NOTES 33133 World Health Organization, <strong>Schizophrenia</strong>: An International Follow-up Study,Chichester, England: Wiley, 1979.34 Jablensky, A., Sartorius, N., Ernberg, G. et al., “<strong>Schizophrenia</strong>: Manifestations,incidence and course in different cultures: A World Health Organization tencountrystudy,” Psychological Medicine, supplement 20, 1992.35 Hopper, K., and Wanderling, J., “Revisiting the developed versus developingcountry distinction in course and outcome in schizophrenia: Results from ISoS, theWHO collaborative follow-up project,” <strong>Schizophrenia</strong> Bulletin, 26:835–6, 2000.36 Harris, M., Culture, Man and Nature: An Introduction to General Anthropology, NewYork: Thomas Y.Crowell, 1971, p. 480.37 Lambo, T., “The importance of cultural factors in psychiatric treatment,” in I.AlIssaand W.Dennis (eds), Cross-Cultural Studies of Behavior, New York: Holt, Rinehart &Winston, 1970, pp. 548–52.38 World Health Organization, <strong>Schizophrenia</strong>, p. 104.39 Ran, “Natural course of schizophrenia.”40 Wing, J.K., “The social context of schizophrenia,” American Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>,135:1333–9, 1978.41 World Health Organization, <strong>Schizophrenia</strong>, p. 104.42 Sahlins, M., Stone Age Economics, Chicago: Aldine-Atherton, 1972, pp. 63–4; Neff,W.S., World and Human Behavior, Chicago: Aldine, 1968; Sharp, L., “People withoutpolitics,” in V.F.Ray (ed.), Systems of <strong>Political</strong> Control and Bureaucracy in HumanSocieties, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1958, p. 6.43 Lee, R.E., The !Kung San; Men, Women and Work in a Foraging Society, New York:Cambridge University Press, 1979.44 Richards, A.I., Land, Labour and Diet in Northern Rhodesia, London: OxfordUniversity Press, 1961, appendix E; Guillard J., “Essai de mesure de 1’activité d’unpaysan Africain: Le Toupouri,” L’Agronomie Tropicale, 13:415–28, 1958. Both worksare cited in Sahlins, Stone Age Economics, pp. 62–4.45 Eyer, J. and Sterling, P., “Stress-related mortality and social organization,” TheReview of Radical <strong>Political</strong> Economics, 9:1–44 1977, p. 15.46 Fei, H. and Chang, C., Earthbound China: A Study of Rural <strong>Economy</strong> in Yunnan,Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1945, pp. 30–4, 145; Eyer and Sterling,“Stress-related mortality,” p. 15.47 Sahlins, Stone Age Economics, ch. 2.48 Chayanov, A.V., The Theory of Peasant <strong>Economy</strong>, Homewood, Illinois: Richard D.Irwin, 1966, p. 77, cited in Sahlins, Stone Age Economics, p. 89.49 Richards, Land, Labour and Diet, p. 402; Douglas, M., “Lele economy as comparedwith the Bushong,” in G.Dalton and P.Bohannen (eds), Markets in Africa, Evanston,Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 1962, p. 231, cited in Sahlins, Stone AgeEconomics, pp. 52–4.50 Linn, J.F., Cities in the Developing World: Policies for Their Equitable and EfficientGrowth, New York: World Bank/Oxford University Press, 1983, pp. 36–42;Squire, L., Employment Policy in Developing Countries, New York: World Bank/Oxford University Press, 1981, pp. 66–75, 83–90.51 World Health Organization, <strong>Schizophrenia</strong>, ch. 10.52 Doyal, L., The <strong>Political</strong> <strong>Economy</strong> of Health, Boston: South End Press, 1981, pp. 112–13; Fortes and Mayer, “Psychosis among the Tallensi.” World Health Organization,<strong>Schizophrenia</strong>, pp. 271, 283.
332 NOTES54 Squire, Employment Policy in Developing Countries, p. 71.55 World Health Organization, <strong>Schizophrenia</strong>, p. 283.56 Ibid., pp. 287–8.57 McGoodwin, J.R., “No matter how we asked them, they convinced us that theysuffer,” Human Organization, 37:378–83, 1978.58 Paul, B.D., “Mental disorder and self-regulating processes in culture: A Guatemalanillustration,” in R.Hunt (ed.), Personalities and Cultures: Readings in PsychologicalAnthropology, Garden City, New York: Natural History Press, 1967.59 Gelfand, M., “Psychiatric disorders as recognized by the Shona,” in A.Kiev (ed.),Magic, Faith and Healing, New York: Free Press, 1964, pp. 156–73. Collomb,“Bouffées délirantes en psychiatrie Africaine,” p. 30.61 Rogler, L.H. and Hollingshead, A.B., Trapped: Families and <strong>Schizophrenia</strong>, NewYork: Wiley, 1965, p. 254.62 Erinosho, O.A. and Ayonrinde, A., “Educational background and attitude tomental illness among the Yoruba in Nigeria,” Human Relations, 34:1–12, 1981.63 D’Arcy, C. and Brockman, J., “Changing public recognition of psychiatricsymptoms? Blackfoot revisited,” Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 17:302–10,1976.64 Ibid.65 Binitie, A.O., “Attitude of educated Nigerians to psychiatric illness,” ActaPsychiatrica Scandinavica, 46:391–8, 1970.66 Colson, A.C. “The perception of abnormality in a Malay village,” in N.N.Wagnerand E.Tan (eds), Psychological Problems and Treatment in Malaysia, Kuala Lumpar:University of Malaya Press, 1971.67 Leff, J., <strong>Psychiatry</strong> Around the Globe: A Transcultural View, New York: MarcelDekker, 1981, p. 19.68 Westermeyer and Wintrob,“‘Folk’ diagnosis in rural Laos;” Westermeyer, J. andKroll, J., “Violence and mental illness in a peasant society: Characteristics of violentbehaviors and ‘folk’ use of restraints,” British Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 133: 529–41,1978.69 Edgerton, R.B., “Conceptions of psychosis in four East African societies,” AmericanAnthropologist, 68:408–25, 1966.70 Edgerton, R.B., The Individual in Cultural Adaptation, Berkeley: University ofCalifornia Press, 1971, p. 188.71 Edgerton, “Psychosis in four East African societies.”72 Ibid., p. 417.73 Makanjuola, “The DSM-III concepts of schizophrenic disorder.”74 Mojtabai, R., Varma, V.K., Malhotra, S., et al., “Mortality and long-term course inschizophrenia with a poor 2-year course,” British Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 178: 71–5,2001.75 Rin and Lin, “Mental illness among Formosan aborigines.”76 Waxler, N.E., “Is mental illness cured in traditional societies? A theoretical analysis,”Culture, Medicine and <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 1:233–53, 1977, p. 242.77 World Health Organization, <strong>Schizophrenia</strong>, p. 105.Levy, J.E., Neutra, R. and Parker, D., “Life careers of Navajo epileptics andconvulsive hysterics,” Social Science and Medicine, 13:53–66, 1979.79 Sontag, S., Illness as Metaphor, New York: Vintage Books, 1979.
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Recovery from SchizophreniaRecovery
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First edition published 1985by Rout
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ContentsAcknowledgments viIntroduct
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devotion to excellence in creating
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ixA NOTE ON THEORYThe materialist t
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Part IBackground
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Table 3.3 Recovery rates in the USA
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25 patients, and on the more distur
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Part IIITreatment
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ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS: USE, ABUSE AND
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TREATMENT 247indicated, unemploymen
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TREATMENT 249success, for the lodge
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TREATMENT 251vocational programming
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SUBJECT INDEX 385diagnosis of 148;d
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SUBJECT INDEX 399volition disturban