Irradiasi Pangan
Irradiasi Pangan
Irradiasi Pangan
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Catatan Kuliah –ITP506Perkembangan teknologi danisu mutakhir tentang<strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Purwiyatno HariyadiDepartemen Ilmu & Teknologi Tk iP<strong>Pangan</strong>Fateta IPBMPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>1
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>2
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506<strong>Irradiasi</strong>• Radiasi = pancaran gelombang (energi)• Semua gelombang dapat dikarakterisasi dengan frekuensi(f) dan panjang gelombangnya (λ).• Kecepatan rambat gelombang tidak dipengaruhi olehfrekuensinyaf = c/ λdimana ,c = kecpt. cahaya (3 x 10 10 cm/sec) dlm hampa.f = frekuensi (sec - 1 )λ = panjang gelombang (cm)• Energy (E) = h fh = Kontanta Plank (6.626 x 10 -27ergs sec)MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong><strong>Irradiasi</strong> Pengion = Ionizing Radiation• Makin pendek λ = makin tinggi energi• Cahaya, gel radio, gel mikro (microwave), gel televisi = λpanjang, energi rendah tidak bisa mempunyaipengaruh pada atomMPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>3
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506<strong>Irradiasi</strong> Pengion = Ionizing RadiationMPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong><strong>Irradiasi</strong> Pengion = Ionizing Radiation• Panjang gelombang (λ) yang semakin pendek energi yang main tinggi i cukup untuk memukul elektron pada struktur atom ionisasi (radikal bebas) killing effect (terhadap DNA)• Energi tidak cukup tinggi untuk “memecah” inti atom tidak menyebabkan “radioaktif”MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>4
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506<strong>Irradiasi</strong>• Iradiasi pengion : M → M + + e -dimana, M = atom atau molekul• Gelombang elektromagnet yang bersifat pengion :• Sinar-x,• Pancaran elektron (electron beams),• sinar katoda (cathode rays),• Sinar-β, dan• Sinar-γ.• Tipe iradiasi lainnya: Neutron, Deuteron dan partikel-αmenyebabkan kerusakan bahan pangan.MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong><strong>Irradiasi</strong> :Sifat-sifat beberapa radiasi pengionPenetration : Depth of absorber of unit density (water)required to reduce radiation intensity ?? by a factor of 1000MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno hariyadi/TPG/Fateta/IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>5
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506<strong>Irradiasi</strong> :Sifat-sifat beberapa radiasi pengion• Sinar Gamma– Radiasielektromagnet yangdipancarkann olehCo-60 dan Cs-137– Penetrasi dalam danseragam ke segalaarahMPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong><strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>• Pemaparan bahan pangan oleh radiasi untukkeperluan “mengawetkan”• Telah lama diteliti dan dipelajari• Aplikasi pada industri terbatas = dibatasi olehpersepsi konsumen• Saat ini; konsumen dunia mulai menunjukkan“ketertarikan”nya terhadap teknologi irradiasiMPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>6
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506Dosis <strong>Irradiasi</strong>MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Dosis <strong>Irradiasi</strong>- Metoda pengukuran iradiasi• Cloud chamber or darkening of photographic films• Detection and visualization of tracks of individualradioactive particles.• Not much relevance to foods but could be used for safety ofpersonnel.• Ionization Chamber - This is also used in Geiger-Muellercounter.• The chamber is filled with a gas and an electric field isestablished between two electrodes.• The ions are collected on electrodes and radiation ismeasured as pulse intensity.MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>8
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506Dosis <strong>Irradiasi</strong>- Metoda pengukuran iradiasi• Radiation absorbed by food is measured by chemicaldosimeter.• The standard used is often a calorimetric technique.• The amount of heat produced by 10 kGy radiation absorbedby 1 g of water will produce 2.68C temperature increase.• Oxidation-reduction of metals or organic ions has been usedas indicators.MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>PENGARUH IRRADIASI PADA BAHAN PANGAN1. Pengaruhnya thd Air"radiolisis“air tereksitasi (H 2 O) *radikal bebas OH· dan H·air terionisasi (H 2 O) +elektron terhidrasi (e - aq )gas hydrogen (H 2 )hidrogen peroksida (H 2 O 2 )air (H 2 O)ion hidronium (H 3 O + )ion Hidroxksida (OH - )KomponenBahan<strong>Pangan</strong>(lemak, kh,protein, dll)MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>9
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506PENGARUH IRRADIASI PADA BAHAN PANGAN2. Pengaruhnya thd senyawa non-akueus• Rantai hidrokarbon (lipid, atau polimer bahanpengemas).• -(CH2 ) → -(CH·) - + H·• Senyawa aromatik → stabil• Pati dan pektin cukup sensitif• Protein – asam-asam amino tertentu (histidine, asamamino bersulfur, fenilalanin, dan tirosin) sangatsensitif.• Lemak. “ketengikan oksidatif“• Karbohidrat pencoklatan non-enzimatisMPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>PENGARUH IRRADIASI PADA MIKROBA- memproduksi radikal bebas- radikal bebas bereraksi dengan proteindan DNA- sel matiMPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>10
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506PENGARUH IRRADIASI PADA MIKROBAD 10,veg bacteriumD 10,yeastD 10 : dosis irradiasiyang menyebabkanpengurangan jumlahmikroba dengan faktor 10 D 10 doseMPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>PENGARUH IRRADIASI PADA MIKROBAModel inaktivasi mikroba oleh irradiasi bisa juga dinyatakansbb :N =N 0eD−dimana,N = jumlah mo setelah iradiasi,N 0= jumlah mo awal (sebelum iradiasi),D = Dosis radiasi yang diterima, dan= konstanta; tgt jenis mo dan kondisi lingkunganD 0Konstanta D 0 = dosis radiasi yang menyebabkan kematianmikroba sebanyak 63% populasi.D 0MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>11
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI IRRADIASI PADABAHAN PANGAN<strong>Irradiasi</strong> dosis rendah(sampai 1 kGy)(1 Gy = 1 Joule/Kg)Dosis medium (1-10kGy)Dosis tinggi ( > 10kGy)MenghambatperkecambahanMenunda pematanganbuahMengurangi risikopatogen danmeningkatkan masasimpan (keawetan)StrilisasiMPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI IRRADIASI PADABAHAN PANGANMPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>13
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI IRRADIASI PADABAHAN PANGANMPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI IRRADIASI PADABAHAN PANGANSterilization of foods (radappertizing)in hermetically sealed containersrequires 2 - 4 x 10 6 rad for room temperature storagedoses around 10 5 rad can be used for pasteurization ofrefrigerated foods.• Waste treatment• De-infestation of grain, dried foods, spices etc., 25,000 rad• Sprout inhibitor in potatoes, carrots, onions 15,000 rads• Accelerated aging of whiskyMPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>14
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506Sumber <strong>Irradiasi</strong>• Cobalt 60• Waktu paruh ~ 5 tahun• Penetrasi lebih dalam daripada elektron• Lebih murahMPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Sumber <strong>Irradiasi</strong>1. Cobalt - 60Produced by irradiation of Co-59 in a nuclearreactor. This has a half-life life of 5.27 yr and emitstwo γ -rays per disintegration with energies of1.17 and 1.33 MeV. The metal is formed as stripsand contains more than 100,000 cu per strip.The food product is irradiated from two sides toprovide uniform dose throughout the container.The dose of irradiation is such that it does notcause radioactivity in the food.MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>15
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506<strong>Irradiasi</strong>• Cobalt 60 (Gamma Radiation)Cobalt 60256 2.5-6 MradMPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Sumber <strong>Irradiasi</strong>2. Dengan menggunakan Mesin• Akselerator elektron : mulai untuk aplikasinon-pangan (plastik, obat, dan cat).• Kelemahan?: penetrasi rendah.• Teknologi baru : banyak dioperasikan secarakomersial.MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>16
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI IRRADIASI PADABAHAN PANGAN TERTENTU :Efek samping negatif off flavor, tekstur danpenampakan.• Masalah off-flavor flavor pada daging, ikan & unggas (oksidasilemak dan degradasi protein) :• Daging (beef) paling sensitif (pork & poultry lebih stabil).• Perubahan warna : daging mentah → coklat daging masak → pinkish• Buah/sayuran segar :....... > kerusakan tekstur & off-flavor flavor @ > 10 5 rad• Produk Dairy : off-flavor flavor pada susu @ 10 4 -5 x 10 4 rad• Coklat : off-flavor flavor @ 5,000 radMPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI IRRADIASI PADABAHAN PANGAN TERTENTU :Minimisasi Efek samping negatif1. Gunakan dosis iradiasi rendah2. Kombinasikan iradiasi dengan panas, atauperlakuan kimia3. Iradiasi pada kondisi beku4. Iradiasi pada kondisi atmosfer yang inert5. Tambahkan free-radical radical scavengers, seperti asamaskorbat.MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>17
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506CONTOH APLIKASI IRRADIASIMPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>CONTOH APLIKASI IRRADIASIMPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>18
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506CONTOH APLIKASI IRRADIASIMPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>CONTOH APLIKASI IRRADIASISpices and Dried Vegetable SeasoningsIrradiated spices and dried vegetable seasonings have beenretail marketed in South Africa over the past 10 years and thevolume is increasing. In fact, irradiation is used so routinely bythe spice trade in South Africa that it would be difficult to findspices treated by some other means (fumigation, heat) in thecountry. A variety of processed food (for example, sauces, saladdressings, sandwich spread) also incorporate irradiated spicesand vegetable seasonings. All irradiated products have to belabelled with an irradiation logo plus the word ‘Radurised’. Since1995, irradiated spices and dried vegetable seasonings havebeen marketed at retail levels in Belgium. Irradiated spices,condiments and seasonings are also available in China.MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>19
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506CONTOH APLIKASI IRRADIASIFrog LegsBecause of strict microbiological specifications in France,most, if not all, frog legs marketed in the country have beentreated by irradiation to ensure their hygienic quality. Theproduct has to be labelled ‘treated by ionization’ and can bepurchased in most French food markets.MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>CONTOH APLIKASI IRRADIASIOnions, GarlicVidalia onions have been irradiated in Florida, to preventsprouting, and marketed at retail level in Chicago since 1992.Irradiated garlic has been sold in increasing quantities in severalcities in China since the early 1990s. During 1995-98, about166,000 tonnes of garlic were irradiated and marketed acrossChina. All products are labelled to indicate the treatment.ChickenFollowing the approval of the United States Food and DrugAdministration (FDA) and the quality control programme forirradiated poultry in 1993, small quantities of irradiated chickenhave been offered for sale in some retail outlets in Florida, Illinois,Iowa and Kansas with success.MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>20
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506CONTOH APLIKASI IRRADIASIFermented Pork SausagesIrradiated fermented pork sausages (Nham, a local delicacy inThailand, which is almost always consumed raw) treated forcontrolling pathogenic microorganisms and parasites, are gainingpopularity since their first market trial in 1986. During 1997, about80 tonnes of Nham were irradiated in Thailand. Increasingquantities of this irradiated product are being supplied tosupermarkets in Bangkok. In addition to marketing in Bangkok, theproducers have developed new markets in the north and northwestof Thailand where Nham is a staple part of the diet. There is awidespread demand for this irradiated product as the risk frominfection by Salmonella and Trichinella spiralis has been removed.The irradiation logo and a statement indicating irradiation treatmentare required on the label.MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>CONTOH APLIKASI IRRADIASIOther Food ProductsSince a semi-commercial irradiator in Chittagong, Bangladeshwent into operation in 1993, small quantities of irradiated dried fish(for insect control) have been available in the market in Chittagongand other cities in Shelf-stable, ready-to-eat meals arecommercially available in South Africa. At present, 12 such mealsare in existence, including beef curry, beef stroganoff, chickencurry, lasagna and a Malaysian dish called bobotie. These mealsare labelled as irradiated and have a shelf-life of greater than twoyears, making them ideal for outdoor activities such as hiking,camping, yachting, safaris and mountaineering. Successful markettrials of other irradiated foods such as rice, mungbeans, potatoesand onions in several countries in recent years will likely l lead tofurther commercialization of irradiated food in the near future. Theactual sale of irradiated food in the market in several countries hasclearly demonstrated that consumers will accept irradiated food ifthey have the choice.MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>21
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506CONTOH APLIKASI IRRADIASIMPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>22
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506FASILITAS IRRADIASIMPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>FASILITAS IRRADIASIMPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>23
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Iradiasi <strong>Pangan</strong>• Identified by the FDA and World Health Organization(WHO) as having significant strategic importance forthe future of food safety worldwide• Non-thermal technology for pasteurization of solidfood• Improves food Safety and shelf-life economically• Can kill Salmonella and E. coliMPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>24
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506ISU IRRADIASIpertanyaan/persepsi konsumen Apakah produk pangan yang diiradiasi menjadiradioaktif? Bagaimana keamanan personalia/operator fasilitasirradiasi? Bagaimana potensi bahaya dari mikroba yangbertahan (surviving microflora)? Kehilangan nutrisi? Perubahan kimia? Beracun? Karsinogenik? <strong>Irradiasi</strong> : Pro dan KontraMPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>ISU IRRADIASI pelabelanMPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>25
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506PERSEPSI IRADIASI??Sejak 9/11 …….… berubah??? b Bio-Terrorist?MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>PERSEPSI IRADIASI??Sejak 9/11 …….… berubah??? b Penggunaan teknologi iradiasimenggunakan mesin berkas elektron untukproses dekontaminasi suratMPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>26
Catatan Kuliah –ITP5062. Dengan menggunakan Mesin BerkasElektron (E-beam)E-beamacceleratorE- E-E- E- E-E- E- E- E-3MeV-12 MeVMPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>2. Dengan menggunakan Mesin BerkasElektron (E-beam)• Akselerator elektron : mulai untuk aplikasinon-pangan (plastik, obat, dan cat).• Low-energy accelerators (150 keV - 2.0 MeV).• Medium-energy energy accelerators (2.5 - 8.0 MeV).• High-energy accelerators (> 9.0 MeV).MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>27
Catatan Kuliah –ITP5062. Dengan menggunakan Mesin BerkasElektron (E-beam)☺☺ ☺☺☺ Degradasi beberapa polimer minimal(paparan lebih singkat)☺ Tanpa residu☺ On/Off terkendali☺ “persepsi lebih aman”MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>2. Dengan menggunakan Mesin BerkasElektron (E-beam) Tantangan dari segi engineering solved! Daya penetrasi rendah “cold pasteurization”???Batasan legal ? “electronic pasteurization”??? (food authority)MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>28
Catatan Kuliah –ITP5062. Dengan menggunakan Mesin BerkasElektron (E-beam)MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>2. Aplikasi Mesin Berkas Elektron (E-beam)MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>29
Catatan Kuliah –ITP5062. Aplikasi Mesin Berkas Elektron (E-beam)MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>2. Aplikasi Mesin Berkas Elektron (E-beam)MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>30
Catatan Kuliah –ITP5062. Aplikasi Mesin Berkas Elektron (E-beam)MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>2. Aplikasi Mesin Berkas Elektron (E-beam)Two Side Orange IrradiationOrange irradiationtype:one side,two side orrotation?MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>3Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>31
Catatan Kuliah –ITP5062. Aplikasi Mesin Berkas Elektron (E-beam)Two Side Orange IrradiationMain requirements:• purpose is orange pasteurization and disinfestation• electron energy up to 10 MeV• system includes two modules• beam power of each module up to 10 kW• orange diameter 7 cm• orange weight 170 g• orange irradiation depth whole volume• irradiation dose up to 300 GyMPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>22. Aplikasi Mesin Berkas Elektron (E-beam)Two Side Orange IrradiationRelative dose, %14012010080604020Depth dose distribution ib ti for 10 MeV• Product thickness at 10 MeVand 1 g/cm3 bulk density:- 2.8 cm at one side irradiation,- 8.0 cm at two side irradiation.• Optimal electron energy for twoside irradiation of 7 cmdiameter orange is 8.8 MeV.00 2 4 6 8Density*depth, g/ccm*cmone-side irradiationsecond-side irradiationdouble-side irradiation• Dose non-uniformity at one sideirradiation is 100 % -unacceptable.• Dose non-uniformity at two sideirradiation is 25 %.MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>4Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>32
Catatan Kuliah –ITP5062. Aplikasi Mesin Berkas Elektron (E-beam)Two Side Orange IrradiationThere are two independentirradiation 10 kW systemsirradiated one conveyor.Oranges go by rows with 7oranges in each row withoutrotation.300 Gy required dose.V=1 m/sec conveyor speed.Scanning frequency 140 Hz.Scanning width is 50 cm.Total throughput is 1 T/min.MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>2. Aplikasi Mesin Berkas Elektron (E-beam)MPTP – IPBFrancisco J. Bueso(AGEN 689, Texas A &MUniversity)Purwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>33
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506Kesimpulan• <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>- berpotensi menjadi bagianpenting dari pemecahan masalah keamananpangan• Mesin Berkas Elektron : mempunyai potensimemenangkan “hati” konsumen• Perlu analisis i risiko ik komunikasi i risiko ik yangefektif.MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Detection Methods for Irradiated FoodMPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>34
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506ISU IRRADIASI pelabelanMPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>35
Catatan Kuliah –ITP506MPTP – IPBPurwiyatno Hariyadi/Isue Mutakhir Industri <strong>Pangan</strong>- <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>Isu mutakhir Tek <strong>Pangan</strong> - tentang <strong>Irradiasi</strong> <strong>Pangan</strong>36
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