The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary
The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary
28:16 This verse is a shocking change of mode, a theological reversal of hope amidst judgment.YHWH’s redemptive universal plan reveals itself again. Messiah will come! It is only one verse, butwhat a verse!This is a series of Messianic titles using “construction” metaphors.1. The term “stone” (BDB 6) is often used of God; however, the term “cornerstone” (BDB 819)has a unique connection with the Messiah (cf. Ps. 118:22; Matt. 21:42, 44: Luke 20:17; Acts4:11; Rom. 9:33; 10:11; Eph. 2:20; I Pet. 2:6-8).2. The term “tested” (BDB 103) is an Egyptian loan word for a fine grain stone suitable forcarving. This seems to mean that God is going to inscribe the cornerstone with the phrasefound in 16d. The key to this thought is the term “believes” (cf. Isa. 30:15 for a similaremphasis on “trust”).3. The term “foundation” (BDB 414) is found only here and II Chr. 8:16, where it refers toSolomon’s laying the foundation of the temple. Notice that this foundation is “firmly placed”(NASB margin, “well-laid”). The Hebrew has another doubling of a word. This is where thedescription “firmly” or “well-laid” comes from.See Special Topics: Cornerstone at 8:14-15 and Special Topic: Believe, Trust, Faith, and Faithfulness inthe OT at 22:23.28:17 “justice” See Special Topic: Judge, Judgment, Justice at 3:1.} “measuring-line. . .level” These were ways of measuring the straightness (cf. II Kgs. 21:13) of thehorizontal (BDB 876 II) and vertical (BDB 1054).} “righteousness” See Special Topic: Righteousness at 1:4.} Lines c and d are again plays on water (cf. 27:12). The “refuge of lies” and “the secret place” mayrefer to the practice of idolatry in the temple itself (cf. Ezekiel 8 and Deut. 27:15). YHWH does not actor speak in a secret, dark place, but openly in the light (cf. 45:19; 48:16).28:18NASB“canceled”NKJV, NRSV,JB “annulled”TEV“abolished”NJB“broken”LXX, Peshitta,REB “will not stand”This Hebrew VERB (BDB 877, KB 1086,Qal IMPERFECT) means “to arise,” “to stand,” or “to standup.” It is metaphorical for that which will not happen (cf. 7:7; 8:10; 28:18; Pro. 15:22). God’s will andplan supersede human plans (cf. 14:24-27; 40:8; 46:10; Ps. 35:10-11; Pro. 19:21; Jer. 44:28)!28:19 This verse relates to “the overwhelming scourge” of v. 18. It (the invader, cf. II Kgs. 24:2) willcome again and again and bring terror and confusion. They will not be able to understand why (incontrast to 50:4).28:20 This proverb reflects the inadequacy of human plans.28:21 “Mount Perazim. . .the valley of Gibeon” These both refer to God’s aid to David in his battleagainst the Philistines; however, in the current situation God is not on Judah’s side, but on Assyria’s (cf.II Sam. 5:17-21; I Chr. 14:13-17).279
} “To do His task, His unusual task,And to do His work, His extraordinary work” Many people refer this unusual task to God’sjudgment of His own people; however, I think, because of the context, the unusual task is God’sjudgment, but through the use of the godless Assyrian Empire (cf. Habakkuk, NIDOTTE, vol. 1, p. 775).28:22NASB “of decisive destruction”NKJV “a destruction determined”NRSV “a decree of destruction”TEV “decision to destroy”NJB “irrevocably decided”REB “destruction decreed”The VERB (BDB 358, KB 356, Qal PERFECT) in the Qal stem denotes “to cut,” “decree,” or “todetermine.”1. human life span, Job 14:52. future events, Isa. 10:22-23; Dan. 9:26-27History is not undirected; it is teleological. It has a divine plan and purpose (i.e., the redemption offallen humanity, cf. Gen. 3:15). Notice the statements of1. Luke 22:222. Acts 2:233. Acts 3:184. Acts 4:285. Acts 13:29} “on all the earth” The universal judgment seen in chapters 24-27 is repeated, but thank God, therewill also be a universal redemption (i.e., v. 16)!NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 28:23-2923Give ear and hear my voice,Listen and hear my words.24Does the farmer plow continually to plant seed?Does he continually turn and harrow the ground?25Does he not level its surfaceAnd sow dill and scatter cumminAnd plant wheat in rows,Barley in its place and rye within its area?26For his God instructs and teaches him properly.27For dill is not threshed with a threshing sledge,Nor is the cartwheel driven over cummin;But dill is beaten out with a rod, and cummin with a club.28Grain for bread is crushed,Indeed, he does not continue to thresh it forever.Because the wheel of his cart and his horses eventually damage it,He does not thresh it longer.280
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- Page 262 and 263: 6. completely despoiled, v. 3, BDB
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- Page 286 and 287: NJB, REB “we invoke your name”L
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- Page 294 and 295: } “by driving them away” The He
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- Page 330 and 331: JB“will be battered”LXX, Peshit
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- Page 334 and 335: } “the LORD of hosts come down”
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} “To do <strong>His</strong> task, <strong>His</strong> unusual task,And to do <strong>His</strong> work, <strong>His</strong> extraordinary work” Many people refer this unusual task to God’sjudgment of <strong>His</strong> own people; however, I think, because of the context, the unusual task is God’sjudgment, but through the use of the godless Assyrian Empire (cf. Habakkuk, NIDOTTE, vol. 1, p. 775).28:22NASB “of decisive destruction”NKJV “a destruction determined”NRSV “a decree of destruction”TEV “decision to destroy”NJB “irrevocably decided”REB “destruction decreed”<strong>The</strong> VERB (BDB 358, KB 356, Qal PERFECT) in the Qal stem denotes “to cut,” “decree,” or “todetermine.”1. human life span, Job 14:52. future events, Isa. 10:22-23; Dan. 9:26-27<strong>His</strong>tory is not undirected; it is teleological. It has a divine plan <strong>and</strong> purpose (i.e., the redemption offallen humanity, cf. Gen. 3:15). Notice the statements of1. Luke 22:222. Acts 2:233. Acts 3:184. Acts 4:285. Acts 13:29} “on all the earth” <strong>The</strong> universal judgment seen in chapters 24-27 is repeated, but thank God, therewill also be a universal redemption (i.e., v. 16)!NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 28:23-2923Give ear <strong>and</strong> hear my voice,Listen <strong>and</strong> hear my words.24Does the farmer plow continually to plant seed?Does he continually turn <strong>and</strong> harrow the ground?25Does he not level its surfaceAnd sow dill <strong>and</strong> scatter cumminAnd plant wheat in rows,Barley in its place <strong>and</strong> rye within its area?26For his God instructs <strong>and</strong> teaches him properly.27For dill is not threshed with a threshing sledge,Nor is the cartwheel driven over cummin;But dill is beaten out with a rod, <strong>and</strong> cummin with a club.28Grain for bread is crushed,Indeed, he does not continue to thresh it forever.Because the wheel of his cart <strong>and</strong> his horses eventually damage it,He does not thresh it longer.280
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