The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary
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The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary

The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary

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} “Jacob. . .Israel” These two terms could be used for both the Northern Ten Tribes and the SouthernTwo Tribes being united again.14:1-2 “strangers will join them and attach themselves to the house of Jacob. . .and the peoples”There are two options for interpreting vv. 1-2: (1) either vv. 1 and 2 go together and describe the samegroup (i.e., strangers. . .peoples) or (2) v. 1 describes the blessings of non-Jews (i.e., strangers) and v. 2describes the defeated enemies of Israel as being their servants.It is difficult in Isaiah and Micah to balance YHWH’s attitude and actions towards the nations.1. He loves them and includes them into His covenant people (cf. 2:2-4; 11:10, see SpecialTopic at 1:3)2. He judges them and puts them in servitude (i.e., 60:10; 61:5)Somehow both are true! The prophets move back and forth, often in the same context, between thesetwo poles. Option #1 reflects Genesis 1-3; 12, while option #2 reflects Israel’s history in Canaan.In Isaiah the nations return the covenant people to their land (i.e., Canaan) and become one withthem in the worship of YHWH (cf. 49:22; 60:4-9,10-14; 66:20). This may reflect the “new exodus.”Many foreign people left Egypt with Israel and others joined her along the way (wilderness wanderingsand conquest). Maybe the imagery of v. 2 reflects this. If so, it would solve the problem of #2 above.14:3 There is a “role-reversal” between v. 2 (servitude of Israel’s enemies) and v. 3 (Israel’s servitude,which is now over). The “role-reversal” plot is common in the OT. YHWH acts in unexpected ways toaffirm the choice of Abraham’s seed (cf. Genesis 12, 15, 17). The purpose of His special attention is notfavoritism, but an eternal redemptive plan (cf. Gen. 3:15; 12:3) for all humans made in His image (cf.Gen. 1:26-27).As so often in Isaiah, there is a short-term focus and a long-term focus. The prophet merges thesetwo horizons. A good example might be chapter 13, where Babylon and Neo-Babylon’s judgment aremerged.NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 14:3-273And it will be in the day when the LORD gives you rest from your pain and turmoil andharsh service in which you have been enslaved, 4 that you will take up this taunt against the king ofBabylon, and say,"How the oppressor has ceased,And how fury has ceased!5The LORD has broken the staff of the wicked,The scepter of rulers6Which used to strike the peoples in fury with unceasing strokes,Which subdued the nations in anger with unrestrained persecution.7The whole earth is at rest and is quiet;They break forth into shouts of joy.8Even the cypress trees rejoice over you, and the cedars of Lebanon, saying,'Since you were laid low, no tree cutter comes up against us.'9Sheol from beneath is excited over you to meet you when you come;It arouses for you the spirits of the dead, all the leaders of the earth;It raises all the kings of the nations from their thrones.10They will all respond and say to you,'Even you have been made weak as we,You have become like us.163

11Your pomp and the music of your harpsHave been brought down to Sheol;Maggots are spread out as your bed beneath youAnd worms are your covering.'12How you have fallen from heaven,O star of the morning, son of the dawn!You have been cut down to the earth,You who have weakened the nations!13But you said in your heart,'I will ascend to heaven;I will raise my throne above the stars of God,And I will sit on the mount of assemblyIn the recesses of the north.14I will ascend above the heights of the clouds;I will make myself like the Most High.'15Nevertheless you will be thrust down to Sheol,To the recesses of the pit.16Those who see you will gaze at you,They will ponder over you, saying,'Is this the man who made the earth tremble,Who shook kingdoms,17Who made the world like a wildernessAnd overthrew its cities,Who did not allow his prisoners to go home?'18All the kings of the nations lie in glory,Each in his own tomb.19But you have been cast out of your tombLike a rejected branch,Clothed with the slain who are pierced with a sword,Who go down to the stones of the pitLike a trampled corpse.20You will not be united with them in burial,Because you have ruined your country,You have slain your people.May the offspring of evildoers not be mentioned forever.21Prepare for his sons a place of slaughterBecause of the iniquity of their fathers.They must not arise and take possession of the earthAnd fill the face of the world with cities."22I will rise up against them," declares the LORD of hosts, "and will cut off from Babylon nameand survivors, offspring and posterity," declares the LORD . 23 "I will also make it a possession forthe hedgehog and swamps of water, and I will sweep it with the broom of destruction," declaresthe LORD of hosts. 24 The LORD of hosts has sworn saying, "Surely, just as I have intended so it has164

11Your pomp <strong>and</strong> the music of your harpsHave been brought down to Sheol;Maggots are spread out as your bed beneath youAnd worms are your covering.'12How you have fallen from heaven,O star of the morning, son of the dawn!You have been cut down to the earth,You who have weakened the nations!13But you said in your heart,'I will ascend to heaven;I will raise my throne above the stars of God,And I will sit on the mount of assemblyIn the recesses of the north.14I will ascend above the heights of the clouds;I will make myself like the Most High.'15Nevertheless you will be thrust down to Sheol,To the recesses of the pit.16Those who see you will gaze at you,<strong>The</strong>y will ponder over you, saying,'Is this the man who made the earth tremble,Who shook kingdoms,17Who made the world like a wildernessAnd overthrew its cities,Who did not allow his prisoners to go home?'18All the kings of the nations lie in glory,Each in his own tomb.19But you have been cast out of your tombLike a rejected branch,Clothed with the slain who are pierced with a sword,Who go down to the stones of the pitLike a trampled corpse.20You will not be united with them in burial,Because you have ruined your country,You have slain your people.May the offspring of evildoers not be mentioned forever.21Prepare for his sons a place of slaughterBecause of the iniquity of their fathers.<strong>The</strong>y must not arise <strong>and</strong> take possession of the earthAnd fill the face of the world with cities."22I will rise up against them," declares the LORD of hosts, "<strong>and</strong> will cut off from Babylon name<strong>and</strong> survivors, offspring <strong>and</strong> posterity," declares the LORD . 23 "I will also make it a possession forthe hedgehog <strong>and</strong> swamps of water, <strong>and</strong> I will sweep it with the broom of destruction," declaresthe LORD of hosts. 24 <strong>The</strong> LORD of hosts has sworn saying, "Surely, just as I have intended so it has164

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