Education, Employment and Earnings of Secondary School-Leavers ...

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Table 4 (Cont’d)SelectionCorrection Term∧-0.057(0.118)-0.082(0.114)-0.093(0.108)-0.150(0.113)0.699 0.684 0.659 0.626σPseudo-R 2 0.106 0.114 0.132 0.156RESET ~ χ 2 0.214 2.267 1.154 1.4963(0.975) (0.519) (0.764)Homoscedasticity ~ 40.706***χ 2 (0.000)kNormality~ χ 2 22.348(0.309)46.869***(0.000)6.361**(0.042)37.551***(0.000)3.417(0.181)(0.683)61.601***(0.000)4.774*(0.092)Observations 402 402 402 402Notes to table 4:(a) The earnings measure relates to current monthly income.(b) The lower and upper bounds used in estimation expressed in Tanzanian shillings (000s) are [-∞, 50],[50,100],[100,150],[150,200], [200,250], [250,300],[300,400], [400,+∞]. The natural logarithms of the finite intervalboundaries were used in specifying the model’s likelihood function.(c) The reported estimates are based on the maximum likelihood procedure. The estimated standard errorsreported in parentheses are based on the Huber (1967) adjustment.(d) ***,** and * denote statistical significance at the 1%, 5% and 10% level respectively using two-tailed tests.(e) § denotes not applicable in estimation for given model.(f) For the heteroscedasticity test the degrees of freedom are k and are determined by the number of variables ineach specification.(g) The values in parentheses beneath the diagnostic test values are the significance levels of the tests.37
Table 5: Interval Regression Estimates for Earnings Equation – Self-employedVariables (1) (2) (3) (4)Constant 11.709***(0.331)Cohort_90 -0.223(0.220)Male 0.195(0.191)Muslim -0.066(0.174)Human Capital:Senior Secondary 0.024(0.199)University 0.831**(0.352)0.007(0.005)Training(months)Wage Employment(months)Current Job Tenure(months)Job Location:Dar-es-Salaam 0.066(0.211)0.021***(0.007)0.009**(0.004)Dodoma -0.180(0.252)Self-EmploymentType:Employs at least oneemployeeParentalBackground:Father – SecondaryEducation11.557***(0.352)-0.240(0.222)0.225(0.193)-0.069(0.172)0.085(0.205)0.790*(0.349)0.006(0.006)0.022***(0.006)0.009***(0.003)0.092(0.211)-0.176(0.253)§ 0.256(0.161)11.546***(0.356)-0.229(0.224)0.227(0.192)-0.089(0.174)0.051(0.206)0.724*(0.381)0.005(0.006)0.023***(0.006)0.009***(0.003)0.080(0.210)-0.208(0.254)0.218(0.161)§ § 0.078(0.164)11.745***(0.428)-0.183(0.215)0.235(0.228)-0.159(0.170)0.093(0.202)0.661***(0.370)0.004(0.005)0.020***(0.007)0.007**(0.003)-0.049(0.261)-0.397(0.286)0.161(0.160)-0.016(0.169)Father – Higher§ § 0.393Education(0.303)School Effects: No No No Yes0.300(0.286)38
Page 1 and 2: Education, Employment and Earnings
Page 3 and 4: The structure of the paper can now
Page 5 and 6: Despite large absolute increases in
Page 7 and 8: nine studies reviewed for sub-Sahar
Page 9 and 10: It should be noted, however, that e
Page 11 and 12: history, current activity and incom
Page 13 and 14: In order to understand how the mode
Page 16 and 17: freedom for this test. In regard to
Page 18 and 19: where φ(·) denotes the probabilit
Page 20 and 21: 5.1 Earnings Equation - The Employe
Page 22 and 23: 4.8% per annum in the first three s
Page 24 and 25: confirm to some extent that unobser
Page 26 and 27: The ceteris paribus earnings for th
Page 28 and 29: [Table 7]The rate of return for a u
Page 30 and 31: 6. ConclusionsA key finding of our
Page 32 and 33: that the rates of return to educati
Page 34 and 35: Knight, J.B. and Sabot, R.H. (1981)
Page 36 and 37: Table 1: Highest level of education
Page 40 and 41: Table 5 (cont’d)Selection Correct
Page 42 and 43: Table A1: Variable DescriptionVaria

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