The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary

c. from a Ugaritic (Canaanite) root “to speak”d. following a Phoenician inscription, a CAUSATIVE PARTICIPLE meaning “the Onewho sustains,” or “the One who establishes”e. from the Hebrew Qal form “the One who is,” or “the One who is present” (infuture sense, “the One who will be”)f. from the Hebrew Hiphil form “the One who causes to be”g. from the Hebrew root “to live” (e.g., Gen. 3:20), meaning “the ever-living, onlylivingOne”h. from the context of Exod. 3:13-16 a play on the IMPERFECT form used in a PERFECTsense, “I shall continue to be what I used to be” or “I shall continue to be what Ihave always been” (cf. J. Wash Watts, A Survey of Syntax in the Old Testament, p.67). The full name YHWH is often expressed in abbreviation or possibly anoriginal form(1) Yah (e.g., Hallelu - yah, BDB 219, cf. Exod. 15:2; 17:16; Ps. 89:9; 104:35)(2) Yahu (“iah” ending of names, e.g., Isaiah)(3) Yo (“Jo” beginning of names, e.g., Joshua or Joel)3. In later Judaism this covenant name became so holy (the tetragrammaton) that Jewswere afraid to say it lest they break the command of Exod. 20:7; Deut. 5:11; 6:13. Sothey substituted the Hebrew term for “owner,” “master,” “husband,” “lord”—adon oradonai (my lord). When they came to YHWH in their reading of OT texts theypronounced “lord.” This is why YHWH is written LORD in English translations.4. As with El, YHWH is often combined with other terms to emphasize certaincharacteristics of the Covenant God of Israel. While there are many possiblecombination terms, here are some.a. YHWH - Yireh (YHWH will provide, BDB 217 & 906), Gen. 22:14b. YHWH - Rophekha (YHWH is your healer, BDB 217 & 950, Qal PARTICIPLE),Exod. 15:26c. YHWH - Nissi (YHWH is my banner, BDB 217 & 651), Exod. 17:15d. YHWH - Meqaddishkem (YHWH the One who sanctifies you, BDB 217 & 872,Piel PARTICIPLE), Exod. 31:13e. YHWH - Shalom (YHWH is Peace, BDB 217 & 1022), Jdgs. 6:24f. YHWH - Sabbaoth (YHWH of hosts, BDB 217 & 878), I Sam. 1:3,11; 4:4; 15:2;often in the Prophetsg. YHWH - Ro‘I (YHWH is my shepherd, BDB 217 & 944, Qal PARTICIPLE), Ps. 23:1h. YHWH - Sidqenu (YHWH is our righteousness, BDB 217 & 841), Jer. 23:6i. YHWH - Shammah (YHWH is there, BDB 217 & 1027), Ezek. 48:35} “Amoz” This person (BDB 55) is mentioned only in connection to Isaiah. The basic root means“strength,” “strong,” or “mighty.”} “he saw” This VERB, (%'(, BDB 302, KB 301, Qal PERFECT) is from a similar root, “visions” (0&'()and the same as “seer” (%'(). It is used repeatedly in Isaiah (cf. Micah 1:1).15