The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary

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(2) Mark 10:41(3) Luke 14:31; 15:8; 17:12,17; 19:13,16,17,24,25b. use in Revelation(1) 2:10, ten days of tribulation(2) 12:3; 17:3,7,12,16, ten horns(3) 13:1, ten crownsc. multiples of 10 in Revelation:(1) 144,000 = 12x12x1000, cf. 7:4; 14:1,3(2) 1,000 = 10x10x10, cf. 20:2,3,66. Twelve – human organizationa. twelve sons of Jacob (i.e., twelve tribes of Israel, Gen. 35:22; 49:28)b. twelve pillars, Exod. 24:4c. twelve stones on breast plate of High Priest, Exod. 28:21; 39:14d. twelve loaves, for table in Holy Place (symbolic of God’s provision for the twelvetribes), Lev. 24:5; Exod. 25:30e. twelve spies, Deut. 1:23; Josh. 3:22; 4:2,3,4,8,9,20f. twelve apostles, Matt. 10:1g. use in Revelation(1) twelve thousand sealed, 7:5-8(2) twelve stars, 12:1(3) twelve gates, twelve angels, twelve tribes, 21:12(4) twelve foundation stones, names of the twelve apostles, 21:14(5) New Jerusalem was twelve thousand stadia squared, 21:16(6) twelve gates made of twelve pearls, 21:12(7) tree of life with twelve kinds of fruit, 22:27. Forty – number for timea. sometimes literal (exodus and wilderness wanderings, e.g., Exod. 16:35); Deut. 2:7;8:2b. can be literal or symbolic(1) flood, Gen. 7:4,17; 8:6(2) Moses on Mt. Sinai, Exod. 24:18; 34:28; Deut. 9:9,11,18,25(3) divisions of Moses life(a) forty years in Egypt(b) forty years in the desert(c) forty years leading Israel(4) Jesus fasted forty days, Matt. 4:2; Mark 1:13; Luke 4:2c. Note (by means of a Concordance) the number of times this number appears in timedesignation in the Bible!8. Seventy – round number for peoplea. Israel, Exod. 1:5b. seventy elders, Exod. 24:1,9c. eschatological, Dan. 9:2,24145
d. mission team, Luke 10:1,17e. forgiveness (70x7), Matt. 18:22B. Good references1. John J. Davis, Biblical Numerology2. D. Brent Sandy, Plowshares and Pruning Hooks11:13 “Ephraim will not be jealous of Judah,And Judah will not harass Ephraim” Notice in the new era unity will be the keynote, not thedivision that has characterized the people of God in the past.11:14 This verse is surprising! Is Isaiah prophesying a vindictive united Israel or is she to be the channelof revelation for “the nations” to come to YHWH in peace (cf. 2:2-4)?} “sons of the east” This phrase can refer to several different people groups, depending on the context(cf. Gen. 29:1; Jdgs. 6:3,33; 7:12; 8:10; I Kgs. 4:30; Job 1:3; Isa. 11:14; Jer. 49:28; Ezek. 25:4,10).11:15 The covenant people’s traditional enemies will be utterly defeated.}NASB, NKJV,NRSV “will utterly destroy”TEV, NJB “will dry up”LXX “make desolate”Peshitta “will utterly dry up”REB “will divide”The NASB follows the MT (.*9(%&, BDB 355, KB 353, Hiphil PERFECT), which the UBS HebrewText Project gives a “B” rating (some doubt). The other reading is ( "*9(%&, BDB 351, KB 349). TheNEB and REB assume a proposed root (.9(, KB 354 II, Hiphil PERFECT), which means “split” or“divide” (cf. Exod. 14:16). This is an allusion to a new exodus (cf. v. 11)!DISCUSSION QUESTIONSThis is a study guide commentary, which means that you are responsible for your own interpretationof the Bible. Each of us must walk in the light we have. You, the Bible, and the Holy Spirit are priorityin interpretation. You must not relinquish this to a commentator.These discussion questions are provided to help you think through the major issues of this sectionof the book. They are meant to be thought-provoking, not definitive.1. Are the titles of the child used in chapters 9 and 11 an assertion of his Deity?2. Explain the historical background of chapters 7 through 10:4 and 10:4 through 34.3. Will nature be a part of heaven?146
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YOU CAN UNDERSTAND THE BIBLEISAIAH:
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Isaiah 26 .........................
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Elder, II John 1 ..................
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The Hebrew text used is Biblia Hebr
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II.Aspects of PredicationA. VERBSTh
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should clearly grasp, not so much t
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c. something which is possible or e
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NIVNJBNRSVOTPGREBRSVNew Internation
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A. The New King James Version (NKJV
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B. I believe the Bible was written
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. contemporary word usagec. genre3.
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In applying the Bible, it is import
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4. ambiguous textsAlthough the Engl
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2. by chronology3. by events which
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(3) Israel as(a) wife, 50:1(b) serv
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a. Hezekiah fully participated in t
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IX.MAIN TRUTHSA. Isaiah held Judah
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1:27-31(27-31) (27-31) (27-31)1:27-
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c. El-Shaddai (“God Almighty” o
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c. from a Ugaritic (Canaanite) root
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SPECIAL TOPIC: BOB’S EVANGELICAL
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incapable of appropriate action (cf
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Here is a good quote to conclude th
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} “whole head. . .whole heart”
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SPECIAL TOPIC: THE REMNANT, THREE S
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2. other sexual sins, Lev. 18:26,27
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(4) redemption(5) glorification(6)
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3. the covenant with Abraham (cf. G
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3. Asis - This is obviously alcohol
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 1:24-2624There
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SPECIAL TOPIC: FIREFire has both po
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ISAIAH 2PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MODE
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C. The resultant Judgment of YHWH,
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Zaphon in the far north (cf. Isa. 1
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The world mission of gospel proclam
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Lord.” I have come face to face w
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and make it “traders.” It seems
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21In order to go into the caverns o
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Woe to them!For they have brought e
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3:4 Judah’s elder leadership will
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These phrases could be1. literala.
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3:17NASB, NJB,REB “make their for
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} “the Branch of the LORD” To d
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SPECIAL TOPIC: THE TWO BOOKS OF GOD
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BRIEF OUTLINEA. The Parabolic Song,
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6I will lay it waste;It will not be
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SPECIAL TOPIC: ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN
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them spiritual ears and eyes (cf. D
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2. Jeremiah changed it from a place
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5:17 “Then the lambs will graze a
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So their root will become like rot
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The term “nations” in the Masor
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. There has alw
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II.9. human form - Exod. 24:9-11; P
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SPECIAL TOPIC: HOLYI. Old Testament
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12The LORD has removed men far away
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Page 124 and 125: 3. Third paragraph4. Etc.BACKGROUND
Page 126 and 127: } “Shear-jashub” This is Isaiah
Page 128 and 129: } “from the LORD your God” It i
Page 130 and 131: 7:18 “In that day” “That day
Page 132 and 133: ISAIAH 8PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MODE
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Page 136 and 137: 4. Huldah was a prophetess whom Kin
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Page 140 and 141: 55:8-11; Ps. 33:11). God needs nor
Page 142 and 143: III.C. Paul uses the concept of a
Page 144 and 145: The second NOUN, “spiritists” (
Page 146 and 147: Read the chapter in one sitting. Id
Page 148 and 149: Because of the desert between Mesop
Page 150 and 151: NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 9:8-128The Lor
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Page 156 and 157: 10:6 “a godless nation. . .the pe
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Page 160 and 161: 27So it will be in that day, that h
Page 162 and 163: 10:33 The second half of this verse
Page 164 and 165: 2. Second paragraph3. Third paragra
Page 166 and 167: a. counsel, BDB 420b. strength, BDB
Page 168 and 169: The fatling would have sacrificial
Page 172 and 173: ISAIAH 12PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MOD
Page 174 and 175: } “although You were angry with m
Page 178 and 179: WORD AND PHRASE STUDYNASB (UPDATED)
Page 180 and 181: 13:2 This describes the gathering o
Page 182 and 183: 6. little ones dashed to pieces in
Page 186 and 187: 2. The concept of a personal archen
Page 188 and 189: } “Jacob. . .Israel” These two
Page 190 and 191: happened, and just as I have planne
Page 192 and 193: 14:12 “How you have fallen from h
Page 194 and 195: Loss of descendants was seen as a g
Page 196 and 197: DISCUSSION QUESTIONSThis is a study
Page 198 and 199: CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSLocations Mentio
Page 200 and 201: 15:2 “Dibon. . .Nebo. . .Medeba
Page 204 and 205: 16:2 Moab is described as1. fleeing
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Page 210 and 211: } “the remnant of Syria” This p
Page 212 and 213: SPECIAL TOPIC: FERTILITY WORSHIP OF
Page 214 and 215: NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 17:12-1412Alas
Page 216 and 217: 3All you inhabitants of the world a
Page 218 and 219: However, this context could be unde
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ISAIAH 19PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MOD
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In this text the people claimed to
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7. purified the water at Marah, Exo
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 19:16-1716In t
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} “a Savior and a Champion” In
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6. sparing Jerusalem from Assyria,
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3. Third paragraph4. Etc.CONTEXTUAL
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21:3-4 The prophet describes the ef
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 21:11-1211The
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ased on certain word plays or key w
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This same area may have been filled
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22:15-19 This describes YHWH’s ju
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1. Gen. 15:6 - Abram’s personal e
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2. load will be cut down (BDB 154,
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. This condemna
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2. the palace, temple, and fortress
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23:10 The rival maritime empire of
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23:17-18 The riches of Phoenicia wi
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BACKGROUND STUDYA. Isaiah 24-27 for
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6. completely despoiled, v. 3, BDB
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Peshitta “shall be destroyed”LX
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} “As the shaking of an olive tre
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angels who have aided in either the
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4. You have made a city into a heap
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}NASBNKJV, PeshittaNRSVTEV, NJBREB
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25:9 “in that day” This refers
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WORD AND PHRASE STUDYNASB (UPDATED)
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6. “spread out,” BDB 831, KB 97
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VIII. “His words”A. BDB 202 - D
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NJB, REB “we invoke your name”L
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 26:20-2120Come
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. This is the c
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27:4-5 There are several COHORTATIV
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} “by driving them away” The He
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DISCUSSION QUESTIONSThis is a study
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following the original author’s i
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Notice how the LORD’S agent is ch
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For morning after morning it will p
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28:16 This verse is a shocking chan
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29This also comes from the LORD of
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. The Jewish St
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Thus the multitude of all the natio
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This was accomplished by1. blob of
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 29:22-2422Ther
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. LutroÇ, “to release”(1) to r
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} “rebellious children” This ti
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Prophesy illusions.11Get out of the
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. see not, BDB 906, KB 1157, negate
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 30:1818Therefo
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2. good crops, v. 23a. rich (BDB 20
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JB“will be battered”LXX, Peshit
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B. The Anchor Bible has an interest
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} “the LORD of hosts come down”
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} “whose fire. . .furnace” This
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. Chapters 31-3
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12Beat your breasts for the pleasan
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NJB “Ophel” (BDB 779), a sectio
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l. eternity everlasting(1) I Kgs. 8
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all people are honored and treated
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} “locusts” Locust invasions we
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33:13 “You who are far away. . .y
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3. or bothIn v. 17, both “your ey
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B. Because there is a double space
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34:4 This hyperbolic language relat
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NKJV “night creature”NRSV, NJB
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1. seek, BDB 205, KB 233, Qal IMPER
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. fear not, BDB 431, KB 432, Qal IM
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36:2 “And the king of Assyria sen
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36:7 “whose high places and whose
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2. Arpad was a city in northern Syr
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1. First paragraph2. Second paragra
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} “I will make him fall by the sw
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37:19 The truth of v. 18 is seen to
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II.3. Model Prayer, Matt. 6:5-13; L
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C. Other aspects1. Perseverancea. L
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translation. The term can have eith
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 38:4-64Then th
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} “LORD. . .LORD” The MT has Ya
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The MT has the VERB “loved” (8-
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Also note that the Babylon of Hezek
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B. A. Briggs in his book, General I
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APPENDIX TWOINTRODUCTION TO OLD TES
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E. Prophets represent God to the pe
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APPENDIX THREEA BRIEF HISTORICAL SU
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Haran. He engaged the Babylonian fo
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n. 1340-1310 Haremhab3. 19th Dynast
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APPENDIX FOURCHARTSOLD TESTAMENT TI
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KINGS AND EVENTS OF THE BABYLONIAN,
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GREECE359 - 336 Philip II of Macedo
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GREEK359 - 336 Philip II of Macedon
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JUDAH’S KINGS (I CHR. 3:1-16; MAT
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APPENDIX FIVE - DOCTRINAL STATEMENT
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