ICT-supported end user participation in creative and ... - It.civil.aau.dk

were different requirements on placement of thereception depending on if it was watched from theentrance or from the inside of the entrance hall.The function of the reception related to todayand future expected functionality was further discussedin the Functional Building Systems Consolidation(FCON) space. Revised solutions wereevaluated and discussed in the SOL space. See alsoFigures 3–4.A special VR-Wii solution was developed atRambøll providing the users a simple and cost efficientway to navigate in the virtual buildings solutionsin the SOL space. See Figure 5.A particular user group was early established totake care of end user needs in connection with interiorsand facilities in meeting spaces and commonlocations. In this case VIC-MET was used late inthe process involving a choice of specific furnitureand their placements. Solutions were presented inboth virtual and real settings in the existing office.The main activities took place in the FCON andSOL spaces. Special regards to possibilities forhousing both social and more private meetingswere studied in the café space. See Figure 6.4.2 The Arkitema headquarter caseThe Arkitema office project started in 2005. Thekick-off procedure and early workshops from thiswork gave fruitful input to the VIC-MET development.An intentional focus in the office design wasFigure 4. Entrance alternative 2 in the new RambollHead Office.Figure 5. A special VR-Wii solution was developed atRamboll.Figure 6. The combined café and meeting space at thenew Ramboll Head Office.Figure 3. Entrance alternative 1 in the new RambollHead Office.to keep the design activities on a high abstractionlevel with focus on common values, needs andfunctional building performance. User involvementprocedures for the VIC-MET were set-upand evaluated for the office space design case.108

Figure 7. Video documentation of design, evaluationactivities in the SOL space at the Panorama VRMediaLabAalborg University.Figure 8. Use of symbols in the virtual building officespace to evaluate placements of privileged meetingplaces in the Panorama respectively Cave at the AalborgUniversity.Alternative solutions were partly changedand evaluated in the Panorama and Cave at theVRMediaLab at Aalborg University. It was concludedthat it was feasible to make real timechanges, annotations, and to store different solutions.It was also concluded that is very importantto work on a uniform abstraction level, dependenton design context and user skills. See Figures 7–8.4.3 Late Brain Injury Center caseFinally VIC-MET was assessed in connection withdesign of a Late Brain Injury Center includingpatient housing, training facilities and Living Labfacilities for Aalborg University. See Figure 9. Inthis case the architect for a first alternative presentationcompiled the end users needs and wishes.The architect leads the walk-through for a broad(15 persons) end-user representation of clients,patient relatives, AE design team, nurses, and universityLiving Lab researchers. Feed-back fromFigure 9. User Involvement in the design of The LateBrain Injury Center Frederikshavn Denmark. VIC-METdevelopment support.evaluations in the SOL space were used as inputto the architect for further iteration and alternativeevaluations.5 ConclusionsThe VIC-MET was developed to support userparticipation in innovative and creative buildingdesign. The method supports user involvement inevery phase of the construction process and with aunique setup depending on design context.VIC-MET has validated the need for enhancedmethods to involve end-users in a collaborative/participative creative and innovative buildingdesign process. The industry partners also appreciatethe development, enhancement and extensionof existing methods for user involvement in thebuilding process.The VIC-MET will support a future moreperformance based design process and developmentof ontologies to better describe functional buildingsystems. See also (Christianson et al. 2009b).109

ReferencesBeyer, H. & Holtzblatt, K. 1998. Contextual Design.Defining Customer-Centered Systems. San Francisco:Morgan Kauf- mann Publishers.Brandt, E., Johansson, M. & Messerter, J. (2005). “TheDesign Lab: Re-thinking What to design and How toDesign”. (pp. 34–43). Design Spaces (2005). Edited byThomas Binder, Maria Hekkström. IT Press. EditaPublishing Ltd, Finland. 203 p.Christiansson, P., Sørensen, K.B., Rødtness, M.,Abrahamsen, M., Ostenfeld, L.R. & Alsdorf, M.2008. User driven innovation in the building process.Journal of Tsinghua University-Science and Technology.Elsevier. Volume 13. Number S1. October 2008.ISSN 1007-0214 40/67. CN 11-3745/N, CODENTSTEF7. Elsevier. (pp. 248–254).Christiansson, P., Sørensen, K.B., Steffensen, K.G. &Svidt, K. 2009a. User driven innovative buildingdesign. Proceedings of the CIB W78, 26th InternationalConference on ‘Managing IT in Construction’.CRC Press, Balkema. October 1–3 2009, IstanbulTechnical University. ISBN 978-0-415-56744-2 (hbk),ISBN: 978-203-85978-o (eBook) (pp. 333–340).Christiansson, P., Svidt, K. & Sørensen, B. 2009b. Futureintegrated design environments, Journal of InformationTechnology in Construction (ITcon), Vol. 14,Special Issue Next Generation Construction IT: TechnologyForesight, Future Studies, Roadmapping, andScenario Planning, pp. 445–460, http://www.itcon.org/2009/29Gero, J.S. & Maher, M.L. Modelling Creativity andKnowledge-Based Creative Design. Hillsdale,New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1993.Novak, J.D. & Cañas, A.J. 2006. “The Theory UnderlyingConcept Maps and How to Construct and UseThem”, Technical Report IHMC CmapTools, FloridaInstitute for Human and Machine Cognition.Pittaway, L., Robertson, M., Munir, K., Denyer, D. &Neely, A. (2004). Networking and innovation: a systematicreview of the evidence. International Journalof Management Reviews, 5/6, 137–168.Rogers, E.M. (2003). Diffusion of Innovations, New York,Free Press.Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizong Innovation. USA: MITPress, 2005.110