The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary

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The fatling would have sacrificial connotations (cf. 1:11; Amos 5:22).11:9 “My holy mountain” This does not refer to Jerusalem or Sinai, but to the entire earth as the parallelphrase in v. 9b shows. Also notice that the attributes of the Messiah have now been effectivelycommunicated to all humans (cf. Gen. 1:26-27; 3:15). He is the ideal covenant man!NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 11:1010Then in that dayThe nations will resort to the root of Jesse,Who will stand as a signal for the peoples;And His resting place will be glorious.11:10 Verses like 4, 9, and 10 can be understood in one of two ways.1. YHWH will restore His people to Canaan and the world will acknowledge them.2. The emphasis of a worldwide reign of a Davidic seed fulfills the promise of Gen. 3:15 for therestoration of the image and likeness of God in all humanity, which was damaged by the Fall.Are these Isaiah texts ultimately about Israel only or about the world? Are they literal, symbolic, ormultiple fulfillment? Here is where one’s overall view of Scripture begins to organize (for better orworse) texts. I have biases like everyone else! I have tried to list mine in the Special Topic: Bob’sEvangelical Biases. You can read this at 1:3. It is difficult to be faithful to texts and context and all textsat the same time! No one does it well!NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 11:11-1611Then it will happen on that day that the LORDWill again recover the second time with His handThe remnant of His people, who will remain,From Assyria, Egypt, Pathros, Cush, Elam, Shinar, Hamath,And from the islands of the sea.12And He will lift up a standard for the nationsAnd assemble the banished ones of Israel,And will gather the dispersed of JudahFrom the four corners of the earth.13Then the jealousy of Ephraim will depart,And those who harass Judah will be cut off;Ephraim will not be jealous of Judah,And Judah will not harass Ephraim.14They will swoop down on the slopes of the Philistines on the west;Together they will plunder the sons of the east;They will possess Edom and Moab,And the sons of Ammon will be subject to them.15And the LORD will utterly destroyThe tongue of the Sea of Egypt;And He will wave His hand over the RiverWith His scorching wind;143
And He will strike it into seven streamsAnd make men walk over dry-shod.16And there will be a highway from AssyriaFor the remnant of His people who will be left,Just as there was for IsraelIn the day that they came up out of the land of Egypt.11:11 This verse speaks of a climactic visitation by God (cf. 2:2,11,12,20; 3:7,18; 4:1,2; 7:17,18,20;9:14; 10:3,17,20,27). Here it is a day of restoration! The covenant people (i.e., in this case the NorthernTen Tribes), scattered across the ANE, will return home (a symbol of returning to faith in YHWH).However, the rest of the literary unit (chapters 7-12) has a universal element (cf. 2:2-4; 9:1-7)!} “with His hand” This is an anthropomorphic idiom for divine activity within history. In Genesis 1God speaks and things occur, but here He moves His hand (cf. v. 15; 1:25; 5:25; 8:11; 9:12,17,21; 10:4,etc.).11:12 “the four corners of the earth” Four is the symbolic number for the whole earth.SPECIAL TOPIC: SYMBOLIC NUMBERS IN SCRIPTUREA. Certain numbers functioned both as numerals and symbols.1. One – God (e.g., Deut. 6:4; Eph. 4:4-6)2. Four – the whole earth (i.e., four corners, four winds)3. Six – human imperfection (one less than 7, e.g., Rev. 13:18)4. Seven – divine perfection (the seven days of creation). Notice the symbolic usages inRevelation.a. seven candlesticks, 1:13,20; 2:1b. seven stars, 1:16,20; 2:1c. seven churches, 1:20d. seven spirits of God, 3:1; 4:5; 5:6e. seven lamps, 4:5f. seven seals, 5:1,5g. seven horns and seven eyes, 5:6h. seven angels, 8:2,6; 15:1,6,7,8; 16:1; 17:1i seven trumpets, 8:2,6j. seven thunders, 10:3,4k. seven thousand, 11:13l. seven heads, 13:1; 17:3,7,9m. seven plagues, 15:1,6,8; 21:9n. seven bowls, 15:7o. seven kings, 17:10p. seven vials, 21:95. Ten – completenessa. use in Gospels(1) Matt. 20:24; 25:1,28144
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YOU CAN UNDERSTAND THE BIBLEISAIAH:
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Isaiah 26 .........................
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Elder, II John 1 ..................
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The Hebrew text used is Biblia Hebr
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II.Aspects of PredicationA. VERBSTh
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should clearly grasp, not so much t
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c. something which is possible or e
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NIVNJBNRSVOTPGREBRSVNew Internation
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A. The New King James Version (NKJV
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B. I believe the Bible was written
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. contemporary word usagec. genre3.
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In applying the Bible, it is import
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4. ambiguous textsAlthough the Engl
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2. by chronology3. by events which
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(3) Israel as(a) wife, 50:1(b) serv
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a. Hezekiah fully participated in t
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IX.MAIN TRUTHSA. Isaiah held Judah
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1:27-31(27-31) (27-31) (27-31)1:27-
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c. El-Shaddai (“God Almighty” o
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c. from a Ugaritic (Canaanite) root
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SPECIAL TOPIC: BOB’S EVANGELICAL
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incapable of appropriate action (cf
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Here is a good quote to conclude th
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} “whole head. . .whole heart”
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SPECIAL TOPIC: THE REMNANT, THREE S
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2. other sexual sins, Lev. 18:26,27
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(4) redemption(5) glorification(6)
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3. the covenant with Abraham (cf. G
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3. Asis - This is obviously alcohol
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 1:24-2624There
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SPECIAL TOPIC: FIREFire has both po
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ISAIAH 2PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MODE
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C. The resultant Judgment of YHWH,
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Zaphon in the far north (cf. Isa. 1
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The world mission of gospel proclam
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Lord.” I have come face to face w
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and make it “traders.” It seems
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21In order to go into the caverns o
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Woe to them!For they have brought e
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3:4 Judah’s elder leadership will
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These phrases could be1. literala.
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3:17NASB, NJB,REB “make their for
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} “the Branch of the LORD” To d
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SPECIAL TOPIC: THE TWO BOOKS OF GOD
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BRIEF OUTLINEA. The Parabolic Song,
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6I will lay it waste;It will not be
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SPECIAL TOPIC: ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN
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them spiritual ears and eyes (cf. D
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2. Jeremiah changed it from a place
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5:17 “Then the lambs will graze a
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So their root will become like rot
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The term “nations” in the Masor
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. There has alw
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II.9. human form - Exod. 24:9-11; P
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SPECIAL TOPIC: HOLYI. Old Testament
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Page 124 and 125: 3. Third paragraph4. Etc.BACKGROUND
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Page 130 and 131: 7:18 “In that day” “That day
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Page 140 and 141: 55:8-11; Ps. 33:11). God needs nor
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Page 146 and 147: Read the chapter in one sitting. Id
Page 148 and 149: Because of the desert between Mesop
Page 150 and 151: NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 9:8-128The Lor
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Page 156 and 157: 10:6 “a godless nation. . .the pe
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Page 160 and 161: 27So it will be in that day, that h
Page 162 and 163: 10:33 The second half of this verse
Page 164 and 165: 2. Second paragraph3. Third paragra
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Page 170 and 171: (2) Mark 10:41(3) Luke 14:31; 15:8;
Page 172 and 173: ISAIAH 12PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MOD
Page 174 and 175: } “although You were angry with m
Page 178 and 179: WORD AND PHRASE STUDYNASB (UPDATED)
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Page 196 and 197: DISCUSSION QUESTIONSThis is a study
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Page 204 and 205: 16:2 Moab is described as1. fleeing
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Page 212 and 213: SPECIAL TOPIC: FERTILITY WORSHIP OF
Page 214 and 215: NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 17:12-1412Alas
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However, this context could be unde
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ISAIAH 19PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MOD
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In this text the people claimed to
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7. purified the water at Marah, Exo
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 19:16-1716In t
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} “a Savior and a Champion” In
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6. sparing Jerusalem from Assyria,
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3. Third paragraph4. Etc.CONTEXTUAL
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21:3-4 The prophet describes the ef
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 21:11-1211The
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ased on certain word plays or key w
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This same area may have been filled
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22:15-19 This describes YHWH’s ju
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1. Gen. 15:6 - Abram’s personal e
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2. load will be cut down (BDB 154,
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. This condemna
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2. the palace, temple, and fortress
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23:10 The rival maritime empire of
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23:17-18 The riches of Phoenicia wi
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BACKGROUND STUDYA. Isaiah 24-27 for
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6. completely despoiled, v. 3, BDB
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Peshitta “shall be destroyed”LX
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} “As the shaking of an olive tre
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angels who have aided in either the
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4. You have made a city into a heap
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}NASBNKJV, PeshittaNRSVTEV, NJBREB
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25:9 “in that day” This refers
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WORD AND PHRASE STUDYNASB (UPDATED)
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6. “spread out,” BDB 831, KB 97
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VIII. “His words”A. BDB 202 - D
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NJB, REB “we invoke your name”L
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 26:20-2120Come
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. This is the c
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27:4-5 There are several COHORTATIV
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} “by driving them away” The He
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DISCUSSION QUESTIONSThis is a study
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following the original author’s i
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Notice how the LORD’S agent is ch
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For morning after morning it will p
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28:16 This verse is a shocking chan
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29This also comes from the LORD of
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. The Jewish St
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Thus the multitude of all the natio
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This was accomplished by1. blob of
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 29:22-2422Ther
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. LutroÇ, “to release”(1) to r
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} “rebellious children” This ti
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Prophesy illusions.11Get out of the
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. see not, BDB 906, KB 1157, negate
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 30:1818Therefo
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2. good crops, v. 23a. rich (BDB 20
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JB“will be battered”LXX, Peshit
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B. The Anchor Bible has an interest
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} “the LORD of hosts come down”
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} “whose fire. . .furnace” This
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CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTSA. Chapters 31-3
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12Beat your breasts for the pleasan
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NJB “Ophel” (BDB 779), a sectio
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l. eternity everlasting(1) I Kgs. 8
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all people are honored and treated
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} “locusts” Locust invasions we
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33:13 “You who are far away. . .y
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3. or bothIn v. 17, both “your ey
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B. Because there is a double space
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34:4 This hyperbolic language relat
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NKJV “night creature”NRSV, NJB
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1. seek, BDB 205, KB 233, Qal IMPER
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. fear not, BDB 431, KB 432, Qal IM
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36:2 “And the king of Assyria sen
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36:7 “whose high places and whose
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2. Arpad was a city in northern Syr
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1. First paragraph2. Second paragra
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} “I will make him fall by the sw
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37:19 The truth of v. 18 is seen to
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II.3. Model Prayer, Matt. 6:5-13; L
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C. Other aspects1. Perseverancea. L
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translation. The term can have eith
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NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 38:4-64Then th
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} “LORD. . .LORD” The MT has Ya
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The MT has the VERB “loved” (8-
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Also note that the Babylon of Hezek
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B. A. Briggs in his book, General I
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APPENDIX TWOINTRODUCTION TO OLD TES
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E. Prophets represent God to the pe
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APPENDIX THREEA BRIEF HISTORICAL SU
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Haran. He engaged the Babylonian fo
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n. 1340-1310 Haremhab3. 19th Dynast
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APPENDIX FOURCHARTSOLD TESTAMENT TI
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KINGS AND EVENTS OF THE BABYLONIAN,
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GREECE359 - 336 Philip II of Macedo
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GREEK359 - 336 Philip II of Macedon
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JUDAH’S KINGS (I CHR. 3:1-16; MAT
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APPENDIX FIVE - DOCTRINAL STATEMENT
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The Prophet and His Day: Isaiah 1-39 - Free Bible Commentary

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