The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary

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6. completely despoiled, v. 3, BDB 102, KB 117, Niphal INFINITIVE ABSOLUTE and IMPERFECTVERB of the same root denotes intensity. YHWH takes back His gifts, given in creation (cf.vv. 5-6). This is a reversal of the purpose of original creation, but a faithful remnant willsurvive (cf. v. 6)!Verses 1 and 3 are very similar to God’s judgment of the earth (69!, BDB 75) in Noah’s day (cf.Genesis 6-9; also note the attempts to avoid God’s judgment in 2:10,19,21). Worldwide emptying isexactly the opposite of creation’s purpose!SPECIAL TOPIC: LAND, COUNTRY, EARTH (69!)Like all Hebrew roots, context is crucial in determining their intended meaning. The limitednumber of Hebrew roots (i.e., an ancient Semitic language) causes each of them to function withdifferent meanings and connotations. This root (BDB 75, KB 90) can mean1. the whole planet (although the ancients did not realize its size and shape. Usually it is used ofthe “known world”)a. Genesis 1-2; 6-9; 10:32; 11:1,4,8,9; 14:19; 18:18,25; 22:18, etc.b. Exodus 9:29; 19:5c. Psalm 8:1,9; 24:1; 47:2,7; Jer. 25:26,29,30d. Proverbs 8:31e. Isaiah 2:19,21; 6:3; 11:4,9,12; 12:52. earth in contrast to heavena. Genesis 1:2b. Exodus 20:4c. Deuteronomy 5:8; 30:19d. Isaiah 37:163. metaphor for the human inhabitants of the planeta. Genesis 6:11; 11:1b. I Kings 2:2; 10:24c. Job 37:12d. Psalm 33:8; 66:44. country or territorya. Genesis 10:10,11; 11:28,31b. esp. Israel (a gift from YHWH, He owns it)5. soil, cf. Joshua 7:216. underworld (KB 91)a. Exodus 15:12b. Psalm 22:29; 71:20; Jer. 17:13; Jonah 2:67. new worlda. Isaiah 9:1-7; 65:17; 66:22b. see NT, Rom. 8:19-22; Gal. 6:15; II Pet. 3:13; Rev. 21:1,5Remember, context, context, context is crucial. Often cognate roots can help, but not always.} “distorts its surface” This could either be a metaphor of God’s judgment on the earth in physicalterms (lit. “twist,” BDB 730, KB 796, Piel PERFECT) or it may be a metaphor of God emptying earth’sinhabitants as someone would clean dirty kitchen pans.237
} “and scatters its inhabitants” This is very similar to the terminology used in Genesis 10 for thetower of Babel. Here it denotes exile.24:2 This shows that all social distinctions are removed. Everyone is judged (cf. v. 4).24:3 “for the LORD has spoken this word” This shows the certainty of this event because God has saidit (BDB 180, KB 210, Piel PERFECT, cf. 24:3; 25:8; 40:8; 55:10-11). Also note the intended contrast;the spoken word of creation is now the spoken word of judgment.24:4 Note the description of the earth.1. mourns – (1) BDB 5 I, KB 6, Qal PERFECT, cf. Jer. 23:10; for the personification of the earth,also note v. 7, or (2) BDB 5 II means “dry up,” which fits the parallelism of vv. 4 and 7 better(cf. NRSV, REB)2. withers – BDB 615, KB 663, Qal PERFECT (twice)3. fades – BDB 51, KB 63, Pulal PERFECT, cf. 16:8; 33:94. polluted – BDB 337, KB 335, Qal PERFECTNotice the number of PERFECT VERBS in vv. 4 and 5 that denote a settled action, a complete action!All of these VERBS have a sound similarity.The God of creation is acting as sovereign in His creation. It was made to be a stage for Him andmankind to interact, but His creatures have polluted and defiled it by their action. It was created forabundance, but now lies judged and unproductive.} “the world” This Hebrew term (BDB 385) is often used in conjunction with “earth” (BDB 75, cf.Job 37:12; Ps. 96:13; 98:9; Jer. 10:12; Lam. 4:12, see Special Topic at v. 1). Isaiah uses this word morethan any other prophet (cf. NIDOTTE, vol. 4, p. 273, cf. 13:11; 24:4; 34:1).} “the exalted of the people of the earth fade away” The RSV translation (with a change of vowelsonly) implies that this phrase relates to the judgment of heaven and earth (i.e., all creation), not to theelite (i.e., “height”) people of the earth only.24:5 “The earth is also polluted by its inhabitants” Nature suffers because of mankind’s sin (cf.24:20; Gen. 3:17-19; Num. 35:33; Jer. 3:1-2,9; Rom. 8:18-25).1. they transgressed laws, BDB 716, KB 778, Qal PERFECT2. they violated statutes, BDB 322, KB 321, Qal PERFECT3. they broke the everlasting covenant, BDB 830, KB 974, Hiphil PERFECTThis does not refer to the Mosaic Law, but either (1) to the natural revelation found in Ps. 19:1-6and Rom. 1:19, 20; 2:14-15 or (2) to Noah’s day (cf. Gen. 6:5-7,11-12, possibly specifically to 9:4-6).The same phrase “everlasting covenant” appears in Gen. 9:16. This everlasting covenant would relate tothe taking of human life (cf. 26:21). Murder has consequences! Life belongs to God. He wantsmankind to be fruitful and fill the earth, not kill each other!24:6 “a curse devours the earth” This sounds very similar to the curse of Gen. 3:17-19. Theologicallythis functions like Rom. 1:18-3:20; all have sinned (i.e., broken a covenant, cf. v. 5) and need God’ssalvation!}NASB, NKJV,JBNRSVREB“are burned”“dwindled”“dwindle”238
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YOU CAN UNDERSTAND THE BIBLEISAIAH:
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Isaiah 26 .........................
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Elder, II John 1 ..................
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The Hebrew text used is Biblia Hebr
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II.Aspects of PredicationA. VERBSTh
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should clearly grasp, not so much t
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c. something which is possible or e
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NIVNJBNRSVOTPGREBRSVNew Internation
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A. The New King James Version (NKJV
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B. I believe the Bible was written
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. contemporary word usagec. genre3.
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In applying the Bible, it is import
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4. ambiguous textsAlthough the Engl
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2. by chronology3. by events which
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(3) Israel as(a) wife, 50:1(b) serv
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a. Hezekiah fully participated in t
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IX.MAIN TRUTHSA. Isaiah held Judah
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1:27-31(27-31) (27-31) (27-31)1:27-
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c. El-Shaddai (“God Almighty” o
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c. from a Ugaritic (Canaanite) root
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SPECIAL TOPIC: BOB’S EVANGELICAL
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incapable of appropriate action (cf
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Here is a good quote to conclude th
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} “whole head. . .whole heart”
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SPECIAL TOPIC: THE REMNANT, THREE S
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2. other sexual sins, Lev. 18:26,27
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(4) redemption(5) glorification(6)
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3. the covenant with Abraham (cf. G
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3. Asis - This is obviously alcohol
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 1:24-2624There
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SPECIAL TOPIC: FIREFire has both po
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ISAIAH 2PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MODE
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C. The resultant Judgment of YHWH,
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Zaphon in the far north (cf. Isa. 1
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The world mission of gospel proclam
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Lord.” I have come face to face w
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and make it “traders.” It seems
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21In order to go into the caverns o
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Woe to them!For they have brought e
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3:4 Judah’s elder leadership will
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These phrases could be1. literala.
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3:17NASB, NJB,REB “make their for
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} “the Branch of the LORD” To d
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SPECIAL TOPIC: THE TWO BOOKS OF GOD
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BRIEF OUTLINEA. The Parabolic Song,
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6I will lay it waste;It will not be
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SPECIAL TOPIC: ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN
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them spiritual ears and eyes (cf. D
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2. Jeremiah changed it from a place
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5:17 “Then the lambs will graze a
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So their root will become like rot
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The term “nations” in the Masor
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. There has alw
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II.9. human form - Exod. 24:9-11; P
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SPECIAL TOPIC: HOLYI. Old Testament
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12The LORD has removed men far away
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} “Send me” The VERB “send”
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} “Whose stump remains when it is
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3. Third paragraph4. Etc.BACKGROUND
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} “Shear-jashub” This is Isaiah
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} “from the LORD your God” It i
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7:18 “In that day” “That day
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8:1 “Take for yourself a large ta
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4. Huldah was a prophetess whom Kin
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Even the king of Assyria and all hi
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55:8-11; Ps. 33:11). God needs nor
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III.C. Paul uses the concept of a
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The second NOUN, “spiritists” (
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Read the chapter in one sitting. Id
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Because of the desert between Mesop
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 9:8-128The Lor
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19By the fury of the LORD of hosts
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following the original author’s i
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10:6 “a godless nation. . .the pe
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Or like a rod lifting him who is no
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27So it will be in that day, that h
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10:33 The second half of this verse
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2. Second paragraph3. Third paragra
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a. counsel, BDB 420b. strength, BDB
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The fatling would have sacrificial
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(2) Mark 10:41(3) Luke 14:31; 15:8;
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ISAIAH 12PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MOD
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} “although You were angry with m
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WORD AND PHRASE STUDYNASB (UPDATED)
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13:2 This describes the gathering o
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6. little ones dashed to pieces in
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2. The concept of a personal archen
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} “Jacob. . .Israel” These two
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happened, and just as I have planne
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14:12 “How you have fallen from h
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Loss of descendants was seen as a g
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DISCUSSION QUESTIONSThis is a study
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSLocations Mentio
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15:2 “Dibon. . .Nebo. . .Medeba
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16:2 Moab is described as1. fleeing
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12So it will come about when Moab p
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} “the remnant of Syria” This p
Page 212 and 213: SPECIAL TOPIC: FERTILITY WORSHIP OF
Page 214 and 215: NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 17:12-1412Alas
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Page 220 and 221: ISAIAH 19PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MOD
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Page 224 and 225: 7. purified the water at Marah, Exo
Page 226 and 227: NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 19:16-1716In t
Page 228 and 229: } “a Savior and a Champion” In
Page 232 and 233: 6. sparing Jerusalem from Assyria,
Page 234 and 235: 3. Third paragraph4. Etc.CONTEXTUAL
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Page 238 and 239: NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 21:11-1211The
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Page 246 and 247: 22:15-19 This describes YHWH’s ju
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Page 252 and 253: CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. This condemna
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Page 256 and 257: 23:10 The rival maritime empire of
Page 258 and 259: 23:17-18 The riches of Phoenicia wi
Page 260 and 261: BACKGROUND STUDYA. Isaiah 24-27 for
Page 264 and 265: Peshitta “shall be destroyed”LX
Page 266 and 267: } “As the shaking of an olive tre
Page 268 and 269: angels who have aided in either the
Page 272 and 273: 4. You have made a city into a heap
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Page 276 and 277: 25:9 “in that day” This refers
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Page 284 and 285: VIII. “His words”A. BDB 202 - D
Page 286 and 287: NJB, REB “we invoke your name”L
Page 288 and 289: NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 26:20-2120Come
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Page 292 and 293: 27:4-5 There are several COHORTATIV
Page 294 and 295: } “by driving them away” The He
Page 296 and 297: DISCUSSION QUESTIONSThis is a study
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Page 300 and 301: Notice how the LORD’S agent is ch
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Page 308 and 309: CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. The Jewish St
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This was accomplished by1. blob of
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 29:22-2422Ther
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. LutroÇ, “to release”(1) to r
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} “rebellious children” This ti
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Prophesy illusions.11Get out of the
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. see not, BDB 906, KB 1157, negate
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 30:1818Therefo
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2. good crops, v. 23a. rich (BDB 20
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JB“will be battered”LXX, Peshit
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B. The Anchor Bible has an interest
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} “the LORD of hosts come down”
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} “whose fire. . .furnace” This
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. Chapters 31-3
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12Beat your breasts for the pleasan
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NJB “Ophel” (BDB 779), a sectio
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l. eternity everlasting(1) I Kgs. 8
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all people are honored and treated
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} “locusts” Locust invasions we
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33:13 “You who are far away. . .y
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3. or bothIn v. 17, both “your ey
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B. Because there is a double space
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34:4 This hyperbolic language relat
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NKJV “night creature”NRSV, NJB
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1. seek, BDB 205, KB 233, Qal IMPER
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. fear not, BDB 431, KB 432, Qal IM
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36:2 “And the king of Assyria sen
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36:7 “whose high places and whose
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2. Arpad was a city in northern Syr
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1. First paragraph2. Second paragra
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} “I will make him fall by the sw
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37:19 The truth of v. 18 is seen to
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II.3. Model Prayer, Matt. 6:5-13; L
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C. Other aspects1. Perseverancea. L
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translation. The term can have eith
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 38:4-64Then th
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} “LORD. . .LORD” The MT has Ya
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The MT has the VERB “loved” (8-
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Also note that the Babylon of Hezek
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B. A. Briggs in his book, General I
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APPENDIX TWOINTRODUCTION TO OLD TES
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E. Prophets represent God to the pe
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APPENDIX THREEA BRIEF HISTORICAL SU
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Haran. He engaged the Babylonian fo
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n. 1340-1310 Haremhab3. 19th Dynast
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APPENDIX FOURCHARTSOLD TESTAMENT TI
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KINGS AND EVENTS OF THE BABYLONIAN,
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GREECE359 - 336 Philip II of Macedo
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GREEK359 - 336 Philip II of Macedon
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JUDAH’S KINGS (I CHR. 3:1-16; MAT
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APPENDIX FIVE - DOCTRINAL STATEMENT
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The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary

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