The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary

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APPENDIX THREEA BRIEF HISTORICAL SURVEYA Brief Historical Survey of the Powers of Mesopotamia (using dates based primarily on John Bright’sA History of Israel, p. 462ff):A. Assyrian Empire (Gen. 10:11):1. religion and culture were greatly influenced by the Sumerian/Babylonian Empire.2. tentative list of rulers and approximate dates:a 1354-1318 Asshur-Uballit I:(1) conquered the Hittite city of Carchemish.(2) began to remove Hittite influence and allowed Assyria to develop.b. 1297-1266 Adad Nirari I (powerful king).c. 1265-1235 Shalmaneser I (powerful king).d. 1234-1197 Tukulti-Ninurta I– first conquest of Babylonian empire to the south.e. 1118-1078 Tiglath-Pileser I– Assyria becomes a major power in Mesopotamia.f. 1012- 972 Ashur-Rabi IIg. 972- 967 Ashur-Resh-Isui II.h. 966- 934 Tiglath-Pileser II.i. 934- 912 Ashur-Dan II.j. 912- 890 Adad-Nirari II.k. 890- 884 Tukulti-Ninurta II.l. 890- 859 Asshur-Nasir-Apal II.m. 859- 824 Shalmaneser III.– Battle of Qarqar in 853n. 824- 811 Shamashi-Adad V.o. 811- 783 Adad-Nirari III.p. 781- 772 Shalmaneser IV.q. 772- 754 Ashur-Dan III.r. 754- 745 Ashur-Nirari V.s. 745- 727 Tiglath-Pileser III:(1) called by his Babylonian throne name, Pul, in II Kgs. 15:19(2) very powerful king(3) started the policy of deporting conquered peoples(4) in 735 B.C. there was the formation of the “Syro-Ephramatic League,” whichwas an attempt to unify all the available military resources of the trans-Jordannations from the head waters of the Euphrates to Egypt for the purpose ofneutralizing the rising military power of Assyria. King Ahaz of Judah refusesto join and is invaded by Israel and Syria. He wrote to Tiglath-Pileser III forhelp against the advice of Isaiah (cf Isa. 7-12).(5) in 732 Tiglath-Pileser III invades and conquers Syria and Israel and places avassal king on the throne of Israel, Hoshea (732-722 B.C.). Thousands of Jewswere exiled to Media (cf. II Kgs. 15-16).t. 727- 722 Shalmaneser V.– Hoshea forms an alliance with Egypt and is invaded by Assyria (cf. II Kgs. 17).383
u. 722- 705 Sargon II:(1) after a three year siege, started by Shalmaneser V, his general and successorSargon II, conquers the capital of Israel, Samaria. Over 27,000 are deported toMedia.(2) the Hittite empire is also conquered.(3) in 714-711 another coalition of trans-Jordan nations and Egypt rebelled againstAssyria. This coalition is known as “the Ashdod Rebellion.” Even Hezekiah ofJudah originally was involved. Assyria invaded and destroyed severalPhilistine cities.v. 705- 681 Sennacherib:(1) in 705 another coalition of trans-Jordan nations and Egypt rebelled after thedeath of his father, Sargon II. Hezekiah fully supported this rebellion.Sennacherib invaded in 701. The rebellion was crushed but Jerusalem wasspared by an act of God (cf. Isa. 36-39 and II Kgs. 18-19.)(2) Sennacherib also put down rebellions in Elam and Babylon.w. 681- 669 Esarhaddon:(1) first Assyrian ruler to attack and conquer Egypt.(2) he had great sympathy for Babylon and rebuilt its capital city.x. 669- 663 Asshurbanipal:(1) also called Osnappar in Ezra 4:10(2) his brother Shamash-shum-ukin was made king of Babylon. This broughtseveral years of peace between Assyria and Babylon but there was anundercurrent of independence which broke out in 652, led by his brother.(3) fall of Thebes, 663(4) defeat of Elam, 653, 645y. 633- 629 Asshur-Etil-Ilani.z. 629- 612 Sin-Shar-Ishkun.a,a. 612- 609 Asshur-Uballit II:– enthroned king in exile in Haran after the fall of Asshur in 614 and Nineveh in612.B. Neo-Babylon Empire:1. 703- ? Merodach-Baladan:started several revolts against Assyrian rule.2. 652 Shamash-Shum-Ukin:(a) Esarhaddon’s son and Asshurbanipal's brother.(b) he started a revolt against Assyria but was defeated.3. 626- 605 Nabopolassar:a. he was the first monarch of the Neo-Babylonian Empire.b. he attacked Assyria from the south while Cyaxares of Media attacked from thenortheast.c. the old Assyrian capital of Asshur fell in 614 and the powerful new capital ofNineveh fell in 612d. the remnant of the Assyrian army retreated to Haran. They even installed a kinge. in 608 Pharaoh Necho II ( cf. II Kgs. 23:29) marched north to help the remnant ofthe Assyrian army for the purpose of forming a buffer zone against the rising powerof Babylon. Josiah, the godly king of Judah (cf. II Kgs. 23), opposed the movementof the Egyptian army through Palestine. There was a minor skirmish at Megiddo.Josiah was wounded and died (II Kgs. 23:29-30). His son, Jehoahaz, was made king.Pharaoh Necho II arrived too late to stop the destruction of the Assyrian forces at384
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YOU CAN UNDERSTAND THE BIBLEISAIAH:
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Isaiah 26 .........................
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Elder, II John 1 ..................
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The Hebrew text used is Biblia Hebr
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II.Aspects of PredicationA. VERBSTh
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should clearly grasp, not so much t
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c. something which is possible or e
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NIVNJBNRSVOTPGREBRSVNew Internation
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A. The New King James Version (NKJV
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B. I believe the Bible was written
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. contemporary word usagec. genre3.
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In applying the Bible, it is import
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4. ambiguous textsAlthough the Engl
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2. by chronology3. by events which
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(3) Israel as(a) wife, 50:1(b) serv
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a. Hezekiah fully participated in t
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IX.MAIN TRUTHSA. Isaiah held Judah
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1:27-31(27-31) (27-31) (27-31)1:27-
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c. El-Shaddai (“God Almighty” o
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c. from a Ugaritic (Canaanite) root
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SPECIAL TOPIC: BOB’S EVANGELICAL
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incapable of appropriate action (cf
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Here is a good quote to conclude th
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} “whole head. . .whole heart”
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SPECIAL TOPIC: THE REMNANT, THREE S
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2. other sexual sins, Lev. 18:26,27
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(4) redemption(5) glorification(6)
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3. the covenant with Abraham (cf. G
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3. Asis - This is obviously alcohol
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 1:24-2624There
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SPECIAL TOPIC: FIREFire has both po
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ISAIAH 2PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MODE
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C. The resultant Judgment of YHWH,
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Zaphon in the far north (cf. Isa. 1
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The world mission of gospel proclam
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Lord.” I have come face to face w
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and make it “traders.” It seems
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21In order to go into the caverns o
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Woe to them!For they have brought e
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3:4 Judah’s elder leadership will
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These phrases could be1. literala.
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3:17NASB, NJB,REB “make their for
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} “the Branch of the LORD” To d
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SPECIAL TOPIC: THE TWO BOOKS OF GOD
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BRIEF OUTLINEA. The Parabolic Song,
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6I will lay it waste;It will not be
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SPECIAL TOPIC: ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN
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them spiritual ears and eyes (cf. D
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2. Jeremiah changed it from a place
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5:17 “Then the lambs will graze a
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So their root will become like rot
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The term “nations” in the Masor
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. There has alw
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II.9. human form - Exod. 24:9-11; P
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SPECIAL TOPIC: HOLYI. Old Testament
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12The LORD has removed men far away
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} “Send me” The VERB “send”
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} “Whose stump remains when it is
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3. Third paragraph4. Etc.BACKGROUND
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} “Shear-jashub” This is Isaiah
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} “from the LORD your God” It i
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7:18 “In that day” “That day
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8:1 “Take for yourself a large ta
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4. Huldah was a prophetess whom Kin
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Even the king of Assyria and all hi
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55:8-11; Ps. 33:11). God needs nor
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III.C. Paul uses the concept of a
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The second NOUN, “spiritists” (
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Read the chapter in one sitting. Id
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Because of the desert between Mesop
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 9:8-128The Lor
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19By the fury of the LORD of hosts
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following the original author’s i
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10:6 “a godless nation. . .the pe
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Or like a rod lifting him who is no
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27So it will be in that day, that h
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10:33 The second half of this verse
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2. Second paragraph3. Third paragra
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a. counsel, BDB 420b. strength, BDB
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The fatling would have sacrificial
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(2) Mark 10:41(3) Luke 14:31; 15:8;
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ISAIAH 12PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MOD
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} “although You were angry with m
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WORD AND PHRASE STUDYNASB (UPDATED)
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13:2 This describes the gathering o
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6. little ones dashed to pieces in
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2. The concept of a personal archen
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} “Jacob. . .Israel” These two
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happened, and just as I have planne
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14:12 “How you have fallen from h
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Loss of descendants was seen as a g
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DISCUSSION QUESTIONSThis is a study
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSLocations Mentio
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15:2 “Dibon. . .Nebo. . .Medeba
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16:2 Moab is described as1. fleeing
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12So it will come about when Moab p
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} “the remnant of Syria” This p
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SPECIAL TOPIC: FERTILITY WORSHIP OF
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 17:12-1412Alas
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3All you inhabitants of the world a
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However, this context could be unde
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In this text the people claimed to
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7. purified the water at Marah, Exo
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 19:16-1716In t
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} “a Savior and a Champion” In
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6. sparing Jerusalem from Assyria,
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3. Third paragraph4. Etc.CONTEXTUAL
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21:3-4 The prophet describes the ef
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 21:11-1211The
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ased on certain word plays or key w
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This same area may have been filled
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22:15-19 This describes YHWH’s ju
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1. Gen. 15:6 - Abram’s personal e
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2. load will be cut down (BDB 154,
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. This condemna
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2. the palace, temple, and fortress
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23:10 The rival maritime empire of
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23:17-18 The riches of Phoenicia wi
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BACKGROUND STUDYA. Isaiah 24-27 for
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6. completely despoiled, v. 3, BDB
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Peshitta “shall be destroyed”LX
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} “As the shaking of an olive tre
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angels who have aided in either the
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4. You have made a city into a heap
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}NASBNKJV, PeshittaNRSVTEV, NJBREB
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25:9 “in that day” This refers
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6. “spread out,” BDB 831, KB 97
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VIII. “His words”A. BDB 202 - D
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NJB, REB “we invoke your name”L
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 26:20-2120Come
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. This is the c
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27:4-5 There are several COHORTATIV
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} “by driving them away” The He
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DISCUSSION QUESTIONSThis is a study
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following the original author’s i
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Notice how the LORD’S agent is ch
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For morning after morning it will p
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28:16 This verse is a shocking chan
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29This also comes from the LORD of
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. The Jewish St
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Thus the multitude of all the natio
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This was accomplished by1. blob of
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 29:22-2422Ther
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. LutroÇ, “to release”(1) to r
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} “rebellious children” This ti
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Prophesy illusions.11Get out of the
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. see not, BDB 906, KB 1157, negate
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 30:1818Therefo
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2. good crops, v. 23a. rich (BDB 20
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JB“will be battered”LXX, Peshit
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B. The Anchor Bible has an interest
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} “the LORD of hosts come down”
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} “whose fire. . .furnace” This
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. Chapters 31-3
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12Beat your breasts for the pleasan
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NJB “Ophel” (BDB 779), a sectio
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l. eternity everlasting(1) I Kgs. 8
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all people are honored and treated
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} “locusts” Locust invasions we
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33:13 “You who are far away. . .y
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3. or bothIn v. 17, both “your ey
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Page 366 and 367: WORD AND PHRASE STUDYNASB (UPDATED)
Page 368 and 369: . fear not, BDB 431, KB 432, Qal IM
Page 370 and 371: ISAIAH 36PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MOD
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Page 392 and 393: NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 38:4-64Then th
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Page 400 and 401: Also note that the Babylon of Hezek
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Page 404 and 405: APPENDIX TWOINTRODUCTION TO OLD TES
Page 406 and 407: E. Prophets represent God to the pe
Page 410 and 411: Haran. He engaged the Babylonian fo
Page 412 and 413: n. 1340-1310 Haremhab3. 19th Dynast
Page 414 and 415: APPENDIX FOURCHARTSOLD TESTAMENT TI
Page 416 and 417: KINGS AND EVENTS OF THE BABYLONIAN,
Page 418 and 419: GREECE359 - 336 Philip II of Macedo
Page 420 and 421: GREEK359 - 336 Philip II of Macedon
Page 422 and 423: JUDAH’S KINGS (I CHR. 3:1-16; MAT
Page 424: APPENDIX FIVE - DOCTRINAL STATEMENT
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