The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary

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SPECIAL TOPIC: FIREFire has both positive and negative connotations in Scripture.A. Positive1. warms (cf. Isa. 44:15; John 18:18)2. lights (cf. Isa. 50:11; Matt. 25:1-13)3. cooks (cf. Exod. 12:8; Isa. 44:15-16; John 21:9)4. purifies (cf. Num. 31:22-23; Prov. 17:3; Isa. 1:25; 6:6-8; Jer. 6:29; Mal. 3:2-3)5. holiness (cf. Gen. 15:17; Exod. 3:2; 19:18; Ezek. 1:27; Heb. 12:29)6. God’s leadership (cf. Exod. 13:21; Num. 14:14; I Kgs. 18:24)7. God’s empowering (cf. Acts 2:3)B. Negative1. burns (cf. Josh. 6:24; 8:8; 11:11; Matt. 22:7)2. destroys (cf. Gen. 19:24; Lev. 10:1-2)3. anger (cf. Num. 21:28; Isa. 10:16; Zech. 12:6)4. punishment (cf. Gen. 38:24; Lev. 20:14; 21:9; Josh. 7:15)5. false eschatological sign (cf. Rev. 13:13)C. God’s anger against sin is expressed in fire metaphors1. His anger burns (cf. Hos. 8:5; Zeph. 3:8)2. He pours out fire (cf. Nah. 1:6)3. eternal fire (cf. Jer. 15:14; 17:4)4. eschatological judgment (cf. Matt. 3:10; 13:40; John 15:6; II Thess. 1:7; II Pet. 3:7-10;Rev. 8:7; 16:8)D. Like so many metaphors in the Bible (i.e., leaven, lion) fire can be a blessing or a curse,depending on the context.}NASB“the strong man”NKJV, NRSV,NJB “the strong”LXX, Peshitta “their strength”REB“the strongest tree”JB“the men of high estate”This ADJECTIVE (BDB 340) is found only here and Amos 2:9, both in context that relates to trees(cf. vv. 29,30). Possibly the REB is best. It refers to idolatry involving wood, trees, or a garden.} “tinder” This term (BDB 654), in its VERBAL form, usually means “shaken out” (cf. 33:9,15), but theNOUN, used only twice in the OT, refers to the string/rope (tow) from flax (cf. Jdgs. 16:9).37
DISCUSSION QUESTIONSThis is a study guide commentary, which means that you are responsible for your owninterpretation of the Bible. Each of us must walk in the light we have. You, the Bible, and the HolySpirit are priority in interpretation. You must not relinquish this to a commentator.These discussion questions are provided to help you think through the major issues of this sectionof the book. They are meant to be thought-provoking, not definitive.1. How long did Isaiah serve as the chief prophet for Judah?2. Why is God spoken of in such anthropomorphic terms?3. Is God displeased with sacrifice?4. Define a person’s responsibility in salvation, OT and NT.38
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YOU CAN UNDERSTAND THE BIBLEISAIAH:
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Isaiah 26 .........................
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Elder, II John 1 ..................
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The Hebrew text used is Biblia Hebr
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II.Aspects of PredicationA. VERBSTh
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Page 13 and 14: c. something which is possible or e
Page 15 and 16: NIVNJBNRSVOTPGREBRSVNew Internation
Page 17 and 18: A. The New King James Version (NKJV
Page 19 and 20: B. I believe the Bible was written
Page 21 and 22: . contemporary word usagec. genre3.
Page 23 and 24: In applying the Bible, it is import
Page 25 and 26: 4. ambiguous textsAlthough the Engl
Page 27 and 28: 2. by chronology3. by events which
Page 29 and 30: (3) Israel as(a) wife, 50:1(b) serv
Page 32 and 33: a. Hezekiah fully participated in t
Page 34 and 35: IX.MAIN TRUTHSA. Isaiah held Judah
Page 36 and 37: 1:27-31(27-31) (27-31) (27-31)1:27-
Page 38 and 39: c. El-Shaddai (“God Almighty” o
Page 40 and 41: c. from a Ugaritic (Canaanite) root
Page 42 and 43: SPECIAL TOPIC: BOB’S EVANGELICAL
Page 44 and 45: incapable of appropriate action (cf
Page 46 and 47: Here is a good quote to conclude th
Page 48 and 49: } “whole head. . .whole heart”
Page 50 and 51: SPECIAL TOPIC: THE REMNANT, THREE S
Page 52 and 53: 2. other sexual sins, Lev. 18:26,27
Page 54 and 55: (4) redemption(5) glorification(6)
Page 56 and 57: 3. the covenant with Abraham (cf. G
Page 58 and 59: 3. Asis - This is obviously alcohol
Page 60 and 61: NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 1:24-2624There
Page 64 and 65: ISAIAH 2PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MODE
Page 66 and 67: C. The resultant Judgment of YHWH,
Page 68 and 69: Zaphon in the far north (cf. Isa. 1
Page 70 and 71: The world mission of gospel proclam
Page 72 and 73: Lord.” I have come face to face w
Page 74 and 75: and make it “traders.” It seems
Page 76 and 77: 21In order to go into the caverns o
Page 80 and 81: Woe to them!For they have brought e
Page 82 and 83: 3:4 Judah’s elder leadership will
Page 84 and 85: These phrases could be1. literala.
Page 86 and 87: 3:17NASB, NJB,REB “make their for
Page 90 and 91: } “the Branch of the LORD” To d
Page 92 and 93: SPECIAL TOPIC: THE TWO BOOKS OF GOD
Page 96 and 97: BRIEF OUTLINEA. The Parabolic Song,
Page 98 and 99: 6I will lay it waste;It will not be
Page 100 and 101: SPECIAL TOPIC: ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN
Page 102 and 103: them spiritual ears and eyes (cf. D
Page 104 and 105: 2. Jeremiah changed it from a place
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Page 108 and 109: So their root will become like rot
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. There has alw
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II.9. human form - Exod. 24:9-11; P
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SPECIAL TOPIC: HOLYI. Old Testament
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12The LORD has removed men far away
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} “Send me” The VERB “send”
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} “Whose stump remains when it is
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3. Third paragraph4. Etc.BACKGROUND
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} “Shear-jashub” This is Isaiah
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} “from the LORD your God” It i
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7:18 “In that day” “That day
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ISAIAH 8PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MODE
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8:1 “Take for yourself a large ta
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4. Huldah was a prophetess whom Kin
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Even the king of Assyria and all hi
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55:8-11; Ps. 33:11). God needs nor
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III.C. Paul uses the concept of a
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The second NOUN, “spiritists” (
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Read the chapter in one sitting. Id
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Because of the desert between Mesop
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 9:8-128The Lor
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19By the fury of the LORD of hosts
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following the original author’s i
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10:6 “a godless nation. . .the pe
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Or like a rod lifting him who is no
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27So it will be in that day, that h
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10:33 The second half of this verse
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2. Second paragraph3. Third paragra
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a. counsel, BDB 420b. strength, BDB
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The fatling would have sacrificial
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(2) Mark 10:41(3) Luke 14:31; 15:8;
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ISAIAH 12PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MOD
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} “although You were angry with m
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WORD AND PHRASE STUDYNASB (UPDATED)
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13:2 This describes the gathering o
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6. little ones dashed to pieces in
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2. The concept of a personal archen
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} “Jacob. . .Israel” These two
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happened, and just as I have planne
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14:12 “How you have fallen from h
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Loss of descendants was seen as a g
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DISCUSSION QUESTIONSThis is a study
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSLocations Mentio
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15:2 “Dibon. . .Nebo. . .Medeba
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16:2 Moab is described as1. fleeing
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12So it will come about when Moab p
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} “the remnant of Syria” This p
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SPECIAL TOPIC: FERTILITY WORSHIP OF
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 17:12-1412Alas
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3All you inhabitants of the world a
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However, this context could be unde
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In this text the people claimed to
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7. purified the water at Marah, Exo
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 19:16-1716In t
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} “a Savior and a Champion” In
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6. sparing Jerusalem from Assyria,
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3. Third paragraph4. Etc.CONTEXTUAL
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21:3-4 The prophet describes the ef
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 21:11-1211The
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ased on certain word plays or key w
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This same area may have been filled
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22:15-19 This describes YHWH’s ju
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1. Gen. 15:6 - Abram’s personal e
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2. load will be cut down (BDB 154,
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. This condemna
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2. the palace, temple, and fortress
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23:10 The rival maritime empire of
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23:17-18 The riches of Phoenicia wi
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BACKGROUND STUDYA. Isaiah 24-27 for
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6. completely despoiled, v. 3, BDB
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Peshitta “shall be destroyed”LX
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} “As the shaking of an olive tre
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angels who have aided in either the
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4. You have made a city into a heap
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}NASBNKJV, PeshittaNRSVTEV, NJBREB
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25:9 “in that day” This refers
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6. “spread out,” BDB 831, KB 97
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VIII. “His words”A. BDB 202 - D
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NJB, REB “we invoke your name”L
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 26:20-2120Come
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. This is the c
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27:4-5 There are several COHORTATIV
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} “by driving them away” The He
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DISCUSSION QUESTIONSThis is a study
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following the original author’s i
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Notice how the LORD’S agent is ch
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For morning after morning it will p
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28:16 This verse is a shocking chan
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29This also comes from the LORD of
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. The Jewish St
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Thus the multitude of all the natio
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This was accomplished by1. blob of
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 29:22-2422Ther
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. LutroÇ, “to release”(1) to r
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} “rebellious children” This ti
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Prophesy illusions.11Get out of the
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. see not, BDB 906, KB 1157, negate
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 30:1818Therefo
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2. good crops, v. 23a. rich (BDB 20
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JB“will be battered”LXX, Peshit
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B. The Anchor Bible has an interest
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} “the LORD of hosts come down”
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} “whose fire. . .furnace” This
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. Chapters 31-3
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12Beat your breasts for the pleasan
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NJB “Ophel” (BDB 779), a sectio
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l. eternity everlasting(1) I Kgs. 8
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all people are honored and treated
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} “locusts” Locust invasions we
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33:13 “You who are far away. . .y
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3. or bothIn v. 17, both “your ey
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B. Because there is a double space
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34:4 This hyperbolic language relat
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NKJV “night creature”NRSV, NJB
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1. seek, BDB 205, KB 233, Qal IMPER
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. fear not, BDB 431, KB 432, Qal IM
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36:2 “And the king of Assyria sen
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36:7 “whose high places and whose
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2. Arpad was a city in northern Syr
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1. First paragraph2. Second paragra
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} “I will make him fall by the sw
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37:19 The truth of v. 18 is seen to
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II.3. Model Prayer, Matt. 6:5-13; L
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C. Other aspects1. Perseverancea. L
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translation. The term can have eith
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 38:4-64Then th
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} “LORD. . .LORD” The MT has Ya
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The MT has the VERB “loved” (8-
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Also note that the Babylon of Hezek
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B. A. Briggs in his book, General I
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APPENDIX TWOINTRODUCTION TO OLD TES
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E. Prophets represent God to the pe
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APPENDIX THREEA BRIEF HISTORICAL SU
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Haran. He engaged the Babylonian fo
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n. 1340-1310 Haremhab3. 19th Dynast
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APPENDIX FOURCHARTSOLD TESTAMENT TI
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KINGS AND EVENTS OF THE BABYLONIAN,
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GREECE359 - 336 Philip II of Macedo
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GREEK359 - 336 Philip II of Macedon
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JUDAH’S KINGS (I CHR. 3:1-16; MAT
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APPENDIX FIVE - DOCTRINAL STATEMENT
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The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary

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