Report on Harmonisation of freshwater biological methods

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6. Some countries (Cyprus, Latvia, Finland and Slovenia) employ internationalstandard methods for the determination of chlorophyll, a number of other countriesmake use of national standardized methods (Germany and France), and the rest referto several different published methods. Some countries gave no reference to themethod employed.Table 1. Chlorophyll determination methods in the different countries within GIGs.GIG/CountryATDEExtraction Measurement Referencesethanol 2 or ethanol and acetone 3ALPINEfluorimetricspectrophotometric or DIN 384 12-L 16HPLC (since 1999)ES methanol (100 %) 4 spectrophotometric Parsons and Strickland (1965)FRAFNORIT acetone (90%) spectrophotometricSLmethanol spectrophotometric SIST ISO 10260:2001 -modifiedATLANTICIE boiling methanol spectrophotometricUKcold acetone (100%) or hot methanolspectrophotometric(90%)BALTICEE ethanol (96%) spectrophotometric Jeffrey and Humphrey (1975)PL acetone spectrophotometricLV ethanol spectrophotometric ISO 10260:1992LTspectrophotometricCENTRALBEacetone (90%) spectrophotometric Golterman et al.(1978),Strickland and Parsons (1968)ethanol (90%)DIN 38 412, modified byDENusch (1980); or Stricklandand Parsons (1972)NL ethanol (80 %) at 75oC spectrophotometricPL acetone spectrophotometricacetone (90%) 5 or cold acetone spectrophotometric Golterman et al.(1978),UK (100%) or hot methanol (90%)Strickland and Parsons (1968);or Phillips and Kerrison (1991)EASTERN CONTINENTALHU methanol Wolfe-Murphy et al (1991)MEDITERRANEANacetone (90%) buffered spectrophotometric Standard Methods for theCYexamination of Water andWaste waterESmethanol 6 or acetone (90%) 7 or spectrophotometric Strickland and Parsons (1968)metanol (100 %) 8 or Talling and Driver (1963)2 With spectrophotometric determination.3 With HPLC determination.4 Golterman et al. (1978)5 Strickland and Parsons (1968) or Phillips and Kerrison (1991)6 Strickland and Parsons (1968)48
IT 90% acetone spectrophotometricPT acetone spectrophotometric Lorenzen (1967)NORTHERNNO 100% methanol spectrophotometricIE boiling methanolUKcold acetone (100% or hot methanol spectrophotometric HMSO (1980)(90% methanol); acetone)FIN spectrophotometric ISO 10260:1992SEspectrophotometricPHYTOPLANKTON7. Most countries include in their biological monitoring systems some metric forphytoplankton, as shown in Figure 6. The lowest number of lakes for whichphytoplankton is monitored is in the NO GIG (54%), in all other GIGs at least 60% ofthe lakes are monitored for phytoplankton. A possible explanation for a smallerpercentage of lakes with phytoplankton data in the Northern GIG could be amonitoring strategy targeted to identify acidification impacts and for whichchlorophyll a is less used.Percentage determining phytoplankton by GIG1008060%40200AL AT BA CE EC ME NOFigure 6. Percentage measuring phytoplankton within the GIGs.8. Lake sampling frequency is variable but in most GIGs, and for most lakes is 2-12times per year (Fig.7), and spring and summer as the most common sampling seasons(Fig. 8).7 Spectrophotometric determination8 Talling and Driver (1963)49
Page 1 and 2: Institute for Environment and Susta
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTSBackground and purpose of t
Page 5 and 6: Background and purpose of the docum
Page 7 and 8: States and candidate countries. Inf
Page 9 and 10: classification, each of these being
Page 11 and 12: BIOLOGICAL QUALITY ELEMENT: PHYTOPL
Page 13 and 14: indicators, species lists, frequenc
Page 15 and 16: 53. The identification and enumerat
Page 17 and 18: 64. In general, this technique is t
Page 19 and 20: RIVER BIOLOGICAL QUALITY ELEMENT: F
Page 21 and 22: 84. The development of specific sta
Page 23 and 24: practice guides for identification
Page 25 and 26: 100. The information received from
Page 27 and 28: Evaluation of the suitability of cu
Page 29 and 30: group should update its primary fin
Page 31 and 32: ReferencesAFNOR (Association Franç
Page 33 and 34: EN ISO 8689-2 Water quality - Biolo
Page 35 and 36: Lazaridou-Dimitriadou, M., C. Kouko
Page 37 and 38: Shannon, C.E. and W. Weaver, 1949.
Page 39: Annex I: Composition of the Geograp
Page 43 and 44: Annex III: River biological assessm
Page 45 and 46: Annex IV: Analysis of lake biologic
Page 47: Number of sampling stations10080%60
Page 51 and 52: 10. The sampling depth and volume s
Page 53 and 54: PTESFIIE5667-2/98 Romanianstandardi
Page 55 and 56: Sampling stations%1008060402001 2-1
Page 57 and 58: MACROPHYTES16. The aquatic Macrophy
Page 59 and 60: Plants sampled per GIG1008060%40Eme
Page 61 and 62: NO qualitativ method species number
Page 63 and 64: indicators, species lists, frequenc
Page 65 and 66: 26. The sampling frequency is varia
Page 67: CEN/TC 230/WG 2/ TG 4 N28, 2 nd wor
Page 70 and 71: programs are based only on the diat
Page 72 and 73: 21. Some countries like France, Est
Page 74 and 75: Table 1. European methods for monit
Page 76 and 77: countries also covers Non-EU Member
Page 78 and 79: 49. The Danish Stream Fauna Index i
Page 80 and 81: Hungary58. Since 2002 a modificatio
Page 82 and 83: Acidification Index, based on the s
Page 84 and 85: Identification is predominantly to
Page 86 and 87: size of the net range between 250 t
Page 88 and 89: water bug genus (Aphelocheirus) and
Page 90 and 91: Table 5. Common abundance classific
Page 92 and 93: 108. Process Assessment focuses on
Page 94 and 95: Austria120. MuLFA: Ecological Integ
Page 96 and 97: Sweden126. Swedish fish Index: Appe
Page 98 and 99:
ut comparisons have been made with
Page 100 and 101:
seasons for sampling are summer and
Page 102 and 103:
102
Page 104 and 105:
Consultation open to ECOSTAT &inter
Page 106 and 107:
Table 1. List of European standards
Page 108 and 109:
108
Page 110 and 111:
development of typologySweden Yes,
Page 112 and 113:
one or other option depends on the
Page 114 and 115:
114
Page 116 and 117:
• An integrated holistic evaluati
Page 118 and 119:
• Phytoplankton: Yes; Clorophyll
Page 120 and 121:
• Macroalgae: No• Benthic inver
Page 122 and 123:
• Macrophytes: No• Macroalgae:
Page 124:
Mission of the JRCThe mission of th
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Report on Harmonisation of freshwater biological methods

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