The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary

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22:15-19 This describes YHWH’s judgment on Shebna, King Hezekiah’s steward. The exact reason forShebna’s replacement with Eliakim (cf. vv. 20-25) is uncertain, but it must have been serious and incontext, may be a “self-reliant spirit.”Shebna is probably “Shebnah” of II Kgs. 18:18, who was Eliakim’s scribe.22:16 This is a series of questions challenging Shebna’s right to serve.22:17-19 Sin has consequences. Leaders are especially responsible. YHWH is described as thepersonal agent of judgment.1. to hurl you, v. 17, BDB 376, KB 373, Pipel PARTICIPLE; and related NOUN (BDB 376), “hurlyou violently”2. to grasp you firmly, v. 17, Qal PERFECT and Qal INFINITIVE ABSOLUTE of BDB 742 II, KB 814II3. “roll you tightly like a ball to be cast,” v. 18, Qal INFINITIVE ABSOLUTE and Qal IMPERFECTVERB, as well as the NOUN, of the same root (BDB 857, KB 1039)4. die an outcast in a foreign land, v. 18c,d5. “I will depose you,” v. 19, BDB 213, KB 239, Qal PERFECT6. “I will pull you down,” v. 19, BDB 248, KB 256, Qal IMPERFECTThere is an interesting lexical theory connected to #2. NIDOTTE, vol. 3, pp. 380-381, suggests that theroot means “delouse,” as a metaphor for complete destruction (cf. Jer. 43:12).22:20-25 These verses describe what YHWH will do to Shebna’s successor, Eliakim (cf. II Kgs. 18:18,26,37; 19:2; Isa. 22:20; 36:3,11,22; 37:2).1. YHWH will summon him, lit. “call,” BDB 894, KB 1128, Qal PERFECT2. YHWH will clothe him with a tunic, v. 21, BDB 527, KB 519, Hiphil PERFECT3. YHWH will tie a sash securely about him, v. 21, VERB from #2 implied4. YHWH will entrust him with your authority, v. 21, BDB 304, KB 302, Piel IMPERFECT5. YHWH will set the key of the house of David on his shoulders, v. 22, BDB 678, KB 733, QalPERFECT6. YHWH will drive him like a peg into a firm place, v. 23, BDB 1075, KB 1787, Qal PERFECT22:21-23 These verses describe what he will do.1. he will become a father to the inhabitants of Jerusalem2. he opens and no one will shut, he shuts and no will open, v. 223. he will become a throne of glory to his father’s house, v. 23 (cf. v. 24)In some sense these verses see Eliakim as a type or foreshadowing of the Messiah. This sameforeshadowing is seen in Zechariah with Zerubbabel and Joshua (cf. Zech. 3-4).22:23 “firm” See Special Topic following, especially II., A., 1., b., (2).SPECIAL TOPIC: BELIEVE, TRUST, FAITH, AND FAITHFULNESS IN THE OLD TESTAMENT (0/!)I. Opening StatementIt needs to be stated that the use of this theological concept, so crucial to the NT, is not asclearly defined in the OT. It is surely there, but demonstrated in key selected passages and persons.The OT blends1. the individual and the community2. the personal encounter and covenant obedience221
II.III.Faith is both personal encounter and daily lifestyle! It is easier to describe in a person than ina lexical form (i.e., word study). This personal aspect is best illustrated in1. Abraham and his seed2. David and IsraelThese men met/encountered God and their lives were permanently changed (not perfect lives, butcontinuing faith). Testing revealed weaknesses and strengths of their faith encounter with God, butthe intimate, trusting relationship continued through time! It was tested and refined, but itcontinued as evidenced by their devotion and lifestyle.Main root usedA. 0/! (BDB 52)1. VERBa. Qal stem – to support, to nourish (i.e., II Kgs. 10:1,5; Esther 2:7, the nontheologicalusage)b. Niphal stem – to make sure or firm, to establish, to confirm, to be faithful ortrustworthy(1) of men, Isa. 8:2; 53:1; Jer. 40;14(2) of things, Isa. 22:23(3) of God, Deut. 7:9,12; Isa. 49:7; Jer. 42:5c. Hiphil stem – to stand firm, to believe, to trust(1) Abraham believed God, Gen. 15:6(2) the Israelites in Egypt believed, Exod. 4:31; 14:31 (negated in Deut. 1:32)(3) Israelites believed YHWH spoke through Moses, Exod. 19:9; Ps. 106:12,24(4) Ahaz did not trust in God, Isa 7:9(5) whoever believes in it/him, Isa. 28:16(6) believe truths about God, Isa. 43:10-122. NOUN (MASCULINE) – faithfulness (i.e., Deut. 32:20; Isa. 25:1; 26:2)3. ADVERB – truly, verily, I agree, may it be so (cf. Deut. 27:15-26; I Kgs. 1:36; I Chr.16:36; Isa. 65:16; Jer. 11:5; 28:6). This is the liturgical use of “amen” in the OT and NT.B. ;/! (BDB 54) FEMININE NOUN, firmness, faithfulness, truth1. of men, Isa. 10:20; 42:3; 48:12. of God, Exod. 34:6; Ps. 117:2; Isa. 38:18,19; 61:83. of truth, Deut. 32:4; I Kgs. 22:16; Ps. 33:4; 98:3; 100:5; 119:30; Jer. 9:5; Zech. 8:16C. %1&/! (BDB 53), firmness, steadfastness, fidelity1. of hands, Exod. 17:122. of times, Isa. 33:63. of humans, Jer. 5:3; 7:28; 9:24. of God, Ps. 40:11; 88:12; 89:2,3,6,9; 119:138Paul’s use of this OT conceptA. Paul bases his new understanding of YHWH and the OT on his personal encounter with Jesuson the road to Damascus (cf. Acts 9; 22; 26).B. He found OT support for his new understanding in two key OT passages which use the root0/!.222
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YOU CAN UNDERSTAND THE BIBLEISAIAH:
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Isaiah 26 .........................
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Elder, II John 1 ..................
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The Hebrew text used is Biblia Hebr
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II.Aspects of PredicationA. VERBSTh
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should clearly grasp, not so much t
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c. something which is possible or e
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NIVNJBNRSVOTPGREBRSVNew Internation
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A. The New King James Version (NKJV
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B. I believe the Bible was written
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. contemporary word usagec. genre3.
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In applying the Bible, it is import
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4. ambiguous textsAlthough the Engl
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2. by chronology3. by events which
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(3) Israel as(a) wife, 50:1(b) serv
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a. Hezekiah fully participated in t
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IX.MAIN TRUTHSA. Isaiah held Judah
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1:27-31(27-31) (27-31) (27-31)1:27-
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c. El-Shaddai (“God Almighty” o
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c. from a Ugaritic (Canaanite) root
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SPECIAL TOPIC: BOB’S EVANGELICAL
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incapable of appropriate action (cf
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Here is a good quote to conclude th
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} “whole head. . .whole heart”
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SPECIAL TOPIC: THE REMNANT, THREE S
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2. other sexual sins, Lev. 18:26,27
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(4) redemption(5) glorification(6)
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3. the covenant with Abraham (cf. G
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3. Asis - This is obviously alcohol
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 1:24-2624There
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SPECIAL TOPIC: FIREFire has both po
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ISAIAH 2PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MODE
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C. The resultant Judgment of YHWH,
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Zaphon in the far north (cf. Isa. 1
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The world mission of gospel proclam
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Lord.” I have come face to face w
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and make it “traders.” It seems
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21In order to go into the caverns o
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Woe to them!For they have brought e
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3:4 Judah’s elder leadership will
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These phrases could be1. literala.
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3:17NASB, NJB,REB “make their for
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} “the Branch of the LORD” To d
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SPECIAL TOPIC: THE TWO BOOKS OF GOD
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BRIEF OUTLINEA. The Parabolic Song,
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6I will lay it waste;It will not be
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SPECIAL TOPIC: ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN
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them spiritual ears and eyes (cf. D
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2. Jeremiah changed it from a place
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5:17 “Then the lambs will graze a
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So their root will become like rot
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The term “nations” in the Masor
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. There has alw
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II.9. human form - Exod. 24:9-11; P
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SPECIAL TOPIC: HOLYI. Old Testament
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12The LORD has removed men far away
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} “Send me” The VERB “send”
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} “Whose stump remains when it is
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3. Third paragraph4. Etc.BACKGROUND
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} “Shear-jashub” This is Isaiah
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} “from the LORD your God” It i
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7:18 “In that day” “That day
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8:1 “Take for yourself a large ta
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4. Huldah was a prophetess whom Kin
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Even the king of Assyria and all hi
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55:8-11; Ps. 33:11). God needs nor
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III.C. Paul uses the concept of a
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The second NOUN, “spiritists” (
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Read the chapter in one sitting. Id
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Because of the desert between Mesop
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 9:8-128The Lor
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19By the fury of the LORD of hosts
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following the original author’s i
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10:6 “a godless nation. . .the pe
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Or like a rod lifting him who is no
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27So it will be in that day, that h
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10:33 The second half of this verse
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2. Second paragraph3. Third paragra
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a. counsel, BDB 420b. strength, BDB
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The fatling would have sacrificial
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(2) Mark 10:41(3) Luke 14:31; 15:8;
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ISAIAH 12PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MOD
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} “although You were angry with m
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WORD AND PHRASE STUDYNASB (UPDATED)
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13:2 This describes the gathering o
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6. little ones dashed to pieces in
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2. The concept of a personal archen
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} “Jacob. . .Israel” These two
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happened, and just as I have planne
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14:12 “How you have fallen from h
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Loss of descendants was seen as a g
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Page 212 and 213: SPECIAL TOPIC: FERTILITY WORSHIP OF
Page 214 and 215: NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 17:12-1412Alas
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Page 226 and 227: NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 19:16-1716In t
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Page 238 and 239: NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 21:11-1211The
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Page 252 and 253: CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. This condemna
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Page 260 and 261: BACKGROUND STUDYA. Isaiah 24-27 for
Page 262 and 263: 6. completely despoiled, v. 3, BDB
Page 264 and 265: Peshitta “shall be destroyed”LX
Page 266 and 267: } “As the shaking of an olive tre
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DISCUSSION QUESTIONSThis is a study
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following the original author’s i
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Notice how the LORD’S agent is ch
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For morning after morning it will p
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28:16 This verse is a shocking chan
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29This also comes from the LORD of
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. The Jewish St
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Thus the multitude of all the natio
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This was accomplished by1. blob of
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 29:22-2422Ther
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. LutroÇ, “to release”(1) to r
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} “rebellious children” This ti
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Prophesy illusions.11Get out of the
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. see not, BDB 906, KB 1157, negate
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 30:1818Therefo
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2. good crops, v. 23a. rich (BDB 20
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JB“will be battered”LXX, Peshit
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B. The Anchor Bible has an interest
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} “the LORD of hosts come down”
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} “whose fire. . .furnace” This
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. Chapters 31-3
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12Beat your breasts for the pleasan
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NJB “Ophel” (BDB 779), a sectio
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l. eternity everlasting(1) I Kgs. 8
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all people are honored and treated
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} “locusts” Locust invasions we
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33:13 “You who are far away. . .y
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3. or bothIn v. 17, both “your ey
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B. Because there is a double space
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34:4 This hyperbolic language relat
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NKJV “night creature”NRSV, NJB
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1. seek, BDB 205, KB 233, Qal IMPER
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. fear not, BDB 431, KB 432, Qal IM
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36:2 “And the king of Assyria sen
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36:7 “whose high places and whose
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2. Arpad was a city in northern Syr
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1. First paragraph2. Second paragra
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} “I will make him fall by the sw
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37:19 The truth of v. 18 is seen to
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II.3. Model Prayer, Matt. 6:5-13; L
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C. Other aspects1. Perseverancea. L
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translation. The term can have eith
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 38:4-64Then th
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} “LORD. . .LORD” The MT has Ya
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The MT has the VERB “loved” (8-
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Also note that the Babylon of Hezek
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B. A. Briggs in his book, General I
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APPENDIX TWOINTRODUCTION TO OLD TES
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E. Prophets represent God to the pe
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APPENDIX THREEA BRIEF HISTORICAL SU
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Haran. He engaged the Babylonian fo
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n. 1340-1310 Haremhab3. 19th Dynast
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APPENDIX FOURCHARTSOLD TESTAMENT TI
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KINGS AND EVENTS OF THE BABYLONIAN,
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GREECE359 - 336 Philip II of Macedo
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GREEK359 - 336 Philip II of Macedon
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JUDAH’S KINGS (I CHR. 3:1-16; MAT
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APPENDIX FIVE - DOCTRINAL STATEMENT
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The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary

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