the aspiration after it; e.g., on mud chctna (eodemmodo). As Old Gaulish forms of this kind are regarded ALISANV,ANVALONXAGV (cf. Stokes in Beitr. zur Vergl. Spr. ii. 103;Becker, ibid. iii. 189).That the Irish dative, not only as to meaning, but also as toform, may be a mixed case, I have remarked under B. XI. 9.(<strong>The</strong> firet and second " Excursus " added by Professor Windisch to the abovearticle will appear in our next number.)GAELIC AND ENGLISH; oe, THE AFFINITY OF THECELTIC AND TEUTONIC LANGUAGES.(Continued from f. 21).We intend to give in this article illustrations of the affinity ofthe <strong>Celtic</strong> and Teutonic languages, and more especially of Gaelicand English, as shown by the application of the general principlesof etymology stated in the opening article of our first number.
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