Session K.pdf - Clarkson University

consequences of the blocked up turbine gratings, organization of the heating supply (hotwater, steam and others).Organization of ice-protected walls (like on the Volkhov and Nizhne-Svirskaya waterpower plants) played their own role in protection from the ice but did not give the realresults in the struggle with the ice inside of water and with shuga. The pump settlingbasins which were widely used on mountain rivers (The Chiriksky cascade of the waterpower plants in Central Asia) also did not give the real results in settling and passing ofshuga.Worked up the system for the heating of turbine gratings (direct electric power throughthe pivots, inductive method for the heating of pivots and others ). Was shown thelimited possibility of this systems but anyway they were projecting and installing evenduring the second constructing period of water power plants. So, for example, on theKuibyshevskaya water power plant (as on the V.I.Lenin Volzskaya water power plant)which was opened for exploitation in 1960-s the originally designed system for theheating of gratings later was removed out of the structure.The rich experience was received on power engineering systems located in the North-West part of Russia during all this time (on the Leningrad, Karelia and the Colapeninsula power engineering systems). The Volkhov water power plant several timeswas stopped from the blocking up of turbine gratings with the shuga .After that theupper sections of construction were removed out of the structure for the heating process.Today this problem completely solved by using of the intensive complete freezingwhich was realized by removal of water power plant out of the daily head regulationwith deducing of discharges (speeds of the stream).After that the ice inside of water cancome to the surface and organize the complete freezing forming process. All thisinformation was shown in instructions for exploitation of the hydraulic engineeringstructures. Establishment of the ice cover in reservoirs and waterways as one of themost effective (active) action was used in the first winter period of the water powerplant exploitation. Later this method was widely used in all exploiting system of thewater power plants. But some mistakes of the operating personnel in using of this actionreduced to the hard accidents. As a good example of that was a situation on the Niva-2water power plant which belongs to the Kolenergo power engineering system. Forinstallation of the complete freezing was used the wooden pivots in the waterway. Laterthe wooden pivots under loading oscillations was moved with an ice to the water intakestructure and completely blocked up the waterway. The solving of this problem on theNiva-2 water power plant was founded in 1960-s when the large enough Kolenergopower engineering system was formed.Was determinated that absolutely possible to avoid of the ice forming inside of water inwaterway by the growing of speed of the stream and by cutting off the time of coolingprocess of enough “hot” water which was taken by the Niva-1 water power plant fromreservoir of the lake of Imandra. This method also was used on the Sevano-Rozdanskycascade of water power plants in Armenia.On the second step of construction of water power plants in the Soviet Union (postWorld War II period in 1960-s and 1970-s) usually were constructed the middle sizeand the large size water power plants on the Volga and Dniper rivers as in Kazhakhstanand in Siberia with large reservoirs and high enough dams (more than 20 meters high).The problems which was connected with the ice forming inside of water and with333