The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary
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The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary

The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary

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ISAIAH 20PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MODERN TRANSLATIONSNASB NKJV NRSV TEV NJBProphecy About Egypt andEthiopiaThe Sign Against Egyptand EthiopiaAgainst EgyptThe Sign of the NakedProphetRelating to the Capture ofAshdod20:1-6 20:1-6 20:1-6 20:1-6 20:1-6READING CYCLE THREE (see p. xvi in introductory section)FOLLOWING THE ORIGINAL AUTHOR’S INTENT AT PARAGRAPH LEVELThis is a study guide commentary, which means that you are responsible for your owninterpretation of the Bible. Each of us must walk in the light we have. You, the Bible, and the HolySpirit are priority in interpretation. You must not relinquish this to a commentator.Read the chapter in one sitting. Identify the subjects (reading cycle #3, p. xvi). Compare yoursubject divisions with the five translations above. Paragraphing is not inspired, but it is the key tofollowing the original author’s intent, which is the heart of interpretation. Every paragraph has one andonly one subject.1. First paragraph2. Second paragraph3. Third paragraph4. Etc.WORD AND PHRASE STUDYNASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 20:1-61In the year that the commander came to Ashdod, when Sargon the king of Assyria sent himand he fought against Ashdod and captured it, 2 at that time the LORD spoke through Isaiah theson of Amoz, saying, "Go and loosen the sackcloth from your hips and take your shoes off yourfeet." And he did so, going naked and barefoot. 3 And the LORD said, "Even as My servant Isaiahhas gone naked and barefoot three years as a sign and token against Egypt and Cush, 4 so the kingof Assyria will lead away the captives of Egypt and the exiles of Cush, young and old, naked andbarefoot with buttocks uncovered, to the shame of Egypt. 5 Then they will be dismayed andashamed because of Cush their hope and Egypt their boast. 6 So the inhabitants of this coastlandwill say in that day, 'Behold, such is our hope, where we fled for help to be delivered from the kingof Assyria; and we, how shall we escape?'"20:1 This verse gives modern readers the exact historical setting of YHWH’s judgment of the Philistinesby the description of the fall of Ashdod (one of the five main city-states of Philistia—Ashdod,Ashkelon, Gaza, Gath, Ekron). The fall of one denoted the fall of all (see earlier oracle in 14:28-32).205

They were destroyed twice (1) by Sargon II (named specifically in the OT only here, he reignedfrom 722-705 B.C.), King of Assyria. In 713 B.C. the King of Ashdod, Azuri, revolted and in 711 B.C.Sargon II’s army came and stopped the rebellion and (2) by Sennacherib in 705-701 B.C.However, this chapter does not form a new oracle about the destruction of Philisita (or “coastlands,” cf. v. 6), but a continuation of the judgment on Cush/Egypt, started in chapter 18. Thehumiliation of Ashdod was a foreshadowing of the shameful, humiliating exile of Egyptians by Assyrianarmies on several different historical occasions. Segments of the Egyptian army were captured in battleand exiled.} “the commander” The term (BDB 1077) denotes a field general (cf. II Kgs. 18:17 and also note Isa.36:2, where the name of the general in II Kings 18 appears, but not his title).20:2 Isaiah is told to dress (or better, undress) a certain way to denote current cultural mourning rites(see Special Topic at 15:2-3), but also to denote shame, at Assyria’s defeat and exile of several nations.1. Ashdod (Philistia)2. Egypt3. Cush or synonym of Egypt of the 25 Dynasties who were Nubian.What happened to Ashdod would in three years (cf. v. 3) happen to Egypt.}NASB, NRSV,Peshitta “loosen the sackcloth”NKJV“remove the sackcloth”TEV, LXX “take off. . .the sackcloth”REB“strip”The common VERB (BDB 834, KB 986, Piel PERFECT) basically means “to open.” So the questionis, “Does it mean ‘loosen’ (mourning) or ‘take off’ (shame)?”1. “remove,” NIV, Ps. 30:11; NASB has “loose,” but means “remove” in Isa. 52:2; Jer. 40:42. “loosen,” Isa. 5:27Normally wearing “sackcloth” (BDB 974) would denote mourning, as would being barefoot (cf. Micah1:8), but it is possible that Isaiah removed the symbol of his prophetic office (“hairy robe,” BDB 12CONSTRUCT, BDB 972, cf. Matt. 3:4). If this is correct then the text is not talking about nudity (but“naked,” BDB 736 in vv. 2,3,4 may, cf. Gen. 2:25). However, most uses of the term “naked” meanpartially clothed (cf. 47:1-3; I Sam. 19:24; II Sam. 6:14,20; Amos 2:16; Micah 1:8; John 19:23; 21:7).20:3 “as a sign” The NOUN ,“sign” (BDB 16), is used1. as a marker of time, Gen. 1:142. as a marker of person, Gen. 4:153. as a marker of covenant, Gen. 9:12,13,17; 17:114. as a marker of a faith promise, Exod. 3:125. as a miracle to affirm God’s representative (i.e., Moses), Exod. 4:8 (twice),9,17,28,30; 7:3;8:23, etc.6. tribal standard, Num. 2:2; Ps. 74:47. as a warning, Num. 16:38; 17:10It is used often in Isaiah.1. special birth, 7:142. Isaiah’s children, 8:183. altar and pillar in Egypt, 19:204. Isaiah’s dress, 20:35. harvest, 37:30206

ISAIAH 20PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MODERN TRANSLATIONSNASB NKJV NRSV TEV NJBProphecy About Egypt <strong>and</strong>Ethiopia<strong>The</strong> Sign Against Egypt<strong>and</strong> EthiopiaAgainst Egypt<strong>The</strong> Sign of the Naked<strong>Prophet</strong>Relating to the Capture ofAshdod20:1-6 20:1-6 20:1-6 20:1-6 20:1-6READING CYCLE THREE (see p. xvi in introductory section)FOLLOWING THE ORIGINAL AUTHOR’S INTENT AT PARAGRAPH LEVELThis is a study guide commentary, which means that you are responsible for your owninterpretation of the <strong>Bible</strong>. Each of us must walk in the light we have. You, the <strong>Bible</strong>, <strong>and</strong> the HolySpirit are priority in interpretation. You must not relinquish this to a commentator.Read the chapter in one sitting. Identify the subjects (reading cycle #3, p. xvi). Compare yoursubject divisions with the five translations above. Paragraphing is not inspired, but it is the key tofollowing the original author’s intent, which is the heart of interpretation. Every paragraph has one <strong>and</strong>only one subject.1. First paragraph2. Second paragraph3. Third paragraph4. Etc.WORD AND PHRASE STUDYNASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 20:1-61In the year that the comm<strong>and</strong>er came to Ashdod, when Sargon the king of Assyria sent him<strong>and</strong> he fought against Ashdod <strong>and</strong> captured it, 2 at that time the LORD spoke through <strong>Isaiah</strong> theson of Amoz, saying, "Go <strong>and</strong> loosen the sackcloth from your hips <strong>and</strong> take your shoes off yourfeet." And he did so, going naked <strong>and</strong> barefoot. 3 And the LORD said, "Even as My servant <strong>Isaiah</strong>has gone naked <strong>and</strong> barefoot three years as a sign <strong>and</strong> token against Egypt <strong>and</strong> Cush, 4 so the kingof Assyria will lead away the captives of Egypt <strong>and</strong> the exiles of Cush, young <strong>and</strong> old, naked <strong>and</strong>barefoot with buttocks uncovered, to the shame of Egypt. 5 <strong>The</strong>n they will be dismayed <strong>and</strong>ashamed because of Cush their hope <strong>and</strong> Egypt their boast. 6 So the inhabitants of this coastl<strong>and</strong>will say in that day, 'Behold, such is our hope, where we fled for help to be delivered from the kingof Assyria; <strong>and</strong> we, how shall we escape?'"20:1 This verse gives modern readers the exact historical setting of YHWH’s judgment of the Philistinesby the description of the fall of Ashdod (one of the five main city-states of Philistia—Ashdod,Ashkelon, Gaza, Gath, Ekron). <strong>The</strong> fall of one denoted the fall of all (see earlier oracle in 14:28-32).205

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