The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary
The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary
ISAIAH 14PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MODERN TRANSLATIONSNASB NKJV NRSV TEV NJBIsrael’s Taunt Mercy on Jacob The Return From Exile The Return From Exile The End of the Exile14:1-2 14:1-2 14:1-2 14:1-2 14:1-2Fall of the King of Babylon“How are the MightyFallen”The King of Babylon in theWorld of the DeadThe Death of the King ofBabylon14:3-23(3-21)14:3-4a 14:3-11 14:3-4a 14:3-814:4b-8(4b-8) (4b-11)14:4b-8(4b-8)14:9-11(9-11)14:9-11 14:9-15(9-15)The Fall of Lucifer14:12-15(12-15)14:16-17(16-17)14:18-21(18-21)Babylon Destroyed14:12-20a(12-20a)14:20b-21(20b-21)14:12-1514:16-17 14:16-21(16-21)14:18-21God Will Destroy Babylon14:22-23(22-23)14:22-23 14:22-23 14:22-23Judgment on Assyria Assyria Destroyed Against Assyria God Will Destroy theAssyriansAgainst Assyria14:24-27 14:24-27(24-27)14:24-27(24-27)14:24-27 14:24(24)14:25(25)14:26(26)14:27(27)Philistia Destroyed Against Philistia God Will Destroy thePhilistinesAgainst Phlistines14:28 14:28-31 14:28-31 14:28 14:28Judgment on Philistia14:29-32(29-32) (29-31) (29-31)14:29-30 14:29(29)14:30-31(30-31)14:32(32)14:32(32)14:3114:32 14:32159
READING CYCLE THREE (see p. xvi in introductory section)FOLLOWING THE ORIGINAL AUTHOR’S INTENT AT PARAGRAPH LEVELThis is a study guide commentary, which means that you are responsible for your owninterpretation of the Bible. Each of us must walk in the light we have. You, the Bible, and the HolySpirit are priority in interpretation. You must not relinquish this to a commentator.Read the chapter in one sitting. Identify the subjects (reading cycle #3, p. xvi). Compare yoursubject divisions with the five translations above. Paragraphing is not inspired, but it is the key tofollowing the original author’s intent, which is the heart of interpretation. Every paragraph has one andonly one subject.1. First paragraph2. Second paragraph3. Third paragraph4. Etc.CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. There has been much discussion on the relationship of 14:12-21 to Satan. It seems to me thatwe must take seriously the historical context and specific literary statements of Isaiah andassert that originally this referred to the king of Babylon (or kings of Assyria afterAshurbanipal). However, the king of Babylon’s problem, as all conscious creatures, waspride. If we go back to Gen. 3:5, we see this desire to be like God. Not only has sin affectedthe angelic world, but also the material world (cf. Daniel 4; 11:36; Ezek. 28:13ff; II Thess.2:4). It seems to me that “Babylon” in the Bible is a type of godless human government (cf.Rev. 14:8; 16:19; 17:5; 18:2,10,21). The king is a type of wicked leadership. Behind thewicked world leaders in the OT stood their national deities (cf. Dan. 10:13,20). From the NTwe understand the personal force of evil known as Satan. The full blown identification in thischapter as Satan was probably influenced by1. Jerome’s Vulgate translating v. 12 as “Lucifer”2. Tertulian and Gregory the Great relating this passage to Luke 10:183. This passage being used as a backdrop to both Dante’s Inferno and Milton’s ParadiseLostB. See Special Topic following.SPECIAL TOPIC: SATANThis is a very difficult subject for several reasons.1. The OT reveals not an archenemy of good, but a servant of YHWH, who offers mankind analternative and also accuses mankind of unrighteousness. There is only one God(monotheism), one power, one cause in the OT—YHWH.160
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READING CYCLE THREE (see p. xvi in introductory section)FOLLOWING THE ORIGINAL AUTHOR’S INTENT AT PARAGRAPH LEVELThis is a study guide commentary, which means that you are responsible for your owninterpretation of the <strong>Bible</strong>. Each of us must walk in the light we have. You, the <strong>Bible</strong>, <strong>and</strong> the HolySpirit are priority in interpretation. You must not relinquish this to a commentator.Read the chapter in one sitting. Identify the subjects (reading cycle #3, p. xvi). Compare yoursubject divisions with the five translations above. Paragraphing is not inspired, but it is the key tofollowing the original author’s intent, which is the heart of interpretation. Every paragraph has one <strong>and</strong>only one subject.1. First paragraph2. Second paragraph3. Third paragraph4. Etc.CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. <strong>The</strong>re has been much discussion on the relationship of 14:12-21 to Satan. It seems to me thatwe must take seriously the historical context <strong>and</strong> specific literary statements of <strong>Isaiah</strong> <strong>and</strong>assert that originally this referred to the king of Babylon (or kings of Assyria afterAshurbanipal). However, the king of Babylon’s problem, as all conscious creatures, waspride. If we go back to Gen. 3:5, we see this desire to be like God. Not only has sin affectedthe angelic world, but also the material world (cf. Daniel 4; 11:36; Ezek. 28:13ff; II <strong>The</strong>ss.2:4). It seems to me that “Babylon” in the <strong>Bible</strong> is a type of godless human government (cf.Rev. 14:8; 16:19; 17:5; 18:2,10,21). <strong>The</strong> king is a type of wicked leadership. Behind thewicked world leaders in the OT stood their national deities (cf. Dan. 10:13,20). From the NTwe underst<strong>and</strong> the personal force of evil known as Satan. <strong>The</strong> full blown identification in thischapter as Satan was probably influenced by1. Jerome’s Vulgate translating v. 12 as “Lucifer”2. Tertulian <strong>and</strong> Gregory the Great relating this passage to Luke 10:183. This passage being used as a backdrop to both Dante’s Inferno <strong>and</strong> Milton’s ParadiseLostB. See Special Topic following.SPECIAL TOPIC: SATANThis is a very difficult subject for several reasons.1. <strong>The</strong> OT reveals not an archenemy of good, but a servant of YHWH, who offers mankind analternative <strong>and</strong> also accuses mankind of unrighteousness. <strong>The</strong>re is only one God(monotheism), one power, one cause in the OT—YHWH.160
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