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Architecture and Algorithms for Real-Time Mobility Management 53rate is less than 1. This ensures that a processor is not used at its full capacity whileothers are unused.3.2.2 Registration AlgorithmThe registration procedure is a task running on the HA with the highest priority. Itcan preempt any other mobility management task for a given user. For example, duringa tunneling procedure, if a registration request is received for the same user, thetunneling process will be delayed until the registration is done. The different stages ofthe algorithm are described as follow.1. MN sends a registration request to the HA.2. HA verifies IF a task other than the registration is in process for the same user.IF yes THEN the task is preempted by the registration task.3. HA sends a response to the MN.4. IF request accepted THEN registration procedure done ELSE MN retries UNTILrequest accepted.3.2.3 Discovery AlgorithmThe discovery algorithm introduces also the notion of priority in a real-time environmentand it is based on the lifetime expiration and the ranging. The discovery procedurehas the second highest priority. The different steps are described as follow.1. IF first time startup THEN MN sends a broadcast advertisement.2. FAs verify if no higher priority task is being executed for the same MN.IF yes THEN delay discovery process UNTIL high-priority task execution is done.3. FAs send responses back to MN.4. MN chooses FA with most strong signal strength and records the lifetime, the careof-addressand the FA’s IP address.5. IF lifetime expires or the MN starts going out of range (wick signal strength)THEN send registration request to Foreign Agents in the MN’s local database.IF no FA responds back THEN broadcast a discovery advertisement message.6. REPEAT steps 2 through 4 UNTIL registration succeed.7. IF registration succeeds THEN MN sends new location information to HA forlocation update.3.2.4 Routing and Tunneling AlgorithmThe new routing and tunneling algorithm also introduces the notion of priority in areal-time environment. This procedure has the lowest priority. Thus, during a tunnelingprocedure, if a registration procedure is received for the same user, the locationprocedure will be suspended until the registration is done. The steps of the algorithmare the following:1. HA receives data for an MN.2. HA verifies if a registration request is made for the same user.IF yes THEN HA suspends tunneling process until registration is done.3. IF MN in local network THEN delivered packets using normal IP packets deliveryprocedure ELSE forward packets to MN via its current FA.
54 M. Diha and S. Pierre3.3 Performance AnalysisThe performance analysis is based on the CMR (Call-to-Mobility Ratio). The CMR isthe average number of messages send to a user divided by the average number ofnetworks or subnets visited by the user in a given time stamp. The goal of the CMRanalysis is to determine the ratio by which the proposed model reduces the locationupdate and the tunneling times.CMRλ=µWhere λ is the average number of messages send to a user and µ the average numberof subnets or networks visited by the user between two consecutives messages.We define the following parameters to compare the CMR in the Mobile IP and theproposed models:U cost for location update procedure execution in the Mobile IP model;L cost for tunneling procedure execution in Mobile IP model;u cost for location update procedure execution in the proposed model;l cost for tunneling procedure execution in the proposed model;T cost to cross a boundary between two subnets;U MIPtotal cost for the location update procedure in Mobile IP model;L MIPtotal cost for tunneling procedure execution in Mobile IP model;C MIPtotal cost for location update and tunneling procedures execution in MobileIP model;U PROPtotal cost for location update procedure in the proposed model;total cost for tunneling procedure execution in the proposed model;L PROPC PROPtotal cost for location update and tunneling procedures execution in the proposedmodel.The total costs are obtained as follows:U MIP=UCMR(1)(2)UCMIP = UMIP+ LMIP+ T = + L + TCMRCU PROP=uCMRu= UPROP+ LPROPT = + l + TCMRPROP+(3)(4)(5)
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2
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Samuel Pierre Michel BarbeauEvangel
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PrefaceAd Hoc Networks are wireless
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Program CommitteeG. Alonso, ETHZ, S
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XTable of ContentsResisting Malicio
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Towards Adaptive WLAN Frequency Man
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3BerlinHeidelbergNew YorkHong KongL
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Series EditorsGerhard Goos, Karlsru
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Organizing CommitteeConference Co-c
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Table of ContentsSpace-Time Routing
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Author IndexAlonso, G. 104Bachir, A
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