Recovery From Schizophrenia: Psychiatry And Political Economy

NOTES 339Washington, DC: House of Representatives, March 1986, Committee Publicationnumber 101–711.57 Ibid.58 Levy, C.J., “For mentally ill, death and misery,” New York Times, April 28, 2002,pp. 1 & 34–6; Levy, C.J., “Here, life is squalor and chaos,” New York Times, April29, 2002, pp. A1 & A26–7; Levy, C.J., “Voiceless, defenseless and a source of cash,”New York Times, April 30, 2002, pp. A1 & A28–9; Levy, C.J., “Inquiries start onconditions in homes for the mentally ill,” New York Times, May 1, 2002, pp. A1 &C18.59 US Department of Health and Human Services, Toward a National Plan, Part 2, p.19. Minkoff, K., “A map of the chronic mental patient,” in J.A.Talbott (ed.), TheChronic Mental Patient, Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1978,pp. 18–19.60 Colorado General Assembly, The Placement and Utilization of Mental Health Services byMedicaid Clients in Nursing Homes and Alternative Care Facilities: Report to the JointBudget Committee, Denver: 2001, p. 16.61 Levy, C.J., “Mentally ill and locked away in nursing homes in New York,” NewYork Times, October 6, 2002, pp. 1 & 29. The reference is to p. 29.62 Ibid., p. 29.63 Keith et al., “Schizophrenic disorders,” p. 37.64 US Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2001, p. 117.65 The number of Americans with schizophrenia is calculated from a one-yearprevalence estimate of 6.3 per 1,000 of the United States population over age 18 inthe 2000 US Census. The prevalence estimate is the average of one-year and pointprevalence figures for Europe and North America in Warner, R. and de Girolamo,G., Epidemiology of Mental Disorders and Psychosocial Problems: Schizophrenia, Geneva:World Health Organization, 1995. This estimate is similar to the figure derived bythe US National Comorbidity Study, but less than the rate derived by theEpidemiologic Catchment Area Study that, as Warner and de Girolamo have shown,was inflated for technical reasons. Lifetime prevalence estimates will yield a highernumber of people with schizophrenia, but here we are concerned with active casesof schizophrenia and the lower point or one-year prevalence rate is moreappropriate.66 Binder, R.L., “The use of seclusion on an inpatient crisis intervention unit,”Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 30:266–9, 1979.67 Wadeson, J. and Carpenter, W.T., “The impact of the seclusion room experience,”Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 163:318–28, 1976.68 Telintelo, S., Kuhlman, T.L. and Winget, C., “A study of the use of restraint in apsychiatric emergency room,” Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 34:164–5, 1983.69 Sologg, P.H., “Behavioral precipitants of restraint in the modern milieu,”Comprehensive Psychiatry, 19:179–84, 1978, p. 182.70 Mattson, M.R. and Sacks, M.H., “Seclusion: Uses and complications,” AmericanJournal of Psychiatry, 135:1210–13, 1978, p. 1211.71 Colorado Bar Association Report, pp. 9–107. Subsequently, conditions at the twoColorado State Hospitals have substantially improved.72 “In Your Community,” radio program in the series “Breakdown,” produced atSeven Oaks Productions, Boulder, Colorado, by R.Warner and K.Kindle.73 Anonymous, “On being diagnosed schizophrenic,” Schizophrenia Bulletin, 3:4, 1977.