CalCOFI Reports, Vol. 11, 1967 - California Cooperative Oceanic ...
CalCOFI Reports, Vol. 11, 1967 - California Cooperative Oceanic ... CalCOFI Reports, Vol. 11, 1967 - California Cooperative Oceanic ...
SYNOPSIS OF BIOLOGICAL INFORMATION ON THE AUSTRALIAN ANCHOVYENGRAULIS AUSTRALIS (WHITE)MAURICE BLACKBURNInstitute of Marine ResourcesScripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California, La Jolla, CaliforniaINTRODUCTIONEngraulis australis (White), sometimes known asthe Australian anchovy, was investigated by thewriter in Australia at various times and places between1937 and 1948. The work was done as opportunitiesoffered in the course of other duties. It wasgenerally hard to obtain material because the annualcommercial catch is only 50 to 100 tons, although itcould be much higher if a good demand existed forthe fish.Most of the information was published in two papers(Blackburn 1941, and especially Blackburn 1950a).The present paper summarizes the facts and interpretationspresented in the former papers, and thevery few observations on E. australis in Australiathat have been published since 1950, and adds a littlenew information. There appear to have been nodetailed studies of occurrences of the same speciesin New Zealand.IDENTITYThe adult E. australis was well described andfigured by hTcCulloch (1920), who listed most priorreferences. Blackburn described the eggs and larvaeNORTHERNTERRITORYQUEENSLANDSOUTH AUSTRALIAFIGURE 1.K,nown range of Engraulis australis (hatched areas), and mean positions of certain surface isotherms in February and August, in watersnear Australia and New Zealand.
REPORTS VOLUME XI, 1 JULY 1963 TO 30 JUNE 196635(1941) and listed additional references (1941, 1950a).The species falls in the genus Elzgraulis as definedby Jordan and Seale (1926) and Hildebrand (1943).It is the only engraulid species known to occur inAustralian waters south of 28" S. latitude, and theonly one in New Zealand waters; it is not knownfrom tropical Australian waters, although severalspecies of other engraulid genera occur there, or fromany of the smaller islands near Australia and NewZealand.SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONE. australis has been found along most sections ofthe Australian coast south of the Tropic of Capricorn(Blackburn 1950 a), as shown in Figure 1. The rangein latitude is from 23" to 43" S. The species is unrecordedfrom the west coast of Tasmania and froma section of coastline near the South Australia-Western Australia border, but this probably reflectsthe comparative lack of human settlement, fishing,and marine investigations in those regions, rather thanabsence of the fish. For similar reasons, the distributionalong the coast of New Zealand is probably moreextensive than that recorded in the literature (Blackburn1941) and shown in Figure 1.Along the coasts where it occurs, E. australis inhabitsestuaries, bays, and open waters over the generallynarrow continental shelf; a few larvae havebeen taken in plankton hauls over the continentalslope, and nothing is known of any occurrences,...I _.. p ; .iI.h 'hFIGURE 2. Echogram of schools of E. aurfralk in 20 m of water off Spring Bay, Tasmania. Time scale across top is in minutes; ship speed was 3to 4 knots; identification was made from fish killed by exploding TNT in the school.
- Page 1 and 2: STATE OF CALIFORNIAMARINE RESEARCH
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SYNOPSIS OF BIOLOGICAL INFORMATION ON THE AUSTRALIAN ANCHOVYENGRAULIS AUSTRALIS (WHITE)MAURICE BLACKBURNInstitute of Marine ResourcesScripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of <strong>California</strong>, La Jolla, <strong>California</strong>INTRODUCTIONEngraulis australis (White), sometimes known asthe Australian anchovy, was investigated by thewriter in Australia at various times and places between1937 and 1948. The work was done as opportunitiesoffered in the course of other duties. It wasgenerally hard to obtain material because the annualcommercial catch is only 50 to 100 tons, although itcould be much higher if a good demand existed forthe fish.Most of the information was published in two papers(Blackburn 1941, and especially Blackburn 1950a).The present paper summarizes the facts and interpretationspresented in the former papers, and thevery few observations on E. australis in Australiathat have been published since 1950, and adds a littlenew information. There appear to have been nodetailed studies of occurrences of the same speciesin New Zealand.IDENTITYThe adult E. australis was well described andfigured by hTcCulloch (1920), who listed most priorreferences. Blackburn described the eggs and larvaeNORTHERNTERRITORYQUEENSLANDSOUTH AUSTRALIAFIGURE 1.K,nown range of Engraulis australis (hatched areas), and mean positions of certain surface isotherms in February and August, in watersnear Australia and New Zealand.
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