Report on Harmonisation of freshwater biological methods

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an estimate of phytobbenthos community composition and an estimate of theirabundance.BIOLOGICAL QUALITY ELEMENT: MACROPHYTES32. The aquatic Macrophytes are widely used in the biological monitoring systems ofthe AT, BA and CE GIGs and less in all other GIGs.33. Sampling occurs mostly between 2 and 6 times per year, during the summer orother vegetation period, in a variable number of sampling stations (1 to 20) in eachlake. In the AL, AT, BA and ME GIGs all emergent, floating and submerged plantsare sampled. In contrast in the CE and NO GIGs not all countries sample the threegroups of plants.34. Macrophytes communities’ composition and abundance are recorded from visualinspections in the field from the shore. In cases when the whole lake is monitored thisis done by boat. In most countries the plants are identified to species and abundanceand/or diversity determined.BIOLOGICAL QUALITY ELEMENT: BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES35. The percentage of lakes for which benthic invertebrates are sampled within theGIGs is for part most below 40%, with exception of AT and CE.36. Sampling frequency is variable between GIGs, the most common frequencies are1 or 2-6 times per year, and occurs mostly in spring and summer but in the AL andNO GIGs it is performed all year round.37. A wide number of sampling approaches and metrics are used. The collection ofsamples is performed by several different devices: grab, Eckman skip, stickingcylinder, triangle bottom scraper and hand net. The mesh size varies widely from100µm to 670µm. When kick sampling is used time (1-3 minutes), mesh size (100-670µm) and habitat sampled are different. (littoral in general or stones only). Somecountries sampled in lake littoral, other the profundal and some in both lake zones.Only 2 countries have informed to make use of international sampling standardmethods. These standards are currently under revision.38. Every country uses a different combination of metrics, the following metrics areeither used alone or in combination: abundance and relative abundance, diversity12
indicators, species lists, frequency of occurrence of individual taxa, number of taxa,group ratios, average score per taxa, biotic score, biotic integrity index, saprobicindex, average score per taxon and ratio of littoral to profundal taxa.BIOLOGICAL QUALITY ELEMENT: FISH39. Most countries do not use fish in their biological monitoring and assessmentprogrammes. The higher number of lakes sampled for fish is found in the BA, CE andNO GIGs.40. The sampling frequency is variable generally 2-12 times per year with summerand autumn as the most common sampling seasons.41. A total of 13 countries are sampling fishes in lakes using a total of 7 differentapproaches, either alone or in combination, for gathering information: net fishing(gillnets and trammel net), electrofishing, hydroacoustics, catch statistics, informationfrom anglers and historic data. The majority of the countries determine speciescomposition, some the native species and or functional group ratios. Fish abundanceis determined as total biomass, relative biomass (CPUE), either for the whole fishcommunity per species, and as density. The age structure or size structure isdetermined in only two countries.B. River42. A more detailed comparison of river methods can be found in Annex V.BIOLOGICAL QUALITY ELEMENT: PHYTOPLANKTON43. The overview of the river phytoplankton monitoring systems includes theapproaches of 4 national methods. There is great heterogeneity in terms of thesampling and metrics estimated. Sampling frequency vary from weekly at some sitesto every five years.44. The level of taxonomic resolution used in all the assessment methodologies basedon river phytoplankton is the species or genus. Absolute or relative abundance isdetermined in all 4 methods, while biomass is determined by two countries.45. Three different categories of assessment methods were identified in this review:biotic indices, assemblage/community assessment and multimetric indices.13
Page 1 and 2: Institute for Environment and Susta
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTSBackground and purpose of t
Page 5 and 6: Background and purpose of the docum
Page 7 and 8: States and candidate countries. Inf
Page 9 and 10: classification, each of these being
Page 11: BIOLOGICAL QUALITY ELEMENT: PHYTOPL
Page 15 and 16: 53. The identification and enumerat
Page 17 and 18: 64. In general, this technique is t
Page 19 and 20: RIVER BIOLOGICAL QUALITY ELEMENT: F
Page 21 and 22: 84. The development of specific sta
Page 23 and 24: practice guides for identification
Page 25 and 26: 100. The information received from
Page 27 and 28: Evaluation of the suitability of cu
Page 29 and 30: group should update its primary fin
Page 31 and 32: ReferencesAFNOR (Association Franç
Page 33 and 34: EN ISO 8689-2 Water quality - Biolo
Page 35 and 36: Lazaridou-Dimitriadou, M., C. Kouko
Page 37 and 38: Shannon, C.E. and W. Weaver, 1949.
Page 39: Annex I: Composition of the Geograp
Page 43 and 44: Annex III: River biological assessm
Page 45 and 46: Annex IV: Analysis of lake biologic
Page 47 and 48: Number of sampling stations10080%60
Page 49 and 50: IT 90% acetone spectrophotometricPT
Page 51 and 52: 10. The sampling depth and volume s
Page 53 and 54: PTESFIIE5667-2/98 Romanianstandardi
Page 55 and 56: Sampling stations%1008060402001 2-1
Page 57 and 58: MACROPHYTES16. The aquatic Macrophy
Page 59 and 60: Plants sampled per GIG1008060%40Eme
Page 61 and 62: NO qualitativ method species number
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indicators, species lists, frequenc
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26. The sampling frequency is varia
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CEN/TC 230/WG 2/ TG 4 N28, 2 nd wor
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programs are based only on the diat
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21. Some countries like France, Est
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Table 1. European methods for monit
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countries also covers Non-EU Member
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49. The Danish Stream Fauna Index i
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Hungary58. Since 2002 a modificatio
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Acidification Index, based on the s
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Identification is predominantly to
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size of the net range between 250 t
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water bug genus (Aphelocheirus) and
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Table 5. Common abundance classific
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108. Process Assessment focuses on
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Austria120. MuLFA: Ecological Integ
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Sweden126. Swedish fish Index: Appe
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ut comparisons have been made with
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seasons for sampling are summer and
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102
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Consultation open to ECOSTAT &inter
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Table 1. List of European standards
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108
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development of typologySweden Yes,
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one or other option depends on the
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114
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• An integrated holistic evaluati
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• Phytoplankton: Yes; Clorophyll
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• Macroalgae: No• Benthic inver
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• Macrophytes: No• Macroalgae:
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Mission of the JRCThe mission of th
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Report on Harmonisation of freshwater biological methods

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