The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary

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6. sparing Jerusalem from Assyria, 38:77. Hezekiah’s healing, 38:228. false signs, 44:259. agricultural blessings, 55:1310. missionaries to the nations, 66:19}NASB“a token”NKJV, Peshitta “a wonder”NRSV, REB,NJB, LXX “portent”The term “wonder,” “sign,” “portent” (BDB 68) is synonymous with “sign,” “mark” (BDB 16). Itis used often in Exodus and Deuteronomy, but only twice in Isaiah (i.e., 8:18 and 20:3).BDB has two main usages.1. a special demonstration of God’s power2. a token of future events or symbolic acts denoting future events (cf. Zech. 3:8).20:4 This verse describes exile.1. young and old taken (idiom for the entire population)2. naked (BDB 736, idiom for shame, still had a tight-fitting undergarment)3. barefoot (BDB 405, idiom for mourning)4. buttocks uncovered (BDB 1059, only here and II Sam. 10:4, idiom of shame)5. shame/nakedness (BDB 788, see Assyrian wall pictures)This verse makes it very clear that Isaiah shocked his culture by going partially nude/naked for threeyears to illustrate a theological truth/prophecy. Nakedness was part of the cursing of Deuteronomy (cf.28:48), which reflected exile.20:5 Because of Cush/Egypt’s trust in themselves (i.e., army, wisdom, wealth, religion) they will be1. dismayed, BDB 369, KB 365, Qal PERFECT, cf. 7:8; 8:9 (thrice); 9:4; 20:5; 30:31; 31:4,9;37:27; 51:6,72. ashamed, BDB 101, KB 116, Qal PERFECT, cf. 1:29; 19:9; 20:5; 24:23; 26:11; 29:22; 30:5;37:27; 41:11; 44:9,11 (twice); 45:16,17,24; 49:23; 50:7; 54:4; 65:13; 66:5Obviously these two terms are a major part of Isaiah’s message, both negatively and positively!20:6 This verse links Ashdod (v. 1) with all the inhabitants of the coastal plain of Palestine. Apparentlythe Egyptians had promised military aid if Assyria invaded, but they could/did not (cf. 30:7; 31:3).There was no one to deliver (cf. 10:3).Surely, this chapter bolstered Isaiah’s message to Hezekiah not to make an alliance with Egypt (cf.30:1-5; 31:1-3).207
ISAIAH 21PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MODERN TRANSLATIONSNASB NKJV NRSV TEV NJBGod Commands ThatBabylon Be TakenThe Fall of BabylonProclaimedAgainst BabylonA Vision of the Fall ofBabylonThe Fall of Babylon21:1-10(1-5)(6-7)21:1-2(1b-2)21:3-5(3-5)21:6-9(6-9)21:1-10 21:1-2a 21:1-5(1-5)21:2b21:3-421:521:6-7 21:6-10(6-10)(8-10) 21:821:9Oracles About Edom andArabia21:10(10)Proclamation AgainstEdom21:10Concerning Edom A Message About Edom On Edom21:11-12(11-12)21:11-12(11-12)21:11-12(11b-12)21:11 21:1121:12 21:12Proclamation AgainstArabiaConcerning Arabia A Message About Arabia Against the Arabs21:13-15(13-15)21:13-15(13-15)21:13-15(13-15)21:13-15 21:13a21:13b-15(13b-15)21:16-17 21:16-17 21:16-17 21:16-17 21:16-17READING CYCLE THREE (see p. xvi in introductory section)FOLLOWING THE ORIGINAL AUTHOR’S INTENT AT PARAGRAPH LEVELThis is a study guide commentary, which means that you are responsible for your owninterpretation of the Bible. Each of us must walk in the light we have. You, the Bible, and the HolySpirit are priority in interpretation. You must not relinquish this to a commentator.Read the chapter in one sitting. Identify the subjects (reading cycle #3, p. xvi). Compare yoursubject divisions with the five translations above. Paragraphing is not inspired, but it is the key tofollowing the original author’s intent, which is the heart of interpretation. Every paragraph has one andonly one subject.1. First paragraph2. Second paragraph208
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YOU CAN UNDERSTAND THE BIBLEISAIAH:
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Isaiah 26 .........................
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Elder, II John 1 ..................
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The Hebrew text used is Biblia Hebr
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II.Aspects of PredicationA. VERBSTh
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should clearly grasp, not so much t
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c. something which is possible or e
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NIVNJBNRSVOTPGREBRSVNew Internation
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A. The New King James Version (NKJV
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B. I believe the Bible was written
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. contemporary word usagec. genre3.
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In applying the Bible, it is import
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4. ambiguous textsAlthough the Engl
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2. by chronology3. by events which
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(3) Israel as(a) wife, 50:1(b) serv
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a. Hezekiah fully participated in t
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IX.MAIN TRUTHSA. Isaiah held Judah
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1:27-31(27-31) (27-31) (27-31)1:27-
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c. El-Shaddai (“God Almighty” o
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c. from a Ugaritic (Canaanite) root
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SPECIAL TOPIC: BOB’S EVANGELICAL
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incapable of appropriate action (cf
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Here is a good quote to conclude th
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} “whole head. . .whole heart”
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SPECIAL TOPIC: THE REMNANT, THREE S
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2. other sexual sins, Lev. 18:26,27
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(4) redemption(5) glorification(6)
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3. the covenant with Abraham (cf. G
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3. Asis - This is obviously alcohol
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 1:24-2624There
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SPECIAL TOPIC: FIREFire has both po
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ISAIAH 2PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MODE
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C. The resultant Judgment of YHWH,
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Zaphon in the far north (cf. Isa. 1
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The world mission of gospel proclam
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Lord.” I have come face to face w
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and make it “traders.” It seems
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21In order to go into the caverns o
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Woe to them!For they have brought e
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3:4 Judah’s elder leadership will
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These phrases could be1. literala.
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3:17NASB, NJB,REB “make their for
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} “the Branch of the LORD” To d
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SPECIAL TOPIC: THE TWO BOOKS OF GOD
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BRIEF OUTLINEA. The Parabolic Song,
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6I will lay it waste;It will not be
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SPECIAL TOPIC: ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN
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them spiritual ears and eyes (cf. D
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2. Jeremiah changed it from a place
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5:17 “Then the lambs will graze a
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So their root will become like rot
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The term “nations” in the Masor
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. There has alw
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II.9. human form - Exod. 24:9-11; P
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SPECIAL TOPIC: HOLYI. Old Testament
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12The LORD has removed men far away
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} “Send me” The VERB “send”
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} “Whose stump remains when it is
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3. Third paragraph4. Etc.BACKGROUND
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} “Shear-jashub” This is Isaiah
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} “from the LORD your God” It i
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7:18 “In that day” “That day
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8:1 “Take for yourself a large ta
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4. Huldah was a prophetess whom Kin
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Even the king of Assyria and all hi
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55:8-11; Ps. 33:11). God needs nor
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III.C. Paul uses the concept of a
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The second NOUN, “spiritists” (
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Read the chapter in one sitting. Id
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Because of the desert between Mesop
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 9:8-128The Lor
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19By the fury of the LORD of hosts
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following the original author’s i
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10:6 “a godless nation. . .the pe
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Or like a rod lifting him who is no
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27So it will be in that day, that h
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10:33 The second half of this verse
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2. Second paragraph3. Third paragra
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a. counsel, BDB 420b. strength, BDB
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The fatling would have sacrificial
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(2) Mark 10:41(3) Luke 14:31; 15:8;
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ISAIAH 12PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MOD
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} “although You were angry with m
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WORD AND PHRASE STUDYNASB (UPDATED)
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13:2 This describes the gathering o
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Page 196 and 197: DISCUSSION QUESTIONSThis is a study
Page 198 and 199: CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSLocations Mentio
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Page 204 and 205: 16:2 Moab is described as1. fleeing
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Page 210 and 211: } “the remnant of Syria” This p
Page 212 and 213: SPECIAL TOPIC: FERTILITY WORSHIP OF
Page 214 and 215: NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 17:12-1412Alas
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Page 218 and 219: However, this context could be unde
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Page 224 and 225: 7. purified the water at Marah, Exo
Page 226 and 227: NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 19:16-1716In t
Page 228 and 229: } “a Savior and a Champion” In
Page 234 and 235: 3. Third paragraph4. Etc.CONTEXTUAL
Page 236 and 237: 21:3-4 The prophet describes the ef
Page 238 and 239: NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 21:11-1211The
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Page 252 and 253: CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. This condemna
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Page 258 and 259: 23:17-18 The riches of Phoenicia wi
Page 260 and 261: BACKGROUND STUDYA. Isaiah 24-27 for
Page 262 and 263: 6. completely despoiled, v. 3, BDB
Page 264 and 265: Peshitta “shall be destroyed”LX
Page 266 and 267: } “As the shaking of an olive tre
Page 268 and 269: angels who have aided in either the
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Page 276 and 277: 25:9 “in that day” This refers
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6. “spread out,” BDB 831, KB 97
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VIII. “His words”A. BDB 202 - D
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NJB, REB “we invoke your name”L
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 26:20-2120Come
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. This is the c
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27:4-5 There are several COHORTATIV
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} “by driving them away” The He
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DISCUSSION QUESTIONSThis is a study
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following the original author’s i
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Notice how the LORD’S agent is ch
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For morning after morning it will p
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28:16 This verse is a shocking chan
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29This also comes from the LORD of
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. The Jewish St
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Thus the multitude of all the natio
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This was accomplished by1. blob of
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 29:22-2422Ther
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. LutroÇ, “to release”(1) to r
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} “rebellious children” This ti
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Prophesy illusions.11Get out of the
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. see not, BDB 906, KB 1157, negate
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 30:1818Therefo
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2. good crops, v. 23a. rich (BDB 20
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JB“will be battered”LXX, Peshit
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B. The Anchor Bible has an interest
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} “the LORD of hosts come down”
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} “whose fire. . .furnace” This
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. Chapters 31-3
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12Beat your breasts for the pleasan
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NJB “Ophel” (BDB 779), a sectio
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l. eternity everlasting(1) I Kgs. 8
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all people are honored and treated
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} “locusts” Locust invasions we
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33:13 “You who are far away. . .y
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3. or bothIn v. 17, both “your ey
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B. Because there is a double space
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34:4 This hyperbolic language relat
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NKJV “night creature”NRSV, NJB
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1. seek, BDB 205, KB 233, Qal IMPER
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. fear not, BDB 431, KB 432, Qal IM
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36:2 “And the king of Assyria sen
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36:7 “whose high places and whose
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2. Arpad was a city in northern Syr
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1. First paragraph2. Second paragra
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} “I will make him fall by the sw
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37:19 The truth of v. 18 is seen to
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II.3. Model Prayer, Matt. 6:5-13; L
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C. Other aspects1. Perseverancea. L
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translation. The term can have eith
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 38:4-64Then th
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} “LORD. . .LORD” The MT has Ya
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The MT has the VERB “loved” (8-
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Also note that the Babylon of Hezek
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B. A. Briggs in his book, General I
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APPENDIX TWOINTRODUCTION TO OLD TES
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E. Prophets represent God to the pe
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APPENDIX THREEA BRIEF HISTORICAL SU
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Haran. He engaged the Babylonian fo
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n. 1340-1310 Haremhab3. 19th Dynast
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APPENDIX FOURCHARTSOLD TESTAMENT TI
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KINGS AND EVENTS OF THE BABYLONIAN,
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GREECE359 - 336 Philip II of Macedo
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GREEK359 - 336 Philip II of Macedon
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JUDAH’S KINGS (I CHR. 3:1-16; MAT
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APPENDIX FIVE - DOCTRINAL STATEMENT
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The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary

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