The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary
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The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary

The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary

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2. the palace, temple, and fortress were on an island (originally two small islands) just off thecoast (cf. Ezek. 27:32)This made it almost invulnerable until Alexander the Great in 332 B.C. destroyed the coastal part andused the debris to build a causeway to the island fortress (cf. Ezek. 26:3-5).The ships from Tarshish had no where to offload their cargo, nor receive different cargo to takehome.There is a textual issue connected to “harbor.” It is literally “come in” (NJB, “no way of gettingin,” BDB 97, KB 112, Qal INFINITIVE CONSTRUCT), which may denote a harbor or haven.It is parallel to v. 14, so NRSV translates the line as “for your fortress is destroyed.”} “Cyprus” The MT has “Kittim” (BDB 508), possibly taken from the name of a Roman city on theisland of Cyprus called “Citium,” which was originally a Phoenician colony (cf. v. 7).Some identify the inhabitants with one of the sons of Javan, Elishah (cf. Gen. 10:4; Ezek. 27:7).23:2 “Be silent” This Qal IMPERATIVE is parallel to “wail” in v. 1 (BDB 198 I). There is speculationbased on a Ugaritic root that it reflects a separate root (BDB 199 II) “lament” (“wail,” TEV; “lament,”REB).} “Sidon” This was a coastal city (cf. Gen. 10:19) of Phoenicia about twenty-five miles north of Tyre.It was originally the main city (cf. Josh. 13:4,6). The name seems to have come from the eldest son ofCanaan, son of Ham (cf. Gen. 10:15). Tyre and Sidon are often linked together in the NT in reference tothe nation of Phoenicia (cf. Matt. 11:21,22; 15:21; Acts 12:20).}NASB, NRSV,NJBNKJVTEVJB“Your messengers crossed the sea”“Whom those who cross the sea have filled”“You sent agents”“whose goods traveled over the sea”The NASB follows the Isaiah scroll from the DSS. The MT has “passed over the sea (BDB 569,KB 583, Piel PERFECT) they replenish you.” The term “your messengers,” in its inflected form, is verysimilar in Hebrew to the verb “fill.”1. VERB, +&!-/ (“fill,”BDB 569, NKJV)2. NOUN, +*,!-/ (“messenger,” BDB 521, NASB)23:3NASB, JB “the grain of the Nile”NKJV, NRSV,REB “the grain of Shihor”NJB“the grain of the Canal”Peshitta “the harvest of the river”The MT has “grain of Shihor, harvest of the Nile.” Shihor (BDB 1009) means “the pond of Horus”(KB 1477). It referred to1. an eastern branch of the Nile (BDB 1009)2. a canal of black (BDB 1007 I) water3. a lake in the eastern delta region229

It is spelled differently in1. Josh. 13:13; I Chr. 13:5, 9&(*–2. Jer. 2:18, 9&(–3. Isa. 23:3, 9(–but all refer to the same area in Egypt.} “she was the market of nations” See Ezek. 27:3-23.23:4 “Be ashamed” The VERB (BDB 101, KB 116, Qal IMPERATIVE) is used of God’s judgment onidols (cf. Jer. 50:2). Here it denotes the shame of a defeated nation (cf. 1:29; 19:9; 37:27; 41:11). Thesenations can experience forgiveness and restoration if they will turn to YHWH (cf. 49:23); this is alsotrue of His own people (cf. 29:23; 45:17; 54:4).} Sidon is personified. The NRSV footnote says “Ruined Sidon is barren like the sea without sailors(i.e., young men).”23:7 This describes Tyre (cf. v. 5)1. jubilant city (i.e., prideful and self-satisfied, cf. 22:2; 24:8; 32:13)2. very old city (i.e., pride in their antiquity)3. colonizing nation (pride in their international influence)NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 23:8-118Who has planned this against Tyre, the bestower of crowns,Whose merchants were princes, whose traders were the honored of the earth?9The LORD of hosts has planned it, to defile the pride of all beauty,To despise all the honored of the earth.10Overflow your land like the Nile, O daughter of Tarshish,There is no more restraint.11He has stretched His hand out over the sea,He has made the kingdoms tremble;The LORD has given a command concerning Canaan to demolish its strongholds.23:8-12 This strophe is united by the use of the VERB “planned” (lit. “advised” or “purposed,” BDB 419,KB 421, Qal PERFECT, cf. vv. 8,9; 14:24, 26, 27; 19:12,17). There is an intentionality behindhistory—YHWH! The kingdoms of this world make their plans (v. 8), but the God of creation alsomakes His (v. 9).23:8NASB, NRSV “the bestower of crowns”NKJV, Peshitta “the crowning city”TEV“the imperial city”NJB“who used to hand out crowns”REB“the city with crowns in its gifts”The VERB (BDB 742, KB 815, Hiphil PARTICIPLE) means “to crown.” It could refer to1. crown bestower (NASB, NRSV, NJB, REB)2. crown wearer (TEV, NKJV, Peshitta)230

It is spelled differently in1. Josh. 13:13; I Chr. 13:5, 9&(*–2. Jer. 2:18, 9&(–3. Isa. 23:3, 9(–but all refer to the same area in Egypt.} “she was the market of nations” See Ezek. 27:3-23.23:4 “Be ashamed” <strong>The</strong> VERB (BDB 101, KB 116, Qal IMPERATIVE) is used of God’s judgment onidols (cf. Jer. 50:2). Here it denotes the shame of a defeated nation (cf. 1:29; 19:9; 37:27; 41:11). <strong>The</strong>senations can experience forgiveness <strong>and</strong> restoration if they will turn to YHWH (cf. 49:23); this is alsotrue of <strong>His</strong> own people (cf. 29:23; 45:17; 54:4).} Sidon is personified. <strong>The</strong> NRSV footnote says “Ruined Sidon is barren like the sea without sailors(i.e., young men).”23:7 This describes Tyre (cf. v. 5)1. jubilant city (i.e., prideful <strong>and</strong> self-satisfied, cf. 22:2; 24:8; 32:13)2. very old city (i.e., pride in their antiquity)3. colonizing nation (pride in their international influence)NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 23:8-118Who has planned this against Tyre, the bestower of crowns,Whose merchants were princes, whose traders were the honored of the earth?9<strong>The</strong> LORD of hosts has planned it, to defile the pride of all beauty,To despise all the honored of the earth.10Overflow your l<strong>and</strong> like the Nile, O daughter of Tarshish,<strong>The</strong>re is no more restraint.11He has stretched <strong>His</strong> h<strong>and</strong> out over the sea,He has made the kingdoms tremble;<strong>The</strong> LORD has given a comm<strong>and</strong> concerning Canaan to demolish its strongholds.23:8-12 This strophe is united by the use of the VERB “planned” (lit. “advised” or “purposed,” BDB 419,KB 421, Qal PERFECT, cf. vv. 8,9; 14:24, 26, 27; 19:12,17). <strong>The</strong>re is an intentionality behindhistory—YHWH! <strong>The</strong> kingdoms of this world make their plans (v. 8), but the God of creation alsomakes <strong>His</strong> (v. 9).23:8NASB, NRSV “the bestower of crowns”NKJV, Peshitta “the crowning city”TEV“the imperial city”NJB“who used to h<strong>and</strong> out crowns”REB“the city with crowns in its gifts”<strong>The</strong> VERB (BDB 742, KB 815, Hiphil PARTICIPLE) means “to crown.” It could refer to1. crown bestower (NASB, NRSV, NJB, REB)2. crown wearer (TEV, NKJV, Peshitta)230

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