The Danger of Incomplete Combustion for Environment, Health, and ...

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After independence, China had specialconcerns for rural areas than werereflected in energy programs for decades• China led the world in rural energydevelopment in the 1970s and 80s• It introduced ~180 million improvedbiomass stoves, for example – one of thelargest rural development projects in worldhistory
China’s National Improved Stove Program (NISP)• More than 180 million improved stoves withchimneys were introduced from early 80s to mid 90s• Evaluation showed that NISP improved energyefficiency and IAQ in rural households, but notsufficiently to meet current Chinese air pollutionstandards or WHO guidelines.• It focused on biomass; the rising coal use in ruralareas is threatening to erode the benefits unlessaction is taken soon. This is particularly a problemin the areas of “poisonous coals”.
Page 1 and 2: The Danger of Incomplete Combustion
Page 3 and 4: Householdsusing biomassor coal toco
Page 5 and 6: A problem that has lastedone-third
Page 7 and 8: Household Energy in China• ~60% o
Page 9 and 10: Road Map• Why is there so much po
Page 11 and 12: Energy flows in a well-operating tr
Page 13 and 14: Health-Damaging Air Pollutants From
Page 15 and 16: ALRI/PneumoniaDiseases for which we
Page 17 and 18: Global Burden of Disease from Top 1
Page 19 and 20: Global Burden of Disease Databasean
Page 21 and 22: Pollution and health effects of ind
Page 23 and 24: Household Coal Use and Lung CancerC
Page 25 and 26: Improved Stoves Brought to XuanweiC
Page 27 and 28: Why We Know Now that Chimneys are n
Page 29 and 30: Guatemala RCT: Kitchen Concentratio
Page 31 and 32: (b )ention grouprol group(ppm)2 30.
Page 33 and 34: Reduction in Kitchen 24-h PM 2.5 (u
Page 35 and 36: Sources of Primary PM 2.5 : India a
Page 37 and 38: NASA INTEX_B DatabasePercent PM 2.5
Page 39 and 40: Controllable Global Warming from Bl
Page 41 and 42: Climate Warming in 2020 Under Prese
Page 43 and 44: Heart Disease and Combustion Partic
Page 45: Where weWant toBe!MD-diagnosed Chil
Page 49 and 50: China’s National Improved Stove P
Page 52 and 53: Box model for Indoor PollutionCt =
Page 54 and 55: How clean does the stove have to be
Page 57 and 58: Stove Use Monitors (SUMs) in Action
Page 59 and 60: Inter-instrument Comparison: 30 UCB
Page 61 and 62: Long-term Household MeasurementsInt
Page 63 and 64: The main reason household air pollu
Page 65 and 66: Intake Fractions : these are rough
Page 67 and 68: Origins of the Chinese Rural Energy

The Danger of Incomplete Combustion for Environment, Health, and ...

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