The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary

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C. The resultant Judgment of YHWH, vv. 8-301. Series of woes, vv. 8-232. Judgment, vv. 24-30a. natural, v. 25b. invader, vv. 26-30WORD AND PHRASE STUDYNASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 2:11The word which Isaiah the son of Amoz saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem.2:1 It is uncertain why Isaiah’s messages are described as1. vision, 1:1; 29:7 (BDB 302, cf. Micah 3:6)2. he saw, 1:1; 2:1; 13:1; 26:11; 33:17; 48:6; 57:8 (cf. Micah 1:1)This is the mystery of revelation. It comes in different ways to different biblical authors (visions,dreams, theophanies, words, etc.). Moderns do not know how much freedom the individual writers(authors, editors, compilers) had to structure and present God’s message. They obviously used theirown language skills and vocabularies. Even without a full and complete understanding of the wayrevelation works, the concept is crucial! These are God’s messages given through a historicallyconditioned person, to a particular time and group, yet they are relevant for all people in all times! Thekey for a proper interpretation is that the intent of an original inspired author must be the criteria forinterpretation (one meaning but many significances/applications).NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 2:2-4Now it will come about that2In the last daysThe mountain of the house of the LORDWill be established as the chief of the mountains,And will be raised above the hills;And all the nations will stream to it.3And many peoples will come and say,"Come, let us go up to the mountain of the LORD,To the house of the God of Jacob;That He may teach us concerning His waysAnd that we may walk in His paths."For the law will go forth from ZionAnd the word of the LORD from Jerusalem.4And He will judge between the nations,And will render decisions for many peoples;And they will hammer their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks.Nation will not lift up sword against nation,And never again will they learn war.2:2-4 This brief paragraph summarizes the OT perspective on the place and purpose of the covenantpeople (similar to Micah 4:1-5). They were to be a light to the nations (cf. 51:4,5; Luke 24:47)! See theSpecial Topic at 1:3.41
2:2 “In the last days” This phrase refers to the future horizon of the particular biblical writer (see G. B.Caird, The Language and Imagery of the Bible, chapter 14, “The Language of Eschatology,” pp. 243-271). It denoted a time of fulfillment of God’s purposes.1. the Messianic kingdom, Gen. 49:1 (esp. 49:10); Num. 24:14-25 (esp. 24:17); Isa. 2:2; Jer.48:47; 49:39; Ezek. 38:8,162. Israel’s rebellion, Deut. 31:293. Israel’s return to YHWH in repentance and faith, Deut. 4:30; Hos. 3:5; Jer. 23:19-22 (esp.23:20)4. an end-time attack on the covenant people, Ezek. 38:16; Dan. 2:28; 10:14 (possibly Psalm 2)5. exile, Amos 4:2Only context can clarify which period. Be careful of your systematic theology!SPECIAL TOPIC: THIS AGE AND THE AGE TO COMEThe OT prophets viewed the future as an extension of the present. For them the future will be arestoration of geographical Israel. However, even they saw it as a new day (cf. Isa. 65:17; 66:22). Withthe continued willful rejection of YHWH by the descendants of Abraham (even after the exile) a newparadigm developed in Jewish intertestamental apocalyptic literature (i.e., I Enoch, IV Ezra, II Baruch).These writings begin to distinguish between two ages: a current evil age dominated by Satan and acoming age of righteousness dominated by the Spirit and inaugurated by the Messiah (often a dynamicwarrior).In this area of theology (eschatology) there is an obvious development. Theologians call this“progressive revelation.” The NT affirms this new cosmic reality of two ages (i.e., a temporal dualism).Jesus Paul HebrewsMatthew 12:32 Romans 12:2 1:2Matthew13:22,29 I Cor. 1:20; 2:6,8; 3:18 6:5Mark 10:30 II Cor. 4:4 11:3Luke 16:8 Galatians 1:4Luke 18:30 Eph. 1:21; 2:1,7; 6:12Luke 20:34-35 I Timothy 6:17II Timothy 4:10Titus 2:12In NT theology these two Jewish ages have been overlapped because of the unexpected andoverlooked predictions of the two comings of the Messiah. The incarnation of Jesus fulfilled the OTprophecies of the inauguration of the new age (Dan. 2:44-45). However, the OT also saw His coming asJudge and Conqueror, yet He came at first as the Suffering Servant (cf. Isaiah 53), humble and meek (cf.Zechariah 9:9). He will return in power just as the OT predicted (cf. Revelation 19). This two-stagefulfillment caused the Kingdom to be present (inaugurated), but future (not fully consummated). This isthe NT tension of the already, but not yet!} “The mountain of the house of the LORD” This refers to the temple located on Mt. Moriah inJerusalem. It was the place of centralized worship of YHWH (the place He caused His name to dwell,cf. Deut. 12:5,11,14,18,21,26; 14:25; 15:20; 16:2,6,11,15; 17:8,10; 18:6; 26:2; 31:11).The NIV Study Bible (pp. 962-3) comments how common in Isaiah is the theme of the mountain ofthe Lord where all the nations come in the last days (cf. 11:9; 27:13; 56:7; 57:13; 65:25; 66:20).In a sense this elevation of Mt. Zion (i.e., Jerusalem, the site of the temple of YHWH) is depictedin Canaanite myth (cf. NIDOTTE, vol. 4, pp. 1314-1321). For the Canaanites the gods dwelt on Mt.42
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YOU CAN UNDERSTAND THE BIBLEISAIAH:
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Isaiah 26 .........................
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Elder, II John 1 ..................
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The Hebrew text used is Biblia Hebr
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II.Aspects of PredicationA. VERBSTh
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should clearly grasp, not so much t
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c. something which is possible or e
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Page 17 and 18: A. The New King James Version (NKJV
Page 19 and 20: B. I believe the Bible was written
Page 21 and 22: . contemporary word usagec. genre3.
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Page 25 and 26: 4. ambiguous textsAlthough the Engl
Page 27 and 28: 2. by chronology3. by events which
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Page 34 and 35: IX.MAIN TRUTHSA. Isaiah held Judah
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Page 44 and 45: incapable of appropriate action (cf
Page 46 and 47: Here is a good quote to conclude th
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Page 52 and 53: 2. other sexual sins, Lev. 18:26,27
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Page 60 and 61: NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 1:24-2624There
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Page 92 and 93: SPECIAL TOPIC: THE TWO BOOKS OF GOD
Page 96 and 97: BRIEF OUTLINEA. The Parabolic Song,
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Page 102 and 103: them spiritual ears and eyes (cf. D
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SPECIAL TOPIC: HOLYI. Old Testament
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12The LORD has removed men far away
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} “Send me” The VERB “send”
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} “Whose stump remains when it is
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3. Third paragraph4. Etc.BACKGROUND
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} “Shear-jashub” This is Isaiah
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} “from the LORD your God” It i
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7:18 “In that day” “That day
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ISAIAH 8PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MODE
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8:1 “Take for yourself a large ta
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4. Huldah was a prophetess whom Kin
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Even the king of Assyria and all hi
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55:8-11; Ps. 33:11). God needs nor
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III.C. Paul uses the concept of a
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The second NOUN, “spiritists” (
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Read the chapter in one sitting. Id
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Because of the desert between Mesop
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 9:8-128The Lor
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19By the fury of the LORD of hosts
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following the original author’s i
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10:6 “a godless nation. . .the pe
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Or like a rod lifting him who is no
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27So it will be in that day, that h
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10:33 The second half of this verse
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2. Second paragraph3. Third paragra
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a. counsel, BDB 420b. strength, BDB
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The fatling would have sacrificial
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(2) Mark 10:41(3) Luke 14:31; 15:8;
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ISAIAH 12PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MOD
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} “although You were angry with m
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WORD AND PHRASE STUDYNASB (UPDATED)
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13:2 This describes the gathering o
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6. little ones dashed to pieces in
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2. The concept of a personal archen
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} “Jacob. . .Israel” These two
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happened, and just as I have planne
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14:12 “How you have fallen from h
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Loss of descendants was seen as a g
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DISCUSSION QUESTIONSThis is a study
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSLocations Mentio
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15:2 “Dibon. . .Nebo. . .Medeba
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16:2 Moab is described as1. fleeing
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12So it will come about when Moab p
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} “the remnant of Syria” This p
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SPECIAL TOPIC: FERTILITY WORSHIP OF
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 17:12-1412Alas
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3All you inhabitants of the world a
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However, this context could be unde
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In this text the people claimed to
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7. purified the water at Marah, Exo
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 19:16-1716In t
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} “a Savior and a Champion” In
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6. sparing Jerusalem from Assyria,
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3. Third paragraph4. Etc.CONTEXTUAL
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21:3-4 The prophet describes the ef
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 21:11-1211The
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ased on certain word plays or key w
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This same area may have been filled
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22:15-19 This describes YHWH’s ju
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1. Gen. 15:6 - Abram’s personal e
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2. load will be cut down (BDB 154,
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. This condemna
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2. the palace, temple, and fortress
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23:10 The rival maritime empire of
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23:17-18 The riches of Phoenicia wi
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BACKGROUND STUDYA. Isaiah 24-27 for
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6. completely despoiled, v. 3, BDB
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Peshitta “shall be destroyed”LX
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} “As the shaking of an olive tre
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angels who have aided in either the
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4. You have made a city into a heap
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}NASBNKJV, PeshittaNRSVTEV, NJBREB
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25:9 “in that day” This refers
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6. “spread out,” BDB 831, KB 97
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VIII. “His words”A. BDB 202 - D
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NJB, REB “we invoke your name”L
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 26:20-2120Come
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. This is the c
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27:4-5 There are several COHORTATIV
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} “by driving them away” The He
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DISCUSSION QUESTIONSThis is a study
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following the original author’s i
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Notice how the LORD’S agent is ch
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For morning after morning it will p
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28:16 This verse is a shocking chan
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29This also comes from the LORD of
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. The Jewish St
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Thus the multitude of all the natio
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This was accomplished by1. blob of
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 29:22-2422Ther
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. LutroÇ, “to release”(1) to r
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} “rebellious children” This ti
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Prophesy illusions.11Get out of the
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. see not, BDB 906, KB 1157, negate
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 30:1818Therefo
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2. good crops, v. 23a. rich (BDB 20
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JB“will be battered”LXX, Peshit
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B. The Anchor Bible has an interest
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} “the LORD of hosts come down”
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} “whose fire. . .furnace” This
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. Chapters 31-3
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12Beat your breasts for the pleasan
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NJB “Ophel” (BDB 779), a sectio
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l. eternity everlasting(1) I Kgs. 8
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all people are honored and treated
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} “locusts” Locust invasions we
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33:13 “You who are far away. . .y
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3. or bothIn v. 17, both “your ey
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B. Because there is a double space
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34:4 This hyperbolic language relat
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NKJV “night creature”NRSV, NJB
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1. seek, BDB 205, KB 233, Qal IMPER
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. fear not, BDB 431, KB 432, Qal IM
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36:2 “And the king of Assyria sen
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36:7 “whose high places and whose
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2. Arpad was a city in northern Syr
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1. First paragraph2. Second paragra
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} “I will make him fall by the sw
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37:19 The truth of v. 18 is seen to
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II.3. Model Prayer, Matt. 6:5-13; L
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C. Other aspects1. Perseverancea. L
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translation. The term can have eith
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 38:4-64Then th
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} “LORD. . .LORD” The MT has Ya
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The MT has the VERB “loved” (8-
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Also note that the Babylon of Hezek
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B. A. Briggs in his book, General I
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APPENDIX TWOINTRODUCTION TO OLD TES
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E. Prophets represent God to the pe
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APPENDIX THREEA BRIEF HISTORICAL SU
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Haran. He engaged the Babylonian fo
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n. 1340-1310 Haremhab3. 19th Dynast
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APPENDIX FOURCHARTSOLD TESTAMENT TI
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KINGS AND EVENTS OF THE BABYLONIAN,
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GREECE359 - 336 Philip II of Macedo
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GREEK359 - 336 Philip II of Macedon
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JUDAH’S KINGS (I CHR. 3:1-16; MAT
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APPENDIX FIVE - DOCTRINAL STATEMENT
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The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary

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