The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary

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ISAIAH 17PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MODERN TRANSLATIONSNASB NKJV NRSV TEV NJBProphecy About DamascusProclamation Against Syriaand IsraelAgainst the Syro-Ephraimite AllianceGod Will Punish Syria andIsraelAgainst Damascus andIsrael17:1-3(1-3)17:1-3(1-3)17:1-3(1-3)17:1-3 17:1-3(1-3)17:4-11(4-11)17:4-8(4-8)17:4-6(4-6)17:4-6 17:4-6(4-6)17:7-8 17:7-8 17:7-817:9(9)17:9 17:9 17:9-11(9-11)17:10-11(10-11)17:10-11(10-11)17:10-11Enemy Nations areDefeated17:12-14(12-14)17:12-14(12-14)17:12-14(12-14)17:12-14 17:12-14(12-14)READING CYCLE THREE (see p. xvi in introductory section)FOLLOWING THE ORIGINAL AUTHOR’S INTENT AT PARAGRAPH LEVELThis is a study guide commentary, which means that you are responsible for your owninterpretation of the Bible. Each of us must walk in the light we have. You, the Bible, and the HolySpirit are priority in interpretation. You must not relinquish this to a commentator.Read the chapter in one sitting. Identify the subjects (reading cycle #3, p. xvi). Compare yoursubject divisions with the five translations above. Paragraphing is not inspired, but it is the key tofollowing the original author’s intent, which is the heart of interpretation. Every paragraph has one andonly one subject.1. First paragraph2. Second paragraph3. Third paragraph4. Etc.183
WORD AND PHRASE STUDYNASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 17:1-31The oracle concerning Damascus."Behold, Damascus is about to be removed from being a cityAnd will become a fallen ruin.2The cities of Aroer are forsaken;They will be for flocks to lie down in,And there will be no one to frighten them.3The fortified city will disappear from Ephraim,And sovereignty from DamascusAnd the remnant of Aram;They will be like the glory of the sons of Israel,"Declares the LORD of hosts.17:1 “Damascus” This was the capital of Aram/Syria. The invasion and destruction of Syria have beenalluded to earlier in 7:16; 8:4; 10:9. It was an ancient city (cf. Gen. 14:15; 15:2) and an important citylocated on the northern and northeastern trade routes.} Notice the synonymous parallelism of lines 2 and 3. Tiglath-pileser III partially destroyed Damascusin 732 B.C. It was rebuilt as a regional Assyrian capital. Remember all prophecy is hyperbolic (see D.Brent Sandy, Plowshares and Pruning Hooks: Rethinking the Language of Biblical Prophecy andApocalyptic).17:2 “The cities of Aroer” This phrase is confusing.1. This is the name of a city, not a region.2. There are several cities that go by this name (BDB 792, which may refer to a “tree” or a“mountain crest,” AB, vol. 1, p. 399). Three of the four possible sites are south of Syrianterritory.3. The LXX leaves out the place name (as does REB).4. The Peshitta spells it Adoer.It seems that Syria and Israel are linked together in this chapter. They had formed apolitical/military alliance against Assyria and tried to make Judah join. This co-alliance caused theSyro-Ephraimite war where these two northern nations invaded Judah (cf. 7:16; 8:4; 10:9).Most of the references are to the Northern Ten Tribes called Israel/Jacob (v. 4); Samaria orEphraim (v. 3). Syria was under Israelite control during the United Monarchy period.Aroer is probably a reference to the fortress located on the Arnon River.} Lines 2 and 3 describe the total destruction and depopulation of the site.17:3 The walled fortified cities of Syria and Ephraim will disappear (BDB 991, KB 1407, NiphalPERFECT). The JPSOA has a footnote that supports a textual emendation from “Ephraim” (BDB 68).*95!/ to .9! “Aram” (BDB 78), which would be a true parallelism. But if the first strophe is aboutthe Syro-Ephraimite War, then the parallelism is already there. I think v. 3 has an AB, BA poeticpattern (chiasim), as it is in the MT.184
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YOU CAN UNDERSTAND THE BIBLEISAIAH:
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Isaiah 26 .........................
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Elder, II John 1 ..................
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The Hebrew text used is Biblia Hebr
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II.Aspects of PredicationA. VERBSTh
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should clearly grasp, not so much t
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c. something which is possible or e
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NIVNJBNRSVOTPGREBRSVNew Internation
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A. The New King James Version (NKJV
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B. I believe the Bible was written
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. contemporary word usagec. genre3.
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In applying the Bible, it is import
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4. ambiguous textsAlthough the Engl
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2. by chronology3. by events which
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(3) Israel as(a) wife, 50:1(b) serv
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a. Hezekiah fully participated in t
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IX.MAIN TRUTHSA. Isaiah held Judah
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1:27-31(27-31) (27-31) (27-31)1:27-
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c. El-Shaddai (“God Almighty” o
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c. from a Ugaritic (Canaanite) root
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SPECIAL TOPIC: BOB’S EVANGELICAL
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incapable of appropriate action (cf
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Here is a good quote to conclude th
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} “whole head. . .whole heart”
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SPECIAL TOPIC: THE REMNANT, THREE S
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2. other sexual sins, Lev. 18:26,27
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(4) redemption(5) glorification(6)
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3. the covenant with Abraham (cf. G
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3. Asis - This is obviously alcohol
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 1:24-2624There
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SPECIAL TOPIC: FIREFire has both po
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ISAIAH 2PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MODE
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C. The resultant Judgment of YHWH,
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Zaphon in the far north (cf. Isa. 1
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The world mission of gospel proclam
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Lord.” I have come face to face w
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and make it “traders.” It seems
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21In order to go into the caverns o
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Woe to them!For they have brought e
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3:4 Judah’s elder leadership will
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These phrases could be1. literala.
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3:17NASB, NJB,REB “make their for
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} “the Branch of the LORD” To d
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SPECIAL TOPIC: THE TWO BOOKS OF GOD
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BRIEF OUTLINEA. The Parabolic Song,
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6I will lay it waste;It will not be
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SPECIAL TOPIC: ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN
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them spiritual ears and eyes (cf. D
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2. Jeremiah changed it from a place
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5:17 “Then the lambs will graze a
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So their root will become like rot
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The term “nations” in the Masor
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. There has alw
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II.9. human form - Exod. 24:9-11; P
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SPECIAL TOPIC: HOLYI. Old Testament
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12The LORD has removed men far away
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} “Send me” The VERB “send”
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} “Whose stump remains when it is
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3. Third paragraph4. Etc.BACKGROUND
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} “Shear-jashub” This is Isaiah
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} “from the LORD your God” It i
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7:18 “In that day” “That day
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8:1 “Take for yourself a large ta
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4. Huldah was a prophetess whom Kin
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Even the king of Assyria and all hi
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55:8-11; Ps. 33:11). God needs nor
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III.C. Paul uses the concept of a
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The second NOUN, “spiritists” (
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Read the chapter in one sitting. Id
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Because of the desert between Mesop
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 9:8-128The Lor
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19By the fury of the LORD of hosts
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following the original author’s i
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10:6 “a godless nation. . .the pe
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Page 162 and 163: 10:33 The second half of this verse
Page 164 and 165: 2. Second paragraph3. Third paragra
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Page 168 and 169: The fatling would have sacrificial
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Page 172 and 173: ISAIAH 12PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MOD
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Page 196 and 197: DISCUSSION QUESTIONSThis is a study
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Page 204 and 205: 16:2 Moab is described as1. fleeing
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Page 210 and 211: } “the remnant of Syria” This p
Page 212 and 213: SPECIAL TOPIC: FERTILITY WORSHIP OF
Page 214 and 215: NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 17:12-1412Alas
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Page 226 and 227: NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 19:16-1716In t
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Page 232 and 233: 6. sparing Jerusalem from Assyria,
Page 234 and 235: 3. Third paragraph4. Etc.CONTEXTUAL
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Page 238 and 239: NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 21:11-1211The
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Page 252 and 253: CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. This condemna
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23:17-18 The riches of Phoenicia wi
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BACKGROUND STUDYA. Isaiah 24-27 for
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6. completely despoiled, v. 3, BDB
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Peshitta “shall be destroyed”LX
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} “As the shaking of an olive tre
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angels who have aided in either the
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ISAIAH 25PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MOD
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4. You have made a city into a heap
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}NASBNKJV, PeshittaNRSVTEV, NJBREB
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25:9 “in that day” This refers
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WORD AND PHRASE STUDYNASB (UPDATED)
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6. “spread out,” BDB 831, KB 97
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VIII. “His words”A. BDB 202 - D
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NJB, REB “we invoke your name”L
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 26:20-2120Come
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. This is the c
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27:4-5 There are several COHORTATIV
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} “by driving them away” The He
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DISCUSSION QUESTIONSThis is a study
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following the original author’s i
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Notice how the LORD’S agent is ch
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For morning after morning it will p
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28:16 This verse is a shocking chan
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29This also comes from the LORD of
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. The Jewish St
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Thus the multitude of all the natio
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This was accomplished by1. blob of
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 29:22-2422Ther
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. LutroÇ, “to release”(1) to r
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} “rebellious children” This ti
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Prophesy illusions.11Get out of the
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. see not, BDB 906, KB 1157, negate
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 30:1818Therefo
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2. good crops, v. 23a. rich (BDB 20
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JB“will be battered”LXX, Peshit
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B. The Anchor Bible has an interest
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} “the LORD of hosts come down”
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} “whose fire. . .furnace” This
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. Chapters 31-3
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12Beat your breasts for the pleasan
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NJB “Ophel” (BDB 779), a sectio
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l. eternity everlasting(1) I Kgs. 8
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all people are honored and treated
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} “locusts” Locust invasions we
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33:13 “You who are far away. . .y
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3. or bothIn v. 17, both “your ey
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B. Because there is a double space
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34:4 This hyperbolic language relat
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NKJV “night creature”NRSV, NJB
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1. seek, BDB 205, KB 233, Qal IMPER
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. fear not, BDB 431, KB 432, Qal IM
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36:2 “And the king of Assyria sen
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36:7 “whose high places and whose
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2. Arpad was a city in northern Syr
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1. First paragraph2. Second paragra
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} “I will make him fall by the sw
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37:19 The truth of v. 18 is seen to
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II.3. Model Prayer, Matt. 6:5-13; L
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C. Other aspects1. Perseverancea. L
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translation. The term can have eith
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 38:4-64Then th
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} “LORD. . .LORD” The MT has Ya
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The MT has the VERB “loved” (8-
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Also note that the Babylon of Hezek
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B. A. Briggs in his book, General I
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APPENDIX TWOINTRODUCTION TO OLD TES
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E. Prophets represent God to the pe
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APPENDIX THREEA BRIEF HISTORICAL SU
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Haran. He engaged the Babylonian fo
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n. 1340-1310 Haremhab3. 19th Dynast
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APPENDIX FOURCHARTSOLD TESTAMENT TI
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KINGS AND EVENTS OF THE BABYLONIAN,
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GREECE359 - 336 Philip II of Macedo
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GREEK359 - 336 Philip II of Macedon
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JUDAH’S KINGS (I CHR. 3:1-16; MAT
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APPENDIX FIVE - DOCTRINAL STATEMENT
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The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary

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