The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary

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36:2 “And the king of Assyria sent Rabshakeh” There are several ways of understanding this word(BDB 913).1. a proper name (NASB, NKJV)2. “chief steward”3. “field commander” (Peshitta, NIV)4. “governor” or “chief of staff” (NKJV footnote)5. “cupbearer-in-chief (NJB)Whichever it is he was a high-ranking official (JPSOA footnote) from the Assyrian camp (cf. II Kgs.18:17).The NIDOTTE, vol. 3, p. 1029, lists several of these Assyrian titles.1. Tart~n – supreme commander, cf. II Kgs. 18:172. Rab s~ris – chief officer, cf. II Kgs. 18:173. Rab s~q‘h – field commander, cf. II Kgs. 18:174. Rab Kisri – commander of the army5. Rab hanse – captain of fifty6. Rab saqu – cupbearer of the king7. Akkadiana. tartan – cf. #1 aboveb. rabu sa r‘si – chief eunuch or military commanderc. rab s~q‘h – cf. #3 aboved. rab saqu – #6 above8. Aramaic – rb swq – chief of the march} “Lachish” This was one of the walled cities on the coastal plain which was captured by the Assyrianarmy. It was about thirty miles southwest of Jerusalem in the Shephelah.} “And he stood by the conduit of the upper pool on the highway of the fuller’s field” This is thesame location where Isaiah confronted Ahaz in 7:3 with the appeal not to trust in Assyria. There may bea purposeful connecting of the geographical site to the response of Hezekiah (belief, cf. 37:14-20,30)versus the response of Ahaz (unbelief).36:3 “Eliakim. . .Shebna. . .Joah” When one compares Isa. 22:15 and 22:20-24 it seems that these twomen have exchanged offices.If we can use Egyptian parallels it seems that these men represented different levels ofadministrative authority in the ANE.1. Eliakima. NASB, NKJV, “over the household”b. NRSV, TEV, JPSOA, “in charge of the palace”c. REB, “the comptroller of the household”d. NJB, “master of the palace”2. Shebnaa. NASB, NKJV, JPSOA, “the scribe”b. NRSV, NJB, “the secretary”c. REB, “the adjutant-general”d. TEV, “court secretary”3. Joaha. NASB, NKJV, NRSV, TEV, JPSOA, “the recorder”b. REB, “the secretary of state”c. NJB, “the herald”347
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 36:4-104Then Rabshakeh said to them, "Say now to Hezekiah, 'Thus says the great king, the king ofAssyria, "What is this confidence that you have? 5 "I say, 'Your counsel and strength for the warare only empty words.' Now on whom do you rely, that you have rebelled against me? 6 Behold,you rely on the staff of this crushed reed, even on Egypt, on which if a man leans, it will go into hishand and pierce it. So is Pharaoh king of Egypt to all who rely on him. 7 But if you say to me, 'Wetrust in the LORD our God,' is it not He whose high places and whose altars Hezekiah has takenaway and has said to Judah and to Jerusalem, 'You shall worship before this altar'? 8 Nowtherefore, come make a bargain with my master the king of Assyria, and I will give you twothousand horses, if you are able on your part to set riders on them. 9 How then can you repulse oneofficial of the least of my master's servants and rely on Egypt for chariots and for horsemen?10Have I now come up without the LORD'S approval against this land to destroy it? The LORD saidto me, 'Go up against this land and destroy it.'"'"36:4 The message of Sennacherib was read loudly before the walls of Jerusalem so that everyone couldhear and fear (cf. vv. 11-12)!This verse has three uses of the VERB “say” (BDB 55, KB 65).1. Qal IMPERFECT2. Qal IMPERATIVE3. Qal PERFECT} “What is this confidence that you have” This is a very significant statement for the rest of chapter36 and 37 because it is a play on the Hebrew word “trust” (BDB 105, KB 120, Qal PERFECT, cf. 12:2;26:3,4; 31:1; 32:9-11; 36:4,5,6 [twice],7,9,15; 37:10) or the question “what are you trusting in?” Noticethat the Assyrian logic is based on their military victories over numerous other national gods. The line ofpsychological attack seems to impugn Hezekiah’s actions on behalf of YHWH in order to impugn Hispower and to impugn the people’s trust in Him (cf. 36:4,5,7,10,15,18; 37:4,6,10,17,20 esp., 23,29). Thissets the stage, much like Daniel 3, for YHWH’s confrontation with the Assyrian gods for the purpose thatall of the world may know that YHWH is God (cf. 37:20; 45:6; II Chr. 32:7-8).This question is the theological purpose of the literary unit!36:5NASB, NJB “empty words”NKJV “vain words”NRSV “mere words”LXX “words of the lips”The LXX is a literal translation of the MT (BDB 182 CONSTRUCT BDB 973). This is an idiom forsomeone who speaks without thinking (cf. Pro. 14:23).} “rebelled against me” This refers to the fact that Hezekiah initially stopped paying tribute to Assyria(cf. II Kgs. 18:7), but then apparently began it again when Sennacherib invaded (cf. II Kgs. 18:14-16)and then refused a second time to pay tribute.36:6 “Behold, you rely on the staff of this crushed reed, even on Egypt” Apparently, the Assyrianshad inside information on Hezekiah’s ill-conceived design for a military alliance with Egypt. Isaiah hadearlier condemned this alliance (cf. 30:1-5; 31:1-3).348
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YOU CAN UNDERSTAND THE BIBLEISAIAH:
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Isaiah 26 .........................
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Elder, II John 1 ..................
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The Hebrew text used is Biblia Hebr
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II.Aspects of PredicationA. VERBSTh
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should clearly grasp, not so much t
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c. something which is possible or e
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NIVNJBNRSVOTPGREBRSVNew Internation
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A. The New King James Version (NKJV
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B. I believe the Bible was written
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. contemporary word usagec. genre3.
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In applying the Bible, it is import
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4. ambiguous textsAlthough the Engl
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2. by chronology3. by events which
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(3) Israel as(a) wife, 50:1(b) serv
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a. Hezekiah fully participated in t
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IX.MAIN TRUTHSA. Isaiah held Judah
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1:27-31(27-31) (27-31) (27-31)1:27-
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c. El-Shaddai (“God Almighty” o
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c. from a Ugaritic (Canaanite) root
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SPECIAL TOPIC: BOB’S EVANGELICAL
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incapable of appropriate action (cf
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Here is a good quote to conclude th
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} “whole head. . .whole heart”
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SPECIAL TOPIC: THE REMNANT, THREE S
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2. other sexual sins, Lev. 18:26,27
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(4) redemption(5) glorification(6)
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3. the covenant with Abraham (cf. G
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3. Asis - This is obviously alcohol
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 1:24-2624There
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SPECIAL TOPIC: FIREFire has both po
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ISAIAH 2PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MODE
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C. The resultant Judgment of YHWH,
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Zaphon in the far north (cf. Isa. 1
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The world mission of gospel proclam
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Lord.” I have come face to face w
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and make it “traders.” It seems
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21In order to go into the caverns o
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Woe to them!For they have brought e
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3:4 Judah’s elder leadership will
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These phrases could be1. literala.
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3:17NASB, NJB,REB “make their for
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} “the Branch of the LORD” To d
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SPECIAL TOPIC: THE TWO BOOKS OF GOD
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BRIEF OUTLINEA. The Parabolic Song,
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6I will lay it waste;It will not be
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SPECIAL TOPIC: ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN
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them spiritual ears and eyes (cf. D
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2. Jeremiah changed it from a place
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5:17 “Then the lambs will graze a
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So their root will become like rot
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The term “nations” in the Masor
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. There has alw
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II.9. human form - Exod. 24:9-11; P
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SPECIAL TOPIC: HOLYI. Old Testament
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12The LORD has removed men far away
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} “Send me” The VERB “send”
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} “Whose stump remains when it is
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3. Third paragraph4. Etc.BACKGROUND
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} “Shear-jashub” This is Isaiah
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} “from the LORD your God” It i
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7:18 “In that day” “That day
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8:1 “Take for yourself a large ta
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4. Huldah was a prophetess whom Kin
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Even the king of Assyria and all hi
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55:8-11; Ps. 33:11). God needs nor
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III.C. Paul uses the concept of a
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The second NOUN, “spiritists” (
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Read the chapter in one sitting. Id
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Because of the desert between Mesop
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 9:8-128The Lor
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19By the fury of the LORD of hosts
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following the original author’s i
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10:6 “a godless nation. . .the pe
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Or like a rod lifting him who is no
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27So it will be in that day, that h
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10:33 The second half of this verse
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2. Second paragraph3. Third paragra
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a. counsel, BDB 420b. strength, BDB
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The fatling would have sacrificial
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(2) Mark 10:41(3) Luke 14:31; 15:8;
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ISAIAH 12PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MOD
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} “although You were angry with m
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WORD AND PHRASE STUDYNASB (UPDATED)
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13:2 This describes the gathering o
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6. little ones dashed to pieces in
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2. The concept of a personal archen
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} “Jacob. . .Israel” These two
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happened, and just as I have planne
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14:12 “How you have fallen from h
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Loss of descendants was seen as a g
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DISCUSSION QUESTIONSThis is a study
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSLocations Mentio
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15:2 “Dibon. . .Nebo. . .Medeba
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16:2 Moab is described as1. fleeing
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12So it will come about when Moab p
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} “the remnant of Syria” This p
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SPECIAL TOPIC: FERTILITY WORSHIP OF
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 17:12-1412Alas
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3All you inhabitants of the world a
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However, this context could be unde
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In this text the people claimed to
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7. purified the water at Marah, Exo
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 19:16-1716In t
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} “a Savior and a Champion” In
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6. sparing Jerusalem from Assyria,
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3. Third paragraph4. Etc.CONTEXTUAL
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21:3-4 The prophet describes the ef
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 21:11-1211The
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ased on certain word plays or key w
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This same area may have been filled
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22:15-19 This describes YHWH’s ju
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1. Gen. 15:6 - Abram’s personal e
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2. load will be cut down (BDB 154,
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. This condemna
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2. the palace, temple, and fortress
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23:10 The rival maritime empire of
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23:17-18 The riches of Phoenicia wi
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BACKGROUND STUDYA. Isaiah 24-27 for
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6. completely despoiled, v. 3, BDB
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Peshitta “shall be destroyed”LX
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} “As the shaking of an olive tre
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angels who have aided in either the
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4. You have made a city into a heap
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}NASBNKJV, PeshittaNRSVTEV, NJBREB
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25:9 “in that day” This refers
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WORD AND PHRASE STUDYNASB (UPDATED)
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6. “spread out,” BDB 831, KB 97
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VIII. “His words”A. BDB 202 - D
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NJB, REB “we invoke your name”L
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 26:20-2120Come
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. This is the c
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27:4-5 There are several COHORTATIV
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} “by driving them away” The He
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DISCUSSION QUESTIONSThis is a study
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following the original author’s i
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Notice how the LORD’S agent is ch
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For morning after morning it will p
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28:16 This verse is a shocking chan
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29This also comes from the LORD of
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. The Jewish St
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Thus the multitude of all the natio
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This was accomplished by1. blob of
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 29:22-2422Ther
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. LutroÇ, “to release”(1) to r
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} “rebellious children” This ti
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Page 338 and 339: CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. Chapters 31-3
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Page 342 and 343: NJB “Ophel” (BDB 779), a sectio
Page 344 and 345: l. eternity everlasting(1) I Kgs. 8
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Page 348 and 349: ISAIAH 33PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MOD
Page 350 and 351: WORD AND PHRASE STUDYNASB (UPDATED)
Page 352 and 353: } “locusts” Locust invasions we
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Page 366 and 367: WORD AND PHRASE STUDYNASB (UPDATED)
Page 368 and 369: . fear not, BDB 431, KB 432, Qal IM
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Page 376 and 377: 2. Arpad was a city in northern Syr
Page 378 and 379: 1. First paragraph2. Second paragra
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Page 382 and 383: 37:19 The truth of v. 18 is seen to
Page 384 and 385: II.3. Model Prayer, Matt. 6:5-13; L
Page 386 and 387: C. Other aspects1. Perseverancea. L
Page 388 and 389: translation. The term can have eith
Page 392 and 393: NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 38:4-64Then th
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Page 400 and 401: Also note that the Babylon of Hezek
Page 402 and 403: B. A. Briggs in his book, General I
Page 404 and 405: APPENDIX TWOINTRODUCTION TO OLD TES
Page 406 and 407: E. Prophets represent God to the pe
Page 408 and 409: APPENDIX THREEA BRIEF HISTORICAL SU
Page 410 and 411: Haran. He engaged the Babylonian fo
Page 412 and 413: n. 1340-1310 Haremhab3. 19th Dynast
Page 414 and 415: APPENDIX FOURCHARTSOLD TESTAMENT TI
Page 416 and 417: KINGS AND EVENTS OF THE BABYLONIAN,
Page 418 and 419: GREECE359 - 336 Philip II of Macedo
Page 420 and 421: GREEK359 - 336 Philip II of Macedon
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JUDAH’S KINGS (I CHR. 3:1-16; MAT
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APPENDIX FIVE - DOCTRINAL STATEMENT
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The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary

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