The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary
Share Embed Flag
Download ePaper

The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary

The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary

freebiblecommentary.org
from freebiblecommentary.org More from this publisher
13.07.2015 Views

3. Asis – This is obviously alcoholic beverages (“sweet wine,” BDB 779, e.g. Joel 1:5; Isa.49:26).4. Sekar – This is the term “strong drink” (BDB 1016). The Hebrew root is used in theterm “drunk” or “drunkard.” It had something added to it to make it more intoxicating.It is parallel to yayin (cf. Prov. 20:1; 31:6; Isa. 28:7).B. New Testament1. Oinos – the Greek equivalent of yayin2. Neos oinos (new wine) – the Greek equivalent of tirosh (cf. Mark 2:22).3. Gleuchos vinos (sweet wine, asis) – wine in the early stages of fermentation (cf. Acts2:13).II. Biblical UsageA. Old Testament1. Wine is a gift of God (Gen. 27:28; Ps. 104:14-15; Eccl. 9:7; Hos. 2:8-9; Joel 2:19,24;Amos 9:13; Zech. 10:7).2. Wine is a part of a sacrificial offering (Exod. 29:40; Lev. 23:13; Num. 15:7,10; 28:14;Deut. 14:26; Jdgs. 9:13).3. Wine is used as medicine (II Sam. 16:2; Pro. 31:6-7).4. Wine can be a real problem (Noah–Gen. 9:21; Lot–Gen. 19:33,35; Samson–Jdgs. 16:19;Nabal–I Sam. 25:36; Uriah–II Sam. 11:13; Ammon–II Sam. 13:28; Elah–I Kgs. 16:9;Benhadad–I Kgs. 20:12; Rulers–Amos 6:6; and Ladies–Amos 4).5. Wine can be abused (Pro. 20:1; 23:29-35; 31:4-5; Isa. 5:11,22; 19:14; 28:7-8; Hosea4:11).6. Wine was prohibited to certain groups (priests on duty, Lev. 10:9; Ezek. 44:21;Nazarites, Num. 6; and rulers, Pro. 31:4-5; Isa. 56:11-12; Hosea 7:5).7. Wine is used in an eschatological setting (Amos 9:13; Joel 3:18; Zech. 9:17).B. Interbiblical1. Wine in moderation is very helpful (Ecclesiasticus 31:27-30).2. The rabbis say, “Wine is the greatest of all medicine, where wine is lacking, then drugsare needed.” (BB 58b).C. New Testament1. Jesus changed a large quantity of water into wine (John 2:1-11).2. Jesus drank wine (Matt. 11:18-19; Luke 7:33-34; 22:17ff).3. Peter accused of drunkenness on “new wine” at Pentecost (Acts 2:13).4. Wine can be used as medicine (Mark 15:23; Luke 10:34; I Tim. 5:23).5. Leaders are not to be abusers. This does not mean total abstainers (I Tim. 3:3,8; Titus1:7; 2:3; I Pet. 4:3).6. Wine used in eschatological settings (Matt. 22:1ff; Rev. 19:9).7. Drunkenness is deplored (Matt. 24:49; Luke 12:45; 21:34; I Cor. 5:11-13; 6:10; Gal.5:21; I Pet. 4:3; Rom. 13:13-14).III. Theological InsightA. Dialectical tension1. Wine is a gift of God.2. Drunkenness is a major problem.33

3. Believers in some cultures must limit their freedoms for the sake of the gospel (Matt.15:1-20; Mark 7:1-23; I Corinthians 8-10; Romans 14).B. Tendency to go beyond given bounds1. God is the source of all good things.2. Fallen mankind has abused all of God’s gifts by taking them beyond God-given bounds.C. Abuse is in us, not in things. There is nothing evil in the physical creation (cf. Mark 7:18-23;Rom. 14:14,20; I Cor. 10:25-26; I Tim. 4:4; Titus 1:15).IV. First Century Jewish Culture and FermentationA. Fermentation begins very soon, approximately 6 hours after the grape is crushed.B. Jewish tradition says that when a slight foam appeared on the surface (sign of fermentation),it is liable to the wine-tithe (Ma aseroth 1:7). It was called “new wine” or “sweet wine.”C. The primary violent fermentation was complete after one week.D. The secondary fermentation took about 40 days. At this state it is considered “aged wine”and could be offered on the altar (Edhuyyoth 6:1).E. Wine that had rested on its lees (old wine) was considered good, but had to be strained wellbefore use.F. Wine was considered to be properly aged usually after one year of fermentation. Three yearswas the longest period of time that wine could be safely stored. It was called “old wine” andhad to be diluted with water.G. Only in the last 100 years with a sterile environment and chemical additives has fermentationbeen postponed. The ancient world could not stop the natural process of fermentation.V. Closing StatementsA. Be sure your experience, theology, and biblical interpretation do not depreciate Jesus andfirst century Jewish/Christian culture! They were obviously not total-abstainers.B. I am not advocating the social use of alcohol. However, many have overstated the Bible’sposition on this subject and now claim superior righteousness based on a cultural ordenominational bias.C. For me, Romans 14 and I Corinthians 8-10 have provided insight and guidelines based onlove and respect for fellow believers and the spread of the gospel in our cultures, not personalfreedom or judgmental criticism. If the Bible is the only source for faith and practice, thenmaybe we must all rethink this issue.D. If we push total abstinence as God’s will, what do we imply about Jesus, as well as thosemodern cultures that regularly use wine (e.g., Europe, Israel, Argentina)?1:23NASB, NKJV,LXX, PeshittaNRSV, TEV,REBNJB“rewards”“gifts”“presents”This term (BDB 1024) occurs only here in the OT. BDB says it means “rewards” or “bribe”(parallel to bribe [BDB 1005] in the previous line). The basic root may be related to (1) shalom (BDB1024), “peace,” “health,” “wholeness,” or (2) “recompense” (BDB 1024, cf. 59:18; NIDOTTE, vol. 4, p.143). In Jerusalem the only peace was for wicked, wealthy, powerful groups in society.34

3. Asis – This is obviously alcoholic beverages (“sweet wine,” BDB 779, e.g. Joel 1:5; Isa.49:26).4. Sekar – This is the term “strong drink” (BDB 1016). <strong>The</strong> Hebrew root is used in theterm “drunk” or “drunkard.” It had something added to it to make it more intoxicating.It is parallel to yayin (cf. Prov. 20:1; 31:6; Isa. 28:7).B. New Testament1. Oinos – the Greek equivalent of yayin2. Neos oinos (new wine) – the Greek equivalent of tirosh (cf. Mark 2:22).3. Gleuchos vinos (sweet wine, asis) – wine in the early stages of fermentation (cf. Acts2:13).II. Biblical UsageA. Old Testament1. Wine is a gift of God (Gen. 27:28; Ps. 104:14-15; Eccl. 9:7; Hos. 2:8-9; Joel 2:19,24;Amos 9:13; Zech. 10:7).2. Wine is a part of a sacrificial offering (Exod. 29:40; Lev. 23:13; Num. 15:7,10; 28:14;Deut. 14:26; Jdgs. 9:13).3. Wine is used as medicine (II Sam. 16:2; Pro. 31:6-7).4. Wine can be a real problem (Noah–Gen. 9:21; Lot–Gen. 19:33,35; Samson–Jdgs. 16:19;Nabal–I Sam. 25:36; Uriah–II Sam. 11:13; Ammon–II Sam. 13:28; Elah–I Kgs. 16:9;Benhadad–I Kgs. 20:12; Rulers–Amos 6:6; <strong>and</strong> Ladies–Amos 4).5. Wine can be abused (Pro. 20:1; 23:29-35; 31:4-5; Isa. 5:11,22; 19:14; 28:7-8; Hosea4:11).6. Wine was prohibited to certain groups (priests on duty, Lev. 10:9; Ezek. 44:21;Nazarites, Num. 6; <strong>and</strong> rulers, Pro. 31:4-5; Isa. 56:11-12; Hosea 7:5).7. Wine is used in an eschatological setting (Amos 9:13; Joel 3:18; Zech. 9:17).B. Interbiblical1. Wine in moderation is very helpful (Ecclesiasticus 31:27-30).2. <strong>The</strong> rabbis say, “Wine is the greatest of all medicine, where wine is lacking, then drugsare needed.” (BB 58b).C. New Testament1. Jesus changed a large quantity of water into wine (John 2:1-11).2. Jesus drank wine (Matt. 11:18-19; Luke 7:33-34; 22:17ff).3. Peter accused of drunkenness on “new wine” at Pentecost (Acts 2:13).4. Wine can be used as medicine (Mark 15:23; Luke 10:34; I Tim. 5:23).5. Leaders are not to be abusers. This does not mean total abstainers (I Tim. 3:3,8; Titus1:7; 2:3; I Pet. 4:3).6. Wine used in eschatological settings (Matt. 22:1ff; Rev. 19:9).7. Drunkenness is deplored (Matt. 24:49; Luke 12:45; 21:34; I Cor. 5:11-13; 6:10; Gal.5:21; I Pet. 4:3; Rom. 13:13-14).III. <strong>The</strong>ological InsightA. Dialectical tension1. Wine is a gift of God.2. Drunkenness is a major problem.33

logo

products

Resources

Company

Terms of service
Privacy policy
Cookie policy
Cookie settings
Imprint
Change language
Made with love in Switzerland
© 2024 Yumpu.com all rights reserved

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!